Bio-oil Production from Biomass Fast Pyrolysis and its Upgrading

Ronghou Liu刘荣厚Full Professor with Tenure, Director,PhD，长聘教授、主任、博士长聘教授、主任、博士

Biomass Energy Engineering Research CentreSchool of Agriculture and Biology

Shanghai Jiao Tong University800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District

Shanghai 200240, P.R.China上海交通大学农业与生物学院生物质能工程研究中心Tel: 0086 21 34205744

Mobile: 0086 013681602458Email: liurhou@sjtu.edu.cn

中欧农业废弃物循环利用国际会议 , October 22-24,2018October October 22-24,201822-24,2018

Shanghai Jiao Tong University

There October 22-24,2018are October 22-24,20188 October 22-24,2018main October 22-24,2018parts

1.Introduction October 22-24,2018to October 22-24,2018Shanghai October 22-24,2018JiaoTong October 22-24,2018University(SJTU)

2.Mechanism October 22-24,2018of October 22-24,2018biomass October 22-24,2018pyrolysis October 22-24,2018

3.Rotating October 22-24,2018cone October 22-24,2018reactor October 22-24,2018

4.Fluidized October 22-24,2018bed October 22-24,2018reactor October 22-24,2018for October 22-24,2018biomass October 22-24,2018fast October 22-24,2018pyrolysis October 22-24,2018for October 22-24,2018bio-oil October 22-24,2018production October 22-24,2018developed October 22-24,2018by October 22-24,2018SJTU

5. October 22-24,2018Performance October 22-24,2018of October 22-24,2018a October 22-24,2018commercial-scale October 22-24,2018biomass October 22-24,2018fast October 22-24,2018pyrolysis October 22-24,2018plant October 22-24,2018for October 22-24,2018bio-oil October 22-24,2018production

6.Hydrodeoxygenation October 22-24,2018(HDO) October 22-24,2018of October 22-24,2018Bio-oil

7.Other October 22-24,2018Biomass October 22-24,2018Energy October 22-24,2018Research October 22-24,2018in October 22-24,2018SJTU

8. October 22-24,2018Selected October 22-24,2018Publications(SCI)

Shanghai Jiao Tong University

1.Introduction October 22-24,2018to October 22-24,2018Shanghai October 22-24,2018JiaoTong October 22-24,2018University(SJTU) ◆ Established in 1896

◆ There are 29 schools, including school of Agriculture and Biology, School of

Mechanical and Power Engineering, etc.

◆Students:49,838(Undergraduate16,221,graduate30,895, October 22-24,2018foreign October 22-24,2018student2,722);

Teachers:3,014

◆Area of campus: about 333 ha.

Shanghai Jiao Tong University

School October 22-24,2018of October 22-24,2018Agriculture October 22-24,2018and October 22-24,2018Biology October 22-24,2018(SJTU)

Biomass October 22-24,2018Energy October 22-24,2018Engineering October 22-24,2018Research October 22-24,2018Centre,

School October 22-24,2018of October 22-24,2018Agriculture October 22-24,2018and October 22-24,2018Biology October 22-24,2018, October 22-24,2018Shanghai October 22-24,2018JiaoTong October 22-24,2018University October 22-24,2018has October 22-24,2018

a October 22-24,2018lot October 22-24,2018of October 22-24,2018experiences October 22-24,2018in October 22-24,2018the October 22-24,2018field October 22-24,2018of October 22-24,2018biomass October 22-24,2018energy October 22-24,2018and October 22-24,2018environment,

including characterization of biomass, biomass pyrolysis, biogas ,biochar,

gasification, bioethanol, etc.

Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Biomass October 22-24,2018energy October 22-24,2018conversion October 22-24,2018technologies

Biomass

Direct October 22-24,2018combustion

Thermo-chemical conversion（ pyrolysis,

gasification）

Biological October 22-24,2018Conversion

Heat

Char October 22-24,2018

Bio-oil

Fuel October 22-24,2018gas

Ethanol

Biogas

Shanghai Jiao Tong University

2. October 22-24,2018Mechanism October 22-24,2018of October 22-24,2018biomass October 22-24,2018pyrolysis October 22-24,2018

If the pyrolysis conditions are proper, 100kg biomass can produce 70 kg bio-oil.

Shanghai Jiao Tong University

3.Rotating October 22-24,2018Cone October 22-24,2018Reactor October 22-24,2018

It October 22-24,2018was October 22-24,2018key October 22-24,2018project October 22-24,2018of October 22-24,2018Ministry October 22-24,2018of October 22-24,2018Science October 22-24,2018&Technology October 22-24,2018of October 22-24,2018China. October 22-24,2018Professor October 22-24,2018Ronghou October 22-24,2018Liu October 22-24,2018was October 22-24,2018Vice October 22-24,2018coordinator.

The October 22-24,2018biomass October 22-24,2018throughput: October 22-24,201850 October 22-24,2018kg/h

The October 22-24,2018bio-oil October 22-24,2018yield October 22-24,2018: October 22-24,201853% October 22-24,2018 October 22-24,2018 October 22-24,2018

Shanghai Jiao Tong University

4.Fluidized bed reactor for biomass fast pyrolysis for bio-oil production developed by SJTU

Biomass October 22-24,2018throughput:1-5 October 22-24,2018kg/h;

Reactor October 22-24,2018Temperature:400-600°C

Biomass October 22-24,2018particle October 22-24,2018size: October 22-24,2018<2mm

Shanghai Jiao Tong University*Effect of hot vapor filtration on the characterization of bio-

oil from rice husks with fast pyrolysis in a fluidized-bed

reactor

918/11/19

Shanghai Jiao Tong University

*Effect of hot vapor filtration on the characterization of bio-oil

from rice husks with fast pyrolysis in a fluidized-bed reactor

1018/11/19

Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Conclusion: October 22-24,2018It October 22-24,2018was October 22-24,2018found October 22-24,2018that October 22-24,2018the October 22-24,2018total October 22-24,2018bio-oil October 22-24,2018yield October 22-24,2018decreased October 22-24,2018and October 22-24,2018that October 22-24,2018the October 22-24,2018bio-oil October 22-24,2018has October 22-24,2018a October 22-24,2018higher October 22-24,2018water October 22-24,2018content, October 22-24,2018higher October 22-24,2018pH October 22-24,2018value, October 22-24,2018and October 22-24,2018lower October 22-24,2018alkali October 22-24,2018metal October 22-24,2018content October 22-24,2018when October 22-24,2018a October 22-24,2018HVF October 22-24,2018is October 22-24,2018used October 22-24,2018in October 22-24,2018the October 22-24,2018system.

Yield October 22-24,2018and October 22-24,2018physicochemical October 22-24,2018properties October 22-24,2018of October 22-24,2018bio-oil October 22-24,2018at October 22-24,2018condenser

Shanghai Jiao Tong University

*Effect of Selective Condensation on the Characterization of Bio-oil from Pine Sawdust Fast Pyrolysis Using a Fluidized-Bed Reactor

Shanghai Jiao Tong University

The flow chart of the fluidized bed reactor fast pyrolysis system

Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityResults

Conclusion October 22-24,2018 1 October 22-24,2018 : October 22-24,2018 The October 22-24,2018 total October 22-24,2018 bio-oil, October 22-24,2018 the October 22-24,2018 gases October 22-24,2018 and October 22-24,2018 the October 22-24,2018 char October 22-24,2018yields October 22-24,2018were October 22-24,201841.5%, October 22-24,201843.3%, October 22-24,201815.2% October 22-24,2018respectively October 22-24,2018;and October 22-24,201886.2 October 22-24,2018wt October 22-24,2018% October 22-24,2018water October 22-24,2018steam October 22-24,2018was October 22-24,2018condensed October 22-24,2018in October 22-24,2018condenser October 22-24,20181.

Yield and the Water Content of the Bio-oil at Different Condensers

Condenser 1# Condenser 2# Condenser 3# Condenser 4# Condenser 5#

Yield of bio-oil

(wt/%)

65.3 1.8 1.2 11.3 20.4

Water

content(wt/%)

33.21 7.82 7.45 7.35 7.45

Ratio of

collected water

content of oil a

86.2 0.6 0.4 3.3 9.5

Note: a The total water yield during the reaction process was equal to the sum of the product of mass and water content

at each condenser. The ratio of the collected water content of oil for each condenser is equal to the collected water yield

at each condenser divided by the total water yield .

(1) Yield and the Water Content of the Bio-oil at Different Condensers

Shanghai Jiao Tong University pH Value of the Bio-oil

1# 2# 3# 4# 5#

pH 2.66 2.73 2.78 2.78 2.78

Higher Heating Value (HHV) of the Bio-oil

1# 2# 3# 4# 5#

HHV (MJ/Kg) 14.9 22.6 22.9 22.7 23.5

The Effect of Temperature on the Viscosity of Bio-oil

20 ℃ 30 ℃ 40 ℃ 50 ℃ 60 ℃ 70 ℃ 80 ℃ 90 ℃

Viscosity

of bio-oil

1# (mm2/s)

9.10 1.95 1.35 1.21 0.94 0.63 0.54 0.53

Viscosity

of bio-oil

4# (mm2/s)

938.13 326.09 142.38 69.25 38.01 12.93 7.26 5.80

Viscosity

of bio-oil

5# (mm2/s)

1210.97 397.44 175.48 82.50 46.87 26.88 17.48 12.62

Conclusion October 22-24,20182: October 22-24,2018The bio-oil condensed in the later condensers has a lower water content, higher pH value, higher heating value, higher kinetic viscosity compared to the first one.

(2) Other properties

Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Conclusion October 22-24,20182: October 22-24,2018GC-MS showed that 102 types of chemical compounds were detected and most of the compounds were condensed at different condensers. The selective condensation is useful to separate the water and chemical compounds from bio-oil compared with direct contacting condensing.

(3) GC-MS Results

Shanghai Jiao Tong University

October 22-24,2018

5.Performance October 22-24,2018of October 22-24,2018a October 22-24,2018commercial-scale October 22-24,2018biomass October 22-24,2018fast October 22-24,2018pyrolysis October 22-24,2018plant October 22-24,2018forbio-oil October 22-24,2018production

BBS October 22-24,20182017 ， Shanghai, October 22-24,2018April October 22-24,201816-17,2017

Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Project October 22-24,2018Title ： Development October 22-24,2018of October 22-24,2018Equipment October 22-24,2018for October 22-24,2018Biomass October 22-24,2018Fast October 22-24,2018Pyrolysis October 22-24,2018for October 22-24,2018Bio-oil October 22-24,2018Production October 22-24,2018and October 22-24,2018its October 22-24,2018Demonstration October 22-24,2018in October 22-24,2018Thousand October 22-24,2018Ton October 22-24,2018Scale

Project October 22-24,2018type October 22-24,2018:The October 22-24,2018National October 22-24,2018Science October 22-24,2018and October 22-24,2018Technology October 22-24,2018Supporting October 22-24,2018Plan;

Ministry of Science and Technology of China

Organizer: October 22-24,2018Shanghai October 22-24,2018JiaoTong October 22-24,2018UniversityPartners:1) October 22-24,2018Zhejiang October 22-24,2018University October 22-24,2018 October 22-24,2018 October 22-24,2018 October 22-24,2018 October 22-24,2018 October 22-24,2018 October 22-24,2018 October 22-24,2018 October 22-24,20182)Shandong October 22-24,2018University October 22-24,2018of October 22-24,2018 October 22-24,2018Technology October 22-24,2018 3)Guangzhou October 22-24,2018 October 22-24,2018Institute October 22-24,2018of October 22-24,2018 October 22-24,2018Energy October 22-24,2018Conversion, October 22-24,2018Chinese October 22-24,2018Academy October 22-24,2018of October 22-24,2018

Science 4)University October 22-24,2018of October 22-24,2018Science October 22-24,2018and October 22-24,2018Technology October 22-24,2018of October 22-24,2018China October 22-24,2018 October 22-24,2018 October 22-24,2018 October 22-24,2018 October 22-24,2018 October 22-24,2018 October 22-24,2018 October 22-24,2018 October 22-24,20185) October 22-24,2018University October 22-24,2018of October 22-24,2018Science October 22-24,2018and October 22-24,2018Technology October 22-24,2018of October 22-24,2018South October 22-24,2018China October 22-24,2018

October 22-24,2018 October 22-24,2018 October 22-24,2018 October 22-24,2018 October 22-24,2018 October 22-24,2018 October 22-24,20186) October 22-24,2018 October 22-24,2018Company October 22-24,2018 October 22-24,2018 October 22-24,2018 October 22-24,2018Coordinator October 22-24,2018of October 22-24,2018the October 22-24,2018project: October 22-24,2018Ronghou October 22-24,2018Liu Period ： January October 22-24,20182011-December October 22-24,20182013

5.1 Financial support

Shanghai Jiao Tong University

5.2 Pyrolysis plant

A commercial-scale biomass fast pyrolysis plant, based on downdraft circulating fluidized bed technologywith biomass throughput of 1–3 T /h(Bio-oil yield:10000 t/a) has been jointly developed and built in Company and Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China for bio-oil production.

Shanghai Jiao Tong University

What is HDO?

--Hydrodeoxygenation

Why HDO? Hydrodeoxygenation is one of the most feasible

upgrading method.

Bio-oil HydrocarbonFuel

Catalyzed reaction at high T, P in liquid phase

H2O, CO2, CH4, C2~C4

6.Hydrodeoxygenation October 22-24,2018(HDO) October 22-24,2018of October 22-24,2018Bio-oil

Shanghai Jiao Tong University

This paper has been Top 20 Articles, in the Domain of Article 17360181, Since its Publication (2008)

7.1 Bioethanol 7.1 Bioethanol

7.Other October 22-24,2018Biomass October 22-24,2018Energy October 22-24,2018Research October 22-24,2018in October 22-24,2018SJTU

Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Optimal October 22-24,2018condition October 22-24,2018for October 22-24,2018bioethanol October 22-24,2018fermentation:

Fermentation October 22-24,2018temperature:37 October 22-24,2018°C October 22-24,2018,Agitation October 22-24,2018rate: October 22-24,2018200 October 22-24,2018rpm, October 22-24,2018

Particles October 22-24,2018stuffing October 22-24,2018rate:25%, October 22-24,2018pH October 22-24,20185.0.Ethanol October 22-24,2018yield:98.07%, October 22-24,2018Fermentation October 22-24,2018time: October 22-24,201811 October 22-24,2018

h. October 22-24,2018 October 22-24,2018

Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Biogas October 22-24,2018production October 22-24,2018from October 22-24,2018undiluted October 22-24,2018chicken October 22-24,2018manure October 22-24,2018and October 22-24,2018maize October 22-24,2018silage: October 22-24,2018A

study October 22-24,2018of October 22-24,2018ammonia October 22-24,2018inhibition October 22-24,2018in October 22-24,2018high October 22-24,2018solids October 22-24,2018anaerobic October 22-24,2018digestion

Chen Sun1,2,, Weixing Cao1, Charles J. Banks2, Sonia Heaven2, Ronghou Liu*1,2

1. Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China.

2. University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.

Corresponding author, Ronghou Liu,

Telephone (Fax): 0086 21 34205744.

Email address: liurhou@sjtu.edu.cn

7.2.Biogas Technology

Shanghai Jiao Tong University

• To evaluate the multi-inhibited AD system using CM and MS as the feedstock without any water addition;

• To determine the thresholds for ammonia inhibition/toxicity;

Methanogenesis October 22-24,2018was October 22-24,2018totally October 22-24,2018inhibited October 22-24,2018at October 22-24,2018TAN October 22-24,2018>9 October 22-24,2018g October 22-24,2018N October 22-24,2018L-1. October 22-24,201814C October 22-24,2018isotope October 22-24,2018labelling October 22-24,2018showed October 22-24,2018the October 22-24,2018predominant October 22-24,2018methanogenic October 22-24,2018pathway October 22-24,2018at October 22-24,2018high October 22-24,2018TAN October 22-24,2018was October 22-24,2018hydrogenotrophic. October 22-24,2018

Objectives:

Conclusions：

Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Results October 22-24,2018and October 22-24,2018conclusions: October 22-24,2018 October 22-24,2018 October 22-24,2018 October 22-24,2018 October 22-24,2018 October 22-24,2018 October 22-24,2018 October 22-24,2018 October 22-24,2018 October 22-24,2018The October 22-24,2018AHP October 22-24,2018pretreatment October 22-24,2018could:

• break October 22-24,2018down October 22-24,2018esterified(酯化） and October 22-24,2018etherified（醚化）醚化） linkage October 22-24,2018in October 22-24,2018

lignocellulose;• recover October 22-24,201890% October 22-24,2018of October 22-24,2018glucose October 22-24,2018and October 22-24,201880% October 22-24,2018of October 22-24,2018xylose（醚化）木糖） ;• remove October 22-24,201830%-50% October 22-24,2018of October 22-24,2018lignin;• increase October 22-24,2018methane October 22-24,2018yield October 22-24,2018and October 22-24,2018bio-digestibility October 22-24,2018for October 22-24,2018certain October 22-24,2018biomass.

October 22-24,2018 October 22-24,2018 October 22-24,2018 October 22-24,2018 October 22-24,2018It October 22-24,2018is October 22-24,2018necessary October 22-24,2018to October 22-24,2018utilize October 22-24,2018 October 22-24,2018the October 22-24,2018 October 22-24,2018liquid October 22-24,2018waste October 22-24,2018from October 22-24,2018the October 22-24,2018pretreatment.

Objective: to increase bio-digestibility and methane yield from crop residues via pretreatment

Shanghai Jiao Tong University

-863 Project by MOST

1)Developed a biochar application machine:

Scale ： 4753.8-34185.2 kg/h

2) The effect of biochar on soil and plant growth

Wood sawdust biochar could reduce the exchangeable acidity and aluminum by 84% and 88%, respectively at the 5% biochar amendment level.

7.3.Biochar Application for Soil Amendment and Heavy metal removal

Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Selected Publications(SCI)

[1]Linzheng Wang, Meiyun Chai, Ronghou Liu , et al. ⁎, et al. Synergetic effects during co-pyrolysis of biomass and waste tire: A study on product distribution and reaction kinetics[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2018,268: 363-370. (SCI,IF5.807)

[2]Wenfei Cai, Ronghou Liu*. Performance of a commercial-scale biomass fast pyrolysis plant for bio-oil production[J]. Fuel 2016,182: 677–686. (SCI,IF4.908)

[3]Renzhan Yin, Le Zhang , Ronghou Liu*, et al. Optimization of composite additives for improving stability of bio-oils, Fuel,2016, 170: 1–8.

[4]Chen Sun, Weixing Cao, Charles J. Banks, Sonia Heaven, Ronghou Liu*.Biogas production from undiluted chicken manure and maize silage: a study of ammonia inhibition in high solids anaerobic digestion[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2016, 218: 1215-1223.

[5]Kun Li, Ronghou Liu*, Chen Sun. Comparison of anaerobic digestion characteristics and kinetics of four livestock manures with different substrate concentrations[J].Bioresource Technology, 2015,198: 133–140.

Selected Publications(SCI)Selected Publications(SCI)

Shanghai Jiao Tong University

[6] Renzhan Yin, Ronghou Liu*, Yuanfei Mei, et al.Characterization of bio-oil and bio-char obtained from sweet sorghum bagasse fast pyrolysis with fractional condensers[J].Fuel , 2013,112: 96–104.

[7]Le Zhang, Ronghou Liu*, Renzhan Yin, Yuanfei Mei.Upgrading of bio-oil from biomass fast pyrolysis in China: A review[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews ,2013,24: 66–72. (SCI ， IF9.184)

[8] Tianju Chen, Ceng Wu, Ronghou Liu*, et al. Effect of hot vapor filtration on the characterization of bio-oil from rice husks with fast pyrolysis in a fluidized bed reactor[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2011, 102: 6178-6185.

[9]Weixing Cao, Chen Sun, Ronghou Liu* ， Renzhan Yin, Xiaowu Wu.Comparison of the effects of five pretreatment methods on enhancing the enzymatic digestibility and ethanol production from sweet sorghum bagasse[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,111: 215–221.

[10] Wenfei Cai, Ronghou Liu*, Yifeng He, et al. Bio-oil production from fast pyrolysis of rice husk in a commercial-scale plant with a downdraft circulating fluidized bed reactor[J].Fuel Processing Technology,2018,171:308-317. (SCI,IF3.956)

Shanghai Jiao Tong University

AcknowledgmentFinancial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China through contracts (Grant no. 51776127, Grant No. 51176121, Grant No.50776059) are greatly acknowledged.

Financial support from The National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program, Grant 2008AA05Z404, Grant NO.2012AA101808) and financial support from The National Science and Technology Supporting Plan through contract (Grant No.2011BAD22B07) are greatly acknowledged.