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alg;s]sf sfg"g sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg tyf gofF ;+ljwfg sfof{Gjosf qmddf AfGg'kg]{ gofF sfg"gx?sf] lgdf{0f df nfUg' kg]{ ;do xf] . ;+ljwfg k|4Q clwsf/x?sf] ;'lglZrttf hgtfdf cfjZos k|jGw ldnfpg] tyf ;+j}wflgs k|Tofe"ltx?sf] sfof{Gjogdf b]lvPsf] sfg"gL l/QmtfnfO{ oyfl;3| ;Daf]wg ug'{ h?/L 5 . cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;+:s[lt tyf gful/s clwsf/sf] Gofoof]Uotf af/]sf e|dx? lrb}{ pQm clwsf/sf] pNn+3glj?4 hgtf tyf ;d'bfon] g} hjfkmb]lxtf vf]Hg] kl/kfl6sf] ljsf; klg TolQsf} h?/L 5 . /fhgLlt clwsf/sf If]qdf t'ntfGds ?kdf s]xL k|ult b]lvPsf] ePtfklg log} /fhgLlts clwsf/x?sf] k"0f{ k|Tofe"ltsf nflu cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;+:s[lts, clwfsf/sf] ;'lglZrttf ckl/xfo{ x'G5 . Ps dlxnfn] cfkm\gf] hLage/Lsf] ;+3if{ df cfkm'nfO{ sfg"g lgd{0fsf] tx ;+;b ;Dd k'/\ofpbf, tL dlxnfn] 3/kl/jf/, ;d'bfo ;+u ufFl;Psf cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;+:s[lts clwsf/x?sf] pkef]u / pkof]u s;/L ul//x]sL 5g\ eGg] clxn]sf] ;j{q rf;f] xf] . clwsf/ k|flKtsf] ;'lglZrttf ;+u PsltxfO{sf] xf/fxf/Ldf dlxnfx? ljleGg If]q, ;d'bfo, tx / tKsfsf] k|ltlglwTj ub}{ ;bdf k|a]z u/], Toltdfq xf]Og ;Ddflgt tyf sfo{sf/L -/fi6«klt, ;efd'v tyf k|wfgGofoflwz h:tf ul/dfdo kbx?df dlxnfsf] kx'Fr t k'Uof] t/ clxn] klg o:tf zLif{:yfgdf k'u]sf dlxnf JolQmTjx?nfO{ x]g]{ b[li6sf]0fdf lkt[;tfTds ;f]rx? sfod} /x]sf] ljut !÷@ jif{ 36]sf 36gfx?n] k'li6 ub{5g\ hf] cfly{s ;fdflhs / ;+:s[lts clwsf/sf] kl/k'/0fsf] cefjn] ubf{g} pTkGg ePsf x'g\ . o;y{ gful/s / /fhgLlts clwsf/sf If]qdf k|fKt pknAwLsf] ;+:yfs/0fsf nflu cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;+:s[lts clwsf/sf] k|Tofe"ltsf] ax;nfO{ 3lge"t agfpg h?/L b]lvPsf] 5 .

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hfu/0f g]kfn lg/Gt/ ?kdf dlxnfsf] cfly{s,;fdflhs, ;f:s[lts, gful/styf /fhgLlts clwsf/sf] nflu jsfnt d'vL, ;r]tgfd'vL tyf Ifdtf clea[l4;+u uFfl;Psf d'4fx?df sfd ug{ cufl8 a9\of] . ;a} gLltsf] dfpgLlt /fhgLltdf dlxnfsf] cy{k"0f{ ;xeflutf a[l4 ug{sf nflu lautb]lv cfk\mgf laleGg cleofgx? ;+rfng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . laz]ift gLlt lgdf{0f txdf dlxnfsf] ;dfg'kflts ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ug{, /fHosf x/]s ;+/rgfdf slDtdf ## k|ltzt ;xeflutf a9fpg /fhgLlts bn / /fHosf x/]s lgsfodf ;+a}wflgs ?kdf Aoa:yf ePsf] dlxnfsf] ;dfa]zL ;xeflutf ;'lglZttfsf nflu /fhgLlts bnsf lhDd]jf/ g]tfx?;+u k}/jL ug]{, jsfnt ug]{, bnsf lawfg 3f]if0ffkqx? n}lËs d}qL agfpgsf] nflu ;xof]u ug]{ sfo{ ul//x]sf] 5 eg] Dffgj a]rlavg, cf];f/k;f/, 3/]n' lx+;f nufotsf dlxnf la?4 x'g] lx+;fsf] cGTo ug]{ lgod sfg"g lgdf{0f / k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogdf ;xof]u k'/\ofpgsf] nflu gLltut jsfntsf sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ul//x]sf] 5 . ;fdflhs plTk8g, zf]if0f, k5f}6]kg, clzIff, r]tgfsf] sdL cflb sf/0fn] kl5 kfl/Psf dlxnf, blnt, hghflt, cNk;+Vos, l;dfGts[t au{ / ;d'bfosf cfjfhx?sf] p7fg ug{sf nflu ljleGGf lsl;dsf sfo{qmdsf dfWodaf6 cufl8 a9]sf] 5 .

o:tf sfo{qmdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] qmddf hfu/0f g]kfnn] d'n'ssf ljleGg lhNnfx?df dlxnfsf] ;dfj]zL ;xeflutfsf nflu Ifdtf ljsf; sfo{qmdsf dfWodaf6 uf=lj=; tyf lhNnftxdf hgjsfnt, g]t[Tj ljsf; tyf dfgjclwsf/, dlxnf clwsf/;+u ;DalGwt ljifosf d'4fx?df l;dfGts[t tyf pk]lIft dlxnfx?sf] Ifdtf ljsf;sf sfo{df ;xof]u k'/\ofpb} cfPsf] 5 . /fhgLlts bnx?nfO{ pgLx?sf] ljwfg, 3f]if0ffkq tyf cGo b:tfj]hx? ;dfj]zL tyf nf]stflGqs k4lt cg'?k lgdf{0f ug{ ;xlhs/0f ug]{ / cGt/ kf6L{÷cfGtl/s kf6L{ tyf gful/s ;dfhaLr /fhgLltdf dlxnf ;dfa]lzs/0fsf]

d'4fnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ ax;÷5nkmn tyf k}/jLsf sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng eO{ To; If]qsf gfulsx?nfO{ ;r]t / ;zQm agfpg ;xof]u ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . sfo{qmd ;+rfng ePsf If]qsf dw]zL d'l:nd, blnt, hghflt tyf l;dfGts[t ;d'bfo ;+u dlxnfx?sf] /fhgLlt nufPt /fHosf ljleGg lg0ff{os tyf gLlt lgdf{0f txdf ;d]t ;dfg ;xeflutfsf] nflu ;dfg x}l;ot sfod u/fO{ dlxnf clwsf/, dfgjclwsf/, ;fdflhs lnËe]bsf ljifodf ;';"lrt u/fpg], ;/sf/, /fhgLlts bn / ;fdflhs ;+:yfsf] gLlt ;dfj]zL tyf dlxnf d}qL agfpg ;xlhs/0f ug]{, l;dfGtLs[t ;d"bfonfO{ clwsf/ k|fKtLsf] nflu ;lqmo ;xeflutf tyf ;zlQms/0f ug]{ / /fHosf ;j} tx / lgsfodf slDtdf ## k|ltzt dlxnf ;xeflutf x'g'kg]{ lg0f{osf] k|efjsf/L sfo{Gjogdf o; sfo{qmdn] ;xof]u ul//x]sf] 5 . o; sfo{qmdsf dfWodaf6 :yfgLo :t/sf dlxnfx?df Ifdtf clej[l4 eO :yfgLo, lhNnf tyf s]Gb|Lo tx ;Ddsf lg0ff{os txdf ;xefuL x'g yfNg'sf ;fy} :yfgLo dlxnf g]tfx? /fhgLlts bnsf] lhNnf :t/sf sldl6x?df dgf]lgt x'g yfn]sf 5g\ . sfo{qmdsf] lg/Gt/ bjfj :j?k :yfgLo lgsfox?df g]kfn ;/sf/n] slDtdf ## k|ltzt dlxnf ;xeflutf u/fpg yfn]sf 5g\ . :yfgLo >f]t kl/rfngsf nflu dlxnf ;d"xx?, ;xsf/L tyf :yfgLo ;+3;+:yfx?sf] kl/rfng x'g yfn]sf] 5 . dlxnfsf] ;dfj]zL ;xeflutfsf nflu k'?if g]tfx? ;xefuL eO{ :yfgLo lgsfo tyf ;+3 ;+:yfx?df slDtdf ## k|ltzt dlxnfsf] ;xeflutfsf nflu jsfnt ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . sfo{qmds} dWofdaf6 dlxnf tyf l;sflGts[t ;d'bfosf] clwsf/ /Iff / gful/s ;dfhsf] ;zlQms/0fsf nflu :yfgLo tyf lhNnf txsf ;/sf/L lgsfox? ;+u ;xsfo{ ub}{ sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ qmddf g]kfndf lje]b ul/Psf ;d"xsf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/sf] k|j4{gsf nflu dfgj clwsf/ /Ifs tyf gful/s ;dfhsf] ;'b[l9s/0f sfo{qmd dfgjclwsf/ /Ifs tyf dfgj clwsf/ kLl8t

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cfly{s ;zlQms/0fsf nflu cj;/x?df kx'Frsf] j[l4 ug{ dlxnfx? cfly{s ?kdf ;Ifd geP ;Dd pgLx?sf] ;zlQms/0f x'g ;Sb}gg\ eGg] dfGotfnfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ cfod'ns ultlalw, :yfgLo ;|f]tdf kx'Fr / kl/rfng, ;/sf/L ;]jf tyf clwsf/k|lt Ifdtf tyf kxF'rsf] clej[l2 ug{sf nflu sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng u/L :yfgLo :t/sf dlxnfx?nfO{ ;Lkd'ns -afF;sf] d'9f, kmf]6f] km|]d, /\ofs, udnf, u'l8of agfpg], bfndf]7 e'lhof, agfpg], l;nfO{ s6fO_ tflnd k|bfg u/]sf] 5 .h;sf] dfWodaf6 lhljsf]kfh{gdf ;xof]u k'u]sf] 5 . To;}u/L blnt, lx+;f k|efljt, ckf+Ë, u/La, ls;fgnfO{ lhlasf]kfh{gsf nflu t/sf/L v]tL ug{ lap lat/0f, df};dL÷a]df};dL t/sf/L v]tL, afv|f÷a+u'/kfng, s:d]l6s k;n, v'b|f Aofkf/ ;+rfngdf k|ToIf ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 .

w]/} dlxnfx? :yfgLo dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfo{no cGt{ut ;+rflnt dlxnf ;xsf/Ldf cfj4 ePsf5g\ eg] Joj;foLs v]ltsf nflu tflnd kfO dfl;s ?kdf @) b]lv #) xhf/ ;Dd cfocfh{g ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ .

g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] ;dfj]zLs/0f l;4fGtnfO{ cfTd;ft ub}{ dlxnf tyf l;dflGts[t ;d'bfo blnt, hghflt, nf]kf]Gd'v ;d"bfo, d';ndfg, dw]zL / cGo al~rt ;d"bfosf] ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTjsf] l;4fGtsf cfwf/df x'g'kg]{ atfPsf] 5 . gful/s If]qaf6 ePsf k}/jLsf sfo{qmds} k|efjn] @)^$ df ;DkGg klxnf] ;+ljwfg;efdf dlxnfsf] ## k|ltzt ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt eof] eg] bf]>f] ;+ljwfg;efdf @(=%$ ;'lglZrt x'g k'Uof] . ;+ljwfgn] 5f]/f / 5f]/Lsf] ;dfg clwsf/sf] s'/f u/] klg of] sfof{Gjogdf

cfPsf] 5}g . ljBdfg ;+/rgfx?n] dlxnfx?nfO{ oL clwsf/x? k|fKtL / pkef]u ug{ ;xhtf k|bfg u/]sf] 5}g . pTkfbgsf ;fwg, hldg, pBf]u / ;fj{hlgs ;DklQdf kx'Frsf] cefj, cfly{s >f]tsf] cefj, cfly{s pkfh{gsf cj;/sf] cefj, lzIffsf] kx'Frdf cj;/sf] cefj, Go"g Ifdtf clwj[l4,;]jfsf If]qx?df dlxnfsf] sd ;xeflutf, lg0ff{os txdf dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf gx'g' h:tf s'/fn] klg ;+/rgfTds kl/jt{g x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . o:tf] cj:yfdf dlxnfx? ljz]if u/L l;sflGts[t ;d'bfosf] :yfgLo ;'zf;g, lgjf{rg, lg0ff{ostx / /fhgLltdf ;jnLs/0f sfo{qmd dfkm{t dlxnfx?sf] ;zlQms/0f ug{sf nflu hfu/0f g]kfnn] tfKn]h'Ë, kfFry/, Onfd, emfkf, df]/Ë, sfe|], ;'g;/L, 8f]6L, 88]nw'/f, sf:sL, tgx'F, l;Gw'kfNrf]s, dsjfgk'/, vf]6fË lhNnfx?df sfo{qmd ;+rfng u/]sf] 5 . sfo{qmdsf dfWodaf6 :yfgLo txsf dlxnfx?sf] Ifdtf clej[l4sf nflu ljleGg ultljlwx? ;+rfng u/L ;d'bfosf dlxnfx?sf] g]t[Tj ljsf;, ;Lk ljsf; tflndsf dfWodåf/f cfly{s ;zlQms/0f ug]{ / :yfgLo ;/sf/nfO{ pQ/bfoL agfpb} ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f x'g ;xof]u ul//x]sf] 5 .

vf;u/L hldg, pBf]u / ;fj{hlgs ;DklQdf kx'Frsf] cefj, cfly{s >f]tsf] cefj, cfly{s pkfh{gsf cj;/sf] cefj, lzIffsf] kx'Frdf cj;/sf] cefj, ;]jfsf If]qx?df, lg0ff{os txdf dlxnfsf] Go"g ;xeflutf, ul/jL h:tf s'/fn] klg ;+/rgfTds kl/jt{g x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g To;}n] dlxnfsf] lg0ff{os txdf kx'Fr a9fpg, lhljsf]kfh{gdf ;xhtf Nofpgs / ;du|df dlxnfsf] ;fdflhs, cfly{s cj:yf ;'wf/ ug{ tyf oL cfly{s, ;fdflhs, /fhgLlts / ;+f:s[lts If]qdf dlxnfsf] Jofks pkl:ylt / kx'Fr l;h{gfsf nflu hfu/0f g]kfn lg/Gt/ lqmoflzn /x]sf] 5 . :yfgLo txsf sfg'gx?sf] lgdf{0f tyf ;+;f]wg :yfgLo txs} /Lltl/jfh, 1fg tyf k/Dk/f ;+u d]nvfg x'g'kg]{df ;DjlGwt ;/f]sf/jfnsf] rf;f] a9]sf] 5 . /fhgLlts If]q d'Vo u/L :yfgLo tx tyf bnsf s]Gb|Lo ;ldltx?df x'g] hgzlQmdf dlxnf ;xeflutf s;/L a9L eGbf a9L a9fpg] eGg] ;jfndf hfu/0f g]kfn ;r]t eO{ sfd ul//x]sf] 5 . dlxnf ;zlSts/0f ;d"xx?sf] kxndf uflj;af6 n}lËs ah]6df dlxnfsf] kx'Fr :yfkgf ePsf] 5 eg] ;d"xsf dlxnfx?n] ljleGg /fhgLlts bnsf] ;b:otf k|fKt u/]sf, tyf ;b:otf kfO;s]sfx?n] kf6L{sf] lj|mofzLn ;b:otf lnPsf 5g\ . kf6L{sf] ;fwf/0f ;b:oaf6 gu/ sldl6sf] sf]iffWoIf ;Dd k'Ug ;kmn ePsf 5g\ . w]/} dlxnfx? ;fwf/0f ;b:oaf6 If]qLo sldl6sf] ;b:o x'g ;kmn ePsf 5 . gful/s j8f d~rsf] ;+of]hs, uflj;sf] of]hgf ;ldltsf] ;b:o, laBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] cWoIf, ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] kbflwsf/L, pkef]Stf ;ldltsf] cWoIfdf ;d]t k'Ug ;s]sf 5g\ . ljleGg sfo{j|md dfkm{t /fhgLlts bnx?af6 ;dfg dlxnf ;xeflutfsf] nfuL k|lta4tf hfx]/ ug{

pkn

AwL ty

f l;sfO{

hfu/)f cleofg 3

bjfj ;[hgf x'g yfn]sf]] 5 eg] /fhgLlts bnx?n] blnt, nf]kf]Gd'v n]Krf / cNk;+Vosaf6 lwdfn, p/fp, bg'jf/ / s'dfn hfltsf dlxnfx?nfO{ cfufdL lgjf{rgdf ;+efljt g]t[Tj lgdf{0f ug{ ;zlQms/0f ;d"xdf ;xefuL u/fPsf 5g\ . dlxnfx? g]t[Tj Ifdtfsf] ljsf; x'Fb} uO cfufdL :yfgLo lgsfo lgjf{rgdf pDd]åf/Lsf] nflu bfaL ug{ tof/ ePsf 5g\ . /fHoåf/f k|bfg ul/g] lzIff, :jf:Yo, s[lif nufot dlxnf pBdlzntf ;+u ;DalGwt ;]jf ;'ljwfsf] af/]df hfgsf/L lnO{ ;f] k|fKt ug{sf] lgldQ ;lqmo ePsf 5g\ . hfu/0f g]kfnn] dlxnfsf] g]t[Tj ljsf; / clwsf/sf] ;jfndf sfd ul//xFbf s]lx l;sfOx? ePsf 5g\ .

• dlxnfsf] g]t[Tj ljsf;sf nflu cfly{s ;zlQms/0f ;+u ;DalGwt ultlalwx? ;+u;+u} ;+rfng ug'{ kg]{,

• dlxnf ;zlSts/0fsf] ;fy} k'?if ;r]tLs/0fsf] sfo{j|md klg ;+u} x'Fbf kl/0ffd Nofpgdf ;sf/fTds k|efj k/]sf] kfOof] .

• /fhgLltdf dlxnfsf] ;dfj]zL ;xeflutfdf qmlds ?kdf ;sf/fTds ;'wf/sf] l:ylt /x]sf] eP klg dlxnf g]tfx? cf—cfkm\gf bnsf ;+u7gfTds ;+/rgfx?sf lg0f{fos txdf k'Ug 7"n} ;+3if{ ug'{ kg]{ cj:yf /x]sfn] o; sfo{df ;xof]u ug{ cfaZos sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug'{ kg]{,

• g]kfnsf k|d'v /fhgLlts bnx?n] cfk\mgf] ;f+u7lgs k|0ffnL / ;+/rgf tyf /fHosf ;+/rgfx?df k|ltlglwTjsf] ;Gbe{df dlxnfsf] ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj / Go'gtd ## k|ltzt dlxnf k|ltlglwTjnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug]{ k|ltj2tf AoQm u/]sf 5g\ .

• sfdsf] k|efjsf/Ltf a9fpg, pknAwL xfFl;n ug{ tyf k|fKt pknAwLsf] /Iff / lbuf]kgsf nflu ;/sf/L lgsfox?, /0fg}lts ;fFem]bf/x? / ;/f]sf/jfnf ;+:yfx?;+u;DaGw lj:tf/ / ;xsfo{ ug'{ Hofb} dxTjk"0f{ x'g],

• :yfgLo :t/df lqmoflzn ;+:yf;+u ;xsfo{df sfd ubf{ ;fdflhs kl/rfng, :yfgLo ;fwg >f]tsf] pkof]u tyf kl/rfng x'g'sf ;fy} ;+:yfsf] Ifdtf a[l4sf] sfo{n] d'4fsf] :yfgLos/0f / lbuf] ljsf;df pNn]Vo ;xof]u k'Ug],

• Dflxnf ;d"xx?/nfO{ aLpF kF"hL pknAw u/fO{ cfod"ns sfo{ ;+rfng ug{ ;xof]u ugf{n] cfly{s ;zlQms/0fdf ;xof]u k'Ug],

• /fhgLlts ?kdf ty:6 /xgfn] laZjf;lgo 9+un] sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng eO k|efjsf/Ltf a[l4 x'g],

olt pknAwLx? x'Fbfx'Fb} klg sfo{qmdsf s]xL r'gf}tLx? /x]sf 5g\ h;nfO{ o;/L x]g{ ;lsG5 .

• dlxnf ;xeflutfsf ;jfndf ;+ljwfg / sfg'gx? alg;s]sf ePtfklg k/Dk/fut ;f]r / ;fdflhs, ;+:s[lts ;+:sf/df kl/jft{g Nofpb} a9L eGbf a9L dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf u/fpg r'gf}tLk"0f{ /x]sf] 5 .

• dlxnfx?sf] cfly{s kx'Fr geP ;Dd ;du| kIfsf] ljsf; x'g ;Sb}g t/ lkt[;ftfTds ;f]rdf kl/jt{g NofO{ dlxnfx?sf] >f]tdf kx'Fr a[l4 ug'{ r'gf}tL /x]sf] 5 .

• dlxnf lx+;fsf 36gfx? ;fjf{hlgs ug{ / o; ljifodf ;r]tgf clej[l4 ub}{ lx+;f lgGo"lgs/0fdf r'gf}tL

b]zdf vf;u/L :yfgLo txsf] r'gfj ljut !* jif{ b]lv x'g g;Sbf hgtfsf] ;xeflutfsf] ;jfn;+u hf]l8Psf] ;'zf;g / ;DjlGwt lgsfox?sf] hjfkmb]lxtf, /fhgLltdf dlxnfsf] ;dfa]zL ;xeflutfsf] ;jfn k|d'v r'gf}tLsf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 .

pkn

AwL tyf l;

sfO{

cfly{s ;zlQms/0fsf nflu cj;/x?df kx'+rsf] j[l4 ug{ dlxnfx? cfly{s ?kdf ;Ifd geP ;Dd pgLx?sf] ;zlQms/0f x'g ;Sb}gg\ eGg] dfGotfnfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ cfod'ns ultlalw, :yfgLo ;|f]tdf kx'+r / kl/rfng, ;/sf/L ;]jf tyf clwsf/k|lt Ifdtf tyf kx'+rsf] clej[l2 ug{sf nflu sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng u/L :yfgLo :t/sf dlxnfx?nfO{ ;Lkd'ns -af+;sf] d'9f, kmf]6f] km|]d, ¥ofs, udnf, u'l8of agfpg], bfndf]7 e'lhof, agfpg], l;nfO{ s6fO_ tflnd k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . h;sf] dfWodaf6 lhljsf]kfh{gdf ;xof]u k'u]sf] 5 . To;}u/L blnt, lx+;f k|efljt, ckf+utf, u/La, ls;fgnfO{ lhlasf]kfh{gsf nflu t/sf/L v]tL ug{ lap lat/0f, df};dL÷a]df};dL t/sf/L v]tL, afv|f÷a+u'/kfng, s:d]l6s k;n, v'b|f Aofkf/ ;+rfngdf k|ToIf ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 .

4 hfu/)f cleofg

;a} gLltsf] dfp gLlt /fhgLltdf dlxnfsf] ;dfg ;xeflutf geP ;Dd gL0ff{os txdf pgLx?sf] e"ldsf Go"gg} /xG5 . ljZjdf g} gLlt lg0f{o txdf dlxnfsf] pkl:ylt lgs} lgDg /x]sf] xfnsf] cj:yf g]kfnsf ljleGg gful/s ;+3 ;+37gx?df ;d]t dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf cGTot} Go"g /x]sf] kfOG5 . u};; dxf;ª\3 g]kfndf #@=$#, g]kfn af/ P;f]l;P;gdf !^,g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3df !%, ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf dxf;ª\3 g]kfndf %$, vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO pkef]Qmf dxf;ª\3 g]kfndf $@, g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6Ldf *, g]kfn kl/jf/ lgof]hg ;ª\3df ^@ k|ltzt ;xeflutf /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

To;}u/L /fhgLlts If]qdf dlxnfsf] ;+Vof a9fpg ljleGg k|of; eP klg ljZJfe/ g} g]t[Tjdf k'Ug] dlxnfsf] ;+Vof Hofb} Go"g /x]sf] 5 . dlxnf ;+DjlGw /fi6«;+3Lo lgof]u o'Pg j'dgsf] k|ltj]bg cg';f/ xfn ljZjsf ;+f;b dWo] hDdf @@=* k|ltzt dfq dlxnf /x]sf 5g\ . ljZjsf ljleGg !) d'n'sdf /fi6« k|d'v / ( d'n'sdf ;/sf/ k|d'v dlxnf /x]sf 5g\ . g]kfndf klg /fHosf k|d'v tLg tx /fi6«klt, ;efd'v / k|wfg Gofoflwzdf dlxnf k'uL g]t[Tj ;Dxfn] klg d'n'ssf] tNnf] txsf] lg0ff{os txdf Go"g pkl:ylt /x]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] /fHosf lgsfodf slDtdf ## k|ltzt dlxnf ;xeflutfsf nflu ;'lglZrt u/]sf] 5 eg] g]kfn blIf0f Pl;ofs} dlxnf d}qL sfg'g lgdf{0f ug]{ b]zx? dWo] Ps kb{5 . olt x'Fbf x'b} klg ef}uf]lns ljljwtf, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts d"No dfGotfsf sf/0f dlxnfnfO{ hlt clwsf/ sfg"gn] k|Tof/f]k0f u/]sf] 5 To;sf] sfof{Gjo r'gf}tLk"0f{ /x]sf] 5 .

dlxnf ;xeflutf ;DjGwL df}lns xsx? -/fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o :t/df_

• g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] ;a} gful/sx? dfem ;dfgtfsf] xs / dlxnfsf] nflu /fHon] ljz]if Aoa:yf ug{ ;Sg] -wf/f !*_ / wf/f #* df dlxnfsf] xs cGtu{t pkwf/f $ df /fHosf ;a} lgsfodf dlxnfnfO{ ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df ;xefuL x'g] xs x'g] Aoa:yf u/]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] :yfgLo txdf Go'gtd $) k|ltzt tyf ;+3Lo / k|b]z ;ef Pj+ /fi6« k|d'v pkk|d'vdf dlxnf / k'?ifsf]

;dfg k|ltlglwTj x'g] s'/f ;'lglZrt u/]sf] 5 .

• g]kfn dlxnflj?2 x'g] ;a}vfn] e]befj lgd'{ng ug]{ dxf;lGw – l;8 -!(&(_, gful/s / /fhgLlts clwsf/ ;DalGw dxf;lGw -!(^^_ sf] kIf /fi6« xf] . l;8sf] wf/f & n] dlxnfx?nfO{ k'?if ;/x dtflwsf/, lgjf{rg n8\g] clwsf/, /fhgLlts ;+u7g vf]Ng] tyf ;d'xdf ;xefuL x'g] clwsf/, ;/sf/L tyf ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f ug]{ ;dfg clwsf/ k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . gful/s /fhgLlts clwsf/ ;DalGw dxf;lGw !(^^ n] dlxnf / k'?if b'a}nfO{ ;dfg ?kdf gful/s tyf /fhgLlts clwsf/sf] nfu' x'g] Aoa:yf u/]sf] 5 .

• ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3af6 kfl/t lbuf] ljsf; nIosf] nIo g+=%=% n] ;fj{hlgs, cfly{s tyf /fhgLlts lhjgsf ;a} txdf dlxnfsf] k'0f{ / k|efjsf/L ;xefuLtf tyf ;dfg g]t[Tj ;'glZrt ug]{ nIo lnPsf] 5 .

• g]kfnsf k|d'v /fhgLlts bnx?n] cfk\mgf] ;f+u7lgs k|0ffnL / ;+/rgf tyf /fHosf ;+/rgfx?df k|ltlglwTjsf] ;Gbe{df dlxnfsf] ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj / Go'gtd ## k|ltzt dlxnf ;xeflutfnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug]{ k|ltj2tf AoQm u/]sf 5g\ .

• dlxnf / k'?if b'a} /fi6«sf ;dfg x}l;otsf ;b:o gful/s x'g\ . nf]stGqsf lglDt b'a}n] ;dfg ;+3if{ u/]sf 5g\ . tt\sflng dfcf]afbL hgo'2, dw]; cfGbf]ng, hghftL clwsf/sf cfGbf]ngjf cGo gful/s xs, /fi6«Lotf / /fi6«Lo :jfledfgsf kIfdf ePsf cfGbf]ngx?df dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf k'?if ;/x /x]sf] 5 .

dlxnf k|ltlglwTj / lg0ff{os txdf ;xefuLtfsf] cj:yfhfu/0f g]kfnn] xfn} -@)&# cf;f]hdf_ u/]sf] cWoog ljZn]if0faf6 g]kfnsf] /fi6«k|d'v, Gofokflnsf tyf Aoa:yflksf ltg} kbsf k|d'vdf dlxnf ePsf] P]ltxfFl;s

cWoog

ljZn]if0f

g]kfn ;/sf/ tyf k|d'v /fhgLlts bnsf gLltx?df n}lËs ;dfgtf, ;fdflhs ;dfj]lzs/0f / To;sf]

sfof{Gjogsf] cj:yf M cWofog ljZNf]if0f

hfu/)f cleofg 5

cj:yfdf klg ;+j}wflgs lgof]u tyf lgsfox? Pj+ /fHosf /fhgLlts lgo'QmL x'g ;Sg] lgsfox?df klg @) k|ltzteGbf sd dlxnfsf] pkl:ytL kfOPsf] 5 . cWofogn] /fhgLlts bnx?sf] g]t[Tj txdf dlxnf ;xeflutf @) k|ltztaf6 dfly p7\g g;s]sf], sltko bndf !% k|ltzteGbf klg sd /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . dlxnf ;+u7g afx]ssf /fhgLlts bnsf eft[ ;+u7gx?dWo] s]xL ;+u7gx?df dlxnf g} k|d'v g]t[Tjdf /x] klg ;du|df eft[ ;+u7gsf] g]t[Tjdf !) b]lv !% k|ltzt dfq dlxnfx? g]t[Tj txdf /x]sf 5g\ .

sd{rf/LtGq tyf k|zf;g Aoj:yfsf] ;Gbe{df klg dlxnf ;xeflutf Go"g /x]sf] 5 . lghfdtL lstfavfgf -@)&#_ cg';f/ s'n lghfdtL sd{rf/LdWo] cf};t !( k|ltzt dfq dlxnf /x]sf 5g\ / /fhkq c+lst sd{rf/Lx?df of] ;+Vof ( k|ltzt /x]sf], k|yd / l4tLo >]0fLsf clws[t :t/sf sd{rf/Ldf eg] of] ;+Vof % k|ltzt eGbf klg sd /x]sf] 5 . g]kfn k|x/Lsf] ;+u7gdf dlxnfsf] ;+Vof ^ k|ltzt dfq b]lvG5 . /fHo ;+oGqx?, gful/s ;+u7g tyf dxf;+3x?df klg dlxnfsf] lg0f{fos txdf k|ltlglwTj sd /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 t/ ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf dxf;+3, vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ dxf;+3 h:tf ;fd'bflos ;+u7gsf dxf;+3x?df dlxnf ;xeflutf %) k|ltztsf] xf/fxfl/df kfOPsf] 5 eg] cGo ;+u7gx?df of] ;+Vof ## k|ltzt eGbf sd kfOPsf] 5 . s]xL ;+u7gx?df eg] !) b]lv !% k|ltzt dfq dlxnf ;xeflutf g]t[Tjdf kfOG5 .

cWoogn] k'jf{~rn / dWodf~rn If]qsf ^ lhNnfsf ^ j6f uflj; tyf ^ gu/kflnsfx?df b]vfPsf] glthf cg';f/ :yfgLo j8f gful/s d~rx?df ## b]lv %) k|ltzt ;Dd dlxnf ;xefuLtf /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . j8f gful/s d~rx?df %) k|ltzt, zx/L If]qdf eg] #* k|ltzt dfq /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

dlxnfsf] ;dfg ;xeflutf gx'g'sf sf/0f

• lje]bsf/L ;fdflhs, cfly{s, /fhgLlts Aoj:yfx? / sfg"gL ;+/rgfx? tyf dlxnfsf] /fi6«sf] ;fdflhs, ;fF:s[lts, cfly{s, z}lIfs ;jfnx?

• /fli6«o gLltut Aoa:yf, /fhgLlts bnx?sf] gLltut k|fjwfg, gLltut ;fdflhs tyf Aojxfl/s kIfx?

• gLlh / ;fjf{hlgs hLjgsf] ;DjGw

• ;fj{hlgs hgb[li6sf]0f / cfd ;+rf/sf] e"ldsf

• JolQmut k|ltj4 rfxgf / /fhgLlts Ifdtf

• /fHosf gLltx?

• /fhgLlts bnsf gLltx?

• ljs]Gb|Ls/0f / nf]stflGqs/0fsf] tx

cWoogn] /fli6«o /fhgLlts zf;g k|0ffnL ;dfg ;xeflutfsf] nflu k|d'v cfwf/ xf] . /fli6«o /fhgLlts zf;g k|0ffnLn] g} dlxnfsf] lg0ff{os txdf ;dfg ;xefuLtfsf] cj;/ ;'lglZrt ug{ ;Sb5 . k"0f{ nf]stflGqs / ljs]lGb|s/0fsf] cEof; kof{Kt x'g ;Sg] zf;g k|0ffnLdf dfq dlxnfsf] ;dfg ;xefuLtf ;'lglZrt x'g ;Sb5 . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] Joj:yf u/]sf] ;dfhafb k|ltj2 zf;g k|0ffnL g} dlxnf nufot k5fl8 kfl/Psf ;d'bfosf] k|ltlglwTj / ;dfg ;xeflutf ;xof]uL x'g;Sb5 . dlxnfsf] ;dfg ;xefuLtfsf] nflu gLltut / ;fdflhs kIfx? k|efjzfnL x'g] cWoogsf] lgisif{ 5 . gLltut ?kdf /fHosf gLltut Aoa:yfx?, /fhgLlts bnsf gLltut Aoa:yf, cEof; tyf ljs]Gb|Ls/0f / :yfgLo nf]stflGqs/0fsf] k|efjzfnL kIf x'g\ . To;}u/L ;fdflhs kIfdf dlxnfsf] lglh / ;fj{hlgs hLjgaLrsf] ;DaGw / cj:yf, dlxnf g]t[Tjk|ltsf] ;fj{hlgs hgb[li6sf]0f / cfd;~rf/sf] k|j4{gsf/L e"ldsf tyf :jo+ dlxnfsf] AolQmut k|ltj2 rfxgf / /fhgLlts ;Lk Ifdtf dxTjk"0f{ x'g] ub{5g\ .

g]kfndf dlxnfsf] ;dfg ;xefuLtfsf] nflu ;xof]uL kIfx?

/fHosf gLltx?• k}Q[s ;DkQL dfly ;dfg c+z xssf] Aoa:yf .

• dlxnf tyf aflnsflj?2 x'g] ;a} vfn] lx+;f, zf]if0f, b'Jo{jxf/sf] ;+j}wflgs / sfg'gL lgif]w .

• 3/]n' cy{tGqsf] ;Ddfg / /fli6«o klxrfg .

• lzIffdf x'g] n}+lËs lje]bsf] lgif]w .

• afnljjfx h:tf s'l/tLsf] sfg'gL lgif]w .

• ;dfg sfdsf nflu ;dfg Hofnf .

• ;dfg /fhgLlts gful/s :jtGqtfsf] ;+j}wflgs Aoa:yf .

• ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj tyf Go'gtd ## k|ltzt dlxnf ;xeflutfsf] ;+j}wflgs Aoa:yf .

• /fhgLlts bn tyf :yfgLo lgsfo lgjf{rg ;DalGw k|:tfljt ljw]osx?df ## b]lv $) k|ltzt dlxnf ;xefuLtf / g]t[Tj cj;/sf] ;dfg ljt/0fsf] Aoa:yf .

• ld>Lt lgjf{rg k|0ffnLsf] cEof; .

• k|zf;g ;+oGq tyf sd{rf/L Aoa:yfdf dlxnf nufot k5fl8 kfl/Psf ;d'bfosf nflu cf/IfLt l;6sf] Aoa:yf .

• cGt/f{li6«o dfgj clwsf/ dxf;lGwsf] kIfw/ / ;Ddfg tyf sfo{fGjog /fHosf] gLlt .

/fhgLlts bn tyf ;+u7gsf gLltx?

• /fhgLlts bnx?sf] dlxnf lx+;flj?2sf]

cWoog ljZn

]if0f

6 hfu/)f cleofg

cWoog

ljZn]if0f

k|ltj2tf / ;+:yfut gLlt .

• /fhgLlts bn tyf ;Fu7gx?df dlxnfsf] ## k|ltzt ;xefuLtf k|j4{g ug]{ ;+fu7lgs Aoa:yf .

• dxflwj]zg, ;Dd]ngx?df dlxnf ;xefuLtfsf nflu ljz]if ;x'lnotk"0f{ Aoa:yf .

• dlxnfsf] ;dfg ;xefuLtf k|j4{g ug{ eft[ ;+u7gx?df klg ;dfg'kflts ;xefuLtf k|j4{g ug]{ gLltut / ;fu7lgs Aoa:yf .

• dlxnfsf] ;dfg'kflts ;xefuLtf k|j4{gdf /fhgLlts k|ltj2tf .

• s]xL bnx?df dlxnfsf] ;dfg ;xefuLtf k|j4{g ug{sf nflu k|lzIf0f tyf dlxnf nlIft ;zlQms/0f sfo{qmd

dlxnfsf] ;dfg ;xeflutfsf] cj/f]wsx?

• dlxnfx?sf nflu lgjf{rg If]q tf]lsg] jf Ps lhNnf jf lglZrt lgjf{rg If]q a/fa/ Ps dlxnf k|ToIf lgjf{lrt x'g] cf/lIft lgjf{rg If]qsf] Aoa:yf /x]sf] 5}g .

• /fHosf ;a} txsf ljwfoLsLdf -;+3Lo ;+;b, k|b]z ;ef, ufpF ;ef tyf gu/ ;ef_ ## k|ltzt ;xefuLtf ;'lglZrt eP klg sfo{kflnsfdf of] Aoa:yf /x]sf] 5}g -;+3Lo sfo{kflnsf, k|b]z sfo{kflnsf tyf ufpF / gu/ sfo{kflnsf_ .

• /fi6«sf] k|d'v kb /fi6«ktL / pk/fi6«kltdf klg km/s ln+u jf ;d'bfo egL b'O{ dWo] Ps kbdf dlxnf g} lgjf{rLt x'g] s'/fnfO{ cNdNofOPsf] 5 .

• /fhgLlts bnsf ;a} tx / ;+oGqdf ## k|ltzt ;xefuLtf eP gePsf] ;'lglZrt ug]{ cg'udg ;+oGq / k|0ffnL /x]sf] kfOb}g .

• ;+;bLo ;+/rgfdf k|j]z kfP klg clwsf+z dlxnf ;b:ox?n] ;+;bdf ljrf/ /fVg] cj;/x? kfpFb}gg\ . k'?if ;ef;bsf] t'ngfdf of] cToGt} sd /x]sf] 5 . ;+;bLo sfo{ljlwn] klg dlxnfnfO{ ;dfg'kflts sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] cj;/ ;'lglZrt u/]sf] kfOb}g .

• /fhgLlts bnx?sf] lgoldt / lgjf{rg sfo{ ;Dkfbg / vr{sf] n}+lËs b[li6sf]0faf6 n]vfhf]vfjf cl86 ug]{ u/]sf] kfOb}g . o; ;DalGw clgjfo{ Aoa:yf ePsf] gLlt klg kfOb}g .

• lgjf{rg v]n s'zntfsf] If]q klg ePsf] x'Fbf dlxnfx?sf nflu lgjf{rg k|s[of, cleofg lgdf{0f / k|efjsf/L k|lt:kwf{ ;Lk ;DalGw k|lzIfLt ug]{ jf ;'dmfj ;Nnfx k|bfg ug]{ /fHo jf lglh If]qsf lgsfox? /x]sf 5}gg\ .

/fhgLlts bnsf gLltut / cEof;sf ;jfnx?

• /fhgLlts bnn] dlxnf ;xefuLtfsf] ljifon] lgtfGt ;fj{hlgs lhjgsf] kIfsf] ?kdf dfq lnPsf] kfOG5 . hasL dlxnf ;b:o, sfo{stf{ / g]t[Tjsf] AolQmut / kfl/jfl/s lhjgsf kIfx?n] pgLx?sf] sfo{;Dkfbg / g]t[Tjz}nLnfO{ klg k|efljt kfb{5 . /fhgLlts bn tyf ;u7gx?n] kfl/jfl/s kl/j]z / hLjgsf ;d:ofx?nfO{ klxrfg / ;Daf]wg u/]sf] kfOb}g .

• /fhgLlts bnx?n] dlxnf ;xefuLtf k|j4{g ug]{ /fhgLtLs tyf ;+u7lgs k|ltj2tf AoQm u/] klg cj/f]wsf ;jfnx? h:t} dft[Tj, k|hgg\ :jf:Yo, kfl/jfl/s e"ldsf, cfly{s ;fdflhs cj:yf / kx'Frsf ljifox?nfO{ klg ;Daf]wg u/]sf] kfOb}g .

• ## k|ltzt ;xefuLtf ;fd'lxs g]t[Tjsf] kIf agfP klg k|d'v g]t[Tj kbx?df dlxnfsf] ;xefuLtf ;'lglZrt u/]sf] kfOb}g .

• ;a} /fhgLlts bnx?df gofF o'jf dlxnf cfsif{0f, ;b:ox?sf] Ifdtf ljsf; tyf ;zlQms/0f / ;fj{hlgs klxrfg k|j4{gsf ljlzi6 dlxnfd'vL sfo{qmdx? nfu' ePsf] kfOb}g .

• cGt/kf6L{ dlxnf ;d"x / dlxnfsf] ;dfg ;xefuLtf k|j4{g ug]{ u};;x?lar /fhgLlts bnsf k|d'v g]t[Tj;Fu kof{Kt ;dGjo, ;dembf/L / ;xof]u gePsf] kfOG5 .

• /fhgLlts bnleqsf dlxnf g]t[Tjx?nfO{ clwsf+ztM ;~rf/ dfWodx?n] u}//fhgLlts ;Gbe{ / ljifox?df ljrf/ AoQm ug{ nufpg] ul/Psf] kfOG5 / /fhgLlts bnleq klg dlxnfnfO{ /fhgLlts ljifodf k'?if ;/x k|jQmfsf] ?kdf k|j4{g ug]{ gLlt /x]sf] kfOb}g .

• /fhgLlts bnsf dlxnf g]t[Tjx?nfO{ ;fj{hlgs / cfd hgtfdfem "ljz]if cj:yfsf ;xof]u k|fKt AolQm jf ;d"x" sf] ?kdf dfq lrlqt ug]{ u/]sf] kfOG5 . pgLx?sf] /fhgLlts ;Lk, Ifdtf / of]ubfgsf] rrf{ sd} x'g] ub{5 .

hfu/)f cleofg 7

cWoog ljZn

]if0f

lg0ff{os txdf dlxnfsf] ;dfg ;xeflutf k|j4{g ug{ cjnDag ul/g'kg]{ Aoa:yfx?

!= /fHok|0ffnLdf ul/g'kg]{ Aoa:yfx?• ljBdfg lgjf{rg k|0ffnL cGtu{t klxnf] x'g]

k|0ffnLaf6 lgjf{lrt x'g] dlxnf cf/IfLt lgjf{rg If]q tf]Sg] Aoa:yf ug]{ .

• ;+ljwfgdf pNn]v ePsf] /fi6«klt jf pk/fi6«ktL dWo] Ps kb dlxnf x'g] s'/f ;'gLZrLt x'g] u/L ;+ljwfgsf] eflifs ;+zf]wg ul/g'kg]{ .

• lgjf{rg k|s[of nufotsf ;Gbe{df /fhgLlt / lg0f{fos txdf dlxnfsf] ;dfg ;xefuLtfsf] cj:yf cg'udg ug{, c;n cEof; / cj/f]wx?nfO{ phfu/ ug{sf nflu ljZjljBfno jf lgjf{rg cfof]u cGtu{t lgoldt cg';Gwfgsf] Aoa:yf x'g'kg]{ .

• ahf/ cy{tGqsf lj;+utLx?sf] lgoGq0f / cfly{s tyf Aoj;flos d'nk|jfxsf] g]t[Tjdf dlxnf ;xefuLtf k|j4{g ug]{ gLltut Aoa:yf .

• ;+3Lo ;ef jf k|b]z ;efsf lgjf{lrt hgk|ltlgwLx?sf] pQ/bfloTj / e'ldsfnfO{ lgjf{rg If]qdf l;ldt ug]{ k|j[QLsf] cGTosf nflu /fi6«Lo jf k|b]z:t/Lo dtbftf pQ/bfloTj cg'udg / k|j4{g Aoa:yf .

• ;+3Lo, k|b]z / :yflgo sfo{kflnsf tyf ;efdf kbflwsf/Ldf dlxnfsf] ;dfg k|ltlglwTjsf] ;'lglZrttf .

• lglh If]q, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf, k|f1Ls ;d'bfo, 6]«8 o'lgog tyf ;fdflhs ljifout cfGbf]ng / ;+u7gx?df tyf pBf]u Aoj;fo Pj+ ;xsf/L cfGbf]ngdf dlxnfsf] g]t[TjbfoL e'ldsf :yflkt ug]{ gLltut / sfo{qmlds Aoa:yf .

• cgf}krfl/s >d If]q tyf k]zf / Aoj;flos k|lti7fgx?nfO{ cf}krfl/s sfg'gL bfo/fleq k|j]z u/fpg] / lg0f{fos txdf k|ltlglwTjsf] ;'lglZrttf ug]{ .

• /fhgLlts bn tyf g]t[Tjsf] sfo{;Dkfbg tyf cEof;x?sf af/]df kf/blz{tf, hjfkmb]lxtf / :j–cg'zf;gsf] Aoa:yf nfu' ug]{ .

• lgjf{rg cfof]u / o;sf :yfgLo sfof{nox? dfk{mt /fhgLlts bnsf ;a} txdf, eft[ :fu7g tyf ;d'xx?df dlxnf ;xeflutf ## k|ltzt /x]sf] ;'lglZrt ug]{ cg'udg, ph'/L / ;'g'jfOsf] Aoa:yf nfu' ug]{ .

• ljleGg txsf lgjf{lrt k|ltgLlw ;+nUg /xg] ;ef tyf a}7ssf] sfo{ljlwdf clgjfo{ ?kdf dlxnfsf] ## k|ltzt pkl:ytL, k|:t'tL /

kbflwsf/Ldf ;dfg'kflts ljt/0fsf] Aoa:yf ug]{ .

• /fhgLlts bnx?sf ;+;bLo bnsf] sfo{;ldltdf clgjfo{ ## k|ltzt dlxnf / ;dfg'kflts kbflwsf/Lsf] Aoa:yf nfu' ug]{ .

• ;+3Lo tyf k|b]z ;efdf ;ef k|s[of jf Aoa:yfdf dlxnf g]t[Tjsf] u'gf;]f tyf cK7\of/fx?sf] ;'g'jfO ug]{ ;j{bnLo ;+oGqsf] :yfkgf / ;~rfng ug]{ .

• lgjf{rgdf k|lt:kwf{ ug]{ /fi6«Lo bnsf dlxnf pDd]bjf/x?nfO{ /fi6«Lo 9's'6L / ;+oGqx?dfk{mt lglZrt k|f]T;fxg ;xfotf -cfly{s, k/fdz{, cleofg tyf k|rf/_ k|bfg ug]{ .

• /fhgLlts bn tyf ;+u7gx?df clgjfo{ ?kdf ;dfj]zL tyf n}+lËs gLlt / lgoldt n}+lËs n]vfhf]vfsf] Aoa:yf nfu' ug]{ .

• dlxnf g]t[Tjsf nflu tyf dlxnf d}qL lg0f{ok|s[of Pj+ /fhgLlts k|lt:kwf{sf nflu ;"rgf, ;Lk tyf k/fdz{ k|bfg ug]{ :yfoL ;+oGq

:yfkgf ug]{ .

@= /fhgLlts bn tyf ;+u7gx?n] cjnDag ug{ ;Sg] gLltx?

• /fhgLlts bnx?n] pgLx?sf] ;u7g tyf /fhgLlts cfGbf]ngdf / g]kfnsf] nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngdf dlxnfsf] of]ubfgsf af/]df P]ltxfFl;s b:tfj]h lgdf{0f tyf k|rf/ k|;f/ ug{ .

• /fhgLlts bn tyf ;u7gx?n] cfk\mgf dlxnf ;b:o tyf g]t[Tjsf] nflu ;sf/fTds / ;xof]uL kfl/jfl/s jftfj/0f ljsf; ug{ kl/jf/;Fu ;+nUg x'g] ultljlwx? ;~rfng ug]{ .

• cfk\mgf ;b:o tyf g]t[Tjdf /x]sf AolQmx?n] cfk\mgf] kl/jf/df /x]sf dlxnf ;b:ox?nfO{ /fhgLlts, tyf ;fdflhs ultljlwdf :j]lR5s ;s[o ;xeflutf hgfpg k|f]T;fxg tyf ;xof]u ug]{ gLlt nfu' ug]{ .

• /fhgLlts bnx?n] cfGtl/s ?kdf dlxnf lx+;f, bfOhf], afn ljjfx tyf lzIffdf n}+Ëls lje]b / dlxnf ;b:o jf g]tfsf] cl:dtf jf rl/qdf k|Zg p7fpg] xNnf km}nfpg] jf rrf{ gug]{ / o:tf cEof;sf] ph'/L / ;'g'jfO ug]{ ;+oGq ;lxtsf] gLlt lgdf{0f / nfu' ug]{ .

• /fhgLlts bnx?n] ljlzi6 ?kdf dlxnf nlIft k|lzIf0f, gj sfo{stf{ k|j]z tyf n}+lus d}qL cEof; ;DalGw k|lzIf0f / l;k ljsf;sf nflu ljlzi6 k|lzIf0f tyf cled'lvs/0f sfo{qmdx?

8 hfu/)f cleofg

cfof]hg ug{ :yfoL ;+oGqsf] u7g ug]{ Aoa:yf ug]{ .

• /fhgLlts bnx?df kbflwsf/Ldf dlxnf / k'?ifsf] ;dfg ;xefuLtf ;'lglZrt ug]{ / dlxnf g]t[Tjsf] ;fj{hlgs /fhgLlts klxrfg / k|lti7f k|j4{g ug]{ gLltx? nfu' ug]{ .

• /fhgLlts bnsf] cfly{s Aoa:yfkg -rGbf bftfx? ;Fusf] 5nkmn, ;xof]uLx? ;Fusf] e]63f6 tyf lgjf{rg / ;f+Uf7lgs vr{ ljt/0f / Aoa:yfkg_ df clgjfo{ dlxnf g]t[Tjsf] ;+nUgtfnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug]{ .

• cGt/kf6L{ dlxnf ;~hfn nufotsf /fhgLltdf dlxnf ;xefuLtf k|j4{g ug{ lqmoflzn u};;sf ;d'xx?;Fu lgoldt e]63f6 tyf cGtlqm{ofsf] Aoa:yf ug]{ .

• dlxnf pDd]bjf/ ePsf lgjf{rg If]qdf lgjf{rg cleofg tyf sfo{qmdx? n}+lus d}qL tyf k'?if g]t[Tj / sfo{stf{x?af6 kof{Kt ;xof]u k'u]sf] ;'lglZrt ug{ pRr:t/Lo g]t[Tjsf] ;+of]hgdf cg'udgsf] Aoa:yf ug]{ .

• /fhgLlts ;+u7gsf] lgoldt clwj]zg tyf ;Dd]ngx?df n}+lËs tyf ;dfj]zL n]vfhf]vf k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ / 5nkmn ug]{ gLlt nfu' ug]{ .

• /fhgLlts bnn] dhb'/ ;+u7g nufotsf eft[ ;+u7gx?nfO{ o'jf dlxnf sfo{stf{ k|j]z, k|lzIfLt / k|j4{g / cfsif{0f ug]{ d~rsf ?kdf kl/rfng ug{ ljljw dlxnfsf /fhgLlts ;jfn / ;/f]sf/x?df sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug]{ tyf ljifout ;/f]sf/x?nfO{ /fhgLlts ;jfnsf] ?kdf klxrfg / ;Daf]wg ug]{ .

lgZsif{

lg0ff{os txdf dlxnfsf] ;dfg ;xeflutf lagf g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] ck]Iff u/]sf] ;dfhafbL ;fdflhs /fhgLlts Aoj:yf tyf ;dtfd'ns ;fdflhs, cfly{s, k|utL xfF;Ln ug{ ;lsb}+g . lg0ff{os tx tyf /fhgLltdf dlxnfsf] ;dfg ;xefuLtfsf] ;jfn x7ft kl/jt{g x'g] ljifo xf]Og . tyflk /fli6o gLlt, lgod / cEof;x?n] lg0ff{os txdf dlxnfsf] ;dfg ;xefuLtfsf] ultnfO{ a9fpg / ;dod} ;dfg dlxnf ;xefuLtfsf] nIo k|fKt ug{ d2t k'Ub5 .

;+ljwfgsf] sfof{Gjog xfdL ;a}sf] klxnf] sfo{ef/ xf] . dlxnfsf] ;dfg ;xefuLtfsf] cEof;, ;+ljwfg sfof{Gjogsf] dxTjk'0f{ kIf xf] . To;}n] nf]stGqsf] ;'b[l9s/0f, gofF g]kfn lgdf{0f tyf ;dfhafbk|lt k|lta2 /xg /fHo k|0ffnL / /fhgLlts bnx?n] cfk\mgf] gLltut Aoa:yf / cEof;x?nfO{ dlxnfsf] ;dfg ;xeflutf k|j4{g ug]{ lbzftk{m ;'b[9 ug{ h?/L 5 .

;du|df eGg'kbf{ g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] ;'lglZrt u/]sf] dlxnfsf] ;dfg / ;dfg'kflts ;xefuLtf tyf Go'gtd ## k|ltzt k|ltlglwTj /fHo / ;d'bfosf ;a} If]q, lgsfo, ;+u7g tyf txx?df nfu' x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ;+ljwfgsf] k'0f{ sfof{Gjogsf] o; r/0fdf /fHosf ;a} tx / lgsfox?df dlxnfsf] ;dfg ;xefuLtf :yflkt ug{ k|oTg ug'{ xfdL ;a}sf] bfloTj xf] .

cWoog

ljZn]if0f

hfu/)f cleofg 9

cGt/jftf{

g]kfn dlxnf ;+37gsf] g]t[Tj ul//xg' ePsf] xfnsf] cj:yfdf oxfFsf] cfufdL lbgsf] of]hgf s] /x]sf] 5 <

nfdf] ;do ;Ddsf] /fhgLlts cg'ej ;+ufnL ;s]sf] gftfn] cfufdL lbgsf /fhgLlts of]hgf / To;sf] sfof{Gjogdf vf;} cndn ug'{kg]{ cj:yf 5}g . @)%* ;fndf g]kfn dlxnf ;+3sf] k|yd lgjf{rg af6 cWoIfsf] kbdf lgjf{lrt eO{ sfd ul/;s]sf] / clxn] t]>f] clwj]zgn] ;d]t cWoIfdf lgjf{lrg ul/;s]sf] cj:yf 5 . rf/ bzs eGbf a9L ;do /fhgLltdf ljtfO ;s]sf] 5' . Tolt a]nf b]lv ;bg / ;8sdf p7fpb} cfPsf dlxnfsf d'2fx? clxn] ;Dd klg k'/f ePsf 5}gg\ . To;nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbb} cfufdL lbgsf nflu kl/jlt{t of]hgfx? klg cufl8 ;f/]sL 5' . o:tf] cj:yfdf dlxnfsf] xs clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrt ub}{ cfufdL lbgsf nflu clwsf/ ;DkGg /0fgLltx?sf] tof/Ldf 5' .

s:tf] sfd af6 cfkm\gf] sfo{ k|f/De ub}{ x'g'x'G5 <

:yfgLo lgsfosf] lgjf{rg gePsf] w]/} eO;s]sf] 5 To;sf] nflu tof/L ub{5' . :yfgLo lgjf{rg cfpFb} 5 eg] @)&$ leq /fli6«o lgjf{rg u'g{kg]{ x'G5 To;sf] nflu sfd ug'{ 5 . To;sf] nflu ;aeGbf klxnf dlxnfx?nfO{ ;jn agfpg / g]t[Tj ljsf; ug{sf] nflu Ifdtf clej[l4 ;DjlGw k|lzIf0fsf] vfFrf] 5 . b]ze/L o; ;DaGwL cleofg ;+rfng ug]{ 5' . kf6L{ ;+/rgfdf dlxnfsf] slDtdf ## k|ltzt ;xeflutf ;d]t 5}g . o;sf] nflu cfkm\g} kf6L{df bjfj lbg]5' / c? kf6L{x?df klg sfof{Gjogsf] nflu k|];/ ug]{5' . clxn] b]vfz]vL ug]{ k|a[lQ 5 To;sf]nflu ;a} /fhgLlts bn / ltgsf eft[ tyf elugL ;+u7gx? ;lxt cGt/kf6L{ dlxnf ;+hfn ;+u ldn]/ x/]s kf6L{sf x/]s ;+/rgfx? ;+3;+37gx?, ufpF b]lv s]Gb|Lo tx ;Dd dlxnfsf] Go"gtd ## k|ltzt k|ltlglwTj ;'lglZrt ug{ ;lqmo /xg]5' .

cGt/jftf{

hfu/0f g]kfnn] lgoldlt ?kdf dlxnf ;dfgtf gfds /]l8of] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . sfo{qmdsf dfWodaf6 b]zsf ;Dk"0f{ gful/snfO{ dfgjclwsf/, dlxnf clwsf/, lgjf{rg ;'zf;g, dlxnfx?sf] Ifdtf clej[l4, g]t[Tj ljsf;, gLlt jsfnt dlxnfsf] /fhgLlts, ;fdflhs, cfly{s nufPtsf If]qx?df ;dfj]zL ;xeflutf clej[l4 ug{sf nflu jsfnt ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . log} cGt/jftf{x? dWo]af6 hNbfaNbf ljifox?nfO{ xfd|f kf7s tyf ;/f]sf/jfnf ;dIf n}hfg dxTjk"0f{ c+sx?nfO{ ;+:yfsf] lgoldt cw{jflif{s a'n]l6g hfu/0f cleofgdf ;dfj]z ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 . o;s} lg/Gt/tf :j?k lgDg cGtjftf{x? oxfF k|:t't ul/Psf 5g\\ .

g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] elugL ;+u7g g]kfn dlxnf ;+3sf] t]>f] dxflwj]zgaf6 lgjf{lrt cWoIf, lgat{dfg ;f+;b, g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] s]Gb|Lo ;b:o pdf /]UdL ;+u dlxnf ;xeflutf j[l4 ug{sf nflu dlxnf ;+3 ;+37gx? s;/L nflu /x]sf 5g\ / nfUg' kb{5 eGg] ljifodf cfwfl/t ;fd'bflos ;"rgf g]6js{ CIN df ædlxnf ;dfgtfÆ sfo{qmddf lnOPsf] cGtjftf{sf s]xL dxTjk"0f{ c+zx?

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g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] s]Gb|Lo / k|fb]lzs txdf ## k|ltzt dlxnf ;xeflutfsf] ;'lglZrt u/]sf] 5 eg]

:yfgLo txdf sf]6f Joj:yfsf dfWodaf6 $) k|ltzt k'/\ofpg] eg]sf] 5 To;df dlxnfsf] e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{ x'g] cj:yf 5}g . vfnL dlxnfnfO{ sf]6f k'/f ug{sf nflu ;b:o h:tf kbx?sf] Joj:yf u/L

;xeflutf u/fpg vf]lhPsf] b]lvG5 . /fHo, /fhgLlts bnx?sf] bl/b|tf / ;fdflhs lj;+ultsf] cGTo

ug{ ;zQm eP/ clwsf/ :yfkgfdf nfUg] 5' . ;+ljwfgn] Joj:Yff u/] cg'?ksf sfg'gx?sf] lgdf{0fsf

nflu lqmoflzn /xL x/]s bnsf g]t[TjnfO{ dlxnf d}qL sfg'g lgdff{0f u/L To;sf] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu

bjfj lbg d]/f] e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{ x'g]5 .

dlxnf d}qL sfg"gsf] lgdf{0f / sfof{Gjogdf oxfFsf] e"ldsf s:tf] x'g]5 <

g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] s]Gb|Lo / k|fb]lzs txdf ## k|ltzt dlxnf ;xeflutfsf] ;'lglZrt u/]sf] 5 eg] :yfgLo txdf sf]6f Joj:yfsf dfWodaf6 $) k|ltzt k'/\ofpg] eg]sf] 5 To;df dlxnfsf] e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{ /xg] cj:yf 5}g . vfnL dlxnfnfO{ sf]6f k'/f ug{sf nflu ;b:o h:tf kbx?sf] Joj:yf u/L ;xeflutf u/fpg vf]lhPsf] b]lvG5 . /fHo, /fhgLlts bnx?sf] bl/b|tf / ;fdflhs lj;+ultsf] cGTo ug{ ;zQm eP/ clwsf/ :yfkgfdf nfUg] 5' . ;+ljwfgn] Joj:Yff u/] cg'?ksf sfg'gx?sf] lgdf{0fsf nflu lqmoflzn /xL x/]s bnsf g]t[TjnfO{ dlxnf d}qL sfg'g lgdff{0f u/L To;sf] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu bjfj lbg d]/f] e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{ x'g]5 .

;Dk"0f{ hg;+Vofsf] %! k|ltzt dlxnfsf] nflu cfkm\gf] n}lËs / k|fs[lts b[li6sf]0fn] dfq km/s /x]klg lsg ;dfg clwsf/ lbOb}g . nflu s'/f p7fOG5 t/ To;sf] sfof{Gjog x'b}g . To;sf] ;'lglZrttfsf] nflu ;8s / bnleq cfjfh p7fO dlxnfx?nfO{ k'?if ;/x clwsf/ :yfkgfsf] nflu ;zQm e"ldsf v]Ng]5' . clxn]s} h:tf] cj:yf sfod eO/x]df ef]nLsf dlxnfx? /fhgLltaf6 lg/fz x'g] cj:yf cfpg] 5 . To;f] x'g glbgsf] nflu / ;dtf d'ns ;dfh lgdf{0fsf] nflu ;sf/fTds cleofg ;+rfng ug]{5' . ljleGg u'7 pku7 eP/ cfO/x]sf] cj:yfdf dlxnfsf d'2fx?nfO{ Ps agfP/ cufl8 n}hfg ;lqmo /xg]5' eg] k'/ftg÷k'?ifafbL ;f]raf6 cfqmfGt dlxnfx?nfO{ ;fdflhs, /fhgLlts, cfly{s tyf dfgl;s kl/jt{gsf nflu cleofg ;+rfng ug]{5' . /fhgLlts, ;fdflhs lx+;fsf] lzsf/ ePsf dlxnfx?sf] clwsf/ :yfkgfsf nflu k|ltikwf{Tds e"ldsfsf] vf]hL ug]{ d]/f] e"ldsf /xg] 5 . cfkm\gf] / cGo kf6L{x?sf dlxnfx?nfO{ Ps h'6 agfP/ sfd ug]{ 5' .

dlxnf d}qL ;+ljwfg sfof{Gjog ug{sf nflu oxfFn] tL s'/fnfO{ s;/L p7fpg' x'g]5 < xfd|f cufl8 w]/} r'gf}tLx? 5g\ . ;+ljwfg / sfg'g dlxnfsf] kIfdf to u/]klg Tof] ;zlQms/0f x'Fb}g, cfdfsf] gfdaf6 gful/stf lbg] sfg'g ag]sf] 5 t/ slx lhNnf ljsf; clws[tx? gful/stf lbg tof/ 5}gg\ . To;nfO{ sfof{Gjogsf] kIfdf n}hfg uf/\xf] 5 tfklg k|fGt / s]Gb|df ## k|ltztsf] Joj:yf 5 . :yfgLo txdf klg ;xeflutfsf nflu gLlt agfpg' kb{5 . gLlt lgdf{0f / sfof{Gjogsf] bfoLTj xfdL ;+u 5 . To;sf] nflu gLlt agfpg / sfof{Gjog ug'{ cfjfh p7fg ug]{5' . ;dfg ?kdf wtL{df hlGdPsf dflg; Pp6f dflns / csf]{ bfz x'g] k|a[lQsf] cTosf nflu xfd|f cufl8 r'gf}tL 5g\ . x/]s If]qdf dlxnf dfly lje]b 5 . To;sf] cGTo ug{ /fHosf ;a} zlQmnfO{ 3R3Rofpg] 5' . /fHosf k|d'v tLg txdf dlxnf x'g' uf}/asf] s'/f xf] t/ @÷$ hgf k|d'v txdf k'Ub}df ;a} dlxnfsf] g]t[Tj ljsf; / ;zlQms/0f ePsf] 5}g . ;a} dlxnf clwsf/ ;DkGg ePsf 5}gg\ . ha ;Dd :yfgLo txaf6} dlxnfsf] ;zlQms/0fsf]nflu sfd x'b}g ta ;Dd of] ;kmn x'b}g To;}n] ;a} dlxnfnfO{ Psh'6 agfO{ ;Dk"0f{ dlxnfsf] ;zlQms/0fsf] nflu nfUg cfx\jfg ub{5' . ;a} gLltsf] dfp gLlt /fhgLlt ePsf] sf/0f ;a} ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfgsf] nflu /fhgLltdf nfUg' kg]{ cfjZostf 5 . gofF lk9LnfO{ cfsif{0f ug]{ :yfg agfpg' kb{5 . gqeg] /fhgLlt k'?ifsf] dfq v]n x'g] / dlxnfnfO{ kfvf kfg]{ cj:yf cfpg] 5 To;sf] cGTosf nflu ;a}nfO{ clwsf/ ;DkGg u/fpg] bfOTj cfPsf] 5 Tof] bfloTj k'/f ug{ /fhgLlts bnsf elugL ;+u7g tyf cGt/kf6L{ dlxnf ;+hfn / ljz]if u/L d cfkm\gf] / cGo bn ;+u ;dGjo u/L cufl8 a9\g] 5' . ;+;bdf /x]sf / cGo /fhgLlts sdL{ dlxnfx?, dlxnf cfof]u, dlxnfsf If]qdf sfo{/t ;+3 ;+:yfx? ;+u 5nkmn ub{5' . ;a} dlxnfx? ;+usf] 5nkmnsf] cfwf/df dlxnf d}qL sfg'g lgdf{0fsf] nflu cufl8 a9\g]5' .

cGt/jftf{

hfu/)f cleofg 11

g]kfndf dfgjclwsf/sf cGt/j:t'nfO{ ;+j}wflgs ;+/If0f lbg] k/Dk/f @))& ;fn b]lvg} cufl8 j9]sf] xf] . t/klg @)$& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfg jxfn /xFbf;Dd d'ntM gful/s tyf /fhgLlts clwsf/nfO{ dfq} df}lns xssf] dfGotf lbO{Psf] lyof] . cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;+f:s[lts clwsf/ /fHosf] lgb]{zs l;4fGtsf] ?kdf dfq} l;ldt lyP . @)$& ;fnsf] /fhgLlts kl/jt{g kZrft klg ;dfhdf nfdf] ;do b]lv ljBdfg /x]sf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs c;dfgtfsf] l:yltdf vf;} ;'wf/ cfpg ;s]g . kl/0ffdtM e]befj, jlxZs/0f / cfly{s ;fdflhs clwsf/jf6 jl~rltn]z;:q åGåsf] sf/stTjsf] ?kdf e'ldsf v]n] . cfly{s, ;fdlhs c;dfgtfnfO{ ;Daf]wg gubf{;Dd lbuf] zflGt ;'lglZrt x'g g;Sg] tYonfO{ cfTd;ft ub}{ cGtl/d ;+ljwfgdfcfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/sf w]/}h;f] cGt j:t'nfO{ df}lns xssf] dfGotf lbO{of] . ;+ljwfg ;ef4f/f lgld{t g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg -@)&@_ n] cGtl/d ;+ljwfgcGtu{t ;+/lIft cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/nfO{ cem} ;'b[9 tyf km/flsnf] kf¥of] .

hDdf #! Jf6f wf/fdf ;';lHht df}lns xssf Joj:yfnfO{ lgofNbf g]kfn kIf ePsf dfgjclwsf/ ;lGw;Demf}tfx?n] ;d]]6]sf w]/}h;f] cfly{s, ;fdlfhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/sf cjojnfO{ ;d]l6Psf] kfO{G5 . vf;u/L, ;Ddfghgs ?kdf jfFRg kfpg] clwsf/, ;dfgtf tyf clje]bsf] clwsf/, vfB c;'/Iffjf6 ;+/If0fsf] clwsf/, vfB ;Dk|e'tfsf] clwsf/, cfjfzdf kx'Frsf] clwsf/, :jf:Yo ;]jfdf kx'Frsf] clwsf/, /f]huf/Lsf] clwsf/, ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] clwsf/ tyf ;fdflhs ;+/If0fsf] clwsf/ dxTjk"0f{ 5g . dlxnf, jfnjflnsf, blnt, h]i7gful/s nufotsf ljz]if ju{ tyf ;d'bfosf cfly{s, ;fdflhs clwsf/sf] ;+/If0fsfnflu klg ;+ljwfgn] ljz]if Wofg lbPsf] b]lvG5 . pbfx/0fsf] ?kdf e"ldlxg blnt kl/jf/nfO{ Psk6sfnflu e"ld pknJw u/fpg] Joj:yf pNn]vlgo 5 .

hxfF;Dd df}lns xssf k|Tofe"ltx?sf] pNn+3g ePdf pkrf/sf] ;jfn 5, pn+3glj?4 ;+j}Wfflgs pkrf/ lbnfpg ;jf]{Rr cbfntnfO{ z;lQms[t kfl/Psf] 5 . Goflos k'g/fjnf]sg / ;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf] ljjfb;lxtsf] l/6 Ifqflwsf/dfkm{t df}lns

/fh'k|;fb rfkfufO{

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xssf] Goflos ;+/If0f / k|j4{gsfnflu ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] /fHosf ;j} lgsfonfO{ hjfkmb]lx jgfpg ;Sb5 . To;}u/L k|To]s k|b]zdf /xg] pRr cbfntnfO{ klg df}lns xssf] pNn+3glj?4 l/6 pkrf/ k|bfg ug{ ;Sg] ul/ Goflos zlQm4f/f ;';lHht kfl/Psf] 5 . ;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf] ljjfbnfO{ k|fb]lzs tx;Dd ljs]lGb|s[t ul/Psf] 5 . ;+ljwfg;+u jflemPsf] sfg'gnfO{ cdfGo 3f]lift ug]{ clwsf/ jfx]s ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] kfP ;/xsf] l/6 Ifqflwsf/ pRr cbfntnfO{ 5 . Tolt dfq} xf]O{g dfgjclwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / k|j4{gsfnflu /fHosf lgsfonfO{ hjfkmb]xL jgfpg] sfof{b]z ;lxt /fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]usf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . ljleGg ju{ tyf ;d'bfosf] xslxtsf] /Iffsf nflu /fli6«o dlxnf cfof]u, /fli6«o blnt cfof]u, ;dfj]zL cfof]u, hghflt cfof]u, dw]zL cfof]u, d'l:nd cfof]u, yf? cfof]u h:tf cfof]ux?sf] klg Joj:yf ;+ljwfgdf ul/Psf] 5 . dfgjclwsf/ cfof]u, /fli6«o dlxnf cfof]u / /fli6«o blnt cfof]u k"j{jt ?kdf lqmoflzn 5g eg] cGo cfof]ux?sf] u7g tyf ;+~rfngsfnflu cfjZos sfg'gx? lgdf{0fsf] qmddf 5g . \ljut b]lvsf] k/Dk/fnfO{ sfod /fVb} ljBdfg ;+ljwfgn] /fHosf bfloTj, lgb{]zs l;4fGt tyf gLltx?sf] cnUu} Joj:yf klg u/]sf] 5 . lgb]{zs l;4fGt tyf gLltcGtu{tsf Wf]/} h;f] Joj:yfx? cfly{s, ;fdflhs clwsf/ Jojxfl/s sfof{Gjogsf] ;Gbe{Dff dxTj /fVg] vfnsf 5g . df}lns xs cGtu{tsf k|Tofe"ltnfO{ jn k'¥ofpg] tyf kl/k"/ssf] ?kdf sltkosf] e"ldsf /xg ;S5 . s[lif / e"ld;'wf/ ;DaGwL gLlt, k|fs[lts ;|f]t;fwgsf] ;+/If0f, ;Da4{Gf / pkof]u ;DaGwL gLlt, gful/ssf cfwf/e"t cfjZostf ;DaGwL gLlt tyf ;fdflhs Gofo Pj+ ;dfj]zLs/0f ;DaGwL gLltcGtu{tsf Joj:yfx? ljz]if dxTjsf 5g . ;fy} ;+ljwfgn] g]kfn kIf ePsf dfgjclwsf/ ;lGw;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ /fHosf] ;+j}wflgs lhDd]jf/LnfO{ lglb{i6 u/]sf] 5 . clxn] ;+ljwfg nfu' ePsf] !% dlxgf Joltt e};s]sf] 5 . o; cjlwdf df}lns xssf] sfof{Gogsf] jftfj/0f tof/ ug{ s]xL k|of; gePsf xf]O{gg . @)&#÷&$sf] jh]6df ;fdflhs ;'/Iff / ;+/If0fsf ljifonfO{ df}lnsxssf] k|sfzdf s]xL xb;Dd k|fyldstf lbPsf] b]lvG5 . s]xL ljBdfg sfg'gx?-h:t} lzIff P]g, e"ld;DalGw P]g_df ;+zf]wg ul/Psf] 5 . s]xL gofF dxTjk"0f{

12 hfu/)f cleofg

sfg'gx? -h:t} ;fdflhs ;'/Iff sfg'g, vfB clwsf/ sfg'g, e" pkof]u sfg'g cflb_ th'{df tyf lgdf{0fsf] r/0fdf /x]sf 5g . sltko sfg'gx?sf] ;+zf]wg tyf kl/dfh{g ;/sf/sf] k|fyldstfdf k/]sf] 5 . tyfkL cfly{s ;fdflhs clwsf/sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog eg] r'gf}ltk"0f{ g} /x]sf] 5 . lje]b tyf jlxZs/0fdf k/]sf ju{ tyf ;d'bfosf hgtfn] cfly{s ;fdflhs clwsf/sf] cy{k"0f{ pkef]usf] clj/fd kvf{O{ slxn];Dd nlDag] xf] 7]ufg 5}Gf . sfof{Gjogsf ;Gbe{df gful/s ;dfhnufotsf ;DalGwt sfof{Gjogsf ;Gbe{df gful/s ;dfhnufotsf

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cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/nfO{ df}lns xssf] bhf{ lbO{Psf] ePklg o;sf] Gofoof]Uotf tyf sfof{Gjog of]Uotfsf] jf/]df cem} klg e|dx? 5g . gful/s tyf /fhg}lts clwsf/ eGbf k[ys 9+ujf6 x]g]{ k|rng sfod} 5 . of] ;f]+rdf kl/jt{g gx'Fbf;Dd,tyf ;j} dfgjc;wsf/ cGt/;DalGwt tyf cGt/lge{/ 5g / Pp6fnfO{ lt/:sf/ u/]/ csf]{sf] k|a4{g x'g ;Sb}g eGg] j'emfO{sf] ljsf; gx'Fbf;Dd ;+ljwfgsf k|Tofe"ltx? s]jn sfuhdf v'lDrg];Defjgf /lxg} /xG5 .

Goflos JofVof tyf lg?k0fM

;+ljwfgdf sltko Joj:yfx? ;d:ofu|:t 5g . h:t} cfjf;;DaGwL xscGtu{t hjh{l:t lj:yfkglj?4sf] clwsf/ cfkm\gf] :jfldTjsf] cfjf;df j:g]nfO{ dfq} kTofe"t 5 . ;DklQsf] xscGtu{t ;d'bfosf] ;fd'lxs :jfldTjsf] xssf] k|Tofe"ltsf] k|jGw 5}g . To:Tff Joj:yfx?nfO{ df}lns xssf] cGo k|fjwfg tyf cGt/fli6«o sfg'gL bfloTjsf] k|sfzdf JofVof u/]/ kl/dfh{Gf tyf ;[b[l9s/0f ub}{ hfg h?/L b]lvG5 .

qmlds kl/k"lt{ tyf k|ultlzn sfof{GjogM

cfly{s ;fdflhs clwsf/sf s]xL cjojx? tTsfn k|rngof]Uo x'g] ePklg w]/}h;f] qmlds?kdf sfof{Gjogdf nfg' kg]{ x'G5 . qmlds kl/k"lt{sf] bfloTjsf] /fHon] kfngf u/] gu/]sf] v'6\ofpgsfnflu cfly{s, ;fdflhs clwsf/sf ;'rsf+sx?nfO{ /fHon] dfGotf lbg h?/L 5 . ltg}sf] cfwf/df /fHon] qmlds kl/k"lt{sf] bfloTj k'/fug{ cfjZos sfd u/] gu/]sf] d'Nof+sg tyf cg'udg ug{ ;lsG5 . clxn];Dd /fHosf tkm{jf6 To:tf ;'rsf+s ljsf; ug]{ tyf dfGotf lbg] sfd x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . :yflgo b]lv s]lGb|o tx;Dd jh]6 tyf of]hgf th'df ubf{ clwsf/d}qL 9+ujf6 ug]{ kl/kfl6 klg ljsf; ePsf] 5}g . ;fy} jh]6 tyf sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogsf] lgoldt tyf ljZjl:go cg'udg

tyf d'Nof+sg ug]{ kl/kf6L 5}g . ;|f]t;fwgsf] b'?kof]u tyf e|i6frf/n] klg cfly{s ;fdflhs clwsf/sf] sfof{Gjogdf cj/f]w ;[hgf x'g] u/]sf] 5 .

/fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ ;+:yfsf] k|efjsf/L e'ldsfM

cfly{s, ;fdflhs clwsf/sf] sfof{Gjogdf /fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ ;+:yfsf] e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{ /xG5 . t/ o:tf ;+:yf leq cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs clwsf/ cem} klg d'nk|jflxs[t x'g jfFsL 5 . cfly{s ;fdflhs clwsf/sf] pNn+3gsf] k|s[lt / :jefj cg'?k :j;s[o 5fgljg / cg';Gwfg cfjZos kg]{ ePtf klg To;tkm{ Wofg hfg ;s]sf] 5}g . ;fy} /fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]u nufotsf ;+:yfx?df cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/ pNn+3gsf 36gfsf] cg'udg, 5fgljg tyf clen]vg ug]{ cfGtl/s If]dtfdf klg Go"gtf /x]sf] b]lvG5 .

;++;lbo lgu/fgLM

Wff/f %# tyf %$ cGTfu{t /fHosf lgb]{zs l;4fGt tyf bflotjsf] sfof{Gjogsf] ;Gbe{df ;+;lbo lgu|flgsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . h;sf] pkof]u u/]/ ;+;bn] klg cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/ sfof{Gjogsf] ;Gbe{df cfjZos ;'wf/sfnflu kxn ug{ ;Sg] b]lvG5 . ;+ljwfgn] g} /fHosf lgb]{zs l;4fGTfx?sf] sfof{Gjog cj:yfsf] cg'udg ug{ ;+;lbo cg'udg ;ldltsf] dxTjk"0f{ Joj:yf u/]sf] ePklg o;sf] lqmoflzntf b]lvPsf] 5}Gf . ;fy} ljutdf ;+;lbo ;ldltn] lbPsf k|ltj]bg tyf ;'emfjx? jdf]lhd sfd eP gePsf] cg'udg ug]{ kl/kfl6 klg b]lv+b}g .

sfof{Gjogsf/L sfg'g lgdf{0fM

;+ljwfgsf] wf/f $& cGtu{t df}lns xs sfo{Gjogsfnflu cfjZos kg]{ sfg'g lgdf{0f tLg jif{ leq ul/;Sg' kg]{ ;+j}wflgs bfloTj /x]sf] 5 . o; ;Gbe{df s]xL sfg'gx?nfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fvL ljw]os th'{dfsf] sfdnfO{ cufl8 j9fO{Psf] 5 . sltko sfg'gx? ;+zf]wgsf] qmddf 5g . t/ lt sfg'gx? slt clwsf/d'lv tyf Gofo of]UotfnfO{ cfTd;fy u/]/ aGnfg eGg uf¥xf] 5 . ckjfb jfx]s ljw]os th'{dfnfO{ la/n} kf/bzL{ tyf k/fdz{o'Qm jgfpg] ul/Psf] 5 . h;n]ubf{ sfg'gsf] kof{Kt hgljZjf; tyf ;fdflhs j}wtf k|fKTf ug]{ l:ylt gjGg] tyf sfof{Gjogdf klg r':ttf cfpg g;Sg] ca:Yff jGg] b]lvG5 .

ljBdfg sfg'gsf] sfof{GjogM

gofF sfg'g gaGbf;Dd cfly{s ;fdflhs clwsf/ pkef]uof]Uo aGb}gg eGg] xf]O{g . sltko cfly{s ;fdflhs clwsf/nfO{ k|efj lbg] k|fjwfgx? g]kfnsf] sfg'g k|0ffnLdf ;+o"Qm /fi6«;+3sf] cfly{s, ;fdlfhs tyf ;f+:s[ts

ljifo

lj1

sf] ljrf/ ljZn]if0f

hfu/)f cleofg 13

clwsf/;DalGw cle;lGw, !(^^ hf/L x'g'eGbf cuf8L b]lv g} cl:tTjdf 5g . To:tf sfg'gL k|fjwfgx?sf] sfof{Gjog lgl/x jGf]sf] b]lvG5 . j];xf/f tyf kl/ToQm JolQmnfO{ e/0fkf]if0fsf] Joj:yf /fHon] ug'{ kg]{ u/L d'n'sL P]gsf] ul/j s+ufnsf] dxndf @)@) ;fn b]lv ul/Psf] Joj:yfnfO{ sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg xfn} dfq} ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] h'/L–g]kfn lj= g]kfn ;/sf/ -km};nf ldltM@)&# Ho]i7 @^_sf] d'4fdf k/dfb]z hf/L ug'{ k/]sf] 36gfn] klg ;fdflhs Gofo;DaGwL sfg'g sfof{Gjogsf] ;d:of s'g xb;Dd 5 eGg] phfu/ ub{5 .

/fli6«o :jfjnDjg tyf cfTdlge{/tfM

cTofjZos j:t'x?df /fli6«o cfTdlge{tfsf] k|flKtsf nflu sf]lz; gug]{ xf] eg] cfly{s ;fdlhs clwsf/nfO{ hlt;'s} df}lns xssf] ?kdf ;HhfPklg lt clwsf/x? lg/y{s jGg hfG5g eGg] lzIff ef/lto gfsfjlGbn] lbPsf] 5 . To;jf6 kf7 l;s]/ /fHosf sfg'g, gLlt tyf Jojxf/df cfjZos ;dfof]hg / kl/dfh{g ub}{ /fli6«o :jfjnDjg tyf cfTdlge{/tfsf] hudf g]kfnL cy{tGqnfO{ dhj't kfg]{tkm{ cem} klg Wofg hfg ;s]sf] b]lv+b}g .

;+3Los/0fsf] k|s[ofM

l;+xb/jf/jf6 pTklQ x'g] gLlt, sfg'g / sfo{qmdsf] cfwf/df dfq} cfly{s, ;fdlfhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/sf] Jojxfl/s sfof{Gjog ;Dej 5}g . :yflgo, k|fb]lzs tyf s]lGb|o ltg} txsf] lqmoflzntfn] dfq} sfof{GjognfO{ k|efjsfl/tf lbg ;lsg] cj:yf aGb5 . t;y{ ;+3Lotf;DalGw /fhgLlts ljjfbnfO{ l56f] ;dfwfg u/]/ ;+3Los/0fsf] k|s[ofnfO{ ltj|tf lbg h?/L b]lvG5 . ;+3Los/0fsf] k|s[of ;xh / ;/n gaGg] xf] / of] cgfjZos ?kdf nlDab}+ hfg] xf] eg] cfly{s ;fdflhs clwsf/sf] jl~rltjf6 hgtfn] /fxt kfpg] ca:yf gcfpg] / cGttM ;+3Lo Joj:yf k|lt g} ljt[i0ff k}bf x'g] ;Defjgf /xg] b]lvG5 .

:yflgo lgsfosf] jxfnL

ljut nfdf] ;do b]lv :yflgo txdf nf]stflGqs z'Gotf sfod 5 . h;sf] sf/0fn] cfly{s ;fdflhs clwsf/sf] sfof{Gjogdf 7'nf] cj/f]w ;[hgf ePsf] b]lvG5 . o:tf] nf]stflGqs z'GotfnfO{ oyfl;3| ;Daf]wg gug]{ xf] eg] hgtfsf] k|ToIf ;/f]sf/sf cfly{s, ;fdflhs xsclwsf/x?sf] sfof{Gjogn] ult lng ;Sg] b]lv+b}g .

cGTodf, lbuf] zflGtsf] cfwf/g} cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/ ePsf sf/0fn] lo clwsf/x?sf] Jojxfl/s pkef]usf] jftfj/0f ;[hgf ug]{ s'/fnfO{ /fHon] pRr k|fyldstfsf] ljifo jgfpg h?/L 5 . e}/x]sf sfg'g sfof{Gjogdf Nofpgsfnflu tbf?stf;fy cfjZos k|jGw ldnfpg] tyf ;+j}wflgs k|Tofe"ltx?sf] sfof{Gjogdf b]lvPsf] sfg'gL l/QmtfnfO{ oyfl;3| ;Daf]wg ug]{ s'/fdf h'6g l9nfO{ ug'{ x'Fb}g . To;}u/L cfly{s, ;fdlfhs clwsf/sf] Gofoof]Uotf jf/]sf e|dx? lrb}{ cfly{s, ;fdflhs clwsf/sf] pNn+3glj?4 hgtf tyf ;d'bfon] g} hjfkmb]lxtf vf]Hg] kl/kfl6sf] ljsf; klg TolQsf} h?/L 5 . dfly pNn]v ul/Psf r'gf}ltx?nfO{ oyf]lrt ?kdf ;Daf]wg ug{ r'Sb} hfg] xf] ;dfhdf gofF 4G4 tyf cfGbf]ngnfO{ dnhn ldNb} hfg]5 . lbuf] zflGt / ;Dj[l4 g]kfnL hgtfsfnflu cfsfzsf] kmn aGg] 5 . ;+j}wflgs Joj:Yff k|ltg} hgtfsf] ljt[i0ff pTkGg e}| j}wtfsf] ;+s6 ulxl/g] 5 . t;y{ ;+ljwfg k|lt hgtfsf] ckgTj j9fO{ nf]stGqsf] :yfloTj tyf lbuf] zflGtsf] dfu{ k|z:t ug{ cfly{s, ;fdlhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/sf] sfof{Gjogdf /fHosf s]lGb|o, k|fb]lzs tyf :yflgo txsf ;/sf/, gful/s ;dfh Pj+ ljsf; ;fem]bf/sf] O{dfGbf/ k|of;df s'g} sGh':ofO{ gxf]; Û

ljifo lj1sf] ljr

f/ ljZn]if0f

14 hfu/)f cleofg

gofF ;+ljwfgdf dlxnfx?sf] gful/s / /fhlgtLs clwsf/ tyf sfof{Gjogsf] r'gf}tLx?

jt{dfg ;+ljwfgdf l;dfGts[t ju{ tyf dlxnfsf] nflu ul/Psf gful/s clwsf/ ;DalGw Joj:yfx?Mlj=;++ @)&@ df hf/L ePsf] g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] k|:tfjgfdf ;a} k|sf/sf lje]b / pTkL8gsf] cGTo, juL{o, hftLo, If]qLo, eflifs, wfld{s, n}+lus lje]b / ;a} k|sf/sf hftLo 5'jf5"tsf] cGTo u/L cfly{s ;dfgtf, ;d[l4 / ;fdflhs Gofo ;'lglZrt ug{ ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL / ;xeflutfd"ns l;4fGtsf cfwf/df ;dtfd"ns ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

;+ljwfgsf] ljif]ztfx? x]bf{ g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf / /fhsLo ;Qf hgtfdf lgxLt, ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf cfwf/df ;dtfd'ns ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f, /fhtg|sf cGTo, wd{ lg/k]Iftf,;dfhjfb pGd'v /fHosf] x'g] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . of] ;+ljwfg nlrnf] k|sf/sf] 5 . ;+ljwfg kl/jt{g ug{'kg]{ cj:yf cfPdf ;+;bsf] b'O{ ltxfO ax'dtaf6 ;+ljwfg kl/dfh{g ug{ ;lsG5 . n}lËs lje]b cGTo ul/ b08gLo agfO{Ps]f 5 . gful/stfdf afa' jf cfdfsf] gfdaf6 gful/stf lbg] k|fjwfg ul/Psf] 5, n}+lus ;dfgtf sfod ug]{ k|of; ul/Ptfklg ;zt{ ePsf]n] k"0f{ ?kn] dlxnfnfO{ Gofo ug{ eg] ;s]sf] 5}g . ;DklQdf ;dfg clwsf/, ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL ;xeflutf, /fhgLlts ;xeflutf d'ne"t ?kdf Joj:yf ul/Psf]] 5 . dlxnf cfof]unfO{ ;+a}wfls cfof]u agfO{Psf] / dw];L, yf?, d'l:nd, cflbjf;L hghfltsf nflu 5'6'65'6} cfof]u agfOg] k|fjwfg 5 . df}lns xs;DaGwL Joj:yf M

o; ;+ljwfgdf wf/f !^ b]lv $^ ;Dd #! j6f df}lns xssf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . lo Joj:yfx?df ;Ddfg k"j{s afFRg kfpg] xs, :jtGqtfsf] xs, ;dfgtfsf] xs, sfg'gsf] ;dfg ;+/If0fsf] xs, wd{, ln+u, a}jflxs l:ylt, uef{j:yfsf] cfwf/df lje]b ug{ gx'g], ;sf/fTds lje]bsf] Joj:yf, ;dfg sfdsf nflu kl/>lds tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iffdf ;dfgtf, k}t[s ;DklQdf ;dfgtf, 5'jf5't tyf e]befj la?4sf] xs, / e]befj hGo sfo{ sfg"g adf]lhd b08gLo x'g], lk8Ltn] Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5, ;DkQLsf] xs, uf]klgotfsf] xs, zf]if0f la?4sf] xs, :jR5 jftfj/0fsf] xs, lzIff, :jf:Yo ;DalGw xs h:tf df}lns xsx?sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . dlxnf tyf l;dfGts[t ju{nfO{ ;sf/fTds lje]bsf] dfWofdaf6 /fHon] ljz]if Joj:yf ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . ;+rf/ dfWofddf hftLo 5'jf5"t Pj+ n}+lus e]befjnfO{ b'?T;fxg ug]{ sfo{df dgfl;a k|ltaGw nufpg] ul/ P]g agfpg ;lsg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . ;a} gful/snfO{ lghL cfo cfh{g tyf ;DklQsf] xssf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 eg] Jf}olQmt uf]kgLotfsf] xs k|Tofe't u/]sf] 5 . To;}ul/ zf]if0f lj?4 xs, lgz'Ns lzIff ;DaGwL xs, /f]huf/Lsf] xsdf a]/f]huf/nfO{ ;+l3o sfg'g adf]lhd ljif]z Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf ;d]t pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . :jf:Yo ;DaGwL xs, vfB ;DaGwL xs / cfjf;sf] xssf] Joj:yf ul/Psf]5 h'g xs hLjg / hLljsfsf] clwsf/;+u ;DalGwt 5 .

lgzf aflgofF, clwjQmf

ljifo

lj1

sf] ljrf/ ljZn]if0f

ljifo k|j]z Mljlwzf:qsf cg';f/ gful/s clwsf/x? dfgjsf k|fs[lts clwsf/x? x'g\ h'g cx/0fLo x'G5g\ . sltko b]zx?df o;nfO{ ;+j}wflgs clwsf/ elgG5 . ljZj Oltxf;df /fhfsf] æd g} /fHo x'+Æ eGg] egfO{nfO{ r'gf}tL lbb} gful/s clwsf/ tyf /fhgLtLs clwsf/sf] ax; t]x|f} ztflAbaf6 z'? ePsf] dflgG5 . g]kfnsf] /fhlgtLs cfGbf]ngn] klg gful/s clwsf/nfO{ c+lusf/ ub}{ pNn]Vo pknAwL xfl;n u/\of] . lo cfGbf]ngdf dlxnf tyf l;dfGs[t ju{sf] pNn]Vo e'ldsf /x]sf] lyof] . kmn:j?k ;+ljwfg;ef4f/f g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)&@ df hfl/ ePsf] 5 . jf:tjdf ;+ljwfg b]zsf] d'n sfg'g xf] . lj4fg Prof. K.C Where sf cg';f/ ;+ljwfg b]zsf] ;Dk"0f{ zf;g k|0ffnL ;+rfng ug{nfO{ hDdf ul/Psf] Tof] lgod xf] h;n] ;/sf/sf] :yfkgf Pj+ ;+rfng u5{ / ;/sf/nfO{ g} zf;g u5{ .

hfu/)f cleofg 15

dlxnfsf] xs M

ljif]z ?kn] Joj:yf ul/Psf] dlxnfsf] xs cGt{ut j+zsf] cfwf/df s'g} n}+lËs lje]b gul/g], dlxnf dfly x'g] lx+;f, zf]if0f b08gLo x'g] / sfg"g adf]lhd lk8saf6 Ifltk'lt{ kfpg] xs, ;'/lIft dft[Tj / k|hgg :jf:Yosf] clwsf/sf] Joj:yf, kfl/jfl/s dldnf tyf ;DkQLdf bDkQLsf] ;dfg xssf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 eg] /fHosf] x/]s ;+/rgfdf ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL ;xeflutfsf] ;'lglZrttf lzIff, /f]huf/, :jf:Yo / ;fdflhs ;'/Iffdf dlxnfnfO{ ljz]if Joj:yf, ;fdflhs Gofosf] xsdf ;dfj]zLtfsf] xs, ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] xssf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . o;}ul/ ;fdflhs ¿kn] k5fl8 k/]sf dlxnf, blnt nufotsf l;dfGts[t ju{nfO{ ;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf cfwf/df /fHosf] lgsfodf ;xeflutfsf] xs x'g] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . sfg"g adf]lhd ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] xs x'g] Joj:yf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

wf/f $^ n] ;+j}wflgs pkrf/ k|fKt ug{sf] nflu ;jf]{Rr cbfnt / pRr cbfntdf dfu ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yf 5 eg] wf/f $& n] df}lns xssf] sfof{Gjog ug{sf] nflu of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePsf] tLg jif{leq sfg"g agfO{ nfu' ug]{ Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .

;+ljwfgdf lgtLut ;+/If0f tyf /fHosf] lgb]{zs l;4fGtx? M

;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %) n] /fHosf lgb]{zs l;4fGtx¿sf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . n}lËs ;dfgtf, ;dfg'kflts ;dfa]zL ;xeflutf /fHosf] lgb]{zs l;4fGt x'g] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . ;dfhdf ljwdfg wd{, k|yf, k/Dk/f, l/tL tyf ;+:sf/sf gfddf x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf lje]b, c;dfgtf, z]if0f / cGofosf] cGTo ug]{ , >d / /f]huf/ ;DaGwL lgtLdf ;a}n] sfd ug{ kfpg] ca:yfsf] ;'lgzlrttf, ;fdflhs Gofo / ;dfa]zL/0f ;DalGw gLlt, h;df, hf]lvddf /x]sf dlxnfsf] ;+/If0f, c;xfo dlxnfsf] nflu /fHon] :jf:Yo, /f]huf/L, kx'Frsf] ;'lglZrttf, / ;zlQms/0fsf] sfo{qmd NofPsf] 5 . k|hgg cj:yfdf cfjZos ;]jf ;'ljwf pkef]usf] ;'lglZrttf, afnaRrfsf] kfngkf]if0f, kl/jf/sf] x]/rfx h:tf dlxnfsf] 3/leqsf] cfly{s dfGotf lbg], sfof{Gjogsf nflu gLlt, ah]6 / /fHo ;~rfng ;DalGw lbzflgb]{z ul/Psf] 5 . t/ wf/f %% n] /fHosf lgtL tyf lgb]{zs l;4fGt sfof{Gjog ug]{ ljifodf cbfntdf ph"/L gnfUg] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 .

/fhgLlts ;xeflutf M

/fhgLlts ;xeflutf ;DaGwdf ;+;bdf ;dfj]zL k|ltlglwTj x'g]5 . /fi6«klt / pk/fi6«klt dWo] km/s ln+u jf km/s ;d'bfoaf6 x'g] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . k|ToIf / ;dfg'kflts ul/ ld>Lt lgjf{rg k|0ffnL ckgfOPsf] 5 . k|ltlglw;ef / /fli6«o ;ef u/L b'O{ ;+;b /xg]5g\ . k|ltlglw ;efdf k|ToIf lgjf{lrt !^% / ;dfg'kflts !!) ;lxt @&% ;b:o x'g] 5g\ . /fli6«o ;efdf ;ft k|b]zaf6 lgjf{lrt %^ / /fi6«kltaf6 dgf]lgt tLg ;lxt %( ;b:o x'g]5g\ . ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo u/L tLg txsf] /fHo ;+/rgf x'g]5 . k|b]zx?df ;ft k|b]zsf s'n ;f+;b kfFr ;o %) x'g]5 . s]G›df h:t} k|b]zdf klg k|ToIftkm{ ^) / ;dfg'kfltstkm{ sf]6fdf $) k|ltzt ;L6 ;+Vof x'g]5 . kl/0ffdd} ## b]lv $) k|ltzt ;Dd dlxnf /fhgLlts ;xeflutfsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . dlxnf ;xeflutfnfO{ :yflgo :t/b]lv g} a[l4 ug{sf] nflu x/]s j8fdf $) k|ltzt dlxnf ;xeflutfsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .

r'gf}tL M

o;/L ;+ljwfgdf dlxnf tyf l;dfGts[t gful/ssf] ;+/If0f tyf pTyfgsf] nflu ljleGg Joj:yfx? u/] klg ;+ljwfgsf] sfof{Gjogdf r'gf}tL eg] 5g\ . ;+ljwfgdf pNn]lvt wf/fx¿ Ps csf{;Fu aflemPsf 5g\ . h:t} Psflt/ lx+;flj?4sf] clwsf/, wd{ / ;+:s[ltsf] gfddf lje]b ug{ gkfpg] elgPsf] 5 eg] csf]{lt/ wd{ ;+:s[tLsf] ;+/If0f . ;+ljwfgtM g]kfn wd{lg/k]If /fi6« x'g]5 . t/, wd{lg/k]Iftfsf] JofVof ub}{ elgPsf] 5 ls wd{lg/k]Iftf eGgfn] ;gftgb]lv rlncfPsf] wd{, ;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0f nufot wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts :jtGqtf a'‰g'kg]{5 elg :kli6s/0f lbOPsf]5 . dlxnfnfO{ a+zhsf] xs x'g]5 elgPsf] 5 eg] klxrfg tyf gful/stfd} lje]b ul/Psf] 5 . k}lqs ;DklQdf ;dfg clwsf/ eg]klg a}aflxs ;DaGwsf] cfwf/df gful/stfdf ul/Psf] lje]bn] klt tyf ;Gtfgsf] xsdf ;d]t c;/ kg{ ;Sg] b]lvG5 . /fhgLtLdf ;xeflutfsf] cf/If0f ul/Psf] t/ /fhgLlts kf6L{sf] lg0ff{os txdf dlxnfsf] cy{k"0f{ ;xeflutfs]f Uof/]l06 ul/Psf] 5}g . /fhgLtLs bn ;DalGw Joj:yfdf dlxnf tyf l;dfGts[tsf] ;xeflutfsf] af/]df s]lx pNn]v ul/Psf] 5}g . /fHosf lgtLdf cfly{s ;fdflhs ?kfGt/0fsf] laifodf dlxnfx¿ ;DalGw k|i6 lgtL pNn]v ePsf] 5}g . dlxnf clwsf/sf] s'/f ubf{ w]/} df}lns clwsf/ t lbPsf] 5 . t/, ;a} sfg'g agfP/ nfu' ug]{ eg]sf] 5 .

t;y{ ;+ljwfg sfof{Gjog ug{ ;+ljwfg cg's"n sfg'g agfpg] / nfu' ug]{ s'/f g} clxn]sf] nflu d'Vo r'gf}tLsf] s'/f /x]sf] 5 eg] bnx?df dlxnf ;b:ox?sf] Go"g pkl:ytL / cem} klg dlxnfnfO{ g]tf dfGg lxlRsrfpg] k|j[QLnfO{ x]bf{ /fhgLlts If]qdf dlxnf k|ltlglwTj a9fpg] s'/f r'gf}tLk"0f{ /x]sf] 5 . o;y{ ;+ljwfg cg'?k sfg'g aGg' / ;+ljwfgsf] sfof{Gjog x'g' clt cfjZos 5 .

ljifo lj1sf] ljr

f/ ljZn]if0f

16 hfu/)f cleofg

;'g;/L lhNnfdf ;+rflng dlxnfsf] ;dfj]zL ;xeflutfsf nflu Ifdtf ljsf; sfo{qmdaf/]

;/f]sf/jfnf ;d'bfosf] cfjfh

hfu/0f g]kfnn] ;'g;/L lhNnfsf alaof, ;f]gfk'/, l;+luof, l;dl/of, ;Q]nem]/f, / aSnf}/L uflj;x?df dlxnfsf] ;dfj]zL ;xeflutfsf nflu Ifdtf ljsf; sfo{qmd -a}zfv @)&)–)&# kf}if_ df ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . /fHosf] gLlt lgdf{0f tx, /fhgLlts bn tyf ;fdflhs ;+3 ;:yfsf] lg0ff{os txdf dlxnfsf] cy{k"0f{ ;xeflutf clea[l4 u/L ;/sf/, /fhgLlts bn / ;fdflhs ;+:yfsf] gLlt ;dfj]zL tyf dlxnf d}qL agfpg ;xof]u ug]{, /fHosf ;j} tx / lgsfodf slDtdf ## k|ltzt dlxnf ;xeflutf x'g / lg0f{osf] k|efjsf/L sfo{Gjogdf ;xof]u ug]{ p2]Zon] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmdn] :yfgLo :t/df s] s:tf] k|efj kf/]sf] 5 eGg] ljifodf nlIft ;d'bfosf dlxnf ;b:o ;+u k|ToIf s'/fsfgLdf cfwf/Lt s]xL c+zx? oxfF k|:t't ul/Psf] 5,

;d'b

fosf] cfjfh

;d'bfosf] cfjfh

ha d @)^% ;fndf hfu/0f dlxnf ;d'x ;b:osf] ?kdfcfj4 eP To; kl5 d}n] w]/} l;Sg] / hfGg] df}sf kfP . /fhgLlts bndf ;xefuL x'g k|]l/t eP . To;s} k|efjn] @)^^ ;fndf g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] kf6L{ ;b:o kfO{ k|j]z u/] . To; kl5 d km]/L hfu/0f g]kfn åf/f lgld{t gLlt jsfntsf nflu lhNNff ;+hfndf cfa2 eP / ;+:yfn] cfof]hgf ug]{ laleGGf sfo{j|mdx?df ;xefuL x'b} uP . h;sf sf/0f d]/f] Ifdtf clej[l4df 7"nf] of]ubfg k'u]sf] dxz'; ePsf] 5 . ;d'xdf cfa4tf ePkl5 dlxnf dfly x'g] lx+;f, 3/]n' lx+;f, / laleGGf lx+;fsf] d'4fx? ldnfpg / lkl8t nfO{ sfg'gL kxF'r k'/\ofpg ;xof]u ug{ yfn]sf] 5' . olx hfu/0f g]kfnsf] sfo{j|mdsf] k|efa af6 kf6L{df cfa4 eP / lj|moflzn ;b:otf klg lnPF / ufp sldl6 ;b:o x'b} xfn d g]kfn dlxnf ;+3sf] If]qLo ;efklt ;DDfx'g ;kmn ePsf] 5' . @)&@ ;fndf lhNNff sldl6 ;b:o ;DDf x'g ;kmn eP . hfu/0f g]kfnn] ;+rfng u/]sf] sfo{qmds} dfWodaf6 dlxnf klg gLlt lg0f{odf k'Ug' k5{ / ;a} gLltsf] dfp gLlt /fhgLlt xf] eGGf] s'/f yfxf kfP / cfkm' ;u} cGo kf6L{sf dlxnfx?nfO ;+ul7t ug{ klg Tolts} ;lj|mo ePsL 5' . cufdL :yfgLo lgsfosf] lgjf{rgdf ufla; cWoIfdf g} p7\g] cfF6 cfPsf] 5 . of] >]o hfu/0f g]kfnnfO{ hfG5 .

sNkgf sfsL{

j8f cWoIf aGg] lxDdt a9]sf]] 5

3/df vfgf ksfP/ a:g] dlxnf, /fhgLlt eg]sf] s'g r/fsf] gfd xf] dnfO{ yfxf lyPg . ha b]lv hfu/0f g]kfnn] o; ;f]gfk'/ uf=lj=;=df dlxnf ;zlQms/0fsf nflu sfo{qmd ;+rfng u/\of] To;n] d df r]tgf a9fPsf] 5 . c? s'g} klg ;+:yfn] ;+rfng gu/sf] cu'jf dlxnfx?nfO{ /fhgLlt r]tgf u/fO{ pgLx?nfO{ Ifdtf clej[l4 ub}{ gLlt lgdf{0fdf k'/\ofpg] p2]Zon] NofPsf] of] sfo{qmdn] d cfh j8f ;b:o 5' . cfkm\gf] dfcf]jfbL kf6L{df ufpF pkfWoIf / lhNnf sldl6 ;b:odf k'Ug ;kmn ePsL 5' . cfkm\gf] kl/jf/ ;fy} xfd|f] uf=lj=;=sf w]/} lx+;f k|efljt dlxnfx?sf] Gofodf kx'Fr k'/\ofpg ;xof]u k'/\ofpg yfn]sL 5' . d hfu/0f g]kfnn] lgdf{0f u/]sf lgt[Tj ljsf;sf nflu lhNnf ;+hfn ;b:o klg 5' . d h:tf cGo dlxnfnfO klg hfu/0fn] cl3 a9fpb} hfg' k5{ . cfufdL lbgdf klg o:tf lsl;dsf sfo{qmdx?sf] lg/Gt/tfsf] nflu cg'/f]w ub{5 .

lx+;f k|efljt dlxnfx?nfO{ Gofodf lbg ;xof]u ug{ yfn]sL 5' .

/f]hLgf vft'g, ;f]gfk'/,;'g;/L

hfu/)f cleofg 17

;d'bfos

f] cfjfh

hfu/0f g]kfnn] dlxnfsf] Ifdtf clwj[l4sf nflu ha o; uflj;df sfo{qmd z'? u/\of] To;} ;do b]lv hfu/0f dlxnf ;d'xdf cfj4 5' . d]/f] cGt/hflto ljjfx ePsf] xf] . o;df ljleGg cj/f]wx? cfO/x]sf lyP . oL ljleGg cj/f]wsf afjh'b klg lg/Gt/ lqmoflzn /x] . To; eGbf cufl8 s'g} klg ;+3 ;+:yf / ;d"xdf cfj4 lyPF . ha hfu/0f g]kfnsf] ;d'xdf cfj4 ePF o;n]] d]/f cfFvf vf]ln cufl8 a9\gnfO{ k|]/0ff / ;xof]u k'/\ofPsf] 5 . hfu/0f g]kfnn] w]/} Ifdtf a9fpg] vfnsf tflndx?, k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflnddf ;xefuL u/fO{ g]t[Tj ljsf; ug]{ df}sf lbof] o;n] d]/f] cfTdfljZjf; a9]/ cfof] . dlxnfn] kfpg] xsclwsf/sf] af/]df yfxf x'g yfNof] . uf=lj=;=af6 dlxnfn] kfpg] ;]jf ;'ljwf s;/L k|fKtug{], kf6L{sf] ;b:otf k|fKt ug]{ b]lv gLlt lg0f{odf k'Ug] s;/L eGg] s'/fsf] /fd|/L hfgsf/L kfPF . ljleGg kxnjf6 Pp6f ;/sf/L ljBfnodf /fxtsf]6fdf k9fpg klg yfn] . o;} lar hfu/0f g]kfnn] u/]sf sfo{qmddf ;a} ;+3 ;+:yfsf] sd{rf/L, lzIfsx? cflb ;+u e]63f6 kl/ro a9\b} uof] pgLx? ;+u cfkm\gf s'/f /fVg ;Sg] eP . xfdL h:tf dlxnfsf] kx'Fr a9fpgsf nflu hfu/0f g]kfnn] dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfo{no, lhNnf s[lif sfo{no, lhNnf k|zf;g sfo{no, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] lbg]] ;]jf;'ljwfsf] af/]df hfgsf/L eof] . ljleGg ;zlQms/0fsf ultljlwx?sf sfo{qmddf ;xefuL eP kZrft xfn kmf]/d nf]stflGqs kfl6{sf] ufpF sldl6sf] cWoIf x'g ;kmn ePsL 5' eg] gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|sf] ;lrj / ;xhstf{ klg ePsf] 5' . o;/L hfu/0f g]kfnn] d]/f] hLjgdf hfu/0f NofOlbof] . of] k|]/0ffnfO c+ufn]/ ;dfh ;]jfdf hLjg latfpg] / ;dfhdf ufl8P/ /x]sf, ljs[lt, lj;+ult ,s'/Llt ,s';+:sf/ / s';+:s[lt, s'tTjnfO{ x6fO{ ;'Gb/ ;dfh lgdf{0f ug{ ;w} cufl8 al9/xg k|]/0f ldn]sf] 5 . o:tf sfo{qmdn] lg/Gt/tf kfpg] ck]Iff ;d]t ub{5' .

nIdL tfdfË, zdf{alaof uflj;, ;'g;/L

g]t[Tj ljsf;df ;xof]u k'u]sf] 5

@)^& ;fndf ha hfu/0f g]kfnn] o; uflj;df sfo{qmd ug{ z'? u/\of] d h:tf /fhgLltdf cj4 dlxnfx?sf nflu cem lgvf/ eP/ nfUg] / Ifdtf ljsf;df ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 . d clvn g]kfn dlxnf ;+3sf] sldl6df /lx sfd ub}{ lyP . To;} ;do b]lv o; ;+:yfn] uflj;sf cu'jf dlxnfsf] nflu Hofb} pko'Qm sfd ;d'x agfpg] / tflnd ;+rfng ug{ yfNof] . o;}j|mddf d klg g]skf Pdfsf] kf6L{sf] tkm{af6 sfo{qmddf cfa4 x'g] df}sf kfPF . o; ;+:yfn] dlxnfx?sf] If]qdf sfdug{] xf};nf hufof] . dlxnfsf] g]t[Tj, Ifdtf ljsf; h:tf ljifox?df tflnd lbO{ d / d h:tf w]/} dlxnnfsf] g]t[Tj ljsf; u/fof] . cem k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflnd lbO{ ;xlhs/0fdf ;d]t pTk|]/0f hufof] . lgvf/ NofO{lbof] . hfu/0f g]kfnn] ;a} gLltsf] d'ngLlt eg]s} /fhgLlt xf] eGg] dfGotfnfO{ ;fy{s agfpg ufpFsf #) hgf cu'jf dlxnfx?sf] Ifdtf clej[l4 u/L ljleGg kf6L{x?, ;+3;+:yfsf] ;ldltleq cfj4 eO{ sfdug]{ k|]/0ff hufof] .

xfdL h:tf dlxnfsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 u/fO{ lkl8tx?sf] cfjfh p7fO{ pgLx?nfO{ Gofodfkx'Fr k'/\ofpg l;sfPsf] 5 . /fhgLlt k|lt dlxnfx?sf] x]g{] b[li6sf]0f ;s/fTds agfPsf] 5 . To; u/L k'?ifx?nfO{ klg ;+nUg u/L dlxnfx?sf] x/]s If]qdf ;xefuLtf a9fpgnfO{ d2t ldn]sf] 5 .hfu/0f g]kfnn] dlxnfx?n] klg /fhgLltug{' k5{, ;+ul7t x'g'k5{, olxaf6f] af6 dfq gLlt lgdf{0f tyf cGo ;+3 ;+:yf ;xsf/L cflbdf gLlt lg0f{odf k'/\ofg' kg{] /x]5 ;fy} dlxnfx? ufpFaf6} Ifdtfclej[l4 eO{ hfg'kg]{ /x]5 eGg] s'/f klg l;sfof] . o; uflj;df d cfkm\gf] klxrfg :yflkt ug{ ;kmn ePsf] 5' . xfn d hfu/0ff g]kfnsf] gLltjsfntsf] nflulhNnf ;+hfnsf] ;+of]hs, gu/ :t/Lo ;+hfnsf] cWoIf,To:t} ;[hglzn ;Lk ljsf; ufpF :tl/o ;+:yfsf] cWoIfsf] ?kdf sfd ul/x]sL 5' . xfn kf6L{df If]qLo ;b:o / cg]d;+3 lhNnf sldl6df ;Dd k'Ug ;kmnePsf] 5' . d h:tf c? dlxnx?nfO{ klg o:tf :yfgdf k'Ug ;xof]u u/f];\ .

dlxnfsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ;+u k|efljtx?sf] cfjfh p7fO{ plgx?nfO{ Gofodfkx'Fr k'/\ofpg l;sfPsL 5'

/fwf e6\6/fO{ l;luof, ;'g;/L

18 hfu/)f cleofg

;d'b

fosf] cfjfh klxn] t d clncln k9]n]v]sf] eP tfklg lgtfGt s[ifs lyP /fhgLlt k6Ss} cfpb}gYof] . >Ldfg\ rflx klxn] b]lv clncln /

fhgLlt ug'{'x'GYof] . pxfFnfO ;f]Wbf s]lx s'/f a'e\mlbgy]F . ha hfu/0f g]kfn o; uflj;df ;d'x u7g u/L tflnd ;+rfng ug{ yfNof] To;df d klg cfa4 x'g] df}sf kfP To;df cfkm' nufot ;d"xsfcGo #) hgf ;b:ox?n] w]/} s'/f l;Sg] df}sf kfof} . hfu/0f g]kfnn] xfdLnfO hufpg] sfd u/]sf] 5 . kf6L{df w]/} lxl8of], sfd ul/of] t/ kf6L{sf] kq / lawfgdf s] km/s eGg] s'/f g} kf] a'em]sf /x]g5f} . hfu/0f g]kfnn] d]/f] cfFvf vf]lnlbPsf] 5 . ha of] ;+:yf ;'g;/L lhNnfsf] asnf}/L uflj;df cfof] / d h:tf dlxnfnfO{ w]/} s'/fx? l;Sg] / a'em\g] df}sf lbPsf] 5' . ljleGg sfo{qmddf cfkm\gf s'/fx? /fVg l;sfof] x/]s gLlt lgodsf] nflu / kLl8tx?sf] Gofodf kx'Fr k'/\ofpgsf] nflu s;/L k}/aL / hgjsfnt ug]{ / xfd|f] nflu cfPsf] /sd s;/L ;b'kof]u ug]{ eGg] s'/f !$ r/0fsf of]hgf th'{dfsf s'/fx?, ;+rf/sf] dxTj, xfd|f xs clwsf/sf] Pltxfl;s s'/fnfO hf]8]/ lbj;x? dgfpg l;sfof] . dfgaclwsf/ dlxnfclwsf/, r'gfasf s'/fx?, ;dfa]zL ;xeflutf nufot w]/} tflndx? lbO xfd|f] Ifdtfdf clea[l4 u/fO /fhgLltug]{ dlxnf ;fy} cGo cu'jf dlxnfx?nfO gLlt lg0f{odfcufl8 k'/\ofpg] s'/f l;sfPsf] 5 . dlxnfx?nfO cfocfh{g klg Tolts}} cfaZostf kg]{ ePsf]n] cfod'ns, l;kd'ns lqmofsnfk ;+rfng ug'{ Tolts} cfjZos b]lvG5 . xfn d kf6L{sf] ufp sldl6sf] ;b:o, ufp :t/Lo dlxnf ;+hfn ;b:o, lgu/fgL ;d"xsf] j8f cWoIf, j8f gfu/Lsd~r ;+of]hs klg /x]/ sfd ug]{ df}sf kfP . hfu/0f g]kfnsf] gLlt jsfntsf nflu lhNNf ;+hfn cWoIf / xfn cg]d ;+3sf] cWoIfsf] nflu k|:tfj /x]sL 5' eg] cfufdL :yflgo lgsfodf j8f cWoIf kbdfg} p7g] dfgl;stf tof/ u/]sL 5' .

hfu/0f g]kfnn] Ifdtf hufpg] sfd u/]sf] 5

hfu/0f g]kfnsf] sfo{no lj/f6gu/df :yfkgf ;+u} o; ;+:yfdf sfdug]{ cj;/ kfPF . o; bf}/fgdf ljleGg lsl;dsf cg'e"lt÷cg'ejx ;+sng ;d]t eO;s]sf 5g\ . ;g\ @))^ b]lv ;+rfng ePsf] /fhgLltdf dlxnfsf] ;dfj]zL ;xeflutf kl/of]hgfdf ;d]t lhNnf kl/of]hgf ;+of]hssf] ?kdf /x]/ sfd ul/;s]sL 5' . o;} qmddf ;'g;/L / df]/Ë lhNnfdf ;+rfng ePsf cGo w]/} kl/of]hgfnfO{ ;d]t glhsaf6 x]/L To;sf] sfof{Gjogdf dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ul//x]sL 5' . o;} qmddf ;g\ @)!% hgj/L b]lv @)!^ l8;]Dj/ ;Dd ;'g;/L lhNnfdf ;+rflnt dlxnfsf] ;dfj]zL ;xeflutfsf nflu Ifdtf ljsf; sfo{qmdsf] bf]>f] r/0fdf lhNnf kl/of]hgf ;+of]hssf] ?kdf ;d]t sfd ug]{ df}sf kfPF . pQm kl/of]hgf cGt/utsf p2]Zox?nfO{ k'/f ug{sf nflu lg/Gt/ lqmoflzn /x] . o; lznlznfdf lhNnf tyf :yfgLo :t/sf ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L lgsfox?sf] ;d]t k"0f{ ;xof]u / ;dy{g / ;fem]bf/L /x\of] eg] :yfgLo clwsf/jfnfx?sf] klg k"0f{ ;xof]u /xof] . pQm kl/of]hgf ;kmntfk"j{s ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . o;sf dxTjk"0f{ pknAwL / l;sfO{sf ?kdf d}nL tn k|:t't ljifonfO{ lnOsL 5' .

Hfu/0f g]kfnsf] cfof]hgfdf 8]g rr{ P8\s]f ;xof]udf ;'g;/L lhNnfdf ;g\ @)!# b]vL !$ ;Dd @ jif{ kl5 km]/L @)!% b]vL !^ ;Dd hDdf $ jif{ # j6f k'/gf] uf=lj=;= df / @ jif{ # j6f gofF uf=lj=;=df sfo{qmd ;+rfng eof] . dlxnfsf] ;dfj];L ;xefuLtfsf nfuL Ifdtf ljsf; sfo{qmd gfds o; sfo{qmdsf] k|d'v p2]Zo eg]s dlxnfx?nfO{ x/]s lgsfodf -;+3 ;+:yf ;/sf/L tyf lghL_ x/]s lgsfodf cy{k'0f{ ;xeflutf ;fy} /fhgLltsbndf klg cy{k"0f{ ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt u/L lg0f{odf k'of{pg' / ;dfj];L ;xeflutf u/fpg' o:sf] k|d'v p2]Zo xf] .

o;} qmddf dlxnfx?nfO{ ;r]tgf ug]{ qmdd ljleGg ljifodf tflndx?, ufi7L, ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{, 5nkmn, a}7s, /fli6«o tyf cGt/fli6«o lbjzx? Dfgfpg], ;/sf/L lgsfox?;+u ;dGjofTds a}7sx?, sfo{qmdx?df /fhgLltbnsf k|d'v g]tfx?nfO{ k|:Tffjgf n]vg, k|ltj]bg n]vg tflnd, cfwf/e"t ;j{]If0f sfo{qmddf ;xefuL u/fpg], 5nkmn ug]{, ;d'xleqs} cu'jf dlxnfx?sf] Pp6f ;+hfn lglt jsfntsf nflu lhNnf ;+hfn !@ hgf ;d'xaf6 / * hgf cGo ;+:yfaf6 u7g u/L o; ;+hfnnfO{ klg yk ;r]tgf u/L o; ;+hfnn] xfn cfkm} ;dfj];L / ;xeflutfsf s'/fx?sf] k}/jL u/L dlxnf ;xeflutf a9fPsf] cj:yf 5 . ;fy} o; ;+hfnn] ufpF3/df ePsf n}ª\uLs lx+;fsf s]zx?nfO{ sfg'gsf] kx'r k'of{pg hgjsfnt, k}/jL u/L w]/} n}ª\uLs lx+;fsf d'2fn] sfg'gL Gofo kfPsf] cj:yf 5 . ;fy} o; sfo{qmd cGtu{t{ :yflgo lgsfosf] cfwfsf/Ls wf/0f k|ltj4tf / ;+ljwfgdf cfPsf dlxnfsf sfg'gx?sf] hfgsf/L ;fy}k|efjsf/L sfo{Gjogsf sfo{qmdx? rnfPsf] 5 .

o; sfo{qmdsf] d'Vo pknlAwx? K'f/fgf uf=lj=;= -;f]gfk'/, alaof / l;+luof_ df kl/of]hgfn] rfx]sf] eGbf bf]Aa/ pknlAw ePsf] 5 . /fhgLltsbn / ;fdflhs ;+3 ;+:yfdf pNn]Vodfqf ;xeflutf a9]sf] 5 . :yflgo lgsfos]f >f]t ;fwg dlxnfx?sf] kx'r k'uL klrfng u/]sf] cj:yf 5 . P]n] ;Dd :yflgo lgjf{rg x'g ;s]sf] cj:yf 5}g olb lgjf{rg ePsf] v08df 5 j6f uf=lj=;=df $) k|ltzt dlxnfx?n] pd]/4jf/L lbgsf] nflu tof/ eP/ a;]sf 5g\ @) k|ltzt dlxnfx?n] k|d'v kb g} tfs]s 5g\ . o;/L d sfo{qmd ;+of]hssf] x}l;otn] eGg'kb{f w]/} /fd|f] sfo{qmd / xfn g]kfnsf] cj:yfnfO x]bf{ of] sfo{qmd ;'g;/Lsf] gofF # j6f uf=lj=;=df cfkm} sfo{qmd ug'{kg]{ / g]kfnsff ;a} 7fpFdf of] vfnsf] sfo{qmdx? Dlxnfx?sf] nflu cem} cfjZos /x]sf] 5 . sfo{qmdsf] bf}/fgdf dw]z cfGbf]ng / e'sDksf] sf/0f s]xL k|efljt / lkqL;QfTds ;f]r cfkm} klg ;dfhdf xflj ePsf] kfOof] . h:sf] kmn:j?k s]xL r'g}ftL afx]s of] sfo{qmd ;kmn ePs]f d]/f] 7DofO 5 .

dlxnfsf] ;dfj]zL ;xeflutfsf nflu Ifdtf ljsf; sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog cg'ej

nIdL rf}w/L asnf}/L uf= la= ;=

k|ltIff a:g]tlhNnf kl/of]hgf ;+of]hs

;'g;/L

hfu/)f cleofg 19

g]kfndf lje]b ul/Psf ;d"xsf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/sf] k|j4{gsf nflu dfgj clwsf/ /Ifs tyf gful/s ;dfhsf] ;'b[l9s/0f sfo{qmdaf/] ;/f]sf/jfnf ;d"bfosf] cfjfh

;'g;/L lhNnfsf e/f}n, rfFbj]nf, 8'd|fxf / dw]nL uflj;df g]kfndf lje]b ul/Psf ;d"xsf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/sf] k|j4{gsf nflu dfgj clwsf/ /Ifs tyf gful/s ;dfhsf] ;'b[l9s/0f sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/Psf] 5 . dfgjclwsf/ /Ifs tyf dfgjclwsf/ kLl9t, ljz]if u/L ckfËtf ePsf JolQm tyf dlxnfsf] ;'/Iff, ;+/If0f tyf Gofodf kx'Fr :yfkgf ug{, l;dflGts[t ;d"xsf dlxnf tyf ckfËtf ePsf Jofltsf] cfly{s ;zlQms0fsf nflu cj;/x?df kx'Frsf] clej[l4ug{ / ljBdfg sfg'gx?sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjoog tyf cGt/f{li6«o dfgjclwsf/ dfkb08cg';f/ l;dflGts[t ;d'xsf dfgjclwsf/ /Ifs dlxnf tyf ckf+Ëtf ePsf JolQm ;+u ;DjlGwt ;fGble{s gLltx?df ;+zf]wg ug{ ;xof]u k'/\ofpg] p2]Zon] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/Psf] xf] . o; sfo{qmdsf dfWofdaf6 :yfgLo >f]t kl/rfng, ;/sf/L ;]jf kx'Frsf] a[l4, dfgjclwsf/ pn+3gsf kLl8tsf] ;'/Iff tyf Gofodf kx'Fr a[l4, ljBdfg sfg'g tyf gLltx?sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ;xof]u k'Ug] ck]Iff lnOPsf] 5 . ;'g;/L lhNnfsf pQm rf/ uflj;df sfo{qmd ;+rflnt pQm sfo{qmdn] :yfgLo :t/df s] s:tf] k|efj kf/]sf] 5 eGg] ljifodf :yfgLo ;/f]sf/jfnf ;d'bfosf ;b:o tyf dlxnf ;d'x ;b:o ;+u k|ToIf s'/fsfgLdf cfwf/Lt s]xL c+zx? :-

hfu/0f g]kfnsf] sfo{j|mdsf] z'?jft b]lvg} d ;xeflu ePsf] 5' . ;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfos / ;]jfu|fxL aLrsf] cGtl{j|mofaf6 ;/sf/L ;]jf ;'lawfsf] af/]df hfgsf/L eO{ laifout sfof{no;+u ;DjGw la:tf/ ePsf] 5 . :jf:Yo ;+:yfn] lbg] ;]]jf ;'lawfx?sf] lat/0fdf ;/ntf cfPsf]] 5 .

hfu/0f g]kfnn] :jf:Yo, lzIff, vfB, dfgjclwsf/ / dlxnfclwsf/sf] af/]df r]tgf clej[l2 u/fPs]f 5 . lx+;fdf k/]sf dlxnfx?nfO{ Gofosf nflu cfkt\sflng ;xof]u kfPsf 5g\ eg] ckf+utf ePsf AolQm, dlxnfx?nfO{ cfocfh{gsfnflu tflnd, afv|fkfng, ;fgf v'b|f k;nsf dfWodaf6 cfocfh{gdf ;xof]u k'u]sf] 5 . dlxnf ;+hfnn] dfq dlxnflx+;fsf] la?2df sfd ubf{ ;/f]sf/jfnfn] laZjf; gug{] uy]{ t/ hfu/0f g]kfn;+u o:tf cleofgdf ;+u} sfd ug{ kfp+bf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] laZjf; lhTg ;s]sf 5f}+ . ;+o'Qm?kdf Pstf eO{ u/]sf] sfdn] hg dfg;sf] laZjf; lht]sf] 5 . hfu/0f g]kfnsf] sfo{j|mdsf] l;sfO{n] uf=la=;=sf] n}lËs ah]6af6 @%hgf dlxnfx?nfO{ afv|fkfngsf ;xof]u ePsf] 5 . ufljsn] dlxnfsf nflu k|bfg ug]{ ah]6 lnO{ lx+;f k|efljt dlxnfx?nfO{ l;nfO{ s6fO{ tflnd pknAw u/fO{ cfocfh{gdf ;xof]u k'u]sf] 5 . sfo{j|mdsf] lg/Gt/tf eP /fd|f] x'GYof] .

;]jf k|bfos / ;]jfu|fxL aLr ;DaGw lj:tf/ ePsf] 5 .

;g\ @)!% df hfu/0f g]kfnn] o; uflj;df sfo{qmd ;+rfng u/L @ lbgsf] tflnddf ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] tkm{af6 dnfO{ ;xefuL u/fof] To; kl5sf ;a} lqmofsnfkx?df ;xefuL x'b} cfPsf] 5' . pQm tflnddf kl/of]hgfsf s[ofsnfkx?sf] af/]df hfgsf/L kfP . tflndaf6 dfgj clwsf/, dlxnf clwsf/, ckfËutf clwsf/, blnt clwsf/, lzIff / vfB clwsf/sf] laifodf hfgsf/L eof] . Ps :yfgLo ;xsf/Lsf] cWoIfsf] ?kdf sfd ub}{ ubf{ dfgj clwsf/sf ljifodf vf;} 1fg lyPg . hu/0f g]kfnn] o;df 7"nf] u'g nufPsf] 5 . ;fdfGo cj:yfdf b}lgsL ;+rfng ul//x]sf] ;dodf ha hfu/0f g]kfnn] ;+rfng u/]sf] ;Lk ljsf; tyf Ifdtf clel4sf sfo{qmddf ;dfj]z eP o; sfo{qmdaf6 cfocfh{df ;d]t af;Fsf] /\ofs, d'8f, afF;sf] kmf]6f] km]|d, u'l8of agfpg] tflndsf] dfWodaf6 cfocfh{g ug{ yflng / xfn pgL ;xsf/Ldf b}lgs ?kdf art ug{ yfn]sL 5g\ . d'9f a'Gg] / k|m]d agfpg] sfo{qmdx? cfkm\g} ufp 3/df sfdx? ul//x]sf 5g\ h;n] cfocfh{gdf ;xof]u k'u]sf] 5 . To;af6 dgUu] cfDbfgL x'g] u/]sf] 5 . dfgjclwsf/ ;+u ;DjGwLt sfo{qmdsf dfWodaf6 dfgjclwsf/ pn+3gsf 36gfx? dfly lgu/fgL x'g yfn]sf 5g\. lk8Lt ckfËtf ePsf JolQm, dlxnfsf] ;'/Iff / Gofodf kx'Fr k'u]sf] 5 . cfocfh{gsf sfo{qmd dfkm{t dfl;s ?kdf @) b]lv %) xhf/ ;Dd cfocfh{g x'g yfn]sf] 5 . sfo{qmdaf6 k|efljt eO{ dlxnfnfO{ s[lif / cfocfh{gsf] /fd|f] af6f] b]vfPsf] 5 . o;sf] nflu hfu/0f g]kfnnfO{ wGojfb .

æ;Lk ljsf; tflndn] cfocfh{gdf ;xof]u k'u]sf] 5Æ

;d'bfos

f] cfjfh

dLgf sfsL{8'd|fxf

dLgf s6'jfn dlxnf ;+hfn e/f}n

20 hfu/)f cleofg

;d'b

fosf] cfjfh hfu/0f g]kfnn] ;+rfng u/]sf] dfjgclwsf/, dlxnfclwsf/, vfB clwsf/, blnt clwsf/,

ckf+utf clwsf/ :jf:Yo clwsf/, lzIff clwsf/sf] af/]df @ lbg] tflnd af6 w]/} s'/fsf] hfgsf/L kfPF . o;af6 ;r]t eO{ ;]jf ;'ljwfsf af/]df cfjfh p7fpg yfn] kZrft clxn] :jf:Yo ;+:yfn] ljt/0f ug]{ lgz'Ns cf}ifwLx?sf] lat/0fdf ;'wf/ cfPsf] 5 . ;+hfnn] lx+;fdf k/]sf dlxnfx?sf] kIfdf sfd ubf{ cfly{s kf6f] geP/ xf]nf s]znfO{ ;DjlGwt lgsfodf k'¥ofpg uf¥xf] x'GYof] . :jo+ ;]jL sfd ug'{kg]{ cj:yf lyof] eg] lkl8tnfO{ b}lgsL rnfpg

uf¥xf] lyof] . hfu/0f g]kfnn] Gofodf kx'Fsf nflu cfly{s ;xof]u jfkt pknAw u/fPsf] /sdn] ;b/d'sfd cfpg d'2f rnfpg ;lhnf] eof] eg] nflu jf cbfnt ;Dd hfbf vr{ ePsf] /sd yf]/} eP klg hfu/0f g]kfnn] Aoxf]g]{ x'gfn] xfdLnfO{ sfd ug{ ;lhnf] ePsf] lyof] . o; ;+:yfn] :yflgo :t/df ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ ;+ul7t?kdf kl/rflnt x'g] jftfj/0f tof/ ePsf] 5 . blnt, dlxnf, ckf+utf ePsf AolQmsf kl/jf/nfO{ cfly{s ;zlQms/0fsfnflu a+u'/kfng, afv|fkfngdf ;xof]u k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . ul/an] ;lhn} Gofo kfpg] lsl;dsf] ;+oGq algg'kg]{df hf]8 lbg' x'G5, /0fdfof tfdfª . /fhgLlts kf6Lsf AolQmnfO{ eGbf lkl8tsf] kIfdf af]Ng' k5{ h];'s}xf]; cGofodf k/]sfnfO{ Gofo lbg' k5{ . pxf Gofosf] kIfdf cfjfh p7fpg' k5{ eGg] ;f]r /fVg' x'G5 .

;kmn dlxnf art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln=sf] cWoIfsf] gftfn] dnfO{ hfu/0f g]kfnn] :yflgo ;+3;+:yfsf] tkm{af6 kl/of]hgfsf] z'?jft b]lvg} laleGg sfo{j|mddf ;xeflu u/fPsf] 5 . pxfF eGg' x'G5, d}n] o; sfo{j|mddf ;xeflu eP/ dfgj clwsf/sf] af/]df hfGg] df}sf kfPF. o; ;+:yfn] Gofosfnflu lkl8tnfO{ cfly{s ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 . cfocfh{gsfnflu dlxnfx?nfO{ ;Lkd'ns tflnd k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . xfn :jf:Yo ;+:yfn] lbg] ;]jf ;'lawfx? ;lhnf] tl/sfn] kfpg ;xof]u ePsf] 5 . o; ;+:yfn] laifout sfof{nodf e|d0f u/fO{ plgx?;+u cGt{lj|mof ug]{ df}sf kfPsf 5f}+ . l;kd'ns tflnd kfPsf !) hgf dlxnfx? :yfgLo ;xsf/Lsf] z]o/ ;b:o k|fKt u/]sf 5f} . dfl;s ?kdf art ug{ ;kmn ePsf 5f} . ckf+utf ePsf b'O{ hgf AolQmn] hfu/0f g]kfnaf6 @ j6f l;nfO{ d]l;g kfPsf 5g\ . plgx?sf] cfly{s :yLltdf ;'wf/ cfPsf] 5 . dfgj clwsf/ lx+;fsf d'2fdf /fhgLlts bnn] ;+/If0f ug]{ x'gfn] ck/fwLx? plDs/x]sf 5g\ . To;}n] n}lªslx;+fsf] ;jfndf /fhgLlts bnx?nfO{ ;r]t agfpg' k5{ . clgdfq lkl8tn] Gofo kfpF5g\ . lszf]/Lx?nfO{ klg cfkm' s;/L ;'/lIft x'g] eGg] ;r]tgf tflnd lbg' k5{ h'g hfu/0f g]kfnn] ub{5 eGg] ljZjf; 5 .Æ

Gofodf kx'Fr lj:tf/ ePsf] 5

d hfu/0f g]kfnn] ;+rfng u/]sf] sfo{qmd ljz]if u/L ;]jf k|bfosaf6 ;]jfu|fxLn] kfpg] clwsf/x? ljifosf] sfo{j|mddf ;xeflu x'Fb} cfPsL 5' . o; ;+:yfn] ;+rfng u/]sf tflndsf] dfWodaf6 dfgj clwsf/, dlxnf clwsf/, vfB clwsf/, lzIff clwsf/, :jf:Yo clwsf/, blnt clwsf/ / ckf+utf clwsf/sf] laifodf hfgsf/L kfPF . klxn] xfdLnfO{ ljiffbL k|of]u / o;n] x'g] kmfO{bf a]kmfO{bfsf] af/]df hfgsf/L lyPg . :jf:Yo ;+:yfaf6 k|bfg ug]{ lgMz'Ns cf}ifwLx?sf] af/]df hfgsf/L eof] . dlxnfx?nfO{ bfndf]7 e'lhof agfpg] tflnd lbO{ bfndf]7 e'lhof lalj|m ug'{sf ;fy} cfkm\gf 3/df klg vfhfsf] ?kdf k|of]udf NofPsf 5g\ / 5' . d}n] s:d]l6s k;n ug{ ;fdfu|L ;xof]u kfPsf] lyPF . o; Aofkf/af6 dnfO{ kmfO{bf ePsf] 5 . d dfl;s ?kdf ? %))). b]lv ? *))). ;Dd cfocfh{g ug{ yfn]sL 5' . ;f]xL /sdaf6 art klg ub}{ cfPsf] 5' . To;}u/L hfu/0f g]kfnn] $# hgf dlxnfx?nfO{ art tyf C0f ;xsf/Ldf cfj2 u/fO{ art ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . d klg o; ;xsf/Ldf cfj2 ePsf] 5' . cfj2 ePsf !) hgfnfO{ dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfo{non] & lbgsf] tflnd lbPsf] 5 . hfu/0f g]kfn cfpg' cufl8 oxfsf laBfnodf laBfno Aoj:yfkg ;ldlt u7g ePsf] lyPg, hfu/0f g]kfnsf] sfo{j|mddf ;xeflu ePkl5 ;d'bfosf AolQmx?n] laBfno oj:yfkg ;ldlt u7gdf rf;f] lbg yfn] / xfn lzIff sfof{nosf] ;xlhs/0fdf laBfno Aoj:yfkg ;ldlt wdfwd u7g e}/x]sf] 5 . o; ufla;df 36]sf lx+;fsf 36gfx?sf]] d'2f p7fg ug]{ sfddf ;xof]u u/]sL 5' h;sf sf/0f k|efljtn] Gofo / pkrf/sfnflu cfly{s ;xof]u ;d]t ePsf 5g\ . cGTodf, kl/of]hgf ;dfKt ePsf] cj:yfdf o; sfo{j|mdsf] lg/Gt/ cg'udg ug]{ ;+oGq agfpg cu|x ub}{ hfu/0f g]kfnnfO{ d'/L d'/L wGojfb lbg rfxfG5' .

cfocfh{gdf kx'Fr a[l4 ePsf] 5

k'ikf l;+xrfFbj]nf uf=la=;=

/0fdfof tfdfª 8'd|fxf

k'ikf rf}w/L, e/f]n, ;'g;/L

hfu/)f cleofg 21

g]kfndf lje]b ul/Psf ;d"xsf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/sf] k|j4{gsf nflu dfgj clwsf/ /Ifs tyf gful/s ;dfhsf] ;'b[l9s/0f -HRD_ kl/of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] cg'ej

Hffu/0f g]kfn If]qLo sfof{no la/f6gu/df kl/of]hgf clws[tsf] ?kdf ;g @)!# clk|n dlxgf b]lv sfd ug]{ qmdddf dlxnfx?sf] ;dfa]zL ;xeflutfsf nflu Ifdtf lasf; sfo{qmd gfds kl/of]hgfdf l8;]Da/ ;g\ @)!$ df ;f] kl/of]hgfsf] klxnf] r/0fsf] sfo{j|md ;DkGg eof] . hga/L ;g\ @)!% df g]kfndf lae]b ul/Psf] ;d'xx?sf] cfly{s ;fdflhs ;f+:s[lts clwsf/ k|j4{gsf nflu dfga clwsf/ /Ifs / gful/s ;dfhsf] ;'b[l9s/0f kl/of]hgf sfo{j|md z'? eof] ;f] kl/of]hgfdf lhNnf kl/of]hgf ;+of]hssf] ?kdf hfu/0f g]kfnn] dnfO k'g sfd ug]{ cj;/ k|bfg uof] . k"jf{~rnsf] tLg lhNnfdf pQm kl/of]hgf nfu' ePsf] lyof] . tLg} lhNnf kl/of]hgf ;+of]hs, ;fdflhs kl/rfns, n]vf ;lxtsf] l6dnfO kl/of]hgf lss cfp6 sfo{zfnf uf]li7df ag]kfdf @ lbgsf]nflu ;xefuL eof}+ . kl/of]hgfsf sfo{j|md Aoa:yfkg / ah]6 laifodf hfgsf/L eof] . To;a]nf of] kl/of]hgfsf] p2]Zo k|fKt ug{sf nflu Toxf ePsf s[ofsnfkn] pknlAw xfF;Ln unf{ h:tf] nfu]sf] lyPg dnfO dxTjsf+IfL kl/of]hgf h:tf] nfUof] . d}n] ;f]xL a}7sdf klg s'/f /fv] 5nkmn eof] t/ klg lrQ a'em]sf] lyPg . pQm kl/of]hgfsf] p2]Zox? o; k|sf/ /x]sf] lyof] .

!= dfga clwsf/ /Ifs tyf dfgaclwsf/ kLl8t laz]if u/L ckf+Ëtf ePsf AolSt tyf dlxnfsf] ;+/If0f tyf Gofodf kFx'rsf] k|j4{g ug]{ .

@= laz]if ul/ l;dflGts[t ;d"xsf dlxnf tyf ckf+Ëtf ePsf AolStsf] cfly{s ;zlSts/0fsf ca;/x?df kxF'rsf] a[l2 .

#= laBdfg sfg'gsf] k|efasf/L sfof{Gjog tyf cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08 cg'?k l;dfGts[t ;d"xsf dfgjclwsf/ /Ifs dlxnf tyf ckf+Ëtf ePsf AolSt;+u ;DalGwt gLltx?sf] ;+zf]wg /x]sf] lyof] .

of] kl/of]hgf sfof{Gaogsf] nflu uflj;df sfd ug'{ eGbf cufl8 s;/L oL p2]Zo k|fKt ug]{ eGg] laifodf dgdf ulx/f] ?kdf dgyg uy]{F . uflj; :t/df klg ;d"x agfO sfd ug{ ;lsG5 h:tf] nfuof] . kl/of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog lgb]{lzsf cg';f/ s[ofsnfknfO sfof{Gaog ub}{ uof} . lgb]{lzsf cg';f/sf] ;xeflux?nfO ;xeflu u/fpb} uof} o;/L sfd ubf{ :yfgLo ;+3 ;+:yf, /fhgLlts bnx?, j8fgfl/s d~r, dlxnf :jo+;]ljsf, :yfgLo laifout sfof{no, laBfnosf lzIfs, blnt ;dGao ;ldlt, ckf+Ë ;dGao ;ldltx? xfd|f] sfo{j|mddf ;xeflu u/fO{Psf] lyof] . sfo{j|mdsf] s[ofsnfk km/s ePklg Pp6f ;d"x agfP/ sfo{j|md ug'{eGbf o;/L ul/Psf] sfo{j|md al9 k|efasf/L nfUof] . sfo{j|mdsf] af/]df ;DalGw If]q af6 ;xeflu ePsf AolStn] cfkm\gf] sfo{If]qsf] a}7sdf z]o/L+u ug]{ ubf{ /x]5g\ . :jf:Yo If]qaf6 lgMz'Ns lat/0f x'g] cf}iflwx?sf] af/]df hgtfnfO{ hfgsf/L ePsf], blnt clwsf/sf] af/]df blntdfq hfgsf/L xF'bf e]befa 5'jf5't cGTo x'g] xf]Og u}/ blntx?nfO{ lbbf cem k|efasf/L nfUof] . lsgls cGt{/fli6«o tyf /fli6«o sfg'gsf] af/]df hfgsf/L kfpg] df}sf u}/ blntx?n] klg kfP . blntx?nfO dfgaclwsf/sf] b[li6sf]0f af6 x]/Lg' kg]{ s'/fx? kSs} klg sfo{j|mddf pkl:yt x'g] ;xeflux?n] a'em\g' ePsf] 5 . $ j6f uflj; dw]nL ,rfba]nf , 8'd|fxf, / e/f}ndf dfga clwsf/ xgg\sf 36gfsf] clen]lss/0f ;'/Iff / Gofosf nflu kxn ug]{ sfd eof] . To:tf ultlalwx? ubf{ hfu/0f g]kfnnfO slxNo} PSnf] dx;'; ePg . lsgeg] :yfgLo uflj; dlxnf ;+hfn, j8f gful/s d~r, :yflgo ;+3 ;+:yf, /fhgLlts bn ;+u;+u} ;xsfo{ u/]/ dfq sfd ug]{ xfd|f] p2]Zo lyof] . pxfx?n] ;DalGwt ;jfndf ;fy ;xof]u ul/g}/xg' eof] . :yfgLo :t/df klg w]/} s]z ldnfpg ;lsof] . !) j6f s]z cbfnt;Dd cfOk'Uof] . hGd s}bsf $ j6f 36gfdf @ j6f d'2f km};nfeO{ #hgf cleo'Qm h]n rnfg ePsf 5g\. c? s]lx d'2f km};nfsf] d'vdf k'u]sf] 5 . hfu/0f g]kfnsf] cfly{s ;xof]u / lh= k|= sf=, cf]= l;= Pd= ;L=, lhNnfaf/, x]Nk8]:ssf] ;xof]udf lo d'2f p7fg ug{ ;lsPsf] xf] . o;/L ck/flwnfO{ ;hfo ePkl5 lkl8tn] Gofo kfPh:tf] nfUYof] . lkl8tkIfn] xfdLnfO e]6]/ cfk\mgf s'/f eGbf cem}klg cfkm' ;'/lIft gePsf] ck/flwsf cfkmGt af6 hlxNo}klg wfs wlDs dfgl;s oftgf e}/x]sf] yfxf kfO{of]. /fhgLlts cl:y/tf ePsf] xfd|f]h:tf] d'n'sdf ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe'lt hgtfn] ug{ kfPsf 5}gg\ . AolStsf] k5fl8 k|x/Lsf] va/bf/L /xg] s'/f] klg ePg t/ lkl8tn] k'g lkl8t x'g' kg]{ ca:yf cem}klg /x]sf] 5 . dlxnf, blnt / ck+futf ePsf AolStx?sf] cfly{s ;zlSts/0fsf] nflu OG;]ssf] g]Tt[Tjdf o"/f]lkog o"lgog / 8]g rr{ P8 sf] ;xof]udf l;k lasf; tflnd / ahf/ s]lGb|t Aoa;fosf nflu ;fdfu|L k|bfg ul/of] . blnt, lx+;f k|eflat dlxnf, ckf+utf ePsf JolQmnfO{ l;kljsf; tflnd / afvf| kfng, aFu'/ kfng, s:d]l6s k;n, vfhf k;n, ;fgf ls/fgf k;nsf] nflu ;xof]u u¥of}+ . tflnd lnP/ cfocfh{g ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . ul/a, blnt, ckf+utf tyf lx+;f k|efljt JoQmLx?n] tflnd / ;xof]u kfpFbf lxhf];Dd pxfFx?sf] xftdf cfkm\gf] sdfO{ lyPg t/ cfh cfkm\gf] sdfO{n] art ug{ yfNg'ePsf] 5 . art ugf{n] ;d"xaf6 C0f lnP/ k;n klg a9fpg ;xof]u k'u]s]f 5 eg] Gofosf nflu cbfnt ;Dd hfg] cfpg] ef8f cfFkm} h'6fpg yfNg'ePsf] 5 . plgx?sf] d'xf/df kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5 . cfTdlge{/ aGgsf nflu plgx?nfO{ hfu/0f g]kfnn] yfª\u|f cyf{t dxTjk"0f{ ?kdf ;xofuLsf] sfd u/]sf] 5 .

ef]hs'df/L tfdfË lhNnf kl/of]hgf ;+of]hs,

;'g;/L

;d'bfos

f] cfjfh

22 hfu/)f cleofg

ljjfx ePsf] @! jif{;Dd ljjfx btf{, gful/stf gkfPsf] lkl8t km"ndfof tfdfªn] ljjfx btf{ / gful/stf kfPsL l5g\ . To;}ul/ ;fg'dfof e'h]nn] c+z kfO{ nfnk'hf{ k|fKt u/]sL l5g\ . e/f}nsL /flwsf rf}w/L Joj;flos ag]sL l5g\ . cGo ;fyLx?nfO{ cw{/f]huf/ ;DDf lbPsL l5g\ . dw]nLsf l/gf rf}w/L, piff rf}w/L d'8f a'Gg l;sfpg] k|lzIfs ag] . plgx? cfkm\gf] Joj;foaf6 ePsf] cfDbfgLn] 3/fo;L vr{ ug]{, 5f]/f 5f]/Ls]f lglh:s'nsf] lkm; ltg]{,sfkL snd lsGg] u/]sf 5g\ . :yflgo dlxnfx?nfO{ cfly{s ?kdf ;jn agfpg :yflgo lgsfodf e|d0f tyf afnaflnsf sfo{noaf6 ;+rflnt tflnddf ;xeflu x'g kfPsf5g\ . D+fl;/df rf/ j6} uf=lj=;=df ljp ljhg ljt/0f ug{] sfd s[lif pk;]jf s]Gb|n] u/]sf] 5 . o;/L slxNo} uf=lj=;=,Og?jf gcfPsf JoQmLn] klg lh=lj=;=, dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfo{no, lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfo{no x]g]{ df}sf kfPsf5g\ . lhNnf gful/s ;dfh ;+hfn, x]Nk8]:s ,hfu/0f g]kfnsf] ;+o'Qm kxndf uf=lj=;= b]lv lhNnf tx;Dd ePsf sfg'gx?nfO{ nfu' ug{sf nfuL bjfj lbg], ;dGjo ug{], jsfnt ug]{ sfd ePsf] 5. . o;sf cltl/Qm

• !^# hgf ;xefuLx?n] uf=la=;= :tl/o tfnLd kfO{ dfgjclwsf/ ,ckf+utf clwsf/ / blnt clwsf/sf laifodf hfgsf/ ePsf 5g . -rf/ ufla;_

• Dffgj clwsf/ /Ifs a'wgL rf}w/L dfly ePsf] s'6lk6 ;DaGwL 36gf lhNnf k|x/L sfo{nodf b'a} kIf aLr 5nkmn ul/ ? !!))). Ifltk"lt{ e/fO{ ldnfkq ePsf] 5 .

• !@@ hgf -dlxnf–%!,k'?if –&!_hgf -;/sf/L lgsfo,/fhgLlts kf6L{x?, :yflgo ;+3 ;+:yf, ;xsf/L, lzIfs, u}=;=;=, gful/s ;dfh, blnt,

ckfËutf ePsf AolQm,:jo+;]ljsf, afnSna, kqsf/_ af6 k|ltlglwTj ;xeflux?n] :jf:Yo clwsf/, vfB clwsf/ / lzIff clwsf/sf] laifodf hfgsf/ ePsf 5g\

• :yflgo uf=la=;=:t/Lo ;+3;+:yf;+u ;dGjo

la:tf/ ePsf] 5 eg] :yfgLo :t/df dfgjclwsf/ pn+3gsf d'4fdf :yfgLo af;Ln] ;"rgf lbg / ;dGjo ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ .

• 8'd|fxf uf=la=;=df ckf+utf ;dGjo ;ldlt / /fli6«o ckf+u dxf;+3 g]kfn If]qLo sfof{no, la/f6gu/n] ckf+utf ePsf AolQmx?sf] nfuL l;lj/ ;+rfng u/]sf] lyof]. pQm l;lj/df ̂ hgf ckf+utf ePsf AolQmx?nfO{ ;xeflu u/fO{ plgx?n] ckf+utf kl/rokq ;d]t k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ . pQm l;lj/df lgnf]sf8{–!$hgfn], kx]+nf] sf8{–!%hgfn], ;]tf]sf8{ !^hgfn] kfPsf lyP .

• Uff=la=;=df ck+futf ePsf AolQmnfO{ lbOg] ;fxfos pks/0fsf]nfuL l;kmfl/; ePsf] 5 .

cGTodf kl/of]hgfsf] p2]Zocg';f/ s]xL xb;Dd pknlAw k|fKt ePsf] 5 . ;xhstf{sf] nfuL kl/of]hgfsf] s[ofsnfkdf Psbd} sd /sd x'Fbf klg lh=lj=;=sfo{no,lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfo{no, lhNnf s[lif sfo{no, ckf+u ;dGjo ;ldlt, blnt cleofGtfn] hfu/0f g]kfnsf] ;dGjodf rf/j6f uf=lj=;=df uO{ ;xlhs/0f ug{'ePsf] 5 . pxfFx?nfO{ klg d hfu/0f g]kfnsf] tkm{af6 wGojfb lbg rfxG5' . o; kl/of]hgfdf x/t/xn] ;fy ;xof]u ug'{ x'g] ;fdflhs kl/rfns b]lv hfu/0f g]kfn If]lqo sfof{nosf l6dnfO{ klg xflb{s wGojfb lbg rfxfG5' . o; kl/of]hgf sfd ug]{ cj;/ hfu/0f g]kfnn] dnfO{ k|bfg u/]sf]df ;+:yfk|lt cfef/ AoQm ug{ rfxfG5' .

;d'b

fosf] cfjfh

hfu/)f cleofg 23

dlxnfx? ljz]ifu/L l;dflGts[t ;d'bfosf] :yfgLo ;'zf;g, lgjf{rg, lg0ff{os tx / /fhgLltdf ;xeflutf ;jlns/0f kl/of]hgf M d'Vod'Vo jflif{s pknAwLx?

hfu/0f g]kfn / ueg]{G; km]l;lnl6 aLr dlxnfx? ljz]ifu/L l;dfGts[t ;d"bfosf] :yfgLo ;'zf;g, lgjf{rg, lg0ff{os tx /fhgLltdf ;xeflutf ;jlns/0f kl/of]hgf !% l8;]Dj/ !)!% b]lv nfu' x'g] u/L ;Demf}tf eO ;+rfng x'b} cfPsf] 5 . dlxnf clwsf/, lbuf] zflGt / ;'zf;gsf nflu sfo{/t hfu/0f g]kfnn] ;+of]hg ug]{ of] kl/of]hgf :yfgLo lhNnf ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfx?sf] ;xsfo{df k"jf{~rnsf kfFr lhNnf / dWodf~rnsf] e"sDk k|efljt Ps lhNnfu/L hDdf #) uflj;df pQm kl/of]hgf ;+rfng eO/x]sf]] 5 . pQm kl/of]hgf ;+rfngsf] Ps jif{ k'/f ePsf] cj;/df jflif{s ;dLIff tyf k'g/fjnf]s sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf /fhwfgLdf ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm cj;/df lhNnf ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfsf k|d'v tyf sfof{qmd ;+of]hsx? ;+u kl/of]hgfsf] jflif{s pknAwL tyf l;sfO{sf ;DjGwdf ul/Psf] cGtjftf{sf dxTjk"0f{ c+zx? :-

l;dfGtLs[t ;d'bfosf dlxnfx?sf] :yfgLo ;'zf;g, lg0ff{os tx / /fhgLlt nufot r'gfjdf ;xeflutf a9fpg] p4]Zosf ;fy k'jf{~rnsf kfFr / dWodf~rnsf Ps u/L hDdf ^ lhNnfsf #) uflj;df SMARCO kl/of]hgf ;~rfngdf /x]sf] 5 . ueg]{G; km]l;lnl6 sf] cfly{s ;xof]udf ljut Ps aif{b]lv (Dec 2015 b]lv_;~rflnt of] kl/of]hgf tLg jif{;Dd -;g\ 2018 sf] cGo ;Dd_ ;~rfngdf /xg] 5 . kl/of]hgfn] d'VotM ;d'bfo, lhNnf / s]Gb u/L tLg txdf ljleGg Ifdtf ljsf;, cled'lvs/0f tyf asfnt ;DaGwL lj|mofsnfkx? ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 .

kl/of]hgf ;+rfngsf] klxnf] jif{d} s]xL dxTjk'0f{ pknAwLx? ePsf 5g\ . s]Gb|df d'Vo /fhgLlts bnx?, Joj:yflksf ;+;b ;b:ox?, ;DalGwt dGqfnox?, dlxnf clwsf/sf If]qdf sfo{/t ljleGg ;+w ;+u7g tyf ;~hfnx? Nfufot cGo ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox? ;+usf] ;dGjo tyf ltlgx?nfO{ yk lhDd]jf/ agfpgsf] lgldQ ljleGg sfo{j|mdx? ePsf 5g\ eg] uflj; tyf lhNnf :t/df dlxnfsf] ;dfg ;xefuLtfsf] clwsf/sf If]qdf ;r]tgf Nofpg Jofks ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 . kl/of]hgf af6 ;+rflnt ljleGg sfo{qmdsf dfWodaf6 k|efljt eO{ :yfgLo dlxnfx? lgjf{rg, :yfgLo ;'zf;g, ;xeflutf / n}lËs ah]6sf af/]df hfgsf/ eO{ s'g s'g If]qdf dlxnfsf nflu slt ah]6 5'6\ofOPsf] 5 hfgsf/L kfP/ uflj;af6 5'6\ofOPsf] n}lËs ah]6 lnO{ sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ ;Sg] ePsf 5g\ . k|fo ;a} uflj;df o:tf sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng eO/x]sf 5g\ . ;d"xdf cfj4 w]/} dlxnfx?n] kf6L{ ;b:otf lnO ;s]sf 5g\ eg] sf]xL bndf lqmoflzn ;b:o ePsf 5g\ . klxnf g} bnsf] ;b:otf lnO;s]sf dWo] s]xLsf] bnleq} kbf]GgtL klg ePsf 5g\ . To;}u/L lhNnf tyf uflj; :t/sf ;+/rgfdf klxnfsf] t'ngfdf Jofks ;xeflutf a9]sf] 5 . dlxnfx? lgw{Ss ;+u cfkm\gf ;d:ofx? /fVg ;Sg] ePsf 5g\ . clwsf/sf af/]df s'/f ug{ ;Sg], >f]tdf kx'Fr :yfkgfsf af/]df rf;f]/fVg ;Sg] ePsf 5g\ . kl/of]hgfn] k'?if ;xeflutfnfO{ hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . o;sf] nflu ljleGg /0fgLltx? lnPsf 5f} . dlxnfnfO{ /fhgLlts tyf cGo If]qdf nfUgsf] nflu kl/jf/sf] 7"nf] e"ldsf /x]sf] x'G5 . dlxnfsf] ;xefuLtfsf ;jfndf k'?ifx? ;+u lg/Gt/ k/fdz{ ug]{ u/]sf 5f} . h;n] dlxnfnfO{ 3/af6 aflx/ lg:sg ;xof]u ul//x]sf] cj:yf 5 . n}lËs ;xeflutfnfO{ cufl8 a9fpgsf nflu g]t[Tj txdf dlxnf ;xeflutfsf] ;jfnnfO{ lg/Gt/ p7fO/x]sf] / s]xL dfqfdf ;kmntf xfFl;n ePsf] cj:yf 5 . /fHosf gLltx? klg dlxnf ;xeflutf u/fpg] lsl;dsf x''g cfjZos /x]sf] / To;sf] nflu ;d'bfosf] ;f]r / x]g]{ b[li6sf]0fdf e/ kg]{ x'gfn] ;f]rdf ;sf/fTds kl/jt{gsf] nflu sfo{qmdn] nIo /fv]sf] 5 h;sf] cfjZostf tyf ;fGble{stf lgs} g} /x]sf] dxz'; ePsf] 5 .

lbks k|;fb j:ofn/fli6«o kl/of]hgf ;+of]hs

– SMARCO

dlxnfsf] /fhgLltdf ;xeflutf / >f]t ;fwgdf kx'Fr ;DjlGw ljleGg lsl;dsf Ifdtf clej[l4sf tflnd ;+rfng eO{ :yfgLo dlxnfx?df w]/} kl/jt{g cfPsf] dxz'; ePsf] 5 . o;sf cltl/Qm ljleGg If]q h:t}M /fhgLlt, :yfgLo ;+3 ;+37g, ;/sf/sf :yfgLo lgsfox?df s;/L ;xeflutf a9fpg] eGg] ljifodf sfo{qmd ;+rfn eO{ To:tf :yfgdf ;xefuL x'g yfn]sf 5g\ . uflj; :t/df /fhgLltdf nfUg' eg]sf] vfnL em08f lnP/ lx8\g' xf] eGg] ;f]rfO{ lyof] t/ To;df kl/jt{g cfO{ /fhgLltdf nfUg' clgjfo{ / cfhsf] cfjZostf ;d]t /x]5 eGg] ;jfndf ;r]t ePsf 5g\ . /fhgLltdf ;xeflutf eg]sf] gLlt lg0f{o ug]{ 7fpdf k'Ug' klg xf] eGg] a'emfO{ ePsf] 5 . dlxnf clwsf/, dfgjclwsf/, >f]tdf k'xFr, lgjf{rg / lg0f{fos txdf ;xeflutfsf af/]df hfgsf/ eO{ /fhgLlts If]q tyf cGo :yfgLo ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf gLlt lgdf{0f txdf ;d]t ;xefuL x'g yfn]sf 5g\ . dlxnf d}qL gLlt lgdf{0fsf nflu gLlt lgdf{0f txdf dlxnf cfpg' cfjZos 5 . uflj; txaf6 ;+rfng ePsf ljleGg tflndsf sf/0f dlxnfx? ;r]t / hfu?s ePsf 5g\ . pkef]Qm ;ldlt, ljBfno Joj:yfkg, nufPtsf ljleGg :yfgLo ;ldltx?df dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf a9]sf] 5 hf] ;sf/fTds kIf xf] o;f] x'g'df kl/of]hgfsf] dxTjk"0f{ b]g /x]sf] 5 .

zf]ef 9'Ëfgf lhNnf, sfo{qmd ;+of]hs, sfe|]

kl/of]hgf s

fo{Gjog pkn

AwL

24 hfu/)f cleofg

kl/of]hgf cGt/ut ;d"x u7g, Ifdtf clwj[l4 ;DjlGw tflnd sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ePsf 5g\ . ljz]ifu/L /fhgLlts bn;+u glhs /x]/ sfd u/]sf 5f} . g]t[Tj txdf k'Ugsf] nflu /fhgLlts ug'{kg]{ /x]5 eGg] ;d'xdf cfj4 dlxnfx?df dxz'; ePsf] 5 . /fhgLlts bn b]lv afx]s :yfgLo nlIft ;d'xsf dlxnfx?sf] klg Ifdtf clwj[l4 eO{ uflj; :tl/o of]hgf th'{dfdf ;xefuL x'g yfn]sf 5g\ eg] ;xefuL lsg x'g' kb{5 eGg] ljifodf ;r]t ePsf 5g\ . dlxnfsf] a'emfO{df kl/jt{g ePsf] 5 . kl/of]hgf cGt/ut ;+rfng ePsf ultljlwx?af6 ##$ hgf dlxnf tyf k'?ifx? ;xeflutf, of]hgf th'{df, n}lËs ah]6, lgjf{rg, :yfgLo ;'zf;g, dlxnf clwsf/÷dfgjclwsf/ h:tf ljifodf ;r]t ePsf 5g\ . dlxnf lx+;f cGTosf nflu k'?if ;xeflutfsf ;jfndf k'?ifx? ;+usf] lg/Gt/ 5nkmn / ax; kl5 ;sf/fTds kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5 . k'?ifx?df klg dlxnfnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ ;f]rdf ;sf/fTds kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5 . uflj; :t/Lo ;+oGqx?df ;d]t dlxnfx?sf] ;xeflutf j[l4 eO/x]sf] cj:yf 5 . :yfgLo ;'zf;g, lg0ff{os tx / /fhgLltdf dlxnf ;xeflutf ljifodf tLg lbg] tflnd k|fKt u/L !&$ hgfsf] Ifdtfdf ljsf; ePsf]5 . n}lËs ah]6df :yfgLo dlxnfx?sf] kxF'r k'Ug yfn]sf] 5 eg] !)$ hgf nlIft ;d'bfosf ;xefuLx? lhNnf :t/Lo sfo{qmdf ;xefuL eO{ hfgsf/ ePsf 5g\ . u|fld0f tyf lhNnf :t/Lo k/fdz{ uf]i7Lsf sfo{qmdaf6 !(! hgf nlIft ;d'bfosf ;/f]sf/jfnfx? nfeflGjt ePsf 5g\ .

j]bs'df/ vqLlhNnf sfo{qmd ;+of]hs,

df]/Ë

:yfgLo txsf lbbL alxgLnfO{ g]t[Tj txdf k'Ug ;xof]u k'u]sf] 5 . oxfFsf l;dflGts[t ;d'bfo /fO{, lnDa', z]kf{, blntx? ;lxtsf] nlIft ;d'bfosf dlxnfx?sf] Ifdtf clej[l4 eO{ n}lËs ah]6df kx'Fr :yfkgf ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . dlxnfsf nflu 5'6\ofpg] ah]6sf] ljifodf ;f]wk'5 ug'{sf ;fy} uflj; :t/sf ljsf; of]hgf ;DjlGw ultljlwx?df ;xefuL x'g yfn]sf 5g\ . /fhgLlts If]qdf cufl8 cfpgsf nflu cfocfh{gsf lqmofsnfkdf ;d]t dlxnfx? ;xefuL x'g yfn]sf 5g\ . uflj; :t/sf] 5nkmn a}7s :yfgLo ;/sf/ / lhNnf txdf ;]jf k|bfos sfof{nodf k|ToIf ;dGjo u/]/ sfd ug]{ x'gfn] pxfFx?n] dlxnfnfO{ 7fp lbg k|ltj4tf hgfO /x]sf 5g\ . dlxnfx? cfkm'nfO{ ;d:of k/]sf lIfIff, :jf:Yo, s[lif If]qsf lhNnf :t/sf ;/f]sf/afn ;+u k|ToIf ;/f]sf/ /fVg kfPsf 5g\ h;sf sf/0f dlxnfn] klg nflu k/] s]xL ug{ ;lsg] /x]5 eGg] dgf]an a9]sf] 5 . /fhgLlts bnsf lhNnf :t/sf g]tfx? ;+u cfkm\gf] ;d:ofsf af/]df eGg ;Sg] ePsf 5g\ . pgLx? /fhgLlts bn;+u ;b:otf / :yfg lbgsf] nflu bjfj lbg / ;xefuL x'g yfn]sf 5g\ . uflj; :t/sf ljsf; sfo{qmddf k|ToIf ;xefuL x'g yfn]sf 5g\ . :yfgLo ;d"xdf /x]sf lbbL alxgLx?sf] ;f]rdf kl/jt{g eO{ klxnf

/fhgLlts ljifodf s'g} rf;f] gx'g]x? klg /fhgLlt ug'{kg]{ /x]5 eGg yfn]sf 5g\ / /fhgLlts bnsf] ;b:otf lng yfn]sf 5g\ . dlxnfnfO{ dfq ;d"xdf /fv]/ sfd ul//x]sf] xfnsf] cj:yfdf k'?ifsf] klg ;xeflutfsf] vfFrf] dxz'; ePsf] 5 . b'a}nfO{ ;r]t u/fpg kfP dfq dlxnfsf d'4fdf k'?ifn] ;xof]u ug]{ / ;dfh ljsf;sf] k"jf{wf/ tof/ x'g] b]lvG5 . k'?ifx?df klg s]xL dfqfdf kl/jt{g cfO dlxnfnfO{ o:tf ;r]tfgf ;lxt Ifdtf clej[l4 / cfocfh{g ;lDjlGw sfo{qmddf k7fpg yfn]sf 5g\ . sfo{qmdsf af/]df dlxnf / k'?if b'a}nfO{ a'emfPdf dlxnfnfO{ aflx/ cfP/ sfd ug{ ;xof]u k'Ug] ePsf]n] k'?ifnfO{ ;d]t ;r]t ug]{ lsl;dsf sfd ug'{kg]{ cfjZoftf dxz'; ePsf] 5 / o; sfo{qmdn] @)!* ;Dddf o:fsf] kl/0ffd b]Vg] ;kgf b]v]sf] 5 .

lw/dfof Ohd,pkfWoIf, g]kfn dlxnf pBdL ;+3,

tfKn]h'Ë

xfn ;Dd s;}n] klg ;+rfng gu/]sf] gf}nf] kl/of]hgfsf] ?kdf cfPsf] 5 . l;dflGts[t ;d'bfosf dlxnfnfO{ Tof] 7fpdf Nofpgsf nflu sfd ul//x]sf 5f} . kl/of]hgf cGt{utsf ;d'xsf dlxnfx?dWo] xfn;Dd !# hgfn] kf6L{sf] ;b:otf k|fKt u/]sf, $ hgfn] kf6L{sf] lj|mofzLn ;b:otfsf] nfuL lgj]bg lbPsf, Ps hgf kf6L{sf] ;fwf/0f ;b:o jf6 gu/ sldl6sf] sf]iffWoIf x'g ;kmn, Ps hgf kf6L{sf] ;fwf/0f ;b:o af6 If]lqo sldl6sf] ;b:o x'g ;kmn x'g'ePsf] 5 . To;}u/L g]kfn ;/sf/n] clgjfo{ j8f gful/s d~rsf] ;+of]hs dlxnf x'g'kg]{ Joj:yf ePklg x'g' ePsf] lyPg t/ ;+rfgn kZrft !! hgf dlxnf pQm ;ldltsf] ;+of]hssf] ?kdf /xg' ePsf] 5 . Ps hgf uflj;sf] of]hgf ;ldltsf] ;b:o, #hgf laBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] cWoIf / * hgf ;b:o, # hgf ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] kbflwsf/L, !pkef]Stf ;ldlt sf] cWoIf ljleGg sfo{j|md dfkm{t /fhgLlts bnx?af6 ;dfg ;xeflutfsf] nflu lnlvt k|lta4tf hgfO;s]sf] cj:yf 5 . oL ;a} kl/of]hgfsf] b]g xf] . kl/of]hgf ;+rfng ePsf ;d'bfosf dlxnfn] clwsf/ lnO g]t[Tj txdf k'lu;s]sf 5g\ . cfkm' g]t[Tjdf s;/L hfg] eGg] ;f]Rg yfn]sf / sltko sldl6sf] g]t[Tj ;d]t ug{ nflu ;s]sf 5g\ t sf]xL dhsf]{ ul//x]sf 5g\ . tfhk'l/of, p/fp, qm[lifb]j, /fhgj+zL ;tf/, ;Gyfn h:tf hfltx? kl/of]hgfsf nflIft ;d'bfodf kb{5g\ . b]zsf] o:tf] eofjx cj:yfdf dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf emg cfjZos 5 . b]zdf ;'zf;g sfod ub}{ kl/jft{gnfO{ lg0ff{os 7fpdf k'/\ofpg dlxnfx?sf] 7"nf] of]ubfg /xg] 5 / ul//x]sf klg 5g\ .

azGt nIdL pbf; cWoIf,u|fdL0f tyf zx/L ljsf;

g]kfn, emfkf

kl/o

f]hgf s

fo{Gjog

pkn

AwL

hfu/)f cleofg 25

/fO{, lnDa', p/fp, dfemL, n]Krf, du/, u'?Ë, /fha+zL nufotsf l;dflGts[t ;d'bfosf nlIft ju{x?sfnfO{ ;d]6]/ of] kl/of]hgf ;+rfng ul/Psf] 5 . l;dflGts[tsf] cj:yf b'O{ kf6f]af6 x]g{ ;lsG5 . aflx/af6 ;/{;tL{ x]bf{ pgLx?sf] cj:yf ;an b]lvP klg leqL kf6f] bogLo /x]sf] 5 . cfly{s ljkGgtfsf] cj:yf bogL /x]sf] 5 eg] >f]tdf kx'Fr gfh's ePsf] cj:yf 5 . ;]jf / kx'Frsf] ;Gbe{df cj:yf cem} gfh's b]lvG5 . /fhgLltdf pgLx?nfO{ ;xefuL ul/Psf] 5}g dfq ef]6 a}Ísf] ?kdf k|of]u ePsf] lyof] eg] xfn lj:tf/} o;df kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5 . dlxnfnfO{ klg /fhgLltdf ;xefuL u/fpg' kg]{ /x]5 eGg] ljrf/ /fhgLlt sdL{ / bnx?sf] cfPsf] 5 . Ifdtf clej[l4, ;zlQms/0fsf tflnd, a}7s, 5nkmn, ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ h:tf sfo{qmdsf dfWodåf/f dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf s]xL dfqdf a9]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . x/]s /fhgLlts bnn] cfkm\gf] kf6L{leqsf l;dflGts[t ;d'bfosf] nflu ePsf Joj:yf s] s:tf 5g\ / To;sf] ;b'kof]usf nflu s:tf sfo{qmd ;+rfng ePsf 5g\ . To; ljifodf rf;f] /fVg / To;sf] sfo{Gjog ug{ dlxnfnfO{ cufl8 ;fg{ yfn]sf 5g\ . sfo{qmds} k|efjn] :yfgLo txdf dlxnf ;xeflutf a9\g yfn]sf]] 5 . dlxnfx?sf] lqmoflzntf a9]sf], nlIft ;d'bfosf dlxnfx? nfelGjt eO{ dlxnf ;xeflutfsf ;jfndf k|Zg ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . bnx?n]] ;dfj]zL rl/qnfO{ d'ndGqsf] ?kfdf cufl8 ;fg]{ k|d'v sfo{gLlt lnO{ cufl8 a9]sf 5g\ . ;d'bfosf dflg;x? >f]tdf kx'Frsf s'/f /fVg], ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldlt / nlIft ah]6sf af/]df ;jfn p7fpg yfn]sf 5g\ . :yfgLo lgsfosf uflj; ;lrj / lhlj;sf] of]hgf clws[t ;d]t k|efljt eO{ lhNnf txdf >f]tsf] jfF8kmfF8df ;d]t ;xefuL x'g] df}sf kfpg yfn]sf 5g\ . lg0fo{ ug]{ txdf ha dlxnf k'Ug ;Sb}gg\ sfo{Gjog k|efjsf/L x'b}g eGg] dxz'; eO{ ;a} :yfgdf dlxnfx?nfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg yflnPsf] 5 .

df]xg l;+x yf]j], cWoIf, dfgjclwsf/ d~r, Onfd

kfFry/ lhNnfsf ljleGg txsf !%) hgf dlxnfx? kl/of]hgf af6 k|ToIf nfeflGjt ePsf 5g\ . dlxnfx?sf] ;xeflutf dfq geO{ ;+nUgtfdf g} hf]8 lbPsf 5f} . xfd|f] k|lzIf0f af6 pTk|]l/t eO ljleGg lgsfosf kbflws/Lx?df dlxnfx? 5gf}6 eO{ ;Sg' uPsf] 5 . pkef]Qm ;ldlt, ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldt, j8f gful/s d~r, uflj; :t/sf ljleGg ;ldltx?df ;+of]hssf] ?kdf sfd ug{ yfNg' ePsf]5 . dlxnfnfO{ g]Tf[Tjdf Nofpgsf] nflu clxn] # lsl;dsf] sfd ub{5f} . klxnf] #÷# dlxgfdf dlxnfsf] l:ylt ljZnf]]if0f ug{sf nflu a}7s ub{5f} / To;df s] s] l/Qmtf /x]sf 5g\ To;sf af/]df 5nkmn u/L To;nfO{ ;+af]wg ug]{ lx;fjn] lhNnf txdf k}/JfL jsfnt ug]{ sfd ePsf] 5 . xfdLn] u7g u/]sf ;d"xsf dlxnfx? /fhgLlts bndf cfj4 x'g'x'G5 eg] pxfF ;Dj4 bn;+u lg0ff{os txdf ;xeflutfsf nflu s'/f ub{5f} . :yfgLo txsf] s'g} lgsfodf x'g'x'G5 eg] ToxL lgsfo ;+u pxfFsf] nflu s] s:tf] jftfj/0f tof/ ug'{kb{5 ToxfF ;3fpb5f} . ljBfno Jojyfkg ;ldltsf] cWoIf kbdf, j8f gful/s d~rsf] ;+of]hg kbdf ;+of]hs jf lg0ff{os txdf k'Ug] u/L ;r]tgf tyf jsfntsf sfd ul//x]sf 5f} . g]t[Tj ljsf;sf] nflu ;+rfng ePsf tflndx?af6 dlxnfx?sf] ;zlQms/0f eO{ ljleGg lgsfox?df ;xeflux'g k|of; ul//xg' ePsf] 5 . kf6{f{] sld6Ldf gk'u]sf dlxnfx?sf] nflu ToxfF k'Ugsf] nflu jsfnt ub{5f}+ /

jftfj/0f tof/ ug{ ;DjlGwt 7fpdf nlj ub{5f} h;sf dfWodaf6 dlxnfx? kf6L{ sldl6df k'Ug xf};nf ldn]sf] 5 . ufp txsf ljleGg sldl6df cfj4 dlxnfnfO{ lhNnf txsf sldl6x?df /fVgsf] nflu k|]l/t ub}{ w]/} dlxnfx?nfO{ ;+u7Lt ug{ / /fhgLlts bndf cfj4x'g ;xof]u ul//x]sf 5f} . cfufdL :yfgLo lgjf{rgdf s'g} g s'g} kbdf lgjf{lrt u/fpg of]Uo agfpg]] kl/of]hgfsf] rfxgf xf] To;sf] tof/L eO/x]sf] 5 . dlxnf ;xeflutf a[l4 ug{sf] nflu k'?ifsf] ;xof]usf] cfjZostf Toltg} /xg] / k'?if ;xeflutf r'gf}ltk"0f{ /x]sf] 5 . ljleGg sfo{qmd dfkm{t k'?ifx?nfO{ k/fdz{ kZrft dlxnfnfO{ k7fpg yfNg' x'G5 eGf] csf{] kf6f] rfxL tflnd, uf]i7Lx?, ;fj{hlgs ;'gjfO{, ;fj{hlgs a}7sx?df dlxnf / k'?ifnfO{ g} ;xefuL ug]{ /0fgLlt ckgfPsf 5f} . h;n] ubf{ n}Ës lx+;f Go"lgs/0f ug{ ;xof]u k'/\ofpsf] 5 .

k|]d cf]emf, lhNnf kl/of]hgf ;+of]hs, kfFry/

dlxnfx? :yfgLo txb]lv hfu?s ePsf] cj:yf 5 . nlIft ;d'bfo /fhgLltdf cufl8 a9]sf] 5 eg] cGo ;d'bfosf dlxnfnfO{ pTk|]/0ff a9]sf] 5 . l;dflGts[t ;d'bfosf dlxnf k5fl8 k/]sf], cfly{s l:yltdf kx'Fr geosf] cj:yfdf of] kl/of]hgfn] ljleGg lsl;dsf tflnd af6 pTk|]/0ff lbO{ s[lif ;d'x, kz' ;d'x u7g u/L lhNnf s[lif kz' sfof{noaf6 ;dGjo u/L sfd ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . :yfgLo dlxnfx?n] cfocfh{gsf sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ yfNg'sf ;fy} cfTdf lge{/ eP/ sfd ug]{ ljZjf; a9]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . kl/of]hgfsf] afFsL] b'O{ jif{sf] cjlwsf] sfo{qmd kl5 o; ;d'bfosf dlxnfx?n] xfdLnfO{ ;d]t g]t[Tj ug]{ cfzf lnPsf 5f} .

kl/of]hgf s

fo{Gjog pkn

AwL

26 hfu/)f cleofg

Hffu/0f g]kfnsf ultljlwx?M -d'Vo sfo{If]qx?_

!=gLlt lg0f{o / ;'zf;gdf dlxnfsf] ;dfg ;xeflutf

hfu/0f g]kfnn] /fHo / k|d'v /fhgLlts bnsf gLltx?df n}lËs ;dfgtfsf] cj:yf hfgsf/L tyf cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/ tyf k|d'v /fhgLlts bnx?sf lgod, sfg"g tyf n}lËs ;dfgtf / ;fdflhs ;dfj]lzs/0f gLltx?sf] cj:yf tyf To;sf] sfof{Gjog kIfsf] cWoog k'g/fanf]sg u/L pQm k|ltj]bgsf] ;fj{hlgs/0f ug{ tyf ;DjlGwt ;/f]sf/afnf lgsfosf k|ltlglwx?, aLr 5nkmn u/L cfPsf ;'emfj ;+sng ;lxt o; cWoognfO{ k"0f{tf lbg] p2]Zon] pQm sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] xf] . ;f] cj;/df /fHo / k|d'v /fhgLlts bnsf gLltx?df n}lËs ;dfgtfsf] cj:yfsf af/]df sfo{kq k|:t't ub}{ cg';Gwfgstf{ ldng w/]nn]] /fhgLlts bnx?sf] g]t[Tj txdf dlxnf ;xeflutf @) k|ltztaf6 dfly p7\g g;s]sf], sltko bndf t !% k|ltzteGbf klg sd /x]sf], dlxnf ;+u7g afx]ssf /fhgLlts bnsf eft[ ;+u7gx?dWo] s]xL ;+u7gx?df dlxnf g} k|d'v g]t[Tjdf /x] klg eft[ ;+u7gsf] g]t[Tjdf !)b]lv !% k|ltzt dfq g]t[Tj txdf /x]sf kfOPsf] hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . To;}u/L sd{rf/LtGq tyf k|zf;g Aoj:yfdf klg dlxnf ;xeflutf Go'g /x]sf], lghfdtL If]qdf !( k|ltzt, /fhkq c+lst sd{rf/Lx?df ( k|ltzt /x]sf], k|yd / l4tLo >]0fLsf clws[t :t/sf sd{rf/Ldf % k|ltzt, g]kfn k|x/Lsf] ;+u7gdf ̂ k|ltzt dfq dlxnf /x]sf] cWoogn] b]vfPsf] 5 . ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf dxf;+3, vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO dxf;+3x?df eg] %) k|ltztsf] xf/fxfl/df dlxnf /x]sf], :yfgLo j8f gful/s d~rx?df ## b]lv %) k|ltzt, j8f gful/s d~rx?df %) k|ltzt /x]klg zx/L If]qdf eg] #* k|ltzt dfq /x]sf] hfgsf/L lbb} oBlk lg0ff{os txdf eg] k'?if g]t[Tjsf] lg0f{o g} k|efjzfnL x'g] u/]sf] cWofogn] b]vfPsf] hfgsf/L w/]nn] lbg'ePsf] lyof] . pQmsfo{qmddf dlxnf, afnaflnsf, Ho]i7 gful/s tyf ;dfh sNof0f ;ldltsf ;efklt /~h' emfn] /fhgLlts bnx?n] k'?if g]tfx?nfO{ ljleGg lhDd]jf/L ;'Dk]klg dlxnf g]tfnfO{ Pp6} kbdf dfq l;ldt ug]{ u/]sf] u'gf;f] ug'{eof] . g]kfnL sf+u|];sf ;f+;b sdnf kGtn] /fi6«klt ljBfb]jL e08f/L, ;efd'v cf]g;/L 3tL{ / k|wfgGofoflwz z'zLnf sfsL{nfO{ ;d]t ;lDdlnt ul/ dlxnf ;xeflutfsf

dlxnfsf] ;dfj]zL ;xeflutfsf ;jfndf cfkm\gf ljrf/x/ /fVb} dlxnf,afnaflnsf, Ho]i7 gful/s tyf ;dfhaNof0f ;ldltsf

;efklt /~h's'df/L emf

hfu/0f g]k

fnsf ultljlwx

?

/fHo / k|d'v /fhgLlts bnsf gLltx?df n}lËs ;dfgtfsf] cj:yf hfgsf/L tyf cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd ;DkGg

ljifonfO{ ax;df Nofpg'kg]{df hf]8 lbg'eof] . sfo{qmddf af]Nb} dfcf]jfbL s]G›sf ;f+;b tyf cg]d ;+3 qmflGtsf/Lsf k"j{ ;+of]hs wd{lznf rfkfufO{+n] :yfgLo :t/af6 dlxnfsf] g]t[Tj ljsf; ug{ cfjZos /x]sf] atfpg'eof] eg] csf{ jQm tdnf]kfsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o rGbf rf}w/Ln] /fhgLlt bnsf 3f]if0ffkq ;xeflutfsf lx;fjn] /fd|f eP klg sfuhdf dfq l;ldt ePsf]n] To;nfO{ Jojxf/df nfu' ug{ k|of; ug{'kg]{ ;'emfpg'eof] . cGo u}/ ;/sf/L If]q tyf ;fdflhs ;+3 ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx?n] ;fdflhs ;+3;+:yfsf] g]t[Tjdf dlxnf k'u] klg /fhgLlts g]t[Tjdf k'Ug g;s]sf] atfpb} /fhgLlts If]q / To;sf] klg lg0ff{os :yfgdf dlxnfnfO{ ;xefuL u/fO{ ;+ljwffgd} Joj:yf ePsf] slDtdf ## k|ltzt dlxnf ;xefuLsf] Joj:yf ;'lglZrt ug'{kg]{df hf]8 lbg'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmd cfof]hs hfu/0f g]kfnsf tkm{af6 cWoIf zdL{nf sfsL{n] /fHosf k|To]s lgsfodf n}lËs ;dfgtf sfod ug{ / cfˆgf] xssf] nflu lg/Gt/ nfUg ;a} dlxnfnfO{ cfu|x ug{'eof] .

hfu/)f cleofg 27

kl/of]hgfsf] jflif{s pknAwL, l;sfO{ / r'gf}tL M hfgsf/L tyf 5nkmn sfo{qmd ;DkGg

dlxnf clwsf/, zflGt / ;'zf;gsf] nflu sfo{ ul//x]sf] ;+:yf hfu/0f g]kfnn] dlxnfx? ljz]ifu/L l;dflGts[t ;d'bfosf] yflgo ;'zf;g,lgjf{rg, lg0ff{os tx / /fhgLltdf ;xeflutf ;jnLs/0f sfo{qmd cGt/ut ;d'bfo tyf nlIft ju{df kf/]sf] ;sf/fTds k|efj, l;sfO, r'gf}tL / efjL sfo{lbzf ;/f]sf/jfnfx? ;dIf /fvL dxTjk"0f{ ;'emfj lng] p2]Zon] sf7df08f}+df Ps /fli6«o :t/sf] 5nkmn sfo{qmd cfof]hgf u/\of] .

pQm cj;/df /fhgLlts bnsf k|d'v g]tfx?, k"j{ ;ef;b\, gful/s ;dfh, bft[ lgsfo, ;fem]bf/ ;+:yf tyf kqsf/x?sf] pNn]Vo ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . hfu/0f g]kfnsf gjljf{lrt cWoIf ;Demgf kf]v/]nsf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg sfo{qmddf kl/of]hgfsf] cjlwdf k|fKt u/]sf] d'Vo pknlJwx?, r'gf}tL, ;d:of / cfufdL sfo{lbzfaf/] /fli6«o kl/of]hgfsf ;+of]hs lbks a:ofnn] hfgsf/L u/fpb} /fhgLltdf dlxnf ;xeflutf k|lt rf;f] a9\b} uPsf]] jflif{s ;ldIff sfo{qmdn] b]vfPsf] ;Gbe{df s]G› b]lv :yfgLo tx ;Dd /fhgLlt nufot cGo lgsfodf dlxnf ;xeflutf k|lt rf;f] a9]sf] t/ laleGg r'gf}lt / Aoa:yfn] kof{Kt ca;/ eg] gkfPsf] kl/of]hgfsf] l;sfO{ /x]sf] hfgsf/L lbg''eof] .

sfo{qmdsf ;xefuLx?n] dxfgu/kflnsf, pkdxfgu/kflnsf, gu/kflnsf, ufla;, 6f]n;'wf/ ;ldlt, pkef]Qmf ;ldlt nufotsf laleGg 7fpdf klg dlxnfsf] ;eflutf lautsf] t'ngfdf pT;fxhgs ?kdf a9]sf] / :yfgLo lgsfosf] lgaf{rg ;do ;dodf ePsf] eP w]/} dlxnfx?sf] :yfgLo lgsfosf lhDd]af/ 7fpdf lg0ff{os ;xeflutf x'g] ljrf/ /fVb} /fhgLlts bnsf dlxnf

g]tfx?n]] cfly{s ?kdf ;Ifd geP ;Dd dlxnf /fhgLlts lx;fan] cl3 a9\g g;Sg] atfPsf lyP . pQm sfo{qmddf af]Nb} lgjf{rg cfof]usf ;lrj, dlxnf g]tf, :yfgLo lgsfosf k|ltlglwnufotn] s]G› b]lv ufpF tx;Dd dlxnf g]tf cfly{s ?kn] alnof] x'g'kg]{df hf]8 lbPsf x'g\ . cGo ;xefuLx?n] ;du| /fhgLltdf dlxnfsf] cy{k"0f{ ;dfj]zL ;xeflutfsf] nflu hfu/0f g]kfn h:tf ;fdflhs ;+:yfx?n] cfufdL lbgdf lng'kg]{ e"ldsf tyf kxnsf] af/] ;'emfj lbg'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf pkl:yt k'?if g]t[Tjx?n] dlxnfsf] /fhgLlts ;dfj]zL ;xefuLtfsf nflu cf–cfkmgf] kf6L{df kxn ug]{ k|ltj4tf JoQm ug'{ePsf] lyof] ;fy} pxfFx?n] hfu/0f g]kfnn] ;+rfng u/]sf] o; cleofgdf ;oxf]u ug{ cGo ;DjlGwt ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox?nfO{ klg cfu|x ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

hfu/0f g]kfnsL cWoIf ;Demgf kf]v|]nsf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg sfo{qmdf lgjt{dfg cWoIf zld{nf sfsL{n] hfu/0f g]kfnn] /fhgLltdf dlxnf ;xeflutfsf If]qdf sfd ug]{ cu|0fL ;+:yfsf] ?kdf :yflkt ePsf] / xfn ;Dd klg lg/Gt/ lqmoflzn /x]sf] ljrf/ /fVg' ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf lgaf{rg cfof]us ;lra uf]kLgfy d}gfnL nufot cGo ;/sf/L lgsfosf k|ltlglwx?, /fhgLlts bnsf elugL ;+u7gsf k|ltlglw, u}/ ;/sf/L lgsfosf k|ltlglwx?, gful/s ;dfh, kqsf/ tyf o; If]qdf sfo{/t ;+3 ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx?n] dlxnfsf] ;dfj]zL ;xeflutfsf nflu hf]8 lbb} lhDd]af/ 7fpFdf dlxnfx?sf] ;xeflutfsf dfq} geO{ lg0ff{os ;xeflutfsf nflu ;Dk"0f{ /fHosf lgsfox?, /fhgLlts bnx? / cGo ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox?n] k|fyldstf lbg'kg]{ ljrf/ /fVg'eof] .

sfo{qmddf cfkm\gf ljrf/x? /fVb} lgjf{rg cfof]usf ;lrj uf]kLgfy d}gfnL

hfu/0f g]kfn

sf ultljlwx?

28 hfu/)f cleofg

SMARCO kl/of]hgfsf] jflif{s ;dLIff tyf of]hgf j}7s ;DkGg

hfu/0f g]kfnn] ljBdfg ;dfhdf /x]sf ljs[tL, lj;+ultx?sf] cGTo ub}{ dlxnfx?sf] :yfgLo ;';fzg, lgjf{rg, g]t[Tj tx / /fhgLltdf ;xeflutfsf] kIfdf lg/Gt/ jsfnt ;lxt dlxnfx?sf] /fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrttfsf nflu eg]{G; km]l;lnl6sf] cfly{s ;xof]udf ædlxnfx? ljz]if u/L l;dfGts[t ;d"bfosf] :yfgLo ;'zf;g, lgjf{rg, lg0ff{os tx / /fhgLltdf ;xeflutf ;jlns/0f kl/of]hgf Æ @)&# ;fn d+l;/ af6 ;+rfng ul//x]sf] 5 .

lhNnf ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfx? dfgj clwsf/ r]tgf / lasf; s]Gb| (HUCODEC Nepal) kfFry/, dfgj clwsf/ d~r g]kfn (HURF) Onfd ,g]kfn dlxnf pBdL ;+3 (NWEA) tfKn]h'Ë ,u|fdL0f tyf zx/L ljsf; g]kfn (RUD Nepal) emfkf ;lxtsf] ;xsfo{df ljleGg ^ lhNnfx?df pQm sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/Psf] 5 . kl/of]hgfsf lhNnf / s]Gb|Lo :t/sf sd{rf/Lx? aLr Ps jif{ ;Ddsf pknlAwx? r'gf}tL tyf l;sfO{ ;lxt cfufdL jif{sf nflu jflif{s of]hgf to ug]{ ;DjGwdf 5nkmn ug{sf] nflu b'O{ lbg] jflif{s ;dLIff tyf of]hgf a}7s sf7df08f}+df ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .

kl/of]hgf ;+rfng ePsf 5 a6} lhNnf -tfKn]h'Ë, kfFry/, Onfd, emfkf, df]/Ë / sfe]|_df ePsf ultljlw, pknAwL, r'gf}tL / l;sfO{sf af/]df k|To]s lhNnfsf lhNnf kl/of]hgf ;+of]hsn] k|:t't ug'{ePsf] k|ltj]bg dfly lj:t[t 5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] . ;f] cj;/df hfu/0f g]kfnsf Joj:yfks dLgf lji6n] kl/of]hgfnfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;+rfng ug{ x/avt nflu kg'{ ePsf ;Dk"0f{ sd{rf/L / ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfnfO{ wGojfb 1fkg ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . o:tf lsl;dsf a}7sx? lhNnf txdf klg ;+rfng ug'{ kg]{ / o;n] kl/of]hgfsf] jf:tljs cj:yf yfxfkfpg ;xof]uL x'g] ljrf/ JoSt ug'{eof] . /fli6«o kl/of]hgf ;+of]hs lbks a:ofnn] s]Gb|Lo :t/af6 hfu/0f g]kfnn] kl/of]hgfsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjgsf nflu lg/Gt/ ;xof]u / ;dGjo ul//xg] k|ltj4tf hgfpb} cfufdL lbgdf cem k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogdf b[9 eP/ nfUg'kg]{ ljrf/ /fVg'' ePsf] lyof] . pQm a}7sdf ^ lhNnfsf lhNnf / s]Gb|df sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx? / hfu/0f g]kfnsf kbflwsf/Lx?, ueg]{G; km]l;lnl6sf k|ltlglw ;lxtsf] pkl:ytL /x]sf] lyof] .

sfo{qmdsf] nIo tyf p2]Zo dfly k|sfz kfb}{ /fli6«o kl/of]hgf ;+of]hs lbks a:ofn ;fydf lhNnf ;fem]bf/

;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx?

/fHosf lgsfodf dlxnf ;xeflutfsf nflu jsfnt sfo{qmd ;DkGg

g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)&@ n] /fHosf ;Dk"0f{ lgsfodf dlxnfsf] slDtdf ## k|ltzt, k|b]z ;efdf ## / :yfgLo lgsfodf $) k|ltzt ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ul/;s]sf] cj:yfdf aGg nfu]sf] gofF dGqL d08n ;lxt s'6gLlts lgof]u tyf ;+a}wflgs cfof]ux?df slDtdf ## k|ltzt dlxnf ;xeflutfsf] ;'lglZrttfsf nflu hfu/0f g]kfnsf] ;+of]hg tyf dlxnf ;'/Iff bjfj ;d"x, /fhgLltdf dlxnfsf] ;dfg'kflts ;xeflutfsf] ;'lglZrttfsf nflu ;femf cleofg, gLlt jsfntsf nflu dlxnf ;+hfn -ljkf_ sf] ;xeflutfdf g]skf dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf cWoIf k'iksdn bfxfn -k|r08_ tyf g]kfnL sf+u|];sf ;efklt z]/axfb'/ b]pjfnfO{ 1fkg kq x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] 5 .

o;} qmddf cGt/kf6L{ dlxnf ;+hfn / u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx?sf] ;xeflutfdf ;+a}wflgs lgsfox?, s'6gLlts lgof]s tyf dGqL d08n nufPtsf :yfgdf slDtdf ##

gofF dGqLd08ndf slDtdf ## k|ltzt dlxnf ;xeflutfsf nflu bjfj lbg /0fgLlt to ub}{

hfu/0f g]kfnsf cWoIf zdL{nf sfsL{

hfu/0f g]k

fnsf ultljlwx

?

hfu/)f cleofg 29

dlxnf ;xeflutf ;DaGwL ;+a}wflgs Joj:yf / sfof{Gjogsf] r'gf}tL ljifos cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd ;DkGg

n}lËs lx+;f lj?4sf] !^ lbg] cleofgsf] cj;/sf hfu/0f g]kfn / gLlt jsfntsf nflu dlxnf ;+hfnsf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf dlxnf ;xeflutf ;DaGwL ;+a}wflgs Joj:yf / sfof{Gjogsf] r'gf}tL ljifos cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] . /fhgLlts bnsf eft[ tyf elugL ;+u7gsf kbflwsf/Lx?, Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf ;b:ox?, gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx?, ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yfsf k|ltlglw, kqsf/, d]gOGu]h PnfO{G;sf k|ltlglwsx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . ljifo lj1 ls/0f rfln;]n] pQm ljifodf sfo{kq k|:t't ub}{ blIf0f Pl;ofd} g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg k|ultlzn eP klg ;+ljwfg d} Joj:yf ePsf] dlxnfsf] slDtdf ## k|ltzt ;xeflutfsf] sfof{Gjogdf /fHo / /fhgLlts bnn] b]vfPsf]] pbfl;gtfg} dlxnf ;xeflutf gx'gsf] d'Vo sf/s tTj /x]sf] / ;+ljwfgnfO{ cfkm\gf] cg's'n x'g]u/L ul/Psf] JofVof g} sfof{Gjog x'g glbg] d'Vo r'gf}tL /x]sf] cf}Nofpg' eof] .

;f] cj;/df dlxnf g]tfx? hgs rfn;], sfGtf e6\6/fO{, l;tf kf]v/]n nufPtsf cGo dlxnf g]tfx?n] cfkm'x?nfO{ hGdynf] / laafx u/]kl5sf] e"uf]n b'a}nfO{ /fhgLlts If]q agfpg sl7g ePsf] atfPsf 5g\ . ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] sdLn] /fhgLlts bnsf a}7sx? ;fFemdf a:g] / cfkm'x? ;fd]n x'g g;Sg] atfpg' eof] . kfl6{leq cGt/ ;+Ëif{ u/]df dfq} cl3 a9\g'kg]{ afWotf /x]sf] ljrf/ /fVg'ePsf] lyof] . pxfFx?n] dlxnfnfO{ hGd]kl5 dfq geO{ ue{df x'Fbfb]lv g} 5f]/L dfly lje]b x'g] u/]sf] eGb} n}lËs lje]b cGTosf nflu ;r]tgfsf] cfjZos /x]sf] egfO{ /fVg' ePsf] lyof] . sfo{kq dfly g]skf dfn]sf kf]lnJo'/f] ;b:o hgs rfln;]n] l6Kk0fL /fVg' ePsf] lyof] .

sfo{qmdsf cGo ;xeflutx?n] dlxnfsf] ;dfg ;xeflutfsf] nflu u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] ;d]t dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /xg] x'Fbf bjfj d'ns ultljlwx? ;+rfng ug{ cu|x ug'{eof] . dlxnf ;xeflutfsf] jt{dfg cj:yf / ;+ljwfgn] Jojyf u/]sf gLltx?df sfof{Gjogsf] r'gf}tL s] s:tf /x]sf 5g\ / To;sf] ;fdfwfgsf pkfox? s] s] /x]sf 5g\ elg ;DjlGwt ;/f]sf/afnf lgsfox?df hfgsf/L lbg] p2]Zon] pQm sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm sfo{qmddf ;+:yfsf Joj:yfks dLgf lji6n] p2]Zo ;lxt cf}lrTodfly k|sfz kfg'{sf ;fy} sfo{qmdsf] ;xlhs/0f ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

sfo{qmdsf] cf}lrTodfly k|sfz kb}{ Joj:yfks dLgf lji6

hfu/0f g]kfn

sf ultljlwx?

k|ltzt ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ug{ ;/sf/nfO{ bjfj lbb} To;} cg'?ksf /0fgLltx? to ug{sf nflu ljleGg r/0fdf a}7s ;d]t ;DkGg eO;s]sf 5g\ . ljleGg /fhgLlts bnsf elugL ;+u7gsf dlxnfx? tyf cGt/kf6L{ dlxnf ;+hfnsf cWoIf k|ltef /f0ff ;lxt pkfWoIf ;fljqL e";fnn] clxn]sf] cj:yfdf dlxnf ;xeflutfsf ;DjGwdf ePsf] k|ult ljj/0f ;lxt casf lbgdf ug'{kg]{ bjfjd'ns ultljlwx?sf af/]df ljrf/ /fVg' ePsf] lyof] . a}7s tyf 5nkmn sfo{qmddf dlxnfx? Ps h'6 eO{ dlxnfsf] ;xeflutfsf nflu kxn ug'{kg]{ / To;sf] nflu cGt/kf6L{ dlxnf ;~hfnn] ;+of]hg ug]{ ljifodf ;xdt eO{ To;s} cfwf/df ultljlw ;+rfng ug{ dlxnf clwsf/sdL{{x? ;d]t ;xdt ePsf 5g\ . ;f] cj;/df u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] tkm{af6 hfu/0f g]kfnsf cWoIf zdL{nf sfsL{n] gfd eGbf kl/0ffd dxTjk"0f{ /xg] x'gfn] ;a} dlxnfx? dlxnfsf d'4fdf Ps h'6 eO{ sfd ug'{ pko'Qm x'g] ljrf/ /fVb} o;sf nflu s:tf s:tf sfd ug{ kb{5 To;sf] vfsf to ug'{ cfhsf] cfjZostf /x]sf] ljrf/ /fVg' eof] . a}7sdf gful/s ;dfhsf cGo ;+3 ;+:yfx? ;lxt dlxnf ;'/Iff bjfj ;d"x nufPtn] klg dlxnfsf] o; ;Gbe{df cf–cfkm\gf] wf/0ff /fVg' ePsf] lyof] . cGTodf /fHosf lgsfodf dlxnf ;xeflutfsf nflu Wofgfsif{0f ;lxt ljleGg jsfntsf nflu ;femf k|of;sf nflu gful/s ;dfh / /fhgLlts bn ;+u;+u} hfg] lg0f{o ;d]t ePsf] lyof] .

30 hfu/)f cleofg

gofF dGqLkl/ifbdf ## k|ltzt ;xeflutfsf nflu Wofgfsif{0f kq x:tfGt/0f

gofF dGqLkl/ifb\df slDtdf ## k|ltzt dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf x'g'kg]{df hf]8bf/ dfu ub}{ ;/sf/df ;xefuL x'g] 7"nf /fhgLlts bnx?nfO{ hfu/0f g]kfnsf] ;+of]hg tyf gLlt jsfntsf nflu dlxnf ;+hfn ljkfsf] ;xeflutfdf 1fkg kq x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] ;+3Lo / k|fb]lzs ;efdf dlxnfsf] slDtdf ## k|ltzt / :yfgLo lgsfodf $) k|ltzt ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ul/;s]sf] tyf df}lns xsdf …/fHosf ;a} lgsfodf ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf cfwf/df ;xeflu x'g] xs x'g]5Ú elgPsf] / %!=% k|ltzt hg;+Vof /x]sf] dlxnfsf] gLlt lgdf{0f txdf cToGt} Go"g ;xeflutf /x]sf] tYofÍx?n] k'li6 ul/;s]sf] tyf ljutsf dGqL d08ndf klg dlxnf ;xeflutf cToGt Go"g /xFb} cfPsf] / /fli6«o tyf cGt/fli6«o :t/df dlxnf ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ug]{ ;DaGwdf /fhgLlts bnx?af6 ljleGg ;dodf k|ltj4tf hfx]/ eO{ To;sf] sfof{Gjog egPsf] :d/0f u/fpb} pQm Wofgfsif{0f kq x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] xf] . pQm Wofgfsif{0f kqdf gLlt lgdf{0f txdf dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf geP;Dd dlxnf d}qL

sfg"g aGg g;Sg] / o;n] d'n'ssf] ljsf;df ;d]t gsf/fTds c;/ kfg]{ ePsf]n] /fHosf] k|d'v gLlt lgdf{0fsf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ d'Vo ynf] dGqLkl/ifb\df slDtdf ## k|ltzt dlxnf ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt x'g cfjZos eGb}} dGqLkl/ifb\n] lgo'Qm ug]{ ;j} lgsfo / ;+j}wflgs c+ux?df ;d]t slDtdf ## k|ltzt dlxnf ;xeflutf u/fpg cfu|x ul/Psf] lyof] . ljutsf 7"nf÷7"nf /fhgLlts kl/jt{gsf nflu dlxnfn] u/]sf] ct'ngLo of]ubfg / cfGbf]ngdf pgLx?sf] e"ldsfsf] klg :d/0f u/fpb} klxnf] ;+ljwfg;efdf ljZjsf ;fd' pbfx/0fLo ?kdf ## k|ltzt / bf]>f] ;+ljwfg ;efdf @(=( k|ltzt dlxnf ;xeflutf k'¥ofpgsf nflu nfUg'x'g] ;a} /fhgLlts bn, gLlt lgdf{tf, gful/s ;dfh, ;/sf/L tyf u}x|;/sf/L ;+3;:yf / ;j{;fwf/0f k|lt xflb{s s[t1tf ;d]t k|s6 ul/Psf] lyof] . /fHosf ul/dfdo tLg k|d'v kb -/fi6«klt, ;efd'v / k|wfg GofofwLz_ df dlxnf k'Ug' g]kfnL dlxnfsf] uf}/jsf] ljifo ePsf] / ljZj ;fd' pbfx/0fLo ?kdf /x]sf] of] pknAwLnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbO dGqLkl/ifb\;Fu} /fHosf ;a} lgsfodf slDtdf ## k|ltzt dlxnf ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt x'g'kg]{ hf]8bf/ dfu pQm 1fkgkqdf ul/Psf] lyof] . 1fkgkq u|x0f ub}{ g]skf dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf g]tf /fdaxfb'/ yfkfn] gful/s ;dfhsf dfu k|lt cfkm' / cfkm\gf] bn ;sf/fTds /x]sf] / To;sf] sfof{Gjogdf ;Sbf] nfUg] ljrf/ /fVg'ePsf] lyof] .

g]skf dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf g]tf /fdaxfb'/ yfkf afbnnfO{

gofF dlGqd08ndf slDtdf ## k|ltzt dlxnfsf] ;xeflutfsf nflu 1fkgkq x:tfGt/0f sfo{qmddf ;xefuL

x'b} hfu/0f g]kfn cWoIf zdL{nf sfsL{ ;lxt cGo ;+3 ;+:yfx? k|ltlglwx?

lhNnf ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfx?af6 ;/f]sf/afnf lgsfonfO{ 1fkgkq x:tfGt/0f

Hffu/0f g]kfnsf] cfof]hgfdf dlxnfclwsf/sf] If]qdf sfo{/t ;+:yf tyf laleGg /fhgLlts bnsf dlxnf g]t[x?sf] ;xeflutfdf ljleGg 5 lhNnf- tfKn]h'Ë, kfFry/, Onfd, emfkf, df]/Ë / sfe|]_df lhNnf :t/sf k|d'v /fhgLlts bn, lhNnfsf :jf:Yo, s[lif, lzIffsf k|d'vx?nfO{ 1fkg kq x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] 5 . lhNnf sldl6 nufot kf6L{ ;+/rgfsf ;Dk"0f{ tx / lgsfox?df slDtdf ## k|ltzt dlxnf ;xeflutf, lhNnfsf :jf:Yo, s[lif, lzIff sfof{nodf dlxnf ;xeflutf tyf dlxnfsf nflu lgwf{/0f u/]sf ;]jf ;'ljwfx? dlxnfn] g} kfpg' kg]{ ;'lglZrt ug{sf nflu Wofgfsif{0f u/fpb} kf6L{ tyf lhNnf :t/sf ;/sf/sf lgsfox?nfO{ dlxnfd'vL / ;dfj]zLgLltx? lgdf{0f u/L To;sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ug]{ sfo{sf nflu ;'emfj lbg] p2]Zon] pQm 1fkg kq x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] xf] .

1fkg kq x:tfGt/0f sfo{qmd kl5 g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf lhNnf k|ltlglw ;+u tl:j/ lvrfpb}–sfe|]

hfu/0f g]k

fnsf ultljlwx

?

hfu/)f cleofg 31

;f] cj;/df /fhgLlts bnx?df ljz]if u/L g]skf Pdfn], g]kfnL sf+u|];, g]skf dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|, dw]zL hgclwsf/ kmf]/d, ;+3Lo ;dfhafbL kf6L{, lnDa'jfg kf6L{sf lhNnf kf6L{ cWoIf, pkfWoIf tyf kbflwsf/x?nfO{ pQm 1fkgkq x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] 5 . ;a} /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx?n] lhNnf sld6L b]lv ufpF, j8f sld6Ldf ## k|ltzt dlxnf ;xeflutf ;'lgZlrtug]{ k|lta4tf ;lxt %) k|ltzt agfpg], o;sf] sfof{Gjog tyf /fHo ;+oGqsf ;a} lgsfodf ;dfj]zL dlxnf ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ug'{kg]{ dxTjk"0f{ ;jfn eg] afFsL g} /x]sf] eGb} To;sf nflu ;a} /fhgLlts bnx? tof/ ePsf] ljZjf; lbnfpg' eof] . lhNnf b]lv ufpF :t/ ;Ddsf ;a} sldl6x? lgdf{0fsf cGo lgsfo eGbf a9L ;dfa]zL u/fpg] laZjf; JoQm ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ljBdfg juL{o, hftLo, If]qLo, n}+lËs ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{sf nflu ;d]t dlxnfsf] ;dfg'kflts k|ltglwTj cfjZos x'g] eGb} ;xeflutfsf ;'lglZrt ug]{ k|ltj4tf bf]xf]/\ofpg' ePsf] lyof] .

;+a}wflgs lgsfodf slDtdf ## k|ltzt dlxnf ;xeflutfsf nflu kqsf/ ;Dd]ng ;DkGg

/fhgLltdf dlxnfsf] ;dfg ;xeflutf tyf ;+a}wflgs lgsfox?df slDtdf ## k|ltzt ;xefltufsf] dfu ;lxt gofF dGqL d08df slDtdf ## k|ltzt ;xeflutf u/fpgsf nflu /fhgLlts bnx?nfO{ bjfj lbgsf nflu hfu/0f g]kfnsf] ;+of]hg tyf dlxnf ;'/Iff bjfj ;d"x ;lxt dlxnf clwsf/sf] If]qdf sfo{/t ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx?sf] ;xeflutfdf kqsf/ ;Dd]ng ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . gLlt jsfntsf] Ps efusf ?kdf lg0ff{os txdf dlxnfsf] ;dfg ;xeflutf cleofg sfo{qmddf hfu/0f g]kfnsf] ;xeflutf tyf ;+rfl/sf ;d"x tyf dlxnf ;'/Iff bjfj ;d"x / cGo dlxnf clwsf/sf If]qdf sof{/t ;+:yfx?sf] ;xeflutfdf kqsf/ ;Dd]ngsf] cfof]hgf ul/of] . gofF dlGqkl/ifb\df dlxnfsf] slDtdf ## k|ltzt ;xeflutf u/fpgsf nflu /fhgLlts bnx?nfO{ bjfj lbgsf nflu pQm sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . ;+rfl/sf ;d"xsf] ;efxndf cfof]lht pQm sfo{qmddf kqsf/, ;+rf/ dfWoddf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx? tyf dlxnf clwsf/ sdL{x?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

pQm ;Dd]ngdf dlxnf clwsf/sdL{ dlxnfx?n] dlxnf ;xeflutfsf ;DjGwdf cf cfkm\gf ljrf/x? /fVg' ePsf] lyof] . hfu/0f g]kfnsf cWoIf tyf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf dxf;+3sf lgjt{dfg cWoIf zdL{nf sfsL{n] ;dfj]zL ;xeflutfsf nflu gofF dlGqd08ndf dlxnfsf] Go'gtd ## k|ltzt ;xeflutf u/fpg dfu ug'{ePsf] lyof] . To;}u/L cGo clwsf/sdL{ dlxnfx?n] ;+ljwfgsf] sfof{Gjog ug{sf nflu gofF dlGqd08n nufPt s'6gLlts lgof]u, Gofokflnsf ;+/rgf, sfo{sf/L ;+/rgf / Joj:yflksf ;+;bdf ## k|ltzt dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ug'{ kg]{df hf]8 lbg' ePsf] lyof] . ;a} ;+rf/ sdL{x? cfkm\gf] ;+rf/ dfWodx?af6 pQm ;jfnx? p7fg ug{ ;xdt ePsf lyP .

kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf af]Nb} hfu/0f g]kfnsf cWoIf zdL{nf sfsL{

s]Gb|Lo kl/of]hgf ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldltsf] a}7s ;DkGg

hfu/0f g]kfnsf cWoIf zdL{nf sfsL{sf] ;+of]hgdf dlxnfx? ljz]if u/L l;dflGts[t ;d'bfosf] :yfgLo ;'zf;g, lgjf{rg, lg0ff{os tx / /fhgLltdf ;xeflutf ;jlns/0f (SMARCO) kl/of]ghfsf] s]Gb|Lo kl/of]hgf ;Nfxsf/ ;ldltsf] b]>f] / t]>f] a}7s ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . a}7sdf /fli6«o kl/of]hgf ;+of]hs lbksk|;fb a:ofnn] sfo{qmdsf ;xefuLx?nfO{ :jfut ug'{ePsf] lyof] . cWoIf sfsL{n] a}7ssf] p2]Zodfly k|sfz kfb}{ kl/of]hgf ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldltaf6 kl/of]hgf ;+rfng ug{ /rgfTds ;Nnfx ;'emfj k|fKt x'g] ljrf/ /fVg' ePsf] lyof] . ;f] cj;/df /fli6«o kl/of]hgf ;+of]hs lbksk|;fb a:ofnn] ;DkGg ePsf ultljlw To;sf pknAwLsf af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg' ePsf] lyof] . t]>f] ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldltsf] a}7sdf kl/of]hgfsf jflif{s pknAwLsf af/]df ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldltsf ;b:ox?nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpb} cfufdL bf]>f] jif{sf ultljlw cem k|efjsf/L 9+un] ;DkGg ug{sf nflu ;xof]usf] ;d]t ck]Iff ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ;Nnfxsf/x?af6 kl/of]hgfsf pknAwLn] cfkm"x? k|efljt ePsf] eGb} x/]s If]qdf dlxnf ;xeflutf tyf n}lus lx+;f cGTo ug{sf nflu k'?ifx?sf] e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{ x'g] x'gfn] sfo{qmddf k'?ifx?nfO{ klg ;r]tgf ug]{ lsl;dsf sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug'{kg]{ ljrf/ /fVg' ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] cem k|efjsf/Ltfsf nflu gofF cjwf/0fsf] k|of]u ;d]t ug{ ;lsg] eGb} cfkm'x? kl/of]hgf sfo{Gjogdf cfOkg]{ sl7gfOnfO{ lgjf/0fsf ;Sbf] nflukg]{ ljrf/ /fVg' ePsf] lyof] .

hfu/0f g]kfn

sf ultljlwx?

32 hfu/)f cleofg

uflj; :t/Lo q}dfl;s a}7s ;DkGg

dlxnfx? ljz]ifu/L l;dfGts[t ;d'bfosf] :yfgLo ;'zf;g, lgjf{rg, lg0ff{os tx / /fhgLltdf ;xeflutf ;jlns/0f kl/of]hgf cGt/ut kl/of]hgf ;+rfng ePsf ̂ lhNnf -tfKn]h'Ë, kfFry/, Onfd, emfkf, df]/Ë / sfe|]_sf #) a6} uflj;df t]>f] q}dfl;s a}7s ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . pQm kl/of]hgf cGt/ut ;+rfng ePsf ultljlwx?sf] k'g/fjnf]sg, :yfgLo >f]tx?df dlxnfx?sf] kx'Fr, dlxnfsf] l:ylt ljZnf]]if0f, To;df s] s] l/Qmtf /x]sf 5g\ / To;sf af/]df 5nkmn u/L / l/QmtfnfO{ ;+af]wg ug{ s;n] s] ug'{ kb{5 To;sf af/]df 5nkmn u/L lhNnf txdf ;DjlGwt ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] ;xeflutfsf ljleGg lqmofsnfkx? ;DkGg ug]{ ul/G5 . a}7sn] cfufdL lbgdf ;DkGg x'g] ultljlwx?sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf

nflu ckgfpg' kg]{ tl/sf tyf cGo ;d;fdoLs ;jfnx?df 5nkmn ug]{ p2]Zon] pQm sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] xf] . o; q}dfl;s a}7ssf] dfWodaf6 cfufdL lbgdf x/]s If]qdf dlxnfsf] ;lqmotf clea[l4 x'g] ljZjf; ;d]t ul/Psf] 5 . a}7ssf ;xefuLx?n] uflj; tyf lhlj; txdf ;+rfng ePsf sfo{qmdaf6 Ifdtf ljsf; tyf >f]t ;fwgdf kx'Fr :yfkgf ug{ ;xh ePsf] ljrf/ /fv]sf lyP . To;}u/L ;/sf/n] :yfgLo tx;Dd k|bfg ug]{ ;]jf ;'ljwfsf af/]df hfgsf/ kfO{ uflj;sf] ah]6 cfkm\gf ;d"xx?n] NofO{ ljleGg tflnd ;+rfng u/]sf cg'e"lt ;d]t atfPsf lyP .

uflj; :t/Lo q}dfl;s a}7ssf ;xefuLx? – kfFry/

uflj; :t/Lo q}dfl;s a}7ssf ;xefuLx? – sfe|]

/fhgLltdf dlxnf, lgjf{rg tyf lg0ff{os txdf dlxnf ;eflutf ;DjGwL lhNnf :t/Lo cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd ;DkGg

hfu/0f g]kfnn] kl/of]hgf ;+rfng u/]sf] sfe|] lhNnfdf lhNnf l:ylt ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox?sf] ;xeflutfdf /fhgLltdf dlxnf, lgjf{rg tyf lg0ff{os txdf dlxnf ;eflutf ;DjGwL lhNnf :tl/o cGt{lqmof sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] . lhNnf l:yt /fhgLlts bnx?, ;/sf/L lgsfosf k|ltlglw, elugL ;+u7gsf kbflwsf/Lx?, kqsf/, afnSna, ls;fg dxf;+3, u7g ePsf dlxnf ;d"xsf k|To]s j8faf6 @÷@ hgf k|ltlglw ;b:ox? Tfyf lhNnf l:ylt u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx? ;lxt #% hgfsf] ;xeflutfdf pQm sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . ;f] cj;/df lhNnfsf] ;'zf;g, lgjf{rg, lg0ff{os tx / /fhgLltdf ;xeflutfsf] cj:yf ;lxt dfgj clwsf/, dlxnf clwsf/, n}+lus lx+;fsf ljifodf sfo{kq k|:t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

sfo{qmddf ljleGg ;/sf/L sfof{nosf k|d'v tyf k|ltlglwx?n]] jifout sfof{noaf6 ug{' kg]{ ;xof]u ;Nnfx ;'emfj / cfjZostf cg';f/ lg/Gt/ :yflgo ;d'bfo :t/ ;Dd hfg ;lsg] / Ps cfk;df ;fem]bf/L ?kdf lg/Gt/ /xg] k|ltj4tf ug'{ePsf] lyof] . v'nf5nkmnsf qmddf k|ltlglw d"ns ;xefuLsf] wf/0ff uf=lj=;= :t/sf ;xefuL dlxnf g]tf k|ltlglw eft[ ;+u7gsf dlxnf g]tf ;lxt Psn dlxnf ;d'xsf cWoIf, u}=;=;= dxf;+3sf ;b:o tyf /fhg}lts kf6L{sf k|ltlglw

sfo{qmdsf] nIo tyf p2]Zosf af/]df k|sfz kfb}{ hfu/0f g]kfnsf Joj:yfks dLgf lji6 – sfe|]

hfu/0f g]k

fnsf ultljlwx

?

hfu/)f cleofg 33

/fHo / /fhgLlts bndf n}lËs ;dfgtfsf] cj:yf ljifos: lhNnf :tl/o ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ sfo{qmd ;DkGg

dlxnfx? ljz]if u/L l;dflGts[t ;d'bfosf] :yfgLo ;'zf;g, lgjf{rg, lg0ff{os tx / /fhgLltdf dlxnf ;xeflutf (SMARCO) kl/of]hgf ;+rfng ePsf 5 lhNnfdf /fHo / /fhgLlts bnsf gLltx?df n}lËs ;dfgtfsf] cj:yf ljifos cWoog k'g/fjnf]sgsf] /fhgLltsdf dlxnfsf] ;xeflutfsf ;DjGwdf ePsf cWoog k'g/fjnf]sg af6 cfPsf] kl/0ffdsf] hfgsf/L lhNnf txdf u/fpg / dlxnf tyf l;dflGts[t ;d'bfosf dlxnfx?sf] clwsf/ / ;jfndf jsfnt ug{ ;xof]u k'/\ofpgsf nflu ;DjlGwt ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ hfgsf/L lbg] p2]Zon] k|To]s lhNnfsf] lhNnf :t/df Ps lbj;Lo ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] .

sfo{qmddf ljz]if u/L /fhgLlts bn tyf To;sf elugL ;+u7g, lhNnf l:yt ;/sf/L lgsfox? / ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/jfnfx?, gLlt lgdf{tfx? -lhNnfsf ;f+;b_ lhNnf :t/sf gful/s ;dfhsf ;b:o, dfgjclwsf/ sdL{x?,

lhNnf :t/Lo ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ sfo{qmdsf ;xefuLx? tfKn]h'Ë

lhNnf :t/Lo ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ sfo{qmdsf ;xefuLx? Dff]/Ë

hfu/0f g]kfn

sf ultljlwx?

;lxt ljifout sfof{no, :jf:y, s[lif, lzIff af6 klg ;du|df gLltlgdf0f{ tyf lg0ff{os txdf k'Ugsf nflu /fHosf] d"n gLlt /fhgLlt tyf gLlt lgdf0f{ tx ;Dd gk'Ubf ;Dd ;xh / ;/n ?kdf kl/jt{g ug{ g;lsg] ePsf] x'gfn] cfd dlxnf ;d'x / dlxnf ;d'x, dlxnf cleoGtfx? dlxnfsf] d'4fdf Pstfa4 eO{ lg/Gt/ nflu/xg' kg]{, dlxnfsf] clwsf/ hGd cufl8 b]lvg} qmlds ?kdf pd]/ ;d'x / cj:yf cg';f/ e'uf]n, ;d'bfo, wd{, ;:s[lt, k/Dk/f cg';f/ xgg\ x'g] u/]sf] sf/0f Pstf a4 eO{ lg/Gt/ cufl8 a9\g' kg]{ wf/0ff /fVg' ePsf] 5 .

;f] cj;/sf hfu/0f g]kfnsf Joj:yfks dLgf lji6n] dlxnfsf] clwsf/sf nflu dlxnf Pstfa4 eO{ lg/Gt/ / lgoldlt clwsf/sf] n8fO{ df xft]dfnf] u/L cuf8L a9g ;s]sf] v08df cfd dlxnfsf] clwsfsf/ z'lglZrt ljZjf; ;lxt hfu/0fsf] cleofgdf cleofg lg/Gt/ /xg] ljrf/ /fVg' ePsf] lyof] . dlxnfx? laz]ifu/L l;dfGts[t ;d'bfosf] :yfgLo ;';f;g, lgjf{rg, lg0ff{os tx / /fhgLltdf ;xefuLtf ;jnLs/0f kl/of]hgf cGt/ut ;+rfnLt of] sfo{qmd dfkm{t l;dflGts[t ;d'bfosf ;xeflux? nfeflGjt x'g] ljrf/ /fVg' ePsf] lyof] .

Ho]i7 gful/s, dlxnf g]tfx?, kqsf/, ;+3;+u7sf k|ltlglw, ;fdflhs ;+3;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx?, l;dflGts[t ;d'bfosf dlxnfx?sf] sfo{qmddf ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

sfo{qmddf k|To]s lhNnfsf lhNnf kl/of]hgf ;+of]hsn]] pQm ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ sfo{qmdsf] ;xlhs/0f ug'{ ePsf] lyof] eg] s]Gb|Lo txaf6 ;DjlGwt kl/of]hgsf sd{rf/Lsf] ;d]t sfo{qmddf ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . pQm sfo{qmd kZrft ;xefuLx?df /fHo / /fhgLlts bndf dlxnf tyf l;dfGts[t ;d'bfosfsf] ;xeflutf ;+u ;DalGwt gLltx?dff ePsf] Joj:yfx?sf] af/]df hfgsf/ kfO{ dlxnf tyf l;dflGts[t ;d'bfosf] ;xeflutf a9fpgsf nflu bjfj ;[hgf ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ eg] sltko /fhgLlts bn / ;/sf/L lgsfox?df :yfgLo txdf dlxnfsf] ;xeflutfdf s]xL dfqfdf a[l4 ePsf] tyf bnsf gLltx? dlxnf d}qL aGffpg bjfj k'u]sf] 5 .

34 hfu/)f cleofg

@= dlxnfsf] cfly{s >f]t tyf kx'Frdf lgoGq0fhfu/0f g]kfnn] ;+rfng ug]{ k|d'v If]qut cfwf/df x]bf{ dlxnfsf] cfly{s >f]tdf kx'Fr lgoGq0f sfo{qmd ljleGg sfo{qmd dfkm{t ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . dlxnfx?sf] cfly{s kx'Fr geP ;du| kIfsf] ljsf; x'g ;Sb}g eGg] dfGotfnfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{ ;+:yfsf] :yfkgf sfnb]lv g} ljleGg lhNnfdf z'?sf lbgddf dlxnf ;d"xx? lgdf{0f u/L ;d'xsf ;b:ox? aLr dfl;s art / qm[0fnufgLsf sfo{qmd ;+rfng u/]sf] lyof] . To;sf] nflu hfu/0f g]kfnaf6 ljpF k'FhL ;d]t pknAw u/fOPsf] lyof] . pQm ljp k'hLsf] sf]ifdf artsf] ;+sng u/L sfe|] lhNnfsf dxfb]j :yfg uflj;sf dlxnf

;d"x?n] dlxnf ;xsf/L ;d]t btf{ u/L ;+rfng ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . bf]nvf, /fd]5fk, l;Gw'kfNrf]s, ;'g;/L lhNnfdf klg dlxnfsf] cfly{s ;zlQms/0fsf ultljlwx? ;+rfng u/L :yfgLo dlxnfx?nfO{ b}lgs sfo{;+rfngdf 7"nf] 6]jf k''/\ofpb} cfPsf] 5 . a+u'/kfng, df5fkfng, afv|fkfng, t/sf/L v]tL ;fgf] vfB k;n h:tf Joj;fox? u/L cyf]{kfh{gsf] bLu]f >f]tsf] ?kdf dlxnfx?n] k|of]u ul//x]sf 5g\ . o; /sdnfO{ dlxnfx?n] cfkm\gf] :jf:Yo kl/If0f / afn aRrfsf] lzIffdf klg nufgL u/]sf] s'/f pgLx? atfpF5g\ .

:yfgLo gful/sx?sf] >f]tdf kx'Frsf] nflu lhNnf :t/Lo ;'g'jfO{ sfo{qmd ;DkGg

dlxnfx? ljz]if u/L l;dflGts[t ;d'bfosf] :yfgLo ;'zf;g, lgjf{rg, lg0ff{os tx / /fhgLltdf dlxnf ;xeflutf (SMARCO) kl/of]hgf ;+rfng ePsf 5 lhNnfsf lhNnf :t/df :yfgLo gful/sx?sf] >f]tdf kx'Frsf] nflu lhNnf :t/Lo ;'g'jfO{ sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/of] . ;/sf/, o;sf lgsfox? ljz]if u/L lzIff, :jf:Yo, s[lif, 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ;lxt k|fljlws lzIff lgb]{zgfnon] k|bfg ug]{ ;]jf / ltgsf] pkof]uLtfsf af/]df ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ hfgsf/L k|bfg ug{ tyf dlxnfsf] :yfgLo >f]t / n}lËs ah]6df kx'Fr :yfkgf ug{ ;xof]u k'Ug] p2]Zon] pQm sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] xf] .

pQm sfo{qmddf ;]jfk|bfox? -lhNnf ljsf; clwsf/L, 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof{no k|d'v, lhNnf lzIff clwsf/L,

lhNnf s[lif sfof{no k|d'v / lhNnf :jf:Yo clwsf/L_ tyf ;]]jfu|fx? -;xefuL_ aLr k|ToIf 5nkmn eO{ ;]jf u|fxLx?sf nflu 5'6\ofOPsf] ah]6 / To;sf] xfnsf] cj:yfsf af/]df hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] lyof] .

pQm 5nkmn sfo{qmd kZrft nlIft ;d"xx? tyf cGo ;DjlGwt lgsfon] ;/sf/n] k|bfg ug]{ lgMz'Ns ;]jf ;'ljwfsf af/]df hfgsf/ eO{ sfo{qmdsf ;xefuLx?sf] kxndf o:tf sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ;d]t ePsf 5g\ . uflj; :t/af6 dlxnfsf nflu 5'6\ofOPsf] ah]6 lnO{ tflnd ;d]t ;+rfng ug{ ;kmn ePsf 5g\ ;fy} dlxnfx? clwsf/sf nflu ;zQm cfjfh p7fpg x'g]5g\ .

:yfgLo gful/sx?sf] >f]tdf kx'Fr ljifos ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ sfo{qmdsf] p2]Zo dfly k|sfz kfb}{ /fli6«o

kl/of]hgf ;+of]hs lbks a:ofn, emfkf

:yfgLo gful/sx?sf] >f]tdf kx'Fr ljifos ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ sfo{qmdsf ;xefuLx? kfFry/

hfu/0f g]k

fnsf ultljlwx

?

hfu/)f cleofg 35

cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/sf] k|jw{gsf nflu dfgj clwsf/ /Ifs tyf gful/s ;dfhsf] ;'b[9Ls/0f kl/of]hgf ;dfkg sfo{qmd ;DkGg

dfgj clwsf/ /Ifs tyf gful/s ;dfhsf] ;'b[9Ls/0f kl/of]hgf ;dfkg sfo{qmddf hfu.0f g]kfnsf

Joj:yfks dLgf lji6

uflj;n]] k|bfg ug]{ ;]jf ;'ljwf / ah]6 ljlgof]hg ljifodf 5nkmn sfo{qmd ;DkGgM ;'g;/L

hfu/0f g]kfnsf] cfof]hgfdf g]kfndf lje]b ul/Psf ;d"xsf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/sf] k|jw{gsf nflu dfgj clwsf/ /Ifs tyf gful/s ;dfhsf] ;'b[9Ls/0f kl/of]hgf cGt/ut ;'g;/L lhNnfsf rf/ uflj;x?df 5'6\f5'6\6} -dw]nL, rfFba]nf, 8'd|fxf / e/f]n_ Ps lbj;Lo ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . uflj; ;lrjsf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg pQm sfo{qmddf :yfgLo :t/sf ljleGg /fhgLlts bnsf k|ltlglwx?, j8f gful/s d~r, :yfgLo u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx?, :jf:Yo rf}sLsf ;+rfng, blnt, hghftL tyf :yfgLo dlxnfx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . ;f] cj;/df :jf:Yon] ;j{;fwf/0fsf nflu k|bfg ug]{ ;]jf ;'ljwfsf ljifodf sfo{kq k]z ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf ca;/df uflj;n] k|bfg u/]sf lgMz'Ns ;]jfx?, k|;'lt tyf PDj'n]G; ;]jf nufPt uflj; :t/sf] ah]6 / To;sf] afF8kmfF8 k|lqmofsf af/]df ;DjlGwt lgsfosf ;/f]sf/jfnfx? ;+u 5nkmn s]Gb|Lt /x]sf] lyof] . uflj; ;lrjx?n] uflj; :t/sf] ah]6 ;+rfng ePsf lqmofsnfkx?sf af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg' ePsf] lyof] . pxfFn] uflj;df cfPsf] ah]6sf] ljlgof]hgsf af/]df ;xefuL ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ lj:t[t hfgsf/L u/fpg' ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf

uflj; :tl/o ;jf{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ sfo{qmdsf ;xefuLx?nfO{ uflj;sf ;]jfn] k|bfg ug]{ ;]jf ;'ljwf / ah]6 ljlgof]hgsf ljifodf hfgsf/L u/fpb} uflj;

;lrj u0f]zk|;fb e6\6/fO

hfu/0f g]kfn

sf ultljlwx?

OG;]ssf] g]t[Tjdf hfu/0f g]kfn, g]kfn ckfË ;dfh, blnt ;]jf ;‹sf] ;xsfo{df @)!% hgj/Laf6 ;~rflnt g]kfndf lje]b ul/Psf ;d"xsf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/sf] k|jw{gsf nflu dfgj clwsf/ /Ifs tyf gful/s ;dfhsf] ;'b[l9s/0f gfds b'O{ jif]{ kl/of]hgfsf] Ps sfo{qmdsf aLr kl/of]hgf ;dfkg hfgsf/L ;DjGwL sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .

pQm sfo{qmddf kl/of]hgfsf] @ jif{sf] cjlwdf k|fKt u/]sf dxTjk"0f{ pknAwL tyf l;sfOx?sf af/]df ;d]t hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] lyof] . cfof]lht sfo{qmddf OG;]ssf cWoIf ;'af]w/fh Kofs'/]nn] kl/of]hgf ;lsP klg lje]b ul/Psf ;d"xsf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/sf] ;jfndf cleofg hf/L /x]sf] atfpg' ePsf] lyof] .

sfo{qmddf hfu/0f g]kfnsf ;+:yfks cWoIf zld{nf sfsL{n] ;]jfk|bfos / ;]jfu|fxLlar ePsf] ;~rf/sf] sdLnfO{ lgld6\ofGg kfg{ ;s] ;]jfu|fxL nfeflGjt x'g] eGb} sfo{qmd ;~rflnt If]qsf gful/ssf] ;zlQms/0f ug]{ sfd of] kl/of]hgfn] u/]sf] 5 ljrf/ /fVg' ePsf] lyof] .

blnt ;]jf ;‹sf cWoIf rqmdfg ljsn] blnt ;d'bfosf] ljsf;sf nflu hftLo lje]bsf] cGTo ug{'kg]{ tyf /fHon] blnt ;d'bfosf] ;Lk tyf Ifdtf ljsf;sf nflu nufgL ug'{kg]{ atfpg' ePsf] lyof] .

g]kfn ckfË ;dfhsL cWoIf t]hs'df/L ltjf/Ln] of] kl/of]hgfsf sf/0f ckfËtf ePsf JolQmsf clwsf/sf ;jfnnfO{ ;dfhsf]

tNnf] tx;Dd k'/\ofpg ;lsPsf] / Psn] csfsf]{ ;jfnnfO{ p7fg ug{ ;xh ePsf] 5 of] kl/of]hgfsf] ;sf/fTds ;Gb]z atfpg eof] .

sfo{qmddf kl/of]hgf ;~rflnt ;'g;/L, l;/xf / ;Kt/L lhNnfsf ;xhstf{ tyf cGo ;xefuLn] kl/of]hgfsf] ;dLIff u/]sf lyP . ;f] cj;/df kl/of]hgfsf sf/0f k|fKt ;kmntfsf syfx¿ ;lDdlnt k':ts …cfzfsf kfOnfx¿ ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] lyof] .

ljleGg /fhgLlts bnsf k|ltlglwx?n] ;d]t cfk\mgf] dgtJo /fv]sf lyP . o:tf sfo{qmdn] uflj;sf afl;GbfnfO{ k|ToIf kmfObf k'Ug] x'gfn] sfo{qmd ;+rfng u/]sf]df hfu/0f g]kfnnfO{ wGojfb lbg' ePsf] lyof] .

36 hfu/)f cleofg

:yfgLo >f]tsf nflu ;dGjo sfo{qmd ;DkGg

hfu/0f g]kfnsf] cfof]hgfdf ;'g;/L lhNnfsf] dw]nL, rfFba]nf, 8'd|fxf / e/f]n uflj;sf :yfgLo dlxnfx?nfO{ :yfgLo >f]t kl/rfngsf nflu :yfgLo s[lif;]jf zfvf / kz';]jf s]Gb|x?;+u ;dGjo sfo{qmd ;+rfng u/]sf] 5 . sfo{qmddf k|To]s uflj;sf @)÷@) hgf dlxnfx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . ;xefuL dlxnfx?n] pQm s]Gb|x?sf] cjnf]sg e|d0fu/L k|bfg ug]{ ;]jf ;'ljwfx?sf ljifodf hfgsf/L lnPsf lyP .

;f] cj;/df s[lif clws[t tyf kz' ;]jf s]Gb|sf clws[tn] pQm sfof{noaf6 k|bfg ul/g] ;]jf ;'ljwfx?sf k|sf/x? sfof{noaf6 pknAw x'g] lgMz'Ns pkrf/ tyf cGo ;]jfsf af/]df hfgsf/L u/fPsf lyP . pgn] g]kfn ;/sf/n] k|To]s uflj;df Ps k|fljlwssf] ;d]t Joj:yf u/]sf] hfgsf/L u/fPsf lyP .;xefuL dlxnfx?n] pT;'stfk"j{s hfgsf/L lnO{ pQm sfof{nox?n] pknAw u/fO{g] ;]jf ;'ljwfsf af/]df hfgsf/L eP af6 cfkm"x? nfeflGjt ePsf] / cfufdL lbgdf o;sf] pkof]u ug{ ;a}nfO{ hfgsf/L lbg] k|ltj4tf hgfPsf lyP .

kz' :jf:Yo ;]jf s]Gb|n] pknAw u/fpg] ;]jf ;'ljwfsf af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpb}{ kz' :jf:Yo

clws[t xl/gf/fo0f zfx–8'd|fxf

>f]ts]Gb| lj/f6gu/df :yfgLo lgsfosf] k'gM ;+/rgf / dlxnf ;xeflutf ljifos 5nkmn sfo{qmd ;DkGg

hfu/0f g]kfn dlxnf >f]ts]Gb| lj/f6gu/df Ps lbj;Lo cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] . ueg]{G; km]l;ln6Lsf] cfly{s ;xof]udf ;+rflnt :dfsf]{ kl/of]hgf sf] lgoldt ultljlw cGt/ut pQm 5nkmn sfo{qmd ;+rfng ePsf] xf] . sfo{qmdsf] cWoIfdf If]qLo ;+of]hg k|ltIff a:g]tn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] ;xhLs/0f kl/of]hgf ;+of]hs a]bs'df/ vqLn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . k|ltIff a:g]tn] sfo{qmdsf ;xefuL tyf >f]ts]Gb|sf ;b:ox?nfO{ :jut tyf sfo{qmdsf] p2]Zosf ljifodf hfgsf/L u/fpg' ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf /fhgLlts bnsf k|ltlglw, euLgL ;+u7gsf k|ltlglw, gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx? lhNnf ;ldlt ;b:ox?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] sfo{qmddf clwjQf r'8fd0fL cfrfo{n] :yfgLo lgsfosf] k'g;{/rgf / :yfgLo txdf dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf ljifodf sfo{kq k|:t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ;f] cj;/df pxfFn] g]kfnsf] /fhgLltsf] jt{dfg cj:yfsf af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpb} g]kfndf /fhgLlts ;+qmd0f sfnsf] o; cj:yf /x]sf] / kl/jlt{t ;dosf] Joj:yfkgdf ;d]t :yfgLo txsf] k'g{;+/rgf cTofjZos /x]sf] ljifodf hfgsf/L u/fpg' ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf @$ hgf >f]ts]Gb| ;b:ox?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .pxfFn] ;+l3otf / o;sf] lgjf{rg k|0ffnL / lgjf{lrt l;6;+Vof -k|ToIf tyf ;dfg'kflts / dgf]gLlt_ ;lxtsf ljifodf hfgsf/L u/fpg' ePsf] lyof] . pxfFn] lgjf{rgsf] sfg"gL k|lqmofsf af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpb} a9L

eGbf a9L dlxnf ;xeflutf u/fpgsf] nflu dlxnf clwsf/sf If]qdf sfo{/t ;+:yfx?n] dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf a9fO{ a9L eGbf a9L agfpg tof/ /xg ;d]t ;'emfp lbg'ePsf] lyof] .

:yfgLo lgsfosf] k'g;{/rgf / dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf ljifodf sfo{kq k|:t't ub}{ clwjQmf r'8fd0fL cfrfo{

hfu/0f g]k

fnsf ultljlwx

?

hfu/)f cleofg 37

uflj; :t/Lo k'gtf{hsL tflnd ;DkGg

hfu/0f g]kfnsf] cfof]hgfdf g]kfndf lje]b ul/Psf ;d"xsf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/sf] k|jw{gsf nflu dfgj clwsf/ /Ifs tyf gful/s ;dfhsf] ;'b[9Ls/0f kl/of]hgf cgt/ut ;'g;/L lhNnfsf rf/ uflj;x? dw]nL, rfFba]nf, 8'd|fxf / e/f]n uflj;df b'O{ lbj;Lo uflj; :t/Lo k'gtf{hsL tflnd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . dfgjclwsf/ ;DjGwL /fli6«o tyf cGt/fli6«s sfg'gL Joj:yfx? / g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)&@ sf] lgb]{zs l;4fGtx?sf af/]df gful/s ;dfhsf ;b:ox?nfO{ hfgsf/L lbg] p2]Zon] pQm sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] xf] .

sfo{qmddf clwsf/ sdL{ ;f]d yfkfn] dfgjclwsf/sf k|fjwfgx? ;lxt g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)&@ df dlxnfsf xs clwsf/ / lgb]{zs l;4fGtx? ;lxt gful/sx?sf cfly{s, ;fdflhs,gful/s tyf ;+f:s[lts clwsf/sf af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg' ePsf] lyof] . ;f] cj;/df ckf+Ëtf ePsf

gful/ssf clwsf/sf ;jfndf ;d]t ckfË dxf;+3sf lhNnf cWoIfn] sfo{kq k|:t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] lhNnf sfo{qmd ;+of]hs k|ltIff a:g]tn] dlxnf clwsf/ dfgjclwsf/sf ljifodf lj:t[t hfgsf/L u/fpg' ePsf] lyof] .

sfo{qmdsf ;xefuLx?n] dlxnf dfgjclwsf/ nufot g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] dlxnf ;xeflutfsf ;+jGwdf tyf ckf+Ëtf ePsf JolQmsf clwsf/sf ;DjGwdf ePsf] hfgsf/L kmnbfos /x]sf] atfP . pgLx?n] ;+ljwfgdf ePsf] Joj:yf cg'?ksf sfg'gx?sf] lgdf{0f ug{ :yfgLo :t/ b]lv g} ;'emfjx? ;+sng ug{ ;+jlGwt lgsfodf bjfj lbg cfkm'x? Tfof/ /x]sf] ljrf/ /fVg' ePsf] lyof] . pQm k'gtf{hsL sfo{qmdsf] ;xlhs/0f tyf kl/of]hgfsf] pknAwsf af/]df csf{ kl/of]hgf ;+of]hs ef]hs'df/L tfdfËn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

lhNnf ckfË ;dGjo ;ldltsf ;+of]hs v'jnfn rf}w/L sfo{kq k|:t't ub }{

OG;]ssf If]qLo ;+of]hs ;f]d yfkf sfo{kq k|:t't ub}{, ;fydf sfo{qmdsf ;xefuLx?

sfo{qmdsf ;xefuL dlxnf g]tfx?n] dlxnf ;zlQms/0f / n}lËs ;dfgtfsf nflu :yfgLo lgsfodf %) k|ltzt ;xeflutf cfjZos /x]sf] / ;f]xL cg';f/sf gLlt gLdf{0fsf] nflu ;+jlGwt lgsfodf bjfj lbg ;d]t ;'emfp lbPsf lyP . o;} hfu/0f g]kfnn] sfo{qmd ;+rfng u/]sf cGo lhNnfx?df klg lgoldt dfl;s ?kdf 5nkmn sfo{qmdx? ;+Rfng eO/x]sf 5g\ . >f]t s]Gb|sf dfWodaf6 dlxnf ;xeflutfsf, >f]tdf kx'Frsf] cj:yf, g]kfn ;/sf/n] ljt/0f ug]{ ;]jf ;'ljwfx? / To;sf] pkof]uLtf nufPtsf ljifox?df 5nkmn x'g] u/]sf] 5 .

>f]ts]Gb|df dlxnf ;xeflutfsf ljifodf 5nkmn ub}{ >f]ts]Gb| ;b:ox?, Onfd

hfu/0f g]kfn

sf ultljlwx?

>f]ts]Gb| cGt/ut /fhlgltdf dlxnf ;xeflutf ljifos 5nkmn sfo{qmdsf ;xefuLx?, Onfd

38 hfu/)f cleofg

#= dlxnf tyf aflnsf lj?4sf] lx+;f

hfu/0f g]kfnn] cfkm\gf] :yfkgf ;+u} dlxnf ;xeflutfsf cltl/Qm aflnsf lx+;f lj?4sf sfo{df ;d]t ;lqmo x'b} cfPsf] 5 . ;fdflhs, cflYf{s tyf k|sf]k hf]lvd Go"lgs/0fdf dlxnf lx+;f Go"lgs/0fsf ljifodf ;+jf]wg ug{sf nflu lg/Gt/ lqmoflzn /x]sf] 5 . zx/L If]qdf /x]sf ul/j dlxnfx?sf] nflu cfly{s ;zlQms/0fsf] sfo{qmd, ;'zf;g tyf zflGtsf] nflu dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfo{qmd, åGåaf6 kLl8t dlxnfx?sf] nflu k'g:yf{kgf, ;fdflhs Gofo ;xof]u sfo{qmd, åGåaf6 cfGtl/s ?kdf lj:tflyt ePsf dlxnfx?sf] nflu cfly{s ;zlQms/0f, ;d"x Aoj:yfkg tyf kl/rfng sfo{qmd, dlxnfsf] k|hgg\ :jf:Yo tyf aflnsf lZfIff sfo{qmd, lbuf] zflGt, ;'zf;g tyf gLlt kFx'rsf] nflu dlxnf ;zlQms/0f ;xof]u h:tf ljleGg dlxnf ;zlQms/0f ;lxt dlxnfsf] k|hgg\ :jf:Yo ;DaGwL sfo{qmdx? ;d]t ;+rfng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .

ljleGg /fli6«o tyf cGt/fli6«o ;+3 ;+:yf tyf ;+hfx? ;+usf] ;+of]hgdf dlxnf tyf aflnsf lx+;f lj?4sf lqmofsnfkdf ;lqmo x'b} cfPsf] 5 . :yfgLo tyf cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf ;+3 ;+:yf, /fli6«o ;~hfnx?;+u ;xsfo{ / ;fem]bf/L ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . hfu/0f g]kfn lx+;f kLl8t JolQm tyf ;d'bfosf] ;r]lts/0f, gLlt jsfnt tyf ;fdflhs,cfly{s tyf sfg'gL ;zlQms/0fsf sfo{df lg/Gt/ ;xefuL x'b} cfPsf] 5 . o;n] cfkm\g} ;+of]hsTjdf b]zsf #& lhNnfsf dlxnfx?sf] ;xeflutfdf /fli6«o dlxnf clwsf/ ;/f]sf/ d~rsf] :yfkgf u/\of] h;n] n}lËs lx+;f lj?4 lg/Gt/ cfjfh p7fO /x]sf] 5 . dlxnf ;DjlGw gLltx?sf] lgdf{0fdf ;xof]u ug]{, g]kfndf 3/]n' lx+;f lgofGq0f ;DaGwL ljBdfg sfg"g / ;+:yfut k|0ffnLsf] k|efjsf/Ltf ;DjGwL Ps cWoog k'g/fjnf]s u/L ;DkGwLt lgsfodf x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] 5 . lkt[;tfTds ;dfhn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] n}lus e"ldsfdf bl/nf] eO{ pqg g;Sbf dlxnf tyf aflnsfx? lx+;fsf] rk]6fdf kl//x]sf] / pQm ;fdflhs dfGotf / ;f]rdf kl/jt{g NofO{ dlxnfx?df x]g]{ b[li6sf]0fdf ;sf/fTds kl/jft{g Nofpgsf nflu ;d]t hfu/0f g]kfnn] cfkm\gf] ;lqmotf cl3 a9fPsf] 5 .

o;sf cltl/Qm ;+:yfn] aflnsf lzIff sfo{qmd ;+rfng u/L aflnsf dfly x'g] lx+;fsf ljifodf ;r]t u/fpb} To;nfO{ cGTosf nflu hfgsf/L u/fpg] h:tf sfd ;d]t ;+rfng u/]sf] lyof] . ;+:yfsf o;sf cltl/Qm dlxnf tyf aflnsf lx+;f Go"lgsf/0fsf ;jfndf cfof]hgf ePsf ljleGg /fli6o cGt/lfi6o ;+hfnx?n] cfof]hgf u/]sf uf]li7, ;]ldgf/ cflbdf ;xeflutf eO{ dlxnf tyf aflnsfsf d'4fx?sf] p7fg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . o; ljifo ;+u ;DjlGwt /x]/ ;+rfng ul/Psf sfo{qmdx?

n}lu+s lx;f+ k|efljtx?sf] Gofodf kxF'rsf] cj:yf ljifodf 5nkmnn sfo{j|md–df]/Ë

n}lËs lx;f+ la?4sf] !^ lbg] cleofgsf] cj;/df d"n ;df/f]x ;ldlt df]/ªsf] cfof]hgf tyf :yfgLo ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] ;xeflutfdf n}lu+s lx;f+ k|efljtx?sf] Gofodf kxF'rsf] cj:yf / ;'wf/sf nflu ;+jfb ljifodf sfo{j|md ;DkGg eof] . ;f] cj;/df hfu/0f g]kfn dlxnf >f]ts]Gb|n] ;lqmo e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf] lyof] . lhNnf k|zf;g sfo{no df]/ªsf ;xfos k|d"v lhNnf clwsf/L Psb]a clwsf/Lsf] k|d'v cfltYodf ;DkGg pQm sfo{qmddf ;/sf/L tyf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfsf k|d"v tyf k|ltlgwLx?sf] pNn]Vo ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

;+jfb sfo{qmdsf jQmx?n] dlxnf lx;f+ la?4sf] cleofg kl/jf/af6} z'? ug{ ;s] cleofg ;fy{s / k|efjsf/L x'g] atfPsf lyP . sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltlyn] dlxnf lx;f+ cGtsf nflu ;fd"lxs k|of; cfjZos /x]sf] ljrf/ /fVg' ePsf] lyof] . sfo{j|mddf dlxnf lasf; clws[tn] sfo{j|mdsf] p2]Zofdfly k|sf; kfg'{ ePsf] lyof] eg] /fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]usf If]qLo sfof{no k|d'v,;/sf/L jlsnsf] sfo{nosf k|ltlglw nufotsf jtmfx?n] dlxnf lx;f+ la?4ssf] !^ lbg] cleofgnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg :yfgLo :t/df sfo{j|md ;+rfng ug'{kg]{df hf]8 lbP .

^* cf}+ cGt/f{li6«o dfgj clwsf/ lbj; tyf /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ dxfe]nfdf hfu/0f g]kfnsf] ;+nUgtf

^* cf}+ cGt{/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ lbj; tyf cf7f} /fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ dxfe]nf @)!^ sf] cj;/df cfof]hgf ul/Psf ljleGg sfo{qmddf hfu/0f g]kfnn] ;lqmotf k'j{s ;+nUgtf hgfPsf] 5 . ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3n] æs;}sf clwsf/sf nflu cfh} p7f}+ eGg] cGt/f{li6«o d"ngf/f / æ ljsf;, zflGt / ;'/Iffsf nflu e|i6frf/ lj?4 Ps xf+} Æ eGg] /fli6«o gf/fsf;fy ^* cf}+ cGt/f{li6«o dfgj clwsf/ lbj; g]kfndf eJotfsf ;fy dgfO{of] . pSt sfo{qmddf dfgjclwsf/sf If]qdf lqmoflzn ;+3 ;+:yfx? tyf dfgjclwsf/ cfof]usf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf cfof]lht pb\3f6g tyf ;dfkg sfo{qmddf hfu/0f g]kfnsf] ;lqmo ;+nUgtf /x]sf] lyof] eg] pSt dxfe]nfdf hfu/0f g]kfnsf cWoIf zdL{nf sfsL{n] ;Nnfxsf/sf] ?kdf /xL ljleGg kIfaf6 ;xof]u ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .

pSt dfgj clwsf/ dxfe]nfsf] pb\3f6g dfgjclwsf/ cfof]usf cfo'Q k|sfz j:tLHo" jf6 ul/Psf] lyof] . dfgj

hfu/0f g]k

fnsf ultljlwx

?

hfu/)f cleofg 39

dfgj clwsf/ lbj; tyf /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ dxfe]nfsf] cj;/df cfof]lht /\ofnLdf hfu/0f g]kfn kl/jf/

hfu/0f g]kfn

sf ultljlwx?

clwsf/af6 sf]xL s;}nfO{ alGrt ul/g'x'b}g / ljz]ift dlxnf, blnt, hghftL / cNk;+Vos ;d'bfox?df g} ;j}eGbf a9L dfgjclwsf/ xgg\ x'g] u/]sf]n] o;df /fHon] plrt ;Djf]wg ug'{kg]{ atfpg' ePsf] lyof] . pb\3f6g sfo{qmd kZrft km/s km/s ljifodf ;dfgfGt/ ;qx?sf] ;d]t cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm sfo{qmdx?df ;d]t hfu/0f g]kfnsf] ;lqmo ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . l8;]Dj/ !) cyf{t cGt{/fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ lbj;sf] cj;/df cfof]lht /\ofnLdf klg hfu/0f g]kfnsf] ;lqmo ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . pSt /\ofnL e[s'6Ld08k jf6 z'? eO{ zflGt jf6Lsfdf k'uL sf]0f;efdf kl/0ft ePsf] lyof] . pSt sf]0f;efnfO{ dfgjclwsf/ cfof]usf k|d'v cfo'Qm cg'k/fh zdf{ ;lxt ljleGg dfgj clwsf/ sdL{, gful/s ;dfhsf cu'jfx?n] ;Djf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . To;}u/L dfgjclwf/ lbj;sf] ;dfkgsf cj;/df ;d]t hfu/0f g]kfnsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

n}lËs lx+;f lj?4sf] !^ lbg] cleofgdf ;lqmo ;xeflutf

g]kfndf ljut jif{x?df em} o; jif{ klg n}lËs lx+;f lj?4sf] ;f]x| lbg] cGt/fli6«o cleofg ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . æ3/ zflGt g} ljZj zflGtsf] cfwf/M ;a}sf nflu ;'/lIft lzIffÆ eGg] ljZjJofkL gf/f tyf 3/zflGt g} ljZj zflGtsf] cfwf/M lbuf]ljsf;, lzIff / ;dfg Jojxf/Æ /fli6«o gf/fnfO{ dfg]/ cleofg ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .

dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf dGqfnosf] cfof]hgf / /fli6«o dlxnf cfof]usf] ;+of]hgdf ljzfn /\ofnLsf] cfof]hgf u/L cleofgsf] z'?jft u/\of] . pQm /\ofnLdf hfu/0f g]kfnsf] ;lqmo ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . o; cj;/df dlxnfclwsf/, dfgjclwsf/sf If]qdf sfo{/t ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yf, dxf;+3, ;/sf/L lgsfosf k|ltlglw, g]kfnL ;]gf, g]kfn k|x/L, z;:q k|x/L nufotsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . o;} cleofgsf] cj;/ hfu/0f g]kfnn] s]Gb| tyf If]qLo :t/sf sfo{qmd ;+rfng ePsf lhNnf

tyf uflj;x?df /\ofnL tyf n}lËs lx+;f lj?4sf ljleGg hgr]tgfd'n tyf lzIff d'ns sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng u/]sf] lyof] .

40 hfu/)f cleofg

$= ;d;fdoLs ;jfn -k|sf]k, vfB ;'/Iff / hnafo" kl/jt{g_

k|fs[lts k|sf]kdf hfu/0f g]kfn

g]kfn k|fs[lts k|sf]ksf] Hofb} hf]lvddf /x]sf] b]z xf] . kxf8L d'n's ePsf sf/0f g]kfnn] k|To]s jif{ 7"nf] dfgjLo tyf ef}lts Iflt Joxf]g'{ kb{5 . af9L, klx/f], cfunfuL h:tf k|fs[lts k|sf]ksf sf/0f dflg;n] hLjgel/ hf]8]sf] ;DklQ Ps} l5gdf ;vfk kf/L 3/af/ljxLg agfOlbG5 . lbg k|ltlbg a9\bf] ?kdf k|fs[lts ljklQ a9\g'df xfd|f] b]zsf] ef}uf]lns agfj6, cJojl:yt a;f]af;, k|fs[lts ;|f]t / ;fwgdflysf] anfTsf/, bf]xg, of]hgflagfsf ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfo{sf] yfngL, lagf;j]{If0f / lagfb"/b[li6 lgdf{0f ul/Psf u|fdL0f ;8sx? . o:tf ljljw sf/0fn] ubf{ lbg k|ltlbg xfdLx?dfly k|fs[lts k|sf]ksf] ;+Vof a9\b} 5, h'g Hofb} g} bb{gfs / kL8fbfoL x'G5 .

hfu/0f g]kfnn] dlxnf d}qL k|fs[lts k|sf]k Joj:yfkg tyf /fxt / k'g:yf{kgfsf nflu ljleGg sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . k|fs[lts k|sf]kaf6 hf]lug, cfˆgf] hLpwgsf] ;+/If0f ug{ / k|sf]k kl5 cfOk/]sf] ljkb\df /fxt tyf p4f/ / k|efljtx?sf nflu dgf];fdflhs ljdif{sf sfo{sf nflu ;+:yfsf] cfkm\g} >f]t ;fwg k|of]u ug]{ / cGo ;+3;+:yfx?;+usf] ;xsfo{df o:tf ultljlwx?df ;+rfng ub}}{ cfPsf] 5 . k|fs[lts k|sf]kdf ljz]if u/L af9L, klx/f], cfunfuL, e'sDk h:tf dfgjLo Iflt k'/\ofpg] k|sf]knfO{ lnOG5 . g]kfndf k|To]s jif{ s'g} g s'g} k|fs[lts k|sf]ksf 36gfx? 3l6/x]sf] kfOG5 . ljutdf ePsf ljleGg lsl;dsf k|s[lts k|sf]ksf 36gfx?df dfgjLo, tyf cfly{s ;xof]ux? ljt/0f ug'{sf ;fy} ;d'bfosf] nflu cTofjZos ;fd'bflos ejgx? lgdf{0f u/L vf]6fË / sfe|] lhNnfdf x:tfGt/0f ul/;s]sf] 5 eg] cGo l;Gw'kfNrf]s, /fd]5fk / bf]nvfdf lgdf{0flwg cj:yfdf 5g\ .

ut @)&@ a}zfvdf uPsf] ljgf;sf/L e"sDksf kZrt hfu/0f g]kfnn] tTsfn /fxt tyf p4f/sf sfd ;d]t ;+rfng u/]sf] lyof] h;df ^^^ kl/jf/nfO{ cTofjZos ;fdfgx?sf] Aoj:yf u/L /fxt lat/0f, &% hgf ue{jlt ;'Ts]/L dlxnf / %) hgf afnaflnsfx?nfO{ vfB ;lxtsf] dignity kits sk8f lat/0f, ^% j6f c:yfO cfjf;sf] lgdf{0f, @( hgf h]i7 gfu/Lsx?nfO Gofgf] sk9fx? lat/0f, @#) kl/jf/sf nflu ds}sf] ljp tyf /f;fogLs dnsf] ljt/0f, !) xhf/ Ifdtfsf & j6f kfgLsf 6\ofÍLx? ljt/0f, #@) ljBfyL{x? / #)) dlxnfx?sf nflu dgf];fdflhs dgf]ladif{ sfo{qmd ;+rfng, e'sDk k|efljt ##) hgf afnaflnsfx?nfO laBfno kf]zfs, :6]:fg/L tyf v]ns'bsf ;fdfu|L / kfgL vfgsf] nflu af]6n lat/0f, l;Gw'kfNrf]s, /fd]5fk, bf]nvf / sfe|] lhNnfdf lhljsf]kfh{g sfo{j|mdx? ;+rfng ul/Psf] 5 .

^) hgf Ho]i7 gful/s, ^) hgf ;'Ts]/L dlxnf tyf ^) hgf gjhft lzz'nfO Gofgf] sk8f k|bfg ul/Psf], sfe|] / bf]nvf lhNnfsf] Pp6f ljBfnodf Ps ;]6 sDKo'6/ pknAw u/fO ljBfyL{x?nfO k|f]T;fxg ul/Psf] 5 .

e"sDk k|efljt $ lhNnfx? l;Gw'kfNrf]s, /fd]5fk, bf]nvf / sfe|]sf nflu % lbg] dgf];fdflhs dgf]ljdif{sf] k'gt{fhuL k|lzIf0f tflnd lbO o; ;+aGwL k|To]s lhNnfdf $÷$ j6f dgf];fdflhs dgf]ljdif{sf sfo{j|mdx? ePsf 5g\ . o; cGt/ut ;+rfng ePsf cGo ultljlwx?df

cGt/lqmof sfo{qmdsf ;xefuL lzIfs tyf cleefjsx?

hfu/0f g]k

fnsf ultljlwx

?

hfu/0f g]kfnn] o"lg;]kmsf] cfly{s ;xof]u / dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf a]rlavg lj?4 ;xsdL{ ;d"x -P6ljg_ g]kfnsf] ;xsfo{df sfe|] lhNnfsf !) uf=lj=;df e'sDk k|efljt ;d'bfosf] k'g{nfe / k|lt/f]w Ifdtf k|j4{gsf nflu ;+rf/ tyf ;fdflhs kl/rfng sfo{qmd cGt/tu lzIfs tyf cljefjs ;+u cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] xf] .

ljleGg k|sf]ksf ;dodf x'g;Sg] dlxnf lx+;f, dfga a]rljvg, ;'/lIft :yfgfudg nufPtsf ljifodf ;r]tgf clej[l4 ug]{ p2]Zon] pQm cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/Psf] xf] . kl/of]hgf ;~rflnt uf=lj=;=sf lg=df=lj tyf df=lj= txsf k|wfgfWofksx?, ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldlt cWoIf tyf k|ltlglwx?, ljBfnodf sfo{/t lzIfs tyf cleefjs ;+3sf cWoIf tyf k|ltlglw, afn Snjsf cWoIf tyf k|ltlglw ;lxt uf=lj=;=;lrj, lhNnf lzIff sfof{nosf >f]tJolQm pQm sfo{qmdsf ;xefuLsf] ?kdf /x]sf lyP . pQm

cGt/lqmof sfo{qmddf e"sDk nufPt ljleGg k|sf/sf k|sf]ksf] ;dodf ;d'bfodf x'g ;Sg] dlxnf lx+;f, dfgj a]rljvg /f]syfd / ;'/lIft :yfgfudgsf nflu ;d'bfodf /x]sf cfd

lzIfs tyf cljefjs ;+u cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd ;DkGg

hfu/)f cleofg 41

gful/s dfkm{t ;r]t tyf ;~rf/sf] e"ldsf lgjf{xul/ s;/L ;dfhnfO{ ;'z'lrt ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] p2]Zosf ;fy pQm cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd ul/Psf] 5 . sfo{qmd dfkm{t ;xh / ;/n ?kdf ;d'bfodf ;~rf/sf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ ;lsg] ljZjf; ;xefuLx?n] lbnfPsf lyP .

;f] cj;/df ljBfno;+u ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] ;xeflutfdf ul/Psf] sfo{qmdsf sf/0f p2]Zo cg'?k ;d'bfodf ;xh / ;/n ?kdf ;~rf/sf] sfo{ ug{ ;lsg] / ;';"lrt x'g ;xhx'g] tyf sfo{qmd kmnbfoL ePsf] hfgsf/L

u/fpb} ;d'bfodf x/]s gful/ssf] e"ldsf tyf st{Jo lgj{fx ug{ ;s] k|efjsf/Ltf a9\g] hfgsf/L lhNnf lzIff sfof{no÷ kfj{tL pRr df=lj=sf >f]t JolQm a;Gt df]Qmfg tyf r08]gL df=lj=sf >f]t JolQm wgaxfb'/ a:g]tn] atfpg' ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] ;xlhs/0f lhNnf kl/of]hgf ;+of]hs e]if/fh bg'jf tyf cfp6 l/r sfo{stf{ lgZrn ;fksf]6f tyf lutf cfrfo{n] ug'{ePsf] yof] .

e"sDk kl5 ljleGg sf/0faf6 a]rljvg kg{;Sg] eGb} cleefjsnfO{ ;r]t /xg vj/bf/L ug]{ p2]Zon] :yfgLo dlxnf, afnaflnsfx? ;lxtsf] ;xeflutfdf Ps srx/L gf6ssf] d~rg ul/Psf] 5 . sfe|] lhNnfsf !) uflj;df dlxnf a]rljvg lj?4sf] ;xsdL{ ;d'x -P6ljg_sf] ;xosfo{ / o'lg;]kmsf] cfly{s ;xof]udf pQm gf6s d~rg ul/Psf] xf] .

e"sDkn] 3/ elTsPsf], ;/sf/n] lbPsf] cg'bfg kof{Kt gePsf] / klxnf lbPsf] @% xhf/ /sd vr{ eO;s]sf] xfnsf] cj:yfdf e"sDk k|efljt !$ lhNnfsf clwsf+zsf] cj:yf Hofb} gfh's /x]sf] 5 . w]/} cleefjsx?n] qm[0f ltGf{ k'glg{dff{0fsf nflu cfo>f]t h'6fpg afnaflnnsfx?nfO{ zx/L If]qdf sfddf k7fpg yfn]sf 5g\ . pd]/ gk'u]sf afnaflsnfx? Kflg pd]/ a9fpb} bnfnx?sf] dfWodaf6 ljb]lzPsf 5g\ . zx/df of}g tyf 3/]n' >ddf nfu]sf afnaflnsf ljb]zdf klg s7f]/ >ddf nflu/x]

sf 5g\ . dfgj a]rljvg tyf cf];f/ k|;f/ Go"lgsf/0f ug{sf nflu hfgsf/L lbg] p2]Zon] e'sDk k|efljt lhNnfdf afnaflnsf dfkm{t g} cleefjsx?nfO{ vj/bf/L ug{ srx/L gf6s z'? ul/Psf] xf] . ;f] srx/L gf6s sfe|] lhNnfsf !) uflj;df k|bz{g ul/g] 5 . pQm gf6sdf #) hgf :yfgLo afnaflnsfx?n] clego u/]sf 5g\ . gf6sn] e"sDkaf6 3/ elTsbf afa'cfdfn] ;fx'sf] qm[0f ltg{ tyf 3/ lgdff{0fsf] nflu ufpFdf cfPsf bnfn dfkm{t 5f]/LnfO{ zx/ k7fpg a]lrg ;Sg] / To;sf] nflu ljBfnosf] lzIfsn] a]rljvgdf kg{ glbgsf] nflu ;xof]u ug]{ ;Gb]z lbb} afnaflnsfx?nfO{ ljleGg k|nf]egdf kf/L a]rljvg u/Lg], yf]/} k};f lbP/ sfddf nfufpg] u/]sf], lrg]s} JolQmaf6 afnaflnsf a]rljvgdf kg]{ / To;df dlxnfx? hf]lvddf /xg] eGb} cleefjsnfO{ o; ljifodf ;r]t x'g ;Gb]z lbPsf] 5 . ;f] gf6s d~rg sfo{qmddf hfu/0f g]kfnsf ;+:yfkg cWoIf zdL{nf sfsL{ / at{dfgcWoIf ;Demgf kf]v/]nn] ;+jf]wg ub}{ gf6sn] :yfgLo :t/df dfgj a]rljvg /f]Sg ;xof]u k'/\ofpg] atfpg' ePsf] lyof] .

srx/L gf6s d~rg ;dfkg kl5 tl:j/ lvrfpb} ;xefuL tyf hfu/0f g]kfnsf kbflwsf/L tyf sd{rf/Lx?

hfu/0f g]kfn

sf ultljlwx?hgr]tgfsf nflu srx/L gf6s d~rg ;DkGg

42 hfu/)f cleofg

vfB ;'/Iffdf hfu/0f g]kfn

vfB ;'/Iff, ;+Dk|e'tf tyf vfB clwsf/n] hgtfsf cfwf/e't cfjZostfx?nfO{ k'/f x'g' kg]{ hgfpF5 . k]6e/L vfg kfpg] cj:yf g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df vfB ;'/Iff xf] . vfBfGgsf] kx'Fr Pp6f gful/ssf] clwsf/ xf] . ljZj Joflks/0f, gj pbf/jfb, pbf/Ls/0f, s[lif qmflGt / cfd'n kl/jt{gsf] k|efj ;+u} cfh vfB ;'/Iff, ;+Dk|e'tf / vfB clwsf/sf If]qdf klg 7'nf] r'gf}tL / ;d:of b]vf k/]s]f 5 . ljZjsf] sl/j cfwf eGbf a9L hg;+Vof / g]kfndf ^) k|ltzt gful/sx?n] s[lif k]zf ckgfO{/x]sf 5g\ . vfB clwsf/ dfgjsf] g};lu{s clwsf/ xf], o:tf] clwsf/n] vfB pk/ hgtfsf] kx'Fr, clwsf/ / lgoGq0f a'emfpF5 . s'g} klg gful/sn] ef]sd/Laf6 afFRg kfpg' p;sf] df}lns clwsf/ xf] .

g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df eGbf v]tL ug]{eGbf gug]{n] e/k]6 vfg kfpF5g\ t/ b}lgs v]taf/Ldf sfd ug]{ dlxnf, cflbjf;L, blnt hghflt, ;'s'Djf;L / ;LdfGts[t tyf lk5l8Psf] ju{n] e/k]6 vfg kfpb}gg\.Ú clxn] klg @% k|ltzteGbf a9L g]kfnL r/d ul/aLdf hLjg latfpg afWo 5g\ eg] $) k|ltzt eGbfdfly s'kf]if0fsf] l;sf/ 5g\ . g]kfnn] vfB ;'/Iff / kf]if0fsf nflu lbuf] vfB k|0ffnL :yflkt ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g .

g]kfnsf clwsf+z efudf vfg} gkfP/ sf]xL JolQm d/]sf] cf}krfl/s tYofÍ clxn];Dd aflx/ cfPsf] 5}g t/ s0f{nL c~rnsf s]xL lhNnfdf ef]sd/L a9]sf] eGg] ;dfrf/ ;Dk|]if0f x'g] qmd hf/L 5 . ;f] If]qdf kfOg] :yfgLo pjf, sf]bf], hf}F, sfu'gf], h'g]nf] h:tf cltkf}li6s vfBGg lj:yflkt

ePsf 5g\ . ToxfFsf dflg;sf] vfg]afgLdf ;d]t kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5. :yfgL o:t/df kfOg] cGgsf] ;§f vl/b u/]sf] rfdn, rfprfp df k/lge{/ ePsf sf/0f :yfgLo vfBGg cefj ePsf] xf] . o;/L dflg;sf] vfg] afgLdf kl/jt{g Nofpg hgr]tgfsf sfo{qmd 7fp 7fpdf ;+rfng ug'{ cfjZos /x]sf] dxz'; ePsf] 5 .

hfu/0f g]kfnn] cfkm\gf] :yfkgf sfnb]vL g} cfd dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf ;+u k|ToIf ;/f]sf/ /fVg] s[lif, vfB ;'/Iff, ;Dk|e'tf tyf vfB clwsf/sf If]qdf sfdug]{ ;+:yf tyf ;+hfnx?df cfj4 /lx ;lqmo e"ldsfsf ;fy ljleGg jx;, jsfnt tyf Ifdtf clej[l4sf sfo{ ub}{ cfO{/x]sf] 5 . cfd gful/snfO{ ;r]t u/fO{ z'4 / :jR5 vfB pkef]u ug{ Ifdtf clej[l4sf dfWodaf6 dlxnfx?nfO{ cfly{s z;lQms/0f ub}{ vfB c;'/Iff h:tf r'gf}tLx? lj?4 n8\g /fli6«o vfB clwsf/ ;+hfnsf] ;lj|mo ;b:o eO{ cfd gful/sx?nfO{ vj/bf/L ub}{ cfO{/x]sf] 5 . cfd dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf ;+u k|ToIf ;/f]sf/ /fVg] s[lif tyf vfB ;'/IffnfO{ pGgt, u'0f:t/Lo, dlxnfd}qL / j}1flgs agfpg ljleGg /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf kmf]/dx?df efu lng vfB ;'/Iffsf] cefjsf sf/0f vf;u/L dlxndf bf]xf]/f] df/sf sf/0f k/]sf] c;/sf af/]df cfjfh p7fpb} lg/Gt/ ax; / 5nkmn ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . vfB ;'/Iffsf If]qdf b]vf k/]sf gofF gofF ;jfnsf] af/]df 5nkmn u/L b]vf k/]sf r'gf}tLx? nfO{ ;Djf]wg ug{ ;DjlGwt lgsfox?sf] Wofgfsif{0f ub}{ s[lif d}qL gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx? lgdf{0f ug{ bjfj / ;fem]bf/L ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .

vfB clwsf/, vfB;Dk|e'tf ;'lglZrt ug{ bjfj lbb} clwsf/sdL{x? ;fydf hfu/0f g]kfnsf cWoIf zdL{nf sfsL{

hfu/0f g]k

fnsf ultljlwx

?

hfu/)f cleofg 43

cfh wgL tyf cf}Bf]lus d'n'sx¿åf/f xflgsf/s phf{sf] k|of]uaf6 pT;lh{t xl/tu[x Uof;sf] sf/0f xfd|f] k[YjL / o;sf] jfo'd08ndf gsf/fTds c;/ kl//x]sf] 5 . phf{ k|0ffnLn] dfgjhLjg / k[YjL b'j}nfO{ uDeL/ gf]S;fgL k'¥ofO/x]sf] 5 . hfu/0f g]kfn n] hnafo" kl/jt{g ;DjGwL ljutsf ;do b]lvg} ljleGg hgr]tgf d"ns sfo{ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;+u ;DalGwt If]qdf sfo{u/L cfPsf ljleGg ;+3 ;+u7gx? ;+usf] ;+o'Qm kxndf ;/sf/L lgsfox?df 1fkgkq a'efpg] vj/bf/L d'ns sfo{qmdx? Tfyf ;dGjofTds e"ldsf dfkm{t hnafo" kl/jt{tgsf d'2fnfO{ ;+:yfut ub}{ ;DjlGwt lgsfosf] Wofgfsfif{0f u/fpg] sfd ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . v/fa tyf xflgsf/s phf{sf] cGTo ug{, hgtfsf] cfwf/e"t cfjZostf k"lt{sf nflu phf{ clwsf/ k|fKt ug{, ;fj{hlgs / ;fd'bflos gjLs/0fLo tyf :jR5 phf{df tLj| kl/jt{g ug{,hnjfo" kl/jt{g ;DjGwL cGt/fli6«o :t/sf ;+hfnx? ;+u ;Dks{ / ;dGjo u/L gLltx? Dffkm{t cfof]hgf ul/g] ljleGg kmf]/dx? ;d]tdf hfu/0f g]kfn ;xefuL x'b}} cfPsf] 5 . ltg} dWo]sf] s]xL ;+hfnx?df dlxnfsf] cj:yf ;DjlGwsf] cfof]u (commission on status of women, CSW,) hnjfo" kl/jt{g / Gofo ;DjlGwsf] cGt/fli6«o tyf /fli6«o ;+hfnx?df efu lng] tyf hnjfo" kl/jt{g ;DjlGwsf ultljlwx?df Gf]t[TjbfoL e"ldsf lgjf{x ul//x]sf] 5 .

Hffu/0f g]kfnn] ljleGg If]q / txsf hgtfx?nfO{ gLlt lgdf{tfx? ;+u k|ToIf e]63f6 u/fO{ cGt/lqmfoTds sfo{x? u/fO{ cfPsf] 5 . hnjfo" Gofosf nflu g]kfn cleofg /fli6«o ;~hfnsf] ;lqmo ;b:osf] ?kdf /lx ljleGg ;r]tgf

tyf 5nkmnsf sfo{qmdx?df ;lqmo ;xeflutf hgfpb} sfo{qmdx?sf] cfof]hgf ;d]t ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . h;n] hnafo" k/jt{gsf] k|ToIf c;/ Go"gLs/0f ug{ yk d2t ;d]t k'u]s]f 5 . hnjfo" kl/jt{gsf] k|efjn] dlxnf tyf s[lifdf k/]sf] k|efj ;DjGwdf 5nkmn u/L o;jf6 cfPsf ;d:of tyf r'gf}tLx? nfO{ ;Djf]wg ug{ ;DjlGwt lgsfodf 1fkg kq a'emfpg] sfd xfn} dfq klg ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . phf{ dGqL=== nfO{ v/fa tyf xflgsf/s phf{sf] cGTo ug{, hgtfsf] cfwf/e"t cfjZostf k"lt{sf nflu phf{ clwsf/ k|fKt ug{, ;fj{hlgs / ;fd'bflos gjLs/0fLo tyf :jR5 phf{df tLj| kl/jt{g ug{, Jofkfl/s lgudx¿ / clehft ju{åf/f ul/g] cltzo / cgfjZos phf{ vktnfO{ /f]Sg Wofgfsif{ ug]{ p2]Zon] hnafo" kl/jt{gsf] /fli6«o ;~hfn -CCJN) sf] ;+of]hg tyf hfu/0f g]kfnsf] ;lqmoftfdf Wofgfsfif{0f kq x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] 5 . ;+:yfn] o; lsl;dsf cGo ultljlwx?sf] cfof]hgf u/L hnafo' kl/jt{g Go'lgs0fsf nflu ;/f]sf/jfnfx? ;+u ljrf/ ljdif{ ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . o:tf sfo{qmdx?df Psflt/ hnafo" kl/jt{gsf sf/0f dlxnf k|ToIf ?kdf ;+nUg gx'g] ePsf]n] 3/fo;L sfo{x?df o;n] k'/\ofpg] c;/ / o:tf] c;/nfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug{ ;lsg] pkfox?sf af/]df Ifdtf clej[l4 dfkm{t sfo{ug]{ u/]sf] 5 eg] csf{tkm{ ;/sf/L lgsfodf /x]sf gLlt lgdf{tfx? ;+u k|ToIf e]63f6 u/L hnjfo" kl/jt{gn] x'g] cj;/ Go"lgs//0f ug{ cjnDjg ug'{kg]{ pkfox?sf af/]df 5nkmn rnfpg ;xsfo{ ;d]t ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .

hnjfo" kl/jt{g hfu/0f g]kfn

hnafo" kl/jt{g ;DjGwL cGt//fli6«o :t/sf] sfo{qmddf ;xefuL x'b} hfu/0f g]kfnsf cWoIf zdL{nf sfsL{

tTsflng phf{dGqLnfO{ hnafo" kl/jt{g Go"lgs/0fsf nflu Wofgfsif{0fkq x:tfGt/0f kl5 tl:j/ lvrfpb}

hfu/0f g]kfn

sf ultljlwx?

44 hfu/)f cleofg

dlxnf lj?4 ePsf lx+;fsf 36gfx?sf] t'ngfTds cWoog -hgj/L @)!% b]lv l8;]Dj/ @)!^_

n}lËs lx+;f eGgfn] dlxnf jf k'?if ePsf] sf/0f cyf{t\ lnËsf] cfwf/df ul/g] lx+;f eGg] a'lemG5 . ;Ddflgt hLjg afFRg kfpg' x/]s dfgjsf] cfwf/e"t dfgjclwsf/ xf] . To;}n] dfgjclwsf/ xgg\ ug]{ h''g;'s} Jojxf/ jf lqmofsnfk lx+;f xf] . xfd|f] b]zsf] ;Gb{edf lx+;fsf] 36gfnfO{ ljZn]if0f ubf{ dlxnf tyf aflnsfdfly x'g] lx+;fnfO{ ;fdfGo?kdf lng] k|rng ePsfn] of] ;d:of Aofks?kdf km}lnP/ /x]sf] 5 . lx+;fsf sf/0f dlxnf / aflnsfx?n] ljleGg k|sf/sf kL8f / b'Ao{jxf/sf] cg'e"lt ul//x]sf 5g\ . h:t}M lk6\g', lrd6\g', lh:sfpg', xltof/n] sf6'g', xTof, anfTsf/ Pjd\ j}jflxs anfTsf/, ha/h:tL s/0fLaf6 ue{wf/0f, dfgl;s bafa lbg', nfh jf lxgtfaf]w u/fpg', Psn dlxnfdfly u/g] unt Aojxf/, 5f]/L kfPsf] lgx'Fdf ul/g] b'Jo{jxf/, cfwf/e"t cfjZostfdf /f]s nufpg', dlxnf / aflnsfx?nfO{ c;/ x'g] k/Dk/fut k|rngx?, em'df, b]psL 5fpk8L Pjd\ slyt af]S;L k|yf, z}lIfs tyf sfo{:yndf ul/g] of}g b'Ao{jxf/, a]rljvg / To;kl5 ul/g] b]xAofkf/, dlxnfx?sf] c;'/lIft j}b]lzs /f]huf/L, :jf:Yo ;'ljwfsf] kxF'rdf lgoGq0f cflb g]kfndf eO/x]sf dlxnf lx+;fsf ?kx? x'g\ . ue{df 5f]/f eP hGdfpg], 5f]/L eP ue{ktg u/fpg] sfdaf6 g} n}lËs lx+;fsf] ;'?cft x'G5 . To;}u/L vfgkfg, cf}iflw pkrf/ / lzIffbLIffdf ;d]t lje]bfTds sfo{x? 3/kl/jf/ leq}af6 ul/G5 . hltklg dlxnfsf] df}lns clwsf/sf lj?4 lx+;f x'G5 Tof] g} dlxnf lx+;f xf] .

ljZjdf dlxnf clwsf/ k|lKtsf cfGbf]ng kZrft ePsf ;sf/fTds kxnx?

ljZjdf dlxnf clwsf/ k|flKtsf nflu 7"nf 7"nf ;+3{ifx? ;DkGg ePsf] / To; kZrft dlxnf clwsf/sf If]qdf w]/} ;sf/fTds kl/jt{gx? ePsf 5g\ h;nfO{ lgDg a'Fbfx?df rrf{ ug{ ;lsG5 .

cGt/f{li6«o k|ltj4tf

bf]>f] ljZjo'4 kZrft dlxnf clwsf/ k|flKtsf] nflu ljZj :t/df s]xL 7"nf kl/jt{gx? ePsf 5g\ . zflGt / ljsf;sf] d'n cfwf/sf ?kdf dfgjclwsf/nfO{ :jLsf/ ub}{ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] dxf;efn] !) l8;]Dj/ !($* sf lbg dfgjclwsf/sf] ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ffkq hf/L u/L dfgjclwsf/ ln+Ësf] cfwf/df ljgf e]befj pkef]u ug{ kfpg] s'/f pNn]v u/]s]f 5 eg] dlxnf / k'?if ;dljsf;sf] cjwf/0ff clw ;f/]sf] 5 . o;/L o; 3f]if0ffkqn] dlxnf / k'?ifnfO{ ;dfgtfsf] cfwf/df Jojxf/ ug]{ s'/fsf] ;'lglZrttf u/]sf] 5 .

• dlxnf lj?4 x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf e]befj pGd'ng ug]{ dxf;GwL

• ;+o't /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifbsf] k|:tfj g+ !#@% / !*@)

• dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ffkq, !($*

• gful/s tyf /fhgLlts clwsf/;DaGwL cle;lGw, !(^^

• cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;fF:s[lts clwsf/;DaGwL cle;lGw, !(^^

/fli6«o k|ltj4tf

dlxnf lj?4 x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf e]befj pGd"ng ug]{ dxf;lGw sfof{Gjogsf] nflu tof/ ul/Psf] /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf @)^), n}+lus ;dfgtf tyf dlxnf ;zlQms/0f /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf @)^!, n}+lËs lx+;f cGTo tyf n}+lËs ;zlQms/0f ;DaGwL sfo{ of]hgf -@)^(÷&)–)&#÷&$_ tyf ;+o"Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifbaf6 kfl/t k|:tfj gDj/ !#@% / !*@) sf] sfof{Gjog /fli6«o sfo{ of]hgf -@)^&÷^*– @)&!÷&@_ sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf 5g\ . 3/]n'lx+;f -s;'/ / ;hfo_ P]g, @)^^ tyf lgodfjnL, @)^& hf/L ePkl5 dlxnf dfly x'g] lx+;fsf] cGTosf nflu k|efjsf/L sfg'gL cfwf/ tof/ ePsf] 5 . n}+lËs lx+;f lgjf/0f sf]if -;~rfng_ lgodfjnL, @)^& sfof{Gjogdf cfO{ n}+lËs lx+;f lgjf/0f sf]ifsf] :yfkgf ePsf] 5 . n}+lËs lx+;fdf k/]sfx?sf nflu tTsfn p4f/, cf}iflw pkrf/, sfg'gL ;xfotf tyf k'g:yf{kgf sf sfo{x? e}/x]sf5g\ . Psn dlxnf ;'/Iff sf]if ;~rfng lgodfjnL @)&) sfof{Gjogdf cfPsf] 5 . lghfdtL ;]jf -!& k|ltzt_ g]kfn k|x/L, g]kfn ;z:q k|x/L, g]kfnL ;]gf nufotsf /fHosf ljleGg c+ux? Tfyf lgsfox?df dlxnf ;xeflutf a9\b} uPsf] 5 . n}+lus pQ/bflo ah]6tkm{ d'n'ssf] s'n ah]6sf] @#=!) k|ltztsf] cg'kft / :yfgLo lgsfodf hfg] cg'bfgsf] sDtLdf !) k|ltzt /sd dlxnf ;zlQms/0f tkm{ 5'6\ofpg'kg]{ Joj:yf ePsf] 5 . ljkGg u|fdL0f dlxnfsf nflu j}sNkLs cj;/ ;'hgf ug]{ u/L dlxnf ljsf; sfo{qmd b]zsf krxQ/} lhNnf ufpF ljsf; ;ldltx?df lj:tf/ e}/x]sf] 5 . dlxnf ljsf; sfo{qmddf nlIft dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf & nfv *! xhf/ k'u]sf] 5 . n}lËs lx+;f cGTo tyf n}lËs ;zQmLs/0f;DaGwL /fli6«o /0fgLlt tyf sfo{of]hgf @)!# b]vL @)!& ;Ddsf nflu to ePsf] 5 . cGt/ dGqfno ;dGjo ;ldlt, n}lËs lx+;f lgoGq0f 8]:s, x6nfOg sf] :yfkgf, &% lhNnfdf dlxnf ;+/If0f clws[tsf] Aoj:yf,:yfgLo lgsfox?df n}lËs ;Dks{ s]G›sf] ;d]t :yfkgf ePsf 5g\ eg] k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGq kl/ifbsf] sfof{nodf ;d]t n}lËs 8]S;sf] :yfkgf eO To;n] ;zQm sfo{ ul//x]sf] 5 .

ljZn

]if0f

hfu/)f cleofg 45

lhNnf :t/Lo ;+oGqx?n}lËs lx+;f cGTosf nflu lhNnf :t/df ;d]t ljleGg ;+oGqx? ag]sf 5g\ h;sf] dfWodaf6 :yfgLo :t/df lx+;f Go"lgs/0fsf nflu k|of;x? eO/x]sf 5g\ . n}lËs ;dfgtf tyf ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f # alif{o /0flgtL of]hgf,n}lËs lx+;f lj?4sf] lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt, n}lËs ;dfgtf tyf ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f ;ldlt, n}lËs lx+;f lj?4sf] 8]:s, n}lËs ;Dks{ ljGb'x?,n}+lËs lx+;f lgjf/0f sf]if,;'/lIft cfjf; u[xx?, ;fdflhs dgf]ljdz{stfx?,dlxnf ;xsf/Lx? tyf ;+:yfx?sf] ;+hfn,dlxnf clwsf/sf ;+hfnx? tyf ;/sf/L Pjd\ u}/;/sf/L lgsfo lar n}lËs ;dfgtf tyf ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0fsf] nfuL ;DjGw :yfkgf ePsf 5g\ . h;n] lx+;f Go'lgs/0fdf s]xL dfqfdf eP klg ;xof]u k'u]sf] 5 .

k|:t't sfg'g, ;+oGq tyf k|ltj4tfx?nfO{ dWogh/ u/L To;sf] sfof{Gjog s:tf] 5 elg x]g{sf nflu dlxnf dfly ePsf lx+;fsf 36gf cWoog ug'{ h?/L /x]sf] 5 . oxL ;Gbe{nfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ hfu/0f g]kfnn] dlxnf lx+;fsf af/]df ljleGg kqklqsfdf 5flkPsf 36gfx? ;+sng u/L cWofog ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . h;n] ubf{ ;dfhdf dlxnf lj?4 x'g] lx+;fsf k|s[ltsf] hfgsf/L x'guO{ dlxnf lj?4 x'g] lx+;fnfO{ cGTo ug{ rfNg'kg]{ sbddf d4t k'Ub5 . dlxnf lx+;fdf d'Vou/L anfTsf/,3/]n' lx+;f / ;fdflhs lx+;f tLg zLif{s 5gf}6 ul/Psf] 5 .

dlxnfsf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox?n] ug]{ zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s, of}lgs jf cGo k|sf/sf] dlxnfsf] clwsf/ / JolQmTjnfO{ gsf/fTds c;/ ug]{ u/L ul/g] Jojxf/x? 3/]n' lx+;f x'g\ . o; cGtu{t zf/Ll/s, ;fdflhs, dfgl;s ,of}lgs lx+;fx?

kb{5g\ eg] ;fdflhs lx+;f cGtu{t dlxnf /xg] a:g] u/]sf] ;dfhaf6 x'g] lx+;f ;fdflhs lx+;f xf] . o; cGtu{t af]S;Lsf] cf/f]k, 5'jf5't, s'6lk6, uflnunf}h, bfOhf]sf sf/0faf6 x'g] b'Jo{jxf/, of}g zf]if0f, dfgj j]rljvg, afWofTds j]Zofj[lQ cflb kb{5g\ . To;}u/L anfTsf/ cGtu{t anfTsf/, anfTsf/sf] k|of;, ;fd'lxs anfTsf/ cflbnfO{ lnOPsf] 5 .

;g\ @)!% / @)!^ df ljleGg % /fli6«o b}lgs klqsfx?df k|fKt dlxnf lx+;f ;DjGwL 36gfx?sf] tYofÍ ljj/0f ljleGg % /fli6«o b}lgs klqsfx?df k|fKt dlxnf lx+;f ;DjGwL 36gfx?sf] tYofÍ ljj/0fnfO{ ljZn]if0f ubf{ ;g\ @)!% sf] t'ngfdf @)!^ df anfTsf/sf 36gf w]/} 36]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . %#=*) k|ltzt 3/]n' lx+;fsf 36gfx? @)!^ df 36]sf] b]lvG5 eg] @)!% df o;} k|s[ltsf 36gf @#=%) k|ltzt dfq /x]sf] b]lvG5 . To;}u/L @)!^df $^=$) k|ltz 3/]n' lx+;fsf 36gf 36]sf 5g\ eg] @)!% df !(=^) k|ltzt 3/]n' lx+;f /x]sf] b]lvG5 . To;}u/L ;fdflhs lx+;fsf 36gfx? @)!% / )!^ df emG8} a/fj/ /x]sf 5g\ . @)!% df #)=$) k|ltzt ;fdflhs lx+;f b]lvG5 eg] @)!^df @%=%k|ltzt dfq o; k|s[ltsf 36gf /x]sf 5g\ .

o;/L x]bf{ dlxnf l+x;fsf 36gfdf ;a}eGbf a9L anfTsf/sf / To;kl5 3/]n' lx+;fsf 36\g] kfOof] . dlxnf lx+;f Go"lgsf/0fsf nflu ljleGg cleofgx? lg/Gt/ ;+rfnu ul//x] klg o;nfO{ wHhL p8fpb} dlxnf lx+;fsf 36gf l;+uf] g]kfnL ;dfhsf nflu r'gf}tL k"0f{ /x]sf] b]lvG5 . o;sf] lgoGq0fsf nflu a]n}df ;DjlGwt lgsfoaf6 kxn gu/]df o;n] dlxnfsf] cl:tjd} gfsf/Tds ;+b]z ljZjdf g5nf{ eGg ;lsGg .

>f]tMhfu/0f g]kfnsf] >f]t s]Gb|åf/f ljleGg % /fli6«o b}lgs klqsfx?df dlxnf lx+;f ;DjGwL ;d]l6Psf 36gfx?sf] cfwf/df ul/Psf] ljZn]if0f .

ljZn]if0f

46 hfu/)f cleofg

hfu/0f g]kfnn] ljut nfdf] ;do b]lv ;+rf/sf ljleGg dfWodx? dfkm{t dlxnf clwsf/, dfgjclwsf/, ;'zf;g / ;r]tgf clej[l4 ug]{ p2]Zon] lgoldt jsfnt ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . To;}u/L dlxnfx?sf] Ifdtf clej[l4, g]t[Tj ljsf;, gLlt jsfnt dlxnfsf] /fhgLlts, ;fdflhs, cfly{s nufPtsf If]qx?df ;dfj]zL ;xefluf clej[l4 ug{sf nflu ;d]t ;+rf/ dfWodaf6 jsfnt u/L/x]sf] 5 .

/fhgLlts kf6L{ tyf cfufdL ;+ljwfg;ef ;fy} ljleGg tx tKsfdf dlxnfsf] ;dfg'kflts ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ug{sf nflu ;+jlGwt lgsfosf] Wofgsif{0f ub}{ ;f]sf nflu jx;, 5nkmn tyf k}/jL u/L /fhgLltsdL{ dlxnfx?sf] Ifdtf clea[l¢ ug{sf] nflu /]l8of] sfo{qmd ;+rfng eO/x]sf] 5 . hfu/0f g]kfnn] lhNnf ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfx?;+usf] ;xsfo{ / ueg]{G; km]l;lnl6sf] cfly{s ;xof]udf dlxnf ;dfgtf gfds /]l8of] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ePsf ljleGg ^ lhNnf tyf s]Gb|af6 ;d]t ;+rfng ePsf] 5 .

dlxnf ;dfgtf

hfu/0f g]kfnn] s]Gb|Lo :t/df ;fd'bfoLs ;"rgf g]6js{ (CIN)sf] ;xsfo{df d]/f] Pkm= Pd= (#=% d]ufxh{ af6 k|To]s d+unaf/ laxfg &M#) b]lv *M)) ah];Dd "dlxnf ;dfgtf" sfo{qmd k|;f/0f eO/x]sf] 5 . dlxnf clwsf/ jsfntsf nflu ;+rfng ul/Psf] lgoldt /]l8of] sfo{qmd dlxnf ;dfgtfdf dlxnfsf] Ifdtf clej[l4, g]t[Tj ljsf;, gLlt jfsfnt dlxnfsf] /fhgLlts, ;fdflhs, cfly{s nufPtsf If]qx?df ;dfj]zL ;xeflutf clej[l4 ug{sf nflu ax; 5nkmn ub}{ dlxnf clwsf/ :yflkt ug{ ;xof]u ug'{ sfo{qmddsf] p2]Zo /x]sf] 5 .

sfo{qmddf ljz]if u/L :yfgLo :t/ b]lv /fli6«o :t/ ;Ddsf dlxnf clwsf/ sdL{, gful/s ;dfhsf cu'jfx?, gLlt lgdf{0f txdf ePsf ;/f]sf/jfnf JolQmx? tyf /fhgLlts, ;dflhs,cfly{s If]qdf sfo{/t dxTjk"0f{ JolQmx?;+u k|ToIf 5nkmn sfo{qmd ug]{ ul/G5 . pQm sfo{qmd tfKn]h'Ësf] /]l8of] tdf]/, kfFry/sf] ;'dTn'Ë, Onfdsf] Onfd Pkm=Pd=, df]/Ësf] /]l8of] kl/jt{g, emfkfsf] /]l8of] ;/ud / sfe|]sf] gja'4 Pkm=Pd=af6 ;d]t k|;f/0f x'g] u/]sf] 5 .

sfo{qmddf g]kfndf dlxnf ;xeflutfsf] cj:yf tyf r'gf}tLx?, ljleGg If]qdf dlxnf ;xeflutfsf] ;du| cj:yf,lhNnfx?df ;dfgtfsf] cj:yfaf/] hfgsf/L, ;/sf/sf gLlt tyf sfo{qmd / dlxnf d}qL ah]6, :yfgLo lgsfodf dlxnf ;xeflutf / To;sf nflu ug'{kg]{ tof/L, dlxnfd}qL sfg'g lgdf{0fsf] nflu 7fpg'kg]{ ;jfnx?, /fhgLltdf dlxnf ;xeflutfM cfjZostf, r'gf}lt / cj;/x?, ;'rgfsf]

kx'Frdf dlxnfsf] cj:yf, 3/fo;L sfd lhDd]jf/L / 3/leqsf] sfdsf] afF8kmfF8 cj:yf, dlxnfx?nfO{ /fhgLlts g]t[Tjdf k'/\ofpgsf nflu 3/ aflx/ k'?ifsf] e"ldsf,:yfgLo :t/df lgjf{rgsf] tof/L dlxnfd}qL lgjf{rgsf nflu cfof]un] ul//x]sf] sfdx?, bLuf] ljsf; nIo / dlxnfsf] b[li6sf]0f, g]kfndf dlxnf dfgjclwsf/sf] cj:yf, /fi6«;+3df dlxnfsf ljifoj:t' / g]kfnsf] cj:yf, dlxnf pBdLsf nflu ul//x]sf] sfd / sfg'g, nlIft ju{sf] ah]6 / sfof{Gjogsf] cj:yfsf ;fy} :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] e"ldsf, /fhgLlts bndf dlxnf ;xeflutfsf] cj:yf, ;fdflhs If]qdf sfo{/t u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?sf] jt{dfg cj:yfMpknAwL tyf r'gf}tLx? nufPt dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfsf] ;jfndf cfPsf r'gf}tL / cfufdL sfo{lbzf h:tf dxTjk"0f{ ljifox?df jsfnt ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 . xfn ;Dd s]Gb|Lo :t/df @( efu sfo{qmd k|zf/0f eO;s]sf] 5 .

To;}u/L lhNnf :t/df :yfgLo d'4fx?sf] jsfnt ub}{ lhNnf tyf u|fdL0f :t/sf dlxnfx? dlxnfx? ljz]ifu/L l;dfGts[t ;d"bfosf] :yfgLo ;'zf;g lgjf{rg, lg0ff{os tx / /fhgLltdf dlxnfsf] ;dfj]zL ;xeflutf nufPtsf d'4fx?df jsfnt ug{ tyf dlxnfsf xs clwsf/sf] :yfkgf ug{sf nflu hgr]tgf clej[l4 ug]{ p2]Zon] kl/of]hgf ;+rfng ePsf 5 lhNnfsf lhNnf :t/df kflIfs ?kdf /]l8of] sfo{qmdx? k|zf/0f eO/x]sf 5g\ ;Ktsf]zL Pkm=Pd= () d]3fxh{sf] ;xsfo{df ;'g;f/L lhNnfsf] O6x/Laf6 kflIfs ?kdf ;dfgtf gfds /]l8of] sfo{qmd k|zf/0f eO/x]sf] 5 . cGo 5 lhNnf tfKn]h'Ë -/]l8of] tfKn]h'Ë, ($=@ d]ufxh{_,kfFry/ -l;+xlnnf Pd Pd (^=# d]ufxh{_, Onfd -Onfd Pd=Pd (# d]ufxh{_, emfkf -/]l8of] kl/jt{g (#=^ d]ufxh{_, df]/Ë -:sfO{ Pkm Pd !)^ d]ufxh{_ / sfe|]df -k|fOd Pkm=Pd=!)$=% d]ufxh{_] af6 lhNnfsf] lhNnf :t/df ;d]t kflIfs ?kdf dlxnf ;dfgtf gfds sfo{qmd k|zf/0f eO/x]sf] 5 . xfn ;Dddf k|To]s lhNnfdf !)÷!) efu k|;f/0f eO;s]sf] 5 . h;af6 lhNnf tyf cGo lhNnfsf ;d'bfo :t/sf gful/sx? k|ToIf ?kdf nfeflGjt eO/x]sf 5g\ .

s]Gb|Lo tyf :yfgLo :t/sf /fhgLlts bnsf dlxnf tyf k'?if g]tfx?, /fhgLlts sdL{, a'l4lhjL, kqsf/, gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx?nfO{ sfo{qmddf cfdGq0f u/L k|ToIf ?kdf 5nkmn ug]{ ul/G5 . :yfgLo :t/sf gful/sx?nfO{ k|ToIf ?kdf dlxnfsf d'4fx?sf] jsfnt ug{ / :yfgLo d'4fx?sf] p7fg ug{ / gLlt lgdf{0f txdf To;sf] sfof{Gjogdf ;sf/fTds bjfj k'Uf]sf] 5 .

;+rf/ jsfnt

;+rf/ j

sfnt

hfu/)f cleofg 47

5fkfdf hfu/0f g]kfn 5fkfdf h

fu/0f g]kfn

48 hfu/)f cleofg

sfo{qmdsf emnsx?

sfo{qmdsf emnsx/m

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b'O{ zAb - jagarannepal.org fileb]zsf] zf;g ;+rfngsf] nflu agfOg] d"n sfg'g g} ;+ljwfg xf] . ;+ljwfgn] /fHosf c+ux? sfo{kflnsf, Gofokflnsf / Joj:yflksf aLrsf] ;DaGwsf] ;fy;fy} /fHo