Biology Presentation Alzheimer's

8/14/2019 Biology Presentation Alzheimer's

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Senile dementiaSenile dementiaof the Alzheimer's type (SDAT)of the Alzheimer's type (SDAT)

or Alzheimer's Disease (AD)or Alzheimer's Disease (AD)

Kat Boardman

Biology 1Lab Group A


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What is Alzheimer's Dementia?What is Alzheimer's Dementia?This is a neurological disorder that leads to memory

loss. The second most common dementia isParkinson's disease. This directly effects yourmotor abilities such as unsteady gait. One personcan forget how to do their everyday tasks, andeventually even who they are. Family members

and friends can appear to be strangers. It isdifficult to know where this comes from and how

it is passed down from parent to offspring.

Research is developing and it is trying to help the care givers of those

with this disease. It effects more than 5 million American's all ofwhich need help to stay safe.


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The 2 types of Alzheimer'sThe 2 types of Alzheimer'sDiseaseDisease

Less than 10% of people whosuffer from AD have the

Familial AD (FAD) This is early onset because th

symptoms occur before 50-60yof age

The more common late onset

is Sporadic AD (SAD)

People may live until 70 or 80without ever showing signs ofthis


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What chromosomes are linked to AD?What chromosomes are linked to AD?

Chromosome 1 (presenilin 2 gene, 1%) (


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Chromoso

Chromoso

Chromoso

Chromoso

Overall, Early and Late onsetOverall, Early and Late onset

Chromosome

1

Chromosome

14

Chromosome

21

Chromosome 1

Chromosome 4

Chromosome 8

Chromosome 10

Chromosome 12

Chromosome 14

Chromosome 19

Chromosome 21


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What causes such memory loss?What causes such memory loss?

It is thought that as normal cells divide, the cells inthe brain are trying to as well.

Nerve damage: two main forms1.neurofibrillary tangles- nerve fibers in the

brain become tangled

-Tangles are twisted fibers from a protein tau2. Protein (beta amyloid) fragments known as

plaques build up between nerve cellsThe tangles and plaques that develop damage the

healthy cells surrounding them.

As the nerve cells die, the ability to transmitinformation slows. The buildup of this plaquetakes time to develop. Which is why it occurslater in life.


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Is it possible to find out if I will getIs it possible to find out if I will getAD?AD?

apolipoprotein E a blood protein whos

function is to transport fatty substancewithin the body

It is a potential marker for the cause of AIt lays on chromosome 19 and althougthrough tests it can only be determineyou carry this gene, particularly its allApoE4; marked with late-onset. Yetsome people who carry this gene do ndevelop dementia.

One of the tests done to label this gene isdone by taking a sample of brain tissu

only done during autopsy. The onlydefinite diagnosis of this disease layswithin death.


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Famous People with Alzheimer'sFamous People with Alzheimer'sRonald Reagan, 40th President

of USAHarry Ritz, performerSugar Ray Robinson, boxerNorman Rockwell, artistSimon Scott, actor

Irving Shulman, screenwriterBetty Schwartz, Olympic gold

medal winner in track events

Kay Swift,composerAlfred Van Vogt, science fiction

writer

Carroll Campbell, Former

Rebublican SenatorJoyce Chen, chefPerry Como, Singer entertainerAaron Copland, composerWillem DeKooning, artist

Tom Fears, professional footballplayer and coach

Louis Feraud, fashion designer

Arlene Francis, actorMike Frankovich, film producer

John Douglas French, physicianBarry Goldwater, Senator of

Arizona


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10 Warning Signs for AD10 Warning Signs for AD1. Memory loss. Forgetting recently learned information

is one of the most common early signs of dementia.

2. Difficulty performing familiar tasks. People withdementia often find it hard to plan or completeeveryday tasks. Individuals may lose track of the stepsinvolved in preparing a meal, placing a telephone call

or playing a game.

3. Problems with language. People with Alzheimer's

disease often forget simple words or substitute

unusual words, making their speech or writing hard tounderstand.

4. Disorientation to time and place. People withAlzheimer's disease can become lost in their ownneighborhood, forget where they are and how they gotthere, and not know how to get back home.

5. Poor or decreased judgment. Those with Alzheimer'smay dress inappropriately, wearing several layers on awarm day or little clothing in the cold. They mayshow poor judgment, like giving away large sums ofmoney to telemarketers.

6. Problems with abstract thinking. Someone with Alzheidisease may have unusual difficulty performing comple

mental tasks, like forgetting what numbers are for and hthey should be used.

7. Misplacing things. A person with Alzheimer's disease mput things in unusual places: an iron in the freezer or awristwatch in the sugar bowl.

8. Changes in mood or behavior. Someone with Alzheime

disease may show rapid mood swings from calm to tear

anger for no apparent reason.

9. Changes in personality. The personalities of people withdementia can change dramatically. They may becomeextremely confused, suspicious, fearful or dependent onfamily member.

10. Loss of initiative. A person with Alzheimer's disease mbecome very passive, sitting in front of the TV for hoursleeping more than usual or not wanting to do usualactivities.


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Is there a relationship between ADIs there a relationship between ADand Parkinson's Disease?and Parkinson's Disease?

NEDD9 gene is in bothneurodegenerative disorders,

Both autosomal dominant prionprotein diseases

Studies show that AD and PD with

family history are more likelyto pass it on

The gene, GSTO1 is involved withthe age-at-onset located onchromosome 10.

its allele GSTO2 also in regulationBoth dementia's are related to a

loss of nerve cells.

NEDD9 fails to prove as ameans of determination forthese diseases.

GSTO1 is involved ininflammation, that plays arole in the brain. Reducinginflammation may reduce

symptoms. But age-at-onset is

not determined during DNAduplication, only found once

signs are noticeable.


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ConclusionConclusion AD and PD are not geneticallyrelated, if your mother hadAlzheimer's it does not make ymore likely to develop

Parkinson's. In less than 10% ocases it is more likely that youwill develop this disorder if a

family member had it. There isno test to prove and you are jusas likely to not inherit this. Adoctor will give an answer of y

may or may not. It is unknown

They do know that it has genettendencies and are lookingfurther into it.


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BibliographyBibliographypage 1page 1Journal of Clinical Investigation; How the APOE gene can modify your risk for Alzheimer's disease. (2008, December). Ne

Health,154. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from ProQuest Science Journals database. (Document ID: 1602241711).

Robert L Nussbaum, Christopher E Ellis. (2003). Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. The New England Journal oMedicine, 348(14), 1356-1364. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from ProQuest Psychology Journals database. (DocumeID: 321031481).

Unknown. (2007). Genetics and Alzheimer's Disease.National Institute on Aging.

Ben Harder (2002, February). Suspicious DNA. Science News, 161(8), 116-117. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from ProQ

Education Journals database. (Document ID: 109850032).

Carr DB, Goate A, Phil D, Morris JC. Current concepts in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Am J Med.1997;103(3A):3S-10S

Mirra SS, Hart MN, Terry RD. Making the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. A primer for practicing pathologists. Arch PathLab Med. 1993;117:132-144.

Barbara Kantrowitz, Karen Springen. (2007, June). Confronting Alzheimer's; Millions of boomers are caring for parentsafflicted with a disease that steals minds and memories. What life is like when your mother doesn't know you, or her ow

name :[U.S. Edition Edition]. Newsweek, 149(24), 54. Retrieved November 29, 2008, from ProQuest Nursing & AllieHealth Source database. (Document ID: 1286227201).

Archer, K. (2008, October 30). Couple on mission for early diagnosis: 10 warning signs of Alzheimer's disease. Tulsa Worl(OK), Retrieved November 25, 2008, from Newspaper Source database.


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BibliographyBibliographypage 2page 2

Julien Chapuis, Frdric Moisan, Georges Mellick, Alexis Elbaz, PeterSilburn, Florence Pasquier, Didier Hannequin, Corinne Lendon,Dominique Campion, Philippe Amouyel, Jean-charles Lambert. (2008).Association study of the NEDD9 gene with the risk of developingAlzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Human Molecular Genetics, 17(18),

2863-7. Retrieved November 30, 2008, from ProQuest Biology Journalsdatabase. (Document ID: 1575855541).

Richard Mayeux (2003). Epidemiology of neurodegeneration. Annual Reviewof Neuroscience, 26, 81-104. Retrieved November 30, 2008, from

ProQuest Psychology Journals database. (Document ID: 415405011).

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Biology Presentation Alzheimer's