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Botany Basics Amy Fulcher Assistant Professor Sustainable Ornamental Plant Production and Landscape Management
Presentation � Introduction � Snack break � Overview/refresher on how plants work
and implications for nursery and landscape situations � Roots � Trunks/branches � Snack break � Leaves
Introduction to Amy � Extension Philosophy
“Enhance the current and future ornamental horticulture industry by addressing their needs through collaborations in quality education, demonstrations, and applied research.”
� Program seeks to integrate applied research with extension education � IPM manual � Joint website
� More on my research program later today!
The smallest flower in the world can… � Fit in a sewing needle eye � Is less than 2 salt grains end to end � Is the size of Abraham Lincoln’s ear on a
penny
http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/labs/plantanatomy.htm
• Some plant parts lose water, some take up water (and nutrients)
• Areas of growth • Vascular and
apical
We have these amazing, diverse plants because of their anatomy, physiology, and ability to fill niches
Plants do these (and other things) differently
MONOCOTS DICOTS
� Embryo with single cotyledon Embryo with two cotyledons � Flower parts in multiples of three Flower parts in multiples of four or
five � Major leaf veins parallel Major leaf veins reticulated � Stem vascular bundles scattered Stem vascular bundles in a ring � Roots are adventitious Roots develop from radicle � Secondary growth absent Secondary growth often present
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/glossary/gloss8/monocotdicot.html Photo Credit: Wikipedia
Plants do these (and other things) differently
MONOCOTS DICOTS
� Embryo with single cotyledon Embryo with two cotyledons � Flower parts in multiples of three Flower parts in multiples of four or
five � Major leaf veins parallel Major leaf veins reticulated � Stem vascular bundles scattered Stem vascular bundles in a ring � Roots are adventitious Roots develop from radicle � Secondary growth absent Secondary growth often present
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/glossary/gloss8/monocotdicot.html Photo Credit: Wikipedia
What Do Root Systems Really Look Like? Where are the Roots?
• Roots are in top 12-18 inches
• Roots grow horizontally 1.5 to 2.0 the ht of the tree (not dripline)
• No taproot
Where are the Roots: Root Distribution
http://www.kwch.com/lifestyle/home-and-garden/ct-sun-garden-0116-morton-roots-20110113,0,7416892.story
Photo courtesy Aaron Escobar / January 13, 2011
O2
No O2
What Do Tree Roots Do? � Anchor trees � Uptake water and nutrients � Store carbohydrates (underground away
from animals)
Things not to do:
� Trench/severe roots � Dump cleaners/chemicals � Drive/park vehicles � Pile bricks and firewood � Allow plants to become pot bound � Leave twine/burlap around trunk at
planting
What Do Branches Do? � Support leaves
� Maximize sunlight interception
� Get flowers/fruits into sunlight, access to pollinators
� Shed snow loads � Extend fruit so more
visible, dispersed
Live Oak Photo Credit: unknown, www
Another Thing Branches, Trunk Do… � Supports, houses
conductive tissue � Xylem and phloem!
� Herbaceous Dicots-Stem vascular bundles scattered
� Monocots-Stem vascular bundles in a ring
� Trees-concentric rings � Trees grow up and out
Leaves � Intercept light (leaf area = irradiance) � House photosynthetic apparatus � Water evaporates, exits the plant � Cools leaves
� Transpirational stream is energy free and moves hundreds of gallons of water per day against gravity!! � 500gal/day redwoods
What Not To Do � Coat leaves with substances that clog
stomata. � Allow plants to wilt � Midday wilt - Too dry or isn’t being
replaced as fast as it is moving out of the leaves?
Vein patterns
Photo credit: http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/site/StoryDetails.aspx?id=872 http://www.flickr.com/photos/scotnelson/5684510146/sizes/z/in/photostream/
Summary � Anatomy and physiology of plant parts
provide clues on how to care for plants. � Phloem: sugars to roots � Xylem water to leaves � Roots: shallow, wide, branch from tips � Branches Trunks: increase in girth � Leaves: prune in triangle, careful with
coatings, ample water for cooling, gas exchange