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Revista de noticias sobre Biología, Biotecnología, Medioambiente, Neurociencias, etc. Elaborado por la biblioteca de la Facultad de Biología de la Universidad de Salamanca.
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Universidad de Salamanca Facultad de Biología
Biblioteca
Bionoticias Septiembre (4ª) de 2014
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índice
Biología 7
Biomedicina 12
Biotecnología 15
Neurociencia 23
Células madre y Epigenética 34
.Biología
Descubren una nueva especie de pez de arrecife coralino en el Caribe Se ha descubierto una nueva especie de pez de arrecife coralino en el sur del Caribe. Este animal, que ha recibido el nombre de Liopropoma santi, tiene un cuerpo de gran colorido y habita en arrecifes de coral a
Tres nuevas especies de tarántula descubiertas en Argentina
Se han descubierto tres nuevas especies, nativas del norte de Argentina, del célebre grupo de arañas conocidas como tarántulas. El equipo de Carlos Perafán y Fernando Pérez-Miles, de la Universidad de la
Aclaran la relación evolutiva de dos especies actuales de foca monje con otra extinta décadas atrás
La recientemente extinguida foca monje caribeña (Monachus tropicalis) fue una de las tres especies de foca monje en el mundo. Su relación con las focas monje mediterránea y hawaiana, ambas aún existentes pero en
Nueva especie de mantis religiosa
La presentación de la primera descripción científica de una especie de mantis religiosa que hasta ahora era desconocida como tal, y a la que se le ha dado el nombre de Dystacta tigrifrutex, ofrece datos interesantes
Un nuevo método predice el éxito invasor de especies exoticas
Un equipo internacional, con participación española, ha desarrollado un método que permite predecir qué especies exóticas podrán desarrollar poblaciones invasoras en un territorio. El estudio indica que aquellas especies con características muy diferentes de las morfologías presentes en el hábitat receptor tendrán enormes oportunidades de expandirse.
Descubren los primeros pingüinos antárticos afectados por la enfermedad de la pérdida del plumaje
Un equipo de científicos ha descrito los primeros casos del síndrome de la pérdida de plumaje en pingüinos de la Antártida. Esta enfermedad provoca la caída de las plumas de las crías, dejando la piel sin la
Descrito un nuevo sistema de control de calidad de las células
Un estudio del Centro de Regulación Genómica (CRG), publicado esta semana en Science, muestra un nuevo sistema de control de calidad de las proteínas en la membrana del núcleo celular. Según los autores, el
Secuencian el genoma de la colza
Un consorcio internacional de más de 30 entidades de investigación científica, coordinadas por especialistas del Instituto Nacional francés de Investigación Agronómica (INRA) y de otras instituciones, ha conseguido descifrar el complejo genoma de la planta Brassica napus L., conocida con nombres...
Descubren una planta que es capaz de absorber y retener mucho níquel sin envenenarse
Unos científicos han descubierto una nueva especie de planta con un estilo de vida inusual: Absorbe níquel y lo acumula hasta concentraciones de 18.000 partes por millón en sus hojas sin
Nueva técnica para distinguir entre grasa corporal buena y mala
El cuerpo tiene diferentes tipos de tejido adiposo que realizan diversas tareas metabólicas: La grasa blanca, la grasa beige (beis) y la grasa marrón. Dependiendo del tipo de cada grasa, el metabolismo puede o
El gen que pudo darnos la facultad del habla a los humanos y que hace más inteligentes a los ratones
Los resultados de una investigación apuntan a que la mutación de un gen que se produjo hace más de medio millón de años podría ser la clave para explicar la singular facultad del Ser Humano para hablar y
Investigadores del CiQUS diseñan una nariz artificial para detectar diferenciaciones de ADN de un solo nucleótido
El reconocimiento de patrones es el mecanismo utilizado por los mamíferos en la recepción olfativa. De hecho, los seres humanos pueden detectar miles (o millones) de olores con sólo cientos de
Los entrenamientos en altitud con hipoxia intermitente adelgazan y mejoran el rendimiento deportivo
Según el último estudio experimental de un grupo de investigación, realizado en una muestra de corredores de montaña y alpinistas, un programa de tres semanas de hipoxia intermitente combinado con una
El rechazo frente a la injusticia entre primates nos empuja a cooperar
Una amplia revisión de estudios sobre la moral de primates y otros animales prueba que las especies cuyos individuos cooperan entre sí son muy sensibles ante las desigualdades. Los monos capuchinos, por
Los europeos modernos descienden de tres grupos de antepasados distintos
El comienzo de la agricultura y la domesticación de animales, que se inició en Oriente Próximo hace 11.000 años, tuvo un gran impacto en la vida humana. En muchos lugares, los cazadores-recolectores fueron
Insulina y vacunas, resultados de la biotecnología
Artículo del blog Cierta Ciencia, de la genetista Josefina Cano, que recomendamos por su interés. En 1920, Frederick Banting y Charles Best extrajeron por primera vez, del páncreas de animales, la insulina,
Los europeos modernos descienden de tres grupos de antepasados distintos
Los orígenes de los habitantes actuales de Europa se remontan a tres poblaciones humanas ancestrales: cazadores-recolectores, primeros agricultores, y a una tercera población no descrita hasta ahora, según un
El cultivo de arroz por aspersión ofrece ventajas alimentarias y ambientales
Un estudio internacional realizado en arrozales extremeños, liderado por las universidades Autónoma de Madrid y de Extremadura, ha demostrado que el cultivo bajo aspersión y siembra directa presenta
El genoma del cerdo ibérico apenas ha cambiado en cinco siglos
Un equipo de investigadores españoles ha obtenido por primera vez una secuencia parcial del genoma antiguo del cerdo. Extraído de una hembra del siglo XVI del yacimiento del Castillo de Montsoriu (Girona), los
El fuego puede ser una ‘vacuna’ contra los incendios forestales catastróficos
Un estudio reciente del Centro de Investigación Ecológica y Aplicaciones Forestales, el Centro Tecnológico Forestal de Cataluña y la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona advierte que, si no reducimos
Descubren un nuevo tipo de caminatas aleatorias en los monos capuchinos
Los monos capuchinos, que viven en selvas y bosques de varios países de América del Sur, en su hábitat natural realizan movimientos muy
Las caras humanas han evolucionado para ser únicas e inconfundibles
Los rostros de las personas son muy diferentes entre sí, mucho más que los de de la mayoría de los animales. Esta diversidad es el resultado de la presión evolutiva para que cada individuo sea fácilmente reconocible
El dinosaurio más grande de Europa, el Turiasaurus riodevensis, procedente de Teruel (España)
Entrevista en "Saber Más, Noticias de Salud y Ciencia", que recomendamos por su interés. "España cuenta con los mejores yacimientos para estudiar dinosaurios de Europa". Así lo asegura Rafael
La expedición Malaspina confirma que la contaminación llega hasta las zonas más remotas del océano
Tres años después de que el buque Hespérides regresara a España culminando la vuelta al mundo de la expedición Malaspina, los científicos tienen una idea cada vez más clara sobre cómo funciona el océano global y cuál es su estado de salud. En concreto, la entrada de
Un componente vital del metabolismo vegetal procede evolutivamente de bacterias Una vía química fundamental que todas las plantas utilizan para crear un aminoácido esencial, el cual también lo es para todos los animales, ha sido ahora rastreada hasta dos grupos de bacterias de notable
Retrasar dos minutos el corte del cordón umbilical mejora el desarrollo del recién nacido Un estudio realizado por científicos de la Universidad de Granada y el Hospital Clínico San Cecilio de Granada, en España, ha demostrado que
Hallado un pterosaurio que capturaba a sus presas volando a ras del agua Un trabajo conjunto entre investigadores chinos y brasileños publicado en la revista científica Scientific Reports, del grupo Nature, muestra la existencia de un nuevo pterosaurio, denominado Ikrandraco avatar, que
Claves para entender la transdiferenciación Artículo, del blog Bitnavegantes, que recomendamos por su interés. ¿Cómo puede cambiar una célula especializada su identidad? Unos científicos han investigado un ejemplo efectivo y natural de este
El Ser Humano ahora regula la evolución de las especies La evolución actual de las especies está muy influenciada por las acciones, intencionadas o no, del Ser Humano. No se trata simplemente de que muchas especies se estén extinguiendo por nuestra culpa, y que
.Biomedicina
La activación de la proteína sirtuína 1 tiene efectos neuroprotectores en ratones con alzhéimer Investigadores de la Universidad de Barcelona han descrito cómo la activación de la proteína sirtuína 1 en ratones modelo con alzhéimer del tipo familiar tiene efectos neuroprotectores. El estudio, publicado en la
El sistema inmunitario detecta la pérdida de la forma polarizada en células epiteliales enfermas Un estudio del CSIC halla el mecanismo por el que los linfocitos identifican las células epiteliales despolarizadas. El hallazgo contribuye al desarrollo de terapias para controlar la respuesta inmunitaria en el
Los edulcorantes artificiales aceleran el desarrollo de la intolerancia a la glucosa Un nuevo estudio revela que ciertas bacterias intestinales pueden inducir cambios metabólicos después de la exposición a edulcorantes artificiales. Los resultados, publicados en la revista Nature, muestran
Partes del genoma sin función conocida podrían participar en la formación de nuevas proteínas Una nueva investigación ha identificado casi 2.500 lncRNAs que no constan en las bases de datos. La mayoría de los lncRNAs están solo en una sola especie, lo que indica que tienen un origen reciente.El hallazgo
Observan efectos positivos de la fibra de ‘Plantago ovata’ en pacientes con párkinson Investigadores del Instituto de Biomedicina de la Universidad de León (Ibiomed) y del Hospital Universitario de León, en colaboración con un laboratorio farmacéutico, han evaluado los efectos de la administración
La viabilidad de los bebés prematuros es mínima a las 22 semanas de gestación Un nuevo estudio analiza las tasas de supervivencia en España de los recién nacidos con una edad gestacional menor de 26 semanas. Los resultados revelan que la supervivencia por debajo de las 23 semanas es
Existen ocho trastornos genéticos distintos en la esquizofrenia Investigadores de España y EE UU han descubierto que no hay, como se pensaba, un único tipo de esquizofrenia, sino que se trata de un grupo formado por ocho trastornos genéticamente distintos, cada uno de los
El plasma rico en factores de crecimiento mejora la oseointegración de prótesis e implantes Una tesis de la Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea estudia la eficacia del plasma rico en factores de crecimiento en la estimulación de la regeneración ósea y la
Retrasar dos minutos el corte del cordón umbilical mejora el desarrollo del recién nacido Investigadores de Granada han demostrado que retrasar el corte del cordón umbilical de los recién nacidos dos minutos produce un mejor desarrollo del bebé durante los primeros días de su vida. Dicho
La teoría de redes complejas ayuda a entender cómo funciona el cerebro Un equipo internacional de investigadores ha participado en la publicación de un número especial en la revista Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society sobre teoría de redes complejas, que
.Biotecnología
Engineered proteins stick like glue -- even in water Researchers have found new adhesives based on mussel proteins could be useful for naval or medical applications. To create their new waterproof adhesives, researchers engineered bacteria to produce a
Battling superbugs: Two new technologies could enable novel strategies for combating drug-resistant bacteria Two new technologies could enable novel strategies for combating drug-resistant bacteria, scientists report. Most antibiotics work by interfering with crucial functions such as cell division or protein
Program predicts placement of chemical tags that control gene activity Biochemists have developed a program that predicts the placement of chemical marks that control the activity of genes based on sequences of DNA. By comparing sequences with and without epigenomic de
On/off switch for aging cells discovered by scientists An on-and-off “switch” has been discovered in cells that may hold the key to healthy aging. This switch points to a way to encourage healthy cells to keep dividing and generating, for example, new lung or liver
Genetically driven gut feelings help female flies choose a mate Even among flies, mating is a complicated ritual. Their elaborate, and entirely innate, courtship dance combines multiple motor skills with advanced sensory cues. Now, researchers have determined that the Abdominal-B (Abd-B) gene, previously known as the gene that sculpts the posterior parts of the developing fly, is also important for this
Curcumin, special peptides boost cancer-blocking PIAS3 to neutralize cancer-activating STAT3 in mesothelioma A common Asian spice and cancer-hampering molecules show promise in slowing mesothelioma, cancer of the lung lining linked to asbestos. Scientists demonstrate curcumin and cancer-inhibiting peptides increase a protein inhibitor that slows mesothelioma.
Researchers discover how circular RNA is created, find link to degenerative disease Our genetic information is stored in DNA, tiny strands of nucleic acid that contain instructions for the functioning of our bodies. To express this genetic data, our DNA is copied into RNA molecules, which then
Mitochondria's role in neurodegenerative diseases clearer thanks to mouse study A new study sheds light on a longstanding question about the role of mitochondria in debilitating and fatal motor neuron diseases and resulted in a new mouse model to study such illnesses. Mitochondria are
Mycotoxin present in many types of food deteriorates neuroregeneration The effect of Ochratoxin A on the subventricular zone of the brain, which in the adult mammalian brain is where neurogenesis primarily occurs, has been the focus of recent research.
Quorum-sensing signals control when bacteria turn deadly No matter how many times it’s demonstrated, it’s still hard to envision bacteria as social, communicating creatures. But by using a signaling system called “quorum sensing,” these single-celled organisms radically
Sensing neuronal activity with light: New way of mapping neural networks in a living organism For years, neuroscientists have been trying to develop tools that would allow them to clearly view the brain's circuitry in action -- from the first moment a neuron fires to the resulting behavior in an organism. To get this complete picture, neuroscientists are working to develop a range of new tools to study the brain. Researchers have
Technique to model infections shows why live vaccines may be most effective Vaccines against Salmonella that use a live, but weakened, form of the bacteria are more effective than those that use only dead fragments because of the particular way in which they stimulate the immune system, according to new research.
Stem cells use 'first aid kits' to repair damage Neural stem cells -- master cells that can develop into any type of nerve cell -- are able to generate mini “first aid kits” and transfer them to immune cells, according to a new study.
Wild berry extract may strengthen effectiveness of pancreatic cancer drug A wild berry native to North America may strengthen the effectiveness of a chemotherapy drug commonly used to treat pancreatic cancer, reveals research. The study suggests that adding nutraceuticals to
In mice, vaccine stops urinary tract infections linked to catheters The most common type of hospital-associated infection may be preventable with a vaccine, new research in mice suggests. The experimental vaccine prevented urinary tract infections associated with
RNA modifications discovered in some unexpected places Deploying sophisticated high-throughput sequencing technology, dubbed È-seq, a team of researchers collaborated on a comprehensive, high-resolution mapping of È sites that confirms pseudouridylation, the
Protein courtship revealed through chemist's lens Staying clear of diseases requires the proteins in our cells to cooperate with one another. But, it has been a well-guarded secret how tens of thousands of different proteins find the correct dancing partners as they
'Office life' of bacteria may be their weak spot We may be able to drown deadly bacteria in their own paperwork, scientists suggest. For the first time, researchers have shown how the "paper shredder" that keeps the bacteria E. coli on top of its day job
Counting fish teeth reveals regulatory DNA changes behind rapid evolution, adaptation Threespine sticklebacks, small fish found around the globe, undergo rapid evolutionary change when they move from the ocean to freshwater lakes, losing their armor and gaining more teeth in as little as 10 years.
Abnormal properties of cancer protein revealed in fly eyes Mutations in the human retinoblastoma protein gene are a leading cause of eye cancer. Now, scientists have turned to fruit fly eyes to unlock the secrets of this important cancer gene. Since fruit flies are essentially tiny
Parts of genome without a known function may play a key role in the birth of new proteins RNA called non-coding plays an important role in the evolution of new proteins, some of which could have important cell functions yet to be discovered, a study shows. The study analysed experiments carried out
Recruiting bacteria as technology innovation partners: New self-healing materials and bioprocessing technologies For most people biofilms conjure up images of slippery stones in a streambed and dirty drains. While there are plenty of 'bad' biofilms around, a team of scientists see biofilms as a robust new platform for
Sepsis: New, novel therapy proposed by researchers Pentatraxin 3 (PTX3), a protein that helps the innate immune system target invaders such as bacteria and viruses, can reduce mortality of
'Most famous wheat gene' discovered, clears way for non-GMO breeding Researchers have found 'the most famous wheat gene,' a reproductive traffic cop of sorts that can be used to transfer valuable genes from other plants to wheat. The discovery clears the way for breeders to develop
Blood-cleansing biospleen device developed for sepsis therapy Things can go downhill fast when a patient has sepsis, a life-threatening condition in which bacteria or fungi multiply in a patient's blood -- often too fast for antibiotics to help. A new device inspired by the human
Master regulator of cells' heat shock response found, pointing to new potential targets for neurodegenerative diseases and cancer Heat shock proteins protect the molecules in all human and animal cells with factors that regulate their production and work as thermostats. In new research, scientists report for the first time that a protein called translation elongation factor eEF1A1 orchestrates the entire process of the heart shock response.
Measuring modified protein structures: New approach A new approach has been developed to measure proteins with structures that change. This could enable new diagnostic tools for the early recognition of neurodegenerative diseases to be developed.
Each tree species has unique bacterial identity, microbiome research shows Each tree species has its own bacterial identity. That's the conclusion of researchers who studied the genetic fingerprints of bacteria on 57 species of trees growing on a Panamanian island.
Unraveling cell division: Process of mitosis more clear, thanks to new research The process of mitosis has made more clear, thanks to recent research. A new study describes how Topo 2, an enzyme that disentangles DNA molecules and is essential for proper cell division.
Cats lend a helping paw in search for anti-HIV drugs A protein found in both the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) -- which causes AIDS in cats -- and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) might inspire new anti-HIV drugs, researchers report. They offer
How bacteria ward off viruses: New molecular machinery discovered Researchers have provided the first blueprint of a bacterium's "molecular machinery," showing how bacterial immune systems fight off the viruses that infect them. By tracking down how bacterial defense
Cells simply avoid chromosome confusion Reproductive cell division has evolved a simple, mechanical solution to avoid chromosome sorting errors. This natural safeguard prevents incorrect chromosome counts and misalignments that lead to infertility,
Common variable immunodeficiency: Gut bacteria tire out T-cells Leaky intestines may cripple bacteria-fighting immune cells in patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), a rare hereditary disease. The study may explain why these patients suffer from recurrent
Final pieces to circadian clock puzzle found Researchers discovered how two genes -- Period and Cryptochrome -- keep the circadian clocks in cells in proper rhythm with the 24-hour day. The finding has implications for drug development for various
Decoding 'sweet codes' that determine protein fates A methodology has been developed to quantitatively describe the dynamic behaviors of complicated sugar chains in solution at atomic resolution by combining a sophisticated NMR spectroscopic approach.
New producer of crucial vitamin B12 discovered A single group of microorganisms may be responsible for much of the world's vitamin B12 production in the oceans, with implications for the global carbon cycle and climate change, researchers have discovered.
Healing power of 'rib-tickling' found by researchers Unlike salamanders, mammals can't regenerate lost limbs, but they can repair large sections of their ribs. In a new study, a team of researchers takes a closer look at rib regeneration in both humans and mice.
.Neurociencia
Pathway that contributes to Alzheimer's disease revealed by research A defect in a key cell-signaling pathway has been discovered that researchers say contributes to both overproduction of toxic protein in the brains of Alzheimer’s disease patients as well as loss of
Simple test can help detect Alzheimer's before dementia signs show, study shows A simple test that combines thinking and movement can help to detect heightened risk for developing Alzheimer's disease in a person, even before there are any telltale behavioural signs of dementia, researchers
Providing private mental health service to veterans: Hurdles, challenges, advice A new report provides insights about the hurdles faced when providing private mental health services to US veterans, an issue that has gained importance as officials work to reform the Veterans Health
Down Syndrome helps researchers understand Alzheimer's disease The link between a protein typically associated with Alzheimer’s disease and its impact on memory and cognition may not be as clear as once thought, according to a new study. Researchers looked at the role
3-D shape processing in brain: New discovery on how objects, places are processed While previous studies of the brain suggest that processing of objects and places occurs in very different locations, a research team has now found that they are closely related, and in fact, a major pathway long associated with object shape also carries information about landscapes and other environments.
Physical activity in older adults linked to brain white-matter integrity Like everything else in the body, the white-matter fibers that allow communication between brain regions also decline with age. In a new study, researchers found a strong association between the structural integrity of these white-matter tracts and an older person's level of daily
Brain uses three perceptual parameters to recognize 'gloss' The brain uses three perceptual parameters, the contrast-of-highlight, sharpness-of-highlight, or brightness of the object, as parameters when the brain recognizes a variety of glosses, researchers have discovered.
Mitochondria's role in neurodegenerative diseases clearer thanks to mouse study A new study sheds light on a longstanding question about the role of mitochondria in debilitating and fatal motor neuron diseases and resulted in a new mouse model to study such illnesses. Mitochondria are
Mycotoxin present in many types of food deteriorates neuroregeneration The effect of Ochratoxin A on the subventricular zone of the brain, which in the adult mammalian brain is where neurogenesis primarily occurs, has been the focus of recent research.
Cooling of dialysis fluids protects against brain damage Dialysis drives progressive white matter brain injury due to blood pressure instability, however, patients who dialyzed at 0.5 degrees Celcius below body temperature were completely protected against such
Migraine in middle age linked to increased risk of Parkinson's, movement disorders later People who experience migraine in middle age may be more likely to develop Parkinson’s disease, or other movement disorders later in life, research shows. Those who have migraine with aura may be at double
Video games could dramatically streamline educational research Scientists have figured out a dramatically easier and more cost-effective way to do research on science curriculum in the classroom -- and it could include playing video games. Called 'computational modeling,' it
No sedative necessary: Scientists discover new 'sleep node' in the brain A sleep-promoting circuit located deep in the primitive brainstem has revealed how we fall into deep sleep. This is only the second 'sleep
Sensing neuronal activity with light: New way of mapping neural networks in a living organism For years, neuroscientists have been trying to develop tools that would allow them to clearly view the brain's circuitry in action -- from the first moment a neuron fires to the resulting behavior in an organism. To get
Scientists discover 'dimmer switch' for mood disorders Researchers have identified a control mechanism for an area of the brain that processes sensory and emotive information that humans experience as "disappointment." The discovery may provide be a neurochemical
Gambling with confidence: Are you sure about that? Confidence determines much of our path through life, but what is it? Most people would describe it as an emotion or a feeling. In contrast, scientists have found that confidence is actually a measurable quantity,
Single dose of antidepressant changes the brain A single dose of antidepressant is enough to produce dramatic changes in the functional architecture of the human brain. Brain scans taken of people before and after an acute dose of a commonly prescribed
Gene linked to increased dendritic spines -- a signpost of autism Knocking out the gene NrCAM increases the number of dendritic spines on excitatory pyramidal neurons, researchers have discovered. Other studies have confirmed that the overabundance of dendritic spines
Neurobiological basis for key symptoms associated with post-traumatic stress disorder found by brain imaging research In a novel brain-imaging study among trauma victims, researchers have linked an opioid receptor in the brain -- associated with emotions -- to a narrow cluster of trauma symptoms, including sadness, emotional
Novel mechanism involved in memory discovered The discovery of a novel mechanism in the brain involved in the formation of memory and learning has been made by scientists. The discovery could have therapeutic ramifications for conditions including
How stress tears us apart: Enzyme attacks synaptic molecule, leading to cognitive impairment Why is it that when people are too stressed they are often grouchy, grumpy, nasty, distracted or forgetful? Researchers have just highlighted a fundamental synaptic mechanism that explains the
Spontaneous mutations in key brain gene are a cause of autism, study concludes Spontaneous mutations in the brain gene TBR1 disrupt the function of the encoded protein in children with severe autism. In addition, there is a direct link between TBR1 and FOXP2, a well-known language-related
Nine fats to include in a healthy diet Fats are often considered the enemy of good nutrition, but when included in a healthy diet they can boast several potential health
Treating insomnia in elderly reduces inflammation, lowers risk for chronic diseases Insomnia can cause chronic inflammation, which can lead to hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, and more. This study finds that curing the insomnia reduces the inflammation and hopefully reduces
World Alzheimer Report 2014 reveals persuasive evidence for dementia risk reduction The World Alzheimer Report 2014 'Dementia and Risk Reduction: An analysis of protective and modifiable factors,' released today, suggests that dementia risk for populations can be modified through tobacco
Proteins Hey1, Hey2 ensure that inner ear 'hair cells' are made at the right time, in the right place The “molecular brakes” that time the generation of important cells in the inner ear cochleas of mice have been discovered by neuroscientists. These “hair cells” translate sound waves into electrical signals that are
Network measures predict neuropsychological outcome after brain injury Scientists have studied neurological patients with focal brain damage, and found that damage to six hub locations -- identified in a model using resting state fMRI, functional connectivity analyses, and graph
Don't underestimate your mind's eye: Objects don't need to be seen to impact decision-making Objects in our visual environment needn't be seen in order to impact decision making, according to new research. Take a look around, and what do you see? Much more than you think you do, thanks to your
Slowed processing speed linked with executive deficits in multiple sclerosis A new study supports the role of slowed processing speed in the executive deficits found in individuals with multiple sclerosis. Following this study, experts say that MS cognitive research should
How learning to talk is in the genes Researchers have found evidence that genetic factors may contribute to the development of language during infancy. Scientists discovered a significant link between genetic changes near the ROBO2 gene and the
Mobility in cancer patients with malignant spinal cord compression Mobility is equally preserved in cancer patients suffering from malignant spinal cord compression (MSCC) who receive a single dose of 10 Gy of radiation therapy (RT), compared to patients who receive
We see art more as a person than an object: 'Magical contagion' spreads creator's essence to pieces We see art more as a person than an object, according to new research. And in some cases, we make distinctions between artworks — say, an exact replica of a piece created by the artist, versus one created by a
Neuroimaging technique identifies concussion-related brain disease in living brain An experimental positron emission tomography (PET) tracer is effective in diagnosing concussion-related brain disease while a person is still alive. A new study suggests that an experimental radiolabeled
Myth about Parkinson's disease debunked Using advanced computer models, neuroscience researchers have gained new knowledge about the complex processes that cause Parkinson's disease. Scanning the brain of a patient suffering from
Smoking, schizophrenia linked by alterations in brain nicotine signals Schizophrenia is associated with increased rates and intensity of tobacco smoking. A growing body of research suggests that the relationship between schizophrenia and smoking stems, in part, from an effort by
Sport, physical activity help against depression Depression is the most frequently diagnosed mental illness. In the western industrial nations, at least every tenth person suffers from depression once in the course of their life. Depression influences physical health more than diabetes or arthritis, clinicians say. Treatment of depression traditionally occurs with antidepressants and psychotherapy. But as research has shown, sport and physical a
Master regulator of cells' heat shock response found, pointing to new potential targets for neurodegenerative diseases and cancer Heat shock proteins protect the molecules in all human and animal cells with factors that regulate their production and work as thermostats. In new research, scientists report for the first time that a protein called
Using cerebral protection device during transcatheter aortic valve replacement can cut number of cerebral lesions A first-of-its kind study found that using a cerebral protection device during transcatheter aortic valve replacement can significantly reduce the number and volume of cerebral lesions in high risk patients with
Neural compensation in people with Alzheimer's-related protein The human brain is capable of a neural workaround that compensates for the buildup of beta-amyloid, a destructive protein associated with Alzheimer's disease, researchers have discovered. The findings could
Brain scans used to forecast early reading difficulties Researchers have used brain scans to predict how young children learn to read, giving clinicians a possible tool to spot children with dyslexia and other reading difficulties before they experience reading challenges.
EEG study findings reveal how fear is processed in the brain New research illustrates how fear arises in the brain when individuals are exposed to threatening images. This novel study is the first to separate emotion from threat by controlling for the dimension of
Researcher develops, proves effectiveness of new drug for spinal muscular atrophy Approximately one out of every 40 individuals in the United States is a carrier of the gene responsible for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), According to recent studies. This illness is a neurodegenerative disease
Neuroscientists identify key role of language gene Neuroscientists have found that a gene mutation that arose more than half a million years ago may be key to humans' unique ability to produce and understand speech.
Combining epilepsy drug, morphine can result in less pain, lower opioid doses Adding a common epilepsy drug to a morphine regimen can result in better pain control, fewer side effects and reduced morphine dosage, according to research. The result could bring significant relief to many
Slow to mature, quick to distract: ADHD brain study finds slower development of key connections A peek inside the brains of more than 750 children and teens reveals a key difference in brain architecture between those with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and those without. Kids and teens with ADHD, a
This is your brain on snacks: Brain stimulation affects craving, consumption Magnetic stimulation of a brain area involved in "executive function" affects cravings for and consumption of calorie-dense snack foods, reports a study. After stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), young women experience increased cravings for high-calorie snacks -- and eat more of those foods when given the opportunity, according to the researchers.
Brain development in schizophrenia strays from normal path Schizophrenia is generally considered to be a disorder of brain development and it shares many risk factors, both genetic and environmental, with other neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism
Hypersensitivity to non-painful events may be part of pathology in fibromyalgia New research shows that patients with fibromyalgia have hypersensitivity to non-painful events based on images of the patients’ brains, which show reduced activation in primary sensory regions and
Epilepsy breakthrough may lead to non-pharmacological therapies A breakthrough in detecting early onset of refractory epilepsy in children will lead to effective treatment using non-pharmacological therapies, researchers say. 65 million people around the world today
Teens' neural response to food commercials predicts future weight gain In the first prospective longitudinal study to investigate neural response to unhealthy food commercials, Oregon Research Institute scientist Sonja Yokum, Ph.D., and her team found that adolescents showing
.Células madre y Epigenética
War on leukemia: How battle for cell production could be decisive A key step in understanding the nature of the fight for superiority between mutated genes and normal genes could lead to new therapies to combat leukemia, say researchers. The study investigated Acute
Mycotoxin present in many types of food deteriorates neuroregeneration The effect of Ochratoxin A on the subventricular zone of the brain, which in the adult mammalian brain is where neurogenesis primarily occurs, has been the focus of recent research.
New molecule allows for up to 10-fold increase in stem cell transplants A new molecule, the first of its kind, allows for the multiplication of stem cells in a unit of cord blood. Umbilical cord stem cells are used for transplants aimed at curing a number of blood-related diseases,
Reliable and highly efficient method for making stem cells Scientists have found a way to boost dramatically the efficiency of the process for turning adult cells into so-called pluripotent stem cells by combining three well-known compounds, including vitamin C.
Stem cells use 'first aid kits' to repair damage Neural stem cells -- master cells that can develop into any type of nerve cell -- are able to generate mini “first aid kits” and transfer them to immune cells, according to a new study.
Novel drug targeting leukemia cells enters clinical trial A phase 1 human clinical trial has been launched to assess the safety and efficacy of a new monoclonal antibody for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, the most common form of blood cancer in
Scientists create therapy-grade stem cells using new cocktail to reprogram adult cells Researchers have developed a new cocktail that's highly effective at coaxing adult cells to become quality pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Using a new combination of reprogramming factors, they produced a
Re-expression of an embryonic signaling pathway in Melanoma utilizes different receptors Re-expression of an embryonic signaling pathway in melanoma utilizes different receptors than normal embryonic stem cells providing new insights for therapeutic intervention.
How epigenetic memory is passed through generations: Sperm and eggs transmit memory of gene repression to embryos A growing body of evidence suggests that environmental stresses can cause changes in gene expression that are transmitted from parents to their offspring, making 'epigenetics' a hot topic. Epigenetic
Epigenetic drugs: A hope to treat cancer resistance and reduce cancer relapse? Epigenetic modifications may contribute to the development of cancer progenitor cells that can induce drug resistance and the relapse of different types of cancer, researchers report. Adult drug resistant cancer
Endocrine-related protein found to be master regulator in other important diseases Investigating a protein known to influence human glucose levels, scientists found that this factor has a broader reach than first thought, acting on key gene pathways involved in cardiovascular,
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