Biodiesel Kenfryer

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Biodiesel Presentation - MED/MMCD Fall 2006

Seminar & Annual General Meeting

Presented by Ken FryerCity of Coquitlam

November 24, 2006


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Key Biodiesel Questions

What is biodiesel? Whats it made from?

What does it look, feel and smell like?

Benefits from using biodiesel?

Who is using it now, who makes it,where can you buy it?

How do you use it, which engines, fuelmanagement, operational issues, coldweather issues, warranties, etc


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Biodiesel Not A New Fuel

1895

Rudolf Diesel designed the "diesel-cycle" engine

First fuel?

Biodiesel - Peanut oil

Supplanted by Petro-diesel Due to availability, distribution, consistent quality, pricing


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Biodiesel Why Now?

Three Powerful Reasons Emission Reductions

$ Pricing

Diversity/Security of Supply


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Biodiesel Why Now?


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#1 Emission Reductions


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#2 Price Competitive

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Price,cpl

Canola Oil Animal Fat Diesel Fuel


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#3 Supply Deficit

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1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

GAP

Source: Transportation Energy Data Book: Edition 19, DOE/ORNL-6958, September 1999, and EIA Annual Energy Outlook 2000, DOE/EIA-

0383(2000), December 1999

MillionsofBarrels

p

erDay

Domestic Oil Production

Heavy Trucks

Automobiles

Light Trucks

1990 2000 2010 2020

325 384 455 507

Highway Carbon Emissions(million metric tons)

PassengerVehicles


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What is Biodiesel?

Biodiesel:

An low-emissions, high lubricating alternative diesel fuelproduced from renewable sources,

Non-toxic, Biodegradable Can be combined at any level with petroleum diesel to fuel

diesel engines.

Biodiesel is not:

Raw or refined vegetable oils, or recycled greases that havenot undergone chemical processing.


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Biodiesel Feedstocks

Vegetable oils Soy, canola

Other oils

Palm, coconut, fish Animal fats

beef tallow, sheep tallow, pork lard, poultry fats

Recycled waste grease yellow grease (used cooking oil)

trap greases


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BiodieselManufacturing

Triglyceride:

Fat or Oil

molecule

Biodiesel

molecules

Glycerin molecule

10% Oxygen by Wt.


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Biodiesel Users Canada

Toronto Hydro City of Brampton Kingston Transit City of Victoria BC Transit (Victoria)

City of Calgary Saskatoon Transit Ont. Private Fleets BC Lower Mainland Municipalities BC Lower Mainland Private Fleets- Van Port Authority, Rempel Concrete


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BC Tax Information

"The biodiesel portion of a blend of biodiesel and diesel

is exempt from tax if the biodiesel portion

is not less than 5% or more than 50% of the volume of

the blendSource: Government of British Columbia, Ministry of Provincial Revenue

IN BC LOWER MAINLAND, THE MOTOR FUEL TAX

IS 21 CENTS/LITRE
http://www.rev.gov.bc.ca/ctb/publications/bulletins/sst_085.pdfhttp://www.rev.gov.bc.ca/ctb/publications/bulletins/sst_085.pdf


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BC Distribution

Distribution Available now at 2 retail stations (Burnaby), (Delta)

Vancouver racks for regional distribution

BC Municipal Buying Group (BCPPBG)

Delivery Options B100 delivered Bulk and Tote (1000L)

B5 - B50 blends delivered (pre-blended)


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Where to Buy

Suppliers in BC

4 Refuel (Mini-Tankers) Canada Ltd.

Agri-Green Biodiesel Inc.

Canadian Bioenergy Corporation Cascadia Biofuels Inc.

Ecofuels Canada Inc.

ProQuip Onsite Refuelling Ltd.

Recycling Alternatives

West Coast Biodiesel Inc.


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Biodiesel Before you Buy

Quality Control

Supplier must deliver ASTM D6751 Standard fuel

Quality control (BQ9000) Producer/Distributor

Supplier/Distributor to provide: Guarantee in writing that fuel meets ASTM

Certificate of Analysis for each batch delivered


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BC Biodiesel Pilot Project

BC Municipalities Group Pilot Project (2004)

Richmond, North Van, Vancouver, Delta, Whistler, Burnaby

6 Municipalities used a B20 blend (12,000 L B100)

Used in a number of conventional diesel engines Cat, Cummins, Detroit, Kubota, Ford, International, GM,

Peugeot, John Deere, New Holland

Blended and distributed the biodiesel on site

Conducted extensive emission testing Funding FCM, GVRD and individual Cities.


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BC Municipalities Pilot

Project Goals

Would biodiesel really work in BC environment?

Confirm EPA reductions in real life operations

Use a variety of equipment types & applications

Share information and results

First hand knowledge of how it would function

Educate staff


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Methodology & Results

Talked to other users

Worked with fuel suppliers & reviewed delivery methods

Tested emissions & performance (Westport Innovations/Finning)

Pilot was very successful

BC Municipal pooled purchasing group hasoption to purchase of up to 2 million Lof B100 delivered as blended fuel

Largest single biodiesel supply contractin Canada


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Project Learnings - Overall

VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS: None

PERFORMANCE: Minimal impact on torque, power and fueleconomy

LUBRICITY: Increased lubricity can improve vehicle life IGNITION: Higher Cetane values improves ignition quality

NOISE: Vehicle runs more quietly

EXHAUST: Tailpipe emissions are cleaner and smell better

SEALS & GASKETS: May need upgrade if >B20 &


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Warranties

B5 is acceptable to all engine and fuel

injector OEMs

OEM Warranty Statements at

www.BCBiofleet.ca

B20 has not triggered warranty issues

Engine Manufacturers Association- B20

Talk to experienced users
http://www.bcbiofleet.ca/http://www.bcbiofleet.ca/


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Winter Operations

Treat as a fuel (WHMIS, safety, etc)

Cleaning / solvent effect (filters, tanks, hoses)

Storage - Moisture - the enemy Desiccant filters on tank vents

Long Term Storage - 9 months max, or use biocides with monthly examination

Biodiesel blending must becarefully managed at cold temps

Fuel Handling

Tank Preparation

Properly cleaned, tested and vents are capped.


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Biodiesel improves lubricity Should increase service life of sensitive injection pump models

Blends of B20 or greater not recommended for 1994 and older injection pumpsdue to deterioration of natural rubber components

Pumps

Fuel Filters- Use OEM recommended filters with correct micron rating

- Change at OEM recommended intervals after initial cleanout period- Only use pre-filtered fuel in vehicles- More frequent changes recommended in first 100 hours ofoperation

Hoses


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Purchasing

Purchasing Considerations

Establish purchase criteria/educate staff

Further education (understand cost/benefits)

Determine/manage logistics (transport,

blending)

Term and products (B5 B20 ?)

Agreed upon price change mechanism (eg.indexing)

Cost neutral target: biodiesel + ULS diesel


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Biodiesel Action Plan

Be Clear - What do you want to achieve? Environmental benefits

GHG emissions reduction

Public image

Select Biodiesel Blend - B2, B5, B20? All or some part of your fleet? Timeline?

Assess Suppliers Will current fuel supplier provide a biodiesel blend? Get BC

Biodiesel suppliers list.- BQ9000 certified.

Assess Costs Per Litre, fuel economy, other capital investments.


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Confirm Technical Specs Ensure biodiesel meets ASTM D6751 Standard

Obtain biodiesel supplier fuel quality guarantees

Cross-check engine warranty issues

Plan Fleet Use Are any vehicles using a biodiesel blend travelling to areas

where cold temperatures will be a factor?

Refuelling outside biodiesel supply area


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Decide on Operational Issues Where will biodiesel be stored? (B5 treat just like diesel;

other blends depend on CP of biodiesel and diesel)

How will biodiesel be blended with diesel? Temperatures?

Preparation of tanks and vehicles? Filter replacement scheduling?

Staff training and education?

Monitor Use Performance and maintenance

Review Overall Program Change or expand biodiesel program as needed


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Biodiesel Calculator

Purpose Calculate emissions reductions from usingbiodiesel for a particular vehicle

Simple to use

Developed in consultation with fleet managers,emissions specialists, industry

Available at www.bcbiofleet.ca


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Green Fleet Accreditation

Fleet Rating System to assist progressive fleets thatwant to increase fuel efficiency, reduce emissions,implement Green Standards, incorporate new

technologies and use alternative fuels


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THANK YOU FOR YOURTIME.

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