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EUKARYOTIC CELLS
Biology Fall 2011
Organelles, Functions and Comparisons
We will discuss… Basic Information Description of Cells Meet the Organelles Examples of Eukaryotic Cells Prokaryotic Vs. Eukaryotic Vocabulary Today’s Activity References
Basic Information (from the Greek meaning truly nuclear) These cells have a nucleus 10 times greater in size than Prokaryotic Cells comprise all of the life kingdoms except
Monera (Protista, Plantae, Fungi and Animalia) contain many internal membrane-bound
structures called organelles Plasma Membrane is present Two Types of Cells
AnimalPlant
Description of Cell Animal Cell
Contains a number of organelles to help with its function
Found in Humans and Animals
Centrioles are present○ Not found in Plant
Cells
Description of Cell (cont.)
Plant CellFunctions similar to
an Animal Cell ○ Most of the
Organelles are present
3 unique structures○ Plastids○ Cell Walls○ Vacuoles
Meet the Organelles… and their Functions
Nucleus Mitochondria
Plasma Membrane
A lipid/protein/carbohydrate complex, providing a barrier and containing transport and signaling
systems.
Double membrane surrounding the
chromosomes and the nucleolus. Pores allow specific communication with the cytoplasm. The
nucleolus is a site for synthesis of RNA making
up the ribosome
Surrounded by a double membrane with a series of folds called cristae. Functions in energy production through
metabolism. Contains its own DNA
Meet the Organelles (cont.)
Plastids
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic ReticulumContains stacked
thylakoid membranes. Responsible for
photosynthesis, Contains DNA similar to Mitochondria
A network of interconnected membranes forming channels within the cell. Covered
with ribosomes (causing the "rough" appearance)
A network of interconnected
membranes forming channels within the cell. A
site for synthesis and metabolism of lipids
Meet the Organelles (cont.)
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosome Vacuole
Perioxisomes
A series of stacked membranes. Vesicles (small membrane surrounded bags) carry
materials from the RER to the Golgi apparatus. Vesicles move between the
stacks while the proteins are "processed" to a mature form. Vesicles then carry
newly formed membrane and secreted proteins to their final destinations
A membrane bound organelle that is
responsible for degrading proteins and membranes in
the cell, and also helps degrade materials ingested
by the cell.
Membrane surrounded "bags" that contain water and storage materials in plants.
Produce and degrade hydrogen peroxide, a toxic compound that can be produced during metabolism.
Examples of Eukaryotic Cells
Centric Diatom Kingdom: Protista
Bread Yeast- S. cerevisiaeKingdom: Fungi
Examples (cont.)
Sunflower Petal and Pollen Grain
Kingdom: Plantae
Human Breast Cancer CellKingdom: Animalia
Examples (cont.)
Human Red Blood Cells, Platelets and T-Lymphocytes
Kingdom: Animalia
Human Liver CellKingdom: Animalia
Similarities?!?
Both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes.
Both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells have a plasma membrane.
Both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells have cytoplasm.
Both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells have DNA.
Differences
#TeamProkaryote #TeamEukaryote
No Structured Nucleus Present
No Organelles present Simpler structures Cell Wall Present
Nucleus Present Organelles Present Complex structure Cell wall may or may not
be present.
Vocabulary Words Nucleus Nucleolus Golgi Apparatus Lysosome Cytosol Perixisome Centromere Centriole Cell Membrane
Secretory Vesicle Mitochondrion Vacuole Cell Wall Chloroplast Ribosomes Cytoskeleton Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Today’s Activity…
Virtual Lab and Color Worksheet Go to the website
http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/cell_model.htm Part A:Use cell models found on the
website to define the vocabulary words from the presentation. On reverse side of the paper, draw a picture of both a plant and animal cells for your notes. Make sure to distinguish the differences between the two!
Today’s Activity (cont.)
Part B: Complete the “Eukaryotic Cell” color sheet.
Use map pencils or crayon (no markers or pens)
Match the organelle found in the cell with the correct name.
Both assignments are due at the end of the class period.
References
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html
http://biology.kenyon.edu/HHMI/Biol113/eukaryoticcells.htm
http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/cell_model.htm
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/tutorials/pev/page3.html