Kirchhoff-Institut

für Physik

Prof. Dr. Petrich Biophotonics II (SS 2018)

Biophotonics IIgeneral remarks

BIOPHOTONICS I (WS 2017/18)

I. Imaging Systems• human vision

• microscopy

II. Light Scattering• Mie scattering

• light propagation in tissue

BIOPHOTONICS II (SS 2018)

III. Biospectroscopy• Fluorescence spectroscopy

• Phosphorescence, bio- and

chemiluminescence

• Vibrational spectroscopy

IV. Lasers in medicine• Laser interaction with tissue

• Applications

Literature:

• Bergmann-Schäfer, Optik (Walter de Gruyter)

• E. Hecht, Optik (Addison-Wesley)

• J. Bille, W. Schlegel, Medizinische Physik 3

(Springer)

• P.N. Prasad, Biophotonics (Wiley)

• T. Vo-Dinh, Biomedical Photonics Handbook (CRC

Press)

• V.V Tuchin, Handbook of Optical Biomedical Diagnostics

(SPIE Press)

• G.G. Hammes, Spectroscopy for the biological sciences

(Wiley)

• J.R. Lakowicz, Principles of Fluorescence

Spectroscopy (Springer)

• It is NOT required to have attended the „Biophotonics I“ lecture prior to visiting „Biophotonics II“.

• Lecture „Biophotonics II“ will be credited with 2 CP subject to successfully passing the written exam.

• If you intend to obtain credit points, i.e. to participate in the exam, you will have to register at:

https://uebungen.physik.uni-heidelberg.de/v/892

1

Kirchhoff-Institut

für Physik

Biophotonics IIgeneral remarks

Klausur : July 23rd, 2018, 9:15-10:45 h

registration: https://uebungen.physik.uni-heidelberg.de/v/892

Please bring your own, completely empty (!) white paper sheets

Allowed:

- 1 DIN A4 page with hand-written information such as formulas etc.

(both sides are o.k.)

- Pencil, etc., simple pocket calculator (not on smart phone, ipad and such !)

- Brain

Not allowed:- Internet connection of any kind

- Smart phones, cell phone, ipads etc., notebooks, netbooks etc.

- Your neighbor‘s solutions

Personal advice: 1.) be on time

2.) carefully read the question, then think, then write

Prof. Dr. Petrich Biophotonics II (SS 2018) 2

Kirchhoff-Institut

für Physik

Biophotonics IIlecture #9 (June 25th, 2018): summary

Prof. Dr. Petrich Biophotonics II (SS 2018)

IV. LASERS IN MEDICINE

Light Amplification by

Stimulated Emission

of Radiation

IV.2. lasers in biology and medicine

IV.1 laser basics

• high power

• narrow band (e.g. 1 MHz)

• „coherent“ (autocoherence

function close to 1)

• small divergence

IV.3. photochemical interaction

IV.4. photothermal interaction

IV.5. photoablation

IV.6. photodisruption and

plasmainduced interaction

3

Kirchhoff-Institut

für Physik

Biophotonics IIlecture #9 (June 25th, 2018): summary

Prof. Dr. Petrich Biophotonics II (SS 2018)

IV.3. photochemical interaction

IV.3.1. effects of ultraviolett

radiation

IV.3.2. photodynamic

therapy (PDT)

UV-A (400-315 nm):

deeper penetration than UV-B

Destroys collagen

Stimulates release of melanin

Does not cause skin redening

Indirect DNA damage

UV-B (315-280 nm):

Destroys collagen

Causes melanin production

direct DNA damage

(apoptosis, mutation (!))

UV-C (280-200 nm):

Most dangerous UV

Absorbed by ozone

Direct DNA damage

Application: sterilization

IV. LASERS IN MEDICINE

Light Amplification by

Stimulated Emission

of Radiation

IV.2. lasers in biology and medicine

IV.1 laser basics

• high power

• narrow band (e.g. 1 MHz)

• „coherent“ (autocoherence

function close to 1)

• small divergence

4

Kirchhoff-Institut

für Physik

Biophotonics IIabsorption spectrum of water

Prof. Dr. Petrich Biophotonics II (SS 2018) 5

Kirchhoff-Institut

für Physik

Biophotonics IIIV. Lasers in medicine

IV.3. photochemical interaction

IV.4. photothermal interaction

IV.5. photoablation

IV.6. photodisruption and

plasmainduced interaction

Prof. Dr. Petrich Biophotonics II (SS 2018) 6

Kirchhoff-Institut

für Physik

Biophotonics IIIV.4. Photothermal interaction

Thermal properties of selected materials

water

blood

fat

cartilage

liver tissue

aorta

copper

diamond

densitysubstance water content k

IV.4. photothermal interaction

Prof. Dr. Petrich Biophotonics II (SS 2018) 7

Kirchhoff-Institut

für Physik

Biophotonics IIIV.4. Photothermal interaction

Prof. Dr. Petrich Biophotonics II (SS 2018) 8

Kirchhoff-Institut

für Physik

Biophotonics IIIV.2. Lasers in biology and medicine

10000 1000

1E-4

1E-3

0,01

0,1

1

10

100

1000

10000

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1 0,1

1000 100

Zolotarev et al.

Hale et al.

Irvine et al.

a (dermis)

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Prof. Dr. Petrich Biophotonics II (SS 2018) 9

Kirchhoff-Institut

für Physik

Biophotonics IIIV.4. Photothermal interaction

Temperature elevation following laser heating of media in the

absence (−NT) and presence of multi-wall nanotubes

(MWNTs) (+NT) at an irradiance of 15.3 W/cm2 for 1.5 and 5

min, respectively. Temperatures are measured from a radial

distance of 4 mm from the laser center

Cancer Res. Dec 1, 2010; 70(23): 9855–9864.

Fluorescence immunostained images of cyanine 2-linked HSP27-

antibodies, AMCA-linked HSP70 antibodies, and Rhodamin Red-X

linked HSP90 antibodies in human prostate cancer cell line PC3

cells following various treatment protocols and assssed 16 hours

after photothermal treatment. Scale bars are 50 μm.

Ytterbium fiber laser

max. power 3 W

beam diameter 5 mm

wavelength 1064 nm

Photothermal therapy using multi-well carbon nanotubes

Prof. Dr. Petrich Biophotonics II (SS 2018) 10

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für Physik

Biophotonics IIIV.4. Photothermal interaction

nwkec.org

diabetic retinopathy

non-proliferatingtiny (fluid and blood)

leaks in blood

vessels of people

with diabetes

proliferatingneovascularization

due to closure of a

vessel

Prof. Dr. Petrich Biophotonics II (SS 2018) 11

Kirchhoff-Institut

für Physik

Biophotonics IIIV.4. Photothermal interaction

nw

ke

c.o

rg

non-proliferating diabetic retinopathytiny (fluid and blood) leaks in blood vessels

proliferating diabetic retinopathyneovascularization due to closure of a vessel

panretinal laser photocoagulationfocal laser photocoagulation Prof. Dr. Petrich Biophotonics II (SS 2018) 12

Kirchhoff-Institut

für Physik

Biophotonics IIIV.4. Photothermal interaction

http

://ww

w.w

ebm

d.c

om

/eye

-health

/eye

-health

-too

l-spottin

g-v

isio

n-p

roble

ms/d

efa

ult.h

tm

age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

Dry form. The "dry" form of macular

degeneration is characterized by the presence

of yellow deposits, called drusen, in the macula.

A few small drusen may not cause changes in

vision; however, as they grow in size and

increase in number, they may lead to a

dimming or distortion of vision that people find

most noticeable when they read. In more

advanced stages of dry macular degeneration,

there is also a thinning of the light-sensitive

layer of cells in the macula leading to atrophy,

or tissue death. In the atrophic form of dry

macular degeneration, patients may have blind

spots in the center of their vision. In the

advanced stages, patients lose central vision.

Wet form. The "wet" form of macular

degeneration is characterized by the growth of

abnormal blood vessels from the choroid

underneath the macula. This is called choroidal

neovascularization. These blood vessels leak

blood and fluid into the retina, causing distortion

of vision that makes straight lines look wavy, as

well as blind spots and loss of central vision.

These abnormal blood vessels eventually scar,

leading to permanent loss of central vision.

Prof. Dr. Petrich Biophotonics II (SS 2018) 13

Kirchhoff-Institut

für Physik

Biophotonics IIIV.4. Photothermal interaction

http://www.webmd.com/eye-health/eye-vision-tv/video-diabetic-retinopathy

Prof. Dr. Petrich Biophotonics II (SS 2018) 14

Kirchhoff-Institut

für Physik

Biophotonics IIIV. Lasers in medicine

Prof. Dr. Petrich Biophotonics II (SS 2018) 15

Kirchhoff-Institut

für Physik

Biophotonics IIIV. Lasers in medicine

Prof. Dr. Petrich Biophotonics II (SS 2018) 16

Kirchhoff-Institut

für Physik

Biophotonics IIIV. Lasers in medicine

ACS Nano, 2013, 7 (4), pp 2988–2998

DOI: 10.1021/nn303202k

An incision in the skin of the abdomen closed using traditional

sutures (a) and laser soldered using human albumin (b) is

compared two days after surgery. Thirty days after surgery, the

sutured scar (c) is much larger and more noticeable than the laser

soldered scar (d). (Courtesy Tel Aviv University)

laser tissue welding

Prof. Dr. Petrich Biophotonics II (SS 2018) 17

Kirchhoff-Institut

für Physik

Aus: P. Prasad, Introduction to Biophotonics, Wiley (2003)

Biophotonics IIIV. Lasers in medicine

Prof. Dr. Petrich Biophotonics II (SS 2018) 18

Kirchhoff-Institut

für Physik

Biophotonics IIIV. Lasers in medicine

Laser hair removal

http

://vbil.b

ioen.illin

ois

.edu/

C.C

.Die

rickx, w

ww

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enis

.com

ww

w.p

en

nm

ed

.org

Prof. Dr. Petrich Biophotonics II (SS 2018) 19

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für Physik

Biophotonics IIIV. Lasers in medicine

Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Petrich Biophotonics II 23.6.2014 page 20

IV.3. photochemical interaction

IV.4. photothermal interaction

IV.5. photoablation

IV.6. photodisruption and

plasmainduced interaction

Prof. Dr. Petrich Biophotonics II (SS 2018) 20

Kirchhoff-Institut

für Physik

Biophotonics IIIV. Lasers in medicine

drpelias.com

Prof. Dr. Petrich Biophotonics II (SS 2018) 21

Kirchhoff-Institut

für Physik

Biophotonics IIIV. Lasers in medicine

htt

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dla

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Remark on tatoo pigments

e.g.as in paint for autombiles

(titantium dioxide, cadmium

sulfide, chrom oxide, cadmium

selenide, iron oxide), „carbon

black“, organic pigments…

From R. Vasold, Gesundheitsrisiko durch

Tätowierungspigmente, HAUT 3/08, p. 104-107Prof. Dr. Petrich Biophotonics II (SS 2018) 22