Upload
jaimequispezelada
View
253
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
1/176
!
!" #!" # $ " #
% & '( '( &
( ') *"+ + ,-+ ., /.0"+1( 2+ !+ 3+ , 4+ . $#25
6 7' -
8 9#:
;
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
2/176
+ 2O. 7P A !" ;;6
3' $ : !" !"
> ?# #>
&
: # "( " 9 $
@ " (*
% ''
6 >'
!!
8 & $,: '
;
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
3/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
4/176
!"/ 7:+ ;;6
)##?+ $+ )"+ F ! )D ] 2 :I+ ;;
)"-+ ,- B F !" # !"/ : :#+;;
2C+ L ! )D]2 :I/F+ ;;;
S$' ? l # ::33/ ): F+ ;;
S@ ?/ ! )D2 F+;;6
[++ E ! )" :I/ . 2+ ;;8
[#+ . - !"/ : >+ ;%
-+$= $ : ' !"/ &+ ;;
+ ) F !"/ : ! )D 2 M F+;;8
! ,' S :' : / !" ;86
!@+ ! 2 . )" 2 !"/ : .! !+ ;;
7+ $ !"/ : + ;;
(-+ 7 B !+ !"/ : &+ ;;%
(+ S2 &D $ !+ : !" ;8;
.+ ? ' + :I/ ! )D]2F+ ;;8
:! : :'>' ">'
>'
& " '
# '' , #, 7, &G. @" 2 H,*
: ?: * B E?C
!.4.$
# B
4= :% 6 $' -= '
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
5/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
6/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
7/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
8/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
9/176
1"# 5' & +
8+4%! 5"64
3
# * @ # * '
$ @ ' #
$- # @ '
# @
" * B
" , # # @ @ - * '
" 5 + " -+ ' " # B $&.K 5 + #
") # #+ " -
" 7$ ' @ >7$ "?
"3)>' = @ ? "
! ) # #
! 3 , +# ? - ' @ ?
! : ' # = ' 15
!0 . #+ #*+ @
!0)> @ * @ ( @ '
!) = "
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
10/176
5 : ' @ '
@) . + + + I++ '
@) ( ' * # - " ' #
@3 ( # @ @ '- -
@).* + + @ @ ? ?
" :' ' ?
-
")-
"1) : # @++
" , @ - + @I
" . # &
"1 : *+ B #+ #= #
") : ?+ @ #
.:F,$7>( : (7:.&(
: "+ ' ' / #=@ # '1 I ''5 #=@ $+ + 1#5+ ' @
' @ @ ? ?# + B EC % + 9 : / 3 / 1 # ' &5+ 1 ? # 5+ ' 1 / + + #+ 5 1 B # ''5
4 7 ' + + 1 ' 5
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
11/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
12/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
13/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
14/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
15/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
16/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
17/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
18/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
19/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
20/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
21/176
+1
?
# /
#
% '
'
*
,
) #
= /
+ '
*
! @
$=' @ ? '
) ) #+ @ - - B K @ - "
1 " + FF+ @ " *
" @ ' F
> " F @ ' FF *
0 4 -
) '
)" ' @ ' ' + + ? -
:? @ #
` #
)& ?- " + @ ' '
. @I ?=
). OP ' @ ' ? #
2 # # '*K' #
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
22/176
:' ? ?@ ?
): '' #
)3 '' @ B '' ''
L K + @-* '
3 #" # +
. * '
( =' @ = ?'+ K ? ? # -+" #
@ @ #+ @ @ ' # =
*
$
"/ # F
!" @ @ #
: (= * + ' ? 7-+ @ >D
5 @ ''
: = B ' /
* =
*
''
3 : '
, /
+
+ ' 1 = 5
( - /
'9 ?
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
23/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
24/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
25/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
26/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
27/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
28/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
29/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
30/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
31/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
32/176
#
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
33/176
+ P, - Q ' O, +
G@" HP
: # + @ I "
66 S? .
# ! 5
## ' # +
$&F9F>$>:, >: $.:7>FL$S: Q :9$3$F`7
#- -= ' @ = @ -+ ' -=-
F F#
F# C '
F# E '
> # @ >D #
>
> #
F# # @ # : .
FF 3- '+ # @ @ # /
'
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
34/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
35/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
36/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
37/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
38/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
39/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
40/176
4 6 '' 1 %5
# B
& + I # '+@ + @ # = ? : ?+ B @ '
> &
. = O # &+ # 2+ @ ' 7 @ + &+ *+ @ ' @ ' + ' . " @+ @ + * %
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
41/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
42/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
43/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
44/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
45/176
@I+ +
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
46/176
- @ " OP @ O?=P = '-+ @ -+ ?= , " + + @ -
' :"
?1#5 # ,- B " ,
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
47/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
48/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
49/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
50/176
'" , @ # # + '= ? ''
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
51/176
4 # 4 # + @ .1 ?5 . # " *+ # * I . 4D $ 5
: = . @ : + ' &" @ @ '' #
: '+ @ & @ , + '
& ' @ 1,T7&:,F, 5
, ' *+ ''=+ B G # 'H+ G
# '' @ ? B
# ' @ H+ +
4 . 1) 8%5
4
F # ?#@ BK ?+ # @ ' + + B
?# # ?+ @ # I ?# # * ?? @
15
? + # + ?#+ '" K + ? * - ' # * " * @I+ @ ,
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
52/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
53/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
54/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
55/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
56/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
57/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
58/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
59/176
e *#" : # * #"/ + +' '
O: ? @ , @ # '
+ # ' = -'
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
60/176
@ , @ # '+ ' * #"+ ? ' + + ' # . @ # #=
+ B + #" : # @ +@ + B + * @ P/
$ @ * '' B: # . =+ @ #' *
: ?
# + ##+
3 # # ? 1? Y + 5 @ = ' '
# '" '' :
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
61/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
62/176
6 ? # #
$ & # + @ )"
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
63/176
4 6 ># ' D 6;5
# ' - + + @ 1 ' ? "+ # ' ?+ ' + ' + * ? ?
' " # * #" : ' + ' 1 5+ ' " @ ' ( ' "+ #-+ * ' + # ? " ?" : ' ' " < # @
$>7
@ " "# ' # : @ * @IB
" ' * # , ? ' @ B : # @ B #+ @ * : #' "
, ? ?+ + * ? > @ ? ? #
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
64/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
65/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
66/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
67/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
68/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
69/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
70/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
71/176
# ' - P
$ ' ( ' - ? @
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
72/176
- ? @
. ( # - @ ? -@ ' ? 9- :' % " @#= = +' +
: '
@ @ @ # @ - ? I '
' '/"+
4 8 ' 1 '
% .1" % *23 #
'%! 5"64 $ %&'(
#- -= ' @ = @ * -+ ' -= -
)A 9
X> = #/ :+ F+:
XF# B @ ? @
XF# B # ' @ ?
X: ' + # # '' #
X> @ ? ?
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
73/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
74/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
75/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
76/176
:9(3F`7 $>$.&$F`7
&F:!.( . 1 I5
. ' 1?+ + 5
7F9: & F'
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
77/176
+4%! 5"64
1 / 1 3 /1 3 /3 0)
1 3 0 / 3 9G )
=1 0 / H 3 / )
'1 3 / 3 )
31 / 2 )
31 3 2 = / =)
K)>'!&%&'('B&&"
@ @" '+ # ' @ # 15 . @ " # +
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
78/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
79/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
80/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
81/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
82/176
O-P K + I + = + $ + ' '+ ? '+ : -+ @ @ ? ?
& " >D ? ' B ? +
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
83/176
4 " 7 # 17 )/ %5
&
B ? + @ -+ ' @ + # + # I #
: ?? I #' ' # @ C @ :+ @ ?
' ? ,I * # + @# >D @ - @" '@ @ # =+ I # ?+ >D +
+ > F+ $I "+ >D - *+ @ + @ # I # >D @ ' ? '
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
84/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
85/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
86/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
87/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
88/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
89/176
30 , ' + ' -
3 / O: # 2C1865+ # 886 !?C## ' 2* ;< 1# %5
:
propuestos por Heckel (1874) yrevisado por Hyman (1940),
quien elabor el presente.
E
:9(3F`7 Q $,F4F$F`7 >: (, ,::, 9F9(,
+4%! 5"64
'' @' #
# @ # ''+ * @ '?
E)>''5 5"&"%&'(
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
90/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
91/176
$3&(,(!$, _ JQ
$3&(,(!$, _ JQ
5&&!B"!
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
92/176
5& &! B"!
F' *
F' # -
># " ?
: # ? ?
> " )" 2
% G0" H
6 > '
8 ># @ ?
; : ?
"+
?
4 ; #" 1 #/ 65
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
93/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
94/176
? ''+ = !
: = ! - = ''+ @ ' ? @
: ?? @ ! + ' + -
'
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
95/176
$ T7:$ >: &F:!.(2.3 ESTRUCTURA Y FUNCIN DE LA CLULA
$ @ !
+ @" @ - ! ?? @ '
% : !
6 F = !
8 : @ ' ! # ? #
; ' ? + ! @ /
: '= ' 3 '= ? - '= ? > - '= . ' 15 K 15
$ '=
$
#+ @ + " $* "+ = - - +
2 /L)
) &" *+ * #+ @ " * + # ' ' " #
:* # + @ ' & + +
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
96/176
'%!5"64$%&'(
#- -=+ ' @ = @ -+ ' -=-
* " ? @ * ' ' ?
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
97/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
98/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
99/176
4 : # * > + * ## @ * ' !? ? @ # ' ' # / + 1$C/ . 7 * * $ * # @ * $>7 @ 1( E ; ;65
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
100/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
101/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
102/176
/ ) 3 * * "7'&5&N!' D"J # " ;
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
103/176
* * @I * : + @ " 1 D""JK * # ' : 1 D"&J ' @ # ' 'P : " 1:5 " - +?+ + #
& * @ - *
4+ < ! @ 1 %5
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
104/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
105/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
106/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
107/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
108/176
: " # ?# 9 F 1 ## 5 ?= # > @ 9 ?#+ ?# ? 9 .P 1;5 46 8
48 A
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
109/176
"#7 $ '"! , 1 5+ O ' + @ '- * @ ' 1# ;5 # " ## " # @ I+
- + # B ' : @ + -+ - * [ # ? 0 "
4 ;
# 9
F
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
110/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
111/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
112/176
@ ' 3
'1 # OP5 += =+ @ # #
& 1 # OP5+ I @ , # '+ + * @ +
@ & =+ : ? RR2 ? R$)
: J @ ' ? @I @ - Q+ @ ' ? + * @ ' !1)
>? ? + K @ @ ' - @' # ' - @ ' ?
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
113/176
;5
"
: * 15 " " '' :>7$ " # @ ' : " + >7$ B+ ' "
: ? ' # ' * > # @ @ # ?
?)? &! "+4! "# $ & *"' & !R)
: JJ 3' 7D QC ::33 = ' +
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
114/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
115/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
116/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
117/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
118/176
15 - # K # - + # = ? ' : , ? B = , . . ! !)
&" . =/ , 7I -+P+ -P -.
' @ + G @ 'H . ? * K $>7+ @ # -
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
119/176
4 3 " ' ' ='+ B## $ @ " + * ? @ + @ @ ' + * " : " '+ ' # " + # # " " ' @ " " + # * ' 1 85
&$$ 8 :,&3&3$, :3$:,+ ,3, 437F(7:, Q>F,&F3F`7 :7 $, R3$, 9F9$,
:
OP @ # #= OP @# B @ I : $>7 @ # B " 1 *5+ * #
*+ - "
*
I
$>7+ "
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
120/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
121/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
122/176
1Q !!
%
& 0
5
L #
: ! ! +
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
123/176
Compuestos orgnicos de la clula: # * + @ ? 1+ + ## -#5 - # ' > ' * /
?
.
A
'7+ * # B + @ ? * = * O)P @ # S? ;
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
124/176
1
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
125/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
126/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
127/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
128/176
+ *@ '- + = P2
33+ 5 1$>75+ 1$75
2 K B $) @ 2 / " @ A' / )4 : # $>7 $7
: * * A 1$>75 @
? #
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
129/176
&75!
&" + ' + ' #* ' * +
4 : @ $>7 14 8;5
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
130/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
131/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
132/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
133/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
134/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
135/176
4 ?? - )! 1 65
!
K @ @ - 1 )
. ? ? */ 2 22 2 32 2 / 3 1* I
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
136/176
.
! - = @ * =/ + # '+ - 6
# - < + 15 15+ . # 15 - 15+ #+ ' @ + ' ' = # >" 15 15 + B ! / Q = 32 9 Q Q = 2 / Q)
$ '
' 15+ # ' I
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
137/176
9 / 9 0 3.2 3 ?)K
.- - = ! : : # 15
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
138/176
*
3 * ' K =+
+ + + + '
! = @ @ #= + @ # O- ' P > # ? - $ * ' '/ B . =
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
139/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
140/176
* = + # # #+ @ *
& + @ + + B * B@" '
5 @ ' #+ ? =
@ : + ' #K + ?+ ?+ - , + # B
+ " + @ 1 @ ' 5 3
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
141/176
+ @ ' " "+ -
? * + B -+ @ # @ '- ' + - ' ? + ? *+ ? + + K + " + -
? @ K = , ? *
? ? + ? ,+ " ##
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
142/176
,' " *
, ' B
' '
, B
, "
, " ?=
' # @
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
143/176
4
# " ' # # " + # + I+ # 1 5 & - # / ' " " , + "/ #+ =
#
45&! ,'
F $# > :
5 ) 4 ! , @ ' $# @ : + + I * : = ' + ?
@?
3 " "
?:$FL$ $, ,F)3F:7&:, $&F9F>$>:,
:S:FF(
F' * @" " '" + #
G0" #H G0" " # #H
G> ' - 'H
: @ # "
:S:FF( ;
, - ' " -+ @ #
3 B "
= #"
, ' '
: # ' "+ @ ' + @ *
, - @ ' " -
>
. ' " @ # ' '
, ' " ?#
@ " "
. ' / #+ + + ''+
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
144/176
. ' / #+ + + ''+#
: " *
: B + -
G03R >F4::7F$, :JF,&:7 :7&: $ >F9F,F`7 :3$ .(!F&(,F, Q $ 4(!$F`7 >: R3$, .( !:F(,F,H
F/ # = " + !F&(,F, !:F(,F,+ B
:S:FF( (, (7 $ &:(T$ :3$H
F ' ?
:S:FF( $ 9 D?C
S .C=
D
,?D ,?
# 9?D
2C
! !?
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
150/176
:,F: (, .(,&3$>(, >: $ &:(T$ :3$
+ * * '
# /
: # 1+ 5
$' - 1+ + 5
1+ + 5
4 1+ + + 5
# 1+ + 5
$ # # ? 15
? '1-5
F ' 1 5
)
* ''+ / = = + @ - 3+ 'K "
(+ # # " '' ? ](2+ ]((2 Y(1? 5
: ( ( : ( #* + @ ? " # 1 5
. + ? # ? + @ # $ 15 @
'%! 5"64 $ %&'(
#- ' @ = @ -+ ' -= -
- !
*- $>7 - 4- . - .*- .
- !*
- 7B- 7- -
*
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
151/176
$ 15 + @ = : + @
:=
G0" # ' " H
F/ = @ @ " " - /
- - =
)- !- !
- 9- @- . - - 4-
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
152/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
153/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
154/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
155/176
K) 5 / )$ '' * "
" B + >7$ + " *
" =+ + - -
: ' # + /
.
:
4 1' ,?5
. #
! # "
$
# @ #/
% (15
_ %2(
15
_ -
:-
#%2(%15
_ % (15
- # @ 32 ' " @ # - # : - - +
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
156/176
!#"
.#"
&:(T$ :3$
/
3
3 #
3
:,&3&3$ Q 437F`7 >: $ R3$
2 ' # + + 2 2 /)$ # @ * , + " # 1!5
# " @ =+ = : ' # + ' ?= I+ # ?= " -+ @ # . # # @ # # # # #' @ = @
* -*
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
157/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
158/176
?+ - $ ?# ' ' 1?'5+ 1'5 ?' . + @ @ # ' '" ''
?# /
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
159/176
: # @ *+ '' + : B ?" *K * *@I @ ?" 1
= ] 5 &" + ?# ?-K " '" + # = * 1#5 / =+ ??+ * 15/+ + + '
1> + ' + .
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
160/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
161/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
162/176
' @ 1# 65 + '" '+ " ' ' @ + @ ' " + + # + '" O? "P " >7$+ '
2.0 @ ( > +: 2.1
: #+ @ ? # " $ + # # * > # @ * + @ "
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
163/176
15 # ?+
+ @ # @ # : # - @I @* ' # @ * '
93 3 : 93 3+ '@ # ??+ # 1 @# 5 # 1@ # 5
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
164/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
165/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
166/176
"+ * @ " ?
4 . ? @ + ($( 7?* ./ != "#
" , @ '+ =+ - = # + I -B @
' 9 . + @+ @? @ #' '
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
167/176
4+ # " ?=
" ?= = =+ " ?= - + '
9 ' @ '
50+ @ #+ ' ' 1#5 ? # $ = ' 0 = ? '- ' :
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
168/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
169/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
170/176
1 Y 5+ - #*+ @ # @ I / + # 1 > #+ # @ + B ' -+ + # ,+ " B @ # = B @
# 32 @ + - ' : ' +
' + # =+ ' * S ' + B ? + @ ? $ B L 1# ; 5
: " : + + @ # * * ? - # B @ # ?
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
171/176
4 # 1)##? %5
K)F"5"''(
3 * '' + + # ' : ? ?
' @ ?
+ ' " ' : + ' : + ?+ ' - '
nimales (Klug p 38
: 31 Y 5+ - * @ " # ' B+ - + -+ # ? > @ B *
+ + - " : #+ * 1? >7$5 * #* ' # >7$
: 3 1 Y 5 * '+ # @ @ ' : # @ *? ? " . @ " +
"
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
172/176
+ # FF !? I "+ B ' ' ' " #
* #' # " ' "
nimales. (Klug,p. 38 " @' 3 '- @ ? + * ?
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
173/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
174/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
175/176
7/21/2019 Biologia Libro 1
176/176