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Lectura de Relatos de Viaje en la Literatura

Lectura de Relatos de Viaje en la Literatura.

en Wikimedia Commons

Desde el principio de los tiempos el hombre ha sentido unairrefrenable curiosidad por conocer otros lugares, otrosentornos, otras culturas y gentes. Viajar sólo estaba al alcancede los más intrépidos, pues el viaje entrañaba riesgos ypeligros considerables, o de los más adinerados, ya que sóloellos podían asumir los gastos que un viaje seguro conllevaba.

La mayoría de la población únicamente podía satisfacer estacuriosidad de conocer otros destinos a través de la literatura,

concretamente los libros o relatos de viajes. Los lectoresalimentaban su imaginación con las descripciones que viajeros yexploradores plasmaban en sus narraciones. La lectura lesbrindaba la posibilidad de descubrir a través de los ojos delvaleroso viajero la riqueza y el misterio que el mundo guardabaen lugares lejanos y casi inaccesibles.

En este apartado te ofrecemos la oportunidad de realizar un viaje por una tierra muy especial: Andalucía. Pero noserá un viaje por la Andalucía que conoces y con la que estás familiarizado. Tendremos la visión de Andalucía de unviajero romántico del siglo XIX. Este viajero nos hará una descripción de esta tierra que, junto a otras descripcionesde otros viajeros, contribuirán a esa imagen tópica que a lo largo de la historia se ha formado de Andalucía y que enla actualidad muy poco o nada tiene ya que ver con la realidad andaluza.

¿Has visto en el cine Sleepy Hollow ? Pues nuestro viajero es el autor del relato en el que sebasa esta película: Washington Irving , un escritor americano que en 1826 fue nombradodiplomático en la embajada de Madrid y que aprovechó su estancia en España para conocer sucultura, su historia y sus gentes. Mostró un especial interés por Andalucía y más concretamentepor Granada y La Alhambra. Te proponemos que leas uno de sus escritos. Lo hemos adaptadopara que te sea fácil comprenderlo, así que seguro que con un poco de esfuerzo lo entenderásfácilmente. Contarás con un glosario para que te sea más fácil la comprensión, incluso el mismoautor utiliza en su narración palabras en español.

Ánimo y comprueba cómo era la Andalucía de los escritores románticos.

Washington Irving: The Journey.

(adapted from La Alhambra, 1832)

In the spring of 1829, the author of this work made an expedition from Seville to Granada in company with a friend, amember of the Russian Embassy at Madrid. My friend and I had an especial interest in Andalusia. Its austere andmelancholic landscape /landscape: paisaje/ of rocky mountains and long silent and solitary plains /plain: llanura/ havesome of the undomesticated character of Africa.

cación para personas adultas. Nivel II CIII_B11_T5_contenidos

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The arrieros


The dangers of the journey force people to travel in groups. The arrieros or

muleteers are responsible for the organization of the convoy of people and itssecurity. The muleteer is the legitimate traveler of the land: he crosses /cross:cruzar, cruz / the peninsula from the Pyrenees and the Asturias to the Alpuxarras,the Serrania de Ronda, and even to the gates of Gibraltar. He keeps /keep:guardar/ all his provisions and possessions in his alforjas. He always has histrabuco at hand to protect his small fortune. A solitary bandolero, armed to theteeth, will never dare /dare: atreverse/ to assault /assault: asaltar/ a group of muleteers. The muleteer has a dark and sunburnt /sunburnt: quemado por el sol/complexion. His character is quiet, frank and courteous -he never passes youwithout a serious salutation: "Dios guarde a usted!" "Va usted con Dios,Caballero!" ("God guard you!" "God be with you, Cavalier!").

The muleteer knows a lot of songs and ballads about the Moors, contrabandistas and bandoleros (becausesmugglers and robbers are poetical heroes for the common people of Spain). He has an especial talent for improvising songs about some incident of the journey. This talent is something very frequent in Spain and people saythat it was inherited /inherited: heredado/ from the Moors.

AUTOEVALUACIÓN

Marca la opción correcta

1. People didn’t travel alone because it was very dangerous.

Verdadero Falso

2. A group of soldiers were responsible of the security of the group of travelers.

Verdadero Falso

3. The muleteer was a polite person.

Verdadero Falso


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4. The muleteer could invent songs easily.

Verdadero Falso

5. Muleteers were smugglers

Verdadero Falso

The landscape.-

The ancient kingdom /kingdom: reino/ of Granada is one of the most mountainous regions of Spain. Enormoussierras, without plants or trees, elevate their sunburnt summits /summit: cima/ against a deep-blue sky. However,between these rocky mountains, there are green valleys full of fig /fig tree: higuera/, orange and lemon trees. Theperfume of the myrtle and the rose accompanies the traveler in this wonderful landscape.

AUTOEVALUACIÓN

¿Cuáles de estas imágenes puedes encontrar en el paisaje descrito por WashingtonIrving? Escribe "CORRECTO" o "INCORRECTO" según corresponda a las imágenes :

IMAGES YES NO



de Kalamazadkhan


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de Fir0002

de Christophe Mehay

de Paulo Costa

de SEWilco

The bandoleros.-

The route to Granada was frequently visited by robbers /robber: ladrón, bandolero/ . My friend and I didn't like theidea of traveling in a large convoy with noisy people and animals and preferred to travel alone. We took someprecautions. We sent the most valuable /valuable: valioso/ part of our luggage /luggage: equipaje/ a day or two inadvance in one of those large convoys. We only had the most basic things for the journey and money for theexpenses /expenses: gastos/ of the road. We had to carry an extra amount of dollars in case we were assaulted bybandoleros because they got furious when they found nothing to steal. Many travelers lost their lives because of these furious bandoleros.


We took into service a muleteer called Sancho: a muscular Biscayan young man, about twenty years of age, who


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was to be our guide, our assistant, and at all times our guard /guard: escolta/. He had a formidable trabuco, and hepromised to defend us against rateros; but he honestly confessed that he could do nothing against powerful/powerful: poderoso,-a/ bands, like that of the "sons of Ecija."

Completa la frase con palabras del recuadro.

could kill / didn't carry / was / didn't want / travelled

1. Washington Irving and his friend to travel with other people.

2. They with very few things.

3. They a lot of money.

4. The robbers people when they got very angry.

5. Sancho responsible of the two travellers' security.

The beginning of the journey.


When all the preparations for the journey were finished, we left Seville at half-past six inthe morning of a bright May day. Our route first passed through /through: por, a travésde/ Alcala de Guadaira (Alcala on the river Aira). Here live the bakers /baker: panadero/

who provide /provide: proveer/ Seville with the delicious and famous bread of Alcala. Weordered Sancho to buy those roscas called pan de Dios (bread of God).

Our next stop was at Gandul where we found a tolerable posada. The people at theposada could not tell us the time because the clock only struck /strike: dar la hora/ oncein the day, two hours after noon; until that time you had to guess /guess: adivinar/ whattime it was. We were hungry so we thought it was lunch time. After eating, we left theposada and continued our journey across the campiña. It was one of those enormousplains, common in Spain, where for miles /mile: milla/ and miles there is neither house nor tree.

AUTOEVALUACIÓN

Marca la opción correcta:

1.The journey began on a ...

winter dayspring day


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2. When W. Irving and his friend arrived in Alcalá de Guadaira. . .

they bought some bread.

it was very cloudy

3. In Gandul...

they had breakfast.

they had lunch.

4. The campiña...

was very mountainousdidn't have any houses or trees.

The inn in Arahal .

Paragraph 1


After sunset /sunset: puesta de sol/ we arrived at Arahal, a little town among the hills /hill:colina/. We spent the first night of our journey in a nice posada. When we were talkingwith the innkeeper /innkeeper: posadero/, a group of miquelets arrived at the inn. Themiquelets are a kind of rural police. They were looking for /look for: buscar/ robbers in thecountry. As soon as the commander of the miquelets saw me and my friend, he asked for our passports. After asking us some questions the commander gave us back our passports. Then my Russian friend distributed a few cigars to the people at the inn. Thispresent won the hearts /heart: corazón/ of all and they made big efforts to make uswelcome.

Paragraph 2


While we were having dinner with the patrol commander, we heard the notes of a guitar,and the sound of castanets. Next, a chorus of voices sang a popular song. We orderedthe innkeeper to serve wine /wine: vino/ to everybody. Though there was a diversecongregation of soldiers, muleteers, and villagers /villager: aldeano/, nobody got drunk/get drunk: enborracharse/ and we all enjoyed the music, the dancing and the singing.This was a perfect scene for a painter: the picturesque group of dancers, the soldiers intheir military dresses, the villagers and an old Alguazil in a short black cloak.


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Paragraph 3

The following morning was a bright May morning. Before we left the posada, all the people said good-bye andwished us a safe /safe: seguro/ journey. Finally, the commander of the patrol offered us one of his soldiers as anescort. "One is enough to protect you, señores; the robbers know me, and know my men; the sight /sight: vista,vision/ of one is enough /enough: suficiente/ to extend terror through a whole sierra." We thanked him for his offer but we told him that Sancho was responsible for our protection.

AUTOEVALUACIÓN

Lee las siguientes oraciones y ordénalas según el orden de la narración.

a) They left the posada.

b) Some people started to play a guitar and some castanets.

c) The commander of the miquelets give them back their passports.

d) The people at the inn drank some wine.

e) The commander of the miquelets asked them some questions.

f) W. Irving and his friend arrived at a posada in Arahal.

g) The people at the inn said goodbye to W. Irving and his friend.

1. 4. 7.

2. 5.

3. 6.

Osuna and Antequera.-


That day we travelled through a fertile country. At lunch time we sat under a big tree andate the lunch that Sancho had prepared. After eating, we took a luxurious siesta in the

Spanish fashion /in the Spanish fashion: a la española/.Towards five o'clock we arrived in Osuna, a town of fifteen thousand inhabitants, situatedon the side of a hill, with a church and a ruined castle /castle: castillo/. We looked for aposada. It was a cold evening and the people at the inn were sitting around a brasero.

We lit our cigars, and passed the cigar-box to the people around. Once again /onceagain: una vez más/ our victory was complete. I have never known a Spaniard who didn'tappreciate courtesy; and to the common Spaniard the present of a puro (cigar) isirresistible. However, never offer him a present with an air of superiority andcondescension: he is too much of a caballero to receive favours at the cost of his dignity.


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de El Pantera

Leaving Osuna at an early hour the next morning, we entered the sierra. The landscapewas picturesque but solitary. There were crosses by the road side. These crosses werethe sign of a murder /murder: asesinato/, so we knew that we were now travelling inrobbers' territory. This is where "Jose Maria el Tempranillo," a famous Spanishbandolero, had his favorite working place.

We spent that night in Antiquera. The next morning we visited the town and we could see

the women wearing mantilla: (the fashions of Paris had not reached /reach: alcanzar/Antiquera). We went to the ruins of the old Moorish castle and enjoyed a beautifullandscape full of romantic associations because we were in the heart of a region famousfor the combats between the Moors and the Christians. From the old Moorish castle wecould see the Rock of the Lovers (Peñón de los Enamorados). The legend says that thedaughter of the Moorish alcayde and her lover committed suicide by throwing themselvesfrom the top of the Peñon because the Moorish alcayde didn't approve of their loverelationship.

We left Antiquera the following morning at eight o'clock. At noon we stopped near Archidona. At lunch time, we sat on the grass /grass: hierba/ under an elm /elm: olmo/ bythe side of a small river not far from Archidona castle.

The beggar and the legend of Archidona Castle.-

While we were eating, a solitary beggar /beggar: mendigo/ approached /approach: aproximarse/. We gave him

some money, some bread, and a glass of our Malaga wine. After thanking us for this, he put the bread in a bag. Weasked him to eat the bread, but he replied: "No, señores, the wine I can drink or leave; but the bread I have to takehome to share /share: compartir/ with my family." Although /although: aunque/ he was a very poor man, he had thenatural courtesy of a Spaniard and the poetical way of speaking that you can often find even in the lowest classes inSpain. We gave him more food, so that he could eat with us. After eating, the beggar told us the legend of Archidona castle.

AUTOEVALUACIÓN

1.Ahora vas a escuchar al mendigo narrando esta leyenda. Señala los personajes yelementos de la leyenda:

Queen CatherineQueen Isabella

Queen Mary


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2.

The Moorish King

The Christian King.

The Spanish King

3.

The castle

the house

the palace

4.

the people

the army

the villagers

5.

The lady

The Princess

The Virgin

6.

The lion

The dog

The horse

AUTOEVALUACIÓN

Escucha de nuevo la leyenda y léela a la vez. Completa el texto con las palabras quefaltan.

The castle was inhabited a Moorish king at the

of the wars of Granada. Queen Isabella

to conquest the castle with a great /army: ejército/. The Moorish king laughed at her because

the was very difficult to conquest. The

says that the Virgin


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de Té y kriptonita

/appear: aparecer/ to Queen Isabella and

/guide: guiar/ her and her army to the castle following a

mysterious /path: sendero/ in the

. Nobody knew that path. When the

Moor her and her big army coming, he was terrified

and jumped off a precipice with his horse. You can

he marks of his horse's hoofs /hoof: casco/ in the margin of

a rock. But the miracle is that can see the

mysterious path at a distance, and when you near

the path it disappears!

The end of the journey.-We continued our journey and before sunset we could see the famous little frontier city of Loxa. We were havingdinner at the posada when, suddenly /suddenly: de repente/, two poor and unfortunate Asturians arrived. They wereassaulted by bandoleros when they were coming from a fair /fair: feria/. They robbed them their horse, their money,everything. The Asturians offered resistance and the robbers beat /beat: golpear / them and left them almost naked/naked: desnudo/ in the road. My companion, with his usual generosity, ordered them a dinner and a bed, and gavethem money to help them return home.

The following day, we entered upon the famous Vega of Granada. There, in the distance, was romantic Granadawith the towers of Alhambra watching the city from the top of the mountain. Far beyond /far beyond: mucho másallá/ the Alhambra the snowy summits of the Sierra Nevada shone like silver /silver: plata/.

We stopped to contemplate this wonderful sight. Our Sancho said: "Ah Dios, señores! What a city you are going tosee. Such streets! Such squares! Such palaces! And then the women -ah Santa Maria Purisima- what women!"

AUTOEVALUACIÓN

Marca la opción correcta:

1. W. Irving and his friend arrived in Loxa in the evening.

Verdadero Falso

2. W. Irving and his friend were assaulted by bandoleros.

Verdadero Falso


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3. The robbers stole clothes

Verdadero Falso

4. Sancho dislikes Granada very much.

Verdadero Falso

TIME CONNECTORS.-

En una narración literaria o sencillamente cuando cuentas lo que ha pasado a lo largo de un determinado espacio detiempo, se hace necesario el uso de los conectores de tiempo. Éstos son expresiones de tiempo que utilizamoscuando, por ejemplo, contamos lo que hicimos ayer o durante unas vacaciones o incluso cuando "narramos" unadivertida anécdota. "Time connectors" son las palabras encargadas de establecer el orden cronológico en el queocurren las cosas.

Conectores de tiempo Time connectors

Antes de (que) BEFORE (that)

Después de (que) AFTER (that)

Seguidamente NEXT

Luego, después THEN

Mientras WHILE

Cuando WHEN

Primero, segundo, tercero FIRST, SECOND,THIRD

Finalmente FINALLY

Visita este enlace para obtener una explicación más amplia sobre TIME CONNECTORS.

TIME CONNECTORS

A lo largo de la narración de Washington Irving que acabas de leer, el autor ordena los sucesos de su viaje con laayuda de time connectors.


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Lee de nuevo el capítulo "The Inn in Arahal " y busca todos los conectores de tiempo que hay.

AUTOEVALUACIÓN

Escribe en los casilleros correspondientes a cada párrafo (" paragraph") del capítulo The

Inn in Arahal los conectores de tiempo que encuentres. Escríbelos en el mismo ordenen el que aparecen en el párrafo.

Paragraph 1:

Paragraph 2:

Paragraph 3:

AUTOEVALUACIÓN

Ahora vas a utilizar estos conectores en una narración sencilla.

¿Te acuerdas de Richard, el norteamericano que vino a Andalucía para aprender español? Mira lo que su agenda tenía previsto para el día de ayer. Vas a completar lanarración sobre lo que Richard hizo ayer eligiendo el conector de tiempo correcto.

Yesterday...

7.30 Get up

...Richard got up at 7.30 in the morning. WHEN / THEN

he had a shower and got dressed.7.30 to8.00

Shower + getdressed

8.00 to8.20

Breakfast

He had a cup of coffee and some toasts for breakfast.

WHILE / AFTER he was having breakfast, he

listened to the radio news.

8.30 BusAFTER / BEFORE breakfast, he left home

and took the bus to the university.

9.00 to13.00

Classes He had classes from 9 to 13.00.

13.00 LibraryWHILE / WHEN he finished his classes, he

borrowed two books at the university library.

14.00 Lunch with CharoNEXT / BEFORE , he met Charo at the

university canteen for lunch. They meet for lunch threetimes a week to practice both English and Spanish.


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16.00 to 19.30 English school

THEN / AS SOON AS they

finished lunch, Richard went to the English Schoolwhere he works as a teacher. He left the Englishschool at 19.30 and went home.

20.00 Buy foodBEFORE / NEXT he arrived home, hebought some food at the supermarket near hisapartment.

Home!!AFTER / FINALLY , he had dinner,

watched a film on TV and went to bed.


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