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©Brooks/Cole, 2003 Figure 7-1 Computer System
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©Brooks/Cole, 2003
Chapter 7
Operating Systems作業系統(電腦的管家婆 )
©Brooks/Cole, 2003
Define the purpose and functions of an operating system.Define the purpose and functions of an operating system.
Understand the components of an operating system.Understand the components of an operating system.
Understand the concept of virtual memory.Understand the concept of virtual memory.
Understand the concept of deadlock and starvation.Understand the concept of deadlock and starvation.
After reading this chapter, the reader should After reading this chapter, the reader should be able to:be able to:
OOBJECTIVESBJECTIVES
List some of the characteristics of popular operating systemsList some of the characteristics of popular operating systemssuch as Windows 2000, UNIX, and Linux.such as Windows 2000, UNIX, and Linux.
©Brooks/Cole, 2003
Figure 7-1Computer System
©Brooks/Cole, 2003
DEFINITIONDEFINITION
7.17.1
©Brooks/Cole, 2003
An operating system is an An operating system is an interface between the interface between the
hardware of a computer and hardware of a computer and the user (program or human) the user (program or human) that facilitates the execution that facilitates the execution
of the other programs and the of the other programs and the access to hardware and access to hardware and
software resources. software resources.
Note:Note:
©Brooks/Cole, 2003
EVOLUTION:EVOLUTION:Batch systemsBatch systems
Time-sharing systemsTime-sharing systemsPersonal systemsPersonal systemsParallel systemsParallel systems
Distributed systemsDistributed systems
7.27.2
©Brooks/Cole, 2003
COMPONENTSCOMPONENTS
7.37.3
©Brooks/Cole, 2003
Figure 7-2
Components of an operating system
©Brooks/Cole, 2003
Figure 7-3
Monoprogramming
©Brooks/Cole, 2003
Figure 7-4Multiprogramming
©Brooks/Cole, 2003
Figure 7-5
Categories of multiprogramming
©Brooks/Cole, 2003
Figure 7-6Partitioning
©Brooks/Cole, 2003
Figure 7-7Paging
©Brooks/Cole, 2003
Figure 7-8Virtual memory
©Brooks/Cole, 2003
Figure 7-9 State diagram with the boundaries between a program, a job, and a process
©Brooks/Cole, 2003
Figure 7-10Job scheduler
©Brooks/Cole, 2003
Figure 7-11Process scheduler
©Brooks/Cole, 2003
Figure 7-12Queues for process management
©Brooks/Cole, 2003
Figure 7-13 Deadlock
©Brooks/Cole, 2003
Figure 7-14 Deadlock on a bridge
©Brooks/Cole, 2003
Deadlock occurs when the Deadlock occurs when the operatingoperating
system does not put resource system does not put resource restrictionsrestrictions
on processes.on processes.
Note:Note:
©Brooks/Cole, 2003
Figure 7-15.aStarvation
©Brooks/Cole, 2003
Figure 7-15.bStarvation
©Brooks/Cole, 2003
Figure 7-15.cStarvation
©Brooks/Cole, 2003
Figure 7-16Dining philosophers
©Brooks/Cole, 2003
POPULAR OPERATING SYSTEMS:POPULAR OPERATING SYSTEMS:Unix; Linux; WindowsUnix; Linux; Windows
7.47.4