Biocontrol Para Problemas en Manzanas

7/29/2019 Biocontrol Para Problemas en Manzanas

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Fruit Logistica 2013


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Microbials

Viruses,Bacterial&

FungalPathogens

Macrobials

Predatorsand

Parasitoids

Mites& Insects,Nematodes

Semiochemicals

Pheromones,Plant

Volatiles

NaturalProducts

Plant&Microbial

Extracts,Seaweed

Products&

Basic

Substances


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Target specific action

Antagonistic potential is protected

Safe for user and consumer

No residues in produce or environment

No phytotoxic effects

No waiting until harvest

Little risks in development of resistance


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Bacteria

Fire blight (Erwinia amylovora)

Yeast: Aureobasidium pullulans


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Euascomycete withasexual,yeastlike

reproducingcells(blastospores) Naturally occuring yeast

Highproliferation rate


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Blossom Protect

E.amylovora A.pullulans

- reduced growth ofE. amylovora

- blocking of infection site

- disrupted chemotaxis ofE. amylovoraby acidifying

Untreated

Bacteria Fire blight (Erwinia amylovora)



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Application ofAureobasidium pullulans

Package size

1.5 kg

Storage stability:9 months at room temperature (20C)24 months at cold storage (8C)

Dosage0.75 kg/ha per m crown height (0.15%)

up to 4 applications per season

Water volumeStandard: 500 l/ha per m crown height (Germany)

Low volume: min. 90 l/ha per m crown height

Miscibility listwww.bio-ferm.com

For non-compatible products keep an interval of1 day before and 2 days after Blossom Protect


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Blossom Protect USA 2008-2010

8570

78

0 20 40 60 80 100

2008; Wenatchee, WA; D'Anjou-P.

2008; Wenatchee, WA; Red Del.

2008; Medford, OR; Bosc P.

2008; OR; Gala

2009;Corvallis, OR;Bartlett P.

2009; Medford, OR; Bosc P.

2009; Wenatchee, WA; D'Anjou P.


2009; CA; Fuji

2010; Medford, OR;

2010; Wenatchee; WA; D'Anjou P.


2010; Corvallis, OR; Golden Del.

Mean

Efficacy (%)

BlossomProtect Oxytetracycline Streptomycin

+ artificial inoculation


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Fungi:Applescab (Venturia inaequalis)

Currently no biocontrol agent registered.Only Cu-Products allowed in organicfarming

Copper in orchards is critical as it can

accumulate in the soil

EU funded project: Co-Free


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Fusariumsp.

Alternaria alternata

Peziculasp. (Gloeosporium)

Nectria galligena

pathogen

Aureobasidium

pullulans

+

pathogen

Penicillium expansum Monilia fructigena Botrytis cinerea

Fungi:Postharvest diseases

KeyPestsandDiseasesinApple


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Fungi:Postharvest diseases

Aureobasidium pullulans

Boni ProtectA biotechnological fungicide against

storage diseases in pome fruit


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1. Microscratches on the fruit surface

represent natural entrances for the

pathogen. The scratches are

colonized by Aureobasidium pullulansimmediately after application.

2. Due to the high proliferation rate

ofAureobasidium pullulansthepathogen cannot infect the plant.

3. The microscratch is completely

colonized with Aureobasidiumpullulans. The product acts as anatural shield which protects from

infection with pathogens.

bio-ferm bio-ferm bio-ferm

Mode of Action


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Fruit Logistica 2013 13

Fruits were mainly infected by Gloeosporium

05

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Incidence[%]

1st picking

68 55

Efficacy [%]

a ab

20.08.2008 - Bellis Bellis

03.09.2008 - Switch Switch

17.09.2008 - Bellis Boni Protect

26.09.2008 - Switch Boni Protect

29.09.2008 Harvest11.05.2009 Evaluation

Replacement of chemical treatments

Belgium 2008

Pinova, Proefcentrum Fruitteelt v.z.w. (pcfruit), Sint-Truiden


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Fruit Logistica 2013 14

Replacement of chemical treatments

Poland (Wilanw) 2010

Ligol, CA-storage (4 months)Prof. Tomala, Pomology Department, Warsaw University of Life Sciences

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

Incidence[%]

68 86 46

Efficacy [%]

a b b ab

4weeksbeforeharvest Captan Captan BoniProtect

2weeks

before

harvest

Captan Boni

Protect Boni

Protect

3daysbeforeharvest BoniProtect BoniProtect

harvest CAstorage (1.5%CO2;1.5%O2;2C)

4monthsafterharvest removalfromstorage 7daysatroomtemperature(shelflife)

evaluation


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Pests

WinterMoth (Operophtera brumata)

Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki + aizawai


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Pests

Aphids (Dysaphis plantaginea,

Aphis pomi,

etc.

)

Plant extracts: Neem, ChrysanthemumProducts Neemazal, Spruzit


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1st flight

2

nd

flight

Pests CodlingMoth(Cydiapomonella)


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Pests Codling Moth (Cydiapomonella)Pheromones: Mating DisruptionProducts. Several

Entomopathogenic NematodesProducts: Several

Microbial Agent: GranulovirusProducts: Carpovirusin, Madex, CydeX

Virus

other insecticides

Matingdisruption

Nematodes


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Females produce a potent sex pheromone in abdominal glands thatattracts the males over long distances.

Female calling for males by raising herabdomen and protruding her sex gland.

The most important chemical component of the sex pheromone is(E,E) 8,10-dodecadien-1-ol (codlemone), a primary alcoholcontaining a straight chain of 12 carbons and two conjugateddouble bonds.


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Codling moth monitoring

Traps with a synthetic female sex pheromone. These traps attract andcatch male moths which emerge ahead of females.

One trap per 2 hectares by the pink blossom stage and situated on theoutside of the tree, about 1.5 m above the ground. Traps must be checked

daily until the first adult is caught and then weekly thereafter. If the actionthreshold of five moths per trap per week is exceeded an application shouldbe made within 7-10 days.


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Mating disruption

500 dispensers are used per hectar. Damage

should not have exceeded 1% in the year before.Otherwise the mating disruption is not working.


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A mating disruption dispensers from which the pheromoneevaporates over time.

Mating disruption


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What are entomopathogenicnematodes (EPN) ?

Nematode Bacterium

Steinernema Xenorhabdus

Species: S.feltiae,S.carpocapsae

Entomopathogenicnematodes


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Fruit Logistica 2013 Folie26

Wormsof0.5 0.9mm

Dauerjuveniles(DJ)=enduringjuvenile

DJadaptedforlongtermsurvival

Highinfatreserves

Symbioticbacteriaintheintestine(arrow)

Presentinallsoilenvironments Nematodes are widely used inhorticulture

Canalsobe used against Clearwing MothSynanthedon myopaeformis

Symbiotic bacteria

Dauerjuveniles

Fat reserves



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Fruit Logistica 2013 Folie27

DJsinfect host via

natural openings and

release bacteria

Nematodes

reproduce

Hostinsect dies

within 48hours


The Life Cycle


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Application up to 1 m of stemGermany, 7th Dec. 2007, 8C, drizzle


EPNreduce codling moth at 5075%,enough

to prepare the field for mating disruption


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Video



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Photo by D. Winstanley

Occlusion body

Virion


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1 2

virus

particles

per

larvaearesufficientfor50%mortality

Highdosis mortalityin

1stlarvalinstar(L1)

Lowdosis longerperiodtokilllarvae(L2 L5)

Ingestionisneeded

Superficialdamage

2 mm

20 mm

InfectedL1

InfectedL5


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Earwigs (Dermaptera)

Forticula auricularia


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Aphelinus mali Eriosoma lanigerum

Ephedrus plagiator Dysaphis plantaginea +Aphis pomi

Aphidius matricariae

Dysaphis plantagineaMonococus cerasi R.insertum +D.plantagineaOverwinter inlastinstar inside aphid mummies.

Aphelinus sp. Aphidius sp.


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Documents

Biocontrol Para Problemas en Manzanas