BILL OF LADING - inter-stopspy.narod.ruinter-stopspy.narod.ru/files/bill_of_lading.doc · Web viewEx. VIII Word-formation. ... Any time lost thereby shall not count as laytime or,

Министерство транспорта России

Субботина Г. Н.Субботин М. В.

LEARN TO DEAL WITH SHIPPING DOCUMENTS

Учебное пособие

Рекомендовано методическим советом в качестве учебного пособия

для курсантов и студентов морских специальностей

Владивосток2006

УДК 802.0:629.553 - УТОЧНИТЬ

Субботина Г. Н., Субботин М. В. Learn to deal with shipping documents: Учебн. пособие. – Владивосток: Мор. гос. ун-т, 2005. – 120 с.

Предназначено для студентов - будущих работников морского флота, а также для студентов неязыковых факультетов, получающих дополнительную квалификацию «переводчик в сфере профессиональной коммуникации» по специальностям, связанным с морским флотом. Содержит несколько видов коносаментов, используемых в морских перевозках, а также тесты для самопроверки при самостоятельной работе студентов. Может быть полезно всем, желающим научиться читать, переводить и работать с документами, связанными с работой морского флота.

Рецензенты:

В. П. Кочетков, канд. филол. наук, проф. ДВГУ А. Д. Москаленко, академик, проф., д-р техн. наук, директор Ассоциации ДВНЦ АТ России

ISBN © Субботина Г. Н, Субботин М. В. © Морской государственный университет им. адм. Г. И. Невельского, 2006

UNIT 1

Ex. I Say the words after the teacher

Guide, originate, negotiable, receipt, issued, subsequently, dispute, finally, acquired, characteristic, endorsement, varied, signature, unique, identifier, character, numeric, failure, jurisdiction, liable, demurrage

Ex II Read and translate the international words

Practical, guide, publication, contract, dispute, characteristic, function, complex, problem, specialist, text, normally, master, original, agent, procedure, operation, stan-dard, code, unique, transportation, company, identification, element, jurisdiction, ser-vice, accompany, import, detail, result

Ex III Read the vocabulary, try to remember it

bill of lading – коносамент cover – охватыватьoriginate – возникать unique – единственный в своём ро-negotiable – обращающийся, обо- де, уникальный ротный, возможный к передаче letter – букваreceipt – расписка assign – предназначать, закреплятьissue – 1. выдавать, выпускать, identification – опознание, иденти- 2. вопрос фикацияshipowner – судовладелец purpose – цельsubsequently – впоследствии, позже contain – содержатьincorporate – включать, объединять identifier – опознавательный знакterm – условие character – буква, литера, цифра,carriage – перевозка знакin order to – для того, чтобы numeric – цифровойresolve – решать Custom – таможняdispute – спорный вопрос govern – регулироватьfinally – в конце концов arrival – приход, прибытиеacquire – приобретать entry – входendorsement – передаточная над- failure – неспособность, неудача пись, индоссамент comply – подчинятьсяmeet the needs – удовлетворять по- delay – задержка требности deliver – доставлятьtrader – торговец due to – из-заdestination – место назначения account – счётgive rise – давать повод, вызывать charterer – фрахтовательvaried – разнообразный insert – включатьcomplex – сложный accompany – сопровождать

deal – иметь дело shipment – отправка, перевозкаshipper – отправитель accordance – соответствие present – представлять, передавать in respect of – в отношенииsignature – подпись fail – потерпеть неудачу, не сделатьset – комплект что-тоsign – подписывать result from – произойти из-заerror – ошибка laytime – сталийное время (время,discover – обнаруживать обусловленное в чартере наdeliver – доставлять разгрузку и погрузку судна)regulation – правило demurrage – простой судна, штрафprovide – предусматривать за простой

NOTE

Слова типа hereunder, therefrom, thereby являются архаизмами и в основном употребляются в юридических документах. Это сочетания указательных и вопросительных местоимений с предлогами.Такие слова соответствуют следующим сочетаниям:herein = in thishereafter = after thisherefrom = from this, etc.therein = in thatthereof = of that, etc.whereby = by whichwherein = in which, etc. При переводе этих слов на русский язык можно пользоваться словами оный, таковой, что соответствует канцелярскому стилю юридических документов. Ex. IV Read and translate the document

A practical guide for tanker masters (an INTERTANKO publication)PART VII - BILLS OF LADING

7. (a) Introduction

Bills of lading originated in the fourteenth century as a non-negotiable receipt issued by a shipowner for cargo received. Subsequently the bill of lading also incorporated the terms of the contract of carriage in order to resolve disputes between cargo own-ers and carrier. Finally by the eighteenth century the bill of lading acquired its third characteristic, that of being negotiable by endorsement in order to meet the needs of traders who wished to sell the cargo before it reached its destination. These functions of a bill of lading have given rise to many and varied complex problems. There are specialist texts that deal with these issues.Bills of Lading are normally prepared by the shipper and are then presented to the master for signature. Three sets of original bills of lading are usually issued.

Very often the ship’s agent will sign the bills of lading. This is where either the “Early Departure Procedure” is in operation or where an error has been discovered in the original bills of lading and a fresh set has to be issued.

7. (c) Delivering a cargo to a US port - SCAC

US regulations provide that all ocean bills of lading covering cargoes entering US ports shall have a “Standard Carrier Alpha Code” (“SCAC”). The SCAC is a unique two to four letter code assigned to transportation companies for identifica-tion purposes. The regulations provide that all bills of lading shall contain a unique identifier consisting of up to sixteen characters in length. The first four characters will be the carrier’s SCAC and the remaining element will consist of up to twelve characters in length and may be either alpha and/or numeric.The numbering requirement is incorporated into Custom’s regulations governing the ar-rival and entry of vessels. Failure to comply with this requirement may delay the vessel when delivering a cargo to the US ports and therefore any time lost due to failure to comply with this regulation would be for owners’ account. For example, clause 36.1 of BPVOY4 provides:“If Charterers require the vessel to discharge at a port within the jurisdiction of the US Customs Service, the Master shall insert Owners’ Unique Identifier on each Bill of Lading accompanying a shipment of imported cargo in accordance with US Cus-toms Regulations. Owners shall provide Charterers and Agents on request with de-tails of their Unique Identifier in respect of any cargo carried hereunder.

36.2. If the Master fails to insert Owners’ Unique Identifier under this Clause 36 Owners shall be liable for any delays resulting therefrom and any time lost thereby shall not count as laytime or, if the Vessel is on demurrage, as demurrage.”

Ex. V Translate the verbs and give the three forms of some of them

Originate, issue, receive, incorporate, carry, resolve, acquire, meet, wish, sell, reach, deal, prepare, present, sign, discover, deliver, provide, cover, enter, assign, contain, consist, remain, require, govern, fail, comply, delay, discharge, insert, accompany, import, carry, result, lose, count

Ex. VI Give Russian equivalents to the following

Non-negotiable receipt, issued by a shipowner, terms of the contract, in order to re-solve disputes, negotiable by endorsement, to meet the needs, before it reached the destination, give rise to problems, error has been discovered, regulations provide that, two letter code, assigned to transportation companies, contain a unique identifier, up to sixteen characters, either alpha or numeric, Customs regulations, failure to comply with the requirements, delay the vessel, for owners’ account, within the jurisdiction, in accordance with, in respect of, cargo carried hereunder, shall liable for, delays re-

sulting therefrom, time lost thereby, not count as laytime, if the vessel is on demur-rage

Ex. VII Arrange the following in pairs of synonyms

Acquire, afterwards, arise, condition, demand, different, error, get, govern, include, insert, issue, mistake, originate, question, regulate, regulation, responsible, require-ment, reliable, rule, shipment, subsequently, terms, transportation, varied

Ex. VIII Word-formationFind the derivatives of the following words in the text of ex. IV, translate them

Public, introduce, four, cent, ship, subsequent, carry, own, final, eight, endorse, trade, special, normal, sign, depart, regulate, transport, identify, require, arrive, fail, charter, accord, time

Ex. IX Translate the sentences into Russian

1. Bill of lading originated in the 14th century.2. Subsequently B/L incorporated the terms of contract.3. In the 18th century it acquired its third characteristics.4. The traders wished to sell the cargo before it reached its destination.

1. B/L was a non-negotiable receipt issued by shipowners for the cargo received.2. SCAC is a unique code assigned to transportation companies.

1. B/Ls are prepared by the shipper and are then presented to the master.2. Three sets of bills of lading are usually issued.

1. Owners shall provide charterers with details in respect of any cargo carried hereunder.

2. Owners shall be liable for delays resulting therefrom.3. Any time lost thereby shall not count as laytime.

1. B/L incorporated the terms of contract in order to resolve disputes.2. B/L acquired its 3rd characteristic in order to meet the needs of traders.3. The traders wished to have bills of lading in order to sell the cargo before it

reached its destination.

Ex. X Answer the questions

1. When did the bill of lading originate?2. Who issued the bill of lading?3. Why did it incorporate the terms of contract?4. When did the bill of lading become negotiable?

5. Why did it become negotiable?6. Who usually prepares bills of lading?7. Who signs bills of lading?8. In what cases does the agent sign bills of lading?9. What is “SCAC”?10.What do US regulations provide concerning a unique identifier?11.Why is the numbering requirement incorporated into Custom’ regulation?12.Who is liable for failure to comply with this regulation?13.Where shall the master insert owner’s identifier?14.Who may be provided with the unique identifier?15. What will happen if the master fails to insert the identifier?

Ex. XI Insert prepositions 1. Bills of lading originated … the fourteenth century.2. Subsequently the bill of lading also incorporated the terms … the contract …

carriage … order to resolve disputes … cargo owners and carrier.3. The traders wished to sell the cargo ..it reached its destination. 4. These functions of a bill of lading have given rise … many and varied complex

problems.5. Bills of Lading are normally prepared … the shipper and are then presented …

the master … signature.6. The SCAC is a unique two … four letter code assigned … transportation

companies … identification purposes. 7. The regulations provide that all bills of lading shall contain a unique identifier

consisting … … … sixteen characters … length.8. The numbering requirement is incorporated … Custom’s regulations governing

the arrival and entry … vessels. 9. Failure to comply … this requirement may delay the vessel when delivering a

cargo … the US ports. 10.Any time lost due … failure to comply … this regulation would be … owners’

account.11.If Charterers require the vessel to discharge … a port … the jurisdiction … the

US Customs Service, the Master shall insert Owners’ Unique Identifier … each Bill of Lading.

12.Owners shall provide Charterers and Agents … request … details … their Unique Identifier … respect … any cargo carried hereunder.

13.Owners shall be liable … any delays resulting therefrom. 14.Any time lost thereby shall not count as laytime or, if the Vessel is … demur-

rage, as demurrage.

Ex. XII Finish up the sentences

1. Bills of lading originated as a …2. Subsequently B/Ls incorporated the terms of …

3. The traders wished to sell their cargo before …4. These functions have given rise to …5. B/Ls are normally prepared by …6. B/Ls are then presented to the master for …7. US regulations provide that ocean B/Ls shall have …8. SCAC is a …9. All bills of lading shall contain a unique identifier consisting of …10.The numbering requirement is incorporated into Custom’s regulations govern-

ing …11.Any time lost would be for ..

Ex. XIII Give English equivalents to the following

Необоротная расписка, выданная судовладельцем, за полученный груз, контракт перевозки, разрешать спорные вопросы, оборотный документ с передаточной надписью, отвечать требованиям, место назначения, давать повод, сложные проблемы, представлять капитану для подписи, “процедура преждевременного отхода судна”, была обнаружена ошибка, стандартный буквенный код, таможенные правила, неподчинение этому правилу, задержать судно, за счёт владельцев, под юрисдикцией таможни США, ввозимый груз, в отношении груза, нести ответственность за задержки, судно на простое

Ex. XIV Translate into English

1. Коносамент появился в 14 веке, как не подлежащая к передаче расписка судовладельца за груз.

2. Впоследствии коносамент включал в себя условия контракта перевозки, чтобы решать спорные вопросы между грузовладельцем и перевозчиком.3. К 18 веку коносамент стал оборотным при помощи передаточной надписи.4. Торговцы хотели продать груз прежде, чем он достигнет места назначения.5. Эти функции коносамента явились причиной многих проблем.6. Коносаменты обычно готовятся отправителями и затем предоставляются на

подпись капитану.7. Если была обнаружена ошибка, и нужно пустить в обращение новый

коносамент, то он может быть подписан судовым агентом.8. Все коносаменты, охватывающие грузы, входящие в порты США, должны

иметь специальный код.9. Таможенные правила предусматривают, что все коносаменты должны

содержать опознавательный код, состоящий из 16 знаков.10.Несоблюдение этого требования может задержать судно при доставке груза

в порты США.11.Любое время, потерянное из-за несоблюдения этого правила, будет за счёт

владельцев.12. Любое время, потерянное таким образом, не должно считаться как сталийное время.

UNIT 2


Departure, procedure, clause, effort, requested, appropriate, authorize, authorization, releasing, approve, prior, aforesaid, issuance, emphasize, threaten, judgement, dis-crepancy, endeavour, figure, consignee, indemnity, acceptable

Ex II Read and translate the international words

Recommend, minimize, limit, detail, agent, telefax, utilize, copy, instruction, act, pro-cedure, regularly, figure, protest, blank, original, bank, system

Ex III Read the vocabulary, try to remember it

adopt – принимать otherwise – иным образомsuch – такой judgement – мнение, суждениеclause – пункт predict – предсказыватьeffort – усилие act – действоватьappropriate – соответствующий refrain – воздерживатьсяauthorize – уполномочить accordingly – соответственноon behalf – от имени discretion – усмотрениеlimit – ограничивать invoke – призыватьrelease – выпускать provided – при условии, чтоvalid – действительный discrepancy – расхождениеquantity – количество endeavour – пытаться, старатьсяquality – качество blank – незаполненный, пустойapprove – подтверждать, одобрять circumstances – обстоятельстваutilize – использовать warn – предупреждатьimperative – обязательно refuse – отказыватьсяaforesaid – вышесказано consignee – получательgeneral – общий take delivery – принятьissuance – выпуск, выход indemnity – 1. гарантия от убытковrequest – просить 2. возмещение, компенсацияemphasize – подчёркивать acceptable – приемлемыйsignificant – значительный available – имеющийся в наличииthreaten – угрожать

Ex. IV Read and translate the document

7. (b) The Early Departure Procedure

Where a vessel is delayed leaving the load port due to the bills of lading not being ready, it is possible for the owners and charterers to agree that an Early Departure

Procedure shall be adopted. The following is INTERTANKO’s recommended form of such a clause.

Early Departure Procedure (“EDP”)

“In an effort to minimize time loss, the Master is requested, in appropriate cases, to authorize load port agents to issue Bills of Lading on behalf of the carrier. This au-thorization should be limited to the signing and releasing of the Bills of Lading only, and be valid only when all details, including quantity/quality of cargo have been ap-proved by the Master. If possible, agents should be required to telefax a copy of the Bills of Lading for the Master’s approval prior to utilizing their authorization to sign and release.”It is imperative that load port agents authorized as aforesaid are given the same gen-eral instructions as to issuance of bills of lading as the master. The master in this re-spect is requested to issue a letter of authorization to the agents, giving permission to issue bills of lading on behalf of the carrier.

It must be emphasized that EDP should only be used when a delay of significant length is threatened or when otherwise instructed by owners. The master is requested to use his judgement in predicting delays and to act or refrain from acting accordingly in his own discretion.

Such procedures are regularly invoked at some loading locations and give rise to few problems provided the procedure is followed correctly. It should be noted that if the procedure is invoked and, for instance, there is a discrepancy between the shore and the ship’s cargo loaded figures, then the agent must endeavour to use the ship’s fig-ures in the bill of lading and if this is not possible then a letter of protest should be is-sued.

We wish to emphasize that a master should never sign blank bills of lading under any circumstances. We understand that vessels calling at Zirku Island have in the past been warned that unless the master signs blank bills of lading, the vessel will not be permitted to call there again. Even in these circumstances the master must refuse to sign blank bills of lading.

7. (d) Cargo consignee fails to deliver the original bills of Lading

In order for the consignee of the cargo to take delivery of the cargo the original Bills of Lading must be presented. Very often this is not possible as the bills are still some-where in the banking system. It is usual for the charterparty to provide that the char-terer will provide the owners with an indemnity.

If the bill of lading or an acceptable letter of indemnity is not available at the discharge port, then the owners are within their rights to instruct their vessel not to discharge the cargo, with all time counting as used laytime or demurrage.

Ex. V Translate the verbs and give the three forms of some of them

Depart, delay, leave, agree, adopt, recommend, minimize, request, authorize, issue, limit, sign, release, include, approve, require, request, issue, give, emphasize, delay, threaten, predict, refrain, invoke, follow, endeavour, warn, permit, refuse, present, provide, accept, discharge, count

Ex. VI Give Russian equivalents to the following

Early departure procedure, due to the bill of lading not being ready, form of such a clause, in an effort, to minimize time loss, in appropriate cases, to authorize load port agents, on behalf of the carrier, limited to signing and releasing, quantity/quality, ap-proved by the master, to telefax a copy of the B/L, for master’s approval, prior to uti-lizing their authorization, authorized as aforesaid, in this respect, it must be empha-sized, delay of significant length, otherwise instructed, to predict delays, in his own discretion, there is a discrepancy, endeavour to use, blank bill of lading, under any circumstances, call at, to take delivery of the cargo, to provide with indemnity, within their rights, laytime or demurrage

Ex. VII Arrange the following in pairs of synonyms

Release, imperative, term, permit, forecast, issue, accept, necessary, consignee, pre-dict, clause, try, adopt, give rise, before, blank, indemnity, use, prior, ask, allow, re-quest, opinion, utilize, guarantee, judgement, endeavour, receiver, cause, empty

Ex. VIII Word-formationFind the derivatives of the following words in the text of ex. IV, translate them

Depart, own, charter, authorize, include, approve, said, instruct, issue, permit, judge, regular, correct, consign, deliver, where, accept, time


1. The vessel is delayed leaving the load port.2. An Early Departure Procedure shall be adopted.3. The master is requested to authorize load port agents to issue Bills of Lading.4. This authorization should be limited.5. All details of the cargo have been approved by the master.6. Agents should be required to telefax a copy of B/L.7. Load port agents are given the same instructions as the master.8. The master is requested to issue a letter of authorization to the agents.9. EPD should only be used when a delay of significant length is threatened.10.Such procedures are regularly invoked at some loading locations.11.The procedure is followed correctly.

12.The vessels have been warned that unless the master signs blank b/l, the vessel will not be permitted to call there again.

13.The original B/L must be presented.

1. It is possible that an Early Departure Procedure shall be adopted.2. It is imperative that port agents are given the same instructions as the master.3. It must be emphasized that EPD should only be used when instructed by owners.4. It should be noted that the agent must endeavour to use the ship’s figures.5. It is usual for the charterparty to provide that the charterer will provide the

owners with an indemnity.


1. When is EDP adopted?2. When is the master requested to authorize load port agents to issue B/L?3. What is this authorization limited to?4. When is that bill of lading valid?5. What should the agents do prior to utilization their authorization to sign and re-

lease B/L?6. What information must the agent use if there is a discrepancy between the

shore and the ship’s cargo loaded figures?7. What should be issued if this is not possible?8. Can masters sign blank bills of lading?9. What must be presented in order for the consignee to take delivery of the

cargo?10.In what cases shall the charterers provide the owners with an indemnity?11.What can the owners do if the B/L or a letter of indemnity is not available?

Ex. XI Insert prepositions 1. A vessel is delayed due … the bill of lading not being ready.2. It is possible … the owners and charterers to agree.3. Load port agents issue bills of lading … behalf … the carrier.4. This authorization is limited … signing of the b/l.5. All details … the cargo have been approved … the master.6. The agents must telefax a copy … the B/L … master’s approval … … utilizing

their authorization.7. The master … this respect issues a letter … authorization … the agents.8. The EDP should be used when otherwise instructed … owners.9. The master is requested to act or refrain … acting accordingly … his own dis-

cretion. 10. Masters should never sign blank bills of lading … any circumstances.11. … order … the consignee … the cargo to take delivery … the cargo the origi-

nal Bills of Lading must be presented.12.The charterer will provide the owners … an indemnity.

13.The owners are … their rights to instruct their vessel.

Ex. XII Insert missing words

1. A vessel is delayed leaving the load port … to the B/L not being ready.2. The master is requested to … load port agents to issue B/L on … of the carrier.3. The authorization should be limited to signing and … of the B/L.4. This authorization should be … only when all details of the cargo have been …

by the master.5. The agents should be required to … a copy of the B/L for the master’s ap-

proval.6. The agents are given the same instructions as to … of bills of lading as the

master.7. EDP should only be used when a … of significant length is threatened.8. The master is requested to use his judgement in … delays.9. The master is requested to act or to refrain from acting accordingly in his own …10. Such procedures are regularly … at some loading locations and give rise to few

problems … the procedure is followed correctly.11. If there is a … between the shore and the ship’s cargo loaded figures, then the

agent must … to use the ship’s figures.12. A master should never sign …bills of lading under any…13. In order for the … of the cargo to take delivery of the cargo the original Bills

of Lading must be presented.14.If the bill of lading or an acceptable letter of … is not available at the discharge

port, then the owners are within their rights to instruct their vessel not to dis-charge the cargo.

(delay, blank, issuance, predicting, due, valid, consignee, authorize, indemnity, behalf, invoked, circumstances, releasing, endeavour, telefax, approved, discrepancy, provided, discretion)

Ex. XIII Give English equivalents to the following

Процедура отхода судна без коносамента на борту, рекомендуемая форма такого пункта, свести к минимуму потери времени, уполномочить агента выдать коносамент, от имени перевозчика, ограничен только подписанием, включая количество и качество груза, переслать копию по факсу, до использования полномочий, дать разрешение на выдачу коносамента, задержка значительной продолжительности, воздержаться от действий, по своему усмотрению, к таким процедурам часто призывают, имеется расхождение, постараться использовать информацию судна, должен быть заявлен письменный протест, никогда не подписывать пустой коносамент, ни при каких обстоятельствах, зайти туда снова, чтобы принять груз, обеспечить владельцев гарантией, считать всё время сталийным или простойным.

Ex. XIV Translate into English

1. Отход судна задерживается из-за того, что коносамент не готов.2. Чтобы свести к минимуму потери времени, капитана просят

уполномочить агента выдать коносамент от имени перевозчика.3. Этот коносамент действителен, если только все подробности о грузе

были подтверждены капитаном.4. Агенты должны отослать по факсу коносамент капитану для

утверждения.5. Процедура отхода судна без коносамента используется только, когда

судну угрожает значительная задержка.6. Эти процедуры вызывают мало проблем, если им правильно следовать.7. Агент должен попытаться использовать судовые записи о количестве

погруженного груза.8. Если это невыполнимо, то нужно подать письмо-протест.9. Ни при каких обстоятельствах капитан не должен подписывать чистый

бланк коносамента.10.Для того, чтобы получить груз, грузополучатель должен представить

оригинальный коносамент.11.Если нет такой возможности, то фрахтователь должен предоставить

судовладельцам гарантию.12.Если нет ни коносамента, ни гарантийного письма, то судовладельцы

имеют право дать указание своему судну не разгружать груз, а всё время будет засчитываться как сталийное или простойное.

UNIT 3

BILL OF LADING КИ-61


Sawn, cedar, measurement, consignee, guarantee, adequacy, clause, either, quay, cease, assigns, possession, neither, affirmed

Ex II Read the vocabulary, try to remember it

apparent – видимый cease – прекращатьсяin apparent good order – в надлежа- afloat – на плаву щем по виду состоянии assign – правопреемникshipper – отправитель on payment – по уплатеtrade – торговать, плавать margin – поле (текста)carrier – перевозчик charges – платежиdescription – описание, наименова- due – причитающийся

ние, вид print – печататьsawn – p.p. from saw – пилить stamp – штамповатьwhitewood – белая древесина limit – ограничиватьlarchwood – лиственница affect – влиятьcedar – кедр connection – связьnumber – количество; пронумеро- payable – оплачиваемый вать custody – хранениеmeasurement – объём, размер custodian – хранительrate – ставка entrust – вверятьfreight – фрахт entitled – уполномочен, имеет правоon account of – в счёт stipulate – обусловитьconsignee – получатель part – расстаться, отдаватьmark – маркировать, маркировка possession - владениеabove – выше as well as – так же какabove-mentioned – вышеупомяну- conformity – соответствие тый check – проверятьabove-said – вышеуказанный receiver – получательnot guaranteed – без гарантии holder – держательadequate – соответствующий expressly – безоговорочноadequacy – правильность provisions –условияdelivery – доставка reserve – оговоркаsubject to – с соблюдением in witness whereof – в удостовере-term – условие ние изложенногоclause – пункт, статья affirm – подтвердить, подписатьlighter – лихтер tenor –содержаниеquay – причал stand void – терять юридическуюoption – выбор силуresponsible – ответственный duly – должным образомresponsibility – ответственность endorse – индоссировать (совер-carriage – перевозка шать передаточную надпись)

Ex. III Read and translate the document

Received for shipment from “Exportles” and shipped in apparent good order and condition on board the motor vessel called the “Seagull” whereof master is … and trading under the Russian flag, owners Russia, carrier the Far Eastern Shipping Com-pany and now lying in Vladivostok, Russia, the following goods:Description of goods: Sawn Logs produced from Whitewood, Larchwood, Red Pine & Cedar.Number of packages or pieces: 18230 pcsGross weight: 6573.94 tMeasurement: 7150.65 cbmsRate of freight:Received on account of freight:To be paid by consignee:

Being marked and numbered as above but not guaranteed hereby for the ade-quacy of marks and to be carried and delivered subject to all conditions, terms and clauses inserted into this bill of lading in the like apparent good order and condition from the ship’s deck (either into lighters or on the quay at master’s option) where the responsibility of the carrier for the carriage of the aforesaid goods shall cease. The goods to be delivered at the port of …… or as near there as the ship may safely get, always afloat, to the consignee “Japan Sea Trading Co. Ltd.”, Tokyo, Japan or to their assigns, on payment of freight as per margin of this bill of lading and all other charges due under this contract of carriage. Nothing in this bill of lading, whether printed, or written, or stamped, shall limit or affect the above-mentioned conditions. If the freight and all charges in connection with the contract of carriage payable on or before delivery of goods have not been paid, the carrier, on delivery of the goods to warehouse (warehouseman), or into lighters (lighterman), or other custodian entrusted to hold the goods for their owner, shall be entitled to stipulate that the said custodian shall not part with the possession thereof until payment has been made of the full freight and any other charges due un-der this contract of carriage. Neither the weight nor the measure of goods carried in bulk as well as the con-formity of all kinds of goods with their description in this bill of lading are checked by the carrier on loading. The shipper, the receiver of goods and the holder of the bill of lading as well as any other person interested hereby expressly accept and agree to all printed, written or stamped provisions, terms and reserves of this bill of lading, including those on the back hereof. In witness whereof the master, carrier or his agent has affirmed to three bills of lading, all of this tenor and date, one of which being accomplished the others to stand void. One bill of lading, duly endorsed, is to be given up in exchange for the goods, or for a delivery order for same. Dated in Vladivostok, Russia, this 20 th day of October, 2005. Master________________

Ex. IV Translate the verbs and give the three forms of some of them

Receive, ship, call, trade, carry, follow, saw, measure, pay, mark, number, deliver, in-sert, cease, get, print, write, stamp, limit, affect, mention, connect, entrust, hold, enti-tle, stipulate, part, possess, describe, check, insert, accept, agree, include, affirm, ac-complish, endorse

Ex. V Give Russian equivalents to the following

In apparent good order and condition; received for shipment; on board the steamship; trading under the Russian flag; the said Steamship Line; rate of freight; received on account of freight; to be paid by consignee; adequacy of marks; subject to all condi-tions; in the like good order and condition; either into lighters or on the quay; at Mas-

ter’s option; the responsibility shall cease; on payment of freight; charges due under the contract of carriage; above-mentioned conditions; in connection with; on or be-fore the delivery of goods; shall be entitled to stipulate; goods carried in bulk; the conformity of the goods with their description; to agree to all provisions; in witness whereof; in exchange for

Ex. VI Arrange the following in pairs of synonyms

To receive, the receiver of goods, provisions of the bill of lading, berth, to finish, warehouse, above-mentioned, conditions, quay, to get, to cease, said, store, consignee

Ex. VII Arrange the following in pairs of antonyms

To ship the goods, unloading, to give, to begin, shipper, to get, to cease, consignee, to pay, to take, to receive the cargo, loading

Ex. VIII Word-formation Form nouns according to the modelmodel: to read – readerTo receive, to carry, to ship, to write, to holdmodel: to move – movementTo ship, to pay, to measure

Find the derivatives of the following words in the text of ex. III, translate themShip, receive, responsible, carry, pay, mention, connect, possess, describe, load, change

Make up compound words fromship, warehouse, lighter


1. In witness whereof the master has affirmed to 3 bills of lading.2. The carrier is not responsible for loss of goods resulting therefrom.3. The master is to make note thereof in the bill of lading.4. The shipper must inform master thereof.5. You must apply therefore to the carrier’s agency.6. The Master is to notify his agent whereof.

1. The consignee will receive the goods on payment of freight.2. On delivery her cargo the ship went to berth № 7.3. On entering the port the ship unloaded her cargo into lighters.4. On checking the goods the agent received them for shipment

1. Neither the master nor the chief mate checked the cargo.2. Neither the warehouseman nor the lighterman received the cargo.3. You must unload paper neither into lighters nor on the quay.4. The consignee paid neither freight nor any other charges.


1. The ship is now in Vladivostok, isn’t she?2. The weight isn’t checked by the carrier, is it?3. Are the goods to be carried to Vladivostok?4. Is the ship trading under the Japanese or Russian flag?5. What cargo was received for shipment?6. Where shall the responsibility of the carrier for the goods cease?7. How many bills of lading have been affirmed to?

Ex. XI Make sentences interrogative and negative

1. The cargo was shipped in good order and condition.2. The goods must be delivered to the consignee.3. Nothing shall affect the above-mentioned conditions.4. The carrier checks the cargo.

Ex. XII Put questions to the underlined words

1. The cargo was received by consignee.2. The ship must carry the goods to Bangkok.3. The responsibility of the carrier for the carriage shall cease on delivery of the

goods.4. The shipper and the receiver accept all the provisions of the bill of lading.

Ex. XIII Insert prepositions

1. The goods are shipped … good order … board the motor vessel “Seagull”.2. The ship is trading ... the Russian flag.3. The ship is now lying … Vladivostok.4. The goods must be delivered subject ... all conditions inserted … the bill of

lading.5. The cargo may be unloaded either … lighters or … the quay … Master’s op-

tion.6. The goods are to be delivered ... payment … freight.7. All charges … connection … the contract … carriage shall be paid.8. The shipper and the receiver agree … all conditions … the bill of lading.9. The master has affirmed … three bills … lading.10.One bill of lading is to be given … … exchange … goods.

Ex. XIV Insert missing words

1. The goods are … in good order and condition.2. The cargo must be delivered subject to all … of the bill of lading.3. The cargo may be unloaded either into lighters or on the quay at Master’s ...4. The goods to be delivered to the …5. All … in connection with the contract of carriage are to be paid.6. The measure of goods carried … is not checked by the carrier.7. Any holder of the bill of lading … accepts all provisions.

(option, conditions, expressly, charges, shipped, consignee, in bulk)

Ex. XV Give English equivalents to the following

Плавающий под российским флагом; получено в счёт фрахта; с соблюдением всех условий; приняты к перевозке; по выбору капитана; по уплате фрахта; причитающиеся по договору перевозки платежи; вправе обусловить; в удостоверение изложенного; в обмен на; соответствие грузов их наименованию; в надлежащем по внешнему виду состоянии; на теплоходе; вышеупомянутое пароходство; ставка фрахта; правильность маркировки; в таком же надлежащем по внешнему виду состоянии; как на лихтеры, так и на набережную; обязанности считаются прекращёнными; всегда оставаясь на плаву; вышеизложенные условия; в связи с договором перевозки; до сдачи или при сдаче груза; грузы, перевозимые внавалку; принимать все правила; в удостоверение изложенного Ex. XVI Translate into English

1. Этот груз отправлен в надлежащем по виду состоянии и условии.2. Груз принят к перевозке на борт судна “Сигалл”.3. Бумага может быть выгружена либо на лихтера, либо на причал.4. Груз должен быть доставлен в порт Находка.5. Груз сдаётся в порту по уплате фрахта.6. Ничто в этом коносаменте не изменит вышеупомянутые условия.7. Ваша компания должна оплатить все расходы, причитающиеся по

контракту перевозки.8. Вес груза не проверяется перевозчиком при погрузке.9. Грузоотправитель и грузополучатель соглашаются со всеми условиями

этого коносамента.10.В удостоверение изложенного капитан подписал три экземпляра

коносамента.11.Остальные теряют юридическую силу.12.Один экземпляр коносамента должен быть отдан в обмен на груз.

UNIT 4


Piece, signs, default, liable, agent, conceal, accuracy, exactitude, distinctive, ascer-tain, bound, quantity, entitled


pack – упаковывать indicate – указыватьpackage – пакет, тюк conceal – скрыватьpiece – грузовое место state – излагать. указыватьprovide – снабжать consent – согласие distinct – ясный, отчётливый in writing – в письменной формеsign – знак, отметка exactitude – точностьmark – маркировка regarding – относительноcm. = centimeter – сантиметр distinctive – отличительныйunfit – непригодный indemnify against – застраховать отsecurely – прочно, надёжно particulars – сведенияfasten – прикреплять furnish – представлятьlabel – ярлык, бирка be at liberty – быть вправеin default – при нарушении voyage – рейсbe liable – быть ответственным ascertain – убедитьсяlost – p.p. from lose – терять, утра- correspond – соответствовать чивать prove – оказыватьсяloss – утрата, убыток be bound – быть обязаннымdamage – ущерб correct – правильныйdelay – задержка additional – дополнительныйarise – возникать calculate – начислять, считатьresult – происходить triple – тройнойproper – надлежащий amount – суммаsufficient – достаточный quantity – количествоsufficiency – достаточность exceed – превышатьdetermine – определять fees – сборы, гонорарunsatisfactory – неудовлетворитель- surplus – излишек, избыток ный cause – вызывать, причинятьaccuracy – точность, правильность wrong - неправильныйat the risk of – на риск


1. Each package or piece must be well packed before loading and provided with distinct signs, marks and numbers with the name of the place of destination, in letters not less than five cm. long.

Packages unfit for the placing of such marks and numbers must be provided with securely fastened labels. In default of these conditions the carrier is not liable for loss or damage or delay in delivery of the goods resulting therefrom. 2. The shipper is responsible for the proper packing of the goods. The sufficiency of the packing as well as the condition of the goods uncovered shall be determined by the master, the carrier or his agent, who, should he find the covering unsatisfactory, is to make note thereof in the bill of lading. The owner of the goods shall be responsible for any loss arising from shipper’s failing to indicate or concealing the defects of packing or unsatisfactory state of the goods unpacked. 3. With shipper’s consent in writing, the goods may be carried on deck at the risk of the owner of goods. 4. The owner of the goods is responsible to the carrier for the accuracy and exac-titude of the shipper’ declaration regarding the inner and outer condition of the goods, their packing and distinctive signs, and the owner of the goods shall indemnify the carrier against all loss, damages and expenses, arising or resulting from inaccuracy, inexactitude and insufficiency in such particulars, as furnished by the shipper. 5. The carrier shall be at liberty at the place of loading or discharging as well as during the voyage to ascertain whether the contents of the goods correspond with their description. If the description of the goods, whether packed or unpacked, as shown on this bill of lading proves to be incorrectly stated, the owner of the goods is bound to pay the carrier double difference between the full freight on the correct de-scription of the goods for the whole voyage with additional charges, and the amount calculated under the incorrect statements of the shipper. If the number of animals loaded on board by shipper’s means proves to be incor-rectly stated, the owner of the goods shall pay the carrier triple freight on the quantity exceeding as well as all additional charges and fees. The carrier shall be entitled to check in the port of destination the weight as de -clared by the shipper and if a surplus is found, double freight shall be paid for it. The shipper is liable to the carrier for any loss or damage to the ship or cargo and for all other expenses, caused by the wrong description or denomination of goods, and all costs and expenses of weighing and checking the goods shall be payable by the owner of goods, if the weight and/or description on the bill of lading be wrongly stated.

Ex. IV Translate the verbs and give the three forms of some of them

Pack, find, arise, provide, indicate, conceal, carry, fasten, show, pay, prove, cause, state, cover, fail, sign, result from, determine, declare, indemnify, furnish, ascertain, correspond, calculate, denominate, weigh


Must be well packed; must be provided with distinct signs; the place of destination; in letters not less than five cm. long; unfit for such marks; securely fastened labels; in default of these conditions; the carrier is not liable; delay in delivery; resulting there-

from; proper packing; the sufficiency of packing; as well as; shall be determined by the master; to make note thereof; the shipper failed to indicate; at the risk of the owner of the goods; declaration regarding condition of the goods; distinctive signs; to indemnify against damages; particulars furnished by the shipper; to be at liberty; to correspond with the description; proves to be incorrectly stated; double difference; loaded by shipper’s means; the quantity exceeding; the shipper is liable to the carrier for; wrong denomination


Discharging, to be responsible for, captain, to indicate, unpacked, properly, correct, number, consignee, uncovered, receiver, unloading, securely, master, to show, to be liable for, right, quantity, amount, to state


Well, unloading, unfit, uncovered, satisfactory, indicate, unpacked, inner, inaccuracy, sufficiency, wrongly, insufficiency, packed, conceal, correctly, accuracy, badly, dis-charging, covered, unsatisfactory, fit, outer

Ex. VIII Word-formation Give the derivatives of the following words; translate themPack, secure, sufficient, cover, exact, accurate, declare, distinct, describe, add, to weigh, pay, describe, wrong


1. He failed to furnish all the documents.2. He failed in mathematics.3. Don’t fail to ring me up.4. She failed to see the difference between these words.

1. I don’t know whether the goods will be packed well.2. He wants to know whether they work here.3. I don’t remember if she has taken the book or if she has left it at home.4. I wonder if she knows French.5. You must ascertain whether the goods correspond with their description.

1. He proved to be a good student.2. The weight of the cargo proved to be wrongly stated.3. The experiment proved to be a success.4. The book proved to be very important.5. He proves to speak English well.

1. The man translating the article is our teacher.2. Give the book to the boy sitting at the table.3. I don’t know the student asking questions.4. You must speak to the man checking the goods.5. The shipper is responsible for any loss arising from insufficiency of marks.


1. Is the carrier responsible for the proper packing?2. May the goods be carried on deck?3. Shall the carrier be at liberty to check the goods?4. Is the shipper responsible for proper packing or is the carrier?5. Shall the owner pay triple or double freight if a surplus is found?6. What must packages be provided with before loading?7. In what cases are packages provided with labels?8. Who is responsible for the proper packing of goods?9. Who determines the sufficiency of packing?10.At whose risk are the goods carried on deck?11.When does the owner of the goods pay triple freight?12.What expenses must the owner of the goods pay if the weight of the goods is

wrongly stated?


1. The packages must be well packed.2. The shipper is responsible for the proper packing of goods.3. The carrier shall be at liberty to check the goods.4. The shipper pays double freight for it.


1. He must write the name of the place of destination on the packages.2. The shipper is responsible for the proper packing of the goods.3. The carrier is at liberty to check the goods during the voyage.4. The owner of the goods pays double freight if a surplus is found.5. The shipper is liable for all expenses caused by the wrong description of goods.


1. Each package must be provided … distinct signs … letters 5 cm. long.2. … default … these conditions the carrier is not liable … delay … delivery …

the goods.3. The sufficiency … packing shall be determined …the master.4. … shipper’s consent … writing the goods may be carried … deck.5. These goods are carried … the risk … the owner … the goods.

6. The owner … the goods shall indemnify the carrier … all damages resulting … insufficiency … packing.

7. The carrier shall be … liberty to check the goods.8. The owner must pay the amount calculated … the correct statement … the

shipper.9. The owner shall pay triple freight … the quantity exceeding.10.The shipper is liable … the carrier … any loss or damage … the ship or cargo

and … all other expenses, caused … the wrong description … goods.

Ex. XIV Insert missing words

1. Each package must be … with distinct marks and numbers.2. In default of these … the carrier is not liable for damage to the goods.3. The sufficiency of packing is determined by the … 4. The carrier is to make note thereof in the …5. With … consent in writing , goods may be carried on …6. The … is responsible for the shipper’s declaration regarding their packing.7. The carrier shall be … to check the weight of the cargo.8. The shipper must pay all … charges.9. Double freight shall be … for it.10.The expenses are caused by … description of goods.

(Bill of lading, owner of the goods, at liberty, wrong, provided, master, conditions, shipper’s, paid, additional, on deck)


Место назначения; непригодный для таких маркировок; при нарушении этих условий; определяется капитаном; сделать пометку об этом; на риск владельца груза; заявление относительно условий груза; застраховать от потерь; соответствовать описанию; по превышающему количеству; грузоотправитель несёт ответственность перед перевозчиком за…; должны быть хорошо упакованы; должны быть снабжены чёткими отметками; буквами 5 см. высотой; прочно прикреплённые бирки; перевозчик не несёт ответственность; задержка в достав- ке; надлежащая упаковка; достаточность упаковки; так же, как; грузоотправитель не указал; сведения, представленные грузоотправителем; оказывается неправильно указанным; двойная стоимость разницы; погруженный средствами грузоотправителя;

Ex. XVI Translate into English

1. Все грузовые места должны быть снабжены чёткой маркировкой перед погрузкой.

2. Некоторые пакеты должны иметь прочно прикреплённые бирки.3. Грузоотправитель несёт ответственность за надлежащую упаковку.

4. Груз может перевозиться на палубе на риск грузоотправителя с его письменного согласия.

5. Грузовладелец несёт ответственность перед перевозчиком за точность заявления грузоотправителя относительно состояния грузов.

6. Грузовладелец платит тройной фрахт за количество животных, превышающее указанное число.

7. Перевозчик вправе проверить вес груза в порту назначения.8. Если вес указан неправильно, то грузовладелец оплачивает все расходы

по проверке груза.

Ex. XVII Say a few words about every term of the document of ex. III

UNIT 5


Required, excise, verify, accuracy, sufficiency, liability, deterioration, ascertained, occur, depreciation, consigned, agency, executed, reimburse


denominate – обозначать, называть, c.o.d.– наложенным платежом давать наименование previously – предварительно, ранееhand over – вручать, передавать forward – направлять, препровож-require – требовать дать, отправлятьcustoms – таможня issue – издаватьexcise – акцизный on the issue – при выдачеrule – правило, положение dispose of – распоряжатьсяunder duty – обязан holder – держательverify – сверять in due course – должным образом, discharge from liability – освобо- официально ждать от ответственности provided – при условииdue – причитающийся, должный produce – представлятьcollect – собирать, взыскивать bail – залогapprehend – опасаться entitled – уполномоченный, право-rapid – быстрый мочныйdeterioration – порча demand – требоватьowing to – вследствие, по причине departure – отход, отъездthanks to – благодаря, из-за intermediate – промежуточныйvalue – ценность state – излагать, указыватьoccur – происходить execute – исполнять, выполнятьevaporation – испарение exempt – освобождатьscattering – россыпь, утруска reserve – сохранять, резервироватьbreakage – поломка original – первоначальныйleakage – утечка stipulate – оговаривать, обусловли-depreciation – обесценение вать consigned –отправлять, адресовать reimburse – возмещатьcash – наличные деньги


6. Not later than 24 hours before the beginning of loading of the goods as denom-inated in the bill of lading the shipper must hand over to the carrier at the place of shipment all documents required by the harbour, customs, sanitary, excise and any other rules. The carrier is not under duty to verify the accuracy and the sufficiency of these documents and shall be discharged from all liability for any loss of, or damage to such goods, resulting from inaccuracy or insufficiency or delay in delivery of these documents. 7. Freight and other charges due under the contract of carriage shall be payable to the carrier at the place of shipment. Freight and all additional charges fully or partly unpaid at the time of shipment to be collected from the receivers of goods. Freight and other charges in connection with carriage of goods must be fully paid up to the carrier ship or goods lost or not lost. If possible damage to carrier’s interests at the place of destination be apprehended, freight and any other charges to be altogether fully paid at the place of shipment, particularly: a) if the goods delivered for shipment are subject to rapid deterioration;

b) if, owing to the small value of goods, they cannot cover the freight and all charges in connection with carriage of same; c) if, owing to the insufficiency of packing ascertained in accordance with para-graph 2 of these rules, there may occur loss, evaporation, scattering, breakage or leak-age of goods or part thereof, or depreciation of same; d) for carriage of animals; e) for goods carried on deck; f) for goods consigned to ports where there are no agencies of the carrier. 8. Carrier’s liability for the goods carried cash on delivery (c.o.d.) without previ-ously collecting the amount forwarded cannot exceed the same. 9. On the issue by the carrier, his agent or master of the ship of the bill of lading the right of disposing of goods (readdressing) belongs to the shipper or to the receiver of goods or to any holder in due course of the bill of lading provided he produces all issued copies of the bill of lading or sufficient bail. The person entitled to dispose of the goods may demand the redelivery of same at the place of shipment before ship’s departure, or the delivery of goods at some in-termediate port or the delivery of goods to a person other than the one stated in the bill of lading. The said demand shall be expressed in writing to the carrier’s agency at the port of loading. If however such orders cannot be executed, the carrier is exempt from responsibility but reserves the right to collect the full amount of freight as origi-nally agreed. The owner of the goods must also pay the difference of freight if the same exceeds the freight stipulated for shipment to original port of destination and re-imburse to the carrier all expenses, resulting from readdressing of goods. Ex. IV Translate the verbs and give the three forms of some of them

Begin, denominate, hand over, require, verify, result from, delay, deliver, pay, add, collect, lose, apprehend, deliver, deteriorate, cover, connect, ascertain, occur, scatter, break, consign, forward, issue, dispose, readdress, belong, hold, produce, demand, depart, state, express, execute, exempt, reserve, exceed, stipulate, reimburse, depart, state, express, execute, exempt, reserve, exceed, stipulate, reimburse


Not later than 24 hours before the beginning of loading, the goods as denominated in the bill of lading, place of shipment, fully or partly unpaid, to be discharged from lia-bility, due under the contract of carriage, additional charges, ship or goods lost or not lost, the place of destination, to be subject to rapid deterioration, to cover the freight, in accordance with paragraph, goods consigned to ports, cash on delivery, on the is-sue of the bill of lading, the right of disposing of goods, provided he produces all copies of the bill of lading, to demand the redelivery of goods, before ship’s depar-ture, must be expressed in writing, exempt from responsibility, the freight stipulated for shipment, reimburse all expenses

Ex. VI Say in one word

A person shipping goods; a person receiving goods; transportation of cargo; the head of the ship; goods loaded without any packing; to stow the cargo aboard the ship; the agreement on carriage of goods; something mentioned before; the money paid for carriage of goods; the building in which the goods are stored; the boat into which the cargo is unloaded; not to show something; something taken twice; papers required by harbour, customs, sanitary and other rules; the delivery of the same goods to another place; the money spent on something

Ex. VII Give antonyms of

Loading, consignee, place of shipment, accuracy, to lose, insufficiency, fully, unpaid, small, departure, exempt from responsibility

Ex. VIII Word-formation Form nounsTo ship, to carry, accurate, liable, to lose, to damage, insufficient, to delay, to deliver, to connect, to issue, to copy, to state, responsible, to differForm adjectivesAccuracy, sufficiency, liability, add, fully, responsibility, differForm adverbsFull, previous, regular, active, close, sure, sudden, real, wide


1. This lesson is more important than that one.2. This exercise is more difficult than the one we did yesterday.3. The book is not very interesting. Please give me another one.4. This cargo is better than the one we unloaded yesterday.5. You must not give the cargo to a person other than the one stated in the bill of

lading.


1. The carrier isn’t under duty to verify the documents, is he?2. The right of disposing of goods belongs to the carrier, doesn’t it?3. Shall the freight be payable at the place of shipment or at the place of destina-

tion?4. Are vegetables subject to rapid deterioration?5. Is the carrier under duty to verify the documents?6. When must the shipper hand over to the carrier all documents?7. Who pays freight and all additional charges fully or partly unpaid at the time of

shipment?8. In what cases must the freight be fully paid at the place of shipment?9. When may the shipper demand the redelivery of goods?

10.In what way must that demand be expressed?


1. The carrier is under duty to verify the accuracy of documents.2. Freight shall be payable at the place of shipment.3. All charges must be fully paid ship or goods lost or not lost.4. The right of disposing of goods belongs to the shipper.


1. All documents must be given to the carrier before loading.2. The carrier is not under duty to verify the accuracy of documents.3. All charges due under the contract of carriage shall be payable at the place of

shipment.4. Freight partly unpaid shall be collected from the receiver of goods.5. If possible damage to cargo be apprehended, freight must be fully paid at the

place of shipment


1. All documents must be handed over … carrier … the place of shipment.2. The carrier shall be discharged … liability ... any loss … goods resulting … in-

sufficiency … these documents.3. All charges due … the contract … carriage shall be payable … the carrier.4. These goods are subject … rapid deterioration.5. The value …some goods cannot cover all charges … connection … carriage …

same.6. The cargo must be carried … accordance … all terms … this bill … lading.7. These goods are carried cash … delivery.8. The right … disposing … goods belongs … the shipper.9. This demand shall be expressed … writing.10.The carrier is exempt … responsibility … these goods.11.The owner … goods must reimburse … the carrier all expenses resulting …

readdressing … goods.

Ex. XIV Insert the proper words

1. All documents must be given to the carrier (before, after) the beginning of loading.

2. The carrier (must, is not under duty to) verify the accuracy of documents.3. The carrier is (responsible, discharged from liability) for loss of goods result-

ing from insufficiency of documents.4. Freight must be paid at the place of (shipment, destination).

5. For carriage of animals freight must be (partly, fully) paid at the place of ship-ment.

6. The right of disposing of goods belongs to the (shipper, carrier).7. The shipper may demand the redelivery of goods (after, before) ship’s depar-

ture.8. The said demand (can, must) be expressed in writing to the agency.9. The (owner of the goods, shipper) pays the difference between the first con-

tract and the new one.


До отправления судна; быть освобождённым от ответственности; возместить все расходы; при условии, что он представит все экземпляры коносамента; право распоряжаться грузами; потребовать переадресовку грузов; должен быть подан в письменной форме; фрахт, обусловленный за перевозку; не позже, чем за 24 часа до начала погрузки; место отправки; дополнительные расходы; причитающийся по контракту перевозки; задержка в доставке; полностью или частично неоплаченный; грузы, поименованные в коносаменте; независимо от того, утрачены судно или груз или нет; покрывать фрахт; грузы, адресованные в наши порты; наложенным платежом; при выдаче коносамента; при условии, что он представит; распоряжения не могут быть выполнены; сохраняет за собой право; по первоначальному соглашению; в результате переадресовки; место назначения; в соответствии с параграфом; подвергаться быстрой порче


1. Фрахт должен быть полностью оплачен в месте отправки.2. Все документы должны быть представлены перевозчику за 24 часа до

начала погрузки.3. Перевозчик не обязан проверять правильность документов.4. Перевозчик не несёт ответственности за утрату грузов из-за задержки в

доставке документов.5. Частично неоплаченный фрахт должен быть взыскан с грузополучателя.6. Если груз подвержен быстрой порче, то фрахт должен полностью опла-

чиваться в месте отправки груза.7. Эти грузы перевозятся наложенным платежом.8. Право распоряжаться грузом принадлежит грузоотправителю или

грузополучателю.9. Грузоотправитель может заявить переадресовку груза до отправления

судна.10.Вышеуказанная просьба подаётся в письменной форме.11.Грузоотправитель оплачивает разницу между первоначальным

контрактом и новым.

Ex. XVII Say a few words about every term of the document of ex. III

UNIT 6


Event, blockade, authorities, causes, beyond, apply, comply, incurred, inserted, pur-pose, deviation, reasonable, infringement, breach, liable, auxiliary, arrival

Ex II Read the vocabulary, try to remember itevent – случай customs – обычаи, принятая прак- restraint – запрет тикаbeyond – вне, сверх current – текущийacts of war – военные действия deviation – отклонениеcause – причина save – спасатьport of call – порт захода attempt – пытатьсяdesire – желать property – имуществоapply – обращаться reasonable – обоснованныйshould – если deem – считать, рассматривать comply – соглашаться infringement – нарушение, искаже-request – просьба ниеland – выгрузить breach – нарушениеbelong – принадлежать tackles – оборудование, талиincur – нести (расходы) auxiliary – вспомогательныйinsert – включать craft – флотaccount – счёт interruption – перерыв, остановка forced – вынужденный except – исключатьstorage – хранение quay – причал, набережнаяinclude – включать take delivery – приниматьlocal – местный fit – подходящий, целесообразныйEx. III Read and translate the document

10. If, in the event of blockade, restraint of authorities, acts of war, ice and any other causes beyond carrier’s control, the goods cannot be discharged at the port of destination without risk to ship and cargo, the carrier is entitled to land the goods at one of the nearest ports of call where possible at shipper’s risk and expense, and to inform the shipper thereof. If the shipper desires to land the carried goods at original port of destination he has to apply therefore in writing to the carrier’s agency at the port of loading. Should the carrier be able to comply with this request the goods shall be forwarded to origi-nal port of destination under a new bill of lading on a ship belonging either to the car-rier or to another owner. All payments and freight unpaid under the old bill of lading, as well as all expenses incurred by the carrier, to be inserted in the new bill of lading beyond the freight and charges due on account of such new carriage. If in a port of forced discharging there are no carrier’s warehouses, or if these warehouses cannot be used for the said purpose, the goods shall be delivered by the

carrier for storage to local warehouses or to any other places in accordance with the customs of the port and at the current rates. 11. Any deviation of the ship from the contract voyage for the purpose of saving or attempting to save life or property at sea, or any other reasonable deviation, as well as calling at ports in any order shall not be deemed to be an infringement or breach of the contract of carriage, and the carrier shall not be liable for any loss or damage re-sulting therefrom. 12. The goods shall be loaded and discharged as fast as the ship can deliver or take them, on or from the ship’s tackles or any auxiliary craft, without interruption by day and night, Sundays and Holidays not excepted, and the owner of goods shall be liable to the carrier for all loss or damage incurred in default thereof. Should the goods not be received by their owner in accordance with this clause or if he fails to appear to take delivery of the goods immediately on the ship’s arrival, the master or carrier’s agent shall be at liberty to put the goods into craft and/or land the same on the quay at the expense and risk of the owner of goods, as the master or carrier’s agent may think fit. Ex. IV Translate the verbs

Entitle, land, call (at a port), desire, apply, comply, forward, belong, incur, insert, store, collect, include, use, deliver, deviate, save, attempt, deem, infringe, interrupt, except, appear, arrive, fit


In the event of blockade, acts of war, beyond carrier’s control, without risk to ship and cargo, to land the goods, at shipper’s risk and expense, original port of destina-tion, to apply to carrier’s agency, to comply with the request, to forward the goods to, under a new bill of lading, ship belonging to the carrier, to be inserted in the new bill of lading, due on account of cargo, port of forced discharging, no charge is to be made, three storage days, the said purpose, local warehouse, in accordance with, cus-toms of the port, deviation from the contract voyage, saving life at sea, reasonable de-viation, to call at ports in any order, shall not be deemed to be an infringement, as fast as the ship can take them, on or from the ship’s tackles, auxiliary craft, without inter-ruption by day and night, Sundays and Holidays not excepted, if he fails to appear to take delivery of the goods, on ship’s arrival, to put the goods into craft, as the master may think fit


Cargo, to be responsible, to be at liberty, to land the goods, to desire, expenses, to be inserted, to be bound, fast, discharged from liability, default, immediately, to be enti-tled, to want, to be included, to be under duty, to be exempt from responsibility, goods, to be liable for, to discharge the cargo, charges, breach, at once, quickly


To discharge, the port of destination, with, nearest, possible, to inform, new, to be li-able for, fast, auxiliary, day, farthest, impossible, to be discharged from liability, main, to load, the port of shipment, without, to conceal, old, slowly, night

Ex. VIII Word-formation Form nouns (model: pass – passage): break, store, use, stow (model: pay – payment): move, develop, fulfill, agreeForm words of the some root: carry, with, destiny, ship, request, pay, force, store, deviate, interrupt, arrive

Ex. IX Translate the expressions into Russian; find the situations in which they are used in the bill of lading

1. to be responsible for; to be liable for2. to be at liberty; to be entitled3. to be bound; to be under duty4. to be discharged from liability; to be exempt from responsibility

Ex. X Translate the sentences into Russian

1. No exercises are to be done.2. No books are to be given to him.3. No charge is to be made for this cargo.4. No goods are to be discharged into lighters.5. No deviation from the contract voyage is to be made.

1. The sufficiency of packing shall be determined by the master.2. The owner of the goods shall be responsible for shipper’s concealing the de-

fects of packing.3. The carrier shall not be responsible for any loss of the cargo.4. The owner shall pay triple freight for it.5. Unpaid freight shall be inserted in the new bill of lading.6. The said demand shall be expressed in writing.7. The goods shall be loaded as fast as the ship can take them.

1. I’ll come as soon as I can.2. This cargo must be delivered as soon as possible.3. You must learn as much as you can.4. The owner of the goods must appear to take delivery of the goods as soon as

possible.5. The students must learn as many words as possible.

Ex. XI Answer the questions

1. Are the goods stored free of charge during 3 or 5 days in the port of forced dis-charging?

2. Is the deviation of the ship for saving life an infringement of the contract?3. Must the goods be loaded and unloaded on Sundays and Holidays?4. Where must the goods be discharged if they cannot be discharged at the port of

destination?5. At whose risk are the goods discharged there?6. Where are the goods stored in a port of forced discharging?7. How many storage days are free of charge in a port of forced discharging?8. Where must the goods be stored if there are no carrier’s warehouses?9. What deviation from the contract voyage is called reasonable?10.What must the carrier do if the owner of goods fails to appear to take delivery

of the goods?11.At whose risk are the goods unloaded in that case?

Ex. XII Make sentences interrogative and negative

1. The goods can be discharged at the port of destination.2. This port collects charges for five storage days.3. There are some carrier’s warehouses in this port.4. This deviation shall be deemed to be an infringement.

Ex. XIII Put questions to the underlined words

1. In the event of blockade, act of war, ice and other causes the goods cannot be discharged at the port of destination.

2. The goods must be landed there at shipper’s risk.3. The storage for the period over five days is to be included in the new bill of

lading.4. The goods shall be delivered to local warehouses.5. Attempting to save life at sea is a reasonable deviation from the contract voy-

age.6. If the owner doesn’t come to take delivery of the goods the carrier may land

them into craft.7. The carrier puts the goods into craft or lands the same on the quay.

Ex. XIV Insert prepositions

1. The goods cannot be discharged there … risk … the ship and cargo.2. The goods are landed there … shipper’s risk and expense.3. The carrier is able to comply … this request.4. The goods shall be forwarded … original port … destination … a new bill of

lading.

5. The goods are stored … the carrier’s warehouses.6. No charge is to be made … three storage days.7. The storage … five days is to be included … the new bill of lading.8. The goods shall be delivered … the carrier … storage …local warehouses …

accordance … the customs … the port.9. Reasonable deviation … the contract voyage is not an infringement … the con-

tract.10.The carrier shall not be liable … any loss resulting therefrom.11.The goods shall be loaded … or … the ship’s tackles … interruption … day

and night.12.The goods are not received … their owner …accordance …this clause.13.The owner didn’t take delivery … the goods immediately … ship’s arrival.14. The carrier must land the goods … the quay … the expense and risk … the

owner of goods.

Ex. XV Insert the proper words

1. Restraint of authorities, acts of war, ice are (beyond, under) carrier’s control.2. If the goods cannot be discharged at the port of destination they must be dis-

charged at (any, nearest) port.3. The goods are landed at (shipper’s, carrier’s) risk in that case.4. The goods shall be forwarded to original port of destination under (old, new)

bill of lading.5. In a port of forced discharging no charge is to be made for (five, three) storage

days.6. The goods are landed on the quay at the expense and risk of the (carrier, owner

of goods)

Ex. XVI Give English equivalents to the following

Согласиться с просьбой; на риск и расходы отправителя; без риска для судна или груза; вне контроля перевозчика; обратиться в агентство перевозчика; первоначальный порт назначения; выгрузить грузы; военные действия; в случае блокады; местные склады; никакой платы не взимается за первые три дня хранения; на судне, принадлежащем либо перевозчику, либо другому владельцу; переправить грузы; по новому коносаменту; быть включенным в новый коносамент; причитающийся по счёту перевозки; порт вынужденной разгрузки; вышеуказанная цель; так быстро, как только судно может взять их; заходить в порты в любом порядке; не будет рассматриваться как нарушение; обоснованное отклонение; спасение жизни на море; в соответствии с обычаями порта; отклонение от контракта перевозки; непрерывно днём и ночью; если он не явится получить груз по прибытии судна; выгрузить на вспомогательный флот; как посчитает удобным капитан; не исключая воскресные и праздничные дни

Ex. XVII Translate into English

1. Если груз не может быть выгружен в порту назначения, то он выгружается в одном из ближайших портов.

2. В этом случае груз выгружается на риск и расходы отправителя.3. Грузоотправитель желает выгрузить груз в первоначальном порту

назначения.4. Все платежи должны быть включены в новый коносамент.5. В порту вынужденной разгрузки грузы хранятся в складах перевозчика.6. Плата не взимается за первые 5 дней хранения.7. Грузы доставляются в местные склады или другие места в соответствии с

принятой практикой порта.8. Любое обоснованное отклонение от рейса не является нарушением

контракта.9. Отклонение от рейса с целью спасения жизни или имущества на море

есть обоснованное отклонение.10.Грузы должны быть погружены и выгружены так быстро, как судно

может сделать это.11.Погрузка должна производиться непрерывно днём и ночью, не исключая

воскресные и праздничные дни.12.Если грузовладелец не явится за получением груза сразу же по приходу

судна, перевозчик вправе выгрузить груз на причал.

Ex. XVIII Translate the message

M/v new star owing impossibility reaching your port account heavy ice please inform according contract terms other safe port suggest proceeding to Nakhodka waiting your definite instructions = master

UNIT 7


Lien, whatsoever, aforesaid, auction, notified, expiration, proceeds, prima facie, evi-dence, partial, receipt, errors, arrears, seaworthy, diligence

Ex. II Read the vocabulary, try to remember it

lien – залоговое право, право за- evidence – доказательство, свиде- держания груза тельствоuntil = till – до тех пор, пока partial – частичныйrelation – отношение be not apparent – не может быть об-

handling – обработка наруженif the case may be – если имеет ме- customary – обычный сто такой случай receipt – получение. распискаcustoms duties – таможенные по- notice – извещение шлины tariff – тариф, ставкаtax – налог, сбор error – ошибкаwhatsoever – какой бы ни arrears –недоимка, задолженностьwithin – в пределах overcharges – переплатаclaim – востребовать seaworthy – пригодный к плаванию,public auction – аукцион в мореходном состоянииnotify – извещать, уведомлять to man – укомплектовать личным expiration – истечение составомproceeds – вырученные от продажи to equip – оборудовать деньги chamber – помещениеcosts – издержки cool chamber – холодильникsale – продажа reception – приёмsum – сумма preservation – сохранениеin respect – в отношении provisions – условия, оговоркиunclaimed – невостребованный latent – скрытый, внутреннийrecover – возместить discoverable – обнаруживаемыйunless – если не subject to – с соблюдениемremoval – снятие by due diligence – при должном prima facie – очевидное, первейшее внимании


13. The carrier shall have a lien upon the goods for and until payment of freight and all charge and expenses due under the contract of carriage and in relation to the handling of the goods during the voyage, as well as, if the case may be, customs du-ties and taxes of any kind whatsoever. 14. If within two months after the ship’s arrival at the port of destination the goods have not been claimed and/or their owner has not covered all amounts as afore-said in paragraph 13, the carrier shall be at liberty to sell the goods by public auction whereof the shipper shall be notified in writing. Unclaimed goods subject to deterio-ration may be sold before the expiration of two months. The proceeds shall be used for covering the total charges, costs and expenses due to the carrier on custody, stor-age and sale of unclaimed goods, and if the proceeds fail to cover all sums due to the carrier in respect of said goods, the carrier shall be entitled to cover the difference from the owner of goods. 15. Unless notice of loss or damage or delay in delivery of goods be given the carrier before or at the time of the removal of the goods, such removal shall be prima facie evidence of the delivery by the carrier of the goods in accordance with all terms and conditions of the bill of lading.

If partial loss or damage be not apparent by customary delivery of goods the no-tice may be given to the carrier by the receiver of goods within three days after their receipt. In the aforesaid cases the notice must be given in writing. 16. If wrong tariffs or rates of freight are applied or in the event of errors in cal-culating freight or other charges, the arrears must be paid to the carrier and over-charges must be returned by the carrier. The carrier is entitled to recover the arrears from overcharges and any other amount due by him to the owner of goods. 17. The carrier shall be bound before and at the beginning of the voyage, to make the ship seaworthy, properly man, equip, and supply the ship and make the holds, re-frigerating and cool chambers fit and safe for reception, preservation and carriage of cargo. Subjects to the provisions of this paragraph the carrier shall be discharged from liability for latent defects not discoverable by due diligence. Ex. IV Translate the verbs and give the three forms of some of them

Handle, arrive, claim, cover, sell, notify, expire, fail, recover, remove, apply, calcu-late, return, man, equip, supply, discover


Have a lien upon the goods; until the payment of freight; charges and expenses; due under the contract of carriage; in relation to the handling of goods; taxes of any kind whatsoever; within two months; arrival at the port of destination; goods have not been claimed; to cover all amounts; by public auction; notify in writing; unclaimed goods; before the expiration; expenses due on custody; in respect of said goods; to re-cover the difference from the owner; notice of loss; delay on delivery; prima facie ev-idence; in accordance with; terms of the bill of lading; partial loss; customary deliv-ery; after the receipt of goods; wrong tariffs are applied; in the event of errors in cal-culating freight; arrears must be paid; overcharges must be returned; to make the ship seaworthy; to man the ship; to make the holds fit; subject to provisions of this para-graph; latent defects; not discoverable by due diligence

Ex. VI Give synonyms

Goods, amount, to cover the freight, to be at liberty, removal of goods, customary, to be bound, provisions of the paragraph

Ex. VII Give antonyms

After, arrival, the port of destination, to sell, unclaimed, total, customary, the receiver of goods, wrong, arrears, cool, safe

Ex. VIII Word-formation

Form words (model: claimed – unclaimed) covered, paid, usual, real, necessary, happy, important

(model: proper – properly) sure, strange, purpose, sudden real wide, whole

Form words of the some root:carry, pay, arrive, expire, destiny, proceed, store, sell, different, lose, own, notify, damage, delay, remove, deliver, part, custom, receive, equip, safe, preserve, liable, handle, cover, calculate, sea, proper, discover


1. He will come unless he finishes his work.2. She will come tomorrow unless she leaves for London.3. We will not deliver the cargo unless you pay freight.4. The carrier shall unload the goods on the quay unless the receiver comes to get

them.5. The goods shall be sold by public auction unless they are not claimed within

two months.6. Unless notice of loss be given at the time of removal, such removal shall be

prima facie evidence of delivery of goods in accordance with all terms of the bill of lading.

1. These goods are subject to rapid deterioration.2. This carriage is subject to B/L No. 3782.3. This case is subject to paragraph 18 of the bill of lading.4. The unclaimed goods are subject to sale by public auction.5. Subject to the provisions of this paragraph the carrier is discharged from liabil-

ity for latent defects.


1. If the goods are not claimed, the carrier is at liberty to sell them, isn’t he?2. Must the goods be claimed within two or three months?3. Is the carrier bound to make the ship seaworthy or is the shipper?4. When shall the carrier have a lien upon the goods?5. What expenses must be paid to the carrier?6. When may the goods be sold by public auction?7. What goods may be sold before the expiration of two months?8. What shall the proceeds be used for?9. Shall the difference be recovered from the shipper or from the owner of goods?10.What shall be prima facie evidence of delivery of goods?11.Who must make the ship seaworthy?

12.What must be fit for preservation and carriage of cargo?


1. The carrier shall have a lien upon the goods.2. The carrier is at liberty to sell the goods by public auction.3. The notice may be given to the carrier within three days.4. Wrong tariffs are applied in calculating freight.5. The arrears must be paid to the carrier.6. The carrier makes the ship seaworthy.7. The carrier sold the goods by public auction.


1. The carrier shall have a lien upon the goods if the freight isn’t paid.2. Freight, charges, expenses, customs duties and taxes must be paid by the owner

of goods.3. The carrier may sell the goods by public auction.4. In case of rapid deterioration the goods may be sold before the expiration of

two months.5. The removal of goods shall be prima facie evidence of the delivery of goods.6. Notice of goods must be given within three days after their receipt.7. In case of wrong tariffs the arrears must be paid to the carrier. 8. The carrier is bound to make the ship seaworthy.9. Refrigerating chambers must be fit for carriage of cargo.

Ex. XIII Insert prepositions and adverbs

1. The carrier shall have a lien … the goods … the payment … freight.2. All expenses due … the contract … carriage must be paid … the carrier.3. If … two months the goods are not claimed, the carrier is … liberty to sell the

goods … public auction.4. Goods subject … deterioration may be sold … the expiration … two months.5. The proceeds shall be used … covering the total charges.6. Such removal shall be prima facie evidence … the delivery … the carrier …

the goods.7. The goods are delivered … accordance … all terms … the bill of lading.8. The notice ... loss may be given … the receiver … three days … their receipt.9. … the event … errors … calculating freight, the arrears must be paid … the

carrier.10.The carrier must make the holds fit … carriage … the cargo.11.Subject … provisions … this term the carrier is discharged … liability … la-

tent defects.


1. The goods must be claimed (within, after) two months.2. Goods subject to rapid deterioration are sold (after, before) expiration of two

months.3. The carrier recovers the difference from (the shipper, the owner of goods).4. The (transportation, removal) of goods shall be prima facie evidence of the de-

livery of goods.5. The (arrears, overcharges) must be returned by the carrier.6. The (carrier, shipper) must properly man the ship.7. The carrier (is responsible, is discharged from liability) for latent defects of

cargo.


Прибытие в порт назначения; перевозчик будет иметь право задержания груза; расходы и платежи; всевозможные налоги; до уплаты фрахта; причитающийся по контракту перевозки; в отношении переработки грузов; в течение двух месяцев после прибытия судна; покрыть все расходы; невостребованные грузы; покрыть общие расходы; платежи, причитающиеся за хранение, складирование и продажу грузов; покрыть все суммы; грузы не были востребованы; продать грузы с аукциона; известить в письменной форме; до истечения двух месяцев; в отношении вышеуказанных грузов; востребовать разницу с владельца; извещение о потере груза; задержка в доставке; в соответствии со всеми условиями коносамента; обычная доставка груза; очевидное доказательство; частичная утрата или ущерб; после получения грузов; применяются неправильные тарифы; в случае ошибок в начислении фрахта; недоимки должны быть уплачены перевозчику; излишки должны быть возвращены; сделать судно мореходным; укомплектовать экипажем; сделать трюмы пригодными; при соблюдении условий; скрытые дефекты, не обнаруживаемые при должном внимании


1. Перевозчик имеет залоговое право на груз до уплаты фрахта.2. Перевозчик может продать грузы с аукциона.3. Скоропортящиеся грузы могут быть проданы до истечения двух месяцев.4. Вырученные деньги идут на покрытие общих расходов перевозчика.5. Снятие груза с судна является очевидным доказательством доставки

оного.6. Извещение о частичной утрате груза даётся в течение трёх дней после его

получения.7. В случае неправильных тарифов излишки должны быть возвращены

перевозчиком.

8. Перевозчик обязан перед началом рейса должным образом оборудовать судно.

9. Перевозчик освобождается от ответственности за скрытые дефекты, не обнаруживаемые при должном внимании.

UNIT 8


Force majeure, accident, navigable, humidity, authorities, quarantine, etc., omission, inherent, wastage, actually, indistinctness, remuneration

Ex II Read the vocabulary, try to remember itavoid – избегать in so far – посколькуparticularly – в частности, особенно actually – действительно, фактиче-force majeure – форс мажор (непре- ски одолимая сила) sound – крепкий, прочный, ненару-peril – опасность. риск шенный, целыйaccident – несчастный случай, ава- shortage – недостача, нехватка рия, происшествие disease – болезньfire – пожар management – управлениеhumidity – влажность, сырость stowage – укладка, штивкаauthorities – власти agreement – соглашение, догово-quarantine – карантин рённостьcommotion – волнение, смятение contradictory – противоречащийomission – упущение, недосмотр null – аннулированныйmeans – средства void – недействительныйinherent – присущий, свойственный of no effect – не имеющий силыvice – порок remuneration – возмещение, ком-wastage – изнашивание, усушка пенсацияfrom outside – снаружи, по наруж- estimate – определять, оценивать ному виду latter – последний (из двух указан-under the nature – по природе ных)


18. The carrier shall be responsible for loss of, or damage to, the goods as well as for delay in delivery of the same unless loss or damage or delay has arisen or resulted from causes which could not have been avoided by carrier’s due diligence, particu-larly from: a) force majeur; b) perils, dangers and accidents of the sea or other navigable waters; c) fire, effect of temperature, air, humidity; d) acts and orders of authorities (arrest or restraint, quarantine, etc.)

e) acts of war and people’s commotions; f) act or omission of the shipper or receiver of the goods, in particular when the goods have been loaded by shipper’s means and/or discharged by receiver’s means; g) nature of goods (inherent vice or normal wastage) and latent defects of same; h) defects of packing not discoverable from outside or when the goods have been delivered for shipment without any packing or in packing insufficient although under the nature of goods proper packing was necessary and in so far as the damage has ac-tually resulted from absence or insufficiency of packing, or if, in the case of sound packages, a shortage and/or non-correspondence of contents with their description as in the bill of lading has been found; i) insufficiency or indistinctness of marks; j) disease or death of carried animals; k) act or omission of the master, crew and pilot in the navigation or in the man-agement of the ship except, however, act or omission in relation to the reception, loading, stowage, custody, care, discharge and delivery of goods; l) saving or attempting to save life, ship or goods. Any clause or agreement in regard to the liability for the time from the moment of loading of goods and until the goods are discharged, contradictory to the rules of this article, shall be null and void and of no effect. 19. The remuneration of the owner of goods per each lost or damaged package or unit shall be estimated in accordance with their value at the port of ship’s destination on the day when the latter has arrived or must have arrived, but cannot exceed 1000 rubles, unless the value of such goods has been declared by the shipper and inserted in the bill of lading Ex. IV Translate the verbs and give the three forms of some of them

Delay, deliver, arise, result, avoid, omit, discover, ship, result, find, stow, care, save, void, estimate, arrive, exceed declare, insert


The carrier shall be responsible for; damage has arisen from; causes which could not have been avoided; carrier’s due diligence; force majeure; navigable waters; affects of temperature; acts and orders of authorities; acts of war; goods loaded by shipper’s means; nature of goods; normal wastage; goods delivered for shipment; under the na-ture of goods; damage has actually resulted from absence of packing; sound pack-ages; non-corresponding of contents with their description; act or omission of the master; in relation to; in regard to the liability; contradictory to the rules; in accor-dance with the value of goods

Ex. VI Arrange the following in pairs of synonymsTo be responsible for, goods, to arise, perils, to discharge, proper, disease, to esti-mate, unit, to arrive, to be inserted, cargo, to value, piece, to be included, to be liable for, to result, danger, to unload, good, illness, to come


To lose, diligence, due, shipper, to load, outside, without, insufficient, proper, necessary, sound, death, to arrive, to find, undue, with, unnecessary, broken, carelessness, receiver, to discharge, inside, sufficient, improper, birth, to leave


Form nounsResponsible, to lose, to damage, to live, diligent, navigable, to omit, to waste, to pack, short, to correspond, to describe, to die, to manage, to stow, to agree, accordingForm verbsCarrier, loss, damage, delay, delivery, navigable, omission, receiver, wastage, discov-erable, shipment, packing, death, management, care, life, stowage, agreement, arrival

Ex. IX Make up sentences with the following verbs and nouns

to damage – повреждать, наносить ущерб damage – ущерб, повреждениеto cause – вызывать, причинять cause – причинаto fire – зажигать fire – пожар, огоньto effect – совершать, выполнять effect – воздействие, влияниеto act – поступать, действовать act – поступок, действие to order – распорядиться, приказывать order – распоряжение, приказto value – ценить, оценивать value – ценность Ex. X Translate the sentences into Russian

1. The work will be over as soon as you have done your part2. We will begin unloading as soon as the agent has brought the documents.3. The ship will leave the port when the cargo has been stowed.4. The carrier shall be responsible for loss unless the loss has arisen from un-

avoidable reasons.1. The goods which could not have been loaded.2. The defects of packing which could not have been noticed.3. The cargo which could not have been carried.4. Causes which could not have been avoided.


1. The carrier is responsible for loss of goods, isn’t he?2. Sometimes he is not responsible for loss of goods, is he?3. Are there any causes which cannot be avoided by carrier’s due diligence?4. Are defects of packing always discoverable from outside?5. Do damages result from insufficiency of packing?

6. What is the carrier responsible for?7. What causes cannot be avoided by carrier’s due diligence?8. How is the remuneration per lost goods estimated?9. When can the remuneration exceed 1000 roubles?


1. The carrier is responsible for damage to the goods.2. The effects of temperature could not have been avoided.3. Acts of war and normal wastage are unavoidable causes.4. Damages can result from insufficiency of packing.5. All contradictory clauses shall be null.6. The remuneration per lost goods cannot exceed 1000 roubles.


1. The carrier is responsible … loss or damage … the goods.2. The damage has arisen … causes which could not have been avoided … due

diligence.3. Accidents … the sea are unavoidable causes.4. The goods have been loaded … shipper’s means.5. These goods were delivered … shipment … any packing.6. The defects … packing are not always discoverable … … 7. It was the master’s omission … relation … the reception … goods.8. The agent must be aboard the ship … the moment … the beginning … loading

… goods … the goods have been loaded.9. All clauses contradictory … the rules … this article shall be null and … no ef-

fect.10.The remuneration … goods shall be estimated … accordance … their value.


1. The carrier is responsible for (loss, damage) to the goods.2. The loss resulted from unavoidable (acts, causes).3. These causes could not have been avoided by carrier’s due (responsibility, dili-

gence).4. The cargo has been loaded by shipper’s (means, acts).5. The defects of packing are sometimes not discoverable from (inside, outside).6. Normal (damage, wastage) is an unavoidable cause.7. Damage can result from (insufficiency, indistinctness) of packing.8. It was the omission of the master in the (navigation, navigable) of the ship.9. The value of goods must be (said, declared) by the shipper.


Перевозчик должен нести ответственность за; непреодолимая сила; погруженные средствами грузоотправителя; естественная усушка; по природе грузов; целые пакеты; задержка в доставке; повреждение возникло от причины, которых нельзя было избежать; должное внимание перевозчика; навигационные воды; действия температуры; действия и распоряжения властей; военные действия; дефекты упаковки; грузы, доставленные для перевозки без упаковки; повреждения, возникающее из-за отсутствия упаковки; действие или упущение капитана; в отношении ответственности; объявить стоимость грузов; несоответствие содержания грузов их описанию; недостаточность маркировки; в отношении чего-либо; попытка спаси жизнь; противоречащий правилам этой статьи; в соответствии со стоимостью грузов


1. Перевозчик несёт ответственность за утрату или повреждение груза.2. Повреждение появилось в результате неизбежных причин.3. Иногда повреждений нельзя избежать при должном внимании перевозчика.4. Влияния температуры и влажности нельзя избежать.5. Груз был погружен средствами грузоотправителя.6. Иногда дефекты упаковки невозможно обнаружить по внешнему виду.7. Повреждение часто происходит из-за недостаточности упаковки.8. Любой пункт, противоречащий этим правилам, должен быть аннулирован.9. Компенсация за утраченные грузы начисляется в соответствии с их

стоимостью в порту назначения.10.Компенсация не должна превышать 1000 рублей, если стоимость груза не

включена в коносамент.

Ex. XVII Learn the points of paragraph 18 and be ready to tell them

UNIT 9


Inflammable, explosive, innocuous, preliminary, existence, evidence, engine, ma-chinery, spare, gear, existence, obligation, warranty, implied, average, adjustment, dispute, determine


knowledge – знание, ведение equipment – оборудованиеat the option – по усмотрению insulation – изоляцияinflammable – воспламеняющийся fitting – оборудованиеexplosive – взрывчатый stage – стадия, этап

innocuous – безвредный warranty – гарантияrender innocuous – обезвредить express – выражатьtransship – перегрузить imply – подразумеватьpreliminary – предварительный general – общийconvey – доставить average – аварияtransfer – передать, переслать average adjustment – расчёт по об-valid – действительный щей аварииexistence – существование judge – разрешать в судебном по-final – окончательный рядке complete – полный mention – упоминатьevidence – cвидетельство determine – определять, устанавли-engine – двигатель ватьspare – запасной Merchant Shipping Code – Кодексgear – механизм Торгового Мореплавания


20. Goods shipped without the master’s knowledge shall be discharged in any port at the option of the master, and double freight due from the place of shipment up to the place of destination as well as all damages arising out of or resulting from such shipment must be paid to the carrier. 21. If goods inflammable, explosive or dangerous by their nature shall become a danger to the ship or other cargo, they may during the voyage be landed at any time and at any place or destroyed or rendered innocuous by the carrier without any com-pensation to the owner of such goods, the latter being obliged to pay the carrier the agreed freight in full. 22. The shipper is obliged to declare the exact weight of any single package over one and a half tons. These packages are to be loaded and discharged at risk and ex-pense of their owner and by heir means. 23. The carrier is at liberty, if necessary, to transship the goods from one ship to another directly or by means of preliminary discharging of said goods on quay or into lighters and/or convey the goods while loading and discharging on auxiliary craft. The carrier has also liberty to transfer the goods to ships belonging to other own-ers or to forward them by other means of transport, the provisions and clauses of this bill of lading remaining valid for the whole voyage. 24. Refrigerated goods are not received for shipment and carriage unless the ship holds the classification of the Register of Russia. The existence of such class at the time of shipment shall be deemed to be final and complete evidence as against the shipper and receiver of goods and any holder of the bill of lading that the ship, her engines and machinery, refrigerating machinery, spare gear and equipment, insulation fittings and stores both at the time of loading and during every stage of the voyage were in every respect in a fit and seaworthy condition. The existence of such class shall also be deemed to satisfy and discharge any obligation or warranty expressed or implied under this bill of lading as to provision of a seaworthy and fit ship for the whole voyage.

25. General average shall be adjusted according to York-Antwerp Rules, and the average adjustment shall be prepared in Russia. 26. All claims and disputes arising under and in connection with this bill of lad-ing shall be judged in Russia. 27. All questions and disputes not mentioned in this bill of lading shall be deter-mined according to the Merchant Shipping Code of Russia. Ex. IV Translate the verbs and give the three forms of some of them

Know, arise, pay, become, land, destroy, agree, declare, convey, belong, hold, satisfy, express, adjust, prepare, mention, determine


Shipped without master’s knowledge; at the option of the master; due from the place of shipment; damage arising out of such shipment; goods inflammable, explosive or dangerous by their nature; destroy or render innocuous; the latter being obliged to pay; declare the exact weight; by their means; transship the goods from one ship to another; directly or by means of preliminary discharging on the quay; forward the goods by other means of transport; clauses of the bill of lading remaining valid; un-less the ship holds classification; the existence of such class; final and complete evi-dence; in a fit and seaworthy condition; obligation or warranty; general average shall be adjusted; average adjustment shall be prepared; claims and disputes; shall be judged in Russia


Master, to discharge, to arise from, to land the goods, to break, separate, preliminary, to convey, condition, to prepare, to destroy, to transfer, to state, captain, to unload, to result, to get ready, single, previous


Without, to discharge, danger, dangerous, auxiliary, other, complete, shipper, fit, the same, safety, with, main, receiver, partial, to load, safe, unfit


Form nouns (model: ship – shipper)Receive, carry, teach, hold, read, write, manage, travel, strange(model: ship – shipment)manage, judge, adjust, state, equip, move, develop, require, agree, pave(model: declare – declaration)

transform, dictate, demonstrate, nominate, prepare, examine, translate, compensate, connect(model: exist – existence)occur, differ(model: break – breakage)use, short, pass, carry, store, stow, marry, leak Form verbs (model: to address – to readdress)Construct, tell, form, adjust, placeForm adverbs (model: particular – particularly)Previous, regular, attentive, close, active, real, wide, sudden sure, full, original, com-plete, part, secure, directForm adjectives(model: inflame – inflammable)adjust, pay, reason, transfer(model: act – active)distinct, construct

Give all possible derivatives; translate themPack, deliver, responsible, proper, sufficient, cover, satisfactory, own, lose, write, ac-curate, exact, declare, distinct, describe, correct, different, add, state, pay, denomi-nate, weigh, liable, ship, full, part, receive, connect, break, leak, address, agent, store, interrupt, arrive, claim, according, charges, navigate, correspond, die, manage, clas-sify exist, equip, sea, adjust

Ex. IX Find all possible word combinations in the bill of lading

For example: freight – to pay freight, collect freight, on payment of freight, unpaid freight, freight due under the contract of carriage, full amount of freight, etc.

To pay, owner, goods, carriage, loss, expenses, correct, amount, bill of lading, load-ing, to be responsible, collect, contract, risk, in accordance with, without

Ex. X Translate the sentences into Russian

1. The engines have already been delivered, all of them being in good order.2. The teacher spoke on the problems of the merchant fleet, the lecture being il-

lustrated by documents.3. The cargo was discharged very quickly, the work being done by portal cranes.

1. Both packed and unpacked goods are in good order and condition.2. Both roads and quays of this port should be reconstructed.3. I both wanted and feared to make a voyage for the first time.


1. When may the goods be discharged in any port?2. May the goods become a danger to the ship?3. What may the carrier do if dangerous goods become a danger to the ship or

other cargo?4. What freight must be paid for such goods?5. What inflammable goods do you know?6. What ships are they carried by?7. Who loads extra-weights?8. What ships may carry refrigerated goods?9. What rules adjust general average?10.Where are claims and disputes judged?11.What questions are determined according to the Merchant Shipping Code?


1. Goods shipped without master’s knowledge may be discharged at any port.2. Double freight may be paid for them.3. Dangerous goods may be destroyed.4. The shipper is obliged to declare the exact weight of extra-weights.5. The extra-weights are to be loaded by the shipper.6. Refrigerated goods are to be carried by ships holding the classification of the

Register.7. The average adjustment shall be prepared in Russia.


1. Goods shipped … master’s knowledge shall be discharged … master’s option.2. Freight due … the place of shipment … … the place … discharging must be

fully paid.3. These goods are inflammable … their nature.4. Dangerous cargo may be landed … any time and … any place.5. They may be destroyed … any compensation … the owner … such goods.6. You must pay the agreed freight … full.7. The shipper must declare the weight … the packages … one and a half tons.8. You may discharge goods … quay or … lighters.9. This cargo belongs … another owner.10.The goods were not received … shipment.11.General average shall be adjusted according … these rules.12.All disputes in connection … this contract have already been judged.


1. Goods shipped without master’s (option, knowledge) shall be discharged in any port.

2. Inflammable goods may become a (danger, dangerous) to the ship.3. Dangerous goods may be (damaged, destroyed) at any time.4. The owner pays the agreed freight (partly, in full).5. The shipper is (at liberty, obliged) to declare the exact weight of extra-weights.6. The provisions of this bill of lading remain (void, valid) for the whole voyage.7. The refrigerated goods are to be carried by (specialized, any) ships.8. General average shall be adjusted according to (York-Antwerp Rules, Mer-

chant Shipping Code).


По усмотрению капитана; отправленный без ведома капитана; быть разгруженным в любом порту; воспламеняющиеся, взрывчатые или опасные грузы; причитающийся от места отправки до места разгрузки; должен быть оплачен двойной фрахт; возникающий в результате такой перевозки; уничтожить или обезвредить; в любом месте и в любое время; стать опасным для судна или груза; опасные по своей природе; любой отдельный пакет; отправитель обязан заявить точный вес; оплатить оговоренный фрахт полностью; последний обязан оплатить; без компенсации владельцу; более полутора тонн; на риск и расходы владельца; их средствами; если это необходимо; переправить груз с одного судна на другое; передать груз на вспомогательный флот; отправить груз другими средствами транспорта; пункты коносамента остаются в силе; если судно не имеет классификации; быть окончательным и полным свидетельством; во всех отношениях в пригодном и мореходном состоянии; расчёт по общей аварии будет сделан; возникающий по этому коносаменту; в связи с; не упомянутый в этом коносаменте; определяться согласно правилам


1. Этот груз был погружен без ведома капитана.2. Воспламеняющиеся грузы могут быть уничтожены в любое время.3. Грузовладелец оплачивает фрахт полностью.4. Отправитель обязан заявить точный вес тяжёлых грузов весом более

полутора тонн.5. Перевозчик вправе перегрузить груз на другие суда.6. Рефрижераторные грузы могут перевозиться только на судах, имеющих

соответствующий класс регистра.7. Все спорные вопросы, возникающие по этому коносаменту, разрешаются в

судебном порядке в России.8. Кодекс Торгового Мореплавания регулирует все вопросы, не упомянутые в

этом коносаменте.

Ex. XVII Read and translate the letter

Vladivostok18th February, 2006

FESCO15, ul. Aleutskaya, Vladivostok

Dear sirs,I beg to inform you that among the cargo to be discharged at your port we have on board the ship several cases of machinery consigned to the Vladivostok Ship Repair-ing Yard, under bills of lading Nos. 1237, 1238 & 1239 and weighing over 4 tons each.As these weights are beyond the ship’s discharging facilities I would ask you kindly to communicate with the manager of the Yard with regard to arranging the discharg-ing of these cases on the 20th of February at 12.00 by consignee’s means.Please also advise the manager of the Yard that in accordance with the terms of the bill of lading all expenses due for handling of these extra-weights are to be paid by consignee.

Yours faithfully,S. Robinson,

master of m/v MAGNOLIA

UNIT 10

Ex I Read the vocabulary, try to remember it

notify – уведомлять, извещать stipulation – обусловливание, ого-secondhand – подержанный воркаlegal – юридический, узаконенный exception – исключениеinventory – опись surrender – сдавать(ся)gross – брутто refer – передавать на рассмотрениеsay – зд. прописью Chamber – палатаarrange – договариваться, уславли- commerce – торговля ваться accordance – соответствиеunless – если только не effect – действиеparticular – деталь, подробность subject to – при подчиненииcontents – содержание provision – положение, условиеvalue – ценность, стоимость contain – содержатьmerchant – грузовладелец certain – определённыйundertake – брать на себя обязатель- relate – относиться ства applicable – применимыйactually – фактически number – ряд, количествоaccept – принимать state – указывать

Ex. II Read and translate the document

BILL OF LADING № OT/OL – 01

Shipper: Consignee:KAIDO CO., LTD. VAZ CO., LTD.3-2, HIGASHI 1-CHOME, KITA 30 JYO, RUSSIAHIGASHI-KU, SAPPORO, JAPANNotify address:SAME AS CONSIGNEEShipowner: Flag:USTKAMCHATRYBA CO., LTD. RUSSIAVessel: Port of loading:PTR-0075 OTARU, JAPANPort of discharge: Number of Orig. Bs/L:OLGA, RUSSIA THREE (3)Kind of packages and description of goods:SECONDHAND BOAT WITH EVERYTHING TO HER AND LEGAL INVENTO-RIESGROSS TONNAGE: 19BUILT: 1998 BUILDER: KUSHIRO JUKOGYO

1 VESSEL SAY: ONE (1) VESSEL ONLY

Freight and charges AS ARRANGED____________________________________

The goods taken on board of the vessel in apparent good order and condition, un-less noted herein, at the port of loading for carriage to the port of discharge or so near thereto as she may safely get, always afloat. All particulars (weight, measure, marks, numbers, quantity, contents, value, etc.) thereof being as stated by the Merchant but unknown to the Carrier who undertakes to deliver the goods as they were actually loaded. Neither the weight nor the measure of the goods carried in bulk are checked by the carrier on loading. Any dispute arising under this Bill of Lading shall be referred to arbitration of the Maritime Arbitration Commission of the Russia Chamber of Commerce and In-dustry, 6, Kuibyshevskaia Str., Moskow, RUSSIA, in accordance with the rules of procedure of the said Commission. This Bill of Lading shall have effect subject to the provisions of the Merchant Shipping Code or the Hague Rules contained in the International Convention for the unification of certain rules relating to Bills of Lading dated 25 th August 1924, or as the case may be any other international convention applicable at the port of shipment. In witness whereof number of stated above original Bs/L have been signed; one of which being accomplished, the others to stand void. Place and date of issue: OTARU, JAPAN, AUG. 29. 2000

Ex. III Translate the verbs and give the three forms of some of them

Ship, notify, describe, state, undertake, deliver, accept, stipulate, except, incorporate, surrender, arise, refer, contain, relate, apply, state, accomplish

Ex. IV Give Russian equivalents to the following

Notify address, secondhand boat, legal inventories, unless noted herein, all particu-lars, value thereof being as stated, who undertakes to deliver the goods, in accepting this B/L, agrees to all stipulations, otherwise incorporated, must be surrendered duly endorsed, dispute arising under B/L, referred to arbitration, in accordance with the rules of procedures, the said Commission, subject to the provisions, unification of certain rules relating to B/L, applicable at the port of shipment, in witness whereof, number of stated above Bs/L, being accomplished, stand void

Ex. V Word-formation Give all possible derivatives; translate them

Ship, consign, pack, describe, measure, hand, ton, know, take, act, stipulate, except, other, apply, sign Ex. VI Finish up the sentences

1. The shipper according to this bill of lading is …2. The consignee is …3. Ustkamchatka is …4. The particulars of the cargo are …5. In accepting this B/L the Merchant accepts and agrees to al l…6. Neither the weight nor the measure of goods are checked by … 7. Any dispute shall be referred to …8. This bill of lading shall have effect subject to the provisions of …9. One Bill of Lading being accomplished, the others …

Ex. VII Make up several questions about B/L № OT/OL - 01; ask your class mates to answer them

Ex. VIII Give English equivalents to the following

Описание грузов, требующаяся по закону опись, и надлежащем по виду состоянии и условии, все подробные сведения, как указаны грузоотправителем, берёт на себя обязательства, принимает и соглашается на все оговорки, коносамент должен быть сдан, с надлежащей передаточной надписью, передавать на рассмотрение в арбитраж, в соответствии с процессуальными правилами, при подчинении положениям, относящийся к коносаменту, применяющийся в порту отправки, в удостоверение оного, потерять юридическую силу

Ex. IX Translate into English

1. Грузы получены в надлежащем по виду состоянии.2. Грузы получены для перевозки в порт разгрузки или так близко к оному,

как судно может безопасно подойти, оставаясь всегда на плаву,3. Принимая этот коносамент, грузовладелец соглашается на все оговорки,

включённые в него.4. Один коносамент с соответствующей передаточной надписью должен

быть сдан в обмен на груз.5. Вес груза, перевозимого навалом, не проверяется перевозчиком.6. Этот коносамент имеет силу при соблюдении условий Международной

Конвенции по унификации некоторых правил, относящихся к коносаментам.

7. В удостоверение изложенного было подписано вышеуказанное количество коносаментов.

8. После выдачи груза по одному из коносаментов все другие являются недействительными.

UNIT 11


definition – определение take a receipt – получитьreceiver – приёмщик fulfil(l) – выполнятьcharter – зафрахтовать claim – требовать, заявлять праваperformance – выполнение set out – излагатьevidence – засвидетельствовать lighterage – лихтеровкаscope – масштаб arrange – договориться, организоватьdirect – прямо optional – по выборуadvertise – объявлять poop – ютcustomary – обычный forecastle – бак route – путь, маршрут shelterdeck – шельтердекvia – через spare – запасной, свободныйundergo – подвергаться similar – подобныйadjust – регулировать article – предметdrydock – становиться в сухой док consolidate – объединятьtow – буксировать provide – предусматриватьaffreightment – фрахтование treat – рассматривать

Ex. II Read and translate the document (B/L № OT/OL – 01)

1. Definitions. “Carrier” means the party on whose behalf this Bill of Lading has been signed. “Merchant” includes the Charterer, the Shipper, the Receivers, the Consignee, the Holder of this Bill of Lading and the owner of the goods. “Ship” includes any vessel owned, chartered or operated by the carrier used in the performance of the Contract, evidenced by this Bill of Lading. 2. Scope of Voyage. The goods may be carried by any route whatsoever, whether or not the most direct or advertised or customary route, via any ports or places in any order whatsoever and for whatsoever purpose visited, together with other goods of every kind, dangerous or otherwise, whether stowed on or under deck. Vessels may sail with or without pilots, undergo repairs, adjust equipment, drydock and tow vessels in all situations. 3. Sub-contracting. The carrier shall be entitled to sub-contract on any terms the whole or any part of the carriage, transshipment, loading, unloading, storing, warehousing, handling and any and all duties whatsoever undertaken by the Carrier in relation to the goods. 4. Loading, Discharge and Delivery. In regard to loading and discharge this Bill of Lading is subject to the terms, conditions and exceptions of the contract of af-freightment according to which it is issued. In the absence of such an agreement the goods are received and delivered under ship’s tackle. If the Merchant fails to take receipt of the goods as stipulated above the contract of carriage shall be considered as having been fulfilled and the carrier shall be at lib-erty to put the goods into craft and/or land on the quay and/or storing, etc., as the Car-rier may think fit at the expense and risk of the Merchant. In this event the Carrier shall have the right to claim demurrage and/or discharge and store the goods as set out above. 5. Lighterage. The carrier is arranging for lighters or other transportation be-tween ship and shore, does so as the Merchant’s agent and for account and risk of the goods. 6. Optional Stowage and Deck Shipment. The carrier is at liberty to stow the goods in poop, forecastle, shelterdeck, spare bunkers or any covered space commonly used in the trade for the carriage of such goods and when so stowed shall be deemed for all purposes to be stowed under deck. Where the goods are stated herein to be re-ceived and/or shipped as deck cargo such goods are carried at Merchant’s risk, in which case the Carrier shall be under no liability for any loss or detention thereof, or damage thereto, arising from any cause whatsoever. The Carrier shall be entitled to carry goods on deck in containers, trailers, transportable tanks or similar articles of transport used to consolidate goods whether they are stowed there by him or Mer-chants. The Carrier is not required to give notice to the Merchant of any stowage and carriage as provided in this clause. These goods (containers, etc.) carried on deck

shall be treated as if they were stowed under deck and the Hague and York-Antwerp Rules as incorporated herein shall be applicable to them.

Ex. III Translate the verbs

Define, mean, sign, include, own, charter, operate, perform, advertise, stow, undergo, adjust, drydock, tow, undertake, issue, stipulate, consider, fulfil, set out, arrange, arise, consolidate, provide, treat, incorporate


“Carrier” means a party, on whose behalf, vessel owned by the carrier, in perfor-mance of the contract, evidenced by this B/L, scope of voyage, any route whatsoever, whether or not the most direct, via any ports, in any order whatsoever, undergo re-pairs, entitled to sub-contract on any terms, all duties undertaken by the carrier, sub-ject to the terms and exceptions, contract of affreightment, fails to take receipt of the goods, as stipulated above, at the expense and risk of the merchant, to claim demur-rage, covered space, commonly used, under no liability, arising from any cause, simi-lar articles, as provided in this clause

Ex. V Find the answers to the following questions in the bill of lading (ex. II)

1. What does the term “carrier” mean?2. What persons does the term “merchant” include?3. What route may the carrier use to carry the goods to destination?4. What actions may the ship take during the voyage?5. What can the carrier do if the merchant fails to take receipt of the goods?6. At whose risk are the goods unloaded in that case?7. Where can the carrier stow the goods on a ship?8. What articles of transport are used to consolidate the goods?9. What rules are applied to deck cargo?

Ex. IX Translate into English

1. Перевозчик обозначает сторону контракта, от имени которой был подписан этот коносамент.

2. Судно обозначает любое судно, используемое в выполнении этого контракта, что засвидетельствовано в данном коносаменте.

3. Грузы могут перевозиться любым путём, в любом порядке, через любые порты какие бы то ни было.

4. Судно может плавать без лоцмана, подвергаться ремонту и буксировать суда во всех ситуациях.

5. В отношении погрузки и выгрузки этот коносамент подчиняется правилам контракта перевозки, согласно которым он выдан.

6. Если получатель не может принять груз, то этот контракт считается выполненным, а груз может быть выгружен на причал на риск и расходы отправителя.

7. В этом случае перевозчик имеет право потребовать объявить судно под простоем.

8. Перевозчик имеет право укладывать грузы в помещения бака, юта, запасные танки и любое другое закрытое пространство судна.

9. Перевозчик имеет право перевозить грузы на палубе в контейнерах, трейлерах, цистернах и пр., где они укладываются им самим или отправителями.

UNIT 12


hindrance – препятствие, помеха relieve – освобождать(ся)affect – влиять, воздействовать neglect – недосмотр, невниманиеquarantine – карантин default – невыполнение обязательствlabour – рабочая сила mariner – морякtrouble – неприятность, затруднение wrongful – неправильныйstrike – забастовка lack – отсутствие, недостатокlockout – локаут inadequacy – несоответствиеcongestion – перегруженность affix – прикреплять; поставить (под-extent – мера, степень пись)event – случай, событие avoid – избегатьdue to – из-за consequence – последствиеnegligence – небрежность, халат- exercise – зд. использовать, приме- ность нятьservant – служащий reasonable – разумныйthough – хотя diligence – старание, усердиеcustody – попечение, хранение contribute – способствоватьcommence – начинаться burden – бремяrail – поручень, леер rest upon – ложиться наcease – прекращаться


7. Hindrances etc., Affecting Performance. If in the event of restraint of au-thorities, epidemic, quarantine, ice, labour troubles, strikes, lockouts, congestion and any other causes beyond Carrier’s control the goods cannot be discharged at the port of destination without risk to ship and cargo, the Carrier is entitled to land the goods at one of the nearest port of call where possible at Merchant’s risk and expense and to inform the Merchant whereof, if possible. 8. Extent of responsibility.

1) In no event shall the Carrier be liable for damage to and/or loss of goods prior to loading or after discharge, not even if such damage or loss is due to the negligence of his servants and even though the goods are in the custody of the Carrier, his agents or servants as warehousemen or howsoever. In no event shall the Carrier’s liability commence before the goods have been loaded over the ship’s rail and shall cease at the latest when goods have passed ship’s rail upon discharge. The Merchant shall be required to prove that the goods were damaged within this period of responsibility. 2) The Carrier shall however be relieved of liability for any loss or damage if such loss or damage arise or resulted from:

a) act, neglect of default of the master, mariner, pilot, or the servants of the Carrier in the navigation or in the management of the ship;

b) the wrongful act or neglect of the Merchant;c) compliance with the instructions of any person entitled to give them;d) the lack of, or defective condition of packing in the case of the goods

which, by their nature, are liable to wastage or to be damaged when not packed or when not properly packed, unless the packing had been car-ried out by Carrier;

e) handling, loading, stowage or unloading of the goods by the Merchant or any person acting on behalf of the Merchant;

f) inherent vice of goods;g) insufficiency or inadequacy of marks or numbers on the goods, covering,

or unit loads, except where they are required to be affixed by the Carrier;h) strikes or lockouts or stoppage or restraint of labour from whatsoever

cause whether partial or general;i) any other cause or event which the Carrier could not avoid and the conse-

quences whereof he could not prevent by the reasonable diligence. 3) Where under sub-clause 2 the Carrier is not under any liability in respect of some of the factors causing the loss or damage, he shall only be liable to the extent that those factors for which he is liable under this clause have contributed to the loss or damage. 4) The burden of proving that the loss or damage was due to one or more of the causes, or events, specified in a, b, c and i of sub-clause 2 shall rest upon the Carrier. Ex. III Translate the verbs and give the three forms of some of them

Affect, perform, congest, land, commence, cease, pass, require, prove, relieve, arise, result from, neglect, act, comply, entitle, affix, cause, avoid, prevent, contribute, specify, rest


In the event of restraint of authorities, causes beyond carrier’s control, is entitled to land the goods, to inform the merchant whereof, extent of responsibility, in no event, due to the negligence, in the custody of the carrier, over the ship’s rail, at the latest, be relieved of liability, wrongful act, liable to wastage, on behalf of, inherent vice, in-

adequacy of marks, are required to be affixed, whether partial or general, prevent by reasonable diligence, in respect of the factors, contributed to the loss, the burden of proving, rest upon

Ex. V Arrange the following in pairs of synonyms

Absence, arise, begin, cease, commence, degree, employee, exercise, extent, free,

lack, mariner, neglect, negligence, relieve, result, seaman, servant, stop, use

Ex. VI Arrange the following in pairs of antonyms

Assistance, cease, commence, diligence, hindrance, lack, negligence, presence, right, wrongful

Ex. VII Find the answers to the following questions in the bill of lading (ex. II)

1. What hindrances may affect performance?2. What is the carrier entitled to do in case of hindrances?3. Is the carrier liable for damage to goods prior to loading?4. When does carrier’s liability commence?5. In what cases is the carrier relieved from liability for loss of goods?6. Who must prove that the loss or damage was due to the causes specified in §2?

Ex. VIII Insert the proper words

1. Due to the … of authorities the goods cannot be discharged at the port of desti-nation.

2. The carrier is … to land the goods at the nearest port.3. In no … shall the carrier be liable for damage to the goods.4. In no event shall the carrier’s … commence before the goods have passed the

ship’s rail.5. The merchants shall be required to … that the goods were damaged.6. The carrier shall be … of liability for any loss.7. It is the event which the carrier could not … and the … whereof he could not

prevent.8. The carrier is not under any liability in respect of some factors … the loss or

damage.9. The … of proving shall rest upon the carrier.

(avoid, liability, causing, consequences, entitled, relieved, event, burden, prove, re-straint)

Ex. IX Give English equivalents to the following

В случае запрета властей, любые другие причины, вне контроля перевозчика, выгрузить груз, сообщить об этом отправителю, размер ответственности, ни в коем случае, из-за небрежности, через леера судна, будет освобождён от ответственности, неправильные действия отправителя, отсутствие упаковки, подвергаются усушке, от имени грузовладельца, свойственный порок грузов, недостаточность или несоответствие маркировки, избежать причины, предотвратить последствия, способствовали повреждению груза, бремя доказательства, лежит на перевозчикеEx. IX Translate into English

1. В случае запрета властей перевозчик вправе выгрузить груз в одном из ближайших портов на риск и расходы грузоотправителя.

2. Перевозчик должен информировать об этом грузоотправителя.3. Ни в коем случае перевозчик не несёт ответственности за повреждение

или утрату груза до погрузки или после разгрузки.4. Ответственность перевозчика начинается после того, как груз погружен

перейдя поручни судна.5. Ответственность перевозчика прекращается после того, как груз

выгружен перейдя поручни судна.6. Грузоотправителю придётся доказывать, что груз был повреждён в

пределах ответственности перевозчика.7. Перевозчик освобождается от ответственности за утрату груза, если она

произошла из-за неправильных действий грузоотправителя.8. Судно не отвечает за ущерб этому грузу, так как он произошёл из-за

недостаточности упаковки, а упаковка производилась отправителем.9. Судно не отвечает за утрату этого груза, так как она произошла по

причинам, которые перевозчик не мог избежать и последствия которых он не мог предотвратить.

10.Бремя доказательства, что ущерб грузу произошёл из-за причин, указанных в пункте 2, лежит на перевозчике.

UNIT 13


currency – валюта recklessly – опрометчиво, беспечноemunerate – указывать подробно result – последовать, произойтиi.e. = id est – то есть sealed – опечатанный, опломбиро-contents – содержание, содержимое ванныйparticulars – подробности, детали shortage – недостатокnotice – извещение receptacle – ёмкостьconsecutive – последовательный, duly – должным образом подряд occur – происходитьtime bar – срок исковой давности fault – промах, ошибка

to bring suite – предъявить иск lien – право задержания имуществаdefence – защита contribution – долевой взнос found – обосновывать general average – общая авария in fort – в силу необходимости salvage – спасение omission – упущение whomsoever – кому бы то ни было contractor – подрядчик, поставщик recovering – получение обратноcause – вызывать enforce – приводить в исполнение


9. Limitation of Responsibility. In no case shall the Carrier be liable in an amount exceeding Rbls. 250 per package or unit, or the equivalent of that sum in other currency, unless declared with the value on the Bill of Lading. When carrying loaded containers, pallets or other similar unit loads the Carrier is responsible for the number of packages enumerated in the Bill of Lading, i.e. either for the whole con-tainer (the pallet) or for its contents according to the number of packages loaded into it if such number is inserted in the Bill of Lading. In the absence of any particulars about the number of packages loaded into such container (or on the pallet) the Car-rier’s responsibility is limited only to the number of unit loads on the whole. 10. Notice of loss. Unless notice of loss of or damage to the goods and the general nature of it be given in writing to the Carrier at the place of delivery before or at the time of the removal of the goods into the custody of the person entitled to de-livery thereof under this Bill of Lading, or if the loss or damage be not apparent within three consecutive days thereafter, such removal shall be prima facie evidence of the delivery by the Carrier of the goods as described in this Bill of Lading. 11. Time Bar. The Carrier shall be discharged of all liability under the rules of these conditions unless suit is brought within one year after delivery of the goods or in the case of total loss of the goods, the period shall begin with the moment when goods should have been delivered. 12. Defence for Servants, etc. The defence and limits of liability provided for in this B/L shall apply in any action against the Carrier for loss or damage to the goods whether the action be found in contract or in fort, also in any action against a servant, agent or independent contractor, unless it is proved that the loss or damage resulted from an act or omission of the Carrier or of this person done with intent to cause damage or recklessly and with knowledge that damage would probably result. 13. Sealed Goods. The Carrier shall not be responsible for the shortage of or damage to the goods arrived at the destination in good containers or other similar re-ceptacles duly sealed by the Shipper and for goods delivered in other sole and good packages without any signs of opening (unsealing) them during the carriage in case of Merchant’s failure to prove that such shortage of or damage to the goods occurred through the fault of the Carrier. 14. Lien. The Carrier shall have an absolute lien on goods for any amount due under this contract and for contribution in respect of general average and for salvage to whomsoever due, including costs of recovering the same and storage fees, and may enforce such lien in any reasonable manner which he may think fit. If on sale of

goods the proceeds fail to cover the amount due and the costs and expenses incurred, the carrier shall be entitled to recover the difference from the Merchant.


Limit, exceed, declare, enumerate, insert, remove, entitle, bring, provide, find, cause, result, seal, unseal, fail, occur, recover, enforce, incur


Limitation of responsibility, per package or unit, in other currency, unless declared on the B/L, number of packages enumerated in the B/L, in the absence of any particu-lars, three consecutive days, time bar, unless suit is brought within one year, when goods should have been delivered, in contract or in fort, independent contractor, simi-lar receptacles, signs of unsealing, occurred through the fault of the carrier, to have an absolute lien on the goods, costs of recovering and storage fees


Limit, responsible, absent, part, pack, note, deliver, remove, liable, defend, serve, act, depend, contract, omit, know, short, receive, seal, fail, contribute, reason, cover Ex. VI Insert the proper words

1. In no case shall the carrier be liable in an amount … Rbls. 250 per package or unit unless declared with the value on the B/L.

2. The carrier is responsible for the number of packages … in the Bill of Lading.3. Carrier’s … is limited only to the number of unit loads on the whole.4. Such removal shall be prima facie … of the delivery by the Carrier of the

goods as described in this Bill of Lading.5. The Carrier shall be discharged of all liability under the rules of these condi-

tions unless … is brought within one year after delivery of the goods.6. The defence and limits of liability … for in this B/L shall apply in any action

against the Carrier for loss or damage to the goods.7. The Carrier shall not be responsible for the shortage of or damage to the goods

arrived at the destination in good containers or other similar … duly … by the Shipper.

8. Such shortage of or damage to the goods occurred through the … of the Carrier.9. The Carrier shall have an absolute … on goods for any amount due under this con-

tract.10.The carrier shall be entitled to … the difference from the Merchant.

(receptacles, evidence, recover, exceeding, provided, enumerated, fault, responsibil-ity, lien, suit, sealed)


1. Up to what amount is the carrier’s responsibility limited?2. For what number of packages is the carrier responsible when carrying unit

loads?3. When must notice of loss or damage be given?4. What shall be prima facie evidence of the delivery of goods?5. What is the time bar for carrier’s liability under the rules of these conditions?6. In what cases are the defence and limits of responsibility not applied against

the carrier or his servants or agents?7. Is the carrier responsible for shortage of the goods arrived at the destination in

containers duly sealed by the shipper?8. For what amount shall the carrier have an absolute lien on goods?

Ex. VIII Translate into English

1. Перевозчик не несёт ответственности за сумму, превышающую 250 рублей, если ценность груза не заявлена в коносаменте.

2. Если извещение о повреждении груза не подано в письменном виде перевозчику во время снятия груза с судна, то такое снятие считается бесспорным доказательством доставки груза перевозчиком.

3. Перевозчик освобождается от ответственности, если иск не предъявлен в течение одного года после доставки груза.

4. В случае полной утраты груза этот период начинается, когда груз должен был быть доставлен.

5. Доказано, что повреждение груза произошло из-за действия перевозчика, сделанного с намерением вызвать повреждение.

6. Перевозчик не отвечает за недостачу грузов, прибывших на место назначения в опечатанных контейнерах.

7. Перевозчик может использовать залоговое право на груз за любую сумму, причитающуюся по этому контракту.

UNIT 14


deem – считать, полагать reimburse – возмещатьtake in charge – взять на ответствен- benefit – выгода, польза ность privilege – привилегия, льготаfurnish – предоставлять immunity – освобождение (от плате-indemnity – компенсация, возмеще- жей) ние contain – содержать

in no way – ни коим образом flat – платформаearn – зарабатывать contents – содержание, содержимоеreceipt – получение unsuitable – непригодныйquote – назначать цену reasonable – разумный, приемлемыйdevalue – обесценивать(ся), деваль- inspection – осмотр вировать prior to – до, преждеrevalue – ревальвировать


15. Description of the goods. The Merchant shall be deemed to have guaran-teed to the Carrier the accuracy, at the time the goods were taken in charge by the Carrier, of the description of the goods, marks, numbers, quantity and weight (includ-ing gross weight of the container or any other receptacle) and insurance as furnished by him, and the Merchant shall indemnify the Carrier against all loss, damage and ex-pense arising or resulting from inaccuracies in or inadequacy of such particulars. The right of the Carrier to such indemnity shall in no way limit his responsibility and lia-bility under this Bill of Lading to any person other than the Merchant. 16. Freight and Charges:

1) Freight shall be deemed earned on receipt of the goods by the Carrier and shall be paid in any event, goods lost or not lost according to the terms of the contract of affreightment and not to be returned.

2) All dues, taxes and charges or other expenses in connection with the goods shall be paid by the Merchant.

3) If the currency in which freight and charges are quoted devalued/ reval-ued between the date of the freight agreement and the date when the freight and charges are paid, than all freight and charges shall be auto-matically and immediately changed in proportion to the extent of the de-valuation/revaluation of the said currency.

4) The Merchant shall reimburse the Carrier in proportion to the amount of freight for any costs for deviation or delay or any other increase of costs of whatever nature caused by war, warlike operations, epidemic, strikes, government directions or force majeure.

17. Stowage in containers by the carrier. The Carrier may stow the goods in containers and has the right without notice to the Merchant to carry them in closed containers. If the goods accepted for Shipment are packed into containers by or on behalf of the Carrier, the Carrier’s responsibility for the goods commences at the mo-ment of his reception of the goods and ceases when the goods are discharged out of the container at the port of destination. The Carrier shall during the whole period from such loading until unloading be entitled to the benefit of all privileges, rights and immunities contained in this Bill of Lading. 18. Merchant-packed Containers. Where any container, transportable tank, flat or pallet and other receptacle accepted for transportation has not been filled, packed or stowed by or on behalf of the Carrier, the Carrier shall not be liable for any

loss of or damage to its contents and the Merchant shall cover any loss or expense in-curred by the Carrier if such loss, damage or expense has been caused by

1) negligent filling, packing or stowing of the container or any other recep-tacle;

2) the contents being unsuitable for carriage in container or any other re-ceptacle;

3) the unsuitability or defective condition of the container or any other re-ceptacle unless they have been supplied by the Carrier and the unsuit-ability or defective condition of the container would not have been ap-parent upon reasonable inspection at or prior to the time when the con-tainer and any other receptacle was filled, packed or stowed.


Deem, guarantee, include, furnish, indemnify, arise, earn, pay, lose, quote, devalue, revalue, reimburse, stow, accept, commence, cease, contain, fill, cover, incur, supply


Shall be deemed to have guaranteed, the goods were taken in charge, gross weight of the container, indemnify against all loss, resulting from inaccuracies, to limit respon-sibility, on receipt of the goods, goods lost or not lost, all dues shall be paid, the cur-rency in which charges are quoted, changed to the extent of the devaluation, costs of whatsoever nature, on behalf of the carrier, to the benefit of all privileges, merchant-packed containers, negligent filling, unsuitability of the container or other receptacle


Describe, receive, lose, accurate, adequate, indemnify, responsible, liable, freight, connect, current, value, agree, what, stow, contain, transport, suit, defect, reason Ex. VI Insert the proper words

1. The merchant shall be … to have guaranteed the accuracy of the description of the goods.

2. The goods were taken in … by the carrier.3. The merchant shall … the carrier against all loss arising or resulting from … in

such particulars.4. Freight shall be deemed … on receipt of the goods by the carrier.5. All dues, taxes and charges or other … in connection with the goods shall be

paid by the carrier.6. If the currency in which freight and charges are … devalued, than all freight

and charges shall be automatically and immediately … in proportion.

7. The Merchant shall … the Carrier in proportion to the amount of freight for any costs for deviation or delay or any other increase of costs of … nature caused by war, warlike operations, epidemic, strikes, government directions or force majeure.

8. The Carrier may stow the goods in containers and has the right without … to the Merchant to carry them in closed containers.

9. The Carrier’s responsibility for the goods … at the moment of his reception of the goods and ceases when the goods are discharged out of the container at the port of destination.

10.The Carrier shall during the whole period from such loading until unloading be entitled to the benefit of all …, rights and immunities contained in this Bill of Lading.

11.Where any container, transportable tank, flat or pallet and other … has not been filled, packed or stowed by the Carrier, the Carrier shall not be liable for any loss of or damage to its contents.

12.The Merchant shall cover any loss or expense incurred by the Carrier if such loss, damage or expense has been … by negligent filling, packing or stowing of the container or any other receptacle.

(commences, expenses, caused, inaccuracies, deemed, notice, charge, changed, recep-tacle, quoted, privileges, reimburse, earned, indemnify, whatsoever)


1. What shall the merchant guarantee to the carrier under clause 15?2. Who shall indemnify the carrier against all loss, damage and expense arising or

resulting from inaccuracies in or inadequacy of the description of goods?3. When shall the freight be deemed earned?4. Shall the freight be paid if the goods are lost according to the terms of the con-

tract of affreightment?5. Who must pay all dues, taxes and charges or other expenses in connection with

the goods?6. When shall all freight and charges be automatically and immediately changed

in proportion?7. What shall the merchant reimburse the carrier for?8. What may increase of costs be caused by?9. When does the carrier’s responsibility for goods packed by the carrier com-

mence?10.Is the carrier liable for loss of or damage to the contents of receptacles not

filled by the carrier?11.What may loss of or damage to the contents of merchant-packed containers be

caused by?

Ex. VIII Translate into English

1. Считается, что отправитель гарантирует перевозчику точность описания грузов.

2. Эти грузы были взяты перевозчиком на свою ответственность.3. Отправитель должен обезопасить перевозчика от всех убытков,

возникающих от неправильности сведений о грузе.4. Право перевозчика на компенсацию ни коим образом не ограничивает его

ответственность по этому коносаменту.5. Фрахт считается заработанным по приёмке грузов перевозчиком.6. Фрахт должен быть оплачен независимо от того, утрачены грузы или нет.7. Все платежи, налоги и другие расходы, связанные с грузами, должны

оплачиваться перевозчиком.8. Если валюта, в которой оплачивается фрахт, девальвировалась, то фрахт

и все платежи должны быть пропорционально изменены.9. Перевозчик имеет право укладывать грузы в закрытые контейнеры без

уведомления отправителя.10.Ответственность перевозчика за такие грузы начинается в момент

принятия грузов и оканчивается, когда грузы выгружены из контейнеров в порту назначения.

11.Где контейнеры, принятые к транспортировке, не заполнялись перевозчиком, он не отвечает за ущерб грузам, вызванный небрежным заполнением или укладкой контейнера.

UNIT 15


heat – нагревать gear – устройствоunit – установка cranage – пользование краном, платаlease – брать или сдавать в аренду за пользованиеrepositioning – возвращение; пере- tender – предлагать мещение to take precautions – принимать мерыpremises – помещения, владения предосторожностиjointly – совместно statute – устав, законseverally – отдельно regulation – положение, правилоinterior – внутренность stowage order – распоряжение об ук-brush – чистить щёткой ладке грузовdesignated – определённый, указан- consent – согласие ный foregoing – упомянутый вышеstipulated – обусловленный, огово- amended – внесённый в качестве по- ренный правкиshould – зд. если Jason clause – пункт Ясона в чартер-conclusive evidence – убедительное партии доказательство average bond – аварийная подписка,

provide for – предусматривать, пре- гарантия доставлять security – обеспечение, гарантияheavy – тяжеловесный both to blame collision clause – пунктbulky – объёмистый чартера о взаимной ответст-upwards – выше венности при столкновенииexceptional – исключительный specifically – отдельно, особенноawkward – неудобный to adjust the average – составить дис- пашу (расчёт) по аварии


19. Special Container. If the goods are stowed by or on behalf of either the Carrier or the Merchant in special container with refrigeration or heating units the Carrier does not accept any responsibility for the functioning of such containers not owned or leased by the Carrier. 20. Repositioning of containers. Where containers owned or leased by the Carrier are unpacked at the Merchant’s premises, they are jointly and severally re-sponsible for returning the empty containers with interiors brushed and clean to the port or place of discharge or to the point or place designated by the Carrier, his ser-vants or agents within the stipulated time. Should a container not returned within the stipulated time the Merchant shall be liable for any demurrage, loss or expenses which may arise from such non-return. 21. Refrigerated Goods. A Surveyor’s Certificate with respect to heated, cooled, ventilated or insulated space, issued prior to the shipment, shall be deemed to be conclusive evidence that the Carrier has exercised due diligence to make the vessel seaworthy in respect to such space. The Carrier shall not be obliged to provide for re-frigerated storage ashore. Consignee to take delivery of refrigerated cargo as soon as the vessel is ready to deliver, otherwise cargo will be landed at Consignee’s risk and expenses. 22. Heavy or Bulky Goods. Pieces or packages weighing two tons each and upwards or of exceptional bulk or length or if awkward for vessel’s tackle or gear shall be loaded and discharged at Merchant’s risk and cranage and any other extra ex-penses shall be, unless otherwise agreed, for account of the goods. 23. Dangerous Goods. Before the goods of dangerous or damaging nature and radioactive material are tendered for shipment, the Merchant shall inform in writing the Carrier, Master or Agent of the vessel of their exact nature of danger, indicating the precautions to be taken, give the name and address of the sender and receiver and distinctly mark the nature of the goods on the surface of the package or packages, as required by the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code and applicable statutes or regulations and in addition on each container, flat, trailer, etc. A special stowage order giving consent to shipment must be obtained from the Carrier. The Merchant will be liable for all loss, damage, delay or expenses, if the forgoing provi-sions are not complied with.

24. General Average. General Average to be adjusted at any port or place at the Carrier’s option and to be settled according to York-Antwerp Rules 1974, this covering all goods carried under deck and the containers etc. carried on deck. The Amended Jason Clause as approved by BIMCO to be considered as incorporated herein. Average bond with values declared therein to be signed, also sufficient secu-rity to be given as required by Masters or Agents. 25. Incorporated Clause. This Bill of Lading shall be subject to all terms, conditions and exceptions of the Charter party according to which it is issued. The Both-to-Blame Collision Clause, War Risks Clauses “Voywar – 1950” as approved by BIMCO are fully and specifically incorporated in this Bill of Lading.


Heat, accept, function, own, lease, reposition, unpack, return, brush, clean, designate, stipulate, arise, cool, ventilate, insulate, issue, deem, exercise, provide, land, weigh, damage, tender, indicate, obtain, comply, adjust, settle, cover, amend, approve, con-sider, incorporate, declare, sign


On behalf of the carrier, heating units, accept responsibility for functioning, owned or leased by the carrier, at merchant’s premises, jointly or severally responsible, place designated by the carrier, within the stipulated time, should a container not returned, arise from such non-return, two tons and upwards, awkward for vessel’s tackle or gear, discharged at merchant’s risk and cranage, unless otherwise agreed, goods ten-dered for shipment, precautions to be taken, IMDG Code, consent to shipment, for-going provisions, general average to be adjusted, average bond, Both-to-Blame Colli-sion Clause


Several, sea, serve, store, shore, other, pack, except, bulk, crane, danger, radio, dis-tinct, apply, ship Ex. VI Insert the proper words

1. The goods are stowed on … of the Carrier in special container with refrigera-tion or heating units.

2. The Carrier does not accept any responsibility for the … of such containers not owned or leased by the Carrier.

3. They are jointly and … responsible for returning the empty containers with … brushed and clean to the place … by the Carrier.

4. Should a container not returned within the … time the Merchant shall be liable for any demurrage, loss or expenses which may arise from such non-return.

5. A Surveyor’s Certificate with respect to heated, cooled, ventilated or insulated space, issued prior to the shipment, shall be deemed to be … evidence that the Carrier has … due diligence to make the vessel seaworthy in respect to such space.

6. The Carrier shall not be … to provide for refrigerated storage ashore.7. Consignee to take delivery of … cargo as soon as the vessel is ready to deliver.8. Pieces or packages … two tons each and upwards shall be loaded and dis-

charged at Merchant’s risk and cranage.9. Before the goods of dangerous nature are … for shipment, the Merchant shall

inform in writing the Carrier, Master or Agent of the vessel of their exact na-ture of danger.

10.A special stowage order giving … to shipment must be obtained from the Car-rier.

11.The Merchant will be liable for all loss, damage, delay or expenses, if the … provisions are not complied with.

12.General Average to be … at any port or place at the Carrier’s option and to be settled … to York-Antwerp Rules 1974.

13.The Amended Jason Clause as approved by BIMCO to be … as incorporated herein.

14.This Bill of Lading shall be … to all terms, conditions and exceptions of the Charter party according to which it is issued.

15.The Both-to-Blame … Clause, War Risks Clauses “Voywar – 1950” as … by BIMCO are fully and specifically incorporated in this Bill of Lading.

(consent, obliged, Collision, interiors, behalf, tendered, approved, adjusted, function-ing, considered, designated, weighing, severally, conclusive, forgoing, subject, stipu-lated, according, refrigerated, exercised)

Ex. VII Ask questions

1. The goods are stowed by or on behalf of either the Carrier or the Merchant in special container with refrigeration or heating units.

2. The Carrier does not accept any responsibility for the functioning of such con-tainers not owned or leased by the Carrier.

3. Where containers owned or leased by the Carrier are unpacked at the Mer-chant’s premises, they are jointly and severally responsible for returning the empty containers.

4. The interiors of the containers must be brushed and clean.5. Should a container not returned within the stipulated time the Merchant shall

be liable for any demurrage, loss or expenses which may arise from such non-return.

6. A Surveyor’s Certificate with respect to heated, cooled, ventilated or insulated space, issued prior to the shipment, shall be deemed to be conclusive evidence that the Carrier has exercised due diligence to make the vessel seaworthy.

7. Pieces or packages weighing two tons each and upwards or of exceptional bulk or length or if awkward for vessel’s tackle or gear shall be loaded and dis-charged at Merchant’s risk and carnage.

8. Before the goods of dangerous or damaging nature and radioactive material are tendered for shipment, the Merchant shall inform in writing the Carrier, Master or Agent of the vessel of their exact nature of danger, indicating the precau-tions to be taken, give the name and address of the sender and receiver and dis-tinctly mark the nature of the goods on the surface of the package or packages.

9. A special stowage order giving consent to shipment must be obtained from the Carrier.

10.General Average to be adjusted at any port or place at the Carrier’s option and to be settled according to York-Antwerp Rules 1974.

11.The Both-to-Blame Collision Clause, War Risks Clauses “Voywar – 1950” as approved by BIMCO are fully and specifically incorporated in this Bill of Lading.

Ex. VIII Give English equivalents

От имени перевозчика, нагревательная установка, взятые в аренду контейнеры, возвращение контейнеров, вместе и по отдельности несут ответственность, в оговоренное время, если контейнер не возвращается, возникающие из-за невозврата, считается убедительным доказательством, проявить должное старание, сделать судно мореходным, обеспечить хранение в холодильнике на берегу, выгрузить на риск получателя, две тонны и больше, чрезвычайно громоздкий, пользование краном, дополнительные расходы, предлагаемый к перевозке, международный кодекс перевозки опасных грузов морем, дать согласие, вышеупомянутые условия, составить расчёт по аварии, аварийная подписка, пункт об обоюдной вине при столкновении, включён отдельно

UNIT 16


non negotiable – не имеющий товаро- legislation – законодательство распределительной силы compulsory – обязательныйpct = per cent respective – соответствующийbroken – разбитый, поломанный adjust – устанавливать сумму, выпла-polish – шлифовать чиваемую по страховому полисуwoven – p. p. from weave – плести, state – излагать, заявлять ткать settle – решать, принимать решениеsingle – одинарный subsequent – последующийsewn – p. p. from sew – зашивать, expressly – безоговорочно шить renounce – не признавать, отвергатьmouth – отверстие sacrifice – жертва

spare – запасной salvage – спасение free of charge – бесплатно stranger – постороннее лицоliberties – привилегии deposit – вклад, депозитadvance – аванс set off – выставлятьspecify – указывать, упоминать recoup – вычитатьparamount – первостепенный recover – возвращатьenact – вводить закон, предписывать collide – столкнуться


BILL OF LADING CODE NAME “CONGENBILL”COPY NON NEGOTIABLE

Edition 1994Adopted by The Baltic and International Maritime Council (BIMCO)Shipper: VINHLONG AND FOOD IMPORT EXPORT COMPANY (VINHLONG FOOD) NO. 38, SEPTEMBER 2ND STREET, VINH LONG TOWN, VIETNAMConsignee: TO ORDER OF ANDRE ET CIE (VOSTOK) A. O., MOSCOWOwner: CLIPPER SPIRIT SHIPPING LTD.Vessel: M/V CLIPPER SPIRITPort of loading: HOCHIMIN CITY, VIETNAMPort of discharge: PORT OF ST. PETERSBURG, RUSSIAShipper’s declaration of goods:Vietnamese long grain white rice, max. 5 pct brokens, double polished, packed in new and uniform woven single polypropylene bags of 50 kgs net each fit for export and sea transportation, machine sewn at mouth.Net weight: 999.85 mtGross weight: 1,002.45 mtNumber of bags: 19,997 bags (say: nineteen thousand nine hundred ninety seven)of which NONE on deck at Shipper’s risk; the Carrier not being responsible for loss or damage however arising. 1 pct of empty spare bags shipped free of charge: 200 bagsFREIGHT PREPAID“All terms, conditions, exceptions, liberties including the arbitration clause as per charter party dated 11th March, 2004 are herewith fully incorporated in this bill of lading.”Freight payable as per CHARTER PARTY dated 11/3/2004FREIGHT ADVANCE: received on account of freight_____________________Time used for loading __________days ________________hoursSHIPPED at the Port of Loading in apparent good order and condition on board the Vessel for carriage to the Port of Discharge or so near thereto as she may safely get the goods specified above.

Weight, measure, quality, quantity, condition, contents and value unknown.In witness whereof the Master or Agent of the said Vessel has signed the number of Bills of Lading indicated below all of this tenor and date, any one of which being ac-complished the others shall be void. Number of original Bs/L – 03 (three) For conditions of carriage see overleaf.

CONDITIONS OF CARRIAGE(1) All terms and conditions, liberties and exceptions of the Charter Party, dated as overleaf, including the Law and Arbitration Clause, are herewith incorporated.(2) General Paramount Clause.

(a) The Hague Rules contained in the International Convention for the Uni-fication of certain rules relating to Bills of Lading, dated Brussels the 25th August 1924 as enacted in the country of shipment, shall apply to this Bill of Lading. When no such enactment is in force in the country of shipment, the corresponding legislation of the country of destination shall apply, but in respect of shipments to which no such enactments are compulsory applicable, the terms of the said Convention shall apply.

(b) Trades where Hague-Visby Rules apply. In trades where the International Brussels Convention 1924 as amended by the Protocol signed at Brussels on February 23rd 1968 the Hague - Visby Rules apply compulsory, the provisions of the respective legislation shall apply to this Bill of Lading. (c) The Carrier shall in no case be responsible for loss of or damage to the cargo, howsoever arising prior to loading into or after discharge from the Vessel or while the cargo is in the charge of another Carrier, nor in respect of deck cargo or live animals. (3) General Average.General Average shall be adjusted, stated and settled according to York-Antwerp Rules 1994, or any subsequent modification thereof, in London unless another place is agreed in the Charter Party.Cargo’s contribution to the General Average shall be paid to the Carrier even when such average is the result of a fault, neglect or error of the Master, Pilot or Crew. The Charterers, Shippers and Consignees expressly renounce the Belgian Commercial Code, Part II, Art.143.(4) New Jason Clause.In the event of accident, danger, damage or disaster before or after the commence-ment of the voyage, resulting from any cause whatsoever, whether due to negligence or not, for which, or for the consequence of which, the Carrier is not responsible, by statute, contract or otherwise, the cargo, shippers, consignees or the owners of the cargo shall contribute with the Carrier in General Average to the payment of any sac-rifices, losses or expenses of a General Average nature that may be made or incurred and shall pay salvage and special charges incurred in respect of the cargo. If a salvage vessel is owned or operated by the carrier, salvage shall be paid for as fully as if the said salvage vessel or vessels belonged to strangers. Such deposit as the Carrier, or his agents, may deem sufficient to cover the estimated contribution of the goods and

any salvage and special charges thereon shall, if required, be made by the cargo, ship-pers, consignees or owners of the goods to the Carrier before delivery.(5) Both-to-Blame Collision Clause.If the Vessel comes into collision with another vessel as a result of the negligence of the other vessel and any act, neglect or default of the Master, Mariner, Pilot or the servants of the Carrier in the navigation or in the management of the Vessel, the own-ers of the cargo carried hereunder will indemnify the Carrier against all loss or liabil-ity to the other or non-carrying vessel or her owners in so far as such loss or liability represents loss of, or damage to, or any claim whatsoever of the owners of the said cargo, paid or payable by the other or non-carrying vessel or her owners to the own-ers of the said cargo and set-off, recouped or recovered by the other or non-carrying vessel or her owners as part of their claim against the carrying Vessel or the Carrier.The foregoing provisions shall also apply where the owners, operators or those in charge of any vessel or vessels or objects other than, or in addition to, the colliding vessels or objects are at fault in respect of a collision or contact.For particulars of cargo, freight, destination, etc., see overleaf.Place and date of issue___ Signature: as Master of M/V Clipper Spirit Capt._____


Adopt, break, polish, weave, sew, arise, prepay, indicate, accomplish, contain, relate, enact, apply, amend, adjust, state, settle, renounce, commence, contribute, incur, own, operate, belong, deem, indemnify, recoup, recover, collide


Copy non negotiable, 5 pct brokens, double polished, uniform woven single bags, machine sewn at mouth, damage however arising, empty spare bags, freight prepaid, liberties as per charter party, freight advance, the goods specified above, all of this tenor and date, the others shall be void, general paramount clause, enacted in the country of shipment, corresponding legislation, in no case, howsoever arising, gen-eral average shall be adjusted, subsequent modification, consignees expressly re-nounce, resulting from any cause whatsoever, contribute to any sacrifices of a general average, pay salvage, belong to strangers, both-to-blame collision clause, the owners of the cargo carried hereunder, non-carrying vessel, claim set-off by the other vessel, foregoing provisions

Ex. V Word-formation Give all possible derivatives; translate them Own, ship, declare, break, form, weave, transport, sew, how, pay, except, include, here, weigh, know, leaf, carry, act, apply, how, accord, commence, strange, contrib-ute, collide, negligent, serve, what, cover, going, provide

Ex. VI Insert the proper words

1. Declaration of goods: Vietnamese long grain white rice, max. 5 pct …, double …, packed in new and uniform … single polypropylene bags of 50 kgs net each fit for export and sea transportation, machine … at mouth.

2. 1 … of empty spare bags shipped free of …: 200 bags.3. All terms, conditions, exceptions, … including the arbitration clause as per

charter party.4. In … whereof the Master or Agent of the said Vessel has … the number of

Bills of Lading indicated below all of this … and date.5. All terms and conditions, liberties and exceptions of the Charter Party, dated as

overleaf, … the Law and Arbitration …, are herewith incorporated.6. When no such … is in force in the country of shipment, the corresponding …

of the country of destination shall apply.7. The Carrier shall in no … be responsible for loss of or damage to the cargo, …

arising prior to loading into or after discharge from the vessel.8. General Average shall be … , stated and settled according to York-Antwerp

Rules 1994, or any … modification thereof.9. Cargo’s contribution to the General Average shall be paid to the Carrier even

when such average is the result of a …, … or error of the Master, Pilot or Crew.

10.The Charterers, Shippers and Consignees expressly … the Belgian Commercial Code, Part II, Art.143.

11.Shippers, consignees or the owners of the cargo shall contribute with the Car-rier in General Average to the payment of any …, losses or expenses of a Gen-eral Average nature that may be made or incurred and shall pay … and special charges … in respect of the cargo.

12.If a salvage vessel is … or operated by the carrier, salvage shall be paid for as fully as if the said salvage vessel or vessels … to strangers.

13.If the Vessel comes into … with another vessel as a result of the … of the other vessel, the owners of the cargo carried hereunder will … the Carrier against all loss or liability to the other or non-carrying vessel or her owners.

(case, collision, sacrifices, woven, pct, witness, including, indemnify, renounce, bro-kens, signed, howsoever, enactment, negligence, salvage, sewn, tenor, fault, charge, legislation, owned, liberties, polished, Clause, subsequent, belonged, neglect, in-curred, adjusted)

Ex. VII Give English equivalents

Побитые зёрна, двойная шлифовка, одинаковые плетёные мешки, один процент запасных мешков, исключения и привилегии согласно чартер партии, так близко к нему, как судно может безопасно подойти, потерять юридическую силу, условия смотрите на обратной стороне листа, первостепенный пункт, вводить закон, введение в качестве закона, соответствующее законодательство, ни в коем случае, составлять расчёт по аварии, результат ошибки,

безоговорочно отвергать, в результате какой бы то ни было причины, оплатить спасение, принадлежать посторонним лицам, столкновение при обоюдной вине, не перевозящее груз судно, иск владельцев вышеуказанного груза, вышеуказанные условия, подробные сведения о грузе

UNIT 17


sawlog – пиленое бревно FOB = free on boardgrade – сорт, качество interest – процентcbms = cubic metres renounce – не признавать, отвергать


BILL OF LADING 125CODE NAME “SOVCONROUNDBILL”

Shipper: EXIM TRADE LTD, VLADIVOSTOKConsignee: SUIFENHE IMPORT AND EXPORT COMPANY “LOHGJANG SHANGLIAN”Notify address: DAZHI 55, SUIFENHE, CHINAVessel “NOVIC”, flag: RUSSIAPort of loading: OLGA, RUSSIA Port of discharge: YANTAI, CHINA Number of original Bs/L: THREEShipper’s description of goods: SAWLOG 1 – 3 GRADESawlog 1 – 2 grade

2426 pieces say: two thousand four hundred and twenty six only530.72 cbms say: five hundred and thirty & 0.72 cbms371504 kg. weight

Sawlog 3 grade 7991 pieces say: seven thousand nine hundred and ninety one only 1620.46 cbms say: one thousand six hundred and twenty & 0.46 cbms 1134322 kg. weight 1505826 kg. TOTAL WEIGHT(of which 1074 pieces on deck at Shipper’s/Charterer’s risk)Freight payable as per Charter Party dated …Freight advance. Received on account of freight: FREIGHT COLLECT FOB on which interest commission and insurance have been paid.Shipped in apparent good order and condition on board the Vessel for carriage to the port of discharge or so near thereto as she may safely get, the goods specified above to be delivered in the like good order and condition. Weight, measure, quality, quan-tity, condition, contents and value unknown.

In witness whereof the Master or Agent of the said Vessel has signed the number of Bills of Lading indicated above, all of this tenor and date, any one of which being ac-complished the others shall be void. For conditions of carriage see overleaf.Place and date of issue: OLGA, RUSSIA. JUNE 26, 2004MASTER:_________________________ Signed by ________________________

Conditions of carriage1. All terms, conditions, liberties and exceptions of the Charter Party, dated as over-leaf, including Clause 48 (Arbitration) are herewith incorporated.2. Paramount Clause. The Hague Rules contained in the International Convention for the Unification of certain rules relating to Bills of Lading, dated Brussels, the 25 th August, 1924, as en-acted in the country of shipment shall apply to the contract. If no such enactment is in force in the country of shipment, the terms of the said Conventions shall apply.3. The Carrier shall not be liable for loss of or damage to cargo during the period be-fore loading or after discharge from the Vessel, howsoever such loss or damage arises.4. Shipment of deck cargo to be at Shipper’s/Charterer’s risk.5. General Average, if any, shall be stated according to York-Antwerp Rules, 1974.6. Cargo’s contribution to General Average shall be paid to the Owners even when such average is the result of a fault, neglect or error of the Master, Pilot or Crew. The Charterer, Shipper and Consignee expressly renounce the Netherlands Commercial Code, Art. 700, and the Belgian Commercial Code, Part II, Art. 148.7. New Jason Clause. In the event of accident, danger, damage or disaster before or after the commence-ment of the voyage, resulting from any cause whatsoever, whether due to negligence or not, for which, or for the consequence of which, the Carrier is not responsible, by statute, contract or otherwise, the cargo, shippers, consignees or the owners of the cargo shall contribute with the Carrier in General Average to the payment of any sac-rifices, losses or expenses of a General Average nature that may be made or incurred and shall pay salvage and special charges incurred in respect of the cargo. If a salving ship is owned or operated by the carrier, salvage shall be paid for as fully as if the said salving ship or ships belonged to strangers. Such deposit as the Carrier, or his agents, may deem sufficient to cover the estimated contribution of the goods and any salvage and special charges thereon shall, if required, be made by the goods, Shippers, Consignees or owners of the goods to the Carrier before delivery.8. Both-to-Blame Collision Clause. If the Vessel comes into collision with another vessel as a result of the negligence of the other vessel and any act, neglect or default of the Master, Mariner, Pilot or the servants of the Carrier in the navigation or in the management of the Vessel, the own-ers of the cargo carried hereunder will indemnify the Carrier against all loss or liabil-ity to the other or non-carrying vessel or her owners in so far as such loss or liability represents loss of, or damage to, or any claim whatsoever of the owners of the said cargo, paid or payable by the other or non-carrying vessel or her owners to the own-

ers of the said cargo and set-off, recouped or recovered by the other or non-carrying vessel or her owners as part of their claim against the carrying Vessel or the Carrier.The foregoing provisions shall also apply where the owners, operators or those in charge of any vessel or vessels or objects other than, or in addition to, the colliding vessels or objects are at fault in respect of a collision or contact.For particulars of cargo, freight, destination, etc., see overleaf.

TESTS

Test 1

1. Укажите буквой соответствующий предлог:1. B/L is a receipt issued by a shipowner … cargo received. a) for b) to c) at2. B/L became negotiable … endorsement. a) by b) at c) after3. These functions have given rise … many problems. a) at b) for c) to4. B/Ls are prepared … the shipper. a) for b) by c) to5. It is a unique code assigned … transportation companies. a) for b) by c) to6. Failure to comply … the requirements may delay the vessel. a) with b) to c) for

2. Укажите буквами пары синонимов:1. a) meet b)get c)issue d) acquire2. a) shipment b) endorsement c) trade d) transportation3. a) incorporate b) govern c) regulate d) account4. a) terms b) conditions c) functions d) problems5. a) originate b) incorporate c) arise d) accompany6. a) include b) identify c) assign d) insert

3. Укажите буквой соответствующий английский эквивалент1. впоследствии a) subsequent b) subsequently c) finally2. судовладелец a) shipper b) charterer c) shipowner3. расписка a) receipt b) receive c) resolve4. содержать a) cover b) consist c) contain

5. сталия a) demurrage b) laytime c) endorsement6. знак a) character b) account c) characteristic

4. Укажите буквами правильный перевод:1. разрешать спорные вопросы a) account disputes b) resolve disputes c) discover difficult questions2. вызывать a) meet the needs b) result therefrom c) give rise

3. отвечать требованиям a) deal with issues b) meet the needs c) result therefrom4. подчиняться правилам a) comply with regulations b) provide requirements c) assign regulations5. достигнуть места назначения a) reach the place b) arrival at destination c) reach the destination6. за счёт владельца a) for owner’s account b) at owner’s calculation c) for shipper’s account

5. Укажите буквой соответствующий перевод подчёркнутых выражений:1. B/L was a non-negotiable receipt issued by a shipowner. a) выпустил b) выданный c) выдал 2. B/L became negotiable in order to meet the demands of traders. a) в порядке b) для заказа c) для того, чтобы 3. These functions of a B/L give rise to many problems. a) давать подъём b) возникать c) вызывать4. B/Ls are prepared by the shipper and presented to the master for signature. a) представляются b) присутствовал c) подарили5. B/L contains an identifier consisting of up to sixteen characters. a) характеристики b) знаки c) черты 6. Укажите буквой соответствующий английский эквивалент1. B/L is a receipt issued by the owner for ( полученный груз). a) cargo received b) receive cargo c) to receive cargo2. Bill of lading (включал в себя) the terms of the contract. a) to incorporate b) insert c) incorporated3. An error (была обнаружена) in the bill of lading. a) been discovered b) has been discovered c) was to be discovered4. A fresh set of bills of lading (должен быть выдан). a) has issued b) must issue c) has to be issued5. All bills of lading shall contain an identifier (состоящий) of 16 characters. a) consisting b) consists c) is consisting6. Owners shall be liable for delays (в результате этого). a) result from b) resulting therefrom c) in this result

7. Укажите буквой соответствующий ответ на вопрос:1. What is a bill of lading? a) contract b) endorsement c) identification2. Whom are bills of lading normally prepared by? a) shipper b) shipowner c) carrier3. Who are bills of lading presented for signature to? a) shipowner b) trader c) master4. In what way do bills of lading become negotiable? a) dispute b) endorsement c) function5. What shall all bills of lading contain according to US regulations? a) identification purpose b) unique identifier c) 16 characteristics6. Who is responsible for delays if the master fails to insert identifier? a) carrier b) shipper c) owner

8. Укажите номер соответствующего русского эквивалента:1. originate 1. возникать2. negotiable 2. впоследствии3. receipt 3. вызывать4. issue 4. выпускать5. subsequently 5. доставлять6. resolve 6. задержка7. dispute 7. закреплять8. endorsement 8. знак9. destination 9. место назначения.10. give rise 10. неспособность11. shipper 11. обращающийся12. signature 12. опознание13. error 13. отправитель14. regulation 14. ошибка15. assign 15. передаточная надпись16. identification 16. подпись17. character 17. подчиняться18. numeric 18. правило19. govern 19. прибытие20. arrival 20. простой судна21. delay 21. расписка22. deliver 22. регулировать23. comply 23. решать24. failure 24. состоять25. laytime 25. спор26. demurrage 26. сталийное время 27. требовать 28. цифровой

Test 2

1. Укажите буквой соответствующий предлог:1. This authorization should be limited … the singing of B/L. a) to b) by c) in2. All details have been approved … master. a) to b) by c) in3. The agents telefax B/Ls to master … to utilizing their authorization. a) before b) prior c) after4. The master is requested to use his judgement … predicting delays. a) to b) on c) in5. A master should never sign blank b/l … any circumstances. a) at b) with c) under6. The charterer will provide the owners … an indemnity. a) with b) by c) at

2. Укажите буквами пары синонимов: 1. adopt a. accept 2. clause b. ask 3. request c. allow 4. release d. before 5. prior e. blank 6. utilize f. cause 7. imperative g. forecast 8. judgement h. guarantee 9. predict i. issue 10. give rise j. necessary 11. endeavour k. opinion 12. empty l. receiver 13. permit m. term 14. consignee n. try 15 .indemnity o. use

3. Укажите буквой соответствующий английский эквивалент1. от имени a) on behalf of b) with the name c) from behalf2. по его собственному усмотрению a) in his own look b) in his own discretion c) on his own discretion3. при условии, что a) provided b) to provide that c) provided a condition4. имеется расхождение a) have discrepancy b) have difference c) there is a discrepancy5. подписывать чистый коносамент a) write down blank B/L b) sign blank B/L c) sign clean B/L

6. принять груз a) request the cargo b) deliver the cargo c) take delivery of the cargo

4. Укажите буквами правильный перевод:1. соответствующий a) authorized b) approved c) appropriate2. одобрение a) approval b) approved c) to approve3. обязательно a) imperative b) appropriate c) significant4. усмотрение a) discrepancy b) discretion c) judgement5. стараться a) invoke b) effort c) endeavour6. гарантия a) demurrage b) indemnity c) issuance

5. Укажите буквой соответствующий перевод подчёркнутых слов:1. The master is requested to authorize agents to issue B/L. a) попросить b) указать c) уполномочить2. Port agents authorized as aforesaid are given the same instructions. a) для сказанного b) вышесказанный c) как сказали3. The master in this respect is requested to issue a letter of protest. a) уважение b) отношение c) ожидание4. The master is requested to use his judgement in predicting delays. a) мнение b) решение c) осуждение5. They give rise to few problems provided the procedure is followed correctly. a) при условии b) обеспечили c) обеспечили условия6. The vessel will not be permitted to call there again. a) называть b) звать c) заходить

6. Укажите буквой соответствующий английский эквивалент1. This authorization (должно ограничиваться) to the signing of the B/L. a) should limit b) should be limited c) must limit2. All the details of cargo (были одобрены) by the master. a) have been approved b) been approved c) were to be approved3. The master is requested to issue a letter (дающее) permission to release B/L. a) give b) giving c) is giving4. The load port agents (даются) the same instructions. a) are giving b) giving c) are given5. Vessels calling at Zirku Island (предупреждались). a) have been warned b) warned c) were warning6. The vessel (не разрешат) to call there again. a) will not allow b) will not be allowed c) will not have allowed

7. Укажите буквой соответствующий ответ на вопрос:1. Who is authorized to issue B/L in Early Departure Procedure? a) agent b) carrier c) owner2. Who must bill of lading be approved by in EDP? a) master b) agent c) cosignee3. When must agents telefax B/Ls for approval? a) after issuance of the B/L b) before signing B/L c) after signing B/L4. When is the bill of lading valid? a) when it is signed by load port agents b) when the Early Departure Procedure is invoked c) when it is approved by the master5. When can a master sign blank bill of lading? a) under any circumstances b) if the vessel is not permitted to call there again c) never under any circumstances6. What may be done if the consignee fails to deliver original bill of lading? a) count all time as demurrage b) provide an indemnity c) take delivery of the cargo

8. Укажите номер соответствующего русского эквивалента:1. delay 1. выгружать 2. adopt 2. выпуск3. clause 3. выпускать4. appropriate 4. гарантия5. authorize 5. действительный6. release 6. задерживаться7. valid 7. заходить8. approve 8. значительный9. imperative 9. мнение10.issuance 10. незаполненный11.emphasize 11. обязательно12.significant 12. одобрять13.threaten 13. подчеркнуть14.judgement 14. получатель15.discretion 15. постараться16.invoke 16. предупреждать17.provided 17. приемлемый18.discrepancy 18. призывать19.endeavour 19. принимать20.blank 20. при условии 21.warn 21. пункт 22.call 22. расхождение23.consignee 23. соответствующий24.indemnity 24. угрожать25.acceptable 25. уполномочить

26. усмотрение 27. фрахтователь

Test 3

1. Укажите буквой соответствующий предлог:1. Received ... shipment the following goods. a) on b) for c) аt2. The motorvessel is trading ... the British flag. a) with b) at c) under3. Not garanteed hereby ... the adequacy of marks a) with b) at c) for4. The cargo is delivered subject... all conditions, a) to b) with c) at5. Into lighters or on the quay ... master’s option a) at b) on c) with6. The goods to be delivered ... the port. a) with b) at c) in7. All charges due ... the contract of carriage a) in b) on c) under8. The conformity of the goods ... their description is not checked, a) to b) with c) on9. The shipper agrees ... all provisions and terms, a) to b) with c) on10. The master has affirmed ... three bills of lading, a) with b) at c) to

2. Выберите соответствующий эквивалент сочетаний местоимений с предлогом:1. Motorvessel “Fort” ... master is Smith.2. Being marked but not garanteed ... for the adequacy of marks.3. The custodian is intrusted to hold the goods and he will not part with the possession ....4. Any person interested ... agree to all printed provisions.5. They accept all terms of the B/L including those on the back ...6. In witness ... the carrier signed three bills of lading, a) hereby b) whereof c) thereof d) hereof

3. Укажите буквами пары синонимов:1. a) receiver b) owner c) consignee d) trader2. a) account b) cease c) finish d) insert3. a) conditions b) provisions c) custodians d) charges4. a) option b) description c) charges d) payment5. a) tenor b) carrier c) holder d) custodian

4. Укажите буквами слова, противоположные по значению:1. to cease a) to get b) to stop c) to start2. consignee a) shipper b) receiver c) owner3. to deliver a) to carry b) to transport c) to ship4. to pay a) to hold b) to receive c) to affirm5. to receive a) to ship b) to get c) to cease

5. Укажите буквой соответствующий английский эквивалент1. ответственныйa) response b) responsible c) responsibility2. соответствиеa) adequate b) adequacy c) subject to3. перевозкаа) сапу b) carrier c) carriage4. соответствиеa) conformity b) custodian c) connection5. надлежащим образомa) expressly b) apparent c)duly

6. Укажите буквами правильный перевод:1. погружены в надлежащем по виду состоянии a) loaded in apparent condition b) loaded in good order c) shipped in apparent good order and condition2. считаются маркированными и нумерованными a) being marked and numbered b) they are to be marked and numbered c) considered marked and numbered3. правильность маркировки a) correct marking b) adequate marks c) adequacy of marks4. обязанности перевозчика считаются прекращёнными a) responsibility of the carrier shall confirm b) the responsible carrier shall cease c) responsibility of the carrier shall cease5. полностью соглашаться на все условия a) to express all provisions b) expressly accept all terms c) to express all included terms

7. Укажите буквой соответствующий перевод подчёркнутых выражений:1. The goods to be delivered at the port of Pevek. a) должны быть доставлены b) были доставлены c) доставлены2. The cargo is received in the like good condition. a) в любимом состоянии b) в очень хорошем состоянии c) в таком же хорошем состоянии3. Responsibility for the aforesaid goods shall cease. a) вышеуказанные грузы b) причитающиеся грузы c) надлежащие грузы

4. One bill of lading being accomplished the others to stand void. a) стоять в стороне b) теряют силу c) стоят отдельно5. The shipper as well as any other person agree to all terms. a) такой же хороший b) так хорошо, как c) а также и

8. Укажите буквой соответствующий английский эквивалент:1. Cargoes are (отправлены) in apparent good order and condition. a) shipment b) shipping c) shipped2. Goods to be carried (с соблюдением) all conditions. a) subject to b) agree c) on account of3. (Ни вес) nor the measure of goods are checked by the carrier, a) not any weight . b) neither the weight c) no weight4. The master (подписал) to three bills of lading a) has written b) accomplished c) has affirmed5. One bill of lading is to be given (в обмен) for the goods. a) change b) in exchange c) in changing

9. Укажите буквой соответствующий ответ на вопрос:1. What type of ship is the “Kansk”? a) general cargo ship b) container ship c) timber carrier2. What company is the consignee? a) Japanese b) Russian c) unknown3. What port are the goods to be delivered at? a) Vladivostok b) Tokyo c) unknown4. How many bills of lading has the master affirmed to? a) three b) four c) unknown5. What is one bill of lading exchanged for? a) contract of carriage b) delivery order c) charges

10. Укажите номер соответствующего русского эквивалента: 1. apparent 1. безоговорочно 2. shipment 2. видимый3. condition 3. включать4. measurement 4. выбор5. account 5. держатель6. adequacy 6. доверять7. subject to 7. затрагивать8. clause 8. либо9. insert 9. недействительный 10.option 10.обусловливать11.cease 11.объём12.assign 12.оплата13.charges 13.отправитель14.whether 14.перевозка15.affect 15.платежи

16.custodian 16.подписать17.entrust 17.правопреемник 18.entitled 18.прекращаться19.stipulate 19.принимать20.conformity 20.пункт21.expressly 21.свидетельство 22.accept 22.соответствие23.witness 23.состояние24.void 24.с соблюдением25.affirm 25.счёт 26. уполномочен 27.хранитель

Test 4

1. Укажите буквой соответствующий предлог:1. Each package must be well packed ... loading. a) after b) before c) on2. Packages must be provided ... labels. a) with b) for c) at3. The shipper is responsible ... proper packing. a) with b) on c) for4. The owner shall indemnify the carrier ... all expenses. a) from b) against c) on5. The owner shall pay triple freight... the quantity exceeding. a) for b) at c) on6. The shipper is liable to the carrier ... any loss. a) for b) from c)at

2. Укажите буквами пары синонимов:1. discharging a. to be at liberty2. to supply b. condition3. property c. correct4. to state d. indemnity5. state e. responsible6. to conceal f. ascertain7. accurate g. unloading8. particulars h. to hide9. to have the right i. to provide10. make sure j. to fit11. liable k. caused12. to fasten l. data13. amount m. quantity14. to guarantee n. to indicate15. resulted o. securely

3. Укажите буквами соответствующий английский эквивалент:1. несёт ответственность a) to be liable b) liability с) is liable2. должно определяться a) shall be determined b) to determine c) is determined3. состояние неупакованных товаров a) to state unpacked goods b) state of the goods unpacked c) statement on goods unpacked4. неправильно указанный a) not correct statement b) to state incorrectly c) incorrectly stated5. заявленный вес a) weight declared b)to declare weight c) declaration of weight

4. Укажите буквами правильный перевод:1. упаковка

a) to pack b) package c) packing2. достаточность

a) sufficient b) sufficiency c) sufficiently3. точность

a) exact b) exactitude c) exactly4. убедиться

a) ascertain b) accuracy c) exceed5. скрыть

a) consent b) contents c) conceal5. Укажите буквой соответствующий перевод подчёркнутых выражений1. In default of these conditions the carrier is not liable for loss, а) при соблюдении b) при нарушении с) при применении2. The number of animals proves to be incorrectly stated. a) оказывается неправильно указанным b) доказывает неправильное указание c) должно быть неправильно указанным3. The owner shall be responsible for any loss arising from shipper’s failing to indicate the defects. а) неправильно указал b) не указал с) забыл указать4. The carrier is at liberty to check whether the goods correspond with their description. a) какие-либо соответствующие грузы b) соответствуют ли грузы c) соответствие данных грузов5. The carrier shall be entitled to check the weight. a) должным образом проверяет b) обязан проверять c) имеет право проверять

6. Укажите буквой соответствующий английский эквивалент: 1. Packages (должны быть снабжены) with labels.

a) should provide b) to provide c) must be provided2. The carrier (имеет право) to check the goods.

a) shall be at liberty b) is responsible c) is bound 3. The weight (оказывается неправильно указанным).

a) shows incorrect statement b)indicated incorrectly stated c)proves to be incorrectly stated

4. The owner shall (застраховать перевозчика) against expenses. a) to indemnify the carrier b) indemnify the carrier

c) indemnity of the carrier 5. The sufficiency of packing (определяется) by master,

a) is determined b) is indicated c) is indemnified

7. Укажите буквой правильный ответ на вопрос:1. Who is responsible for packing of goods?2. Who is responsible for shipper’s declaration regarding the condition of goods?3. Who determines the sufficiency of packing?4. Who is liable for loss of cargo caused by the wrong description of goods?5. Who is entitled to check the weight of cargo? a) carrier b) owner of goods c) shipper

8. Укажите номер соответствующего русского эквивалента:1. each 1. весь2.distinct 2. внешний 3. unfit 3. возникать 4. securely 4. вызывать5. fasten 5. дополнительный6. default 6. излишек7.proper 7. каждый8. arise 8. надёжно9.accuracy 9. надлежащий

10. outer 10. нарушение11. particulars 11. начислять12. ascertain 12. неправильный13. whole 13. непригодный14. additional 14. объявлять15. amount 15. платежи16. means 16. прикреплять17. charges 17. сведения18. declare 18. согласие19. surplus 19. средства20.cause 20. сумма

21. точность 22. убедиться 23. чёткий

Test 5

1. Укажите буквой соответствующий предлог: 1. The shipper must hand over ... the carrier all documents, a) at b) from c) to 2. He is discharged ... liability for loss of goods, a) from b) under c) on 3. The goods are subject... rapid deterioration.

a) to b) under c) until4. The goods cannot cover the freight owing ... small value,

a) with b) at c) to5. Carrier's liability ... goods cannot exceed the amount forwarded,

a) with b) for c) after6. The shipper may demand redelivery of goods ... writing,

a) at b) after c) in2. Укажите буквами понятия, близкие по значению: 1. a person shipping goods

a) master b) shipper с) consignee 2. a person receiving goods

a) agent b) shipper c) consignee 3. the agreement on carriage of goods

a) bill of lading b) freight c) manifest 4. the money paid for carriage of goods

a) freight b) forward c) value 5. not to indicate something

a) concern b) conseal c) subject 6. the goods loaded without any package

a) unfit b) unloaded c) unpacked

3. Укажите буквами соответствующий английский эквивалент: 1. грузы, обозначенные в коносаменте

a) nominate goods in the B/L b) name the goods in the B/L c) goods as denominated in the B/L

2. при выдаче коносаментаa) issue B/L b) to give B/L c) on the issue of B/L

3. право распоряжаться грузамиa) entitled to dispose of goods b) the right of disposing of goods

с) to dispose of goods 4. освобождается от ответственности a) discharged from liability b) subject to responsibility c) carrier’s liability 5. фрахт, оговоренный за перевозку a) to stipulate freight for shipment b) freight stipulated for shipment c) to reimburse the above freight 6. не обязан a) not under duty b) not liable c) not entitled

4. Укажите буквами правильный перевод:

1. ценностьa) verify b) value с) evaporation2. утрускаa) breakage b) scattering c) depreciation3. ранееa) previously b) dispose c) early4. уполномоченныйa) apprehended b) entitled c) demanded5. обусловливатьa) reserve b) execute c) stipulate6. компенсироватьa) commence b) reimburse c) express

5. Укажите буквой соответствующий перевод подчёркнутых слов и выражений:1. The carrier is not under duty to verify the accuracy of documents.a) не является проверяющим b) не обязан проверять c) не уполномочен сверять2. The ship is discharged from liability for loss.а) освобождается b) разгружается с) разгружен3. Freight must be paid ship or goods lost or not lost.a) независимо от того, погибнет судно или груз или нетb) судно или груз утрачены или не утраченыc) неизвестно, утеряны ли судно или груз4. The right of disposing of goods belongs to the shipper.а) расположение b) укладка с) распоряжение5. The right of readdressing belongs to the shipper provided he produces all copies of the B/L.а) при условии b) при снабжении с) представил6. The carrier is exempt from responsibility.a) привлекается к ответственностиb) освобождается от ответственностиc) несёт ответственность

6. Укажите буквой соответствующий английский эквивалент:1. The shipper must (вручить) to the carrier all documents, a) to hand b) to hand to c) hand over2. He is discharged from liability for loss (в результате) insufficiency of the documents.

a) to result b) result from c) resulting from3. There may occur (обесценение) of cargo.

a) depreciation b) denomination c) destination4. This amount exceeds the freight (оговоренный) for shipment,

a) executed b) stipulated c) forwarded5. The owner must (возместить) all expenses.

a) reimburse b) dispose c) stipulate

7. Укажите буквой правильный ответ на вопрос:1. Where must the snipper hand over to the carrier all documents?

a) at the place of destination b) at the place of shipment c) at the port of discharging

2. What charges shall be payable at the place of shipment?a) additional charges b) due under the contract of carriage c) fully or partly unpaid

3. Who pays charges fully or partly unpaid?a) receiver b) carrier c) shipper

4. Who cannot dispose of the goods?a) shipper b) consignee c) carrier

5. Who must reimburse expenses resulting from readdressing?a) shipowner b) consignee c) owner of goods

8. Укажите номер соответствующего русского эквивалента:1. hand 1. возместить2. verify 2. вручать3. delay 3. выполнять4. payable 4. задержка5. connection 5. залог6. apprehend 6. из-за7. deterioration 7. испарение8. owing to 8. обесценивание9. accordance 9. обязан

10. occur 10. оговаривать11. evaporation 11. однако12. depreciation 12. оный13. same 13. опасаться14. dispose 14. оплачиваемый15. provided 15. ответственный16. bail 16. порча17. however 17. при условии18. execute 18. произойти19. stipulate 19. пытаться20. reimburse 20. распоряжаться 21. сверять 22. связь 23. соответствие

Test 6

1. Укажите буквой соответствующий предлог: 1. Blockade, acts of war and ice are ... carrier’s control, a) above b) under c) beyond 2. The carrier is entitled to land the goods ... shipper’s risk, a) on b) at c) to

3. The goods shall be forwarded to the original port... the new bill of lading.a) under b) on c) from

4. The goods are delivered ... storage to local warehouses,a) on b) after c) for

5. The owner fails to take delivery of the goods immediately ... the ship’s arrival.a) at b) from c) on

2. Укажите буквами синонимы:

1 to discharge a) charges2 cargo b) quickly3 to be responsible c) breach4 to be at liberty d) to land the goods5 to desire e) to be liable for6 expenses f) to be under duty7 to be inserted g) to comply8 to be bound h) exempt from responsibility9 to agree i) at once

10 fast j) aim11 discharged from liability k) goods12 default 1) to want13 immediately m) to be included14 purpose n) to be entitled

3. Укажите буквами антонимы:

1 discharge a) to conceal2 port of destination b) main3 with c) load4 nearest d) to be discharged from liability5 to inform e) port of shipment6 to be liable f) consignee7 fast g) without8 auxiliary h) slow9 shipper i) farthest

4. Укажите буквой соответствующий перевод подчёркнутых слов и выражений: 1. Blockade, acts of war are causes beyond carrier’s control. а) вызывает b) причины с) случаи 2. Should the carrier comply with the request the goods shall be forwarded to the port of destination.

a) должен ли перевозчик согласитьсяb) перевозчик должен согласитьсяc) если перевозчик согласится

3. Any reasonable deviation is not a breach of the contract. а) текущий b) обычный с) обоснованный

4. Sundays and holidays not excepted. a) не исключая b) не включены c) не исключили

5. Master is at liberty to land the same on the quay. а) такой же, как b) некоторое количество с) оный

5. Укажите соответствующий английский эквивалент: 1. Any deviation for saving life is not an (нарушение) of the contract. a) interruption b) restraint c) infringement 2. The carrier (имеет право) to land the goods at the original port of destination.

a) is entitled b) is liable c) is bound3. Goods shall be (направлены) to the port of destination.

a) to forward b) forwarded c) were forwarded4. The owner of goods shall pay all expenses (понесённые) by the carrier

a) incurred b) inserted c) included4. The owner (не появляется) to take delivery of goods.

a) not to appear b) fails to appear c) does not fail to appear

6. Укажите правильный ответ на вопрос: 1. Where must the goods be discharged if they cannot be discharged at the port of destination?

a) at the nearest port b) at any port c) at the port of shipment2. At whose risk are the goods discharged at the port of forced discharging?

a) shipper’s b) carrier’s c) consignee’s3. How many storage days are free of charge in a port of forced discharging?

a) five b) three c) four4. Where must the goods be stored if there are no carrier's warehouses?

a) only in local warehouses b) only on the quay c) at any place in accordance with the customs of the port

5. What must the carrier do if the owner of goods fails to take delivery of the goods?a) to land the goods on the quay b) to deliver the goods to local warehousesc) to forward the goods to original port of destination

7. Укажите номер соответствующего русского эквивалента: 1. event 1. включать 2. restraint 2. вспомогательный

3. сause 3. вынужденный 4. destination 4. желать 5. desire 5. запрет 6. apply 6. местный 7. comply 7. назначение 8. insert 8. нарушение 9. forced 9. обоснованный 10. purpose 10. обращаться 11. deviation 11. отклонение 12. reasonable 12. перерыв 13. deem 13. причина 14. breach 14. пункт 15. auxiliary 15. рассматривать 16. interruption 16. случай 17. clause 17. соглашаться 18. fit 18. счёт 19. целесообразно 20. цель

Test 7

1. Укажите буквой соответствующий предлог: 1. The carrier shall have a lien ... the goods, a) at b) to c) upon 2. The carrier shall be at liberty to sell the goods ... public auction, a) form b) by c) on

3. Goods subject to deterioration are sold ... the expiration of two montha) after b) on c) before

4. The carrier may recover the difference ... the owner,a) from b) at c) on

5. The carrier shall be bound ... the voyage to make the ship seaworthy,a) during b) after c) before

2. Укажите соответствующий английский эквивалент:

1. истечениеa) evidence b) expiration с) apparent

2. снятиеa) removal b) recover c) respect

3. ошибкиa) errors b) arrears c) areas

4. условиеa) preservation b) partial c) provision

5. скрытыйa) discoverable b) latent c) unclaimed

3. Укажите правильный перевод: 1. иметь залоговое право на груз

a) to dispose of the goods b) to cover all expenses for the goodsc) to have a lien upon the goods

2. владелец не покрыл все суммыa) the owner has not covered all amountsb) not to cover all amounts to the ownerc) unless the owner covered all amounts

3. очевидное доказательствоa) partial loss and evidence b) in accordance with evidence

c) prima facie evidence4. не может быть обнаружен

a) be not entitled b) be not apparent c) cannot be recovered5. недоимки должны быть уплачены

a) overcharges must be paid b) arrears must be paidc) arrears must be recovered

4. Укажите соответствующий перевод подчёркнутых слов и выражений: 1. After the ship's arrival the goods have not been claimed. a) не были востребованы b) не имели претензии c) к грузам не были предъявлены претензии 2. Goods subject to deterioration may be sold. a) хороший предмет испорчен b) грузы, подверженные порче

с) с соблюдением правил, защищающих от порчи3. The proceeds shall be used for covering charges.

а) следует b) вырученные деньги с) переплаты4. The carrier is entitled to recover the arrears from overcharges.

a) возместить недоимки из переплатb) взыскать неоплату из общих расходовc) покрыть расходы из переплат

5. Partial loss is not apparent by customary delivery of goods,а) таможня b) таможенный с) обычный

5. Укажите соответствующий английский эквивалент: 1. Charges and expenses (причитающиеся по контракту).

a) due under the contract b) in accordance with the contractc) subject to the contract

2. The owner has not covered all amounts (как указано выше) in paragraph 13.a) to indicate b) as to show c) as aforesaid

3. The shipper (должен быть извещён) in writing.a) to notify b) must be notified c) is liable to notify

4. Such (снятие груза) shall be prima facie evidence,a) removal b) recover c) handling

5. The goods may be sold before (истечение) of two months,a) deterioration b) diligence c) expiration

6. Укажите правильный ответ на вопрос:1. When shall the carrier have a lien upon the goods?

a) after the ship’s arrival b) within two months c) until payment of all charges2. When may the goods be sold by public auction?

a) after the expiration of two months b) at the time of removal of goodsc) within three days

3. What goods may be sold before the expiration of two months?a) unclaimed goods b) goods with latent defectsb) goods subject to rapid deterioration

4. What shall be prima facie evidence of delivery of goods?a) removal of goods b) arrival at the port c) covering all charges

5. Who must make the ship seaworthy? a) shipper b) carrier c) consignee

7. Укажите номер соответствующего русского эквивалента:1. lien 1. аукцион2. relation 2. возместить 3. duties 3. востребовать4. claim 4. вырученные деньги5. aforesaid 5. вышеуказанный6. auction 6. залоговое право7. subject 7. истечение8. deterioration 8. камера9. expiration 9. мореходный10.

10. proceeds 10. недоимки11. recover 11. обычный12. removal 12. отношение13. evidence 13. переплата14. customary 14. подвергающийся15. receipt 15. получение16. arrears 16. порча17. overcharge 17. провизия18. seaworthy 18. сборы19. chamber 19. свидетельство20. provisions of § 20. скрытый21. latent 21. снятие 22. таможня 23. условия

Test 8

1. Укажите соответствующий предлог:1. The carrier shall be responsible ... loss of goods,

a) after b) for c) from2. The goods have been loaded ... shipper's means,

a) by b) on c) at

3. Defects of packing are not discoverable ... outside,a) from b) at c) by

4. Damage resulted ... absence of packing,a) by b) after c) from

5. The remuneration ... each package shall be estimated,a) on b) per c) for

2. Укажите соответствующий английский эквивалент:1. причина

a) cause b) case c) clause2. в частности

a) partly b) partially c) particularly3. упущение

a) infringement b) loss c) omission4. свойственный

a) latent b) inherent c) estimated5. превышать

a) except b) exceed c) insert

3. Укажите правильный перевод:1. причины, которых нельзя было избежать

a) causes not to be avoided b) causes were not avoidedc) causes which could not have been avoided

2. дефекты, не обнаруживаемые по внешнему видуa) defects not discoverable from outside b) to discover defects from outsidec) not to discover outside defects

3. поскольку ущерб произошёл из-за упаковкиa) as well as damage which resulted from packingb) in case of damage resulting from packingc) in so far as the damage resulted from packing

4. в случае целых пакетовa) in the event of whole packages b) in the case of sound packagesc) in relation to good packages

5. если стоимость не была объявленаa) if the value is not declared b) unless the value has been declaredc) if the remuneration has not been declared

4. Укажите соответствующий перевод подчёркнутых слов и выражений:1. Delay has arisen from causes which could not have been avoided.

a) не может избежать b) нельзя избежать c) нельзя было избежать2. The goods have been delivered without packing.

а) доставить b) доставил с) доставлены3. Damage has actually resulted from packing.

а) фактически b) действенно с) актуально4. The remuneration shall be estimated in accordance with the value,

а) возмещение будет объявлено b) компенсация должна определяться

c) оценка будет определена 5. The remuneration cannot exceed 100 rabies.

а) превышать b) составлять с) определять

5. Укажите соответствующий английский эквивалент:1. These causes could not have been avoided (при должной распорядительности

перевозчика).a) by responsibility of the carrier b) by carrier’s due diligencec) with proper carrier’s agreement

2. Act or (упущение отправителя) when the goods have been loaded by shipper’s means.a) omission of the shipper b) infringement of the shipperc) shipper’s due diligence

3. Damage has resulted from (отсутствие) of packing,a) absent b) to be absent c) absence

4. Any clause (противоречащий) to the rales shall be null,a) non-correspondence b) contradictory c) insufficient

5. The remuneration shall be estimated at the port of ship’s destination on the day when (последнее прибыло).a) the latter has arrived a) letter arrived c) at last arrived

6. Укажите правильный ответ на вопрос:1. What is the carrier responsible for?

a) declaration of the value of the goodsb) defects of packing not discoverable from outsidec) damage to the goods unless it has arisen from causes which could not have been

avoided2. What cause of loss of goods cannot be avoided by carriers due diligence?

a) defects of packing discoverable from outsideb) preparation of cool chambers for carriage of cargoc) force majeure

3. How many points are inserted in article 18?a) just a few b) a dozen c) several

4. How is the remuneration per lost goods estimated?a) in accordance with their value b) according to the local customsb) in accordance with provisions of paragraph 18

5. When cannot remuneration exceed 100 rubles?a) unless the value has been declared b) unil the goods are discharged

b) unless non-correspondence has been found

7. Укажите номер соответствующего русского эквивалента:1. avoid 1. болезнь2. due 2. влажность3. diligence 3. власти4. particularly 4. волнение5. peril 5. действие6. effect 6. должный

7. humidity 7. запрет8. authorities 8. избегать9. restraint 9. компенсация

10. недействительный

10. commotion 10. недействительный11. omission 11. обнаруживать12. means 12. опасность13. inherent 13. особенно14. vice 14. отношение15. wastage 15. попытка16. latent 16. порок17. although 17. превышать18. actually 18. противоречащий19. sound 19. распорядительность20. disease 20. свойственный21. custody 21. скрытый22. attempting 22. средства23. regard 23. упущение24. contradictory 24. усушка25. void 25. фактически26. remuneration 26. хотя

27. хранение 28. целый

Test 9

1. Укажите соответствующий предлог: 1. Goods shipped ... master’s knowledge shall be discharged. a) with b) at c) without

2. Damages resulting ... such shipment must be paid.a) from b) on c) at

3. The shipper declares the exact weight of packages ... one and a half tons. a) on b) at c) over 4. Her engines were ... every respect in a seaworthy condition. a) at b) in c) into 5. General average shall be adjusted according ... Rules. a) with b) to c) at 6. All disputes arising ... this B/L shall be judged in Russia. a) at b) under c) to

2. Укажите правильный перевод: 1. отправка

a) to ship b) shipper с) shipment2. непосредственно

a) direct b) directly c) preliminary3. действительный

a) valid b) void c) valued4. существование

a) exist b) existing c) existence5. обязательство

a) obligation b) warranty c) provision

3. Укажите соответствующий английский эквивалент: 1. по усмотрению капитанаa) the master’s knowledge b) at the option of the master c) master is obliged

2. могут быть обезвреженыa) may be rendered innocuous b) may render innocuous c) shall be rendered innocuous

3. разгружаться их средствамиa) by their means of discharging b) to be discharged by their means c) to discharge by their means of discharging

4. считается окончательным и полным свидетельствомa) is calculated for final and complete evidenceb) estimated final and complete evidencec) deemed to be final and complete evidence

5. освобождается от любого обязательстваa) free from any duty b) discharge from any business c) discharge any obliga-tion

4. Укажите соответствующий перевод подчёркнутых выражений:1. The latter being obliged to pay the freight in full.

a) письмо является обязательным b) последний обязан c) последний предъявляет обязательства

2. The shipper declares the weight of any single package.a) один единственный пакет b) только один пакет

c) любой отдельный пакет3. The carrier has liberty to transfer the goods to other ships.

a) трансформировать грузы b) переслать грузы c) переделать грузы4. The packages are to be discharged by their means.

а) их средства b) их значения с) их обозначение5. Provisions of the B/L remaining valid.

a) остаются в силе b) остаются недействительными c) должны остаться действительными

5. Укажите соответствующий английский эквивалент: 1. The (расчёт по общей аварии) shall be prepared in Russia.

a) average adjustment b) to adjust average c) calculations on average2. The shipper (обязан заявить) the exact weight.

a) obliged to estimate b) obliged to declare c) is at liberty to announce3. Such class discharges any obligation (подразумеваемого) under this B/L.

a) employed b) implied c) obliged4. The existence of such class is (полное и окончательноe свидетельство).

a) finished and full evidence b) finally and completely innocuous c) final and complete evidence

5. Her engines (как во время погрузки, так и) during the voyage were in a fit condition.

a) both at the time of loading and b) as at the time of loading and c) like at the time of loading and

6. Укажите правильный ответ на вопрос:1. What may be done with explosive goods becoming a danger to the ship?

a) transfer the goods belonging to another ownerb) forward the goods by other means of transportc) to land the goods at any place

2. Who loads extra-weights?a) owner of goods b) carrier c) receiver

3.What freight is paid for the goods shipped without master’s knowledge?a) agreed freight b) double freight c) full freight

4.What is the evidence that the ship can carry refrigerated goods?a) existence of refrigerating machinery b) declaration of the master and shipownerc) existence of the classification of the Register

5. What rules adjust general average?a) Merchant Shipping Code b) York-Antwerp Rules c) Register of Snip-ping

7. Укажите номер соответствующего русского эквивалента:1.knowledge I. безвредный2.arising 2. власти3.inflammable 3. ведение4.destroy 4. возникающий5.innocuous 5. воспламеняющийся6.means 6. выражать7.preliminary 7. гарантия8.provisions 8. действительный9.valid 9. запасной

10. existence 10. изоляция11. deemed 11. механизм12. evidence 12. обязательства13. spare 13. определять14. gear 14. подразумевать15. insulation 15. предварительный16. warranty 16. разбирать в суде17. express 17. разрушать18. imply 18. рассматривается19. average 19. свидетельство10. adjust 20. средства11. judge 21. существование12. mention 22. убытки от аварии11. determine 23. упоминать

24. урегулировать25. условия

Test 10

1. Укажите соответствующий перевод подчёркнутых выражений:1. the goods taken on board a) взявший b) взяли c) взятые2. in apparent good order and condition a) приказ b) заказ c) порядок3. port of discharge or so near thereto a) к нему b) там c) для того4. freight and charges as arranged a) как узаконено b) как условлено c) договорились5. neither the weight nor the measure a) никакой b) ни за что c) ни

2. Укажите буквами синонимы: 1. consignee a. condition 2. number b. cost 3. gross c. details 4. arranged d. give up 5. particulars e. owner of cargo 6. value f. quantity 7. merchant g. receiver 8. surrender h. settled 9. commerce i. total 10. provision j. trade

3. Укажите правильный перевод:1. taken on board in apparent good order and condition a) взяты на борт в очевидном состоянии и условии b) взяты на борт в очевидном порядке и условии c) взяты на борт в надлежащем по виду состоянии и условии 2. all particulars thereof being as stated a) все подробности этого являются указанными b) все сведения об этом являются такими, как указано c) все частные сведения об этом как будто указаны3.otherwise incorporated a) иным образом внесены b) либо включены c) не иначе, как внесены4. subject to the provisions of the code a) при соблюдении условий кодекса b) предметы, относящиеся к условиям кодекса c) предмет обеспечения кода5. certain rules relating to bills of lading a) применимые к коносаменту правила b) определённые правила, относящиеся к коносаменту с) некоторые правила, определяющие коносамент

4. Укажите соответствующий английский эквивалент:1. All particulars being as (указаны) by merchants. a) to state b) stated c) was stated2. The carrier (берёт обязательство) to deliver the goods. a) undertakes b) takes responsibility c) arranges3. The B/L shall (иметь силу) subject to the provisions of the code. a) have strength b) have affected c) have effect4. Any dispute (возникающий) under this B/L shall be referred to arbitration. a) arise b) arising c) is arising5. convention (применимая) at the port of shipment a) applicable b) certain c) referred

5. Укажите номер соответствующего английского эквивалента: 1. грузоотправитель 1. applicable 2. получатель 2. arrange 3. грузовладелец 3. conformity 4. судовладелец 4. consignee 5. подержанный 5. duly 6. брутто 6. exception 7. опись 7. gross 8. узаконенный 8. inventory 9. договариваться 9. legal 10. детали 10. merchant 11. брать обязательства 11. otherwise 12. оговорка 12. particulars 13. исключение 13. refer 14. иным образом 14. secondhand 15. сдавать 15. shipowner 16. должным образом 16. shipper 17. передавать 17. statement 18. при подчинении 18. stipulation 19. применимый 19. subject 20. surrender 21. undertake

Test 11

1. Укажите соответствующий предлог:1. “Carrier means the party … whose behalf this B/L has been signed. a) on b) from c) at2. The goods may be carried … any route. a) by b) at c) on

3. The carrier shall be entitled to sub-contract … any terms. a) to b) at c) on

4. In regard to loading this B/L is subject … the terms of affreightment. a) on b) to c) of

5. The carrier is at liberty to stow the goods … poop, forecastle or any covered space. a) on b) in c) at

6. Where the goods are stated herein to be received and/or shipped as deck cargo such goods are carried … merchant’s risk. a) for b) on c) at

2. Укажите правильный перевод: 1. от чьего имени a) on whose name b) on whose behalf c) from whose behalf 2. для какой бы то ни было целиa) for any purpose b) for what purpose c) for whatsoever purpose

3. подчиняется условиямa) is subject to the terms b) is the subject of the conditions c) considered the terms

4. принять грузыa) stipulate the receipt of goods b) state the receipt of goods c) take receipt of goods

5. заявить права на оплату простояa) declare the demurrage b) claim demurrage c) declare the rights of demurrage

6. уведомлять грузовладельцаa) give notice to the merchant b) note the merchant c) notice the merchant

3. Укажите соответствующий перевод подчёркнутых выражений:1. “Ship” includes any vessel owned, chartered or operated by the carrier used in the performance of the Contract, evidenced by this Bill of Lading.a) подтверждённый b) засвидетельствованный c) заявленный 2. The goods may be carried by any route whatsoever, advertised or customary route.a) подтверждённый b) засвидетельствованный c) объявленный3. The goods may be carried together with other goods, dangerous or otherwise.a) обычный b) иначе c) какой бы то ни было4. The merchant fails to take receipt of the goods as stipulated above.a) оговорено b) подтверждено c) заявлено5. The carrier shall have the right to claim demurrage and/or discharge and store the goods as set out above.a) изложено b) предусмотрено c) оговорено6. In this case the carrier shall be under no liability for any loss or detention.

a) ущерб b) претензия c) задержка

4. Укажите соответствующий английский эквивалент:1. “Ship” includes any vessel (зафрахтованное) by the carrier.a) have chartered b) was chartered c) chartered2. The goods may (перевозиться) by any route.a) be carried b) carry c) carried3. The carrier shall be entitled to sub-contract the whole carriage and all duties (предпринятые) by the carrier.a) undertaken b) were undertaken c) been undertaken4. In the absence of such an agreement the goods (принимаются) under ship’s tackle.a) received b) are received c) receiving5. The carrier shall be under no liability for any loss (возникающую) from any cause.a) is arising b) arising c) arisen6. The carrier (не требуется) to give notice to the merchant of any stowage.a) does not require b) not required c) is not required

5. Укажите номер соответствующего английского эквивалента:1. бак 1. adjust2. выполнение 2. advertise 3. договориться 3. affreightment4. задержка 4. applicable5. засвидетельствовать 5. arrange6. заявлять права 6. article7. излагать 7. claim8. иначе 8. consolidate9. маршрут 9. detention10. масштаб 10. evidence11. объединять 11. forecastle12. объявлять 12. optional13. по выбору 13. otherwise14. подвергаться 14. performance15. подобный 15. poop16. предмет 16. provide17. предпринимать 17. receiver18. предусматривать 18. route19. приёмщик 19. scope20. применимый 20. set out21. рассматривать 21. similar22. регулировать 22. treat23. фрахтование 23. undergo24. ют 24. undertake

тест-зачёт по всему материалу уроков 1 - 17

KEYS

Test 1

1. 1 – a 2. 1 – bd 3. 1 – b 4. 1 – b 5. 1 – b 6. 1 – a 7. 1 – a 2 – a 2 – ad 2 – c 2 – c 2 – c 2 – c 2 – a 3 – c 3 – bc 3 – a 3 – b 3 – c 3 – b 3 – c 4 – b 4 – ab 4 – c 4 – a 4 – a 4 – c 4 – b 5 – c 5 – ac 5 – b 5 – c 5 – b 5 – a 5 – b 6 – a 6 – ad 6 – a 6 – a 6 – b 6 – c

8. 1 – 1 6 – 23 11 – 13 16 – 12 21 – 6 2 – 11 7 – 25 12 – 16 17 – 8 22 – 5 3 – 21 8 – 15 13 – 14 18 – 28 23 – 17 4 – 4 9 – 9 14 – 18 19 – 22 24 – 10 5 – 2 10 – 3 15 – 7 20 – 19 25 – 26 26 – 20

Test 2

1. 1 – a 2. 1 – a 6 – o 11 – n 3. 1 – a 4. 1 – c 5. 1 – c 2 – b 2 – m 7 – j 12 – e 2 – b 2 – a 2 – b 3 – b 3 – b 8 – k 13 – c 3 – a 3 – a 3 – b 4 – c 4 – i 9 – g 14 – l 4 – c 4 – b 4 – a 5 – c 5 – d 10 – f 15 – h 5 – b 5 – c 5 – a 6 – a 6 – c 6 – b 6 – c

6. 1 – b 7. 1 – a 8. 1 – 6 6 – 3 11 – 13 16 – 18 21 – 16 2 – a 2 – a 2 – 19 7 – 5 12 – 8 17 – 20 22 – 7 3 – b 3 – b 3 – 21 8 – 12 13 – 24 18 – 22 23 – 14 4 – c 4 – c 4 – 23 9 – 11 14 – 9 19 – 15 24 – 4 5 – a 5 – c 5 – 25 10 – 2 15 – 26 20 – 10 25 – 17 6 – b 6 – b

Test 3

1. 1 – b 6 – b 2. 1 – b 3. 1 – ac 4. 1 – c 5. 1 – b 6. 1 – c 7. 1 – a 2 – c 7 – c 2 – a 2 – bc 2 – a 2 – b 2 – a 2 – c 3 – c 8 – b 3 – c 3 – ab 3 – c 3 – c 3 – c 3 – a 4 – a 9 – a 4 – a 4 – cd 4 – b 4 – a 4 – c 4 – b 5 – a 10 – c 5 – d 5 – cd 5 – a 5 – c 5 – b 5 – c 6 – b

8. 1 – c 9. 1 – c 10. 1 – 2 6 – 22 11 – 18 16 – 27 21 – 1 2 – a 2 – a 2 – 14 7 – 24 12 – 17 17 – 6 22 -19 3 – b 3 – c 3 – 23 8 – 20 13 – 15 18 – 26 23 -21 4 – c 4 – c 4 – 11 9 – 3 14 – 8 19 – 10 24 – 9 5 – b 5 – b 5 –25 10 – 4 15 – 7 20 – 22 25 -16

Test 4

1. 1 – b 2. 1 – g 6 – h 11 – e 3. 1 – c 4. 1 – c 5. 1 – b 6. 1 – c 2 – a 2 – i 7 – c 12 – j 2 – a 2 – b 2 – a 2 –a 3 – c 3 – o 8 – l 13 – m 3 – b 3 – b 3 – b 3 –c 4 – b 4 – n 9 – a 14 – d 4 – c 4 – a 4 – b 4 –b 5 – c 5 – b 10 – f 15 – k 5 – a 5 – c 5 – c 5 –a 6 – a

7. 1 – c 8. 1 – 7 6 – 10 11 – 17 16 – 19 2 – b 2 – 23 7 – 9 12 – 22 17 – 15 3 – a 3 – 13 8 – 3 13 – 1 18 – 14 4 – c 4 – 8 9 – 21 14 – 5 19 – 6 5 – a 5 – 16 10 – 2 15 – 20 20 – 4

Test 5

1. 1 – c 2. 1 – b 3. 1 – c 4. 1 – b 5. 1 – b 6. 1 – c 7. 1 – b 2 – a 2 – c 2 – c 2 – b 2 – a 2 – c 2 – b 3 – a 3 – a 3 – b 3 – a 3 – a 3 – a 3 – a 4 – c 4 – a 4 – a 4 – b 4 – c 4 – b 4 – c 5 – b 5 – b 5 – b 5 – c 5 – a 5 – a 5 – c 6 – c 6 – c 6 – a 6 – b 6 – b

8. 1 – 2 6 – 13 11 – 7 16 – 5 2 – 21 7 – 16 12 – 8 17 – 11 3 – 4 8 – 6 13 – 12 18 – 3 4 – 14 9 – 23 14 – 20 19 – 10 5 – 22 10 – 18 15 – 17 20 – 1

Test 6

1. 1 – c 2. 1 – d 6 – a 11 – h 3. 1 – c 6 – d 4. 1 – b 2 – b 2 – k 7 – m 12 – c 2 – e 7 – h 2 – c 3 – a 3 – e 8 – f 13 – I 3 – g 8 – b 3 – c 4 – c 4 – n 9 – g 14 – j 4 – l 9 – f 4 – a 5 – c 5 – l 10 – b 5 – a 5 – c

5. 1 – c 6. 1 – a 7. 1 – 16 6 – 10 11 – 11 16 – 12 2 – a 2 – a 2 – 5 7 – 17 12 – 9 17 – 14 3 – b 3 – b 3 – 13 8 – 1 13 – 15 18 – 19 4 – a 4 – c 4 – 7 9 – 3 14 – 8 5 – b 5 – a 5 – 4 10 – 20 15 – 2

Test 7

1. 1 - c 2. 1 – b 3. 1 – c 4. 1 – a 5. 1 – a 6. 1 – c 2 – b 2 – a 2 – a 2 – b 2 – c 2 – a 3 – c 3 – a 3 – c 3 – b 3 – b 3 – c 4 – a 4 – c 4 – b 4 – a 4 – a 4 – a 5 – c 5 – b 5 – b 5 – c 5 – c 5 – b

7. 1 – 6 5 – 5 9 – 7 13 – 19 17 – 13 2 – 12 6 – 1 10 – 4 14 – 11 18 – 9 3 – 18 7 – 14 11 – 2 15 – 15 19 – 8 4 – 3 8 – 16 12 – 21 16 – 10 20 – 23 21 – 20

Test 8

1. 1 – b 2. 1 – a 3. 1 – c 4. 1 – c 5. 1 – b 6. 1 – c 2 – a 2 – c 2 – a 2 – c 2 – a 2 – c 3 – a 3 – c 3 – c 3 – a 3 – c 3 – b 4 – c 4 – b 4 – b 4 – b 4 – b 4 – a 5 – b 5 – b 5 – b 5 – a 5 – a 5 – a7. 1 – 8 5 – 12 9 – 7 13 – 20 17 – 26 21 – 27 25 – 10 2 – 6 6 – 5 10 – 4 14 – 16 18 – 25 22 – 15 26 – 9 3 – 19 7 – 2 11 – 23 15 – 24 19 – 28 23 – 14 4 – 13 8 – 3 12 – 22 16 – 21 20 – 1 24 – 18

Test 9

1. 1 – c 2. 1 – c 3. 1 – b 4. 1 – b 5. 1 – a 6. 1 – c 2 – a 2 – b 2 – a 2 – c 2 – b 2 – a 3 – c 3 – a 3 – b 3 – b 3 – b 3 – b

4 – b 4 – c 4 – c 4 – a 4 – c 4 – c 5 – b 5 – a 5 – c 5 – a 5 – a 5 – b 6 – b7. 1 – 3 5 – 1 9 – 8 13 – 9 17 – 6 21 – 16 2 – 4 6 – 20 10 – 21 14 – 11 18 – 14 22 – 23 3 – 5 7 – 15 11 – 18 15 – 10 19 – 22 23 – 13 4 – 17 8 – 25 12 – 19 16 – 7 20 – 24

Test 10

1. 1 - c 2. 1 – g 6 – b 3. 1 – c 4. 1 – b 2 – c 2 – f 7 – e 2 – b 2 – a 3 – a 3 – i 8 – d 3 – a 3 – c 4 – b 4 – h 9 – j 4 – a 4 – b 5 – c 5 – c 10 –a 5 – b 5 – a

5. 1 - 16 4 – 15 7 – 8 10 – 12 13 – 6 16 – 5 19 – 1 2 – 4 5 – 14 8 – 9 11 – 21 14 – 11 17 – 13 3 – 10 6 – 7 9 – 2 12 – 18 15 – 20 18 – 19

Test 11

1. 1 – 2. 1 – 3. 1 – 4. 1 – 5. 1 – 7 – 2 – 2 – 2 – 2 – 2 – 8 – 3 – 3 – 3 – 3 – 3 – 9 – 4 – 4 – 4 – 4 – 4 – 10-5 – 5 – 5 – 5 – 5 – 11-6 – 6 – 6 – 6 – 6 – 12-

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