Budget 2016 - வரவுசெலவுத்திட்ட உரை- 2016

7/21/2019 Budget 2016 - - 2016

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udpy; tpf; fukrpq; f mth; fspd; fUj; njhUkpj; j murpay; > khw;wkilahj nfhs; if

xd; wpw;fhd mh; g;gzpg; G Mfpadtw; iw mbg; gilahff; nfhz; l mh; g;gzpf; fg; gl; l

jiykj; Jtj; jpd; ,af; ftpay; ; %yk; ,yq; if kf; fSf; F njhlh; r;rpahd rdehaf

ntw; wpfis miltjw; F toptFj; jJ.

4. fle; j gj; Jkhj fhy FWfpa fhyg; gFjpapy; > ,yq; ifapd; r%f> nghUshjhu kw; Wk;

murpay; Jiwfspy; Vw;gLj; jg;gl; l khw; wq;fisf; Fwpg; gplj; jf; f xU tplakhff;

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khj fhyg; gFjpahdJ flg; gjw;F kpfTk; fbdkhd xU fhy fl; lkhf tpsq; fpaJ.

neUf; fbf; Fs; shf; fg; gl; l nghUshjhuk; > mjpf msptyhd ghugl; rq; fs; kw; Wk;

ehl; bd; rpWghd; ik mjpfhuj; ijf; nfhz; l murpay; Ml; rpnahd; wpw;Fs; ehk; ngw; Wf;

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,yq; ifnahd; wpid cUthf; Ftjw; F topje; Js; sJ.

5. vf; ld; gpuG mth; fspd; gpugy; ak; tha; e;jJk; > fth; r;rpfukhdJkhd trdq; fshd

“ mjpfhuk; Coy; epiwe; jjhFk; . KOikahdmjpfhuk; Coiy Kw; WKOjhf; fptpLfpd; wJ ” vd; gij gpujpgypf; Fk; xU Ml; rpapd; J~; gpuNahfq; fs; thiog; go

Fbauir ,yq; ifapy; cUthf; fpapUe;jJld; mt; thl; rpf; fhyj; jpd; ,Wjpf; fl; lj; jpy;

,yq; ifgy el; G ehLfspdhy; xJf; fg; gLk; xU epiyikf; F js; sg; gl; lJ.

,f; fhyg; gFjpapy; > xU Njrj; jth; vd; w hPjpapy; ehk; vkJ nfsutj; jpid

,oe; Js; sNjhL> gy; NtW ehLfshy; toq; fg; gl; l [P v]; gP (GSP+) trjpaspg; gpd; fP ohd

rYiffs; KbTWj; jg;gl; lik> INuhg; gpa xd; wpaj; jpw;fhd kP d;fspd; ,wf; Fkjpfs;

jil nra; ag; gly; Nghd; w ,d; Ndhud; d gpur; rpidfSf; Fk; Kfq; nfhLf; f Nehpl; lJ.

fle; j rpy khj fhyq; fshf ehk; tp[ak; nra; j ehLfspy; vkf; Ff; fpilj; j

tuNtw; ghdJ kpfTk; rhjfkhf mike; jNjhL> mit vk; khy; kPz; Lk; ]; jhgpf;fg; gl; l

rpwe;j rdehaf gpd; dzpapd; fhuzkhfNt fpilf; fg; ngw; wd.

6. 2015 [dthp khjj; jpy; ngw;Wf; nfhz; lJ vd; dntd; why;> xU neUf; fbf; F mz; kpa

kuGhpikahFk; . ,e; neUf; fbahdJ> nghUshjhunkhd; Wf;F khj; jpuky; yhky; ntspehl; L

mYty; fs; > eyd; Ghp tplaq; fs; > ey; yhl; rp> rl; lKk; MizAk; njhlh; ghd nfhs; ifg;

gpur;rpidfisAk; Nehf; fp tphpthf; fg; gl; lNjhL> ,e; epiyikahdJ njhlh; e;J

fhzg; gLkhapd; me; epiyikahdJ ehl; L kf; fSf; Fk; > vjph;fhyg; guk; giuf; Fk; >

ghjfkhd tpisTfisf; nfhz; L te; jpUf; ff; $Lk; . ehk; kpFe; j jpwikAld;

neUf; fbahd epiyikf; F Kfq; nfhLj; Js; sNjhL> ,dp NkYk; > mt; thwhd

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rthy; fSf; F ijhpaj; JlDk; > jd; dk; gpf;ifAlDk; Kfq; nfhLf; f KbAk; vd; gJ

vdJ ek; gpf;ifahFk; . nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> “ E}W ehl; fspd; Gul; rpahdJ ”

vkJ eilghijapy; vjph; kiwahd epiyikfis rhjfkhd epiyikf; F khw; WtJk;

neUf; fbahd epiyikia epth; j; jp nra; Ak; KiwikiaAk; rpj; jhpf; fpd; wJ.

7. fle; j murhq; fj; jpd; nghUshjhuf; nfhs; ; iffs; mbg; gilapy; Njhy; tpaile; jjhfNt

fhzg; gl; lJ. jhq; fpf; nfhs; s Kbahj fld; Riknahd; iw ,g; nghUshjhuk;

nfhz; bUe; jpUe; jJ. murpiw tUkhdk; nkhj; j cs; ehl; L cw; gj; jpapd; tP jkhf 1990

Mk; Mz; bd; murpiw tUkhdj; Jld; xg; gpLifapy; > miug; gq; if tpl

tPo;r;rpaile; Js; sJ. NkYk; >cw;gj; jpj; jpwdw; w KjyP Lfs; murhq; f epjpf;

fl; likg; gpid gytP dg; gLj; jpAs; sJld; > tpidj; jpwdw; w muRilik

njhopy; Kaw; rpfSlDk; > kw;Wk; Coy; epiwe; j ngWifr; nrad; Kiwfs; > Kiwaw; w

ntspehl; Lf; fld; ngWiffs; > xg; ge;jq; fspd; toq; fy; fs; Nghd; wd ey; yhl; rpf;Fk; >

ntspg; gilj; jd; ikf; Fk; Nfypf; $j; jhf mike; Js; sJ. xU ehl; bd; nghUshjhuk; jtwhf topelhj; jg; gLk; NghJk; > jtwhd Kiwapy; ifahsg; gLk; NghJk; > me; ehl; bd;

vjph;fhyk; mghafukhd Mgj; Jf; fSf; F Kfq; nfhLf; f NehpLtNjhL> fle; j Ml; rpf;

fhyj; jpd; Nghjhd nghUshjhuf; nfhs; iffspd; fhuzkhf ,yq; ifAk; mt; thwhd

gaq; fukhd tyankhd; Wf;Fs; gpuNtrpj; jpUe; jJ.

8. ,yq; ifapd; ntspehl; Lf; nfhs; iffs; FiwghLfisf; nfhz; L fhzg; gl; lNjhL>

ehk; fLk; nghUshjhuj; jilfSf; F Kfq; nfhLf; f Ntz; ba epiyikf; Fk; cs; shf

Ntz; bapUe; jJld; Kd; dh; vkf; F Mjutspj; j ehLfs; $l tiuaWf; fg; gl; l

cjtpfis toq; fNt Kide; jikapdhy; > ehk; vkJ nghUshjhur; nraw; ghLfisj;

jdpahfNt Nkw; nfhs; s Ntz; ba epiyik Vw; gl; lJ. murhq; f nfhs; ifahdJ

tPz; tpuak; kw; Wk; Coy; vd; gd Kd; G mwpe;jpUf; fg; glhj kl; lq; fis vl; lf;$bathw

mghafukhd tpisTfis jUtdthf ,Ue; jJld; vjph; kiwahd nrad; Kiwfs;

ngUk; ghYk; rl; lj; Jf; F Kuzhd gpd; dzpnahd; wpy; eilKiwg; gLj; jg; gl; ld.

tWikia xopg; gjw; fhd epfo; r;rpj; jpl; lq; fs; murpay; hPjpahf Cf; Ftpf; fg; gl; lNjhL>

me;ed; ikfs; tWikapdhy; ghjpf; fg; gl; bUe; j kf; fisr; nrd; wilatpy; iy. ehl; bd;

rl; lKk; > rkhjhdKk; Nfhj; jpu Afnkhd; wpw; ;F khw; wg;gl; L te; jNjhL> ,e; ehL

gbg; gbahf epyg; gpuGj;Jt Kiwikf; Fk; khw; wkile; J te; jJ. ,uh[gf; ~

eph;thfkhdJ ,yq; ifapy; epytpa neUf; fb kw; Wk; gaq; futhjj; jpid xopg; gjw; Fmh;g;gzpj; jpUe; jJ. mtu; fs; gilapdupd; cjtpAld; jha; ehl; bid gaq; futhj

gaj; jpypUe;J tpLtpg; gjpy; ntw; wp ngw;wpUe;jikf; fhf mtu; fis ehk; ghuhl; bahf

Ntz; Lk;. vt; thwhapDk; ,j; jifa epiyikfis Kw; WKOjhf khw; wpaikj; j

fhuzpiaAk; ehk; kwe; J tplf; $lhJ. 2001 ,d; ,Wjpg; gFjpahdJ ,yq; iff; F

vjph;kiwahd nghUshjhu tsh; r;rp> Aj; jr; r+oy; > kw;Wk; nghUshjhu

Nfe;jpu]; jhdq; fs; kPjhd jhf; Fjy; fs; fhuzkhf kpf neUf; fbahd xU fhy

fl; lkhfNt tpsq; fpaJ. Ml; rpf;F te; j gpujkh; nfsut uzpy; tpf; fpukrpq; f mth; fs;

cs; slf; fpa murhq; fj; jpdJ ,iaghd nfhs; iffs; fhuzkhf Nkw; gb nghUshjhu

rupT jLj; J epWj; jg; gl;lJld; nghUshjhuk; tsh; r;rpia Nehf; fp vLj; Jr; nry; yg; gl; lJ

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7/21/2019 Budget 2016 - - 2016


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m) xU kpy; ypad; Ntiy tha; g;Gf;fis cUthf; Fjy; .

M) tUkhd kl; lq; fis tpUj; jp nra; jy; .

,) fpuhkpag; nghUshjhuq; fis mgptpUj; jp nra; jy;.

<) fpuhkpa kw; Wk; Njhl; lj; JiwfspYk; > eLj; ju tFg; igr; rhh; e;jth; fspdJk;

kw;Wk; murhq; f Copah; fspdJk; Mjd chpikia cWjpg; gLj; jy; .c) gue; j kw; Wk; cWjp tha; e;j eLj; ju tFg; gpdiu cUthf; Fjy; .

12. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> ,f; nfhs; iff; $w; whdJ Fwpg; gplj; jf; f xd; whf

tpsq; FtNjhL> ,t; tuT nryTj; jpl; lj; Jf; fhd mbg; gilahfTk; mike; Js; sJ.

,yq; ifapd; nghUshjhuj; jpw;F eP z; l fhy rhjfkhd ngWNgWfisf; nfhz; L tuf; ;

$ba Njrpa uP jpapy; Kf; fpaj; Jtk; tha; e;j tphpthd nfhs; iffisAk;

cs; slf; fpAs; sJ. nghUshjhu kw; Wk; mgptpUj; jp ,yf; Ffis miltjw; fhd

rhpahd nghUshjhu mbj; jsnkhd; wpd; Njitapid ,jd; %yk; njspthff;

fhl; lg; gLfpd; wJ. mt; thwhd cWjpahd mbj; jsnkhd; wpd; Clhf khj; jpuNkFwpg;gpl;l ,yf; FfisAk; > Fwpf;Nfhs; fisAk; milaf; $bajhf cs; sJ. vdNt

jhd; > ntw; wpfukhd Kd; Nehf;fpa gaznkhd; wpid ,yf; fhff; nfhz; l nghUshjhu

,yf; nfhd; Wf;F gpujhd NtWghLfis Nkw; nfhs; ; tjhdJ> ,d; wpaikahjjhFk;

vd; gJ ,g; nghUshjhuf; $w; wpd; %yk; Fwpg; gpl;Lf; fhl; lf; $bajhf cs; sJ.

13. vdNt> vkJ murhq; fj; jpd; nfhs; ifahdJ> re; ijfspy; Rje; jpukhfr;

nraw; gLtjw; fhd jilfis eP f;Ftjid ikakhff; nfhz; Ls; sJ. nfhs; iff;

$w;wpd; rP h;jpUj; jq; fs; ,f; $w;wpy; gpujhd ,lj; ijg; ngWfpd; wd. Kd; nkhopag; gl; Ls; s

rPh;jpUj; jq; fs; jdpahh; Jiwapd; nghUshjhu eltbf; iffSf; F Mjutspg; gJkhj; jpuky; yhJ KOikahd nghUshjhur; nrad; Kiwapy; mth; fspd; gq; ifAk;

cWjpg; gLj;JtjhfTk; fhzg; gLfpd; wJ.

14. Kd; nkhopag; gl; l ,f; nfhs; ifahdJ rP h;jpUj; jq; fspd; Clhf tpN~lkhf gy

Mz; Lfshf topfhl; lypd; wp xJf; fg; gl; bUe; j muRlik njhopy; Kaw; ; rpfs; kw; Wk;

rh;tNjr th; j; jfk; Nghd; w eltbf; iffspd; kPJ tpN~l ftdk; nrYj; jg; gLfpwJ.

,yq; ifapd; th; j; jfr; r%fj; jpd; kPJ Nkhrkhd Kiwapy; jhf; fj; ij Vw; gLj; jpapUe;j

fle; j murhq; fj; jpdhy; cUthf; fg; gl; l kuG KiwfspypUe; J ntspNa tUtjw; Fk;

,r; rPh;jpUj; jq; fs; Nkw;nfhs; sg; gl Ntz; baJ mtrpakhFk; . nghUshjhu

Kfhikj; Jtj; jpy; vjph; T $w Kbahj xOq; fw;w nghUshjhuf; nfhs; iffSk; >

xOq; fw;w eilKiwfSk; Kd; ida ,uh[gf; ~ Ml; rpf; fhyg; gFjpapy;

fhzf; $bajhf ,Ue; jNjhL> Kd; nkhopag; gl; Ls; s rP h;jpUj; jq; fSk; > xOq; fhd

nghUshjhuf; nfhs; iffSk; vkJ murhq; fj; jpid mt; thwhd vjph; kiwahd

nrad; KiwfspypUe; J efu; tjw; F cjtpd.

15. ,t; thwhd rP h;jpUj; jq; fspd; Clhf cs; ehl; Lg; Nghl; bj; jd; ik> rh; tNjr th; j;jfk; >

KjyP Lfs; > jpwd; fs; kw; Wk; vkJ ehl; L kf; fspd; cw; gj; jpj; jpwid tpUj; jp

nra; tjd; %yk; rh; tNjr nghUshjhuj; jpd; mgptpUj;jpfs; njhlh; ghf ftdk;

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nrYj; jg; gLk; . NkYk; > vkJ mwpit ikakhff; nfhz; l r%f re; ijg;

nghUshjhukhdJ r%f eP jpf; Nfhl; ghLfspd; kPJ eph; khzpf; fg; gly; Ntz; Lk;.

16. nghUshjhuj; Jiwapy; khj; jpukd; wp murpay; > r%f> fy; tp> kw; Wk; Rfhjhuk; Nghd; w

Vida gy JiwfisAk; > gyg; gLj; Jtjw; Fg; nghUj; jkhd nghwpKiwnahd; wpid

]; jhgpg;gJTk; vkJ jpl; lkhFk; . vdNt jhd; nfsut gpujkh; mth; fshy;

Kd; itf; fg; gl; l nfhs; iff; $w; wpy; ,t; tplaq; fs; midj; Jk; cs; slf; fg; gl; Ls; sd.

17. Rje; jpuj; jpypUe; J mike; jpUe; j Ml; rp mjpfhuq; fshy; filgpbf; fg; gl; l nghUshjhu

nfhs; iffspid kP sha; T nra; tJ MNuhf; fpakhdjhf mikayhk; . rkfhy

epiyikfSf; F toptFj; j Neu; f; fzpa kw; Wk; vjpu; f;fzpa mk; rq; fis Gs; sptpgu

mbg; gilapy; ntspg; gLj; JtNj nghUj; jkhdjhf ,Uf; fyhk; .

18. ehq; fs; vkJ ehl; bd; gpujhd Kaw; rpahz; ikahd tptrhaj; ij ikakhf; nfhz; Nl

njhlh; r;rpahf eltbf; iffis vLf; fTs; Nshk; . vkJ nghUshjhuk; fhyk; fhykhf

tptrhaj; ij mbg; gilahff; nfhz; L mike; Js; sJ. ehk; MrPh;thjk; ngw; w xU

Njrj; jpduhf cs; Nshk; . Nkd; ikjq; fpa rdhjpgjp ikj; jphpghy rpwpNrd mth; fspd;

tptrha Jiw kP jhd Gjpa mZFKiwahdJ ,yq; if czTg; ; ghJfhg; giltJ

khj; jpuky; yhky; tptrha cw; gj; jpg; nghUl; fis Vw; Wkjpia ehbAk; vLj; Jr;

nry; fpd; wJ. mg; NghJ vkf; F ,yq; ifia tuyhw; wpy; Fwpg; gpl;Ls; s gb “ fpof; fpd;

jhdpaf; fsQ; rpak; ” vd miof; ff; $bajhf ,Uf; Fk; . vkJ mjpNkjF rdhjpgjp

mth; fspd; njhlh; r;rpahd mh; g;gzpg; ghdJ ,yq; ifapd; tptrhag; nghUshjhuj; jpy;

,yhgq; fis mDgtpg; gjw; F toptFf; Fk; .

2016 tuT nryTj; jpl; lj; jpw;fhd gpddzp

19. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> ,t; tuT nryTj; jpl; lj; jpid Kd;

itg; gjw; Fmbg; gilahf mike; j gy tplaq; fs; kPJ cq; fs; ftdj; ij<u; f; f

tpUk; Gfpd;Nwd;. 1948 Mk; Mz; by; Rje; jpuk; mile; jjpypUe; J ,d; W tiu

Kjyhspj; Jtthj> Nrhrypr thj eyd; Ghp nghUshjhug; Nghf; Ffis mbg; gilahff;

nfhz; L Vw;Wf; nfhs; sg; gl; l nghUshjhuf; nfhs; iffspd; ; Clhf ehk; khwp khwp

gazk; nra; jpUf; fpd; Nwhk; ; .

Rje; jpuk; mile;jjpypUeJ 1977 Mk; MzL tiu

20. 1948 Mk; Mz; by; ,yq; if gphpj; jhdpah; fsplkpUe; J Rje; jpuj; jpidg; ngw; Wf;

nfhz; likahdJ xU kpUJthd khw; wkhf fhzg; gl; lJ vd; gij tpsf; Ftkhf

,Ue; jhy; vkJ nghpa tuyhw; Wg; Nguhrphpah;fSs; xUtuhd Nf.vk; . B. rpy; th

mth; fs; vkJ ehl; il “ cWjpg; ghL> rkhjhdk; kw; Wk; mikjpf; fhd xU G+Q; Nrhiy ”

vd; W th; zpf; FksTf; F vkJ ehL mikjpahd xU ehlhff; fhzg; gl; lJ. MapDk; >

,uz; lhk; cyf Aj; jj; jpd; gpd; dh;> Rje; jpuj; jpw;fhfg; Nghuhba mt; thwhd Vida

gy ehLfspd; Rje; jpuj; jpw;fhd Nghuhl; lkhdJ td; Kiw mopTfs; epiwe; jitahfNtmike; jpUe; jd.

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21. ,yq; ifapd; murpay; tuyhw; wpy;> jw; Nghija xd; wpize; j Njrpa murhq; fj; jpw;F

Kd; dh; ,t; thW cUthf; fg; gl; l xd; wpize; j xNu Njrpa murhq; fk; vkJ

Njrj; jpd; je; ij fhyk; nrd; w nfsut B.v]; . Nrdhehaf; fh mth; fshy; rpq; fs kfh

rgh kw; Wk; jkpo; fhq; fpu]pd; MjuTld; xd; wpize; J cUthf; fg; gl; l Njrpa

murhq; fj; jpidf; Fwpg; gplyhk; . mf;fhyj; jpy; ;> ,yq; ifapd; nghUshjhukhdJ> r%fre; ijg; nghUshjhuj; jpid mbg;gilahff; nfhz; l xU tptrhag; nghUshjhukhf

fhzg; gl; lNjhL> Njapiy> ,wg; gh;> kw;Wk; njd; id Mfpad gpujhd cw; gj; jpg;

nghUl; fshfTk; > kw;Wk; gpujhd Vw; WkjpfshfTk; tpsq; fpd. ,ul; ilg; nghUshjhu

KiwikahdJ mf; fhyj; jpy; ehl; L kf; fspd; Njitg; ghLfis Nghjpa mstpy;

g+h;j; jp nra; af; $ba mstpy; czTg; gaph; fisAk; cw; gj; jp nra; tjpy; <Lgl; lJ.; ;

mf; fhy fl; lj; jpd; gpujhd nghUshjhur; Rl; bfshf 120 If; fpa mnkhpf; f

nlhyh; fshf ,Ue; j jyh tUkhdj; jpidAk; > xU gpy; ypad; If; fpa mnkhpf; f

nlhyh; fshf ,Ue; j nghUshjhuj; jpidAk; Fwpg; gpl;Lf; fhl; lf; $bajhf cs; sJ.

22. ,f; fhy fl; lj; jpd; NghJ nghUshjhu xOq; F tpjpfs; kpff; Fiwthf ,Ue; jNjhL>

me;epiyikahdJ> jpwe; j xU re; ijg; nghUshjhuk; cUththjw; F toptFj;jhYk; >

rh;tNjr th; j; jfj; jpw;fhd tha; g;Gf;fSk; ; kw; Wk; Fiwe; j kl; lq; fspyhd

Vw;WkjpfSk; > eyd; Ghpj; jpl; lq; fs; kP jhd njhlh; r;rpahd <LghLk; mtw; wpd; jhq; fpf;

nfhs; s Kbahj nrytP dKk; vkJ ehl; bd; nghUshjhuj; jpidNkhrkhd Kiwapy;

ghjpg;Gf;Fs; shf; fpAs; sJ. murpaypdhy; ce; jg; gl; l eyd; Ghpj; jpl; lq; fs; nghUshjhu

RgPl; r milTfis vjpu; kiwahd Kiwapy; ghjpj; Js; sNjhL> Njrpathj

gpur;rpidfs; gy; NtW tsq; fSk; jpl; lkplg; glhJ Njrpakakhf; fg; gLtjw; F

toptFj; Js; sJ> nghUshjhuf; nfhe; jspg; Gf;fisAk; ngUfr; nra; jpUe; jJ.

23. vOgjhk; Mz; Lfspd; Muk; gk; %lg; gl; l> fl; Lg;ghLfSldhd> gq; fPl;Lg;

nghUshjhunkhd; wpidj; ; Njhw; Wtpj; jJ. mt; thwhd nghUl; fSf; fhd jilfs;

epytpa fhyj; jpy; tho; e;jtu; fs; mjid epidT $Uk; NghJ mjid “ muprpj;

jilf; fhyk; ” (vLj; Jr; nry; yf; $ba mhprpapd; msT tiuaWf; fg; gl; bUe; jik)

“ ghz; tupir ” (ghzhdJ gq; fPl;Lf; F cl; gl; bUe;jNjhL> ml; ilfspd; %yk;

toq; fg; gl; lik)> vd; Nw epidT $Wtu; . mJ khj; jpuky; yhky;> Jzpfs; kw; Wk;

Vida mbg; gilj; NjitfSk; gq; fPl;L tiuaiwf; ;Fs; ikag; gLj; jg; gl; L

,Ue; jikapdhy; kf; fs; nghUshjhur; Rje; jpuj; jpid miltjpy; rpukk; fhzg; gl; lJ.mf; fhyg; gFjpahdJ gy; NtW Efh; Tg; nghUl; fis efh; j; Jtjpy; jilfs; epuk;gpa

xU fhykhff; fhzg; gl; lNjhL> fl; Lg;gLj; jg;gl; l me; j AfkhdJ> 1997 Mk; Mz; by;

,yq; if rdehaf Nrhryp]f; Fbaurpd; KjyhtJ epiwNtw; W [dhjpgjpahd

fhyQ; nrd; w nfsut N[.Mh; [ath; jd mth; fs; pd; jiyikj; Jtj; jpd; fP o; “ jpwe;j

nghUshjhuf; Nfhl; ghLfis ” mbg; gilahff; nfhz; l rP h;j; jpUj; jq; fis cs; slf; fpa

fhyg; gFjpAld; epiwT ngw; wJ.

24. 1977 Mz; lstpy; vkJ nghUshjhukhdJ 4.1 gpy; ypad; I.m. nlhyh; fisAk; 294

I.m. nlhyh; jyhtUkhdj; ijAk; nfhz; l xU rpW nghUshjhukhFk; . ,e; j Kg; gJ

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8

tUl fhyg; gFjpapy; jyh tUkhdJ ntWkNd 174 I.m. nlhyh; mjpfhpg; igf;

nfhz; bUe; jJ.

1977: Gjpa rpe; jid

25. 1977 Mk; Mz; by; If; fpa Njrpaf; fl; rpapd; ngUk; ntw; wpAld; 1977 Mk; Mz; lhdJ

nfhs; ifg; Gul; rpnahd; wpw;F toptFj; jNjhL> ,yq; ifapd; nghUshjhukhdJ>

ngUk; ghYk; xNu ,utpNyNa jpwe; J tplg; gl; lNjhL> mt; thwhd xU Gul; rpia

Nkw;nfhz; l xNu xU Mrpa ehlhfTk; ,yq; if tpsq; fpaJ. fl; Lg;ghLfsw; w jpwe; J

tplg; gl; l nghUshjhu Nehf; fhdJ> ntspehl; L KjyP l; lhsh; fSf; F cw; gj; jpj; jpwd;

tha; e;j fUj; jpl; lq; fspy; KjyP L nra; tjw; fhd tha; g;gpid Vw; gLj; jpf; nfhLj; jNjhL>

mf; fhyj; jpy; epytpa Nrhryp] tiuaiwfis eP f;fp ,yq; if cs; Nehf;fpa

nghUshjhu KiwikapypUe; JtpLgl; L cah; e;j mstpyhd nghUshjhu

tsh; r;rpnahd; wpid Nehf; fp efu; e;jJ.

26. ,wf; Fkjpf; fl; Lg;ghLfisf; Fiwj; jy; > fld; re; ijfis tpLtpj; jy; >

xd; wpizf; fg; gl; l nryhtzp tpfpj Kiwikfspd; mwpKfk; > mur epWtdq; fspdhy;

Vw;gLj; jg; gl; Ls; s tu; j; jf jdpAupikfis ,y; yhnjhopj; jy; > tpiyf; fl; Lg;ghl; L

Kiwikfis eP f;Fjy; ;> kw;Wk; muRlik njhopy; Kaw; rpfis jdpahh; kag; gLj; jy;

Nghd;w ,d; Ndhud; ditfNs ,f; fhy fl; lj; jpy; Nkw;nfhs; sg; gl; l jP tpukhd

rPh;jpUj; jq; fshFk; . ,g; nghUshjhu rP h;jpUj;jr; nrad; Kiwapd; gpujhd

vz; zf; fUthf “ ve;jnthU murhq; fKk; tpahghuk; nra; tjw; fhd tpahghuj; jpy; <Lgl

KbahJ ” vd; gijAk; > xU ehl; bd; nghUshjhu tsh; r;rpapd; nghwpKiw jdpahh; Jiwahf ,Uf; f Ntz; Lk; vd; gijAk; gpujhdkhff; Fwpg; gpl KbAk; .

27. Nkd; ik jq; fpa fhyQ; nrd; w N[.Mh; [ath; jd mth; fspd; mikr; ruitahdJ>

Nkd; ik jq; fpa fhyQ; nrd; w uzrpq; f gpNukjhr mth; fs; > nfsut nuhdp b nky;

mth; fs; > fhyQ; nrd; w nfsut fhkpdp jprhehaf; fh mth; fs; > vdJ nrhe; j

topfhl; bAk; > FUTk; fhyQ; nrd; w nfsut yypj; mJyj; Kjyp mth; fs; kw; Wk;

vOgJfspy; ; tsh; e;J tUk; xU murpay; el; rj; jpukhf tpsq; fpa jw; Nghija gpujkh;

nfsut uzpy; tpf; fpukrpq; f Nghd; w gy Kf; fpa murpay; Gs; spfis

cs; slf; fpapUe;jJ. ,t; tpN~l murpay; thjpfs; ,yq; ifapd; nghUshjhuj; jpidrpwe;j topapy; vLj; Jr; nrd; wNjhL> nghUshjhu tsh; r;rp Ntfj; jpid Rkhh; 6 rjtP j

ruhrhp epiyikf; F miltjw; F khj; jpuky; yhky; ntspehl; L cjtpahdJ> ghhpa

mstpyhd KjyP Lfspy; Fwpg; gplj; jf; f tsh; r;rpapid cUthf; Ftjw; Fk;

cl; gl; bUe; jJ.

28. 1983 Mk; Mz; by; cUf; nfhz; l cs; ehl; Lf; fytuk; > nghUshjhu tsh; r;rp Ntfj; jpd;

gpd;dilTf; F XusTf; F toptFj; jNjhL> If; fpa Njrpaf; fl; rp murhq; fj; jpd;

nghUshjhu tpUj; jpfs; 1994 Mk; Mz; L tiu njhlug; gl; lJ. 1994 Mk; Mz; L

Nkd; ik jq; fpa jpUkjp re; jphpf;fh gz; lhuehaf; fh FkhuJq; f mth; fs; “ kf; fs;

Kd; dzp ” apy; ,yq; ifapd; Kjy; [dhjpgjpahf njhpT nra; ag; gl; lhh;.

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1994 – 2001 : “ kffs Kddzpapd Mlrpf; fhyk; ”

29. 1994 Mk; Mz; L Ml; rpf;F te; j Gjpa murhq; fk; Kd; ida murhq; fj; jpd; jpwe; j

nghUshjhuf; nfhs; iffis njhlh; r;rpahf vLj; Jr; nrd; wNjhL> muRlik

njhopy; Kaw; rpfis jdpahh; kag; gLj; Jk; nrad; KiwiaAk; Jhpjg; gLj; jpaJ. NkYk;

cs; ehl; Lf; fytuj; jpd; tphpthf; fKk; >Fwpg;gpl;l nghUshjhu ,yf; Ffspd; kPJNkw;nfhs; sg; gl; l jP tputhjpfspd; jhf; fq; fs; nghUshjhu Kd; Ndw;wj;jpidj;

jLj; jNjhL> nghUshjhuj; jpd; ftdj; jpid NtWgf; fk; jpUg; gpaJ. ,jw; Fg; gpujhd

fhuzk; nghUshuj; jpid tpUj; jp nra; tjy; yhky; gaq; futhjj; ij xopg; gjpy;

murhq; fj; jpd; ftdj; ijr; nrYj; JtjhFk; . 2000 Mk; Mz; lstpy; ;> ,yq; ifapd; jyh

tUkhdk; 869 If; fpa mnkhpf; f nlhyh; fis nfhz; l Fiwe;j tUkhdj; ijf;

nfhz; l nghUshjhukhff; fhzg; gl; lJld; nkhj; j cs; ehl; L cw; gj; jp 16.6 gpy; ypad;

If; fpa mnkhpf; f nlhyh; fshf ,Ue; jNjhL> Ntiyapd; ikahdJ 10 rjtP jj; Jf; Ff;

fpl; ba ngWkjpapidf; nfhz; bUe; jJ. Rje; jpuk; mile; jjpypUe; J Kjy; jlitahf

tsh; r;rp NtfkhdJ 2001 Mk; Mz; by; vjph; kiwahd tsh; r;rp tP jnkhd; wpidg; gjpT

nra; jJ.

2001 – 2004 Xu U tUl kP s; jpUggk;

30. jw;NghJ gjtpapYs; s gpujkh; nfsut uzpy; tpf; fpukrpq; f mth; fspd;

jiyikj; Jtj; jpd; fP ohd If; fpa Njrpaf; fl; rp murhq; ff; fhyg; gFjpapy;

,t; ntjph; kiwahd Nghf; fpid khw; wpaikj; J kP z; Lk; xU Kiw rhjfkhd

tsh; r;rpnahd; wpw;F tpj; jpl; lJ. ,t; turhq; fj; jpd; njhiyNehf; F gy; NtW

njhopy; Kaw; rpahsh; fSf; F tpN~l tha; g;Gf;fis toq; fpaNjhL> Gjpa KjyP Lfs;

gytw; iw nghUshjhuj; jpw;F ey; yhl; rpAlDk; > ntspg; gilj; jd; ikAlDk; Vw;gLj; jpf;

nfhLj; jJ. Vw; fg; gl; l nghUshjhuf; nfhs; iffspd; %yk; gy; NtW cau; ed; ikfis

kf; fSf; F toq; fpaNjhL> kP z; Lk; xU Kiw ,yq; ifapd; nghUshjhuj; ij rhjfkhd

tsh; r;rpg; Nghf; fpw;F vLj; Jr; nrd; wJ.

31. ,t; thwhd ijhpakhd mZFKiwfspd; Clhf gpd; jq; fpa nghUshjhuj; jpw;F Gjpa

cj; Ntfnkhd; wpid toq; fpaNjhL> fle; j Ml; rpf; fhyj; jpd; Nghjhd ke; jg;

Nghf;Fila nghUshjhu eltbf; iffis rpwe; j epiyikf; F Jhpjkhf khw; Wtjw; F

xU Gjpa mZFKiw <LgLj; jg; gl; lJ. MapDk; > ,f; fhyg; gphptpd; Muk; gj; ijgpd;tUk; vjph; T$wy; %yk; Fwpg; gpl KbAk; .

“ ,yq; if fLk; nghUshjhu neUf; fbapYs; sJ. mjd; cz; ik vd; dntd; why; > vkJMokhd gLfld; RikNa ,e; neUf; fbf; Ff; fhuzkhf cs; sJ. NkYk; >nghUj; jkhd eltbf; iffs; vLf; fg; glhtpl; lhy; > ,yq; ifapd; vjph; fhy re; jjpapdh; Ntiyapd;ikf; Fk; > Fiwe; j tUkhd kl; lj;jpw; Fk; Kfq; nfhLf; f Ntz; bNaw;glyhk; .vdNt> ,yq; ifia mopTg; ghijf; F ,l; Lr; nry; y toptFf; fhJ ghJfhg; gjw; fhf

epjhdj; JlDk; > GJg; gpf;fg; gl; l njhiyNehf; FlDk; nray; gl Ntz; bAs; sJ. NkYk; jw; NghJ eilKiwapy; cs; s nray; Kiwfisg; gpd; gw; w KbahJs; sNjhL>

nghUshjhuj; jpid rP h; jpUj; j Ntz; bAKs; sJ ”

.

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32. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> vdJ $w; wpid kw; WnkhU gf; fk; jpUg; Gtjw; F cq; fs;

mDkjpapid Ntz; Lfpd; Nwd;. Vnddpy; > md; W Fwpg;gplg;gl; litfs; ,d; iwf; Fk;

nghUj; jkhfTs; sJ vd; gij fUj; jpy; nfhs; s Ntz; bajdhyhFk; . mjpy;

Fwpg;gplg;gl; Ls; s nrhw; gjq;fspd; fUj; Njhl; lk; kPz; Lk; kPz; Lk; Muhag; gl

Ntz; Lnkd; gJ vd; gJ vdJ vz; zkhFk; .

33. 2001 Mk; Mz; by; Ml; rpf;F te; j murhq; fk; ,uz; liu tUl Ml; rpapy;

Fwpg;gplj; jf;f nfhs; if khw; wq;fis Nkw; nfhs; tjd; %yk; tpN~l rl; lq; fs;

rpytw; iw mwpKfg; gLj; jpaJ. mit murpiw Kfhikj; Jt (nghWg; Gr;)rl; lk; >

Efh; Nthh; tptfhu mjpfhu rigr; rl; lk; >njhopyhsu; rl; lj; jpy; Ntiy KbTWj; jy;

kPjhd epYitapYs; s jpUj; jq; fs; , njhopy; gpzf; Fr; rl; lk; > ngz; fs; > ,s tajpdh; >

rpWtu; fs; kw; Wk; njhopypy; mkh; j; Jk; rl; lk; > eyNdhk;G gpujpcgfhur;

rl; lk; Nghd;wdthFk; .NkYk; > Gul;rpfukhd gpNuuizfshf Kd; itf; fg; gl; l Gjpa

kj; jpa tq; fpr; rl; lk; > kw;Wk; ntspehl; Lr; nryhtzp Kfhikj; Jtr; rl; lk; Mfpa,uz; L rl; lq; fSf; Fk; mq; fPfhuk; toq; fg; gLtjw; F Kd; dNu ,t; turhq; fkhdJ

fiyf; fg; gl; lJ.

34. mur Jiw rP h;jpUj; jq; fspd; Clhf nghUshjhu tiuaiwfis

,Wf; fkw; wjhf; Ftjid ikakhff; nfhz; L ntspehl; L KjyP Lfisf; fth;tjw; Fk;

kw;Wk; khw; wPl; L eltbf; iffspd; Clhf nghUshjhuj; jpid Nkk; gLj; Jtjw; Fk;

,f; fhyg; gFjpapy; ftdk; nrYj; jg;gl; lJ.

35. ,k; Kw;Nghf;fhd gbKiwfs; murpay; hPjpahf gpugy; ak; tha; e;jitahf

,y; yhtpl; lhYk; > murhq; fk; fl; Lg;ghlhd epjp xOq; FfisAk; > re; ijf; F el; Gwthdnfhs; iffisAk; Ngzf; $bajhf ,Ue; jJ. ,f; FWfpa fhyg; gphptpy; vkf; Fg;

gy; NtW ntspehLfSld; ,ize; J mth; fsJ xj; Jiog; igAk; cjtpfisAk;

ngw;Wf; nfhz; L nghUshjhu tpUj; jpnahd; wpw;fhd Gjpa njhiy Nehf; nfhd; iw

cUthf; ff; $bajhf ,Ue; jJ. ,jd; tpisthf> nghUshjhukhdJ fpilf; fg; ngw; w

KjyP Lfspd; ; fhuzkhf tpUj; jpAw;w cw; gj; jpj; jpwdpd; fhuzkhfNt kPz; Lk;

tsh; r;rpaile; jNjhL> nghUshjhu tsh; r;rp NtfkhdJ 6 rjtP jkhf mjpfhpg; gjd;

%yKk; > gztP f;fk; 2 rjtP jkhfTk; tP o;r;rpaile; jJ. MapDk; > 2004 Mk; Mz; L

Vg;uy; khjk; ,lk; ngw; w murhq; f khw; wj;jpd; fhuzkhf vjph; ghh;f; fg; gl; l

tsh; r;rpiaAk; > nghUshjhu kWkyh; r;rpiaAk; mila Kbahky; NghdJ.

2005 – 2014 uh[gf; ~ Ml;rpf; fhyk;

36. 2005 ,ypUe; J 2014 Mk; Mz; L tiuapyhd fhyg;gFjpahdJ tuyhw; wpy;> kf; fspd;

vjph;ghh;g;Gf;fs; kpfTk; cr; r epiyapy; fhzg; gl; lhYk; mitfspd; miljyhdJ

rhjhuz kl;lj; ijAk; milatpy; iy.

37. 2009 Mk; Mz; L Aj; j KbTld; >%d;W jrhg; jq; fshf ehl; by; fhzg; gl; l Aj; j

R+o;epiyAld; $ba midj; J jug; gpduhYk; fz; bf; fg; gl;l gaq; futhj eltbf; iffs; KbTf; Ff; nfhz; Ltug; gl; lJ. ,yq; if kf; fs; midtUk; nropg; ghd kw; Wk;

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re; Njh~khdnjhU vjph; fhyj; ij vjph; ghh;j;jdh; . Aj; jj; jpd; cr; r fl; lj; jpy; ehl; L

kf; fSf; F jkJ tapw; iwf; fl; bf; nfhs; Sk; gb Ntz; bf; nfhz; l Ml; rpahsh; fs;

fl; il mtpo; g;gjw; F vt; tpj khw; wj;ijAk; nra; atpy; iyvd; gJ njspT. mjpfhpj; J

te; j fld; Rikapd; fhuzkhf ehl; bd; nghUshjhukhdJ> ehSf; F ehs; kpfTk;

,f; fl; lhd epiyf; Fj; js; sg; gl; Lf; nfhz; bUe; jJ. Ml; rpahsh; fspd; ifahl; fspdhy; tpsk; gug;gLj; jg; gl; l Nfhagy; ]; epahaj; jpD}lhf nghUshjhur; nrhy; yhl; rpfs;

Kd; dpiyg; gLj; jg; gl;lJky; yhky; > Ml; rpahsh; fspd; Gfo; ghLgth; fspd; %yk; ,yq; if

vDk; ehL Kd; Nehf;fpr; nry; y KbahJ gL ghjhsj; Jf; Nf nrd; wJ. vt; thwhapDk; >

[dthp 8 Mk; jpfjp ,f; Fkpop ntbj; J khw; wj;ij Vw; gLj; jpaJ .

38. 2009 Mk; Mz; bw;Fg; gpe;jpa fhyg; gFjpahdJ ehl; by; midj; J kf; fsplj; jpYk; ,d>

kj> kw; Wk; rhjp NtWghLfs; mfd; W kf; fs; midtUk; xw; wikAld; md; dpNahd; a

ek;gpf;if kw; Wk; el; Gld; $ba xU fhyg; gFjpahf vOr; rp ngWk; vd

vjph;ghh;f; fg; gl; lJ.mj; Jld; nghUshjhu kP l; rpAk; vjpu; T $wg; gl; lJ. 39. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> ,e; j ,lj; jpy; ehl; il kpfTk; Nkhrkhd

gaq; futhjpfspypUe; J kPl; nlLj; j Kg; gilapdUf; Fk; ; khpahij nrYj; JtJ vdJ

Kjw; fz; flik vdf; fUJfpNwd; . Kg; gilapdh; mth; fsJ FLk; gj; jpdh; kw; Wk;

ez; gh;fspdhy; Nkw;nfhs; sg; gl; l jpahfq; fs; vd; Wk; ehk; kwNthk; . mth; fshy;

Nkw;nfhs; sg; gl; l jpahfq; fis mth; fSf; fhf vj; jid epidTj; J}gpfs; my; yJ

Qhgfhh; j; j epidTfis Nkw; nfhz; lhYk; mjid <L nra; a KbahJ. mth; fspdhy;

ngw;Wj;jug; gl; l rkhjhdk; vDk; ghpir ghJfhg; gJ vkJ flikahFk; . ehk;

ntd; nwLj; j Rje; jpukhdJ epiy epWj; jg; gl; L ghJfhf; fg; gly; Ntz; Lk;.

vt; thwhapDk; > ehk; thOk; cyfpy; fhzg; gLk; mr; RWj; jy; fs; njhlh; ghf kpfTk;

ftdkhf ,Uj; jy; Ntz; Lk;. mNj Nghy; gaq; futhjj; jpd; khWgl; l Njhw; wk;

njhlh; ghf kpfTk; fupridNahL cs; Nshk; . jdpahh; nfhs; iffSf; Fg; gjpyhf

gaq; futhjj; ij vjph; nfhs; tjw; F vkJ may; ehLfs; kw; Wk; cyfshtpa el; G

ehLfSld; cgha mZF KiwAld; nraw; gl Ntz; Lk;. ehl; bd; ghJfhg; ig

cWjpg; gLj; Jtjpy; etP d njhopy; El; gkhdJ Kf; fpa gq; fhw;Wfpd;wJ. ehd; kPz; Lk;

typAWj; Jfpd; Nwd;> ehl; bd; ghJfhg; G vd; w tplaj; jpy; tpl; Lf; nfhLg; Gf;fSf; F xU

NghJk; ,lk; fpilahJ.

40. xU ehl; bd; nghUshjhukhdJ> Ml; rpahsh; fs; njhlh; gpy; ntWk; thh; j; ij [hyq; fs; kw;Wk; Gfo; ghLiffspd; Kfhik nra; a KbahjjhFk; . ehl; bd;

Rw;Wyhj; JiwahdJ>Kd; Ndw;wkilaj; njhlq; fpaJ. KjyP l; lhsh; fs; ehL njhlh; ghf

rhjfkhd Kiwapy; cw; W Nehf; fp kPz; Lk; jpUk; gp te;jdh; . jdpahh; kw; Wk; nghJj;

Jiw KjyP LfSf; F rh; tNjr %yjdr; re; ijapy; Gjpa re; jh;g;gq;fs; fhzg; gl; ld.

MfNt> ehl; bd; nghUshjhu tsh; r;rpahdJ Jhpj fjpahf Kd; Ndw;wkile; jJ. ,J

,yq; ifahdJ eLj; ju tUkhdj; ijf; nfhz; l nghUshjhuk; vd; w me; j]; ij

miltjw; F toptFj; jJ. ,r; re; jh;g;gj; jpy; njd; gFjpiar; Nrh; e;j jkf; Fr; rhjfkhd

gpuNjr murpay; thjp jdJ ifahl; fSld; Nkw;nfhz; l ehrfhu eltbf; ifapd;

fhuzkhf ehl; bd; ew; ngaUf; F fsq; fk; Vw;gl; lNjhL> Rw; Wyh Nkw; nfhz; bUe; j

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,uz; L Rw; Wg; gpuahzpfSf; F Nkw; nfhs; sg; gl; l jhf; FjypD}lhf ehl; bd;

Rw;Wyhj; Jiwf; Fk; <L nra; a Kbahj ,og; ig Vw; gLj; jpaJ. mNj Nghy; > ePq;fs;

midtUk; mwptP h;fs; > vf; fhuzKk; ,d; wp> rl;l eltbf; iffs; ,Oj; jbf; fg; gl; ld.

,jdhy; ghjpf; fg; gl; lth; fspd; ehl; bd; murhq; fkhdJ jiyapl; L rl; l

eltbf; iffs; JHpjg; gLj; jg; gl;ld. 41. 2009 ,w; Fg; gpe;jpa fhyg; gFjpapy; fle; j Ml; rpapd; nghJ nghUshjhu tsh; r;rpg;

Nghf;fhdJ Jhpjkhf tsh; r;rpaile; jJ vdf; fhl; lg; gl; lJ. vt; thwhapDk; >

,t; tpyf; fq; fs; gpujpgypg; gijg; Nghd; W ehl; bd; ruhrhpg; gpui[fs; ed; ikaile; jjhf

njsptpy; iy. XU Gjpa nghUshjhu iky; fy; iy miltjw; fhd gpujhd RNyhfkhf

fhz; gpf;fg; gl; l tplak; vd; dntdpy; > 2016 Mk; Mz; by; > eLj; ju tUkhdk; vd; w

me;j]; ij miltjhFk; . Mdhy; > rh;tNjr fz; ldq; fs; kw; Wk; ntspehl; Lf;

nfhs; if kw; Wk; murpay; thjpfspd; tha; g;Ngr;Rf;fshdJ rh; tNjr kl; lj; jpy; Vw;Wf;

nfhs; sg; glhikapdhy; fle; j murhq; fj; jpdhy; ,yq; ifahdJ> KjyP l; lhsh; fspd;

cupa tpUg; gj; Njh;thf ,Uf; ftpy; iy ,jdhy; > ,yq; ifahdJ tpahghuk; nra; tjw; F

rhjfkhd ehLfspd; gl; bay; jug; gLj; jypy; gpd; js; sg; gl; lNjhL epiyikAk;

ghjpg;gile; jJ. ehl; bd; mikr; ruit cWg; gpdh; xUth; If; fpa ehLfs; rig

fhupahyaj; jpw;F Kd; G rhFk; tiu cz; zh tpujk; ,Ug; gjhf mr; RWj; jiy

Nkw;nfhz; lijAk; mtuJ cz; zhtpujj; ij KbTf; Ff; nfhz; L tUtjw; F Kd; dhs;

jiytu; ,seP iu nfhz; L te; jijAk; ehl; L kf; fs; fz; L nfhz; ldh; . mJkpfr;

rpwe;j murpay; ehlfkhf ,Uf; fyhk; . Mdhy; >mjd; %yk; ehL kpfTk;

ghjpg;gile;jJ. vjph; ghh;j; j ntspehl; L KjyP Lfs; milag; gltpy; iy kw; Wk; el; G

ehLfspdhy; ngw; Wf; nfhLf; fg; gl; l [P .v]; .gP (GSP+) Nghd;w rYiffSk; ePf; fg; gl; ld.ehl; bd; nghUshjhukhdJ> nkJthf Xu; ,Uz; l epiyf; F ,Oj; Jr;

nry; yg; gl; lNjhL> rh;tNjr nghUshjhuj; jilfSk; FWfpa J}uj; jpy; fhzg; gl; ld.

42. Kd; ida murhq; fj; jpw;F ehl; bd; mgptpUj; jpiaj; jf; f itj; Jf; nfhs; tjw; F

mtrpakhd cupa rP h;jpUj; jq; fis Nkw; nfhs; tjw; fhd mhpa re; jh;g;gnkhd; W

fhzg; gl; lJ. rhpahd J}u Nehf; F> murpay; kw;Wk; nghUshjhu topfhl; lypD}lhf

ehlhdJ cah; eLj; ju tukhd me; j]; ij miltjw; F chpa topfhl; liy

ngw;wpUf;Fk; . Mdhy; gpioahd nghUshjhuf; nfhs; iffspd; Clhf top

elhj; jg; gl; l murpaypdhy; ,yq; ifahdJ> gy th; j; jfg; gq; fhspfspdhy; kw; Wk; KjyP l; lhsh; fspdhy; iftplg; gl; lJ. ,J jpiwNrhpf; F NkYk; Rikia

mjpfhpj; jNjhL> gy; NtWgl; l Ngupdg; nghUshjhu rkkpd; ikiaAk; Vw;gLj;jpaJ.

43. ehq; fs; Vw;Wf; nfhs; s Ntz; ba cz; ik vd; dntd; why;> fle; j murhq; fkhdJ

ehl; bd; cl; fl; likg; G trjpfshd tP jpfs; >JiwKfq; fs; > kw;Wk; tpkhd

epiyaq; fis Nkk; gLj; Jk; eltbf; iffis Muk; gpj;jJ. ,jw; fhf fle; j

murhq; fkhdJ> mjp cah; tl; bapy; fld; fisg; ngw; W mur ngWiffs; njhlh; ghd

tpiy kDf; Nfhuy; fspd; Vw;Wf; nfhs; sg; gl;l topfhl; ly; fs; kw; Wk; tiuaiwfis

kPwp xg;ge;jq; fs; ngw; Wf; nfhLf; fg; gl; ld. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs>

cl; fl; likg; G mgptpUj; jp eltbf; iffspy; Fwpg; ghf epjp Kfhikj; Jtk; > eph;thfk; >

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epiyikfs; > kw;Wk; cz; ik epiyikfspy; ,Ue; J tpyfp nghUshjhuk; Kw; whf

epiyFiye; jJ vdyhk; . NkYk; > ehk; ftdpf; f Ntz; baJ vd; dntd; why;> fle; j

murhq; fj; jpd; nghUshjhu tpw; gdh; fs; vt; tifahd nghUshjhuf; Nfhl; ghl; bd; fP o;

nraw; gl; lhu;fs; vd; gjhFk; .

47. vq; fSf; F cWjpahf mtjhdpf; ff; $bajhfTs; sJ vd; dntd; why;> rpy

cl; fl; likg; G trjpfs; cUthf; fg; gl; l NghjpYk; murhq; fj; jpd; nghUshjhuj;

jPh;khq; fspD}lhf fpuhkpa kw; Wk; gpuhe;jpa kf; fSf; F chpa gyd; fs; vjph; ghh;j; jijg;

Nghd;W nrd; wila tpy; iy vd; gjhFk; . kf; fspd; tho; f; if kl; lk; kw; Wk; ehl; bd;

kpfTk; ngWkjpahd tsq; fspd; tsh; r;rpahdJ fle; j jrhg; j fhyj; jpy; vjph; ghh;j; j

mstpy; fhzg; gltpy; iy. tUkhd Vw; wj;jho; T Fwpfhl; bahd fpdpf; FzfkhdJ

ehl; bd; tUkhdj; jpd; ngUk; gFjpahdJ xUFwpg; gpl;l rpyhpilNa Fkpe; jpUg;gijf;

fhl; Lfpd; wJ.

2015: Njrpa Iffpa murhqfk; - murpaypy; yq; ifapd; Gjpa gupzhkk;

48. 2015 rdtupapy; mjpNkjF rdhjpgjp ikj; jpupghy rpwpNrd mtu;fspd; njupT kw; Wk;

nfsut gpujk uzpy; tpf; fpukrpq;f mtu; fspd; ftu; r;rpfukhd jiyikj; Jtj; jpd; fP o;

I.Nj. fl; rpapdhy; jiyikj; Jtk; toq; fg; gl; l Gjpa Njrpa murhq; fk; xd; W

jhgpf; fg; gl; lik ,yq; ifapd; r%f nghUshjhu tuyhw; wpYk; rkfhy murpaypYk;

Gjpa mj; jpahak; xd; wpid cUthf; fpaJ. 2009 ,y; ehk; Nkw;nfhz; l tplaq; fSk;

mjid Nghd; w Vida re; ju;g;gq;fspYk; ehk; ,d; ndhU Kiw jtwtplg; glhj

re; ju;g;gq;fSf; F Kd; du; vjpu; fhy RgP l; rj; jpid cWjpg; gLj; Jtjw; F cupanghUshjhu cghaq; fSld; ehl; bd; eyDf; fhd rpwe; j tha; g;Gfis

ngw;Wf;nfhs; tjw; fhd re; ju;g;gj; jpid Vw; gLj; jp nfhLj; jJ. kiwe; j jiytu; N[hd;

vg;. nfd; dbapd; “ ehl; Lf; fhf eP q;fs; vjid nra; a KbAk; vd; gij ghUq; fs; ehL

cq; fSf; F vd; d nra; fpd; wJ vd; gij ghu; f; fhjP u;fs; ” vd; w gpugykhd $w; wpidg;

gw;wp ehk; rpe; jpf; f Ntz; ba jUzk; ,JthFk; .

49. ehk; njupT nra; ag; gl; lJld; r%fj; jpYs; s gy; NtW FOf; fsplk; ,Ue; J vk; ik

Nehf; fp te; j gy; NtW Nfs; tpfSf; F ehk; Kfk; nfhLf; f Ntz; b Vw; gl;lJ. vkJ

jyh tUkhdk; eLj; ju tUkhdk; ngWk; ehL vd; w me; j]; jpid milfpd; wmsTf; F kpf cau; thf fhzg; gLfpwJ vdpd; > ngUk; ghyhd kf; fs; Vd; ,d; Dk;

Jd; gq;fis mDgtpj; Jf; nfhz; L tho; e;J tUfpd; wdu;? cau; nghUshjhu tsu; r;rp

fhzg; gLkhapd; > mj; jpahtrpa nghUl; fspd; tpiyfs; Vd; ehSf; F ehs;

khw;wkiltJld; ehshe; j tho; tpid rpukj; Jf; F cs; shf; fpAs; sJ? ru; tNjr

re; ijapy; vz; nza; apd; tpiyfs; tP o;r;rp mile; J ,Uf; Fkhapd; > Vd;

vupnghUSf; fhd tpiy vjpu; ghu;j; j msT Fiwtila tpy; iy? vkJ FWfpa fhy

Ml; rpapy; ehd; fhtJ Kiwahf rhjfkhd tpiyf; Fiwg; gpid ehk; Kfhik

nra; Js; s NghjpYk; rpy Nfs; tpfs; tpil fhzhJ njhlu; e;Jk; fhzg; gLfpd; wd.

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50. Gs;sp tpguq; fspy; Fwpg; gplg;gl; Ls; sthW nghUshjhuk; tsu; r;rpaile; Js; sjhapd; > Vd;

vkJ gps; isfs; njhopy; tha; g;G mw; wtu; fshf ,Ug; gJld; ntspehLfSf; F

mjidj; Njbr; nry; fpd; wdu;? nghUshjhu fz; Nzhl; lj;jpy; vt; tpj tpistpidAk;

ngw;Wj; juhj nghUj; jkw; w ,lq; fspy; epu;khzpf; fg; gl;l ngUe; njUf; fs; kw; Wk;

tpkhd epiyaq; fspd; gad; jhd; vd; d? kpfTk; rpukg; gl; L fLikahf ciof; Fk; eLj; ju tFg; igr; Nru; e;j FLk; gk; rpwpa fhu; xd; wpid nfhs; tdT nra; tJ vt;thW?

nghUshjhuk; tsu; r;rpailtjhapd; tup tUkhdk; tP o;r;rpailtJ Vd; ? RUf; fkhf>

,yq; if nghUshjhuj; jpd; cz; ikahd epiy vd; d? vd; gJ r%fj; jpy;

ngUk; ghyhdtu; fspd; fupridahff; fhzg; gLfpd; wJ.

51. ehk; Kd; ida murhq; fj; jplk; ,Ue; J kuGupikahf vjidg; ngw; wpUf;fpd; Nwhk;

vd; gNj ,q; F vOfpd; w Nfs; ; tpahFk; . nghUshjhuj; jpid nghWj; jtiuapy; ehk;

kuGupikahf ngw; wpUf;fpd; w gytP dq; fs; kw; Wk; ghjpg; Gf;fs; vz; zpylq; fhjit.

,it fle; j fhyq; fspd; NghJ vLj; J fhl; lg; gl;l tsu; r;rp njhlu; ghd Gs; sp

tpguq; fSf; F khw; wkhf njhlu; e;Jk; vkJ nghUshjhuj; jpd; fl; likg; gpy; Mokhf

Nt&d; wpAs;sJ. nghUshjhu tsu; r;rpahdJ gpujhdkhf tu; j; jfky; yhj Jiwfspdhy;

Vw;gLtJld; epiyahd tsu; r;rp %yq; fspdhy; Vw;gLtjw; F gjpyhf

murpiwj; Jiwapy; gpujhd fl; likg; G gytP dq; fis kiwf; fpd; w “ tpaf; fj; jf; f

murpiw ” tsu; r;rpfSf; F khw; wkhf mjpfupj; J tUk; nefpo; r;rpaw;w kPz; nlOk;

nrytpd mu; g;gzpg; GfSf; fika kdpj %yjd mgptpUj; jpf; fhd KjyP lhf eP z; lfhy

cw; gj; jpj; jpwd; > tpidj; jpwdw;w ts xJf; fPL vd; gd fhuzkhf tUkhd kl; lj; jpy;

rkkpd; ik fhzg; gl; ljpdhy; jiyf; Fupa tWikr; Rl;bahdJ mjpfupj; jJ.

52. nghUshjhu Vw; wj;jho; thdJ ngUk; ghYk; mjpfupj; J fhzg; gl; lJ. nfsut rghehafu;

mtu; fNs> tuT nryTj; jpl; l Kd; nkhopTfis cUthf; Ftjw;F kpf mjpfkhd

Kaw; rpfs; Nkw;nfhs; sg; gl; lJld; vk; ik Nehf; fp te; j ngUk; ghyhd Nfs; tpfSf; F

2016 ,w; fhd nfhs; if Mtzk; / Njrpa tuT nryTj; jpl; lj; jpd; %yk; jP u;tpid

toq; Ftjw; F ehk; Kaw; rpf;fpd; Nwhk;.

murhqf epjp kwWk; nghUshjhuj; jpd jw; Nghija epiyik

53. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> vkf; F Kd; ,Uf; fpd; w gzpia ehd; ,q; F Kd; itf; ftpUk; Gfpd;Nwd;. ,yq; ifapd; nghUshjhukhdJ ghupa gLfld; Rikapy;

rpf;fpAs; sJld; > cau; e;j tuT nryTj; jpl; l gw; whf;FiwapidAk; vjpu; Nehf; fpAs; sJ.

vt; thwhapDk; gLfld; kw; Wk; tuT nryTj; jpl; l gw; whf;FiwahdJ vkf; F vt; tpj

rk; ge;jKk; ,d; wp vk;kPJ Rkj; jg; gl; lJld; > ,e; epiyikapid vt; tpj epge; jidAk;

,d; wp ehk; Vw;Wf;nfhs; tjw; F jahu; ,y; iy vd; gjid ehd; kPz; Lk; kPz; Lk;

njuptpj; Jf; nfhs; s tpUk; Gfpd;Nwd;. ,jid nghUshjhu fz; Nzhl; lj; jpy;

khj; jpukpd;wp rKjha murpay; Nehf; fpYk; ghu; g;gJld; Gj; jhf; fk; kpf; f gy; NtWgl; l

kw;Wk; tpistpidj; juf; $bajhd rhjfkhd eltbf; iffis vLf; f Ntz; ba

Njit fhzg; gLfpd; wJ. tuT nryTj; jpl; l jpUj; jk; vd; w rhjhuz kuGtop

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Kiwnahd; wpd; Clhf nghUshjhu neUf; fb fhzg; gLfpd; w fhyg; gFjpapy;

tpupthf; fg; gl Ntz; ba ghupanjhU gzp fhzg; gLfpd; wJ.

54. xt; nthU NjrKk; mjd; tUkhdj; jpw;Fs; tho; tJ mtrpakhFk; . ,yq; ifAk; mjw; F

tpjp tpyf; fhdJ my;y. me; jtifapy; > tUkhdk; jpul; Ltjw; fhf tup Nrfupg; G

njhlu; ghd Kaw; rpfis Kd; ndLf; fpd; w epiyapy; ehk; ,y; iy. mNjNghd; W>

epahakhd Nrkpg; G vd; w tplaj; jpw;F Kf; fpaj; Jtk; toq; Fk; tifapy;

ntspg; gilahf nraw; glNtz; bAs; sJ. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> r%fj; jpd;

ed; ikf; fhd ghupa mf; fiwnahd; Wld; tup nrYj; Jdupd; gzj; jpid ehk; KjyP L

nra; a Ntz; Lnkd; w nfhs; ifapid gpd; gw;Wtjw; F ehd; tpUk; Gfpd;Nwd;. fle; j rpy

tUlq; fspd; NghJ tsq; fs; kw; Wk; re; ju;g;gq;fs; tP zhFtjid ftdj; jpw;

nfhs; fpd; w ,e; j nfhs; ifapid gpd; gw;Wtjw; fhd nghUshjhu eltbf; iffs;

vLf; fg; gl; ldth vd; gJ njhlu; gpy; Iak; fhzg; gLfpd; wJ.

55. murpiwj; Jiwapy; fl; likg; G gytP dkhdJ cldbahd ftdj; jpid Ntz; LtJld; ePz; l fhyj; jpy; epiyahd tsu; r;rp fhzg; glhikahdJ ajhu; j; jkhf ,Uf; f

khl; lhJ. cz; ikaw; w Kd; Djhuzq; fs; fhyj; Jf; F fhyk; Njhd; Wfpd;w

nghUspayhsu; fSf; fhd rpwe; j thrpg; ghf mikakhl; lhJ. murpiwg;

gw;whf;FiwahdJ 2001 ,y; nkhj; j cs; ehl; L cw; gj; jpapy; 10 % ,ypUe; J 2014 ,y;

5.7% Mf tP o;r;rpaile; jJld; nkhj; j gLfld; 2002 ,y; nkh.c.cw; gj; jpapy; 102 %

,ypUe; J 2014 ,y; nkh.c.cw; gj; jpapy; 72 % Mf rpy murpiw tsu; r;rp

,lk; ngw;wpUg;gjid ehk; ek; Gk; tifapy; vLj; Jf; fhl; lg; gl; Ls;sJ.

56. ehd; Vw;fdNt Fwpg; gpl;lJ Nghd; W> kPz; nlOk; kw; Wk; %yjdr; nrytpdk; kPjhdmjpf tiuaiwapid tpjpg; gjhdJ midj; J murhq; f tUkhdq; fspYk; gLfld;

toq; fYf; F gad; gLj; jg;gLfpd; wJ. gLfld; Jiwapid tpupthf; Fk; tplaj; jpy;

gLfld; Mw; wy;fs; rpy Fwpg; gplj; jf; f khw; wq;fis Vw; gLj; jpAs; sd. ntspehl; Lg;

gLfld; epYitapy; tu; j; jf fld; fspd; gq; F fle; j fhyq; fspd; NghJ Mw; wypidg;

ngw;Ws;sJ.

57. jdpahu; Jiw nghUshjhu nraw; ghLfSf; F trjpaspg; gJld; Rje; jpu re; ijfspd;

rpwe;j njhopw; ghl; bw;F Kl; Lf; fl; ilahf ,Uf; fpd; w gy; NtWgl; l jilfis eP f;Ffpd; w

nfhs; ifrhu; e;j ntspg; gilahd re; ij Kiwapid gpdgw; Wtjw; F vkJ murhq; fk; Kide; Js; sJ. murpiwj; JiwAld; Muk; gkhFk; nghUshjhuj; jpd; midj; J

JiwfSf; Fk; ghupa kWrP uikg; Gfis ,J Ntz; b epw;fpd; wJ. nghUshjhu

Nghf;fpw;fhd gpujhd Kd; Ndw;wnkhd; wpid Vw; gLj; Jtjw; F Gjpa Kaw; rpnahd; whf

tpahghuj; jpid ,yFthf Nkw; nfhs; sy; Rl; b ( Ease of Doing Business Index) ,id

Kd; Ndw;Wtjw; F ehk; ftdk; nrYj; Jjy; Ntz; Lk;.

58. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> ehl; bd; murpiw Kiwik njhlu; ghd rpy jP tpu

gpur;rpidfs; fhzg; gLtJld; ,yq; ifau; midtUk; mtw; wpd; Kf; fpaj; Jtj; jpid

mwpe;jpUf; f Ntz; Lk; vd; w tifapy; ,q; F tpupthf rku; g;gpf;f tpUk; Gfpd;Nwd;.,tw; wpid ehk; gy tUlq; fshfTk; fle; j 11 khjq; fSk; fye; Jiuahb tUtJld;

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ehL vjpu; Nehf;Fk; murpiw gpur; rpidfspd; cz; ikahd tplaq; fis

fz; lwptjw; Fk; mtjhdpg; gjw; Fkhd re; ju;g;gj; jpid ehd; ngw; Wf;nfhz; Nld; .

,yq; if kf; fspd; ed; ikf; fhf tiuaWf; fg; gl;l tsq; fisg; gad; gLj; jp

,g;gpur; rpidfspid jP u;g;gjw; F ehDk; epjpaikr; rpd; mYtyu; fSk; Mu; tj; Jld;

,Uf; fpd; Nwhk; vd; gij kfpo; r;rpAld; njuptpj; Jf; nfhs; fpd; Nwd;.

tup tUkhdk

59. jpl; lkplg; gl;l mj; jpahtrpa nrytpdq; fis <Lnra; tjw; F Nghjpa tUkhdj; jpid

cUthf; Ftjw; fhd Mw; wypid Vw; gLj; jJfpd; w VNjDk; murpiw Kiwikapid

cWjpg; gLj;j Ntz; baJ mtrpakhFk; . Jujp~; ltrkhf,yq; ifapy; ,k; Kiwik

fhzg; gltpy; iy.,e; epiyik fle;j jhrhg; jj; jpd; NghJ J}z; lg;gl; lJld; vLf; fg; gl; l

eltbf; iffs; vt; tpj mu; j; jKs; s tpisTfisAk; Vw;gLj; jtpy; iy.

60. murpiw tUkhd tP o;r;rpahdJ ehl; bd; ghupa Nguz; l nghUshjhuj; ij

vLj; Jf; fhl;Ltjw; F mjd; Nghf; F Kd; Dupik mbg;gilapy; jpUj;jg;gl Ntz; bAs; sJ.

,yq; ifapd; tup tUkhdk; 1990 ,y; nkh.c. cw; gj; jpapy; 19 % Mf fhzg; gl; lJld;

2014 ,y; nkh.c. cw; gj; jpapy; 10.2 % Mf tP o;r;rpaile; jJ. 2014 ,y; KO

fhyg; gFjpf;Fk; tup tUkhd tsu; r;rp 4.4 % Mf fhzg; gl; lJ. ,J rhjhuz nkh.c.

cw; gj; jp tsu; r;rp tpfpjkhd 7.3 % ,id tpl Fiwthff; fhzg; gl; lJ. ,e; j tifapy;

tup tUkhdk; nghUshjhu tpupthf; fj; jpw;fhd cj; Ntfj; jpid toq; fKbahJ

NghdJld; fle; j tUlq; fspy; Vw;gl; l Nkhrkhd epiyikf; F rhd; whf mike; jJ.

murpiw tUkhdj; jpid mjpfupg; gjw; F Kd;ida fhyq; fspy; vLf; fg; gl; l Kaw; rpfs; vJTk; mf; fhyj; jpy; fhzg; gl; l tP o;r;rp epiyapid Nghf; Ftjw; Fj; jtwpaJ. tup

Kiwikapy; Vwf; Fiwa 35 tupfSk; mwtP LfSk; fhzg; gLtJ

ek;gKbahjnjhd; whFk;. ,r; rl;lq; fspy; rpy fhyhtjpahdJld; tup nrYj; JdHfspdhy;

,yFtpy; tpsq; fpf;nfhs; s KbahJ fhzg; gl;lJ. mtw; Ws; rpy khj; jpuk; tupr;

rl; lq; fs; gw;wp tpsq; fpf; nfhs; s KbAkhff; fhzg; gl;ld.

61. ngWkjp Nru; tupapd; Nrfupg; gpd; tP o;r;rpahdJ fle; j tUlq; fspy; tup tUkhdj; jpy;

tPo;r;rpNaw;gLtjw; F gpujhd fhuzkhf ,Ue; jJ. 2005 ,y; nkhj; j tup Nrfhpg;gpy; 41

rjtP jkhff; fhzg; gl; l ngWkjp Nru; tup tUkhdk; 2016 ,y; 26 rjtP jkhf

tPo;r;rpAw;wJ. NkYk; nkh.c. cw;gj; jpapy; ngWkjp Nru; tup Nrfhpg; G 2004 ,y; 5.8

rjtP jj; jpypUe;J 2014 ,y; 2.7 rjtP jkhf tP o;r;rpaile; jJ. tUkhd tup tP o;r;rpahdJ

2006 ,y; 2.7 rjtP jj; jpypUe;J 2014 ,y; nkh.c. cw; gj; jpapy; 1.9 rjtP jkhf

tPo;r;rpaile;jJ. Njrpa tUkhdk; mjpfhpj; j NghjpYk;> mjw; F Neu; tpfpjkhf tup

tUkhdk; mjpfhpf; fg; gltpy; iy. tup tUkhdk; tP o;r;rpaile; jjw; fhd fhuzk; gy; NtW

tplaq; fs; njhlHe; J kuGtopahf te; jik vd; gJ Fwpg; gplj; jf;fJ. tup epu; thf

KiwNfLfs; fhuzkhf ,zf; fg; ghl;by; fhzg; gl; l gytP dk; gpujhd fhuzkhf

mike; jJ. gy; NtW epWtdq; fspdhy; toq; fg; gl;l tup tpyf; fspg; GfSk; tup

epHthfj; jpid Kiwahf nraw; gLj; Jtjw; F Kl; Lf; fl; ilahf mike; jJ.

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62. tUkhdj; jpy; ngUk; gFjp kiwKf tupfspypUe; J ngwg;gLtJld; Neub tupfspypUe; J

fpilf; Fk; tUkhdk; kpfTk; FiwthdjhFk; . mNjNtis> tup nrYj; Jtjw; F

KbAkhd gyUk; tup nrYj; Jtjw; F flg;ghLilatHfSk; tup Kiwikapy;

KOikahf cs; thq; fg; gltpy; iy. tup Va; g;gpid ,y; yhnjhopg; gjw; fhd Kaw; rpf;F tup

,zf; fg; ghl; L Kiwikapid Nkk; gLj; JtJ mtrpakhFk; . NkYk; tup epHthfk; ]; jpug;gLj; jg; gl Ntz; ba NjitAk; fhzg; gLfpd; wJ.

63. nfsut rghehafH mtHfNs> fle; j rpy khjq; fspd; NghJ tup tpjpg;gdtpy; Gjpa

nraw; jpl; lq; fis filg; gpbg;gjd; %yk; ,g; gpur;rpidfis vjpu; nfhs; tjw; fhd rpy

Kaw; rpfis ehk; Nkw;nfhz; Nlhk; . vt; thwhapDk; > jw; fhypf jP HTfspypUe;J tpyfp

Kd; ndLj; Jr; nry; tjw; fhd cWjpahd kWrP uikg; Gfspd; mbg; gilapy; tup

Kiwikapid cUthf; Ftjw; fhd Kaw; rpfs; vLf; fg;gLtJld; Fwpj; j kWrP uikg; Gfs;

ehl; bd; ed; ikf; fhf Nkw; nfhs; sg; gLjy; Ntz; Lk;.

eilKiwr nrytpdk

64. nfsut rghehafu; mtHfNs> tUkhdj; jpid mjpfhpg; gjw; fhd jdpg; gl; l thp

kWrPuikg; Gfs; murpiw tUkhdj; jpid cWjpg; gLj; Jtjw; F gq; fspf; fg;

Nghtjpy; iy. ,J chpa Kiwapyhd mjpf Kf; fpaj; Jtk; nrYj; jg; gl; l nrytpdf;

Fiwg; G eltbf; iffis mKy; gLj; jg; gl Ntz; bAs; sJ. ,e;jj; Njitapid

vt; thW ehk; czu; e;J nfhs; fpd; Nwhk; vd; gNj vk; Kd; cs; s Nfs; tpahFk; .

mNjNghd; W fle; j Ml; rpapy; nrytpdkhdJ rfy kl; lq; fspYk; mjpfhpj; jpUe; j

Ntisapy; ,lk; ngwf; $lhj tplaq; fspypUe; J ehk; epiwa ghlq; fis ngw; Wf;nfhs; sNtz; bAs; sJ.

65. epuy; mikr; Rf; fs; kw; Wk; jpizf; fsq; fs; mtw; wpdJ eilKiwr; nrytpd

kl; lj; jpid Fiwj; Js; sd vdehd; cWjpahf ek; Gfpd;Nwd;. ,jid tpkHrduP jpahf

Ma; T nra; tjw; fhd Neuk; te; Js; sJld; > tiuaWf; fg;gl; l Neub thp nrYj; Jeu; ; fs;

kw;Wk; r%fj; jpYs; s kpf twpa gphptpdu; cs; slq; fyhf kiwKf tupfspd;

tUkhdk; vd; gtw; wpypUe;J Nkw; nfhs; sg; gLk; tP z; nrytpdq; fisf; Fiwg; gjw; Fk;

Njitf; fjpfkhd epu; thf nrytpdq; fis ,y; yhnjhopg; gjw; Fk; mikr; Rf;fs; kw; Wk;

jpizf; fsq; fspd; nrytpdj; Njitfis kjpg; gpLtjw; fhd mtrpak; Vw;gl; Ls; sJ.

66. Njrpa tuT nryTj; jpl; lj; jpid jahupg; gjpy; g+r;rpa tuT nryTj; jpl; l jahhpg; G

vz; zf; fUtpid ehd; cWjpahf Mjupf; fpd; Nwd;. 2016 tuT nryTj; jpl; lj; jpy;

g+r;rpa tuT nryTj; jpl; l jahupg; G vz; zf; fUtpw; F Kf; fpaj; Jtk; toq; Ftjd;

%yk; xt; nthU nrytply; epWtdq; fSk; mtw; wpd; epjp xJf; fPLfSf; fhd

Ntz; LNfhs; fis tpLg; gjw; F Kd; du; mtw; wpdJ tuT nryTj; jpl; l jahhpg; gpid

epahag; gLj; Jjy; Ntz; Lk;. ,r; nrad; KiwahdJ ,jd; gpd; duhd tuT nryTj;

jpl; lq; fspYk; fLikahfg; gpd; gw;wg;gLk; . nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs fzf; fPl; Lf;

nfhs; iffspd; mbg; gilapy; jahupf; fg; gLk; g+r;rpa tuT nryTj; jpl; l jahupg;ghdJ

Njrpa tuT nryTj; jpl; l jahupg; gpd; NghJ gy; NtW ehLfspy; eilKiwg; gLj; jg; gLtJld; ,e; j g+r; rpa tuT nryTj; jpl; l jahupg; gpid

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nraw; gLj; Jtjw; F ehk; ,t; tsT fhyk; jhkjpj; jJ vdf; F Mr; rupak; mspf; fpwJ.

,e; jtifapy; > nghJj; jpiwNrupahdJ chpa mikr;Rf; fs; kw; Wk; epWtdq; fSf; fhd

xJf; fPLfis kP sha; T nra; jy; njhlu; gpy; 2016 rdthpapypUe; J gpd; D}l; ly;

eltbf; iffis vLf; Fk; .

67. nghWg;Gf; $wj; jf; f murhq; fnkd; w tifapy; kf; fspd; Jauq; fis njspthf

czu; e;Js; sJld; ehk; rk; gsq; fs; kw; Wk; Xa; t+jpaj;jpid Fwpg; gplj; jf; fsT

mjpfupj; jjd; %yk; vkJ cWjpnkhopapid NgZtjw; F KbAkhf ,Ue; jJ.

mNjNtis> murhq; fj; Jiw njhopy; tha; g;ghdJ fle; j gy tUlq; fshf ehd; F

klq; fhf mjpfupj; J ,Ue; jjid vk; khy; czuKbe; jJ.

68. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> ,e; j Nkhrhkhd #o; epiyapd; ntspg; gilahd tpisT

rk; gs nrytpdj; jpy; Fwpg; gplj; jf; f mjpfupg; gpid Vw; gLj; jpaJld; ,J Mff; $basT

mjpfupf; fg; gLtJld; epahag; gLj; j KbAkhd mstpidtpl mjpfkhdjhf ,Ue; jJ.

,e; jtifapy; > murhq; fj; Jiw Ntjdhjpfspd; epiyngW jd; ikapid NgZtjw; fhdcupa topKiwfis ehk; Njl Ntz; bAs; sJ. ,tw; Wld; murhq; fj; Jiw Nrit

toq; fypd; tpidj; jpwd; > gad; tYj; jd; ik kw;Wk; cw; gj; jpj; jpwd; vd; gtw; wpidAk;

Cf; Ftpf; f Ntz; bAs;sJ.

69. mNjNghd; W> gbg;gbahf mjpfupj; J ghupa rthyhf tsu; e;JtUk; kw; WnkhU Kf; fpa

tplak; murhq; fj; jpd; Xa; t+jpa nghWg; ghFk; . taJ Kjpu; e;Njhu; rdj; njhif kw; Wk;

vjpu;fhyj; jpy; mjpfupj; JtUk; nghWg; gpid vjpu; nfhs; Sk; tifapy; tsq; fis

mjpfupf; f Ntz; ba Njit vd; gtw;wpid Kfhik nra; tjw; F cupa eltbf; iffis

vLf; Fk; tifapy; fle;j 2005 - 2014 tUlq; fspd; NghJ Xa; t+jpar; nrytpdk; 170rjtP jj; jpdhy; mjpfupj; jJ. Xa; t+jpak; ngWk; ,yq; ifau; fspd; vz; zpf; if mjpfupg; G

kw;Wk; Xa; t+jpak; kPjhd epjpr; nrytpdk; Mfpad Fiwe; jJ ,e; j kl; lj; jpyhtJ

jPu;f;fg; glhtpl; lhy; rpf; fyhd gy neUf; fbfSf; F cl; glNtz; ba epiyNaw; gLk; .

70. eilKiwapYs; s epjpaspf; fg; glhj jd; ikapyhd Xa; t+jpaj; jpl; lj; jpd; ,ay; gpdhy;

Nkyjpf Neuj; jpid NkYk; mjpfupf; fpd; w nryT vd; gd ghupa nghWg; Gf;fis

Vw;gLj; JtJld; vjpu; fhy tup nrYj; Jdu; fSf; F NkYk; Rikahf mikAk; .

,e; jtifapy; > Xa; t+jpar; nrytpdj; jpid ,e; ehl; bd; kf; fs; jhq; fpf; nfhs; s

KbAkhd xd; whf khw; Wtjw; fhd Gjpa cghaq; fis fz; lwpa Ntz; baJ

mtrpakhFk; . nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> Vw; fdNt ,isg; ghwpatu; fs; kw; Wk;

jw;nghOJ Nritahw; wpf; nfhz; bUg; gtu; fSf; F vt; tpj tiuaiwAkpd; wp Xa;t+jpar;

nrytpdj; jpid jhq; fpf; nfhs; tjw; F murhq; fk; jplrq; fw;gk; g+z; Ls; sJ vd; gjid

ehd; cWjpahff; $wpf; nfhs; s tpUk; Gfpd;Nwd;. Mdhy; > murhq; f Nritf; F Gjpjhf

Nru;j; Jf; nfhs; sg; gl; ltu; fspd; Xa; t+jpak; njhlu; gpy; ehk; vt; thW jpl; lkpLtJ vd; gJ

njhlu; gpy; Gjpa cghankhd; wpid cUthf; f Ntz; baJ mj; jpahtrpakhFk; .

me; jtifapy; > Xa; t+jpa Kiwikapid epiyNgwhdnjhd; whf khw; w KbAk;.

71. ,Jnjhlu; ghd kw; WnkhU tplak; khdpaq; fs; kw; Wk; khw; wy;fspd; toq; fy;

vd; Wkpy;yhjthW mjpfhpf; fg; gl; Ls; sikahFk; . ,J tuT nryTj; jpl; lj; jpy; nkhj; jkPz; nlOk; nrytpdj; jpy; 21 rjtP jkhff; fhzg; gLfpd; wJ. Kd; Ndw;wfukhd

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,yf; fply; cjTnjhifapidf; Fiwj; jy; vd; gd eilKiwr; nrytpdj; jpid

Fiwg; gjw; F rpwe; j ntspg; gilj;jd; ik kw; Wk; tif$wy; fSld; gpd; gw;wNtz; ba

Njit fhzg; gLfpd; wJ. ,jd; %yk; mjpfkhd KjyP l;bid r%f kw; Wk; nghUshjhu

cl; fl; likg; gpw;fhf gad; gLj; j KbAnkd; gJld; cau; nghUshjhu tsu; r;rpf;F

mtrpaKkhFk; . mNjNtis> vkJ r%fj; jpy; tpNrl NjitAila kw; Wk; ftdk; nrYj; jg; gl Ntz; ba ghjpg; Gf;Fs; shd gpuirfs; fhzg; gLfpd; wdu; vd; gjid ehk;

ed; fwpNthk; . VNjDk; ghjpg; Gf;Fs; shdtu; fis ghJfhg; gjw; fhd rpwe; j

topKiwfisAk; mjw; fhd fhuzq; fisAk; fz; lwptJld; njhlu; e;J

xj; Jiog; gpidAk; toq; Fk; .

nghJ KjyP L

72. fle; j murhq; fj; jpd; fhyg; gFjpapy; nghJ KjyP L vd; w tplak; ngUksT

Ngrg; gl; lJld; nghJ KjyP lhdJ ehl; bd; mgptpUj; jpf; fhd kpf Kf; fpa

Njitg; ghlhf khwpapUe; jJ. nghJ KjyP lhdJ jdpahu; KjyPLfis Cf; Ftpg; gjw; F

ehl; Lf; F kpf Kf; fpakhdnjhd; W vd; gjid typAWj; jpf; $w ehd; tpUk; Gfpd;Nwd;.

,f; nfhs; ifapy; vt; tpj fUj; J Kuz; ghLfSk; ,Uf; f KbahJ. vt; thwhapDk; >

nghJ KjyP l; L epfo; r;rpj; jpl; lq; fis ehk; kjpg; gPL nra; Ak; nghOJk; mtw; wpidj;

njupTnra; Ak; nghOJk; epahakhd tpistpid Vw; gLj; jf; $ba tifapy; vkJ

Kd; Dupikfs; kw; Wk; rhj; jpats kjpg; gPLfs; njhlu; gpy; tpNrl ftdk; nrYj; Jjy;

Ntz; Lk;.

73. fle; j fhyj; jpd; NghJ> jdpahu; KjyP lhdJ murhq; fj; jpd; kpif jiyaP L fhuzkhf

ntspj; js; sg; gl; lJ.jdpahu; KjyP lhdJ fle; j tUlq; fspy; nkh.c. cw; gj; jpapy; 22

rjtP jkhf njhlu; e;J fhzg; gl; lJld; 2011 ,y; 24 rjtP jj; jpypUe;J gbg; gbahf

ghpzhkk; mile; J tsu; r;rpg; Nghf; fpid khw; wkilar; nra; Js; sJ. 2005 ,y; nkh.c.

cw; gj; jpapy; 4 rjtP jkhff; fhzg; gl; l murhq; f KjyP lhdJ fle; j 10 tUlq; fspd;

NghJ nkh.c. cw; gj; jpapy; Vwf; Fiwa 6 rjtP jkhf fhzg; gl; lJ. mj;jifa

mjpfupg; ghdJ ghupastpyhd mgptpUj; jpf; fUj; jpl; lq; fspy; KjyP lhf

,Uf; fKbAkhapDk; cz; ikahd tplak; vd; dntdpy; mj; jifa KjyP l; Lf; fhd

epahag; gLj; j KbAkhd tpistpid ve; jsT Vw; gLj; Jfpd; wJ vd; gjhFk; .

mz; ikf; fhy nghJ KjyP Lfspd; toikahd kjpg; gPlhdJ mjpf tl; btpfpjq; fSld; ngUkstpyhd ntspehl; Lg; gLflid nfhz; bUe; j mNjNtis>

gLfld; Rikapid mbg; gilahff; nfhz; l ,Uz; l ke; j nghUshjhunkhd; wpid

Vw;gLj; jpaJ.

nghJg gLfld Kfhikj Jtk

74. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> ehq; fs; ahtUk; mwpe;jJ Nghd; W nghJg; gLfld;

Kfhikj; JtkhdJ Ngz; jF epiyapid cWjpg; gLj;Jtjw; F ,Wf; fkhd

cghaq; fSld; mtruf; ftdj; jpid Ntz;bepw; fpd; wJ. jw; nghOJ nghJg;

gLfldhdJ nkh.c. cw; gj; jpapy; tpfpjkhd Vwf; Fiwa 72 rjtP jkhff;

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fhzg; gLfpd; wJ. ,J ru; tNjr juj; jpy; Vw;Wf; nfhs; sg; gl; l tpfpjj; jpid tpl

mjpfkhdjhFk; .

75. gLfld; Ngz; jF epiyapid ehk; vt; thW cWjpg; gLj; JNthk; vd; gJ tpil

fhzg; gl Ntz; ba kpf Kf; fpakhd tplakhFk; . murpiw Kfhikj; Jtj; jpy;

fLikahd eilKiwfis Ntz; bepw;fpd; w tuT nryTj; jpl; lg; gw; whf;Fiwapid

Fiwf; fpd; w Mw; wy; kw; Wk; mu; g;gzpg; gpy; ,jw; fhd jP u;T jq; fpAs; sJ vd; gJ

ntspg; gilahdjhFk; . gLfld; Kfhikj; Jtj; jpid Nkk; gLj;Jfpd; w Nfhl; ghlhdJ

gLfld; Nritapid jhq; fpf;nfhs; s KbAkhd kl; lj; jpy; NgZtJld; vkJ cghak;

kw;Wk; Nehf; F vd; gd midj; J re; ju; ;g;gq;fspYk; Vw;Wf;nfhs; sj; jf; fjhf ,Uj; jy;

Ntz; Lk;.

mur clikj njhopy Kaw rpfs

76. gpujhd mur clikj; njhopy; Kaw; rpfspd; el;lj; jpy; ,aq; Fk; ,ay; ghdJ Njrpa

tuT nryTj; jpl;lj; jpy; ghupa mOj; jj; jpid Vw; gLj; jpaJ khj; jpuky; yhky; ehl; bd;

epjp Kiwik KOtjpYk; jhf; fj; jpid Vw; gLj; jpAs; sJ. ,e; epiyapid

vjpHnfhs; tjw; fhd Gjpa eltbf;iffis vLg; gjw; F Kbahik Mgj; jhd Nghf; F

vd; w epiyapid mila KbAk; . ,e; jtifapy; > el; lj;jpy; ,aq; Fk; njhopy; Kaw; rpfs;

vd; w epiyapypUe; J mtw; wpid tu; j; jfuP jpapy; rf; jpkpf;f njhopy; Kaw; rpfshf

khw;Wtjw; fhd Kd; Dhpik mbg; gilapyhd kWrP uikg; G eltbf;iffspid

mwpKfg; gLj; j Ntz; ba Njit fhzg; gLfpd; wJ.

77. ,e; j gytP dkhd epiyapid eP f;Ftjw; fhd eltbf;iffs; Vw;fdNtMuk;gpf;fg; gl; Ls; sJ. nghJ njhopy; Kaw; rp mgptpUj; jpf; fhd Gjpa mikr;nrhd;wpid

cUthf; fpaik ,J njhlu;gpy; Kd; ndLf; fg; gl; l gpujhd eltbf; ifahFk; . murhq; f

njhopy; Kaw;rpfspd; Kfhikj; Jt khjpupapid kP s; fl; likg; G nra; tjw; F ehk; ftdk;

nrYj; jpAs; sJld; njupT mbg; gilapy; nghJg; gad;ghLfspy; re; ij mbg; gil

tpiyaply; El; g Kiwfis mwpKfg; gLj; jy; > jw; nghOJs; s Copag; gilapd;

cw; gj; jpj; jpwid Nkk; gLj; Jtjw; fhd eltbf; iffis gpd; gw;Wfpd;w mNjNtis<

Ml; Nru;g;gpidf; Fiwj; jy; kw; Wk; jdpahu; Jiw xj; Jiog; G cs; slq; fyhf murhq; f

njhopy; Kaw;rpfspd; tpidj; jpwid Kd; Ndw;Wtjw; fhd topKiwfis fz; lwpjy;

vd; gdTk; ftdj; jpw; nfhs; sg; gLjy; Ntz; Lk;.

nghUshjhuk njhlu ghd mgptpUj jpfSk Vida tplaq fSk

78. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> xU tUlj; jpw;F Fiwe; j Ml; rpf; fhyg; gFjpapidf;

nfhz; l vkJ fhyg; gFjpapy; Fwpg; gplj; jf; f milnthd; whf gztP f;fj; jpid

ntw; wpnfhs; tJ fhzg; gLfpd; wJ. 30 tUlj; jpw;F Nkw; gl; l fhyg; gFjpapy; Kjw;

jlitahf ,t; tUlk; gzr; RUf; fnkhd; W gjpthfpAs; sJ. ,e; j tP o;r;rpahdJ

vd; idg; nghWj; jtiuapy; > fl; likg; G uPjpahd khw; wnkhd; wpid

gpujpepjpj;Jtg; gLj; Jfpd;wJ. ,e; epiy njhlUkhapd; gztP f;fkhdJ ,t; tUlj; jpd;

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,Wjpapy; 2 - 3 rjtP jkhf njhlu; e;jpUf; Fnkd ehk; vjpu; ghu;f; f KbAk; . eLj; ju

fhyj; jpd; NghJ vkJ ,yf; fhdJ gztP f;fj; jpid fP o; kl; l xw; iw ,yf; fj; jpy;

NgZk; mNjNtis> ,e; j ,yf; fpid mile; Jnfhs;tjw; F kpfTk; Rje;jpukhf

nraw; gLk; tifapy; ,yq; if kj; jpa tq; fpapid ,ayr; nra; tJk; vkJ ,yf; fhFk; .

79. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> Kd; ida murhq; fj; jpdhy; cUthf; fg; gl; L

tpl; Ltplg; gl;l gpur; rpidfspy; ehk; ,d; Dk; rpf; fpAs; Nshk; . ntWk; thu; j; ijfspid

mbg; gilahff; nfhz; l nghUshjhu nrayhw; Wif njhlu; ghd mtu; fsJ gpur; rhuk;

mf; fhyj; jpy; cr; r epiyapy; fhzg; gl; lJld; mit ntw; Wg;ghj; jpuk; ghupa rj; jj; ij

Vw;gLj; JtJ Nghd; wjhfNt khj; jpuk; ,Ue; jJ. ,e; j Mtzj; jpy; Vw;fdNt

Fwpg;gpl;lJNghd; W njhifkjpg; G Gs; sptpgutpay; jpizf; fsk; Gjpa nghUshjhu

tsu; r;rpapid mbg; gilahff; nfhz; l Gs; sptpguq; fis ntspapl; Ls; sJld; mit>

Kw;WKOjhf khw; wkhdnjhU Njhw; wj;jpidf; fhl; baJ. cz; ikapy; >

nghUshjhukhdJ 2013 ,y; 3.5 rjtP jj; jpdhYk; 2014 ,y; 4.5 rjtP jj; jpdhYk;

tsu; r;rpaile; jJ. xg; gPl;L uPjpapy; ,it cUkhw; wg;gl; l Gs; sptpguq; fshf ,Ue; jJ

ftiyf; FhpajhFk; . ,g; gpd;dzpapy; > 2015 ,y; nghUshjhu tsHr; rpahdJ Vwf; Fiwa

6 rjtP jkhf ,Uf; Fnkd ehk; vjpu; ghu;f; fpd; Nwhk;. vkJ milTfisAk;

ntw; wpfisAk; ehk; tpl; Ltplg; Nghtjpy; iy. Mdhy; > GJg; gpf;fg; gl; l njhopy;

Kaw; rpAld; Nghypfs; ,y; yhjhf; fg; gl; L mLj; j rpy tUlq; fspd; NghJ tUlhe; j

tsu; r;rpapid 7 - 8 rjtP jkhf khw; WtJ vkJ ,yf; fhFk; . ,e; j MtzkhdJ

milag; ngw;w tsu; r;rp kl; lq; fis cWjpg; gLj; Jtjw; fhd Vw; ghlhf miktJld;

mjw; fhd rf; jpapidAk; toq; Fk; .

80. Ntiyapd; ikr; Rl; bahdJ ehl; by; Copa rdj; njhifapy; Vwf; Fiwa 4.6 rjtP jkhf

fhzg; gLfpd; wJ. Mdhy; tajpid mbg; gilahff; nfhz; l gFg; gha;thdJ fy; tpfw; w

Ntiyaw; w ,isQu; fs; 20 rjtP jj; jpw;F mjpfkhff; fhzg; gLk; cz; ikahd

epiyikia ntspf; nfhzu; e;jJ. ,J xU Mgj; jhd epiyikahFk; . ,e; epiyapid

vjpu;nfhs; tjw; F cldbahd khw; W eltbf; iffis ehk; vLf; f Ntz; Lnkd; gJld;

,e; epiy NkYk; Nkhrkiltjw; F mDkjpf; fg; gl KbahJ. ehk; fy; tpapd;

ngWkjpapid czu; e;Jnfhs; s Ntz; Lnkd; gJld; fy; tp juhjuq; fis

mile; Jnfhs; tjw; F KbAkhd ,isQu; fSf; fhd tha; g;GfisAk; toq; Fjy;

Ntz; Lk;.81. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> njhifkjpg; G Gs; sptpguj; jpizf; fsj; jpd;

juTfspd; gb tWikr; Rl; bahdJ 6.7 rjtP jj; jpdhy; tP o;r;rpaile; jJ. vt; thwhapDk; >

,yq; ifapd; tWikr; Rl; bfspy; cz; ikahd kjpg; gPL kw; Wk; gz; ghdJ

ehnshd; Wf;F 2 I.m. nlhyu; fistpl Fiwthd rk; ghj; jpaj; jpid ngUk; kf; fspd;

vz; zpf; if 20 rjtP jj; jpid mz; kpj;Js; sJld; ,jpy; ngUk; gq;F twpa

rdj; njhifapdu; vd; gJ njupate; Js; sJ. mj; jifa epiyFwpj; J ehk; jpUg; jpaila

KbAkh? ,yq; ifapy; gpwe;j midj; J gpuirfSk; czT> ciwtplk; kw; Wk;

MilNghd; w mbg; gilj; Njitfisf; nfhz; bUj; jy; Ntz; Lk;. rupahd jP u;Tfis

toq; Ftjw; fhd Kaw; rpnahd; whf njhlu; Gila gpur; rpidfis jP u;g;gJ rk; ge;jg; gl; l

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23

midthpdJk; nghWg; ghFk; . tUkhdg; gfpu; tpy; Vw;wj;jho; T fhzg; gLtJ Fwpj; J ehk;

$baftdk; nrYj; j Ntz; bAs; sJ.

82. vdNt> nghUshjhuf; nfhs; if Kd; ndLg; ghdJ mgptpUj; jpr; nrad; Kiwapy;

r%fj; jpYs; s twpa gpuptpdu; cs; slf; fg; gl; Ls; s Kiwik ed; whf

tbtikf; fg; gLjy; Kf; fpakhd tplakhFk; . ,e; j Kd; ndLg; Gf;fs; rpwe; j Kiwapy;

,yf; fplg; gl Ntz; Lnkd; gJld; murhq; f epjpf; fhd VNjDk; Njitaw; w Rikapid

Fiwf; Fk; tifapy; mit fz; fhzpf; fg; gLjYk; Ntz; Lk;. Ngz; jFepiyf; fhd Gjpa

topfisj; NjLk; r%fj; jpYs; s twpatu; fspy; rpW njhopy; Kaw; rpahsu; fSf; fhd

tha; g;Gfs; toq; fg; gl Ntz; Lnkd; gJld; mit rpWepjp ifj; njhopyhsu; fSf; F rpy

rhjfkhd tha; g;Gfis toq; FtJld; ngUkstpyhd Kd; Ndw;wj;Jf; fhd

ghijapidf; fhl; Lnkd ehd; cWjpahf ek; Gfpd;Nwd;.

83. MNuhf;fpakhd Njrnkhd;wpid cUthf; Fk; tifapy; ,yq;ifapd; rpWtu; fs; kw; Wk;

jha; khu;fsplk; fhzg; gLk; fLk; Nghrhf; fpd; ikia ,y; yhnjhopj; jy; mj; jpahtrpakhdjhFk; . Rfhjhu Nritfs; kw; Wk; ghlrhiyfspd; Clhf nghJ

kf; fSf; fhd fy; tpapid toq; Fjy; kw; Wk; NjitAilatu; fSf;F Nghrhf; Fztpid

toq; Ftjw; fhd cWjpahd nfhs; if ,Jnjhlu; ghd Kaw; rpfis cWjpg; gLj; JtJ

mj; jpahtrpakhFk; . vkJ vOj; jwpT kl; lj; jpy; ehk; ru; tNjr juj; jpid

mile; Js; Nshk; ; . njw; fhrpa ehLfspd; juTfSld; kl; Lk; vkJ Nghrhf; fpd; ik

Rl; bapid xg; gPL nra; jy; ; jpUg; jpfukhdjhf mikahJ. ehk; vkJ juj; jpid

,g; gpuhe;jpaj; jpw;F ntspNa ru; tNjr kl; lj; jpy; xg; gpl;L Nehf; Fjy; Ntz; Lk;.

84.

nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> ,e; j Kaw; rpahdJ cWjpahd nghUshjhunkhd; wpidnfhz; LtUtJld; vkJ ntspthup epiyikapidAk; nrd; kjp epYit kP jpapidAk;

Kd; Ndw;Wtjw; F kpf eP z; l J}uk; gazpf; f Ntz; bAs;sJ. Vw; Wkjpfis

mjpfupj; jy; > ,wf; Fkjpfisepahag; gLj; jy; ;> eilKiwf; fzf; fpw;fhd Vida

cl; gha; r;ry; fis J}z; Ljy; Mfpa nraw; ghLfis Nkw; nfhs; tJld; Njitahd

kWrPuikg; Gfis chpa eltbf; if gug; Gf;fspD}lhf ,r; nrad; KiwahdJ

mKy; gLj; jg; gLjy; Ntz; Lk;.

85. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> ,yq; ifahdJ cau; tu; j; jfg; gw; whf;Fiwapidf;

nfhz; l ehnlhd; whFk; . vkJ Vw; Wkjpfs; gbg; gbahf tP o;r;rpaile; jJld; jw; nghOJ

nkh.c. cw; gj; jpapy; 14 rjtP jk; vd; w Mgj;jhd epiyf; F cs; shf; fg; gl; Ls; sJ.

vt; thwhapDk; > ,wf; Fkjpfs; mjpfupf; fg; gl; Ls; sJld; mit nkh.c. cw; gj; jpapy; 27

rjtP jkhf fhzg; gLfpd; wJ. ehl; bd; tu; j; jfg; Nghf; fhdJ nkh.c. cw; gj; jpapy;

,wf; Fkjpfs; kw; Wk; Vw;Wkjpfspd; rjtPjk; 2000 fspd; eLg; gFjpapy; fhzg; gl; l

Vwf;Fiwa 60 rjtP jj; Jld; xg; gpLifapy; 41 rjtPjkhf tP o;r;rpaile; jJ. ,e; j

tPo;r;rpahdJ fle; j murhq; fj; jpdhy; gpd; gw;wg;gl; l FWfpa ghu; itAila

nfhs; iffshy; Vw;gl; lJld; xU jrhg; j fhykhf tpuptile; jJ. nfsut rghehafu;

mtu; fNs> vkJ ehl; bd; nghUshjhukhdJ jpwe;j nghUshjhuf; nfhs; iffspypUe; J

J}ukhfpa nghUshjhuf; nfhs; iffis nfhz; Ls; sJld; gy tUlq; fshf %lg; gl; lnghUshjhukhff; fhzg; gl; Ls; sJ. jw; nghOJ fhzg; gLk; ghjfkhd epiy

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24

Vw;Wkjpfis Cf; Ftpg; gjw; fhd Njitapid Vw; gLj; jpAs; sJld; kpfTk;

Gj;jhf; fkpf; f nrad; Kiwfspdhy; Kiwahf g+uzg; gLj; jg; gl Ntz; bAs; sJ.

86. ,wf; Fkjp nrytpdj; jpid Ngz; jF epiyahd kl; ; lj; jpy; Fiwg; gjw; fhd

rhj; jpag; ghl;bid cWjpg; gLj; Jjy; Ntz; Lk;. Vw;Wkjp Cf; Ftpg; ghdJ cw; gj; jp

kw;Wk; kPs; Vw;Wkjpf; fhf ,ilepiy> KjyP l; L nghUs; kw; Wk; cau; tUkhd

tFjpapdupd; Njitfs; rhu; ,wf; FkjpfisAk; Ntz; b epw;fpd; wJ vd; gjid ehd;

mwpNtd; . ,e; epiyikapy; >tpupthd Vw; Wkjpr; re; ijfis mile; Jnfhs; Sk;

Nehf; fj; Jld; vkJ cs; ehl; L jahupg; Gj; Jiwapid Cf; Ftpg; gjw; Fk; tptrha

czTg; nghUl; fspd; tpisr; rypid Nkk; gLj; Jtjw; Fk; Njitahd cjtpfs;

nra; ag; gl; bUf; ftpy; iy vd; gNj vkJ mf; fiwahFk; .vkJ ,Wjp Nehf; fk; ahnjdpy; >

Gjpa Vw; Wkjp re; ijfis jpul; bf; nfhs; tJld; jw; nghOJ fhzg; gLk; Vw;Wkjp

re; ijfis tpupthf; Fjy; kw; Wk; Vw;Wkjp nghUl;fis gd; Kfg; gLj; Jk; mNjNtis>

czT jd; dpiwtpd; Clhf ehl; bd; czTg; ghJfhg; gpid cWjpg; gLj; JtJkhFk; .

87. ntspehl; L Copa tUkhdk; ehl; bd; nrd; kjp epYit kP jpapy; kpf Kf; fpa gq; fpid

tfpf; fpd; wJ. murhq; fk; vd; w tifapy; vkJ nghUshjhuj; jpid ]; jpug;gLj; Jtjw; F

jkJ fLikahd ciog; gpd; %yk; ngWfpd; w tUkhdj; jpid vkf; F

mDg; gpitf; fpd; w ntspehLfspy; gzpahw; Wfpd;w ,yq; ifau; fs; midtUf; Fk;

kpfTk; ed; wp$w flikg; gl; Ls; Nshk; . mNjNtis> vt; tpj epge; jidfSk; ,d; wp

mtu; fsJ gq; fspg; gpid ghuhl; Lfpd; w mNjNtis> vkJ jha; khu;fs; > rNfhjupfs;

kw;Wk; ngz; gps; isfis jpwikaw; w Copau; fshf kj; jpa fpof; F ehLfSf; F

mDg; gpitg;gjid Fiwg; gjw; fhd Kaw; rpfis ehk; Kd; ndLj; jy; Ntz; Lk;.

mj; jifa ,lk; ngau; Copaj; Njitf; fhd khw; Wtopahf vkJ nrhe; j ehl; by;

Ntiytha; g;Gfis cUthf; Fjw; fhd eltbf;iffis vLj; jy; Ntz; Lk;. ,e; j

Nehf; fj; jpid mile; Jnfhs; tjw; F midj; J topfisAk; ehk; fz; lwpjy; Ntz; Lk;.

vkJ Copau; fspd; jpwd; Mw; wypid tpUj; jpnra; Ak; Kaw; rpapy; khw; W cghakhf

,yq; iff; F ntspNa njhopy; tha; g;Gf;fhf mjpf Mw; wy;fs; kw; Wk; gapw; rpfisg;

ngw;wtu; fs; kw; Wk; mDg; gpitf; fg; gLtu; . mj; jifa eilKiwahdJ ntspehl; L

njhopy;tha; g;gpid vjpu; ghu;j; jpUf; Fk; gyUf; F ngWkjp Nru; g;ghf mikAnkd; gjpy;

vt; tpj re; NjfKkpy; iy.

88. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> ntspehl; Lr; nryhtzpapid Fwpg; gplj;jf; fsT<l;bj; jUtJld; nghUshjhur; nraw; ghLfis Cf; Ftpj; J ehl; bd; mgptpUj; jpf; F

gq;fspg; Gr; nra; Ak; Rw;Wyhj; Jiwapd; Kf; fpaj; Jtj; jpid eP q;fs; ed; F mwptP u;fs; .

vkJ ehL Rw; Wyh ikankhd; W vd;w tifapy; KOikahd Mw; wy;fisAk;

nfhz; bUg; gJ vd; gjid ehk; czu; e;Jnfhs; s Ntz; Lk;. jw; nghOJ ,lk; ngw;Wf;

nfhz; bUg; gJ vd; d vd; gjid ehk; kpfTk; Mokhf Nehf; f Ntz; bAs; sJ.

Kd; ida murhq; fj; jpd; rpW gps; isj; jdkhd ntWk; RNyhfq; fs; khj; jpuk; vk; ik

cyf juj; jpw;F cau; j; jf; $ba Rw; Wyh ikankhd; whf khw; Wtjw; F cjt khl; lhJ.

jw;nghOJ ehk; mq; Fkpq; Fk; miye; J jphptjid epWj; jptpl; L ,yq; ifapid “ ,e; J

rKj; jpuj; jpd; Kj; J ” vd; w mbg; gilahd epiyf; F nfhz; LtUtjw; fhd tplaq; fspy;

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ftdk; nrYj; Jjy; Ntz; Lk;. ,j; njhopw; Jiwapid tpUj; jp nra; tjw; fhd rpwe; j

nfhs; if Ntiyr; rl; lfnkhd; wpid ehk; jahupf; f Ntz; ba mtrpak;

fhzg; gLtJld; tuyhw; W Gfo; kpf;f Guhjdr; rpd; dq; fs; kw; Wk; tdg; Gkpf;f

fhl;rpfisf; nfhz; l rpwg; Gkpf;f vkJ ehl; bd; vd; dpylq; fhj Mw; wy;fis fz; lwpa

Ntz; bAs; sJ.

89. ntspehl; L Neub KjyP Lfspd; nrayhw; Wif fle; j jrhg; jq; fspd; NghJ

ke;jepiyapy; fhzg; gl; lJld; %d; W jrhg; j cs; ehl; L gpzf; F KbTf; Ff;

nfhz; Ltug; gl; l gpd; dzpapy; $l ehk; vkJ Mw; wy;fistpl fP o; epiyapy;

,Uf; fpd; Nwhk;. fle; j gj; J tUlq; fspd; NghJ Mz; nlhd; Wf;F 919 kpy; ypad; I.m.

nlhyiu khj; jpuk; ehk; ngw; wpUg;gJld; > fle; j murhq; fj; jpd; murpay; ,af; fj; jpd;

%yk; ru; tNjr jiytu; fis ,yf; fhff; nfhz; l thu; j; ij [hyq; fspd; %yk;

ntspehl; Lf; nfhs; ifahdJ myq; fupf;fg; gl; bUe; jJ. ,J gy; NtW

fz; Nzhl; lq; fspd; mbg; gilapy; KOikahf Vw; Wf;nfhs; s KbahjjhFk; . Fwpg;ghf>Vw;Wkjp tsu; r;rpf;F xj; Jiog; G toq; Fk; mNjNtis> cs; ehl; L Nrkpg; Gfspy; Vw;gLk;

gw;whf;Fiwapd; mbg; gilapy; nghUshjhu tsu; r;rpapid NgZtjw; F Njitahd

KjyP l;L kl; lj; jpid mjpfupg; gjw; F ntspehl; L KjyPl; L gha; r;rypid

cUthf; Ffpd; w gLfldw; w epiyapid ftu Ntz; bAs; sJ. nfsut rghehafu;

mtu; fNs> ngUk; ghyhd Mrpa ehLfspd; nghUshjhuq; fs; Fwpg; ghf eP z; lfhy

cs; ehl; L Aj; jj; jpypUe; J kP z; l ehLfs; ntspehl; L Neub KjyP Lfspd; mjpfupg; Gf;

fhuzkhf nghUshjhu RgP l; rj; jpw;fhd ghijapid mikj; jJ. ehk; Vw;fdNt

gpd;jq; fpa ehL vd; w tifapy; jilfis cilj; njwpe; J nghUshjhuj; jpid

cau; j; Jfpd; w KjyP l; lhsu; fis mioj; J nghUshjhu tsu; r;rp tpfpjj; jpidJupjg; gLj; Jtjw; F jw; nghOJ rpwe; j re; ju;g;gk; Vw;gl; Ls; sJ.

90. ehl; bd; ntspehl; Lj; Jiwapd; mgptpUj; jpia ,t; thW J}z; Ljy; ,yq; ifapd;

me;epar; nryhtzp xJf;Ffis ngUf; Ftjw; F toptFg; gJld; ehza khw; Wr;

re; ijapy; &ghit cWjpg; gLj; jTk; toptFf; Fk; .

91. cw; gj; jpj; jpwd; Nkk; ghlhdJ mgptpUj; jp ,yf; Ffis mile; Jnfhs; tjw; F kpf

Kf; fpakhdjhFk; . cw; gj; jpj; jpwd; Kd; Ndw;w Nghf;fpy; ifj; njhopy; kw; Wk; Nritfs;

Jiwfspy; cw; gj; jpj;jpwid mjpfupf; fpd; w mNjNtis> tptrhaj; Jiwf; F tpNrl

ftdk; nrYj; jNtz; ba Njit fhzg; gLfpd; wJ.

92. rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj; ju njhopy; Kaw; rpfspd; Kd; Ndw;wkhdJ ehl; bd; ntw;wpf; fhd

kpfTk; Kf; fpakhff; fhzg; gLfpd; wJ. ,e; jtifapy; kpf Kf; fpa Jiwapd;

mgptpUj; jpf;F $ba ftdk; nrYj; jg; gl Ntz; bAs; sJ. rpwpa kw; Wk; eLj; ju

njhopy; Kaw; rp Jiwapd; nkh.c. cw; gj; jpf; fhd gq; fspg; G Vwf; Fiwa 70 rjtP jkhff;

fhzg; gLtJ jpUg; jpfukhf ,Ug; gpDk; ;> nghUshjhu tsu; r;rpf;F cjTk; tifapy;

,j; Jiwapd; ghy; $ba ftdk; nrYj; j Ntz; bAs; sJ. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs>

fle; j fhyj; jpd; murhq; f epWtdq; fs; rpwpa kw; Wk; eLj; ju mstpyhd

njhopy; Kaw; rpfspd; mgptpUj; jpf; fhf toq; fpa xj; Jiog; G Nghjpajhff; fhzg; glhjJld; jdpahu; JiwahdJ ,j; Jiwapd; tsu; r;rpf;F NghjpasT

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xj; Jiog; G toq; fpAs; sjidAk; ehd; ,q; F Fwpg; gpl;lhf Ntz; Lk;. rpwpa kw; Wk;

eLj; ju njhopy; Kaw; rpfisg; nghWj; jtiu fle; j murhq; fk; NghjpasT ftdk;

nrYj; jpajh vd; w tplak; njsptw; wjhf fhzg; gLtJld; mj; Jiwapd; mgptpUj; jpf; F

kpff; Fiwe; jsT gq; fspg; gpidNa toq; fpAs; sJ.

93. tpijfs; kw; Wk; ehw; Wg; nghUs; fspd; ; juk; > Fiwe; j El; gKiw> tpupthf; fy;

Nritfs; fhzg; glhik> mWtilf; Fg; gpd; duhd mjpfupj; j el; lk; > Fiwe; j gz; iz

tpiyfs; mNjNghd; W> fsQ; rpa kw; Wk; re; ijg; gLj; jy; trjpfs; fhzg; glhik

Nghd;w gpur; rpidfspd; fhuzkhf tptrha cw; gj; jpj; jpwd; kw; Wk; njhlu; Gila

tpisTfs; gpd; jq; fpa epiyapy; fhzg; gLfpd;wd. tptrhaj; Jiwapid tpUj; jp

nra; tjw; F cjTnjhiffis toq; Ftjd; %yk; ehl; by; ngUksT KjyP Lfs;

Nkw;nfhs; sg; gl; Ls; sJld; Kf; fpakhd Njitfs; kw; Wk; jw; nghOJ epyTfpd; w

FiwghLfis tpQ; Qhd uP jpahf Ma;T nra;a Ntz; baJ kpf Kf; fpakhd

tplakhFk; . mj; jifa nrad; Kiw xd; wpd; %yk; tptrha r%fj; jpd; tho; f;ifj;

juj; jpid NkYk; juKau; j; j KbAk; vd ehd; cWjpahf ek; Gfpd;Nwd;.

94. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs>,yF ifj;njhopy; cw; gj; jpfspid cau; njhopy;El; g

cw; gj; jpfshf khw; Wfpd;w ngWkjp Nrh; g;gpy; jahupg; Gj; Jiwapd; cau; ju Nkk; ghl; bd;

kPJ epiyNgWila ifj; njhopy; nfhs; ifapid typAWj;j Ntz; ba Njit

fhzg; gLfpd; wJ.njhopy; El; gj; jpid gpd; gw;Wjy; mNjNghd; W Gjpa topKiwfis

mwpKfg; gLj; jy; vd; gd Kiwahd Muha; r;rp kw; Wk; mgptpUj; jpapdhy; gyg; gLj; j

Ntz; bAs; sJ. rpwpa kw; Wk; eLj; ju njhopy; Kaw; rpfs; ftdpf; fg; gl

Ntz; Lnkd; gJld; mgptpUj; jp nra; ag; gl; L ghupa njhopy; Kaw; rpfSld; ,izf; Fk;

tifapy; trjpaspf; fg; gLjYk; Ntz; Lk;. ,J ghupa toq; fy; rq; fpyp %yk;

cs; thq; fg; gLtjw; fhd tha; g;Gfisf; nfhz; bUf; Fk; . toq; fy; njhlu;

Kfhikj; Jtj; jpd; ru; tNjr uP jpapy; Vw;Wf;nfhs; sg; gl; l nfhs; iffs; Nghl; bj; jd; ik

kpf;f epiyapypUe; J mLj; j kl; lj; jpw;F vkJ ifj; njhopy; fis juKau; j; Jk;

tifapy; mgptpUj; jp nra; ag; gLjy; Ntz; Lk;. cupa trjpfis toq; fp cs; ehl; L

Kaw; rpahz; ikfis mgptpUj; jp nra; tjd; Clhf cs; ehl; L ifj; njhopy; fis

Kd; Ndw;w Ntz; Lk; vd; gjpy; mjpNkjF [dhjpgjp mtu; fs; ftdk; vLj; Js; shu; .

95. Ez; ghf epjpj; JiwahdJ epjpapay; uPjpahf rpwpa kl; l njhopy; Kaw; rpahsu; fSf; F

cjtp toq; Ftjw; fhd kpf Kf; fpa nghUshjhu mk; rkhf cUthf; fg; glNtz; bAs; sJ. rpwpa epjpj; JiwahdJ fle; j rpy tUlq; fspy; ,yq; ifapd;

nghUshjhu Nkk; ghl; bw;F Ez; epjpj; Jiwapd; gq; fspg; ghdJ tWikiaf; Fiwg; gjpy;

xU Neu; f;fzpa jiyaP l;bid ntspg; gLj; jpAs; sJ. vt; thwhapDk; rhjfkhd

mgptpUj; jp NkYk; mjpfupf; Fk; tifapy; cWjpg; gLj; Jtjw; F Kd; Dhpik

mbg; gilapy; rpW epjpj; JiwahdJ xOq; FgLj; jg; gl Ntz; ba Njit

fhzg; gLfpd; wJ.

96. tpNrlkhf re; ij jhuhskakhf; fy; mwpKfg; gLj; jy; rpwpastpyhd gy; NtW

NritfspypUe; J jfty; njhopy; El; g kw; Wk; epjpr; Nritfs; Nghd; w cau; ngWkjpNru;f; fg; gl; l kw; Wk; cau; njhopy; El; g Mw; wypidf; nfhz; l cau; e;j

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27

nraw; ghLfspid mwpKfg; gLj; jypd; %yk; Nritfs; Jiwapd; Kf; fpaj; Jtk; kw; Wk;

mjd; jd; ik vd; gd fle; j fhyj; jpy; Fwpg; gplj; jf; fsT khw; wj;jpw;F

cs; shfpAs; sd. ,g; gpd;dzpapy; Fwpg; ghf JiwKfq; fs; kw; Wk; tpkhd epiyaq; fs;

njhlu; ghd nraw; ghLfs; > Rw;Wyhj; Jiw> jfty; njhopy; El; gk; kw; Wk; njhlu; ghly;

Nghd;w Jiwfspy; nfhs; if Kd; ndLg; Gfs; Nkw;nfhs; sg; gl Ntz; bAs; sJ. kpfePz; l fhykhf tpahghu eltbf; iffSf; fhf ntspahu; Nritapid ngw;Wf;

nfhs; sy; (Business Process Outsourcing - BPO) vd; w tplak; fhzg; gLtJld;

,j; JiwahdJ tUlj; jpw;F tUlk; tsu; r;rpaile; Js; sJ. MapDk; > ,j; Jiwapy;

vkJ Copau; fsJ cau; e;j Mw; wy; cyf juj; jpd; msTf; F Fwpg; gplj; jf; fsT

fhzg; glhjJld; nkh.c. cw; gj; jpf; F ,j; JiwahdJ NghjpasT gq; fspg; gpidAk;

toq; ftpy; iy.

97. Ntiyapd; ikr; Rl; bahdJ njhlu; e;J Fiwe; j kl; lj; jpy; fhzg; gl; ljd; mbg; gilapy;

Copa cw; gj; jpj; jpwid mjpfupg; gJk; %yjdr; nrwpit mjpfupg;gJk; mtrpakhdjhFk; . %yjdr; nrwpit mjpfupf; Fk; nghOJ jdpahu; Jiwapd;

gq;fspg; G kpfTk; Kf; fpakhdjhFk; . njhopypd; ik kw; Wk; Copag; gilapd; gq; Fgw;wy;

vd; gtw; iw Nehf; Fk; nghOJ ngz; fspd; rdj; njhif rkkw; w Kiwapy;

ghjpf; fg; gl; Ls; sJ vdNt> ,e; j rkepiyaw; w ghjpg; Gf;F jP u;thf rpWtu; guhkupg;G

trjpfis mjpfupj; jy; kw; Wk; ek; gf; $ba nghJNghf; Ftuj; J trjpfs; Nghd; w

Nritfis toq; Ftjpd; ghy; ftdk; nrYj; Jjy; Ntz; Lk;. ,yq; ifapd;

nghUshjhuj; jpid tYg; gLj; Jtjw; F ,yq; ifg; ngz; fs; toq; Ffpd; w cau; e;j

gq;fspg; G ehk; midtUk; mwpe;j tplakhFk; . MfNt ehl; bd; nghUshjhuj; ij

Kd; Ndw;Wk; Kfkhf vkJ jha; khu; Nkw;nfhs; Sk; Kaw; rpfisj; njhlu; e;Jk; NgZtjw; fhd mtu; fSf; F mjpfgl; r trjpfisr; nra; tjw; F cupa toptiffisf;

fz; lwpa Ntz; bAs; sJ.

98. fle; j If; fpa Njrpaf; fl; rp murhq; fj; jpd; Ml; rpf;fhyj; jpy; goikahd njhopy;

rl; lq; fs; fhyj; jpw;Nfw;wthW jpUg; jpaikf; fg; gl; lJ. vt; thwhapDk; >

eilKiwapYs; s rl; lk; kw; Wk; r%f jilfspdhy; jw; NghJ fhzg; gLk; jpwd; fs;

kw;Wk; Njitg; gLk; jpwd; fSf; fpilapy; fhzg; gLk; mrhjhuz epiy fhuzkhf

njhopy; epfo; r;rpj; jd; ikahdJ fPo; kl; lj; jpNy fhzg; gLfpd; wJ. fy; tp

kWrPuikg; Gf;fspd; Clhf Gjpa ghltpjhdq; fs; mwpKfk; nra; ag; gLtjpD}lhf ,t; mrhjhuz epiyikfSf; fpilapy; xU ,zf; fg; ghl; il cUthf; Fk; eltbf; iffis

fy; tprhH ty; Ydu; fsplj; jpy; rhl; lg; gl Ntz; bAs; sJ. mNjNghy; ,yq; ifapd; jfty;

njhopy; El; gj; Jiwapy; mz; ikf; fhyj; jpy; Vw;gl;Ls; s Kd; Ndw;wj;Jld; mj; Jiwapy;

Vw;gl; Ls; s vjph; kiw fhuzpfs; njhlu; ghf ftdk; nrYj; jg; gly; Ntz; Lk;.

99. ,jw; F Nkyjpfkhf tpNrl jpwd; fisf; nfhz; ltu; fis njhopy; gilapDs;

cs; thq; Ftjw; fhf ngsjP f cl; fl; likg; G trjpfs; kw; Wk; r%fg; nghUshjhu

eilKiwfs; Nkk; gLj; jg; gLtJ ,d; wpaikahjjhFk; . ,r; re; ju;g;gj; jpy; Njitg; gLtJ

vd; dntd; why; tpNrl jpwd; fisf; nfhz; ltu; fSf; F epiyahd njhopy;

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tha; g;Gf;fisg; ngw; Wf; nfhLg; gjw; F mtrpakhd cupa eltbf; iffis

Nkw;nfhs; tNj md; wp Jz; Lg; gpuRuq; fs; tpepNahfpg; gjy; y.

100. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> eP q;fs; mwpe;jjd; gb Ml; rpapypUe;j midj; J

murhq; fq; fSk; fy; tp njhlu; ghf gy nfhs; iffis mKy; gLj; jpAs; sJ.

vt;thwhapDk; > nghUshjhuj; jpd; tsu; r;rp epiyikia njhlu; e;Jk; epiyahfg;

NgZtjw; F mtrpakhd kdpj tsj; ij cUthf; Ftjw; fhf ,yq; iff; fy; tp

Kiwikapy; KOikahdnjhU etP dkakhf; fy; mtrpakhfpd; wJ. ,yq; ifapd; fy; tp

KiwahdJ rpwhu; fspd; tho; f; ifj; jpwd; mgptpUj; jp kw; Wk; Rje; jpukhd rpe; jid

rf; jpia Cf; Ftpf; Fk; Kfkhf jw; NghJ fhzg; gLk; guPl; iriaf; Nfe; jpukhff;

nfhz; l ghltpjhdq; fSf; F khw; wkhf jifikfis mbg; gilahff; nfhz; l

ghltpjhdq; fisf; nfhz; ljhf rP u; nra; ag; gl Ntz; bAs; sJ. Fiwe; j trjpfisf;

nfhz; l ghlrhiy khztu; fSf; F rkkhd re; ju;g;gq;fisg; ngw; Wf; nfhLg; gjw; fhf

mj; jpahtrpa ghlq; fSf; fhd Mrpupau; gw; whf;Fiw kw; Wk; mg; ghlrhiyfspd;

Jg; guNtw; ghl; L trjpfs; thrpfrhiy kw; Wk; tpQ; Qhd Ma; T$lq; fspy; fhzg; gLk;

FiwghLfs; njhlu; gpy; Jupj ftdk; nrYj; jg;gly; Ntz; Lk;.

101. fle; j fhyq; fspy; fy; tpj; Jiw njhlu; ghf mur KjyP lhdJ njhlu; e;Jk;

Fiwtile; J nrd; wik rpwg; ghdnjhU tplaky; y. ,t; vjpu; kiw epiyik njhlu; ghf

kPsha; T nra; tjw; Fhpa fhyk; kyh; e;Js; snjd ehd; epidf; fpNwd;. nfsut rghehafu;

mtu; fNs> khztu; fSf; F khj; jpuky; yhky; tpidj; jpwdhd kw; Wk; nraw; jpwdhd

Nritahsu; fis vjpu; ghu;f;Fk; njhopy; nfhs; NthUf; F chpa khw; wj;ij

cUthf; Ftjw; Fk; fhzg; gLk; gpur; rpidfisj; jPu;j; Jf; nfhs; tjw; Fk; vkJ ey; yhl; rp

muRf; F ,aYik fhzg; gLfpd; wJ vd ehd; ek; Gfpd;Nwd;.

102. ,isQu; fsplj; jpy; fhzg; gLk; njhopypd; ik kw; Wk; fP o; ciog; G vd; gtw; iwf;

Fiwf; Fk; Nehf; fpy; gl; ljhupfspd; jifikfs; kw; Wk; njhopw; re; ijapd; Njitfs;

vd; gtw; Wf;fpilapy; fhzg; gLk; rkkpd; ikia ,y; yhnjhopg; gjw; fhf ,yq; ifapd;

gy; fiyf; fof cau; fy; tp fl; likg; Gf;Fk; chpa rP u;jpUj; jq; fs; Nkw;nfhs; sg; gl

Ntz; Lk;.

103. khwptUk; rdj; njhif fl; likg;ghdJ mjpfupj; JtUk; tNahjpg rdj;njhiff; F

mtrpakhd trjpfis ngw; Wf; nfhLg; gNjhL KOikahd Rfhjhu NritfspdJk;

mgptpUj; jpia Ntz; bepw;fpd; wJ. ehl; bd; mgptpUj; jpiaf; fUj; jpw;nfhz; L

Kjpu;tile; JtUk; kdpjts njhFjpia chpa Kiwapy; ehl; bd; eyDf; F

gad; gLj; jf; $ba Ntiyj; jpl; lnkhd; W cUthf; fg; gLtNjhL mtu; fsJ tpUg; G

ntWg; Gf;fSk; fUj; jpw;nfhs; sg; gly; Ntz; Lk;. mNjNghy; milahsk; fhzg; glhJ

gutptUk; rpWePuf Neha; Jupjkhf mjpfupj; JtUk; Gw;WNeha; kw; Wk; ngUfptUk;

nlq; F Nghd; w Neha; fisf; fl; Lg;gLj; Jtjw; F cupa eltbf; ifSk; vLf; fg; gly;

Ntz; Lk;. mjpNkjF rdhjpgjp mtu; fs; mjpfupj; J tUk; rpWePuf Nehapid

,y; yhnjhopj; J ,e; Nehapdhy; ghjpf; fg; gl; ltu; fSf; F ,j; Jd; gj; jpypUe; J tpLjiy

mspg; gjw; F mu; g;gzpg; Gld; mauhJ cioj; J tUfpd; whu;.

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104. ke;jfjpapy; ,lk; ngw;WtUk; rdj; njhif tsu; r;rp fhuzkhf cUthfptUk; KjpNahu;

rdj; njhifapdhy; Vw;gl; Ls; s rthy; fis vjpu; nfhs; tjw; F eP z; lfhyf;

fz; Nzhl; lj; Jld; Rfhjhu Nritapid etP dkag; gLj; JtNjhL ftHr; rpfukhd

Xa;t+jpa Kiwiknahd; Wk; mwpKfg; gLj; jg; gly; Ntz; Lk;. jdpahu;

njhopyhsu; fSf; F xU Xa; t+jpa Kiwiknahd; W cUthf; fg; gLtjd; NjitahdJ,d; wpaikahjjhFk; . Vnddpy; mjd; %yk; KjpNahu; fs; njhlu; gpy; vjpu; fhyj; jpy;

Vw;glf; $ba gpur; rpidfis Fiwj; Jf; nfhs; tjw; Fk; mtu; fsJ vjpu; fhyj; ij

ghJfhg; gjw; Fk; cjTk; .

105. ,yq; if rdj; njhif fl; likg; gpy; Vw;gLk; khw; wj;Jld; Kjpatu; fs; kw; Wk;

MAl; fhy vjpu; ghu;f; ifapy; Vw;gl; LtUk; mjpfhpg; G kw;Wk; Xa; TngWk; rdj; njhifapd;

Njitfis epiwNtw; Wtjw; fhf Nrkpg; G kw;Wk; Xa; t+jpa khw; W Kiwikfs;

cUthf; FtJ ,d; wpaikahjjhFk; . re; ijapy; fhzg; gLk; Fiwe; j tl; b tP jq; fs;

kw;Wk; Xa; t+jpaf; fhuu;fspy; ngUk; ghNyhNdhu; tl; b tUkhdj; ij ek; gpapUg;gjd;

fhuzkhf ,g; Gjpa Kiwikfs; cUthf; fg; gLtij Jhpjkhf Ntz;bepw; fpd; wJ.

106. rdj; njhif tsu; r;rp kw; Wk; Nkk; gl; LtUk; r%f nghUshjhu epiyikfs; fhuzkhf

fhykhw; wj;NjhL rpwe; j juj; jpyhd tpiyf; F thq; ff; $ba tP Lfspd; NjitAk;

mjpfupj; Js; sJ. tpNrlkhf nfhOk; G khtl; lj; jpy; cs; ehl; L Fbngau; T fhuzkhf

,J ngUk; rpf; fyhd epiyikiaj; Njhw; Wtpj; Js; sJ. If; fpa Njrpaf; fl; rpapd;

Kd; ida Ml; rpf; fhyj; jpy; tpNrlkhf fhyQ; nrd; w uzrpq; f gpNukjhr [dhjpgjp

mtu; fs; kf; fSf; F tP Lfisg; ngw; Wf; nfhLg; gjpy; kpfTk; ftdk; nrYj; jpdhu; .

mr; nray; Kiwia kP z; Lk; Muk; gpf;ff; fpilj; jijapl; L kpfTk; kfpo; r;rp

milfpNwd; .

107. eLj; jukl; l tUkhdk; ciog; Nghu;fspd; tP l;Lj; NjitahdJ gy tUlq; fshf

mjpfupj; Jr; nrd; Ws;sJ. mjp$ba tpiy fhuzkhf jdpahu; Jiwapdhy;

mKy; gLj; jg; gLk; tP l;Lj; jpl; lq; fspypUe; J cupa tP Lfis ,tu; fshy; ngw; Wf;

nfhs; tjpy; ,ayhj tplakhFk; . MfNt> eLj; ju tUkhd tFjpapdUf; F trjpnra; J

nfhLf; Fk; Kfkhf fpuaj; ijj; jhq; fpf; nfhs; sf; $ba kl; lj; jpyhd tP l;Lj;

jpl; lq; fis mKy;gLj; Jtjpy; murhq; fj; jpd; jiyaP L ,d; wpaikahjJ. ,J mur

jdpahu; gq; Flikahf mKy; gLj; jg; gl KbAk; .

108. mNj Nghy; jw; NghJ fhzg; gLk; kpd; rhuk;> FbeP u; tpepNahfk; > tbfhyikg; G kw;Wk;

foptfw; wy;> njhiyj; njhlu; G> ,izajs trjpfisg; ngw; Wf;nfhLj; jy; Mfpad

etPd nghUshjhunkhd;W tpidj; jpwdhfTk; nraw; jpwdhfTk; nraw; gLtjw; F

NghJkhdjd; W MfNt> Nky; khfhzj; jpy; fhzg; gLk; Nkw;$wg; gl; l FiwghLfis

eptu;j; jp nra; A Kfkhf khefuf; Nfhl; ghldhJ ("Magapolis") chpa jP u;thff; fUj

KbAk; .

109. tpidj; jpwdw; w nghJg; Nghf; Ftuj; J Jiw fhuzkhf Fiwe; j gpuahzpfisf; nfhz; l

jdpahu; thfdq; fspd; vz; zpf; if mjpfupj; Js; sJ. ,jdhy; thfd neupry; mjpfupj; J

mJ Fbj; njhFjpapy; kw; Wk; KOg; nghUshjhuj; jpdJk; vhpnghUSf; fhd tpuaj; ijmjpfupj; Js; sNjhL Fwpg; gplj; jf; fsthd kdpj kzpj; jpahyq; fis tP zhf; Ffpd; wJ.

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cau; juj; jpyhd kw; Wk; ek; gfkhd nghJg; Nghf; Ftuj; J trjp fhzg; glhikapdhy;

cl; fl; likg; G trjpfSf; fhf mjp$ba KjyP Lfis Nkw; nfhz; lhYk; njhlu; e;Jk;

thfd neupry; fhzg; gLfpd; wJ. MfNt jw; NghJ efug; gpuNjrq; fspy; fhzg; gLk; tP jpg;

Nghf;Ftuj; J kw; Wk; Gifapujg; Nghf; Ftuj; Jj; Jiwia Nkk; gLj; Jtjpy; cupa

eltbf; ifis vLg; gJ Kf; fpakhdjhFk; . nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> fle; jmurhq; fj; jpdhy; mwpKfg; gLj; jg; gl; l murhq; fj; jpd; gpujhd mgptpUj; jp

msTNfhyhff; fhzg; gl; l gpujhd tP jpfs; kw; Wk; jhu; ,lg; gl; l tP jp tiyaikg; G

khj; jpuk; ehl; bd; Nghf; Ftuj; J mgptpUj; jpia kjpg; gPL nra; a KbahJ. kpfTk;

gpujhd tplak; vd; dntdpy; jdpg; gl; l thfdq; fspd; ghtidia Fiwg; gjw; F

ehl; bd; midj; J kf; fSk; gad; gLj; jf; $ba nghJg; Nghf; Ftuj; J Kiwik

cUthf; fg; gLtJ ,d; wpaikahjjhFk; .

110. cgha uP jpahd ,yq; ifapd; miktplk; kw; Wk; tsu; r;rpaile; J tUk; ru; tNjr

njhlu; G vd; gtw; iwf; fUj; jpw; nfhs; Sk; ,lj; J cl; fl; likg; G trjpfis

tpidj; jpwdhfg; gad; gLj; Jk; Nehf; fpy; jdpahu; Jiw tu; j; jf eltbf; iffs;

Cf; Ftpf; fg; gLtJ ,f; fhyj; jpw;F kpfTk; nghUj; jkhdjhFk; . fly; fle; J jkJ

Nritfis tpupTgLj; jf; $ba epjp epWtdq; fis cUthf; Ftjw; F jdpahu; Jiw

Cf; Ftpf; fg; gLk; . ,jd; %yk; jpwd; fisf; nfhz; l njhopy; tha; g;Gf;fs;

cUthf; fg; gLtNjhL mJ nghUshjhu eltbf; ifspd; mjpfupg; Gf;Fk; Mjutspf; Fk; .

mNjNtis> epjpg; gha; r;riy Cf; Ftpf; Fk; Nehf; fpy; cyfshtpa tu; j; jf

ikankhd; W mgptpUj; jp nra; ag; gl; L nraw; gLtjw; F mtrpakhd rl; luPjpahd

trjpfs; nra; J nfhLf; fg; gLk; . fhytjpahd nghUshjhu Nju; TfspypUe; J tpyfp gy

mgptpUj; jpaile; j kw; Wk; mgptpUj; jpaile; J tUk; ehLfspdhy; ntw; wpfukhfiff; nfhs; sg; gl; Ls; s Gjpa kw; Wk; El; gkhd Kiwfis gpd; gw;Wtjw; Fupa fhyk;

,JthFk; .

111. mgptpUj; jpj; Njitfs; kPjhd fz; Nzhl; lkhdJ Rw; whlYld; ,ize; J nry; yy;

Ntz; Lk;. ,jdbg; gilapNy midj; J cl; fl; likg; G fUj; jpl; lq; fspd; mKyhf; fypd;

Kd; Njitahd cupa Rw; whly; njhlu; ghd mDkjpfis ngw; Wf; nfhs; tij

cWjpg; gLj; Jk; Kfkhf rpwe; jnjhU nghwpKiwapid cUthf; Ftjd; mtrpak;

NjitNaw; gl; Ls; sJ. gy ghupa fUj; jpl; lq; fspy; R+oy; kw; Wk; R+oypaay;

gpur;rpidfs; rupahd Kiwapy; fhzg; gltpy; iy vd; gjw; Fk; ehk; gy cjhuzq; fisepYitahf itj; jpUf; fpd; Nwhk;.

112. epiy epw; Fk; mgptpUj; jp nra; Kiw njhlu; gpy; Rw;whlYf; F cfe; jJk;

tpidj; jpwdhdJkhd rf; jp ghtidia Cf; Ftpg; gJk; vkJ typAWj; jyhf

mikfpwJ. kpd; tY Nghf; Ftuj; J kw; Wk; njhlu; Gila Jiwfspy; fzpa vz; nza;

mbg; gilapyhd rf; jp gad; ghl; bw;F gjpyhf etP d njhopy; El; gq;fis gad; gLj; jp

R+upaxsp kw; Wk; capupay; jpz; kf; fopTfs; mbg; gilapyhd rf; jp toq; fiy

gad; gLj; Jtjid mjpfupj; jy; ,d; wpaikahjJ.

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Gjpa nghUshjhu xOqF

113. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> ,t; murhq; fj; jpw;F Nkw; $wg; gl; l gpur; rpidfis

jPu;g;gjpy; kw; Wk; ,tw; wpy; gytw; iw ehl; bd; vjpu; fhyg; nghUshjhu kw; Wk; r%f

mgptpUj; jpf; FupaxU cWjpahd mbg; gilapid cUthf; FtjpYk; nghWg; gpidf; nfhz; Ls; sJ. ,jdbg; gilapy; ehl; bd; nghUshjhuj; ij kP sf; fl; bnaOg; Gtjw; F ehk;

fLikahf ciof; f Ntz; bAs; sJ. vkJ ,yf; fhdJ njupTr; Rje; jpuj; jpid

nghUl; gLj; jf; $ba tifapy; nghUshjhu rdehafj; Jld; $ba ngWkjp Nru; g;G

kw;Wk; Gjpa tha; g;Gf;fis cUthf; FtjhFk; .

114. ehq; fs; Kjd; ikg; gLj; Jk; Kd; Ndw;wq;fs; ru; tNjr Rl; bfspy; ,yq; ifapid

Kd; Ndw;wfukhd epiyapy; gpujpgypf; ff; $baJ. ru; tNjr kl; lj; jpy; ,yq; ifapd;

epiyia Nkk; gLj; Jtjw; F tpahghuk; nra; Ak; Rl; b (Doing Business Index) >

cyfshtpa Nghl; bj; jd; ik Rl; b (Global Competitiveness Index) > cyfshtpa GJik

cUthf; Fk; Rl; b (Global Innovation Index )> tiygpd; dy; jahu; epiy Rl; b (Network

Readiness Index) kw;Wk; cyfshtpa nghUshjhu mwpf; if (Global Economic Report )

vd; gtw; wpy; vkJ epiyia Nkk; gLj; JtJ ,d; wpaikahjjhFk; .

115. Mifahy; murhq; fkhdJ re; ij Nehf; fpa nfhs; iffis gpd; gw;wp jdpahu; Jiw

nghUshjhu eltbf; iffSf; F trjpaspj; jy; kw; Wk; re; ij nghUshjhuj; jpd;

rpwg;ghd nraw; ghl; bw;F ,ilA+whf cs; s gy; NtWgl; l jilfis eP f;FtjpYk;

murhq; fk; KOikahf mu; g;gzpj; Js; sJ. murhq; fj; jpd; Gjpa nghUshjhu

xOq; fhdJ ,e; j tuT nryTj; jpl; lj; jpd; Clhf Kf; fpaj; Jtk; ngWtNjhL kw; Wk;

fle; j fhy jtWfs; kw; Wk; gf; fr; rhu; GfspypUe; J tpyfp ,jid g+r; rpaj;ij

mbg; gilahff; nfhz; l jsj; jpypUe; J jahupg; gijapl; L kfpo; r;rp milfpd; Nwd;.

116. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> ehq; fs; gy ,oe; j tha; g;Gf;fisf;

nfhz; bUf; fpd; Nwhk;. fhyQ; nrd; w nfsut ll; yp Nrdhehaf; f mtu; fs; tlf; ifAk;

njw; ifAk; ,izf; Fk; tifapy; aho; g;ghzj; jpw;F xUghijia epu; khzpg; gjw; Fupa

mgptpUj; jpia nfhz; bUe; jhu;. Mdhy; khw; W topahf kf; fSf; F muprp toq; Ftjid

tpUk; gpapUe;jhu;. 1967 ,y; “ Mrpahd; ” (ASEAN) mikg; gpy; cWg; Gupik ngWtjw; fhd

tha; g;gpid ,yq; iff; F jl; by; itj; J toq; fg; gl; bUe; jJ. nfsut rghehafu;

mtu; fs; > Mrpahd; khehl; by; gq; FngWk; Nehf; Fld; tpkhd epiyaj; jpw;F nrd; wpUe;j

NghJk; rpy ,lJrhup fl; rpfspd; vjpu; g;gpdhy; mjid iftpl; L jpUk; gpdhu;. gpd; duhd

fhyg; gFjpapy; cau; epiyahd ,e; j gpuhe; jpa mikg; gpy; mq; fj; Jtk; ngw Kaw; rp

nra; ag; gl; l NghJk; mJ ntw; wpaspf; ftpy; iy vd; gJ tUe; jjf; fjhFk; . ,t; thW gy

re; ju;g;gq;fis ehd; vLj; J $w KbAk; vd; gJld; ,tw; wpypUe;J ehk; frg; ghd

ghlq; fis fw; Wf;nfhs; fpNwhk;.

117. ehq; fs; NkYk; mj; jifa re; ju;g;gq;fis jtwtpLk; epiyapy; ,y; iy. ehq; fs; ,d; W

rku; g;gpj;jitfs; toq; fg; gLtjid cWjpg; gLj; JfpNwhk; vd; gJld; kfpo; r;rpAk;

RgPl; rKk; cila xU vjpu; fhyj; jpid vjpu; Nehf; fpAs; Nshk; . vkJ mu; g;gzpg; ghdFwpf;Nfhs; vd; gJ vJtpj NtWghLk; mw; wthW rfy ,yq; ifau; fSf; Fk; rpwe; j xU

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32

vjpu;fhyj; jpid toq; FtjhFk; . vkJ jha; ehl; bdJk; vjpu; fhy re; jjpapdJk; eyidf;

fUj; jpy; nfhz; L ehk; ahtUk; xUkpj; J Kd; elg; Nghk;.

118. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> fP No Fwpg; gplg;gl; Ls; s vkJ epfo; r;rpj; jpl; lq; fis

Kd; ndLj; J nry; tjw; F Njitahd jiyikj; Jtj; jpid toq; Ftjw; F vq; fshy;

KbAk; vd; gJld; mjw; F ehk; jahuhf ,Ug; gJld; tpUg; gKk; nfhz; Ls; Nshk; . fle; j

fhyq; fis kwe; J ,e; j Kf; fpakhd gzpapy; xd; wpize; J nraw; gLNthk; .

119. ,e; j ,lj; jpy; mjpNkjF rdhjpgjp> nfsut gpujk ke; jpup> Vida mikr; ruit

rfhf; fs; kw; Wk; vkJ murhq; fk; rhu; gpy; ehd; vkJ jhafj; jpid RgP l; rk; Nehf; fpa

ghijapy; Kd; ndLj; J nry; tjw; F xd; wpidAkhW gy; NtW murpay; fl; rpfspd;

Mjuthsu; fSf; Fk; el; Gf;fuk; ePl; Lfpd; Nwd;. ehd; vkJ nghUshjhuj; jpd; rupahd

epiyikfis njspTgLj; jpAs; Nsd; . tUlq; fshf epyTk; ,e; j rP uopT epiyapypUe; J

kPSifg; ngWtjw; F ehk; xd; wpidahJ tpbd; ehk; Kd; Ndwpr; nry; tjw; fhd

tha; g;Gfs; Nja; tilAk; . “ ,Ul; bidr; rgpg; gjid tpLj; J xU nkOFtu; j; jpapidxspNaw; wp ,Ul; bid tpsf; fp tpLNthk; ” .

120. ,e; jg; gpd; dzpapy; vkJ murhq; fj; jpd; fd; dp tuT nryTj; jpl; lj; jpw;F cl; gl; Ls; s

Kd; nkhopTfis Kd; itg; gjw; F tpUk; GfpNwd;. vkJ murhq; fk; ,d> kj my; yJ

r%f ,ila+Wfis fisAk; murhq; fkhfTk; ,yq; if rdehaf Nrhryprf;

Fbaurpd; ed; dpiyf; fhf xw; Wikahf mu; g;gzpg; Gld; nraw; gLk; xU murhq; fkhfTk;

cs; sJ.

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33

tuT nryTj; jpl;lg; gpNuuizfs;

rpwpa> eLjju njhopy; Kawrpfis Cf; Ftpjjy;

121. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> vkJ ehl;bd; Ez; > rpwpa> eLj; ju njhopy; Kaw; rpfspd;

Kf; fpaj; JtkhdJ> mt; tpahghuq; fshdJ Ntiytha; g;Gf;fis cUthf; Fk; NghJk; >tUkhd tpepNahfj; jpd; Nghjhd gpur; rpidfSf; Fj; jP h;T fhzy; Nghd; wdtw; wpd;

NghJk; gpuNjr mgptpUj; jpapd; NghJk; > r%f xd; wpizg; gpd; NghJk; ngUk;

gq;fhw;Wfpd;wJ. ,d; W Ez; > rpwpa kw; Wk; eLj; ju njhopy; Kaw; rpfs; Jiw vkJ

nghUshjhu cghaq; fspy; kpf Kf; fpa gq; if tfpf; fpd; wd. nghUshjhuj; jpy; ; ngUk;

gq;iff; ; nfhz; Ls; s gpujhd Jiwfshf kuj; jsghlq; fs; > jfty; njhopy; El; gk;> ghy;

rhh;e;j cw;gj; jpg; nghUl; fs;> tP l;Lj; Njhl; lk; > czTf; ifj; njhopy; > fha; fwpfs; >

goq; fs; > ed; dPh; kPd; tsh; g;G> moFf; fiy> myq; fhu kPd; tsh; g;G Nghd; w ,d; Ndhud; d

JiwfNs tpsq; Ffpd; wd.

122. Ez; > rpwpa> kw;Wk; eLj; ju njhopy; Kaw; rpfspdhy; Fwpg; gplj; jf; f mstpy; gq; fspg; G

Nkw;nfhs; sg; gl; bUe; jhYk; $l> ,j; njhopy; Kaw; rpahsh; fs; %yjdj; jpidAk; >

flidAk; > ngw;Wf; nfhs; Sk; NghJ Kfq; nfhLf; Fk; gpur; rpidfspd; fhuzkhf

,t; tpahghuj; jpid tphptilar; nra; jyhdJ> rpukkhd xU tplakhf cs; sJ. vdNt>

vkJ murhq; fk; ,j; njhopy; Kaw; rpahsh; fspd; tsh; r;rpapd; NghJ gq; fhsh; fshtjw; F

ftdk; nrYj; Jfpd; wJ. vdNt> Vw; fdNt vk;khy; rpwpa kw; Wk; eLj; ju njhopy;

Kaw; rpahsh; fspd; xl; L nkhj; jg; gpur; rpidfisAk; cs; slf; ff; $ba tifapy; mit

njhlh; ghd nfhs; ifnahd; W jahhpf; fg; gl; Ls; sJ. mNjNeuk; Ez; epjp th; j; jfj; jpid

eph;tfpg; gjw; fhf> ,g; ghuhSkd; wj;jpy; rl; l %yk; xd; W rkh; g;gpf;fg; glTs; sNjhL>,j; Jiwapid xOq; FKiwg; gLj; Jtjw; F mtrpakhd xOq; F Kiw mjpfhu

rignahd; W ]; jhgpf; fg; gLk; . mNj Nghy rfy Ez; epjp epWtdq; fSk; ,t; tjpfhu

rigapd; fP o; xU myFf; F &gh 25>000 /= tP jk; tUlhe; jf; fl; lzj; Jf; Fg; gjpT

nra; a Ntz; Lnkdg; gpNuhpf;fpd; Nwd;. nfsut gpujkh; mth; fshy; 2015 etk; gh; khjk; 05

Mk; jpfjp Kd; itf; fg; gl; l nfhs; iff; $w; wpy; fhl; lg; gl; lthW rpwpa kw; Wk; eLj; ju

mstpyhd tpahghug; gphptpdhy; Kfq; nfhLf; fg; gLk; gpur; rpidfSf; F MNyhridf;

FOnthd; W ]; jhgpf; fg; gLk; . mNj Nghy> rpwpa kw; Wk; eLj; ju mstpyhd tpahghug;

gphptpd; vjph; fhy eltbf; iffs; mth; fspd; ghpe;Jiufis mbg; gilahff; nfhz; LjPh;khdpf; fg; gLk; .

123. ,j; Jiwapy; fhzg; gLk; cah; thd eph; thfr; nryT kw; Wk; ,lh; fhuzkhf Ez; >

rpwpa> kw;Wk; eLj; ju mstpyhd njhopy; Kaw; rpahsh; fSf; F jw; NghJ cs; s tq; fpfs;

cs; slq; fyhf epjp epWtdq; fspdhy; fld; toq; Fk; NghJ mjpf tpUg; gf; FiwT

fhl; lg; gLfpd; wJ. mNj Nghd; W jw; NghJ fhzg; gLk; epjp epWtdq; fs; gpizia

mbg; gilahff; nfhz; L epjpapay; njhlh; ghf mjpf ek; gpf;if itg; gjdhy; Gjpa

njhopy; Kaw; rpahsh; fSk; > jw; NghJ cs; s njhopy; Kaw; rpahsh; fSk; ,g; gpizia

toq; f Kbahj epiy fhzg; gLfpd; wJ. vdNt> 2016 Mk; mz; by; murhq; fj; jpdhy; toq; fg; gl; l &gh 500 kpy; ypad; mbg; gilj; njhifnahd; iw njhpT nra; ag; gl; l epjp

epWtdq; fspd; cjtpAld; Ez; > rpwpa kw; Wk; eLj; ju njhopy; Kaw; rpahsh; fSf; F

fld; ghJfhg; G epfo; r;rpj; jpl; lnkhd; wpid eilKiwg; gLj; Jtjw; F Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd; .

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,g; gpNuuizj; jpl; lj; jpd; fP o; flidr; nrYj; j Kbahj re; jh;g;gq;fspy; mbg; gilf;

fld; njhifapy; 75 rjtP jkhd flDf; F cj; juthjkspf; fg; gLk; . ,jd; %yk;

,j; Jiwapy; njhopy; Kaw; rpahsh; fSf; F xg; gPl; lstpy; kypthd eP z; l fhy

epge;jidfspd; fP o; gjpy epjp epWtdj; jpw;Fg; gpuNtrpg; gjw; fhd trjpfs;

tphpthf; fg; gLk; . ,J njhlh; ghf ,j; Jiwf; F rYif mbg; gilapyhd tl; b tP jj; jpd; fPo;

epjp trjpfisg; ngw; Wf; nfhs; tjw; F cjtp toq; Ftjw; F If; fpa mnkhpf; f nlhyh;

100 kpy; ypad; fld; thpirnahd; W Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq; fpapdhy; ngw; Wf; nfhs; tjw; F

vkf; F tha; g;Gf; fpilj; Js; sJ. ,yq; if kj; jpa tq; fpapdhy; rpwpa kw; Wk; eLj; ju

mstpyhd njhopy; Kaw; rpf;F cjTtjw; fhf eilKiwg; gLj; jg; gLk; nrsghf; a jpl; lk;

kw;Wk; tWik xopg; G Ez; -epjpf; fUj; jpl; lk; Mfpa fld; gpNuuizj; jpl; lq; fs; ghhpa

rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj; ju mstpyhd trjpaspg; nghd; whf mjDld; ,izf; fg; gLk; .

124. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> rpwpa kw; Wk; eLj; ju njhopy; Kaw; rpahsh; fSf; F ,d; W

fhzg; gLk; nghJthd xU epjp Kiwahf gpizia mbg; gilahff; nfhz; l gLfld;

epjpaPl;bidf; Fwpg; gplyhk; . MapDk; > tpahghukhdJ kpf tpN~lkhd

mgpg;gpuhaq;fSld; Muk; gpf;fg; gLtjdhy; > gpizahf itf; ff; $ba msTf; F

njhl; Lzuf; $ba nrhj; Jf; fs; mth; fsplkpy; iy. vdNt> rpwpa kw; Wk; eLj; ju njhopy;

Kaw; rpahsh; fSf; F mtrpakhd gq; Fhpik epjpaP l; L trjpfis toq; Ftjw; fhf tq; fpg;

ghJfhg; Gf; fk; gdp> Copah; Nrkyhg epjpak; > Copah; ek; gpf;if epjpak; kw; Wk;

ntspehl; L epjpia cs; slf; fpa “epjpaj; jpd; epjp ” apid ]; jhgpg;gjd; Clhf tpahghu

%yjdg; gpuNtrj; jpw;F Muk; gk; xd; wpid toq; Ftjw; F Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. ,q; F

ehd; ,jw; fhd epjp cjtpapid toq; FkhW rh; tNjr epjpf; $l; Lj;jhgdj; jplKk; > Mrpa

mgptpUj; jp tq; fpaplKk; Ntz; bf; nfhs; fpd; Nwd;. mNjNghd; W> jdpahh; Jiw

tpahghuq; fSf; Fk; ,e; epjpaj; jpy; gq; Nfw;FkhW Nfl; Lf; nfhs; s tpUk; Gfpd;Nwd;.,e; epjpaj; jpd; Clhf nghWg; G tha; e;j tpahghu %yjdf; fk; gdpfSf; F Fiwthd

jpUk;gnyhd; W fpilf; ff; $ba tifapy; fld; trjpfs; toq; fg; gLk; . mjd; gpufhuk; >

mt; tpahghuf; fk; gdpfspdhy; ,r; rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj; ju mstpyhd njhopy;

Kaw; rpfSf; F mtrpakhd gq; Fhpik KjyP l; bid Nkw; nfhs; sg; gLk; . ,g; gq;Fhpik

KjyP ;LfSf; F Nkyjpfkhf eP z; l fhyj; jpw;fhd ngWNgWfisg; ngw; Wf; nfhs; tjw; F

mtrpakhd tsh; r;rpia cWjpg; gLj; Jtjw; fhf ,f; fk; gdpfspdhy; rpwpa kw; Wk; eLj; ju

njhopy; Kaw; rpahsh; fSf; F mtrpakhfTs; s Nritfshd epjpj; jpl; lkply; > jfty;

njhopy; El; gk;> re; ijg; gLj; jy; cghaq; fs; Nghd; wd toq; fg; gLk; . ,g; g+h;thq; f

Ntiyfis Cf; Ftpg; gjw; Fg; nghUj; jkhd %yjdf; fk; gdpfSf; fhd epWtd tUkhd

thp 5 tUl fhyg; gFjpf; F 50 rjtP jj; jpdhy; Fiwg; gjw; F Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. ,J

2016 Vg;uy; 01 Me; jpfjpapypUe; J Muk; gpf;fg; gLk; ; .

125. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> rpwpa ifj; njhopy; g+q;fhf; fis nkhduhfiy> Gj;jsk; >

aho; g;ghzk; > td; dp kw; Wk; mk; ghiw Nghd; w gpuNjrq; fspy; ]; jhgpg;gjw; F ehd; Kd;

nkhopfpd; Nwd;. ,r; nraw; ghl; by; ,ize; J nfhs; SkhW jdpahh; JiwiaAk; Nfl; Lf;

nfhs; s tpUk; Gfpd;Nwd;. ,k; KjyP Lfs; njhpT nra; ag;gl; l gpuNjrq; fspy;

Cf; Ftpg; gjw; fhf ,yhgk; ciof; Fk; Mz; bypUe; J 3 tUl fhyg; gphptpw;Fs; Fwpg; gpl;lthp tP jk; 50 rjtP jj; jpdhy; Fiwg; gjw; Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. ,jw;fhf>&gh 150

kpy;ypad; fis xJf; fPL nra; tjw; Fk; ehd; gpNuhpf;fpd; Nwd;.

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35

126. NkYk; > rpwpa kw; Wk; eLj; ju njhopy; Kaw; rpahsh; fs; jkJ cw; gj; jpg; nghUl; fis

re; ijg; gLj; Jk; NghJ gy; NtW gpur; rpidfSf; F Kfk; nfhLf; fpwhh;fs; vd; gJ vdf; Fj;

njhpAk;. re; ijg; gLj; jYf; Fk; fhl; rpg;gLj; jYf; Fk; epjp gw; whf;Fiwahf ,Ug; gjdhy; >

mth; fspd; rpwg;Gr; re; ijfs; kw; Wk; rpy; yiwf; filfs; vd; gtw; Wf;F njhopy;

Kaw; rpahsh; fSf; F mtrpakhd mYkhhpfis epahakhd tpiyf; F toq; Ftjd; %yk;

mth; fSf; Ff; ifnfhLf; FkhW ehd; kpfTk; jho; ikAld; Ntz; bf; nfhs; fpd; Nwd;.

tptrhak

127. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> tptrhaj; JiwahdJ> vkJ nghUshjhuj; jpd; r%f

epiyapYk; > tuyhw; wpYk; mbj; jskhf tpsq; Ffpd; wJ. MapDk; > fpilf; fpd; w Gs; sp

tpguk; ,j; Jiw gw; wpa NtWgl; l fijnahd; iwr; nrhy; fpd; wJ. vkJ tptrha

,wf; Fkjpfs; Rkhh; 1>000 If; fpa mnkhpf; f nlhyh; kpy; ypad; fshFk; . vkJ tptrhapfs;

fhyepiy khw; wq;fspdhy; Vw;gLk; jhf; fq; fspdhYk; > ,ilj; jufh; fspd; Ruz; lypdhYk; >

jkJ mWtilfSf; F epahakhd tpiynahd; wpidg; ngw; Wf; nfhs; s Kbahj

neUf; fbahd xU epiyf; F ,d; Dk; js; sg; gl; L tUfpd; wdh;. ,jd; %yk; vkJEfh; NthUk; juk; Fiwe; j tptrha cw; gj; jpg; nghUl; fSf; F epahakw; w tpiyfisr;

nrYj; j Ntz; ba epiyNaw; gl; Ls; sJ. vdNt> ,g; Nghf;fpw;F cldbahfj; jPh;T

vLf; fg; gl Ntz; bajd; mtrpaj; jpid ehk; czh; fpNwhk;. ,J njhlh; ghf tphpthd xU

Nfhzj; jpy; ghh; f; f Ntz; bajd; mtrpaj; jpidAk; ehk; czh; fpd;Nwhk;. ,e; epiyikapd;

fPo; Gjpa tptrhaf; nfhs; ifnahd; wpid jahhpg; gjw; fhf vkJ Gjpa murhq; fj; jpw;F

jiyikj; Jtj; jpid toq; Fk; mjp NkjF [dhjpgjp mth; fSk; > nfsut gpujkh;

mth; fSk; > mth;fsJ ftdj; jpidr; nrYj; jpAs; sdh; .gaph;fisg; gd; Kfg; gLj; jy;

kw;Wk; cw; gj; jpj; jpwid Nkk; gLj; jy; Mfpadtw; wpd; Clhf 2018 Mk; Mz; lstpy;

vkJ ehL Nrhsk; > mtiu> kpsfha; > cUisf; fpoq; F> kw; Wk; nghpa ntq; fhak;

Mfpadtw; wpd; cw; gj; jpapy; jd; dpiwT ngWtjw; Fk; > jq; fpapUf; Fk; tptrha

KiwikapypUe; J tptrha th; j; jfk; tiu tpUj; jp nra; tjw;Fk; mjd; %yk; 2020 Mk;

Mz; lstpy; Vw;Wkjpr; re; ijf; Fs; gpuNtrpf; ff; $ba tifapy; vkJ tptrhaf;

nfhs; if jahhpf; fg; gLk; .

128. NkYk; > tptrhaj; Jiwapd; ; mWtilapid mjpfhpg; gjw; fhd cfe; j cghaj; jpid

mur kw; Wk; jdpahh; Jiwapd; cWjpahd xUq; fpizg; gpd; kPJ jq; fpAs; sij ehk;

,dq; fz; Ls; sNjhL> mjd; %yk; tptrhaj; Jiwapd; epuk;gy; rq; fpypiag;

gyg; gLj; Jtjd; %yk; Kfhikj; Jtk; nra; af; $bajhf cs; sJ. ,q; F ehk;

jiyikj; Jtj; jpid Vw; gjw; F jdpahh; Jiwapid Cf; Ftpg; Nghk;. tpijfs; > ehw;Wg;

nghUl;fs; > Nghd; wdtw; iw cw; gj; jp nra; Ak; epWtdq; fSf; F trjpfis mspf; ff;

$ba epjpr; R+oy; xd; iw Vw; gLj; jpf; nfhLg; gjw; fhf gad; Lj; jg; glhj> Fiw

gad; ghl; Lf; F cl; gLj; jg; gl;l mur fhzpfis Nfs; tpfSf; F Vw; g toq; FtJ

cs; slq; fyhf gy; NtW nraw; ghLfis vLg; gjw; F Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

129. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> tptrhaj; Jiwf; fhd KjyP lhdJ> tpN~lkhf cw; gj; jpj;

jpwdpd; tpUj; jp vd; gJ kpf Kf; fpakhd xU Njitg;ghlhFk; . kpfr; rpwe; j cw; gj; jpj; jpwndhd; wpid cWjpg; gLj; Jtjw; fhf cah; juj; jpyhd tpijfisg; ngw; Wf; nfhs; sf;

$bajhf cs; sikahdJ kpf Kf; fpakhdjhFk; . mjd; gpufhuk; > cah; juj; jpyhd

tpijfisAk; > ehw;Wg; nghUl; fisAk; cw; gj; jp nra; tjw; F mur kw; Wk; jdpahh;

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36

Jiwfspd; rpwe; j xUq; fpizg; gpid Cf; Ftpg; gjw; F gad; gLj; jg; glhj>Fiwthfg;

gad; gLj; jg; gl; l murhq; ff; fhzpfs; ntFkjpahf jdpahh; Jiwf; F toq; fg; gLk; .

,jw; fhf>&gh 1000 kpy; ypad; epjpia xJf; fPL nra; tjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

130. nrhl; L ePh;g;ghrd KiwikfisAk; > gr; ir ,y; y njhopy; El; gq;fisAk; ; gad; gLj; Jk;

kw;Wk; cah; tpisr; riyj; juf; $ba tpijfis mwpKfg; gLj; Jk; fk; gdpfSf; F

miuthrp thp tpLKiw (Half Tax Holidays) toq; fg; gLk.; cw; gj; jpj; jpwid tpUj; jpnra; tjw; fhd nghwpKiwg; gLj; jypd; Kf; fpaj; Jtj; jpid ,dq; fz; L tptrha

,ae; jpuq;fs; kw; Wk; cgfuzq; fspd; ,wf; Fkjp njhlh; ghd ,wf; Fkjp thpfis

ePf;Ftjw; Fk; ehd; ; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

131. mNj Neuk; > xUq; fpize; j gq; Nfw;nghd; Wlhd epuk; gy; rq; fpyp ,izg; Gf;fis

gyg; gLj; Jtjw; fhf tptrha tphpthf; fy; cj; jpNahfj; jh;fspd; mwptpid mth; fsJ

ehshe; j flikfSf; F Nkyjpfkhf jdpahh; Jiwapd; gz; izfspYk;

fl; lznkhd; wpid mwtpLtjd; %yk; toq; Ftjw; F mDkjp toq; Ftjw; Fk; ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

132. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> fsQ; rpag; gLj; jYk; > re; ijg; gLj; jYk; vkJ tptrhaj;

Jiwapy; epytp tUk; gpujhd xU gpur; rpidahFk; . Rkhh; 30 rjtP jj; jpypUe; J 40

rjtP jkhfTs; s mWtilf; Fg; gpd; du; Vw;glf; $ba ,og; Gf;fisf; Fiwg; gjw; fhf etP d

njhopy; El; gj; ijf; nfhz; l KOikahd fsQ; rpaq; fis ]; jhgpg;gjw; F ehd; Kd;

nkhopfpd; Nwd;. tptrha mWtilapd; NghJ tpiy Fiwtile; J nry; tjdhy; Vw;glf;

$ba ghjfkhd tpisTfisf; Fiwg; gjw; fhf tptrhapfspd; ney; > Nrhsk; > vs; S>

kpsF> cOe; J Nghd; w gaph; fspd; tpisr; ry; fisAk; fsQ; rpag; gLj; jf; $ba tifapy;

tptrhapfSf; F cah; juj; jpyhd fsQ; rpa trjpfs; toq; fg; gLk; . ,f; fsQ; rpa

trjpfspd; NghJ jkJ mWtilfis fsQ; rpag; gLj; Jk; NghJ fsQ; rpaj; jpdhy;

toq; fg; gLk; rpl; il th; j; jf tq; fpnahd; Wf;F toq; Ftjd; %yk; tptrhapfs; jkJ

cld; gzj; Njitia fsQ; rpag; gLj; jg; gl; Ls; s mWtilfspd; ngWkjpapy; 50

rjtP jk; ngWkjpahd fld; epjpj; njhifnahd; iw ngw; Wf; nfhs; sf; $bajhf

,Uf; Fk; . MapDk; > tpiy mjpfhpf; Fk; re; jh;g;gj; jpy; tptrhapfs;

fsQ; rpag; gLj; jg; gl; Ls; s jkJ mWtilfis re; ijapy; epyTk; cah; thd tpiyf; F

tpw;gid nra; af; $bajhf ,Uf; Fk; . ,r; nrad; Kiwf; Fs; tptrhap ,ilj; jufh; fspd;

Ruz; lYf; F cs; shfkypUg; gNjhL> gUtky; yhj fhyg; gFjpapy; jkJ mWtilfSf; Fcah; thd tpiynahd; W fpilf; fg; ngWtijAk; cWjpg; gLj; jf; $bajhf cs; sJ.

Vw;fdNt> murhq; fk; mDuhjGuk; > nkhduhfiy khtl; lq; fspy; ,t; thwhd fsq; rpa

trjpfs; eph;khzpj; Js; sNjhL> kd; dhh; khtl; lj; jpy; fsQ; rpankhd; W eph;khzpf; fg; gl; Lk;

tUfpd; wJ. ,k; Kiwikapd; Clhf tptrhapfspd; cw; gj; jpg; nghUl; fs; ,Wjp

Efh; NthDf; F mDg; Gk; NghJ ,ilapy; ; Vw;glf; $ba nryTfs; Fiwtiltjdhy; >

rhjhuz tpiynahd; wpidr; nrYj; Jtjd; %yk; Efh; NthUf; Fk; gaDs; sjha;

mikfpd; wJ. mjd; gpufhuk; nghydWit> fpspnehr; rp> ,uj; jpdGhp (vk; gpypgpl;ba)

khtl; lq; fspy; ,t; thwhd fsQ; rpaq; fis eph; khzpg; gjw; Fk; > kd; dhh; khtl; lj; jpy;

jw;NghJ eph; khzpf; fg; gl; L tUk; fsQ; rpaj; jpd; vQ; rpAs; s Ntiyfis G+h; j; jpnra; tjw; Fk; &gh 1>000 kpy; ypad; fis xJf; fPL nra; tjw; F Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

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37

133. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> tptrhapfspd; cw; gj; jpr; nrytpidAk; > Efh; NthUf; F

Vw;glf; $ba jhf; fj; jpidAk; fUj; jpw; nfhz; L> fPhp rk; gh mhprp xU fpNyh &gh 50 /=

,w; Fk; > rk; gh mhprp xU fpNyh &gh 41 /= ,w; Fk; ehL mhprpapidAk; >Vida tif

mhprpapidAk; xU fpNyh &gh 38 /= vDk; mbg; gilapy; ney; ypw;F cj; juthj

tpiynahd; wpid toq;Ftjw; F Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. ,jd; gadhf Efh; Nthh; xU fpNyh

mhprpapid ruhrhpahf 65 /= tpw;F ngw; Wf;nfhs; s KbAk; .

134. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> ehl; bd; mhprp cw; gj; jp mjpfhpj; Js; sJ. Nghrizf;

Fiwg; ghL mjpfKs; s rKh; j; jp gaDfhpfSf; fpilNa ifapUg; gpYs; s mhprpapid

tpepNahfpg; gjD}lhf mjidg; gad; gLj; JNthk; . Kd; nkhopag; gl; l ,j; jpl; lk; Nghriz

kl; lj; ij cah; j; Jk; . ,jw; fhf Vwj; jho 44>000 nkw; wpf; njhd; mhprpia

gad; gLj; jTs; Nshk; .

135. ehk; vkJ mhprpia Vw; Wkjp nra; tjw; fhd nghUj; jkhd fhyk; ,g; NghJ

Njhd; wpAs;sjhf ehd; vz; Zfpd; Nwd;. Vw;Wkjpr; re; ijf; Fs; Eioaf; ; $ba mhprptiffis cw; gj; jp nra; tjw; F tptrhapfis Cf; Ftpg; Nghk;. ,yq; if mhprpf; fhd

th; j; jf ,yr; rpidnahd; wpidg; ngw; Wf; nfhs; tjw; fhd epfo; r;rpj; jpl; lnkhd; wpidj;

jahhpg; gjw; Fk; vkJ mhprpf; fhd ntspehl; Lr; re; ijfis ,dq; fhz; gjw; ; fhf Vw; Wkjp

mgptpUj; jpr; rigapid Cf; Ftpf; fpd; Nwd;.

136. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> Ml; rpf;F te; j xt; nthU murhq;fKk; tptrha

r%fj; jpd; ed; ik fUjp gy; NtW ed; ikfis toq; fpAs; sd. ,g; ghuhSkd; wj;jpdhy; >

cu khdpak; > fhzp> njhopy; El; g cjtpfs; > tpijfs; kw; Wk; gy; NtW ed;ikfs;

toq; fg; gl; Ls; sd. MapDk; > ,d; W vk; kplk; vd; d cs; sJ? tptrhaj; JiwapypUe; Jnkhj; j cs;ehl; L cw; gj; jpf; Ff; fpilj; j gq;fspg; G gbg; gbahff; Fiwe; J te; Js; sJ.

xU n`f; NlaUf; F fpilf; fg; ngw; w tpisr; ry; kpff; Fiwe; j kl; lj; jpy;

fhzg; gl; ljdhy; > vkf; F rh; tNjr hP jpahf Nghl; b Nghl Kbahj epiyik Vw; gl; Ls; sJ.

gpujhd ney; Yw;gj; jpg; gpuNjrq; fspy; r%fg; gpur; rpidahf khwpAs; s rpWePuf NehahdJ

mjpf mstpyhd cug; ghtidapd; fhuzkhf Vw; gl; Ls; snjd; gJ tpthjj; Jf; F

toptFj; Js; sJ. mNj Nghd; W> ePh; kw; Wk; kz; khRgLtjw; Fk; toptFj; Js;sNjhL>

mjd; %yk; Rfhjhug; gpur; rpidfs; gytw; wpw;Fk; Rw;whly; mopTfSf; Fk; mit

fhuzkhf mike; Js; sd. ehk; ,d; W Kfq; nfhLj; Js; s ,g; gpur;rpidahdJ vkJ

tptrhaf; nfhs; ifapd; vjph; fhyj; jpidj; jP h;khdpg;gjw;F ve; j mstpw; F jhf; fj; jpid

Vw;gLj; Jk; ? cug; ghtidf; Fk; > ney; Yw;gj; jpapd; cw; gj; jpj; jpwDf; Fk; ,ilapy;

Neubahd Neu; kiwahd njhlh; G ,y; iynad; gJ Ma; Tfspd; %yk;

cWjpg; gLj; jg; gl; Ls; sd. ney; tptrhapfSf; F ve; j msTf; F cjtpfs;

toq; fg; gl; lhYk; $l> mth; fs; vkJ ehl; by; ,d; Dk; jq; fpapUg;Nghhpdplj; jpy; thOk;

xU gphptpduhfNt cs; sdh; . mNj Nghy> Efh; NthUf; Fk; vjph; ghh;f; fg; gl; l ed; ikfs;

fpilf; fg; ngwtpy; iy. tptrhafSf; ;Nfh my; yJ Efh; NthUf; Nfh vjph; ghh;f; fg; gl; l

ed; ikfs; fpilf; fhtpl; lhy; > tptrhap kw; Wk; Efh; Nthd; ; vDk; ,U jug; gpdUk; mjpf

mstpy; ed; ikfisg; ngw; Wf; nfhs; sf; $ba tifapy; vkJ tptrha cghaq; fs; njhlh; ghf kP z; Lk; rpe; jpg;gjw; F cq; fis ehd; tYg; gLj; Jfpd; Nwd;. vdNt. jw; NghJ

toq; fg; gLk; cu khdpaj; jpid rpwpa mstpyhd new; nra; ifg; gz; Zk;

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38

tptrhapfSf; F khj; jpuk; toq; FkhW Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. mjd; gpufhuk; > ney;

tptrhapfSf; F xU n`f; Nlah; tiu rpW Nghfk; kw; Wk; ngUk; Nghfk; Mfpa ,uz; L

Nghfq; fSk; cs; slq; ff; $ba tifapy; tUlhe; jk; $baJ 25>000 &ghtpw; F cl; gl; L

fhR ed; nfhil xd; W toq; fg; gLk; . ,jd; %yk; tptrhapfs; jkJ tptrhaj; jpw;F

mtrpakhd cs; sPLfisj; jP h;khdpg;gjw; F ngUkstpyhd Rje; jpunkhd; W fpilg; gNjhL>

mjd; %yk; cw; gj; jpj; jpwDk; mjpfhpf; fg; glyhk; vd ehd; ek; Gfpd;Nwd;. ,jw; fhf>

&gh 37>500 kpy; ypad; fis xJf; fPL nra; tjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhoptNjhL>

,j; njhifahdJ 2015 Mk; Mz; by; xJf; fPL nra; ag; gl;l &gh 35>000 kpy; ypaid tpl

mjpfkhd njhifahFk; .

goqfs kwWk fhafwpfs

137. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> cs; ehl; L kw; Wk; ntspehl; Lr; re; ijfSf; Fg;

gpuNtrpf; ff; $ba tifapy; goq; fs; kw; Wk; fha; fwpf;ifj; njhopyhdJ Nghjpa

mstpw; F th; j; jf hP jpahf mgptpUj; jpailtpy; iy.

138. ePufw;wg;gl; lJk; > jfuq; fspy; milf; fg; gl; lJkhd goq; fspd; ifj; njhopyhdJ ,d; Dk;

Muk;g fl; lj; jpNyNa cs; sNjhL> ,d; Dk; mgptpUj; jpailahj epiyapYKs; sJ.

,f; ifj; njhopiy Nkk; gLj; Jtjw; fhf ,f; ifj; njhopypy; <Lgl; Ls; s epWtdq; fs; kw; Wk;

jdpg; gl; l egh; fs; jkJ ifj; njhopiy tpUj; jp nra; tjw; fhf tq; fpfspdhy; toq; fg; gl; l

fld; fSf; F mwtplg; gLk; tl; bapd; 50 rjtP j tl; br; rYifnahd; iw toq; Ftjw; FKd;

nkhopfpd; Nwd;. ,f; ifj; njhopYf; F mtrpakhd ,ae; jpuq;fSf; fhd ,wf; Fkjp

thpapypUe; J tpLjiy nra; ag; gLk; vd; gJld; Nja; Tf; F Nkyjpfkhf fzprkhd

nfhLg; gdT fopTk; toq; fg; gLk; .

139. njhopy; El; gk;> cah; e;j mstpyhd tpisr; riyj; juf; $ba ehw; Wg; nghUl; fs; > kw;Wk;

tpijfspd; ghtid> kw; Wk; CLgaph; fspd; Clhf fhzpg; gad; ghl; bid

Nkk;gLj; Jtjw; Fk; ehd; jdpahh; Jiwapid Cf; Ftpf; f tpUk; Gfpd;Nwd;. Fiwthfg;

gad; gLj; jg; gl; l kw; Wk; gad; gLj; jg; glhj murhq; ff; fhzpfis goq; fs; kw; Wk;

fha; fwp tptrhapfspd; Ntz; LNfhs; fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz; L Fj; jiff; F

toq; Ftjw; Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

140. Etnuypah> jk; Gs;is> vk; gpypgpl;ba> nfg; gpl;bg;nghy> kw; Wk; jk; Gj;Njfk gpuNjrq; fspy;

mike; Js; s nghUshjhu epiyaq; fSf; F mUfhikapy; goq; fs; kw; Wk; fha; fwpfis

fsQ; rpag; gLj; Jtjw; fhf jdpahh; Jiw %yk; eph;tfpf; fg; gLk; 5 Fspuiwfis

epWTtjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. ,jd; %yk; re; ij tpiyfspy; ]; jpu epiyia

Vw;gLj; JtNjhL> mWtilf; Fg; gpd; duhd ,og; Gf;fisf; Fiwg; gjw; Fk;

vjph;ghh;f;fg; gLfpd; wJ. ,jw; fhf &gh 2>000 kpy; ypad; fis xJf; fPL nra; tjw; Fk; ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

ghwgzizf; ifj; njhopy;

141. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> re; ijapy; cs; ehl; Lg; ghw;gz; izf; ifj; njhopypd;

gq;fhdJ kpff; FiwthFk; . cs; ehl; L ghy; cw; gj; jpapid tpUj; jp nra; tjw; Fk; >ghy; cw; gj; jpg; nghUl; fspd; ,wf; Fkjpiaj; jLg; gjw; Fk; > Kd; ida murhq; fj; jpdhy;

Nkw;nfhs; sg; gl; l Kaw; rpfis ehk; kjpf; fpd; Nwhk; ; . ghy; cw; gj; jpia mjpfhpg;gjw; fhf

cs; ehl; L ghy; cw; gj; jpahsh; fis Cf; Ftpg; gNj murhq; fj; jpd; nfhs; ifahFk; . mjd;

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39

gpufhuk;>cs; ehl; by; cw; gj; jp nra; ag; gLk; 400 fpuhk; ghy; kh gf; fl; LfSf; F $ba

rpy;yiw tpiy &gh 325 /= ,ypUe; J &gh 295 /= tiu Fiwg; gjw; Fk; ehd; Kd;

nkhopfpd; Nwd;. mt; thW tpw; gid nra; ag; gLk; 400 fpuhk; ghy; kh gf; fl; nlhd; Wf;F

murhq; fj; jpdhy; &gh 30 /= khdpankhd; wpid cs; ehl; Lg; ghy; cw; gj; jpahsh; fSf; F

toq; Ftjw;Fk; mjw; fhf &gh 1>000 kpy; ypad; fis xJf; fPL nra; tjw; Fk; ehd; Kd;

nkhopfpd; Nwd;. ,J tho; f; ifr; nrytpidf; Fiwg; gjw; Fk; ghy; cw; gj; jpahsh; fisCf; Ftpg; gjw; Fk; cjTk; .

142. ghw;gz; izf; ifj; njhopy; Jiw %yk; ehl; bd; nghUshjhuj; jpw;Ff; fpilf; Fk;

gq;fspg; ghdJ kpfTk; tiuaWf; fg; gl; ljhf ,Ue; jhYk; > mjid tsh; r;rpAwr;

nra; tjw; fhd tha;g; Gf;fs; mjpfstpy; fhzg; gLfpd; wd. vdNt>mur kw; Wk; jdpahh;

Jiwfspd; gq; Nfw;gpd; fPo; th; j; jf mstpyhd ghw; gz; iz Kiwikapid

Cf; Ftpg; gjw; fhf Fiwe; jJ &gh 25>000 kpy; ypad; fSf; F KjyP L nra; gth; fSf; F

Fiwthfg; gad; gLj; jg; gl;l my; yJ gad; gLj; jg; glhj murhq; ff; fhzpfis

toq; Ftjw; F vjph; ghh;f; fg; gLfpd; wJ. NkYk; > mt; thwhd Fiwthfg; gad; gLj; jg; gl;l

kw;Wk; gad; gLj; jg; glhj murhq; ff; fhzpfis ntsp tsh; g;ghsh; fs; %yk; cah; tpisr; riyj; juf; $ba Gy; tiffis tsh; g;gjw; Fk;>mur kw; Wk; jdpahh; Jiwfspd;

gq;Nfw;Gfspd; Vw;ghLfis Nkw; nfhs; tjw; Fk; ehd; ; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. NkYk; >

ghw;gz; izf; ifj; njhopYld; njhlh; Gila ,ae; jpuq;fs; kw; Wk; cgfuzq; fs; kPjhd

,wf; Fkjp thpfisf; Fiwg; gjw; Fk; ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

143. ehl; by; jputg; ghy; Efh; thdJ ,d; Dk; cj; Ntfj; jpid milahjjdhy; > jputg; ghy;

Efh; T njhlh; ghf ghhpa xU Nkk; ghl; L epfo; r;rpj; jpl;lnkhd; wpid kiyehl; L Gjpa

fpuhkq; fs; > Njhl; l cl; fl; likg; G kw;Wk; r%f mgptpUj; jp mikr; R kw; Wk; Rfhjhu>

Ngh~hf; F kw; Wk; RNjr itj; jpa mikr; R Mfpatw; wpd; <Lghl; Lld; ehlshtpa hP jpahf

eilKiwg; gLj; Jtjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

flwnwhopy;

144. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> vkJ ehL xU jP thf ,Ue; jhYk; $l> ehk; ,d; Dk;

tUlhe; jk; If; fpa mnkhpf; f nlhyh; 150 kpy; ypad; ngWkjpahd kP d; fisAk; > kPd;

cw; gj; jpg; nghUl; fisAk; ,wf; Fkjp nra; fpd; Nwhk; vd; w nra; jpia ftiyAld;

njhptpj; Jf; nfhs; fpd; Nwd;. vkJ cs; ehl; L kPdth; fs; gpujhdkhf gUt fhy

epiyikfspd; fhuzkhf Vw; gLk; tpiy Vw; wj; jho; TfspdhYk;> gw; whf;Fiwahd

fsQ; rpa trjpfspdhYk; > xOq; F Kiwr; rl; lfq; fspd; khw; wq;fspdhYk; >gw;whf;Fiwthd epjp trjpfs; kw; Wk; mth; fsJ th; j; jfq; fis tphpthf; Ftjw; fhd

Gjpa re; ijfSf; Fg; Eiotjw; Fs; s Fiwthd tha; g;Gf;fs; Nghd; wdtw; wpd; fhuzkhf

,d; Dk; jhf; fq; fSf; F cl; glf; $ba epiyikapNyNa cs; sdh; .

145. kPdth; fspd; njhopy; rhh;e;j ghjpg; Gfs; kw; Wk; jhf; fq; fs; vd; gtw; wpw;fhd r%fg;

ghJfhg; G tiyaikg; gpd;ghy; murhq; fj;jpd; mh; g;gzpg; ghf flypy; mth; fs; re; jpf; Fk;

tpgj; Jfspw; F Rkhh; xU kpy; ypad; &gh ngWkjpahd MAl; fhg; GWjp toq; fg; gLk;.

,f; fhg; GWjp NjLjy; kw; Wk; caph; ; fhg; G eltbf; iffSf; fhd nryTfisAk;

cs; slf; Fk; .

146. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> fle; j Ie; jhz; L fhykhf vkJ ehl; by; tUlhe; jk;

mz; zsthf &gh 5000 kpy; ypad; ngWkjpahd jfuj; jpyilf; fg; gl; l kP d; fs;

,wf; Fkjp nra; ag; gl; Ls; sd. ifj; njhopypYs; s tha; g;Gf;fis toq; Ftjd; %yk; kPd;

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jfuj; jpyilf; Fk; Kaw; rpfspy; <LgLtjw; F jdpahh; Jiwapid Cf; Ftpf; fpd; Nwd;.

,f; ifj; njhopYf; F ntFkjpfis toq; Ftjd; %yk; yf; rnjhr ypkpl; ll; bd; Clhf

cw; gj; jpg; nghUl; fis kP z; Lk; nfhs; tdT nra; tjw; fhd nghwpKiwnahd; wpid

eilKiwg; gLj; Jtjw; Fg; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. mjD}lhf xU jfuj; jpy; milf; fg; gl; l

kPd; 125 &gh vDk; rYif tpiyf; F tpw; f KbAk; . ,J tho; f; ifr; nrytpid

Fiwg; gjw; F cjTk; . ehd; &gh 300 kpy; ypad; yf; rNjhr epWtdj; Jf; F

xJf; Ftjw; F Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

147. NkYk; ,e; epiyikapy; > kPd; fs; kw; Wk; kPd; cw; gj; jpg; nghUl; fs; njhlh; ghd

,wf; FkjpfSf; F tpN~l nghUl; fSf; fhd thpia &gh 50 /= Mf mjpfhpg; gjw; F ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. NkYk; kPd;gpb tiyfSf; fhd ,wf; Fkjpj; jP u;itAk;

Fiwf; fg; gLk; . 148. flw; nwhopy; ifj; njhopYf; F trjpaspg; gjw; fhf> Fspuiwfisf; nfhz; l

fsQ; rpaq; fSldhd etP d njhopy; El; g trjpfisf; nfhz; l cs; ehl; L

kPd;gpbj; JiwKfq; fis mgptpUj; jp nra; tjw; Fk; > juKah; j; Jtjw; Fk; ehd; Kd;

nkhopfpd;Nwd; . NkYk; > rpyhgk; > kphp];]> fy; Kid> ty; ntl; bj; Jiw> fhiuefh; kw; Wk; Guhznty; y Mfpa ,d; Ndhud; d kP d;gpbj; JiwKfq; fis mgptpUj; jp nra; tjw; fhf

&gh 750 kpy; ypad; fis xJf; fPL nra; tjw; Fk; ; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. ,j; JiwKfq; fs;

kPd;gpbg;glFfisj; jpUj; Jtjw; Fk; > jahhpg; gjw; Fkhd trjpfisAk; Nkw;nfhs; Sk; .

149. tptrha kw; Wk; kPd; gpb cw; gj; jpg; nghUl; fis cw; gj; jp nra; Ak; ,lq; fSf; F

mz; ikapy; mjDld; ,ize; jtptrha kw; Wk; kPd; gjg; gLj; Jk; trjpaspg; Gf;fis

cUthf; Ftjw; Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. ,t; trjpaspg; Gf;fisg; gfph; e;J nfhs; tjdhy;

mit fpua tpidj;jpwid cilajhf ,Uf; Fk; . NkYk; > mDuhjGuk; > tTdpah kw; Wk;

fpspnehr; rp khtl;lq; fis ,izj; J tptrha fhy; eil kw; Wk; kPd; gjg; gLj; Jk;

g+q;fhf; fis cUthf; Ftjw; Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. ,e; Nehf;fj; jpw;fhf &gh 100

kpy;ypad; fis xJf; fPL nra; tjw; Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

150. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> ed; dPh; kPd; tsh; g;ghdJ czTg; Ngh~hf; fpid

toq; FtNjhL> tUkhdj; jpw;fhd xU %ykhfTk; tpsq; Ffpd; wJ. ,j; JiwahdJ

Fiwthfg; gad; gLj; jg; gl; l xU JiwahfTk; tpsq; Ffpd; wJ. vdNt> kP d;

,dg; ngUf; fj; jpwid tpUj; jp nra; atjw; fhd epfo; r;rpj; jpl; lq; fis

eilKiwg; gLj; Jtjw; F Njrpa eP hpay;ts mgptpUj; jp mjpfhu rigf; F &gh 100


151. NkYk; Rw;whlYf; F ve; j tpj mopTfSk; epfohj gb fiuNahu kPd; tsh; g;gpid(ePhpay; tsq; fis) mgptpUj; jp nra; tjw; F rhj; jpakhd jdpahh; Jiw

KjyP l; lhsh; fSf; fhd re; jh;g;gj; ij toq;Ftjd; %yk; kl; lf; fsg; G khtl; lj; jpy;

ePhpay; g+q;fhnthd; wpid cUthf; Ftjw; Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. th; j; jf hPjpahd

ePhpay; tsr; nraw; ghLfis cUthf; Ftjw; fhd Njitia cila epWtdq; fSf; fhd

“KjyPL jahh; ” jsnkhd; wpid ,e; ePhpay; tsg; g+q;fh Vw; gLj; Jk; . ,e; ePhpay; tsg;

g+q;fh mgptpUj; jp nra; ag; glTs; sNjhL> mur kw; Wk; jdpahh; gq; Nfw;nghd; whf ,J

eph;tfpf; fg; gLk; . ,J njhlh; ghd g+h; thq; f eltbf; iffSf; fhf &gh 100 kpy; ypad; fis

xJf; fPL nra; tjw; Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

152. fle; j mz; ikf; fhyj; jpy; ,uhy; ifj; njhopyhdJ gy; NtW gpur; rpidfSf; F

Kfq; nfhLj; Js; sNjhL> mit ,d; Dk; jP h;f; fg; glhj epiyapNyNa cs; sd. MapDk;>

,uhy; ifj; njhopypYs; s tha; g;Gf;fis toq; Ftjd; %yk; Kd; nkhopag; gl; Ls; s

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42

fUj; jpw; nfhs; s Ntz; ba Kfhikj; Jtf; fl; lznkhd; Wld; 50 tUlq; fSf; F

ePbg;gjw; Fk; gpNuhpf;fpd; Nwd;.

Njapiy

157. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> NjapiyahdJ ,yq; ifapd; gpujhd Vw; Wkjpg; gapuhf

,d; Dk; fhzg; gl; lhYk; $l> mjd; ngWkjp Nrh; ngWkhdk; ; vjph; ghh;f; fg; gl; l

kl; lj; ij milaf; $ba msTf; Fg; NghJkhdjhf ,y; iy. ,f; ifj; njhopyhdJ>

jw;NghJ rh; tNjr re; ijapy; mjpf mstpyhd gpd; dilnthd; Wf;F Kfq; nfhLj; Js; sJ.

,J rpwpa kw; Wk; eLj; ju mstpyhd Njapiy gaphpLNthhpd; kPJ jhf; fj; ij

Vw;gLj; jpAs; sJ. vdNt> ,g; gpur;rpidfisj; jP h;g;gjw; F mur kw; Wk; jdpahh; Jiwia

cs; slf; fpa nraw; FOnthd; iw epakpg; gjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

Njapiyj; J}shf; fy;

158. ,yq; if> cyfpd; gpujhd Njapiy cw; gj; jpahsuhf cs; sNghjpYk; ngWkjpr;

Nrh;f; ifiag; nghWj; jtiu Lgha; Nghd; w re; ijfis ,oe; Js; sJ. fle; j rpykhjq; fSf; Fs; Njapiyf; ifj; njhopy; epWtdq; fspdhy; ,yq; iff; Fj; Njapiy

,wf; Fkjpfis nefpo; thf; ;Ftjw; fhd cWjpahd xU Ntz; LNfhs;

rkh; g;gpf;fg; gl; Ls; sJ. vdNt> ,yq; if Njapiyf; fhd Nfe; jpu]; jhdkhf Njapiyf;

fyg; gpid Nkw; nfhs; Sjy; Nghd; w eltbf; iffspd; Clhf Nrh; f; fg; gLk; ngWkjpapid

mjpfhpf; Fk; Nehf; FlDk; tpUj; jp nra; tjw; fhd Nehf; FlDk; > ,yq; iff; Fj;

Njapiyia ,wf; Fkjp nra; tjw; fhd xOq; F Kiwr; rl; lfj; Jf; Fs; ,Wf; fkw; wjhf; f

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. mjd; %yk; “Ceylon Tea” vDk; ,yr; rpidg; ngah; khwhJ

itj; jpUg;gjw; fhf ngahpLtjidf; fl; lhag; gLj; Jfpd; Nwd;.

,wggh

159. nfsut mikr; rh; mth; fNs> ,wg;gh; Jiw njhlh;ghd rhj; jpa ts Ma; Tfis

Nkw;nfhs; tjw; fhf ,wg; gh; JiwAld; njhlh; Gila gq; Fjhuh; fs; kw; Wk; ngUe; Njhl; lf;

ifj; njhopy; fs; mikr; R xd; wpize; J gpujhd jpl; lnkhd; W ( Master Plan)

jahhpf; fg; gl; Ls; sJ. ,e; Nehf;fj; jpw;fhf murhq; fj; jpdhy; njhopy; El; g cjtpAk; ngw; Wf;

nfhs; sg; gl; Ls; sJ. ,j; jpl; lj; jpd; Clhf ,j; Jiwapdhy; Kfq; nfhLf; fg; gLk; gy; NtW

gpur;rpidfSf; Fj; jP h;T toq; fg; gLtNjhL> vjph; fhyj;jpy; Nkw;nfhs; sg; gl Ntz; ba

nraw; ghLfisAk; ,dq; fz; Ls; sJ. mNjNghd; W> ifj; njhopyhsh; fSf; F ,wf; Fkjpia,Wf; fkw; wjhf; Ftij tpl cs; ehl; L ,wg; giug; gad; gLj; JkhW ehd;

jahhpg; ghsh; fsplk; Ntz; bf; nfhs; fpd; Nwd;. ,j; jpl; lq; fis eilKiwg; gLj; Jtjw; F

Mjutspf; Fk; Nehf; Fld; ngUe; Njhl; lf; ifj; njhopy; fs; mikr; Rf;F &gh 100

kpy;ypad; fis xJf; fPL nra; tjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

njqFf ifjnjhopy

160. njq; Ff; ifj; njhopYk; Vw;fdNt ngWkjpNrh; gpur; rpidf; F Kfq;nfhLj; Js; sJ.

,jw; fhd fhuzk; Njq; fha; cw; gj;jpapy; Fwpg; gplj; jf;f mstpyhd gq; F czT

jahhpg; gjw; fhf tP Lfspy; gad; gLj; JtNjahFk; . njq; Ff; ifj; njhopyhsh; fspd; ; Ntz; L

NfhSf; fpzq; f> Fwpg; gpl;l murhq; f epWtdq; fspdhy; eph;tfpf; fg; gLk; Jiwf; Fs;

Nkw;nfhs; sg; gLk; ,dq; fhzg; gl; l ngWkjpNrh; nraw; ghLfSf; F Njq; fha; fis

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43

,wf; Fkjp nra; tjw; F Kd; nkhoptNjhL> ,t; Tw;gj; jpg; nghUl; fs; gpd; dh; Vw;Wkjp

nra; ag; gLk; . ,t; thW gpNuhpf; fg; gLk; Njq; fhia ,wf; Fkjp nra; tjw; fhd mDkjpahdJ

kpfTk; fLikahf Muhag; gl; L Njit mtrpak; fUjpNa Nkw; nfhs; sg; gLfpd; wJ.

mt; thW njq; F Nkk; ghl; L eltbf;iffs; cs; slq; fyhf njq; Fg; gaph; r;nra; ifapd;

GdUj; jhuz epfo; r;rpj; jpl; lj; jpw;F &gh 250 kpy; ypad; fis xJf; fPL nra; tjw; Fk; Kd;

nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

161. Njapiy kw; Wk; ,wg; gh; JiwfSf; fhd rYiffis toq; Ftjw; fhf ,g; ngUe; Njhl; lj;

JiwfspYs; s fk; gdpfSf;F 02 tUl thptpyf; F toq; fg; gLk; .

162. Njapiy> ,wg; gh; kw; Wk; njq; Ff; ifj; njhopypid tpUj; jp nra;tjw; fhf kpfTk;

tphpthd Kiwapy; Muha; r;rpfis Nkw; nfhs; tjw; F mtrpakhf cs; sNjhL>

mf; fz;Lgpbg; Gf;fs; thapyhfj; Njapiy Muha; r;rp epWtdk; > ,wg; gh; Muha; r;rp

epWtdk; kw; Wk; njq; F Muha; r;rp epWtdk; Mfpa epWtdq; fis gyg; gLj; Jtjw; Fk;

mjd; %yk; me; epWtdq; fspdhy; cw; gj; jpj; jpwid mjpfhpj; jy; > gaph;fisg;

gd; Kfg; gLj; jy; Mfpad njhlh; ghf Muha; r;rpfspy; <LgLtjw; Fk; Cf; Ftpf; fpd; Nwd;.,e; Nehf;fj; jpw;fhf &gh 200 kpy; ypad; fis 2 Mz; L fhy gphpTf; Fs; xJf; fPL

nra; tjw; Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

Vida gaph;fs;

163. ,f; ifj; njhopYf; F cjTtjw; fhf rP dp Muha; r;rp epWtfk; > gid Muha; r;rp epWtfk;

vd; gd tYg; gLj; jg; gLtJld; mjw; fhf &gh 100 kpy; ypad; fis xJf; fPL nra; a ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

164. murhq; fj; jpd; MjuT fpilf; fhikapdhy; fle; j jrhg; jj; jpy; ghf; F cw; gj; jpahdJ

Gwf;fzpf; fg; gl; bUe; jJ. vdNt> ,f;ifj; njhopiy tpUj; jp nra; tjw; fhd Mw; wiyf;

fUj; jpw; nfhz; L th; j; jf hP jpahf ghf; fpidg; gaphpLtjw; F Cf; Ftpg; gNjhL> ghf; fpidr;

Nrfhpf; Fk; tyaq; fisAk; epWTtjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

thridj jputpaqfSk> mit rhhej cwgjjpg; nghUlfSk

165. ,yq; ifapd; thridj; jputpaq; fspd; th; j; jf tuyhwhdJ 7 Mk; E}w;whz; L tiu

gioikahdJ. MapDk; > ,yq; ifapd; thridj; jputpaq; fspd; th; j; jfk;

vjph;ghh;f; fg; gl; l kl; lj;jpid milahikapdhy; mjd; %yk; ehl; bw;F ngWkjpahdVw;Wkjp tUtha; fs; fpilg; gjw; fhd tha; g;Gf;fisAk; ,oe; Js; Nshk; .

166. thridj; jputpaq; fspd; ifj; njhopy; Kfq; nfhLf; fpd; w gpur;rpidfSf; Fj; jPh;T

fhz; gjw; F murhq; fj; jpdhy; thridj; jputpaq; fs; rigapd; xUq; fpizg; Gld; >

,yq; ifapd; thridj; jputpaq; fs; cyfshtpa hP jpapy; th; j; jf ,yr; rpidnahd; wpid

ngw;Wf; nfhs; tjw; fhd epfo; r;rpj; jpl; lnkhd; W Muk; gpf;fg; gLk; . ,jw; fhf>&gh 150

kpy;ypad; fis xJf; fPL nra; tjw;Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. cw; gj; jpapid mjpfhpf; Fk;

Nehf;FlDk; > mjpfstpyhd Vw; Wkjp tUthapid cUthf; Fk; Nehf; FlDk;

murhq; fj; jpw;Fr; nrhe; jkhd gad; gLj; jg; glhj tskhd epyq; fisg; gad; gLj; Jtjw; fhd trjpfis Vw; gLj; Jtjw; fhf jdpahh; Jiwf; F tpN~lkhf fWth>

kpsF> Vyf; fha; > [hjpf; fha; Nghd; w ,d; Ndhud; d thridj; jputpaq; fspd;

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44

gaph;r;nra; iff; F Fj; jif mbg; gilapy; fhzpfis toq; Ftjw; F Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

tpN~lkhf kpsF> [hjpf; fha; Nghd; w thridj; jputpaq; fis gaphpLtjw; fhf

ngUe; Njhl; l xg; ge;jg; gaph; r;nra; iffSld; njhlh; GgLk;gbAk; gpuhe;jpa ngUe; Njhl; lf;

fk; gdpfis Cf; Ftpf;fpd; Nwd;. NkYk; > Vw;Wkjp tptrhaj; jpizf; fsj; jpYs; s fWth

Muha; r;rpg; gphptpid gyg; gLj; Jtjw; fhf &gh 50 kpy; ypad; fis xJf; fPL nra; tjw; Fk;

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

167. cyfr; re; ijapy; 85 rjtP j J}a fWthtpw; F ,yq; ifapy; jdpAhpik ngw; Ws;sJ.

fWthg; gaph; r; nra; ifapd; ngWkjpr; rq; fpyp gy;NtW epWtdq; fspd; fP No cs; sNjhL>

mjd; %yk; ,f; ifj; njhopypd; tsh; r;rpahdJ tiuaWf; fg; gl; Ls; sJ. vdNt> jdpahh;

Jiwapd; gq; Nfw;Gld; ngWkjpr; rq; fpypapd; rfy eltbf; iffisAk; nfhz; L

tUtjw; F fWth mgptpUj; jp mjpfhu rignahd; wpid cUthf; Ftjw; F Kd;

nkhopfpd; Nwd;. mjw; fhf &gh 50 kpy; ypad; fis xJf; fPL nra; tjw; Fk; Kd;

nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

168. NkYk; fWthf; ifj; njhopYf; Fj; Njitahd jpwd; fis tpUj; jp nra; Ak; Nehf; Fld; fWthg; gapw; rpg; ghlrhiy tphpthf; fg; gLk; . ,jw; fhf &gh 50 kpy; ypad; fis xJf; fPL


169. fWthf; ifj; njhopypd; ngWkjpr; Nrh; f; ifahdJ kpff; Fiwe; j kl; lj; jpy;

cs; sjidf; fUj; jpw; nfhz; L Njrpa tpQ;Qhd kd; wj;jpd; %yk; fWthf; ifj; njhopy;

kw;Wk; mf;ifj; njhopy; rhh; e;j eltbf; iffs; njhlh; ghf Nkw; nfhs; sg; gLk;

Muha; r;rpfSf; fhf me; epWtdj; jpw;F &gh 50 kpy; ypad; fis xJf; fPL nra; tjw; Fk; Kd;

nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

170. thridj; jputpaq; fspd; Vw;Wkjpapid Cf;Ftpg; gjw; fhf kpsF>fpuhk; G> kw;Wk;

[hjpf; fha; Mfpadtw; wpd; kPJ tpjpf; fg; gl; Ls; s nr]; thp eP f;fg; gLk; .

fpuhkpag nghUshjhu kP nsOrrp

171. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> vkJ nghUshjhuf; nfhs; ifapd; iky; fw;fspy; xd; whf

tpsq; FtJ fpuhkpag; nghUshjhuj; jpid Nkk; gLj; JtjhFk; . ,J njhlh; ghf fpuhkpag;

nghUshjhu myFfisg; g+h;j; jp nra;tjw; fhf 14>022 fpuhk mYtyh; gphpTfs; 2>500

nfhj; jzpf; fpuhkq; fshf mgptpUj; jp nra; ag; gLk; . mjw; fpzq; f> fpuhkpa kf; fspd;

tho; f; ifj; juj; ij cah; j; Jtjw; F mtrpakhd trjpfis Vw; gLj; jpf; nfhLf; Fk;

Nehf;Fld; ,f; fpuhkq; fspd; cl; fl;likg; Gf;fis mgptpUj; jp nra; tjw; fhd

fUj; jpl; lq;fs; eilKiwg; gLj; jg; gLk; . tptrhapfSk; mq; fj; jth; fshff; $ba ghhpa

mstpyhd fUj; jpl; lq; fSk; ,t; mgptpUj; jpj; jpl;lq; fSf; Fs; cs;slf; fg; gLk; .

,f; fpuhkpa nghUshjhuj; jpid kP l; nlLg; gjw; fhd epfo; r;rpj; jpl; lj; jpw;fhf xt; nthU

fpuhkj; jpw;Fk; &gh 1.5 kpy; ypad; tP jk; xJf; fPL nra; tjw; Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

,jw; Fr; nrythFk; nkhj; j epjp &gh 21>000 kpy; ypad; fshFk; .

172. mNjNghy> tTdpahtpy; Gjpa nghUshjhu tyankhd; wpidAk; ]; jhgpg;gjw; F Kd;

nkhoptNjhL> mjw; fhf> fpuhkpa nghUshjhu mYty;fs; mikr; Rf;F &gh 200


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45

173. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> vkJ nghUshjhuj; jpy; tho; thjhuj; ij toq; Ftjpy;

fpuhkpa tptrhak; typikahd gq; if tfpf; fpd; wJ. mth; fSila eP h; ;g;ghrd

Njitfisg; g+h;j; jp nra; gitahd rpwpa Fsq; fs; kw; Wk; ePh;g;ghrd fhy; tha; fis

Gduikg; gjw; fhd cldbj; Njit vOe; Js; sJ. vdNt> rpwpa Fsq; fs; kw; Wk;

fhy; tha; fis Gduikg; Gr; nra; J fpuhkpag; nghUshjhuj; jpw;F Mjutspg; gjw; fhf &gh

2000 kpy; ypaid xJf; Ftjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

Njrpa Rwwhly; ghJfhg; G epforrpj; jpl; lk;

174. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> midj; J caph; fs; kPJk; Nkw;nfhs; sg; gLk;

jhf; fj; jpidf; fUj; jpw; nfhz; L> mjpNkjF [dhjpgjp mth; fspdhy; 3 Mz; LfSf; fhd

Njrpa Rw; whly; ghJfhg; G epfo; r;rpj; jpl; lnkhd; W Muk; gpf;fg; gl; Ls; sJ. ,e; epfo;r; rpj;

jpl; lj; jpd; %yk; vjph; ghh;f; fg; gLk; gpujhd nraw; ghLfSf; Fs; td tsq; fisg;

ghJfhj; jYk; > mgptpUj; jp nra; jYk; > Rw;whly; khRgliyf; fl; Lg;gLj; jYk; ;> epiyahd

epy Kfhikj; Jtk; > caph; tsq; fspd; ghJfhg; G Nghd; wdTk; cs; slf; fg; gLfpd; wd.

,e; eltbf; iffSf; fhf &gh 2>000 kpy; ypad; fis xJf; fPL nra; tjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

175. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> ,yq; ifapy; E}w;Wf; fzf; fhd jhtu ,dq; fSk; >

tpyq; FfSk; cs; sNjhL> mtw; iw ,yq; ifAld; rkkhd gug; Gs;s gy ehLfSld;

xg;gpLifapy; mit Vida ehLfsplkpy; yhj mstpw; F tpN~lj; Jtk;

epiwe; jitfshf tpsq; Ffpd; wd. MapDk; > kdpj eltbf; iffSk; > jpwdw; w

Kfhikj; Jt eilKiwfSk; ,t; Taph;fSf; F mr; RWj; jy; fis vw; gLj; jf; $bajhf

mike; Js; sd. vdNt> td tpyq; Ffisg; ghJfhg;gjidAk; > kdpj-ahid

NkhjYf; Fj; jP h;T fhz; gjidAk; Fwpf; Nfhshff; nfhz; l epfo; r;rpj; jpl; lj;jpw; F 3tUl fhyg; gFjpf; Fs; gad; gLj; jf; $ba tifapy; &gh 4>000 kpy; ypad; fis xJf; fPL


myqfhu kd; tshgGf; ifjnjhopy

176. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> ehk; Kd; Ndhbfshf tpsq; Fk; myq; fhu kP d; tsh; g;Gf;

ifj; njhopiy ghhpa mstpy; mgptpUj; jp nra; tjw; fhd rhj; jpaf; $Wfs;

fhzg; gLfpd; wd. ehd; jdpahh; Jiwia> tpN~lkhf ,e; ehl; bd; ,isQh; fis

,f; ifj; njhopypy; <LgLkhW Cf; Ftpf; f tpUk; Gfpd;Nwd;. mNj Nghy> ,f; ifj; njhopypy;

tpahghuj; jpid Muk; gpg;NghUf; F rYif mbg; gilapyhd fld; trjpfistoq; Ftjw; Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

,uj;jpdf; fw;fSk; > Mguzq;fSk;

177. ,yq; ifapd; ,uj; jpdf; fw;fs; kw; Wk; Mguzq; fs; ifj; njhopYf; F 2>500 Mz; LfSf; Fk;

mjpfkhd eP z; l xU tuyhW ,Ue; jhYk; $l> ,f;ifj; njhopypYs; s ,aysTfs;

G+uzkhfg; gad; gLj; jg; glhky; fhzg;gLfpd; wd. ,g; gpd;dzpapd; fP o; ,f; ifj; njhopiy

tpUj; jp nra; tjw; fhf> mur ,uj; jpdf; fw;fs; kw; Wk; Mguzq; fs; gapw; rp epWtdj; jpdhy;

gapYdh; fSf; Fk; gapw; Wtpg;ghsh;fSf; Fkhd gapw; rpg; ghlnewpfis jw; Nghija

Nfs; tpfSf; Fg; nghUe;jf; $ba tifapy; juKah; j; Jtjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

,e; epWtdq; fspy; ,ize; Js; s gapw; Wtpg;ghsh; fSf; F ,uj; jpdf; fw;fs; kw; Wk;

Mguzq; fSld; njhlh; Gila eltbf; iffspyhd ntspehl; L mDgtq; fs; toq; fg; gLk; .

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46

mNj Ntis> ,g; ghlnewpfisj; njhlUk; khzth; fSf;F ,g; ghlnewpfis

ntw; wpfukhfj; njhlh; tjw; fhf Gyikg; ghprpy;fSk; toq; fg; gLk; .

178. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> ,uj; jpdf; fw;fs; kw; Wk; Mguzq; fspd; tpw; gidfis

Nkk;gLj; Jtjw; Fk; cy; yhrg; gpuahzpfisf; fth; tjw; Fk; ,yq; ifapy; xt; nthU

tUlKk; Vg;uy; kw; Wk; mf; Nlhgh; khjq; fspy; “,uj; jpdf; fw;fs; > Mguzq; fs; kw; Wk;

ituq; fspd; ” Vy tpw; gidfis elhj; Jtjw; F Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. NkYk; > Rw;Whyhj;

Jiwapdhy; ngw; Wf; nfhs; sf; $ba tifapy; ,uj; jpdGhpapy; jdpahh; Jiwapduhy;

“,uj; jpdf; fy; th; j; jf ]; jyk; ” xd; wpid ]; jhgpg;gjw; Fk; ehd; gpNuhpg;gNjhL> tpkhd

epiyaj; jpYk; jP h;itaw; w ,uj; jpdf; fw;fs; kw; Wk; Mguzf; filfisj; jpwg; gjw; Fk;

,j; Jiwapdiu Cf; Ftpf; fpd; Nwd;.

179. cs; Sh; iftpidQh; fisg; ghJfhf; Fk; Nehf; Fld; ,wf; Fkjp nra; ag; gLk;

Mguzq; fspd; kPJ 10 rjtP j nr]; thpnahd; W tpjpf; fg; gLk; .

180. ,t; tidj;J MjuTfs; kw; Wk; Cf; Ftpg; Gf;fSld; > 2018 Mk; Mz; lstpy;

,uj; jpdf; fw;fs; kw; Wk; Mguzq; fs; Vw;Wkjpj; Jiw %yk; 2 gpy; ypad; mnkhpf; f

nlhyh; fis miltjw; F ehk; vjph; ghh;f; fpd; Nwhk;.

jqfk;

181. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> jq; f Mguzf; ifj; njhopy; Jiw tpiuthd

eltbf; ifia> Kf; fpakhf jq; fj; jpd; tpiy njhlh; ghf vjph;ghh; f; fpd; wJ. ,jdhy; ehd;

kj; jpa tq; fpf;F Rkhh; 50 ,wf; Fkjp thpr; rYifAldhd mDkjpg; gj; jpuq;fis

toq; Fk; jpl; lnkhd; iw Kd; ndLf; FkhW ghpe; Jiuf; fpd; Nwd;.

Muk; gf; ifj;njhopy; fs

182. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> Kjd; ikf; ifj; njhopy; fs; gy; NtW gpur; rpidfspd;

fhuzkhf Vw; glf; $ba tpiy Vw; wj;jho; TfSf; F cs; shfpd; wJ. vdNt>

,f; ifj; njhopypYs; s epGzh; fis cs; slf; fpa Kjd; ikf; ifj; njhopy;

rignahd; wpid (Primary Industry Council) epWTtjw; F Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

183. nfsut gpujkhpd; nfhs; iff; $w; wpy; $wpaJ Nghd; W> ehl; by; tpN~l tptrha kw; Wk;

kPd;gpb Vw;Wkjp tyaq; fs; cUthf; fg; gLk; . Kd; nkhopag; gl; l tptrha kP d;gpb Vw;Wkjptyaq; fis ]; jhgpg;gjw; fhf Kjd; ikf; ifj; njhopy; mikr; Rf;F &gh 2>000

kpy;ypad; fs; xJf; fPL nra; ag; gLk; .

nghUshjhuj; jpid b[ply; kaggLj; jy;

184. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> b[ply; kag; gLj; jy; ,d; W gy ehLfspy;

gpugy;akile; Js; s xU nrad; KiwahFk; . ,J juTfis Nrfhpj; jy; > juTfis

epuw;gLj; jy; Kiwikfspd; Clhf Nkyjpf tUkhdq; fis ciog; gjw; Fk;

re; jh;g;gq;fis cUthf; fpAs; sJ. MfNt> ,r; nray; Kiwapd; Clhf ,yq; ifahdJ

jfty; njhopy; El; gj; Jiwapy; cyfpd; Vida gy; NtWgl; l mgptpUj; jp mile; j

ehLfSf; F xj; jjhfNt njhopy; El; g Kd; Ndw;wj;jpy; ; mLj; j fl; lj; ij miltjw; fhd

epiyapy; cs; sJ. ,j; jifa mgptpUj; jp Kiwikfs; Kiwikfs; kw; Wk;

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47

fl; Lg;ghLfis topg; gLj; JtjD}lhf midtUf; Fk; Neuhd ed; ikfis ngw; Wf;

nfhLf; Fk; . kpf vspikahff; $Wtjhapd; ,izaj; js njhlh; ghdJ ehl; bd;

nghUshjhu tsh; r;rpapy; rhjfkhd tpisTfisf; nfhz; Ls; sJ.

185. vkJ murhq; fj; jpdhy; thf; fspj; j gb vkJ jfty; njhopy; El; gg; ghpkhw;w cghag;

gphpnthd; whf vk; khy; Vw;fdNt tiuaWf; fg; gl; l ,ytr Wifi trjpfs; njhpT

nra; ag; gl;l nghJ ,lq; fspy; toq; fg; gl; Ls; sd. mNj Nghd; W> vkJ rfy mur Jiwgy; fiyf; fofq; fspYk; >,ytr Wifi trjpfs; toq; fg; gLk; . vjph; tUk; %d; whz; L

fhyg; gFjpapy; nghUshjhuj; jpw;F Fwpg; gplj; jf; f jhf; fj; ij Vw; gLj; jf; $ba

KOikahd vz; zpay; mgptpUj; jp cghankhd; wpid eilKiwg; gLj; Jtjw; F

murhq; fk; jPh;khdpj; Js; sJ.

186. mjd; gb> 2018 Mk; Mz; bd; ,Wjpapy; > gpuNjr nrayfq; fs; > khfhz rigfs; > gpuNjr

rigfs; > cg jghy; epiyaq; fs; > nghyp]; epiyaq; fs; cs;slq;fyhf rfy

murhq; ff; fl; llq; fSk; ,yj; jpudpay; hP jpahf ,izf; fg; gLk; . ,jd; %yk; > mth; fspd;

ehshe; j Ntiyfspy; 70 rjtPjj; jpid epiwNtw; wf; $bajhf ,Uf; Fk; .

187. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> Njrpa vz; zpay; milahs ml; ilfis (NDI)

mwpKfg; gLj; Jtjw; Fk; ehk; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwhk; ; . mjd; %yk; rfy epjprhh; kw; Wk; epjp

rhuhj vz; zpay; nfhLf; fy; thq; fy; fis kpfTk; ghJfhg; ghd Kiwapy;

Nkw;nfhs;syhk; vd; gij cWjpg; gLj; j KbAk; . flTr; rPl;L> thpf; Nfhit> Rq; fg;

gj; jpuq;fs; > thfdg; gjpT> thf; fhsh; gjpT> eyd; Ghp gjpTfs; > tq; fpj; jfty; fs; kw; Wk;

nghJg; gad; ghl; L gw; Wr;rPl;Lf; fs; vd; gtw; iwf; nfhz; ljhf Njrpa vz; zpay; milahs

ml; il jdpj; Jtkhd ,yf; fj; jpid nfhz; ljhf ,Uf; Fk; ; . ,J thp Nrfhpg; Gf;F

gad; gLtjw; F Nkyjpfkhf Coy;> jhkjk; > tPz; tpuak; vd; gtw; iw Fiwg; gNjhL

tpidj; jpwidf; $l; LtJld; eyd; Ghpf; nfhLg; gdT Nghd; w Vida KiwikfisAk;

rPh;gLj; j cjTk; . (,q; F mkh; e;Js; s midthpdJk; trjp fUjp mbg; gilj;

jpl; lj; jpid VI ,y; ,izj; jpUf; fpd; Nwhk;).

188. vkJ vz; zpay; cghakhdJ> Njrpa nfhLg; gdTj; jsnkhd;wpid (NPP)

mwpKfg; gLj; jiy cs; slf; FtNjhL> ,jd; %yk; mth; fsJ Njrpa vz; zpay; ;

milahs ml; ilapidg; gad; gLj; Jtjd; %yk; jdJ ifalf; fj; njhiyNgrpapd;

Clhf jhd; ngw; Wf; nfhz; l nghUl; fSf; Fk; NritfSf; Fk; jkJ tq; fpf; fzf; Ffspd; Clhf gzj; jpidr; nrYj; Jtjw; fhd tha; g;Gf; fpilf; fpd; wJ. Njrpa

nfhLg; gdTj; jsj; jpd; Clhf Nkw; nfhs; sg; gL;k; nfhLf; fy; thq; fy; fspd; %yk;

re; ijapd; gzg; Gof; fKk; > gz kpjg; Gk; Fiwf; fg; gLtjd; %yk; tpidj; jpwid

tpUj; jp nra;tjd; %yk; murhq; fj; jpw;fhd Nrkpg; Gf;fisf; nfhz;L tu Kbfpd; wJ.

189. njhiyj; njhlh; G tsq; fis tpidj; jpwdhd Kiwapy; gfph; e;J nfhs; tjw; Fk; kw; Wk;

fhw;wiyfisAk; > kw;Wk; Rw;whliyAk; ghJfhg; gjw; Fk; jfty; njhlh; ghly;

njhopy; El; g mjpfhu rigapd; fP o; tpN~l Nehf; fj; ij mbg; gilahff; nfhz; l

fk; gdpnahd; wpid cUthf; Ftjw; F Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. ,yq; if kpd; rhu rig> tP jpmgptpUj; jp mjpfhu rig> ,yq; if Gifapujj; jpizf; fsk; cs; slq; fyhf njhiyj;

njhlh; Gf; fk; gdpfSf; Fr; nrhe; jkhd rfy fk; gp tlq; fSk; > mNj Nghy miy

thpirfs; > njhiyNgrpf; NfhGuq; fs; Nghd; wdTk; ,f; fk; gdpf; Fs; nfhz; L tug; gLk; .

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190. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> kUj; Jtkid Nritfs; > fhzp tplaq; fs; > rKh; j; jpf;

nfhLg; gdT cs; slq; fyhf nghJ kf; fis mbg; gilahff; nfhz; l nghJr;

Nritfis toq; Ftjpy; Njrpa vz; zpay; ; milahs ml; ilAld; xd; wpizg; gjw; fhd

xNu $iuapd; fPohd vz; zf; fUtpid (Single Window Concept) eilKiwg; gLj; j ehk;

vz; Zfpd; Nwhk;. mur fhzpfis Kfhikj; Jtk; nra; Ak; Kiwik kw; Wk; fhzpf;

Nfe; jpu Kiwik Mfpadtw; iwAk; ,d; xNu $iuapd; fP ohd vz; zf; fUtpd; xU

gFjpahf eilKiwg; gLj; jg; gLk; .

191. tFg; giwf; Fs; fw; gpf;Fk; > gbf; Fk; nraw; ghLfSf; Fj; jfty; njhopy; El; gq;fis

gad; gLj; Jtjid gyg; gLj; Jk; Nehf; Fld; fy; tp mikr; rpdhy; fUj; jpl;lq; fs; gy

jpl; lkplg; gl;Ls; sd. ,q; F gpujhd eltbf; ifahf 2016 Mk; Mz; by; > 200 ]; khh;l;

vz; zpay; ; tFg; giwfSk; > 2017 Mk; Mz; by; 1000 tFg; giwfSk; Muk; gpf;fg;gLk; .

192. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> murhq; fk; “jpwe;j mur gq; Nfw;gpw;fhf ” (Open

Government Partnership-OGP) , jd; id mh; g;gzpj;Js; sNjhL> Njrpa juTj; jsnkhd; wpid

(National Big Data Platform) eilKiwg; gLj; Jtjd; %yk; ,yq; iff; F jpwe; j mur

gq;Nfw;gpw;fhd Njitg; ghLfis g+h; j; jp nra; tjw; F NkYk; Mjutspf; Fk; .

193. nghUshjhu vz; zpayhf; f Kiwikf; fhf &gh 10>000 kpy; ypad; fis xJf; fPL

nra; tjw; F ehd; gpNuhpf;fpd; Nwd;.

KjyP l; L Cf; Ftpg; G

194. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> 2014 Mk; Mz; by; > ntspehl; L Neub KjyP L If; fpa

mnkhpf; f nlhyh; 1.7 gpy; ypad; fshf ,Ue; jNjhL> ,J re; Njfj; Jf; F ,lkpd;wptyaj; jpd; rkdhd ehLfSld; xg; gpLifapy; Fiwe; j ngWkjpiaf; nfhz; Ls; sJ.

fle; j rpy khjq; fshf vkJ ehl; by; KjyP l; Lg; Nghf; fhdJ Muhag; gl; Ls; sNjhL>

jw;NghJ vkJ KjyPl; Lf; fl; likg; gpid tpUj; jp nra; tjw; Fk; > kWrPuikg; gjw; Fk;

cgha hP jpahd tiuglj; jpidj; jahhpf; Fk; eltbf; iffspy; <Lgl; bUf; fpd; Nwhk;.

195. ,k; Kaw; rpapy;> vkJ murhq; fk; nraw; ghl; L tpidj; jpwid tpUj; jp nra; jy; ; kw; Wk;

KjyP LfSf; F trjpaspj; jy; Nghd; w ,d; Ndhud; d Nehf; fq; fSld; KjyPl; Lr; rig>

Vw;Wkjp mgptpUj; jpr; rig kw; Wk; ,yq; if Rw; Wyh mgptpUj; jp mjpfhu rig

Mfpadtw; iw kPs; fl; likf; fTs; sJ. kP s; fl; likg; Gr; nrad; KiwahdJ KbTWk;

tiu “mgptpUj; jpf; fhd epWtdk; ” vd; w ngahpd; fP o; xU epWtdk; ]; jhgpf; fg; gLk; .

196. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> Gjpa cyf th; j; jf Nghl; bj; jd; ikfSld; ,yq; ifapy;

cs; ehl; L kw; Wk; cyfshtpa KjyP l; lhsh; fis ,izf; f Ntz; ba Njit

Vw;gl; Ls; sJ. ,d; W cyfshtpa kl; lj; jpy; cw; gj; jpg; nghUl; fSf; F ngWkjp

Nrh;f; fg; gLfpd; wJ. cyfshtpa ngWkjp Kiwikapd; %yk; gy; NtW ehLfspy;

gy; NtW %yg; nghUl; fs; kw; Wk; jpwd; fs; rpwe; j Kiwapy; eph;tfpf; fg;gLfpd; wd.

,k; Kiwikf; F ,yq; ifapy; cs; ehl; L kw; Wk; cyfshtpa KjyP l; lhsh; fSld; njhlh; GgLj; Jtjw; F ehk; Kaw; rpnaLg; Nghk;.

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197. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> vkJ ehL ,g; NghJ th; j;jfj; jpw;fhfj; jpwe; J

tplg; gl; Ls;sJ. nfsut gpujkh; mth; fspdhy; ; ,g; ghuhSkd; wj;jpy; Kd; ; itf; fg; gl; l

$w;wpd; gpufhuk; > ehl; bd; KjyP l;Lr; #o; epiyia tpUj; jp nra; tjw; F mtrpakhd

rl; lq; fs; Vw;fdNt tiuag; gl; L tUfpd; wd. ey; yhl; rpf;fhd vkJ mh; g;gzpg;Gf; fspd;

fhuzkhf gpujhd KjyP l; lhsh; fs; ,e; ehl; by; KjyP L nra; tjw; F kpFe; j Mh; tj; ijf;

fhl; bAs; sdh; .

198. If; fpa mnkhpf; f nlhyh; 2 gpy; ypad; fSf; F mjpfkhd KjyP L fpilf;ff; $ba tpN~l

Jiwfshf gpd; tUk; Jiwfis ehk; ,dq; fz; Ls; sNshk; :

• vz; nza; Rj; jpfhpg;G • Gj;jhf; fr; rf; jp • Xd;wpizf; fg; gl; l Nkhl; lh; thfdq; fspd; jahhpg; G • gpuhe;jpaj; jpw;fhd cUf; Fg; ghyq; fspd; jahhpg; G • cuk; > l; hpgpy; Rg; gh; ngh]; Ngl; jahhpg; G • nraw; iff; Nfhs; njhopy; El; gk; • tpkhdq; fspd; jpUj; jq; fSk; > mjDld; njhlh; Gila Vida MjuTr;

nraw; ghLfSk; • xd; wpizf; fg; gl; l rP dpf; ifj; njhopy;

199. ,e; epiyikapy; KjyP Lfisf; fth; tjw; Fs; s xU rpy jilfs; gpd; tUkhW:

• ntspehl; lth; fSf; F fhzpiaf; Fj; jifahf toq; Fk; NghJ tpjpf; fg; gl; Ls; s

thpia ePf;Ftjw; Fk; ehd; gpNuhpg;gNjhL> fhzpfs; ifkhw; wy; tiuaiwr;

rl; lj; jpd; Clhf tpjpf; fg; gl; l ,dq; fhzg; gl; l KjyP Lfs; kPjhd chpj; jpd;

kPjhd jilfis ePf; FtJ njhlh; ghf ftdk; nrYj; Jtjw; Fk; Kd;

nkhopfpd; Nwd;. • nryhtzpf; fl; Lg;ghLfs; > KjyP Lfisf; fth; tJ njhlh; ghd fUj; J kpf

Kf; fpakhd Gs; spahFk; . vdNt> gioikahdJk; > fLikahdJkhd nryhtzpf;

fl; Lg;ghl; Lr; rl; lj; jpid ,uj; Jr; nra; tjw; Fk; > KjyP l;Lf; F el; Gwthd

ntspehl; Lr; nryhtzpf; fl; Lg;ghl; L Kfhikj; Jt rl; l%yj; ; jpid (FEMB),

mwpKfg; gLj; Jtjw; Fk; gpNuhpf;fpd; Nwd;. ,jd; %yk; rhh; f; kw; Wk; cyfpd;

Vida ehLfspdhy; ntspehl; Lr; nryhtzpiag; ngw; Wf; nfhs; tjw; fhd tha; g;GcUthf;fg; glyhk; .

• ntspehl; L KjyP l; L cl; gha; r;ry; fis Nkk; gLj; Jk; Nehf; Fld; > cs; Nehf;fpa

ntspehl; L tUthapd; Clhf tjpahNjhh; kw; Wk; ntspehl; Lf; fk; gdpfspdhy;

gl; bayplg;gl; l gq; Ffspy; Nkw;nfhs; sg; gLk; KjyP Lfspd; kPjhd

gq;fpyhgq; fspypUe; jhd tUkhdq; fs; > tUkhd thpapypUe; J tpyf; fspf; fg; gLk; . • KjyPl; Lr; rigfSf; Fg; gjpyhf epWtg; gLk; mgptpUj; jpf;fhd epWtdk;

ntspehl; L KjyP l; Lf; fhd tpz; zg; gq;fisg; g+h;j; jp nra; J 50 ehl; fSf; Fs;

th; j; jfj; jpid Muk; gpg;gjid cWjpg; gLj;Jk; . KjyP l;L Nkk; ghl; bw;F ,Jre; Njfkpd;wp nefpo; thd xU gpuNtrkhf mikayhk; .

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200. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> mjpfstpyhd KjyP Lfisf; fth; tjw;Fk; jf; f itj; Jf;

nfhs; tjw; Fk; jw; NghJ cs; s Vw; ;Wkjp Cf; Ftpg; G tyaq; fis etP dkag; gLj; jy;

mj; jpahtrpakhf cs; sJ. vdNt> ,t; tyaq; fis Kfhikj; Jtk; nra;tjw; fhf>

Njitahd epGzj; JtKs; s jdpahh; Jiw Kfhikj; Jtf; fk; gdpfSf; F

xg;gilg; gjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. KjyP l; Lr; rigAk; Gjpa Vw; Wkjp Cf; Ftpg; G

tyaq; fis ]; jhgpg;gjw; fhd eltbf; iffspy; <LgLtNjhL> mtw;iw

eilKiwg;gLj; jpajd; gpd; dh; ,g; Gjpa tyaq; fspd; Kfhikj; Jt eltbf; iffSk;

jdpahh; Jiwf; fk; gdpfSf; F xg; gilf; fg; gLk; .

201. mjp $ba Rw; whly; jhf; fq; fSila ifj; njhopy; fis Gj;jsk; > mk; ghe;Njhl; il

kw;Wk; fpspnehr; rp Nghd; w njhpT nra; ag; gl;l ,lq; fspy; nraw; gLtjw; F trjpfs;

nra; J nfhLf; fg; gLk; .

202. ehl; bd; gpd; jq; fpa gpuhe; jpaq; fspy; KjyP l; lhsh; fSf; F mur fhzpfs; kw; Wk; KjyP L

njhlh; ghd thpr; rYiffSk; > ngw;Wf; nfhLf; fg; gLk; . ,jd; %yk; murhq; fj; jpd;

nfhs; ifapid ehL KOtJk; rkepiyahd mgptpUj; jpiag; ngWtJ

cWjpg; gLj; jg; gLk; . ,g; gpuhe;jpaq;fspy; KjyPl; lhsh; fs; KjyP Lfis Nkw; nfhs; tij

Cf; Ftpf;Fk; Kfkhf ,g; gpuhe;jpaq;fspy; Fiwe; j gl; rk; 10 kpy; ypad; If; fpa mnkhpf; f

KjyP l; il Nkw; nfhs; Sk; (fhzp fl; llk; ePq;fyhf) my; yJ 500 Gjpa njhopy;

tha; g;Gf;fis Vw; gLj; Jk; (Gjpa Copah; Nrkyhg epjpf; fzf; FfSld; )

KjyP l; lhsh; fSf; F 5 tUlq; fSf; F 50 rjtP j thpf; Fiwg; ig toq; Ftjw; F ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. njhopy; tha; g;Gf;fspd; vz; zpf; ifahdJ 800 Ij; jhz; Lkplj; J

,t; thpf; Fiwg; ghdJ 8 tUlq; fshf mjpfhpf; fg; gLk; . NkYk; gy; NtW kl; l

rYiffSk; epahag; gLj; jg; gLk; .

203. cuhaT eP f;fp (Lubricant) - jw; NghJ cuha; T eP f;fpr; re; ijahdJ xU rpy

fk; gdpfspdhNyNa Kfhik nra; ag; gLfpd; wJ. MfNt> ehd; cuha; T ePf; fpr; ; re;ijia

jpwe;J tpLtjw; F Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. $ba ngWkjpr; Nrh; g;Gld; mjp$ba

KjyP Lfis Nkw; nfhz; L njhopy; Kaw; rpfis cUthf; Ftjw; F ehd;

Cf; Ftpf; fpd; Nwd;. NkYk; > cuha; T ePf; fpapid KjyP l; Lr; rigapd; vjph; kiwg;

gl; baypypUe; J eP f;Ftjw; Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

204. jhh (Bitumen) - tPjpfs; kw; Wk; mjpNtf tPjpfspd; Gdh; eph;khzk; kw; Wk; eph;khzj; ij

tpiuTgLj; Jtjw; F Vw; w tifapy; ,jw; fhd re; ijia jpwe; J tpLtjw; F ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

205. jw;NghJs; s th; j; jf epiyaq; fis tphpthf; fk; kw; Wk; etP d kag; gLj; Jtjw; F

,ae; jpuq;fspy; nra; ag; gLfpd; w KjyP l; bw;Fk; Gjpa Ntiy tha; g;G cUthf; fj; jpdhy;

<l;Lfpd; w ,yhgk; 3 tUlq; fSf; F miuthrp thpr; rYifia toq; Ftjw; F ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

206. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> 2011 Mk; Mz; L 43 Mk; ,yf; fj;ijf; nfhz; l njhopy;

Kaw; rpfs; kw; Wk; Fiw gad; ghLila nrhj; Jf; fis kP nsOr; rp nra; Ak; rl; lj; ijkPsha; T nra; J chpa jpUj; jq; fs; Nkw;nfhs; sg; gLk; . ,r; rl; lkhdJ fle; j

murhq; fj; jpdhy; mwpKfg; gLj; jg; gl; L gy KjyP l; lhsh; fs; ghjpf; fg; gl; ldh; . ehd; NkYk; >

,t; turhq; fkhdJ mt; thwhd murpay; rhh; ghd tpUk; gj; jfhj ve; jnthU nraiyAk;

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51

Nkw;nfhs; shJ vd cWjpaspj; Jf; $Wfpd; Nwd;. ,t; turhq; fkhdJ ,jw; Fg; gjpyhf

cs; Sh; kw; Wk; ntspehl; L KjyP l; lhsh; fis ghJfhf; ff; $ba Gjpa rl; lq; fis

mwpKfk; nra; Ak;.

207. fle; j murhq; fj; jpdhy; cgha mgptpUj; jpf; fUj; jpl; lr; rl; lj; jpd; fP o; ; rYiffisg;

ngw;Wf; nfhz; l fk; gdpfSf; fhf njhlh; e;Jk; mKypy; ,Uf; Fk; . Gjpa KjyP LfSf; fhf

cgha fUj; jpl; l KjyP l; Lr; rl; lj;jpw; Fg; gjpyhf “Gjpa KjyP Lfs; ” rl; lk; ,aw; wg;gLk; .

ehl; bd; ngsjP fj; Njhw; wj;jpy; Fwpg; gpLk; gbahd khw; wq;fisf; nfhz; Ltuf; $ba

fyg; Gf; fUj; jpl; lq; fspy; KjyP L nra; Ak; jdpahh; Jiw fk; gdpfSf; Fk; thp

Cf; Ftpg; Gf;fis ngw;Wf; nfhLg; gjw; Fk; ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. MdhYk; Vw;fdNt

rYiffSf; F tpz; zg; gpj;Js; s fk; gdpfSf; F Gjpa rl; lthf; fk; epYitapYs; sgbahy;

,ilf; fhyj; jpw;F rYiffs; toq; fg; gLk; . ehk; rpwg;G ,yhgq; fspd; kP J mjp <l; l

thpia tpjpj; Njhk; . gy fk; gdpfs; Kiwapl; ld. ,ij xU Kiw khw; wk; nrYj; Jk;

thpahf mwpKfk; nra; Njhk; . vjph; fhyj; jpy; mt; thwhd mjp <l; l thp tpjpf; fg; gl

khl; lhJ vd; gij ,r; rigf; F mwpaj; jUfpd; Nwd;.

208. cstUk; khwwy; fs kwWk; KjyP l;Lg gharry; fs - nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs>

fle; j jrhg; jj; jpy; ehl; by; fhzg; gl; l rl; l xOq; ; fw;w epiyAk; > Coy; >

ey; yhl; rpapd;ik> vd; gtw; Wld; $ba #oyhdJ ehl; by; tpahghuq; fspd;

nrayhw; Wifia nghpJk; ghjpj; jJ. Ml; rp khw; wj;Jld; ,e; ehlhdJ tpahghuq; fSf; fhf

rhjf epiyiaf; nfhz; Ls; sJ. jw; NghJ ehl; by; murpay; ]; jpuj; jd; ik kw; Wk;

ey; yhl; rp epyTfpd; wilahy; gyh; ehl; by; KjyP Lfis Nkw; nfhs; tjw; F jkJ

tpUg; gj; ij njhptpj; Js; sdh; . ,t; thwhd KjyP l; lhsh; fspd; KjyP LfSf; Fk; kw; Wk;

cs; Nehf; fpa khw; wy;fspdJk; ghJfhg; ig cWjpg; gLj; Jk; tifapy; fhg; GWjp

trjpfisg; ngw; Wf; nfhLf; ff; $ba rh; tNjr epWtdq; fSld; njhlh; G nfhs; tjw; F

ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. mNj Nghd; W gy; NtW fhuzq; fSf; fhf jkJ epjpfis

ntspehLfspy; itj; jpUf; Fk; ,yq; ifah; fs; jq; fsJ gzq; fis jha; ehl; bw;Ff;

nfhz; L te; J ehl; bd; nghUshjhu mgptpUj; jpapy; gq; fspg; Gr; nra; AkhW ehd; Nfl; Lf;

nfhs; fpd; Nwd;. NkYk; ehza khw; Wf; fl; Lg;ghl; L jsh; j; jYf; Nfw;wthW ntspehl; L

KjyP l; lhsh; fs; KjyP l; il ehl;bw; Ff; nfhz; L tUkhW Nfl; fg; gl; l gpizaq; fs;

KjyP l;L;f; fzf; if ,y; yhkyhf; f ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. chpa tq; fpfspd; Clhf

nfhz; L tug; gLk; NghJ ve; jnthU mur epWtdj; jpdhYk; > Nfs; tpfs; Nfl; fg; gl

khl; lhJ. MfNt ,e; j Vw; ghLfisg; gad; gLj; JkhW epWtdq; fis ehd;

Cf; Ftpf; fpd; Nwd;.

209. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> mk; ghe;Njhl; ilj; JiwKfj; ij ClWj; Jr; ; nry; Yk;

gpujhd fly; topapD}lhf tUlhe; jk; Vwj; jho 35>000 fg; gy; fSk; 4500 vz; nza; j;

jhq; fpf; fg; gy; fSk; nry; fpd; wd. vt; thwhapDk; > vq; fSila vz; nza; f; Fjq; fspd;

Clhf jw; NghJ xU rpy fg; gy; fSf; F kl; LNk tUlhe; jk; vhpnghUs;

toq; fg; gLfpd; wJ. ,r; re; jh;g;gj; ijg; gad; gLj; jp Mo; fly; vhpnghUs; Fjkply;

ifj; njhopypy; jdpahh; j; Jiwapdh; <LgLtij ehd; Cf; Ftpf; fpd; Nwd;. mjw; fhd

mDkjpg; gj; jpuq;fs; ntspg; gilahd Nghl; bj; jd; ikAila tpiy kDf; Nfhuy; fs;

%yk; tpepNahfpf; fg; gLk; .

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52

210. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> fg; gy; fl; Ljy; > fg; gy; cilj; jy; kw; Wk; fg; giyj;

jpUj; Jjy; Nghd; w eltbf; iffis Cf; Ftpg; gjw; fhf mk; ghe;Njhl; il kw; Wk;

jpUNfhzkiyapYs; s mur fhzpfis xJf; Ftjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

211. NkYk; ehk; ehl; by; Kf; $l; L Rgh; nghRg; Ngw;iw cw; gj; jp nra; tjw; F nghJj;

JiwNahL jdpahh; Jiwia gq; fhsh; fshfhy; Ftjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. ,jd;

%yk; gris ,wf; Fkjp Fiwtiltjdhy; ntspehl; L ehza Nrkpg; G mjpfhpf; fpd; w

Ntisapy; tptrhapfSf; Fk; ,yF tpiyapy; cuq; fis ngwf; $bajhf ,Ug; gjdhy;

ngUk; epthuzk; ngWth; .

Vw;Wkjp Cf; Ftpg; G

212. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> fle; j jrhg; jkhdJ ehl; bd; Vw;Wkjpj; Jiwapid

gpd;Ndhf; fpj; js; spa xU fhyg; gFjpahFk; . murhq; fj; jpd; FWfpa Nehf; fhd

nfhs; iffspdhy; re; ijfis ,of; f Ntz; bNaw;gl; ljpdhy; ehL cah; e;j ghjfkhd

kPjpiaf; nfhz; ljhfpaJ. nkhj; j cs; ehl; L cw; gj; jpapd; gq; fpy; 2000 Mk; Mz; by;

33.3 rjtP jkhff; fhzg; gl; l ,yq; ifapd; th; j; jf hP jpahd Vw; WkjpahdJ 2014 Mk; Mz; by; 14.1 rjtP jkhff; Fiwtile; jJ. mNj Ntis> cyfr; re; ijapy;

,yq; ifapd; Vw;Wkjpapd; gq; fhdJ 0.09 rjtP jj; jpy; ,Ue; J 0.06 rjtP jkhfTk;

,f; fhyg; gFjpapy; Fiwtile; Js; sJ. ,e; epiyikahdJ> ,U jug; G kw;Wk; gy jug; G

th; j; jf cld; gbf; iffs; %yk; Vw;Wkjpfis gy; tifg; gLj; jp vkJ epiyia

cWjpg; gLj; Jtjw; fhd chpa eltbf; iffs; vLf; fg; gl Ntz; Lk; vd; gij Ntz; b

epw;fpd; wJ. ntspthhpahd cWjpg; ghl;bw;F epiyNgwhd Vw; Wkjpj; Jiw tsh; r;rp

,d; wpaikahjjhFk; . ehl; bd; KO nkhj; jkhd nghUshjhu tsh; r;rpf;Fk; kw; Wk;

mgptpUj; jpf; Fk; fP o;tUk; gy Kf; fpa eltbf; iffis vLf; fTs; Nshk; .

213. nfhs; ifj; jP h;khdq; fis Nkw; nfhs; tjw; Fk; jlq; fy; fs; kw; Wk; ,ilA+Wfis eP f;ff;

$baJkhd xU cah; kl; l epu; thfk; cUthf; fg; gl; L mjD}lhf ehl; bd; Vw;Wkjp

cghaq; fs; ntw; wpfukhf mKy; gLj; jg; gLtNjhL> khj; jpuk; my; yhky; fz; fhzpf; fg; Gk;

nra; ag; gLk; . MfNt> mjpNkjF [dhjpgjpapd; jiyikapyhd nfsut gpujk mikr; rh;

kw;Wk; chpa mikr; rh;fis cs; slf; fpa mikr; rh;fspd; Vw;Wkjp mgptpUj; jpg; Nguit

cUthf; fg; gLk; . ,jd; %yk; Vw;Wkjp Cf; Ftpg; G> mgptpUj; jp kw; Wk; trjpaspg; G

eltbf; iffspy; <LgLk; midj; J gq; fhsh; fspdJk; rf; jpahdJ

xUKfg; gLj;jg; gLtNjhL> epWtdq; fSf; fpilapy; fhzg; gLk; ,ul; il khjphp Ntiyfs;

ePf;fg; gLtNjhL> Vw; wkjpj; Jiw Kd; Ndw;wk; njhlh; ghf njhlh; fz; fhzpg; G

cWjpg; gLj;jg; gLk; . ,jd; %yk; Vw;Wkjpj; Jiwapd; ePz; lfhy kw; Wk; eLj; ju fhy

,yf; Ffis rpwg; ghf mile; J nfhs; tjw; fhd topfhl; ly; fisAk; toq; f KbAk; .

214. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> ,yq; if fl; lhakhf cs; Nehf;fpa cghaq; fs;

khj; jpuky; yhky; ntspNehf; fpa cghaq; fis gpd; gw;wy; Ntz; Lk;. vkJ cs; s+h;

ifj; njhopy; Jiwfshd tq; fpj; Jiw> eph; khzj; Jiw> fy; tpj; Jiw> Nghd; wd

ehlbd; vy; iyfSf; F ntspapyhd Gjpa re; ijfis milaf; $ba ,aysitf;

nfhz; ljhFk; . MfNt> ,t; thwhd re; jh;g;gq;fisg; gad; gLj; jpf; nfhs; sf; $ba

Kiwapy; trjpfis nra; J nfhLg; gjw; fhf murhq; fk; kw; Wk; ifj; njhopy; Jiwapd;

gq;fspg; Gld; Muk; g KjyP lhf &gh 25 gpy; ypad; KjyPl; Lld; Vw;wkjp ,wf; Fkjptq; fpia (EXIM) cUthf; Ftjw; F Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. ,t; Ntw;Wkjp ,wf; Fkjp

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53

tq; fpahdJ 2016 Vg;hpy; 01 Mk; jpfjpapy; ,Ue; J nraw; gLk; . ,J fk; gdpahf

nfhOk; Gg; gq; Fr; re; ijapy; epuy; gLj; jg; gLk; .

215. cs; s+h; jdpahh; j; Jiw fk; gdpfs; Fwpg; ghf kpd; rhu cw; gj; jpAld; njhlh; Ggl; l

fk; gdpfs; jkJ nraw; ghLfis ntspehLfSf; F tphpTgLj; jpAs; sikia ehd; kpfTk;

kfpo; r;rpahff; $wpf; nfhs; s tpUk; Gfpd;Nwd;. mNj Nghy; > ,yq; if kpd; rhu rigAk; >

kpd; cw; gj; jp> kpd; khw;wy; kw; Wk; kpd; rhu tpepNahfk; vd; gtw; wpy; jkJ nraw; ghLfis

ntspehLfspy; tpahgpg; gjw; F Cf; Ftpf; fg; gLk; . Vw;fdNt gy cs; ehl; L fk; gdpfs;

jkJ nraw; ghLfis cfz; lh kw; Wk; jd; rhdpa Nghd; w ehLfspy; kpd; rhu cw; gj; jp

njhlu; gpy; tpahgpj; Js; sJ.

216. ,yq; if J}Jtuhyaq; fs; Vw;Wkjp Cf; Ftpg; gpy; gpujhd gq; fhw;wf; $bad vd; gJ

ehq; fs; midtUk; mwpe;j tplaNk. MfNt> ntspehl; L J}Jtuhyaq; fspy; fhzg; gLk;

th; j; jf myif cWjpg; gLj; Jtjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. ,yq; ifj;

J}juhyaq; fspy; fhzg; gLk; th; j; jf myif cWjpg;gLj; Jtjw; F ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. ,yq; ifj; J}Jtuhyaq; fspy; fhzg; gLk; th; j; jf myfhdJ

cs; s+h; tpahghhpfs; nghUl; fs; kw; Wk; Nritfs; njhlh; ghf fhyj; jpw;Ff; fhyk; re; ijtopfhl; liyg; ngw; Wf; nfhLg; gij fl; lhag; gLj; JtNjhL> mit th; j; jfj; jpizf; fsk;

kw;Wk; Vw;Wkjp mgptpUj; jpr; rigapd; ,izaj; jsq; fspy; gpuRhpf;FkhWk; Kd;

nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

217. NkYk; > Vw;Wkjp mgptpUj; jpr; rigahdJ Vw; Wkjpfis Cf; Ftpf; Fk; tifapy; ;

cWjpg; gLj; jg; gLtNjhL> ,yq; if Vw; Wkjpg; nghUl; fSf; fhd Gjpa re; ijfis

mwpKfk; nra; tjw; F kpfTk; RWRWg; Gld; nraw;gl Ntz; Lk; vd; gNjhL Fwpg; ghf

jfty; njhopy; El; gk;> thridj; jputpaq; fs; > khzpf; ff; fw;fs; kw; Wk; Mguzq; fs;

vd; gtw; wpd; tu; j; jfehk Cf; Ftpg; G kw;Wk; Gjpa re; ijfis fz; L gpbj; jy; vd; gtw; wpy;

<Lgly; Ntz; Lk; vdTk; ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.218. ,yq; if Vw; Wkjp fld; fhg; GWjpf; $l; Lj; jhgdkhdJ> Vw; Wkjpf; fhg; GWjp vy; iyfis

tphpTgLj; jp Nkk; gLj; Jtjd; Clhf vkJ Vw; Wkjpahsh; fs; Gjpa re; ijfis mile; J

nfhs; tjw; fhd ,aYkhd R+oiy cUthf; f ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. tpN~lkhf

mjhtJ> rh; tNjr re; ijapy; Eioaf; $ba rhj; jpaq; fshff; $ba vkJ rpwpa kw; Wk;

eLj; ju njhopy; Kaw; rpahsh; fsf; F chpa MjuTfis ngw; Wf; nfhLg; gjpy; $Ljy;

ftdk; nrYj; Jjy; Ntz; Lk;.

cj; jpNahf G+u; t xJf;Ffs;

219. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> vkJ nghUshjhuj; jpd; Kfhik rf; jpia

Nkk;gLj; Jtjw; F ntspehl; L ehza ,Ug; gpid cWjpg; gLj; Jtjd; Kf; fpaj; Jtj; jpid

ehd; kPz; Lk; topAWj; j Ntz; bajpy; iy vd epidf; fpd; Nwd;. nghUl; fs; kw; Wk;

Nritfs; Vw;Wkjpapd; Nkk; ghL kw; Wk; KjyP l;L cs; tUtha; fs; %yk; $ba

mstpyhd ntspehl; L khw; wy; cUthf; fg; gLk; . NkYk; > 2016 Mk; Mz; bd; [{d; khj

Kbtpy; mjpfhu g+h; tkhd ehza ,Ug; ghdJ If; fpa mnkhpf; f nlhyh 10

gpy;ypad; fshf ,Uf; Fk; vd vjph; ghh;f; fpd; Nwd;.

220. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> Vw; Wkjpahsh; fs; jkJ ,yq; iff; f ntspapyhd jdJVw;Wkjp tUkhdj; jpy; Vwf; Fiwa 30 rjtP jj; jpid my; yJ I.m.nlh. 3 gpy; ypad; fis

ntspehLfspy; epWj; jp itj; J tpl; L Fiwe; jsT tUkhdj; ijNa cs; ehl; Lf; F

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54

mDg; Gfpd;wdh; vd fz; Lgpbf;fg;gl; Ls; sJ. ehq; fs; jw; NghJ nefpo; thd ehzakhw; W

tPj nfhs; ifia Nehf; fp Kd; NdwpAs; Nshk; . MfNt> Vw; Wkjpahsh; fs; jkJ Vw; Wkjp

tUkhdj; ij ehl; Lf; Fs; nfhz; L tuhky; ,Ug; gjw; fhd vt; tpj fhuzq; fisAk;

$wKbahJ. MfNt> ehd; midj; J Vw; Wkjpahsh;fsplj; jpYk; Nfl; Lf; nfhs; tJ

vd;dntd; why;> jkJ KOikahd Vw;Wkjp tUkhdq; fisAk; ehl; Lf; Fs;

nfhz; LtUk; gb Ntz; bf; nfhs; fpd; Nwd;. murhq; fkhdJ Vw; Wkjpahsh; fspd;

tpahghuq; fspd; Kd; Ndw;wj;Jf; F mtrpakhd rhj; jpakhd jsj; ij

cUthf; fpAs; sikapdhy; ,jid xU gzpthd Ntz; LNfhshf Kd; itf; fpd; Nwd;.

221. vkJ nghUshjhuj; jpid Kd; Ndw;Wtjw; F ntspehl; L xJf; Ffis ]; jpug;gLj; j

Ntz; bajd; Kf; fpaj; Jtj; jpid ehd; kPz; Lk; typAWj; jpf; $w Ntz; ba

mtrpakpy; iy. nghUl; fs; kw; Wk; Nritfspd; Vw;Wkjp tUkhdk; kw; Wk; mjpfhpj; j

KjyP l; L cl;gha; r;ry; fspdhy; 2016 Mk; Mz; L [_d; khj ,Wjpapy; 10 gpy; ypad;

I.m.nlhyh; fshf mjpfhug+h; t xJf; Ffs; mjpfhpf; Fnkd ehd; vjph; ghh;f;fpd; Nwd;.

rhtNjr thj; jfk

222. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> jw; NghJs; s ,wf; Fkjp kw; Wk; Vw;Wkjpf; fl; Lg;ghl; Lr;

rl; lkhdJ mDkjpg; gj; jpu Kiwikia cUthf; fpAs; sJld; mjdhy; ehl; il juk;

Fiwe; j nghUl; fis Ftpf; Fk; jskhf khwpf; nfhz; bUg; gij jLf;f KbahJs; sJ.

jw;NghJs; s rl; l tiuTfis ePf; fp Gjpa rl; lj;jpid mwpKfg; gLj; j ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. ,jd; %yk; cs; ehl; L cw; gj; jpahsh; fSf; F xU rkepiyahd

jsj; ij toq; FtNjhL> ehl; by; xU nraw; wpwdhd ,wf; Fkjp kw; Wk; Vw;Wkjp

KiwikAk; cUthf; Fk; .

223. vkJ rh; tNjr th; j; jff; nfhs; if Ntiyr; rl; lfj; ij cWjpg; gLj; Jk; Nehf; Fld;

rh;tNjr th; j; jf Kftuhz; ikia cUthf; Ftjw; F jpl; lkplg; gl; Ls;sJ. If; fpamnkhpf; fh> rP dh> njd; nfhhpah> rpq; fg; g+h;> mT]; jpNuypah> njd; Mgphpf;fh kw; Wk;

[g;ghd; Nghd; w ehLfSld; Rje; jpu th; j; jf cld; gbf;iffis Nkw; nfhs; tjw; fhd

rhj; jpaj; jd; ikia fz; lwpAkhW Ntz; bf; nfhs; tNjhL> [P . v]; . gP gps];

KiwikapD}lhf INuhg; ghTf; fhd Vw; Wkjpfis Nkk; gLj; Jtjw; fhd

eltbf; iffisAk; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

fhzp

224. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> mur fhzpfspd; gad; ghl; il cr; rg;gLj; Jk; kw; Wk; mur

fhzpfs; njhlh; ghf Kiwaw; w nfhLf; fy; thq; fy; fis xopf; Fk; Nehf; fpy; ; xU “fhzp

tq; fpia ” mwpKfk; nra; tjw; F Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. ,J muRf; F chpikahd

fhzpfs; njhlh; ghd ,yj; jpudpay; juTj; jsj; ijAk; nfhz; ljhFk; .

,e; eltbf; iffSf; fhf ehd; &gh 500 kpy; ypad; fis xJf; Ftjw; F Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

jfty; njhlh; G njhopy; El; g Kftuhz; ik epWtdk; ,yj; jpudpay; juTj; jsj; jpw;F

,j; jfty; fs; cldbahf khw; wg;gLtij cWjp nra; Ak;. mjd; gpd; G ,j; juTj; jsk;

jdpahUf; Fr; nrhe; jkhd fhzpfspd; juTfis cs; thq; fpf; nfhs; s KbAk; .

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tPlikg; G

225. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> ,t; turhq; fk; midtUf; Fk; ,Ug; gpl trjpapidg;

ngw;Wf; nfhLg; gjw; F cWjp g+z; Ls; sJ. ,e; Nehf;fj; jpw;fhf gad; gLj; jg; glhj kw; Wk;

Fiw ghtidAila mur fhzpfs; tpLtpf; fg; gLk; .

226. Nrhp tho; kf; fs; vjph; nfhs; Sk; ntspg; gLj; jg;glhj f~; lq; fis ehd; ed; F

mwpe;jtd; . ,g; gpur;rpidahdJ rhjp> ,dk; > kjk; kw; Wk; nghUspay; vd; gtw; Wf;Fk; mg;ghy; Rfhjhuk; > fy; tp> r%f mgptpUj;jp> vd; gtw; wpy; kl; Lky; yhky; murpaypYk;

jhf; fk; nrYj; jpAs; sJ. MfNt> ehl; bd; gpui[fshd mth; fsJ gpur; rpidfisAk;

ftdj; jpy; nfhs; tJ vkJ flikahFk; . MfNt> vjph; tUk; 5 Mz; Lfspy; mur>

jdpahh; gq; Flikapd; fP o; Nrhp tho; kf; fSf; F 100>000 tPl; L myFfis eph; khzpj; J

toq; Ftjw; F Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. mNj Ntis> kP s; Fbakh; j; jypd; NghJ mth; fsJ

tho; thjhuk; kw; Wk; r%f tiyaikg; G ghjpg; Gf;Fs; shfhJ vd; gJk; cWjp nra; ag; gLk; .

227. jdpahh; Jiwapd; gq; fspg; Gld; eLj; ju kl; l murhq; f kw; Wk; jdpahh; Jiw

Copah; fSf;F 150>000 tP l; L myFfisAk; murhq; fj; jpd; rpNu~; l Copah; fSf;fhf

5>000 tPl;L myFfisAk; epahakhd tpiyapy; ngw; Wf; nfhLg; gjw; F murhq; fk; jplrq; fw;gk; g+z; Ls; sJ. ,t; tPLfshdJ nfhOk; G> aho; g;ghzk; > fz; b>khj; jiw>

kl; lf; fsg; G> Gj;jsk; kw; Wk; FUehfy; Mfpa ,lq; fspy; cs; s mur fhzpfspy;

eph;khzpf; fg; gLk; . mur Copah; fs; tPLfisf; nfhs; tdT nra; tjw; fhf fld; trjpfs; >

nra; J nfhLf; fg; gLtNjhL> jdpahh; Jiw KjyP l; lahsh; fSf; F miu thp tpLKiw

ngw;Wf; nfhLf; fg; gLk; . ,t; tPl;L myFfisr; Rw;wp Vida r%f mbg; gil trjpfSk;

nra; J nfhLf; fg; gLk; .

228. fpuhkpa kf; fspd; tho; thjhuj; ij Nkk; gLj; Jk; Nehf; fpy; vkJ murhq; fk; Gjpa fpuhkpa

tPlikg; Gj; jpl; lq; fis mKy; gLj; Jk; murhq; fkhdJ nrytpid FbapUg; ghsh; fSld;

gfph;e;J nfhs; Sk; . 500 rJu mb epyg; gug;igf; nfhz; l tPl; ilf; fl; bf; nfhs; tjw; F

murhq; fkhdJ mjpf gl; rkhf &gh 300>000 &ghit fl;lk; fl; lkhf ngw; Wf;

nfhLf; Fk; . murhq; fkhdJ> xt; nthU Njh; jy; njhFjpapYk; Fiwe; j gl; rk; 5>000

tPLfisahtJ eph; khzpf; Fk; . ,jw; fhf &gh 4>500 kpy; ypad; fis xJf; Ftjw; F Kd;

nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

229. fhzp mgptpUj;jp fl; lisr; rl; lk; > Rth; z g+kp kw; Wk; cjhfk Mfpadtw; wpd; fP o;

fhzp kw; Wk; tP Lfis ngw; W mDkjpg; gj; jpuj; Jld; 10 tUlq; fSf; F Nky;

FbapUe; jth; fSf; F mtw; wpd; chpikiag; ngw; Wf; nfhLf; Fk; tifapy; Njitahd

rl; l jpUj; jq; fs; Nkw;nfhs; sg; gLk; . ,t; tpjp tpyf; fhdJ 10 tUlq; fSf; F Nky; murtPLfs; kw;Wk; ngUe; Njhl;lj; Jiw tP Lfspy; tho; gth; fSf; Fk; tpupthf; fg; gLk; .

230. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> ntt; NtW cs;Suhl; rp rigfs; ntt; NtW tifahd

nrhj; J tupfis mKy; gLj; JtJ tup nrYj; Jgtu; fSf; F kpFe; j ghjpg; gpid

nfhLf; fpd; wJ. vdNt cs; Suhl; rp rigfspd; tup mwtPLfs; tUlhe; j tu; j; jf

ngWkjpapy; 15 rjtP jj; ij kP Wjy; $lhJ vd; gjid ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. NkYk;

tUlhe; j nrhj; J kjpg; G &gha; 500 my; yJ mjw; F Fiwe; jjhf ,Ue; jhy; tup tpyf; F

mspf; fTk; ehd; gupe;Jiuf; fpd; Nwd;.

231. kpd;rf; jp Nrkpg; gpid Cf; fg; gLj; Jtjw; fhf tP l;Lupikahsu; fis R+upa rf; jpia

gad;gLj; Jtjw; Fk; mjd; %yk; tupj; NjitfspNy fzprkhd tupf; Fiwg; Gfisg;

ngw;Wf; nfhs; tjw; Fk; ehd; Cf; fg; gLj; JfpNwd; .

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232. jw;Nghija eilKiwf; Fg; nghUe; Jk; tifapy; eilKiwapy; cs; s thlif kw; Wk;

tPl;L Mjdq; fs; kPjhd tiuaiw njhlh; ghd rl; lq; fs; kPsha; T nra; ag; gLk; .

233. NkYk; $l; L Mjdq; fspy; KjypLk; ntspehl; ltu; fSf; F cs; Su; tq; fpfspD}lhf

cs; Su; gzj; jpy; Mjdj; jpd; 40 rjtP j ngWkhdKs; s fld; fisg; ngw;Wf;

nfhs; tjw; Fk; ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

eph;khzj; Jiw

234. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> cs; Sh; eph;khzf; ifj; njhopy; Jiwapd; fle; j

jrhg; jj; jpy; mth; fspd; nrayhw; Wif njhlh; ghf ghuhl; LfpNwd;. ,f; ifj; njhopy;

JiwahdJ ntspehLfspy; re; jh;g;gq;fis ngw; Wf; nfhs; sf; $ba mstpy; Kjph; T

mile; Js; sJ. vkJ murhq; fkhdJ ,t; thwhd njhopy; Kaw; rpfspy; gq; F

nfhs; tjw; F jplrq; fw;gk; g+z; Ls; sJ. MfNt> ntspehl; L re; ij tha; g;Gf;fis ngw; Wf;

nfhs; s KaYk; fk; gdpfSf; F mit ,yq; iff; F ntspapy; ciof; Fk;

tUkhdq; fSf; F ghjp tpfpjk; cl; gl gy thp eyd; fs; ngw; Wf; nfhLf; fg; glTs; sd.

NkYk; > ,yq; ifapd; eph;khzg; gzpfis Nkw; nfhs; tjw; fhf cs; tUk; ve; j xU

ntspehl; Lf; fk; gdpAk; ; cs; @h; eph;khzf; fk; gdpfSld; fl; lhak; $l; L Kaw; rpia

cUthf; Fjy; Ntz; Lk;.

235. eph;khzj; Jiw ifj; njhopy; cj; juthj epjp mwtPl; bid eP f;Ftjw; F Kd;

nkhopfpNwd;. ,jd; %yk; rpwpa kw; Wk; eLj; ju njhopy; Kaw; rpahsh; fs;

Cf; Ftpf; fg; ggLtNjhL> midtUf; Fk; rkkhd xU jsk; cUthf; fg; gLk; . Kd;

nkhopag; glTs; s Njrpa tP likg; G tq; fpahdJ mtrpakhd cj; juthjj; jpid

toq; FtJld; kj; jpag; gLj; jg; gl; l nrayhw; WifapD}lhf eph; khzj; Jiwf;

ifj; njhopYf; F MjuTk; mspf; Fk; .

236. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> eph; khzf; ifj; njhopy; JiwahdJ mth; fSf; F fpilf; fNtz; ba epYitfisg; ngw; Wf; nfhs; Sk; NghJ fLk; rpukq; fis vjph; nfhs; s

Ntz; bAs; sJ. ,jdhy; > rpwpa epWtdq; fspd; njhlh; nraw; ghLfs; ghjpg;gile; J

tq; FNuhj; J epiyia vjph; Nehf;Ffpd; wJ. MfNt> ehd; nfhLg; gdT cj; juthj

ghJfhg; Gr; rl; lj; ij Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. ,J mth; fs; epYitfisg; ngw; Wf;

nfhs; tjw; F NghJkhd cWjpia mspf; Fk; .

237. eph;khzf; ifj; njhopy; JiwahdJ kzy; Nghd; w %yg; nghUl; fs; pd; gw; whf;Fiwapdhy;

nghpJk; ghjpg; gile; Js; sJ. MfNt eph; khzj; Jiwf; F mtrpakhd jukhd kziyg;

ngw;Wf; nfhs; Sk; tifapy; Mo; fly; kziyg; ngw; W mjidf; fOTtjw; F

mtrpakhd ,ae; jpu rhjdq; fis ,wf; Fkjp nra; tjw; F Cf; Ftpf; fg; gLk; . mj; jifa

,wf; Fkjpfspd; nrytP dq; fs; ,ul; ilf; fopT ngWk; thpahff; fUjg; gLtjw; F ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

238. ,Uk; G> gPq;fhd; > XL> Rfhjhu cgfuzq; fs; Nghd; w fl; ll eph; khzg; nghUl; fs; cah;

tpiy kw; Wk; gw; whf;Fiwia eP f;Fk; Kfkhf ,tw; wpd; ,wf; FkjpAld; njhlh; ghd

fl; lzq; fs; fP o; Nehf; fpr; rPuhf;fk; nra; ag; gLk; . NkYk; > ,yq; if KjyP l; Lr; rigapd;

vjph;kiw epuypy; ,Ue; J gPq; fhd; > XL> $iuj; jfL> kw; Wk; kyry $l cgfuzq; fs; ;

ePf;fg; gLk; . ghuk; J}f; fpfs;> nfhq; fpwPl; fyit ,ae; jpuq;fs; > kPjhd ,wf; Fkjpf;

fl; lzq; fs; ePf;fg; gLk; . NkYk; > mjpf ghuk; $ba eph; khzj; Jiw ,ae; jpu rhjdq; fs;

kPjhd ,wf; Fkjp taJf; fl; Lg;ghL jw; NghJ 7 tUlq; fspypUe; J 10 tUlq; fshf

mjpfhpf; fg; gLk; ; .

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57

239. &gh 50 kpy; ypaDf; Fk; Fiwthd murhq; f ngWif xg; ge;jq; fs; kPjhd rpwpa kw; Wk;

eLj; ju eph; khz xg; ge;jq; fSf; fhd Ntiyfis Muk; gpg;gjw;fhd Kw; gzj; ij

mjpfhpg; gjw;F Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. ,jd; %yk; mth; fsJ fhRg; gha; r;riy Nkk; gLj; j

KbAk; .

240. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> fl; ll eph; khzj; Jiwapy; jpwd; nfhz; l

njhopyhsh; fSf; F cah; Nfs; tp fhzg;gLfpd; wJ. MfNt> mur jdpahh; gq; Flik

mbg; gilapy; jdpahh; Jiw eph; khzf; ifj; njhopy; epWtdq; fspdhy; njhopy; rhh;

eilKiwg; gapw;rp mspf; fg; gLk; xt; nthU gapw; rpahsUf; Fk; &gh 10>000

murhq; fj; jpdhy; %d; W khjq; fSf; F gapw; rpf; fhyj; jpy; ngw; Wf; nfhLf; fg; gLk;. ,jd;

fPo; xt; nthU fhyhz; bYk; Nkrd; > jr; R> Foha; > nghUj; Jif kpd; dpay; > kw;Wk;

mYkpdpak; ,izg; Gj; Jiwfs; Rkhh; 7>500 ,isQh; fs; gapw; Wtpf; fg; gLth; . ,jw; fhf

&gh 500 kpy; ypaid xJf; Ftjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfp; d;Nwd;.

RwWyh

241. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> Rw; Wyhj; JiwahdJ ehl; bd; nghUshjhuj; jpy; kpfTk;cWjpahd xU Jiwahf njhlh; e;J fhzg; gLfpd; wJ. ,J 2015 Mk; Mz; bd; Kjy; 10

khj fhyg; gFjpapy; 1.5 kpy; ypad; Rw;Wyhg; gazpfs; tUif gjpT nra; ag; gl; Ls; sJ.

2014 Mk; Mz; bd; mNjfhyg; gFjpAld; xg; gpLifapy; ,J 18 rjtP j mjpfhpg; ghFk; .

vt; thwhapDk; > vkJ ehl; il ehk; chpa Kiwapy; re; ijg; gLj; jg; glhikiaapl; L ehd;

ftiyg; gLfpNwd; .

242. ,J njhlh; gpy; fle; j rpy tUlq; fshf ehq; fs; gy Kaw; rpfis Nkw; nfhz; Lk; mit

VJk; rhj; jpag; gltpy; iy. ,g; gpuhe;jpaj; jpy; fhzg; gLk; Nghl; bj; jd; ikia fUj; jpw;

nfhs; Sk; NghJ ,yq; if tpUk; gj; jF Rw; Wyhj; jskhf njhlh; e;Jk; Ngzg; gly;

Ntz; Lkhapd; ,yq; ifapy; rpwg;ghf Fwpg; gplg;gly; Ntz; Lk;. mjw; fhf> ,yq; if

Rw;Wyh Nkk; gLj; jy; gzpafkhdJ Gjpa re; ijfis fz; L gpbg; gjw; fhf Fwpg; ghf J}u

fpof; F ehLfspd; re; ijiaf; ftUk; tifapy; rpwg;ghd Nkk; gLj; jy; eltbf; iffis

Muk;gpj;jy; Ntz; Lk;.

243. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> Rw; Wyhj; Jiwapy; jFjpahd MszpapdUf; Fg; ngUk;

jl; Lg;ghL epyTfpd; wJ vd; gij eP q;fs; mwptP h;fs; . ,g; gpur;rpidia jP h;g;gjw; fhf

jdpahh; Jiwapd; gq; fspg; Gld; ,isQh; fSf; F cgrhpg; Gj; Jiwapy; gapw; rpaspg; gjw; F

ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. xt; nthU fhyhz; bYk; 3000 ,isQh; fSf; F gapw; rpaspf; Fk;

tifapy; 3 khjq; fs; epiyahd gapw; rpf; fhykhff; nfhz; l xU gapw; rp newpf; F mjp$ba njhifahf &gh 15000 tiuapy; 50 rjtP j gapw; rpf; fl; lzj; ij murhq; fj; jpdhy;

ngw;Wf; nfhLg; gjw; fhf &gh 100 kpy; ypad; fis xJf; fPL nra; tjw; F ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

244. NkYk; > jdpahh; Jiw N`hl; ly; fs; ,j; jifa gapw; rpg; ghlrhiyfis

cUthf; Ftjw; F Cf; Ftpg; G toq; Fk; tifapy; jpwd; mgptpUj; jp Jiwf; F

toq; fg; gl; Ls; s Kk; klq; F fopT thpr; rYifia ,e; epWtdq; fSf; Fk; toq; Ftjw; F

ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd; .

245. $l; lq; fs; Cf; Ftpg; Gf;fs; > khehLfSk; fz; fhl; rpfSk; my; yJ (MICE) vd

miof; fg; gLk; Jiwia Cf; Ftpf; Fk; Kfkhf gz; lhu ehaf; fh Qhgfhh; j; j kz; lgk; >neYk; nghf; Fd muq; F kw; Wk; Gjpa efu kz; lgj; jpw;F mUfhikapy; etP d

trjpfsld; $ba fz; fhl; rpf; $lk; mikf; fg; gLk; . ,J 7000 ,Uf; if trjpfSld;

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jdpahh; Jiw gq; fspg; Gld; eph;khzpf; fg; gLk; . ,t; thwhd eltbf; iffis Cf; Ftpf; Fk;

Nehf; fpy; MICE Jiwapy; <LgLtjw; fhf tpN~lkhf cUtrhf; fg; gl; l fk; gdpfSf; F

%d; W tUlq; fSf; F 50 rjtP j tpLKiw mspg; gjw; W Kd; nkhopfpNwd; . mj;NjhL

ehd; ,jw; fhf &gh.3>000 kpy; ypaid xJf; Ftjw; F Kd; nkhopfpd; ;Nwd;.

246. Rw;Wyhg; gpuahzpfspdhy; $Ljyhd msT gzj; ij nrytspg; gij

Cf; Ftpg; gjw; fhfTk; kw; Wk; ,yq; ifia gpuhe; jpaj; jpy; Mlk; gug; nghUl; nfhs; tdT

jskhf khw; Wtjw; Fk; cilfs; >,yj; jpudpay; > kw;Wk; kpd; rhu cgfuzq; fs; kw; Wk;

Vida Jizg; nghUl; fs; kPjhd thpfis rP uhf;fk; nra; tjw; F Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

247. ehza khw; whsh;fs; - kj; jpa tq; fpapd; mDkjpg; gj; jpuf; fl; lzk; kw; Wk;

topfhl; ly; fSf; Fl; gl; L me; epa ehzakhw; W tpahghuj; ij NkYk; ,yFgLj; Jtjw; F

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

248. ,yq; ifahdJ> fyhrhu> kj> R+oypay; > kw;Wk; kUj; Jtj; ij Nehf; fhff; nfhz; l

Rw;Wyhg; gpuahzpfis fth; tjpy; mjp $ba rhj; jpaj; jd; ikiaf; nfhz; ljhFk; .

fyhrhu Kf; Nfhz gpuhe; jpak; > fpof; F flw; fiu> Etnuypah> gJis kw;Wk; kiyehL

vd; gd fth; r;rpahd Rw; Wyhj; jyq; fshf khw; wg;gLtjw; F mtrpakhd eltbf; iffs;vLf; fg; gLk; . jdpahh; Jiw gq; fspg; Gld; nge; Njhl; il> NjJt> kpwp]; ]> kw; Wk;

nfhOk; Gf; Nfhl; il> vd; gd tpN~l Rw; wyh tyaq; fshf mgptpUj; jp nra; tjpy;

tpN~l ftdk; nrYj; jg; gLk; . NkYk; > fhyp Nfhl; ilahdJ ghJfhf; fg; gl;L fhyp

efukhdJ tuyhw; W efukhf mgptpUj; jp nra; ag; gLk; . ,e; eltbf; fifSf; F &gh 500

kpy;ypad; fis xJf; Ftjw; F Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

249. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> kUj; Jt Rw; Wyh> Fwpg;ghf vkJ RNjr

itj; jpaj; JiwahdJ ehl; Lf; F Rw; Wyhg; gazpfis ftuf; $ba xU Kf; fpa

fhuzpahFk; . vt; thwhapDk; > cah; juj; jpid guhkhpg; G kpfTk; Kf; fpakhdjhifahy;

Vw;Wf; nfhs; s Kbahj eilKiwfs; mDkjpf; fg; gl khl; lhJ. MfNt> ,j; Jiwiarhpahd Kiwapy; top elhj; Jtjw; F mtrpakhd nghUj; jkhd rl; l tpjpfis

mwpKfk; nra; tjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

250. Nkhrkhd Kfhik fhuzkhf mur clikahd tpLjpfs; kw; Wk; Rw;Wyh tpLjpfs;

kpfTk; ghjpg; Gw;Wf; fhzg;gLfpd; wd. midj; J chpj; jhsh; fisAk; gq; Fjhuhh; fshff;

nfhz; l xU Kfhikj; Jt fk; gdpapd; fPo; ,t; tidj; J Rw; Wyh tpLjpfisAk; nfhz; L

tUtjw; F Kd; nkhopfpNwd; . ,itfs; njhopy; ty; Ydh; fshy; nraw; gLj; jg; gLtNjhL>

khj; jpuky; yhJ epahakhd tpiyapy; rpwg;ghd trjpfSk; toq; Fk; tifapy;

juKah; j; jg; gLk; .

251. ehk; NkYk; fz;fhl; rp $lk; xd; iw mur jdpahu; gq; fspg; gpD}lhf ghuhSkd; w

fl; blj; jpw;F mUfpy; epu;khzpf; f cs; Nshk; .

252. ehd; NkYk; gpd; jq; fpa gpuNjrq; fspy; fUg; G+q;fhf; fis cUthf; Ftjw; F

gupe;Jiuf; fpd; Nwd;. mj; Jld; mjw; fhf mur fhzpfis toq; Ftjw; Fk; miuthrp tup

tpLKiwfis 10 tUl fhyj; jpw;Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. ,J mg;gpuNjrq; fspy;

nghUshjhu mgptpUj; jp eltbf; iffis tpupTgLj; Jtjw; fhd Rw; Wyh kw; Wk; Xa; TNeu

fspg; G nraw; ghLfis tpupTgLj; jy; fs; %ykhd ed; ikfis Vw; gLj; Jk; .

253. ehl; by; jw; NghJ nraw; gl; Lf; nfhz; bUf; Fk; Rw;Wyh tpLjpfspy; 60 rjtP jkhdit

gjptw; wjhFk; . ,J ehl; by; cgrhpg; Gj; Jiwapy; chpa juq; fisg; NgZtjpy; gyrpf;fy; fis Vw; gLj; jpAs;sJ. MfNt> 2016 khh; r; 31 mk; jpfjpapy; midj; J Rw; Wyh

tpLjpfSk; Rw;wyh mgptpUj; jp mjpfhu rigapy; fl; lhak; gjpT nra; ag; gly; Ntz; Lk;

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vd Kd; nkhopfpNwd; . gjpT nra; ag; glhky; ,aq; Fk; Rw;Wyh tpLjpfSf; F vjpuhf

fLikahd eltbf; iffis Rw; Wyh mgptpUj; jp mjpfhu rigahdJ Nkw;nfhs; sy;

Ntz; Lk; vdTk; Kd; nkhopfpNwd; .

254. el; rj; jpu tFg; G tifg; gLj; jYf; F mikthf Rw; Wyh tpLjpfs; Gus; tpd; kPJ mjpf

gl; rkhf 3 rjtPjk; fl; lzk; tpjpf; fg; gLk; . ,jw; fhf th; j; jf rigfspd; $l; likg; gpy;

gjpT nra; ag; gl; Ls; s Rw; Wyh tpLjpfs; th; j; jf rk; Nksdj; jpdhy; tifg; gLj; jg; gl; Ls; s

el; rj; jpu tFg; Gf;fis mbg; gilahff; nfhz; litahf mika Ntz; Lk;.

255. tpLjp thfdq; fs; > Rw;Wyhg; glFfs; > ePh;r;rWf; F cgfuzq; fs; > tpirg; glFfs; kw; Wk;

rpwpa Rw;Wyhf; fg; gy; fs; kPjhd ,wf; Fkjp fl; lzq; fis ePf; Ftjw; F

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

tqfp kwWk; epjpapay;

nfhOkG ru; tNjr epjp ikak ( CIFC)

256. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> ehq;fs; gy tUlq; fshf epjp ikankhd; W njhlu; ghf

fijf; fpd; Nwhk;. Mdhy; mJ rhj; jpakhftpy; iy. cyf rdj; njhifapd; ehd; fpy; xUgFjpia jd; dfj; Nj nfhz; Ls; s rhu; f; gpuhe;jpaj; jpy; vkJ ngsjP f hP jpahd

miktplkhdJ mj; jifanjhU Kaw; rpf;F $Ljy; re; ju;g;gj;ij toq; fpAs; sJ. epjp

ikakhdJ nghUshjhuq; fspd; tsu; r;rpia J}z; Lk; rf; jpiaf; nfhz; Ls; sJ. ,J

cz; ikapy; vq; fsplkpUe; J rpy Kjpu; Tfis Ntz; b epw;fpd; wJ. mjhtJ tpNrlkhf

ngsjpf kw; Wk; vz; zpk fl; likg; G trjpfs; kdpjtsk; xOq; FgLj; jy; kw; Wk; rl; l

epjp cl; fl; likg; G trjpfshFk; . ,t; turhq; fkhdJ rhj; jpakhd tplaq; fspy; gzj; ij

KjypLtjpy; ek; gpf;if nfhz; Ls; sJ. ,e; jg; gpd; dzpapy; ehq; fs; nfhOk; G ru; tNjr

epjp ikaj; jpid cUthf; FNthk; .

257. ,f; Fwpg;gpl;l tyak; Lgha; ru; tNjr epjp ikak; kw; Wk; cyfpd; gy ghfq; fspy;

fhzg; gLk; fiufle;j epjp ikaq; fspd; mbg; gilapy; epu;khzpf; fg; gLk; . ,t; tyakhdJ

tiuaWf; fg; gl; l b.Mu; tp[atu; jd khtj; ijf; Fs; cs; slf; fg; gLtJld; 300>000 rJu

mbfisf; nfhz; l fl; blj; njhFjpAk; epu;khzpf; fg; gLk; . epjp ika xOq; FgLj; jy;

Njitg; ghl; bw;F mika epjpikaj; jpw;Nf cupj; jhd Kiwapy; tu; j; jf uP jpahd

gpzf; Ffis kpf tpiuthfTk; kw; Wk; epaha Kiwapy; jP u;g;gjw; fhf mJ tu; j; jf eP jp

kd; wj;ijAk; jd; dfj; Nj nfhz; bUf; Fk; . ,k; Kaw; rpahdJ fle; j murhq; fj; jpd; frpNdh

#jhl; l vz; zf; fUtpid xU rpwg; ghd epjp ikankd; w tpahghu Kaw; rpahf

khw;wpAs;snjd; Nw ek; Gfpd;Nwhk;. mJ gy vz; zpf; ifapyhd njhopy; Kaw; rpfiscUthf; Fk; . ehq; fs; cs; ehl; L kw; Wk; rh; tNjr tq; fpfis ,e; epjpaj; jpypUe;J

,aq; FkhWk; ,e; epiyaj; jpd; xU gFjpahf miof; fpd; Nwhk;. 2016 Vg; uy; 1 Mk;

jpfjpapypUe; J mjd; nraw; ghLfs; Muk; gpf;fg; gLk; .

tu; j; jf tq; fpfs;

258. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> ,yq; if kj; jpa tq; fpapy; gjpTnra; ag; gl; l 32

tq; fpfisAk; 48 epjpf; fk; gdpfisAk; ehq; fs; nfhz; Ls; Nshk; . tq; fpfs; jhq; fshfNt

fpilahd tpupthf; fj; jpy; <LgLtjdhy; ,yq; ifapd; tq; fpj; Jiwapd; CLUtyhdJFwpg;gpLk; gbahf mjpfhpj; Js; sJ. jw; NghJ vkJ tq;fpfshdJ jd; dpaf; f fhR

kPsg; ngwy; ,ae; jpu trjpfs; ,yj; jpudpay; tq; fp trjpfs; kw; Wk; Vida tq; fp

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trjpfis ngw;Wf; nfhLg; gjdhy; mitfs; tq; fpfis thbf; ifahsu; fspd; fhybapy;

nfhz; L Nrh; j; Js; sd. ehd; tq; fpj; Jiwapdiu mtu; fspd; tpupthf; fj; jpw;fhf

nkr; RfpNwd;. mNjNtis vkJ tq; fpfshdJ gpizapid mbg; gilahff; nfhz; L

fld; toq; Ftjpy; jk; ik ikag; gLj; jpAs; sNjhL tpahghu khjphpapyhd fld;

toq; fYf; Fg; gpddpw; fpd; wij fhzf; $bajhf cs;sJ. ,J ehl; bd; rpwpa kw; Wk;

eLj; ju njhopy; Kaw; rpfs; cUthf; fYf; Fj; jilahf cs; sJ.

• nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> vkJ tq; fpj; JiwahdJ Kiwikahd

Kf; fpaj; Jtkhd xU rpy tq; fpfisAk; kw; Wk; rpy rpwpa mstpyhd

tq; fpfisAk; nfhz; ljhFk; . tq; fpfs; RNar; irahf ,iztij ehq; fs;

tuNtw; fpd; Nwhk;. Vnddpy; mjd; %yk; cWjpahd Ie; njhifia

cUthf; fyhk; . mJ rpwe; j jug; gLj; jiyg; ngw; Wf; nfhLg; gNjhL cs; ehl; L

kw;Wk; ntspehl; L re; ijapy; tphpthd EioTf; Fk; toptFf; Fk; . ehd;

kPz; Lk; typAWj; JtJ vd; dntdpy; ,t;thwhd ,izTfspd; NghJ

midj; J juj; jpyhd Copau; fspdJk; njhopy; ghJfhg; G cWjpg;gLj; jg; gl

Ntz; Lk;.• nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> tP likg; G mgptpUj; jp epjpf;

$l; Lj; jhgdj; ijAk; kw; Wk; mur <l; L KjyP l;L tq; fpiaAk; ,izj; J

kpfTk; cWjpahd kw; Wk; nghpa mstpyhd Njrpa tP likg;G tq; fpiaAk;

yq; fh Gj; u mgptpUj; jp tq; fpia gpuhe; jpa mgptpUj; jp tq; fpAld;

,izj; J ,yq; if njhopy; Kaw; rpfs; mgptpUj; jp tq; fpapidAk;

cUthf; FtNjhL ,yq; if Nrkpg; G tq; fpahdJ Njrpa Nrkpg; G tq; fpAld;

,izf; fg; gLk; .

• jptpneFk tq; fpahdJ Vwf; Fiwa &gh 59 gpy; ypad; KjyP l; Lg;

gl; baiyf; nfhz; Ls; sJ. Mdhy; ,j; jifanjhU njhifia Kfhik

nra; tjw; fhd ,aysT mt; tq; fpaplk; ,y; iy. ,t; tq; fpapy; cs; s

gzj; jpd; chpikahsHfs; vkJ r%fj; jpy; kpfTk; eypthdtu; fshFk; .

MfNt mjidg; ghJfhg; gJ vkJ flikahFk; . MfNt> ,t; tq; fpapYs; s

itg; Gf;fspd; ghJfhg; gpidf; fUj; jpw; nfhz; Lk; njhopy; hPjpahd

Kfhikia cWjpnra; Ak; Nehf; fpYk; ,t; tq; fpapid Njrpa Nrkpg; G

tq; fpAld; njhlHGgLj; Jtjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

259. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> mDkjpg; gj; jpuk; ngw; w tu; j; jf tq; fpfs; jkJ gpujhd

eltbf; iffspy; ftdk; nrYj; Jjy; Ntz; Lk;. Fj; jif tpahghukhdJ tq; fpfspd; gpujhd eltbf; iffSf; F mopit Vw; gLj; jpAs; sJ. MfNt ,t; tq; fpfs; 2016 a+d; 1

Mk; jpfjpAld; Fj; jif tpahghuj; jpy; <LgLtij epWj; jy; Ntz; Lk;.

260. ,d; W tq; fpfs; ehl;bd; nghUshjhuj; jpy; fhzg; gLk; rpy Jiwfs; kPJ fld;

toq; Ftjw; F jaf; fk; fhl; Lfpd; wd. Mjyhy; ,j; Jiwfspd; Kd; Ndw;wkhdJ

ghjpg;gile;Js; sJ. midj; J tq; fpfSk; jdJ fld; gl; baypy; 10 rjtP jj; ij

tptrhaj; Jiwf; Fk; > 5 rjtP jj; ij rpwpa kw; wk; eLj; ju njhopy; Kaw; rpfSf; Fk; > 5

rjtP jj; ij ngz; fs; kw; Wk; ,isQu; fSf; F fld; fis ngw; Wf;nfhs; tjw; fhf

xJf; Fjy; Ntz; Lk;. ru; tNjr re; ijapy; fhzg; gLk; jq; fj; jpw;fhd tpiyapd; jhf; fk;

fhuzkhf cs; @u; tq; fpfs; kpf tprhykhd eifaP l;L KjyP l; Lg; gl; baiyAk;

nfhz; Ls; sJ. ehd; tq; fpj; Jiwaplk; Ntz; bf; nfhs; tJ ahnjdpy; > jdJ fld;

gl; baypy; mlF fld; gl; baiy 5 rjtP jj; jpw;F tiuaWj; Jf; nfhs; SkhWk; NkYk;

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tq; fpfs; jkJ thbf; ifahsu; fs; gq; Fr; re; ij eltbf; iffspy; <LgLtjw; F fld;

toq; Ftij ehd; Cf; Ftpf; fpd; Nwd;.

261. eif mlF gpbf; Fk; rl; lj; ij jpUj; jp mlF tpahghu gjpTf; fhd fl; lzj; ij &gh

25>000 Mf cau; j; Jtjw; F Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

262. Njrpa nfhLg; gdTfs; Nguit ,J ehl; by; midj; Jf; nfhLg; gdTfs; kw;Wk;

jPh;g;gdTfs; njhlu; ghd jP h;khdk; vLf; Fk; Njrpa mikg; ghFk; . ehl; bd; epjp Kiwik

mgptpUj; jp kw; Wk; Nkk; gLj; jy; njhlu; ghd murhq; fj; jpd; cghaj; jpd; xU gFjpahf

,e; epWtdKk; kPsha; Tf; F cl; gLj; jg; gLfpd; wJ. ,JTk; nfhOk; G epjp ikaj; jpid

cUthf; Ftjw; F trjpaspf; fpd; wJ.

263. tq; fpf; fzf; Ffspy; NghjpasT gzkpd; wp Kiwaw; w Kiwapy; tpahghuk; nra; fpd; wdh;.

,jd; NghJ Vw; gLk; kWf; fg; gl; l fhNrhiyfs; vd; gJ xU ghupa rpf; fyhd

gpur;rpidahFk;. xU Neu; ikahd tpahghuf; fyhrhuj; ij cUthf; Ftjw; Fk;

thbf; ifahsu; fis ghJfhf; Fk; Nehf; fpy; kWf; fg; gl; l fhNrhiyfs; xU Fw; wtpay;

rl; lj; jpYs; s jtnwhd; whff; nfhz; L mt; thwhd Fw; wthspfSf; F fLikahd rl; l

eltbf; if vLg; gjw; F Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.264. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> ,uz; L tq; fpfisj; jtpu ve; jnthU cs; @u; tq; fpAk;

ru;tNjr hPjpapy; jkJ nraw; ghLfis tpupthf; ftpy; iy. Mdhy; re; ju;g;gq;fNsh

mjpfnkd ehd; ek; GfpNwd; mt; thwhd re; ju;g;gq;fis mile; Jnfhs; tjw; fhd

,ayit vkJ tq; fpfs; nfhz; Ls; sd. MfNt jw; NghJ fhzg; gLk; tup

Cf; Ftpg; Gfisg; gad; gLj;jp tq; fpfs; jkJ nraw; ghLfis ntspehLfspy;

tp]; jupg;gij ehd; Cf; Ftpf; fpNwd;.

265. NkYk; > cs; @h; fk; gdpfs; jkJ tpahghu tpupthf; fy; eltbff; ifSf; F mtrpakhd

%yjdj; ij jkJ Ie; njhifia mbg; gilahff; nfhz; L ru; tNjr %yjdr;

re; ijfspypUe; J fldhfg; ngWtij ehd; Cf; Ftpf; fpd; Nwd;. flidg; ngWk; fk; gdpahdJ nryhtzp Mgj; ij jhq; fpf; nfhs; tNjhL flDf; fhd tl; b tpfpjkhdJ

re; ijapy; fhzg; gLk; tl; b tpfpjj; Jld; xd; wpize; J nry; Yjy; Ntz; Lk;. fld;

jpUg;gpr; nrYj; jy; kw; Wk; tl; bf; nfhLg; gdTfshdJ kj; jpa tq; fpapdhy;

fz; fhzpf; fg; gLk;.

266. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> vkJ tq; fpfs; jkJ fly; fle; j eltbf; iffis

tpupthf; FtijAk; ntspehl; L nryhtzpfis kj; jpa tq; fpapy; itg; Gr; nra; tijAk;

ehd; Cf; Ftpf; fpd; Nwd;. ,e; j ehl; bd; mjpAau; ,Ug; gpid cWjpg; gLj; JtNjhL cs; @u;

tq; fpfSf; F tu; j; jf eltbf; ifSf; F mjpf cs; @u; ehzaq; fis

ngw;Wf;nfhLg; gjw; F re; ju;g;gk; fpilf; fpd; wJ.

267. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> tjpty; yhg; gpuirfSf; fhd mur gpizfspd; kPjhd

vy; iy msit jpiwNrup Kwpfs; kw; Wk; fld; Kwpfspd; nkhj; j epYit ,Wg; ig 12.5

rjtP jj; jpypUe;J 10 rjtP jkhf jpUj; Jtjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. ,jd; %yk;

cs; @u; KjyPl; lhsu; fSf;F mur gpizfspy; KjyP L nra; tjw; F $Ljy; re; ju;g;gj; ij

ngw;Wf;nfhLg; gNjhL tjpty; yhjth; fspdhy; Nkw;nfhs; sg; gLk; jpBH kP sg; ngWjypdhy;

,lk; ngWk; md; dpar; nryhtzp Vw; wj;jho; Tfshd mz; ikf; fhyj; jpy; vjph; nfhz; l

mghak; Nghd; wit jLf; fg; gLfpd; wd.

268. ehk; kpfTk; etP d kakhd fhR Kfhikj; Jtj;ij Nehf; fp khwpf; nfhz; bUf; fpNwhk;.tq; fpfspdhy; toq; fg; gLk; etP d trjpfspd; fhuzkhf Mgj; Jf; fis

jtpu; j;Jf; nfhs; Sk; Nehf; fpy; ; fhR Nghf; Ftuj; ij Cf; fkpof; fr; nra; Ak; Nehf; Fld;

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tq; fpfspypUe; J fhR kP sg; ngwy; fs; kPJ gpd; tUk; tifapy; fl; lzk; mwtpl

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

m. xU kpy; ypaDf; F FiwthdJ: fl; lzk; ,y; iy.M. xU kpy; ypad; njhlf; fk; 10 kpy; ypad; tiu: 2 rjtP jk; ,. 10 kpy; ypaDf; F Nky; : 3 rjtP jk;

269. tq; fp tiuTfs; kP jhd fl; lzk; xt; nthU tq; fp tiuTf; Fk; &gh 150 I tpQ; rf;

$lhJ.270. ,Nj fhuzq; fSf; fhf midj; J njhopy; nfhs; NthUk; jkJ njhopyhsu; fs;

midtUf; Fk; tq; fpf; fzf;Ffis Muk; gpf;Fk; gb mwpTWj; jp mth; fsJ rk; gsq; fis

mf; fzf; FfSf; F tuT itf; FkhW Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

271. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> midj; J epjpr; rl; l nfhLg; gdTfisAk;

xOq; FgLj; Jtjw; fhf xt; nthU fk; gdpAk; gpuj; jpNafkhd tq; fpf; fzf; Ffis

NgZjy; Ntz; Lnkd ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

272. epjp trjpfis ngw; Wf;nfhs; tjw; fhd thfdq; fs; ngWkjp kjpg; gPl; L gj; jpuq;fs; kPjhd

fl; lzj; ij 2016 rdtup 1 Kjy; jpUj; jk; nra; ag; gLk; . mjdbg; gilapy; Nkhl; lhh;

irf;fps; kw; Wk; Kr; rf; fu tz; b kPJ &gh 2>500 ck; kw; Wk; Nkhl; lhh; fhu; cl; gl

midj; J thfdq; fs; kPJk; &gh 15>000 fl; lzk; mwtpl ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

273. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> efug; gFjpfspy; mjpfstpy; tq; fpfs; fhzg; gl

gpd;jq; fpa gpuNjrq; fspy; Fiwe; jsthd tq; fpfNs gpurq; fkhfpAs; sd vd; gjpy;

ePq;fSk; vd; Dld; cld; gLtP h;fs; . ,J epjp miltpy; rkkpd; ikia Vw; gLj; jpAs; sJ.

,r; rkkpd; ikia ,y; yhky; nra; Ak; Nehf; FlDk; mNjNtis nghUshjhu

eltbf; iffis Nkk; gLj; Jk; Nehf; fpYk; midj; J tq; fpfspYk; gpd; jq; fpa

gpuhe;jpaq; fspy; Gjpa fpisfisj; jpwe; J jkJ fpisfs; tiyaikg; gpid 15

rjtP jj; jpdhy; mjpfupj; jy; Ntz; Lk; vd ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd; Nwd;.274. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> fld; jfty; gzpafkhdJ fld;fSf; fhd milit

mjpfupj; J fld; toq; fypy; cs; s Mgj; ij mbg; gilahff; nfhz; l tpiyapliy

,ayr; nra; J epjp epWtdq; fSf; F ,ilapy; Nghl; bj; jd; ikia cUthf; fp epjpj;

Jiwapd; rpwg;ghd mgptpUj; jpf;F cjtpnra; fpd; wd. mur gq; Flik mbg; gilapy;

cUthf; fg; gl; lnjhU fld; jfty; gzpafj; jpid ehL Vw; fdNt nfhz; Ls; sJ.

epjpj; Jiwapd; vjpu; fhy tpupthf; fj; jpid fUj; jpw;nfhs; Sk; NghJ jdpahu; JiwAk;

fld; jfty; gzpafnkhd; iw cUthf; Ftij ehk; Cf; Ftpf; fpd; Nwhk;. ,jpy; ,yq; if

kj; jpa tq; fpahdJ xU cupj;jhsuhf ,Ug;gNjhL epjp epWtdq; fs; fhg; GWjpf;

fk; gdpfs; kw; Wk; nghJ trjpfis toq; Fk; epWtdq; fs; cs; slq; fyhf FWf; Fnjhopw; gq; Fgw;wYld; cUthf; fg; gly; Ntz; Lk;. ,e; Nehf; fj; jpw;fhf Njitahd rl;l

jpl; lq; fis Nkw; nfhs; s ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. mNjNghy; fhg; GWjpf; ifj; njhopYk;

jdpahu; fld; jfty; gzpafj; ij jpwg; gij ehd; Cf; Ftpf; fpd; Nwd;.

275. mNj Ntisapy; tzpf tq; fpfspy; cwq; F epiyapYs; s fzf; Ffspy; fhzg; gLk;

gzj; jpid mur jpul; L epjpf; F 2016 rdtup 01,y; tuT itf; FkhW ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

epjpf; fk; gdpfs;

276. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> fle; j jrhg; jj; jpy; gy epjpf; fk; gdpfs; neUf; fbfSf; F cs; shfpapUe; jJ cq; fSf; F epidtpUf; fyhk; . ,e; neUf; fbfspd;

jhf; fkhdJ r%fj; jpd; midj; J gpuptpduhYk; czug; gl; lNjhL epjpj; Jiw

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epiyNgwhdJ jsk; gYf; F cl; gl; lJ. itg; ghsu; fs; kpfTk; Nkhrkhd epiyapy;

ghjpf; fg; gl; ldu; . ,yq; if kj; jpa tq; fpahdJ xOq; FgLj; Jdh; vd; w jdJ

nraw; ghl; bid murpay; kakhf; fypd; fhuzkhf rhpahd Kiwapy;

Mw;wtpy; iynad; gJ kl; Lky; yhky; jdJ eLj; juj; jd; ikapidAk; ,oe; jJ.

277. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> epjp epWtdq; fshdJ kpfTk; gytP dkhff;

fhzg; gLfpd; wJ vd; gij eP q;fs; mwptP u;fs; . murhq; fkhdJ Nfhy; ld; fP epjpf; fk; gdp

itg; ghsu; fSf; F mjpf nrytpy; epthuzq; fis ngw; Wf; nfhLj; Js; sijAk; ePq;fs;

mwptPu;fs; . ,g; gpur;rpidfSf; F eP z; l fhy jP h;it ngw; Wf;nfhLf; Fk; Nehf; fpy;

mnkhpf; fh ehLfspYs; s jP u;khdq; fs; ek; gpf;if $l; Lj;jhgd Kiwapd; mbg; gilapy;

epjp epWtdq; fs; kWrP uikg; G Kftuhz; ik cUthf;fg; gLk; . ,jd; %yk; gytP dkhd

epjpf; fk; gdpfis kP s; %yjdkhf; fy; nra; jy; kw; Wk; mtw; wpd; gpur; rpidf; Fhpa

nrhj; Jf; fis cupa kWrP uikg; Gf;fhf ,k; Kftuhz; ikahy; ifNaw; fg; gLk; . ,e; epjpf;

fk; gdpfspd; itg; GtPjk; kw; Wk; fld; toq; fy; tP jq; fs; vd; gtw; Wf;fpilapy;

fhzg; gLk; ghhpa ,ilntspahdJ epjpj; Jiwapd; Fiw nrayhw; Wifia

fhl; Lfpd; wJ. ,J mjpf fpuaj; jpyhd ,ilj; jufu; fis ehl; bd; nghJ kf; fSf; Fk; tpahghuq;fSf; Fk; cUthf; fpaJ. murhq; fkhdJ epjp epWtdq; fs; Kftuhz; ikia

cUthf; Ftjw; F &gh 10 kpy; ypad; fis gq; F %yjdkhf toq; Ftjw; F 5 tUl

fhyj; ijf; nfhz; l &gh 25 kpy; ypad; ngWkjpahd jpiwNrhp KwpfSk; toq; fg; gLk; .

,k; kWrPuikg; G nra; ag; gl; l epWtdq; fs; kj; jpa tq; fpapdhy; fLikahd

fz; fhzpg; Gf;F cl; gLj; jg; gLk; . vt; thwhapDk; Nkw;$wg; gl; l Kd; Ndhbahf

itg; ghsu; fSf; F chpa ghJfhg; ig czur; nra; Ak; tpjkhf ,yq; if kj; jpa

tq; fpahdJ 2016 rdthp Kbtpy; midj; J gjpTnra; ag; gl; l epjpf; fk; gdpfspdJk;

itg; ghsu; fSf; F 100 rjtP j cj; juthjj; ij toq; Fk; .

278. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> tq; fpay; yhj epjpj; Jiwapy; mjpf itg; Gf;fspy; Nkw;nfhs; sg; gLtij jtpu; f;Fk; Nehf; fpy; epjpf; fk; gdpfshy; toq; fg; gLk; tl; b

tPjq; fSf; F xU vy; iyia tpjpg; gjw; F Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. fldl; ilfs; kw; Wk;

Vida jdpg; gl; l tho; f; if Kiw fld; fis ngw; W jpUg; gpr;nrYj;j Kbahikapdhy;

epjp epWtdq; fspd; mjp$ba tl; b tP jq; fis kw; Wk; jz;lg; gzq; fspdhy;

mtjpAWk; nghJ kf; fis ehq; fs; ghJfhg; Nghk;. ,jw; fhf ,yq; if kj; jpa

tq; fpahdJ ehl; bd; ,aq; Fk; tq; fpfSld; ,ize; J mjdJ fld; MNyhrid

Nritfis tpupTgLj; Jk; . re; Njfg; gl Kbahj fld; ngWeh; fSf; F tiuaw; w mstpy;

mjpf fpuaj; jpyhd fld; fis epjp epWtdq; fs; toq; Ftijf; fl; Lg;gLj; Jk;

tifapyhd topfhl; ly; fis ,yq; if kj; jpa tq; fp toq; Fk; .

rpNu~;l gpui[fspd; epiyahd itg; G

279. jw;nghOJ 60 taJf; F Nkw; gl; l rpNul; l gpuirfspd; 1 kpy; ypad; tiuapyhd

itg; Gf;F tUlj; jpw;F 15 rjtP j tl; b toq; fg; gLfpd; wJ. ,t; trjpia 55 taij

mile; j gpui[fSf; Fk; toq; Ftjw; Fk; 15 rjtP j tl; bia &gh 1.5 kpy; ypad;

tiuAk; ngw; Wf; nfhLg; gjw; Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. ,t; trjpahdJ mDkjpngw; w epjpf;

fk; gdpfshy; ngw; Wf; nfhLg; gNjhL 1.5 rjtP j tl; b khdpakhdJ murhq; fj; jpdhy;

ngw;Wf; nfhLf; fg; gLk;. ,jw; fhf &gh 1>500 kpy; ypad; fis xJf; Ftjw; F ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. itg; Gf;fs; kPJ ,yq; if kj; jpa tq; fpapd; cj; juthjkhdJ

itg; ghsu; fspd; ek; gpf;ifia fl; lhak; mjpfupj; jy; Ntz; Lk;.

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64

xU NrkpgG fyhrhujij cUthfFjy

280. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> ehl; bd; Njrpa Nrkpg; ig Nkk; gLj; jiy fUj; jpw;nfhz; L

xU Nrkpg; G fyhrhuj; ij cUthf; FtJ kpfTk; Kf; fpakhdjhFk; . ,e; jg; gpd; dzpapy;

xt; nthU tUlKk; ghlrhiyf; F mDkjpf; Fk; gps; isfspd; ngahpy; &gh 250 I

itg; gpypl;L xU tq; fpf; fzf; fpid Muk; gpf;FkhW midj; J tq; fpfsplKk; Ntz; bf;

nfhs; fpd; Nwd;. tq; fpfspd; rk; NkskhdJ murhq; fj; jpd; nfhs; iff; F Mjutspg; gjw; fhfKd; tUtNjhL murhq; fj; jpd; ,e; jr; rpwg;ghd Kaw; rpf;F Mjutspg; gjw; fhf tq; fpr;

r%fj; jpw;F ehd; Cf; Ftpf; fpd; Nwd;. ,J 2016 rdthp 1 ,ypUe; J Muk; gkhFk; .

tsu; r;rpiaj; J}z;Ltjwfhd %yjdr re; ij

281. %yjdr; re; ijahdJ njhlu; e;J gad; ghl; Lf; F tuhj tskhfNt fhzg; gLfpd; wJ.

mgptpUj; jpaile; j %yjdr; re; ijahdJ tpahghuq; fspd; tsu; r;rp kw; Wk;

tpupthf; fYf; F kpfTk; mtrpakhd Fiwe; j fpuaj; jpyhd eP z; l fhy epjpapid ngw; Wf;

nfhLf; fpd; wJ. vkJ %yjdr; re; ijahdJ tiuaWj; j kl; lj; jpyhd njhopy; El; gghtid kw; Wk; NghJkhd kl; lj; jpyhd epu; thfj; jpwikfs; fhzg; glhikapdhy;

ghjpf; fg; gl; Ls; sJ. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> fle; j 10 Mz; L fhyg; gFjpapy;

gpizaq; fs; ghpkhw;w Mizf; FOthdJ gq; F ghpkhw; wy; nraw; ghLfspy; <LgLk;

re; ij gq; F gw; Wdhplj; jpy; cupa xOf; fj; ij Vw; gLj; jtpy; iy vd; gjw; fhf fLikahd

tpku; rdj; jpw;F cl; gl;lij eP q;fs; ed; F mwptP h;fs; . vkJ murhq; fkhdJ

,e; epiyikapid rhpnra; tij $Ljy; ftdk; nrYj; jpAs; sJ. fle; j rpy khjq; fspy;

KjyP l; lhsu; fspd; ek; gpf;ifahdJ cz; ikapy; cau; tile; Js; sJ.

282. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> nfhOk; G gq;Fr; re; ijahdJ ,d; Dk; xU cWg; gpdu;

cilikahd kw; Wk; ,yhgk; ciof; fhj epWtdkhFk; . ahuhtJ cyf gq; Fr;

re; ijfis cw; W Nehf; fpdhy; mitfs; tpLtpf; fg; gl; Ls; sNjhL rpwg; ghf

nraw; gLtijAk; fhzyhk; .

283. gq;Fr; re; ij tpLtpg; ghdJ cz; ikapy; epjp ,ilj; jufu; fs; njhlu; gpy; ftdk;

nrYj; Jtij tpl re; ij gq; F gw; Wdh;fspd; gpur; rpidfs; njhlu; gpy; $Ljy; ftdk;

nrYj; Jk; . ,J ghupastpyhd ntspg; gilj; jd; ikia cWjpnra; tNjhL rpwg; ghd

njhopy; El; g ghtidapD}lhf NkYk; ntspg; gilj; jd; ik kw; Wk; Fiwe; j tu; j; jf

fpuaj; ijAk; cWjpnra; Ak;. mNjNghy; midj; J gq; F gw; Wdu;fspdJk; eyd; fUjp

murhq; fkhdJ epahakhd kw; Wk; tpidj; jpwdhd #oiy cUthf; Ftjpy; mu;g;gzpg; ghf cs; sJ. MfNt nfhOk; G gq; Fr; re; ijia 2016 Mk; Mz; bd; NghJ

KOikahf tpLtpg; gjw; F jpl; lkplg; gl; Ls; sJ.

284. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> murhq; fkhdJ nfhOk; G gq; Fr; re; ijahdJ

tpidj; jpwdhfTk; nraw; jpwdhfTk; nraw; glf; $ba xU rpwg; ghd #oiy

cUthf; Ftjpy; jd; id mh; g;gzpj; Js; sJ. gq; Fr; re; ijapd; tsu; r;rpf;F gq; fspg; Gr;

nra; tjw; F xU rpwe; j xOq; FgLj; jy; Ntiyr; rl; lfk; ,d; wpaikahjjhFk; . MfNt

gq;Fr; re; ijapy; fhzg; gLk; xOq; FgLj; jy; FiwghLfis eptu; j; jp nra; Ak; Kfkhf

gpizaq; fs; ghpth; j; jid rl; lkhdJ jpUj; jpaikf; fg; gLk; .

285. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> tpahghu eltbf; ifs; tpupTgLj; jg; gl; L Nkk; gLj; jg; glNtz; Lkhapd; mt; tpahghuq; fs; Fiwe; j fpuaj; jpyhd eP z; l fhy %yjdj; jpd;

mtrpak; kpfTk; Kf; fpakhdjhFk; . fk; gdpfspd; njhFjpf; fld; gpizaq; fs;

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65

re; ijahdJ ,yq; ifapy; kpfTk; RWRWg; ghdjhFk; . ,J 2014 Mk; Mz; by; &gh 50

gpy;ypad; fis ngw; Wf;nfhs; tNjhL mJ 2012 Mk; Mz; Lld; xg; gpLifapy; ehd; F

klq; F mjpfkhFk; . MfNt fk; gdpfspd; njhFjpf; fld; gpizaq; fs; tphpthf; fj; jpw;F

cWjpaspf; Fk; tifapy; 2016 Mk; Mz; by; ,e; eltbf; iffSld; njhlh; ghd tUkhd

thp kw; Wk; epWj; jp itj; jy; thpapypUe; J tpyf; fspg; gjw; F Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

286. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> murhq;f gpizaq; fis tpw; gid nra; tjw; fhf tpNrl

tpw;gidj; jsk; vk; kplk; ,y; iy. Muk; gkhf mur gpizaq; fspd; nfhLf; fy;

thq; fy;fSf; fhd Kwpfs; jP u;T epiyaj; ij cUthf; Ftjw; F Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. ,J

gpw;fhyj; jpy; epjp cgfuzq; fshd jdpahh; njhFjpf; fld; gpizaq; fs; mjhtJ

njhFjpf; fld; ghpkhw;wy;fs; cs; slq; fyhf Vida epjp cgfuzq; fSf; Fk;

tpupthf; fg; glyhk; . Kwpfs; jP u;T epiyakhdJ ,yq; if kj; jpa tq; fpapdhy;

cUthf; fg; gLk; . ,e; epiyakhdJ KOikahf ,aq; Fk; NghJ mJ Rje; jpukhd xU

,af; Fdu; rigapdhy; epWtfpf; fg; gLk; . kj; jpa tq; fpapd; Nkw;ghu;itapd; fP o; xU

th; j; jf jsnkhd; iw cUthf; Ftjw; F &gh 500 kpy; ypad; fis xJf; Ftjw; F ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.287. mNjNtis> gq; F tpw; gid kw; Wk; nfhs; tdtpd; NghJ tpw; fg; gLk; gq; F nfhLf;fy;

thq; fy; mwtP lhd 0.3 rjtP j mwtP lhdJ eP f;fg; gLk; . ,jd; %yk; gq; Fr; re; ij

eltbf; iffs; Cf; Ftpf; fg;gLtNjhL ,J ke; jfjpapy; ,lk; ngw;Wf; nfhz; bUf; Fk;

gq;Fr; re; ij nraw; ghLfis Jupjg; gLj; JtNjhL gq; Fr; rhd; wpjo; kPjhd Kj; jpiuf;

fl; lzKk; ePf;fg; gLk; .

288. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> gq; Fr; re; ijapy; fhzg; gLk; epiyaw; w jd; ikahdJ

gy gq; F jufu; fsplj; jpy; gy gpur; rpidfis Njhw; Wtpj; Js; sJ. %yjdr; re; ijapd;

ePz; lfhy mgptpUj; jpia cWjp nra; tjpy; gq; Fr; re; ij jufu; fspd; epiyNgwhdJ

,d; wpaikahjjhFk; . MfNt gq; Fr; re; ij jufu; fs; RNal; irahf ,iztij ehd; Cf; Ftpf; fpNwd;.

289. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> th; j; jf kw; Wk; epjpr; re; ijapy; jfty; fspd; cz; ikj;

jd; ikahdJ re; ijapd; rpwg;ghd nrayhw; Wiff; F kpfTk; Kf; fpakhdjhFk; .

toq; fg; gLk; jfty; fspd; ek; gfj; jd; ikia cWjp nra; tjpy; fzf; fpay; kw; Wk;

fzf; fha; T epajpfs; Kf; fpa gq; fhw;Wfpd;wd. gl; bayplg; gl;l kw; Wk; gl; bayplg; glhj

ehl; by; fhzg; gLk; midj; J tpahghu Kaw; rpfSk; gad; gLj; jg; gLk; ,yq; if

fzf; Ffs; kw; Wk; fzf; fha; T epajpfis jahupg; gjpy; <LgLk; fzf; fPL kw; Wk;

fzf; fha; T epajpfs; fz; fhzpg; G rigahdJ ehl; by; cWjpnra; ag; glTs; s gy

epWtdq; fspy; xd; whFk; . nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> ,yq; if fzf; fpay; kw; Wk;

fzf; fha; T epajpfs; fz; fhzpg; G rigapd; eltbf; iffshdJ njhopy; El; g

gw;whf;Fiw kw; Wk; epjp gw; whf;Fiwapdhy; jilg; gl; Ls; sJ. fle; j murhq; fkhdJ

,e; epWtdq; fspd; Njitfis eptu; j; jp nra; tjpy; ftdk; nrYj; jtpy; iy.

,e; epWtdj; jpd; Nehf; nfy; iyia tphpthf; Fk; Nehf; fpy; chpa rl; l tpjpfs;

Jupjg; gLj; jg; gl; L kPsha; T nra; ag; gLk; . ,e;epWtdj; ij cWjp nra;tjw; fhf &gh 100

kpy;ypad; xJf; fPL nra; tjw; F Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

290. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> Mjd tpw; gid kw; Wk; cl; fl; likg; G mgptpUj; jpf; F

mtrpakhd %yjdj; ij ngw; Wf; nfhLj; jy; kw; Wk; Mjd tpw; gidj; Jiwapy; tsu; r;rpapd; %yk; rpwpa KjyP l; lhsh; fs; Neubahf ed; ikailtij cWjpnra; Ak;

Nehf;fpy; gl; bayplg; gl; l Mjd tpw; gid ek; gpf;if epjpak; cUthf; fg; gLk; . Mjd

tpw;gidfspy; midj; J nrhj; Jf; fSk; Mjd tpw; gid ek; gpf;if epjpaj; jpw;F khw; wk;

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66

nra; Ak; NghJ 90 rjtP jkhd tUkhdkhdJ Mjd tpw; gid ek; gpf;if epjpaj; jpd;

myFfis itj; jpUg;gthplk; gq; fPL nra; ag;gLtNjhL mth; fs; Kj; jpiu

jPu;itapypUe; Jk; tpyf; fspf; fg; gLtu; .

291. NkYk; rdj; njhif fl; likg; G khw;wj;Jld; “gpd;Nehf;fpa milkhdk; ” Kiwikia

mwpKfk; nra; tij rpwe; jnjdf; fUJfpNwd; .

292. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> rh; tNjr re; ijapy; ,yq; ifahdJ jw; NghJ

I.m.nlhyh; fspy; jP h;khdpf; fg;gl; l Kwpfspd; %yk; khj; jpuk; epjpiaj; jpul; Lfpd; wJ.

vkJ fld; epjpfspd; fpuaj; ijf; Fiwf; F Kfkhf rP d Athd; > kw;Wk; RFf; Kwpfs;

cs; slq; fyhf kuG hP jpaw;w Kwpfs; re; ijfisAk; ehk; ghprPyid nra; tjw; F ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

293. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> rpwpa kw; Wk; eLj;ju njhopy; Kaw; rpfs; gq; Fr;

re; ijapd; xOq; FgLj; jy; Njitg; ghLfis g+h; j; jpnra; a Kbahikapd; fhuzkhf

gl; bayplg; gLtjpy; gy rpf; fy; fis vjph; Nehf;Ffpd; wd. mJ mt; thwhapd; > rpwpa

kw;Wk; eLj; ju njhopy; Kaw; rpfs; Fiwe; j fpuaj; jpyhd eP z; lfhy %yjdq; fis

ngw;Wf;nfhs; tij jLj; J epWj; Jk; . rpwpa kw; Wk; eLj; ju njhopy; Kaw; rpfs; ePz; lfhy epjpapid ngw; Wf;nfhs; tjw; fhf re; jh;g;gq;fis tphpthf; Fk; Nehf; fpy; rpwpa

kw;Wk; eLj; ju njhopy; Kaw; rpfspy; gq; Fr; re; ijapy; gl; baypLtjw; fhf Fiwe; j

fl; Lg;ghLfSld; $ba rpwpa kw; Wk; eLj; ju njhopy; Kaw; rpfSf; fhd tpNrl tu; j; jf

jsnkhd; iw nfhOk; G gq; Fr; re; ijapy; cUthf; f Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd; . ,jd; %yk;

rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj; ju njhopy; Kaw; rpfspy; KjyP L nra; Js; s tpahghu KjyP l; L

epWtdq; fSf; F xU nrhFrhd ntspNaW cghaj; ij mspf; Fk; .

294. nfhOk; G gq; Fr; re; ijahdJ ntspehl; Lf; fk;gdpfs; nfhOk; G gq; Fr; re; ijapy;

gl; bayplg; gLtij Cf; Ftpg; gjpy; xU rpwg; ghdnjhU gq; ifahw; w Ntz; Lnkd

gpNuupf;fpd; Nwd;. cs; @h; fk; gdpfs; nfhOk; G gq; F re;ijapy; gl; bayplg;gLnkdpd;

mitfs; ,uz; L tUl tupr; rYiffis ngw; Wf; nfhs; Sk; . mNjNtis>

mf; fk; gdpfs; ntspehl; L gq; Fr; re; ijfshd yz; ld; > rpq;fg; g+h;> nfhq; Nfhq; > Kk; gha;

Nghd;wtw; wpy; gl; bayplg; gl;bUg;gpd; mt; thpr; rYifahdJ %d; W tUlq; fSf; F

ePbf; fg; gLk; . ntspehl; Lf; fk; gdpfs; nfhOk; G gq; Fr; re; ijapy; gl; bayplg; gLtij

(nlhyupy; gl; bayply; ) ehd; Cf; Ftpf; fpd; Nwd;.

295. jw;Nghija re; ij %yjdkhf; fy; &gh 28 kpy; ypadhFk; . Kd; nkhopag; gl; Ls; s

midj; J eltbf; iffs; ClhfTk; re; ij %yjdkhf; fiy &gh 50 kpy; ypadhf

mjpfhpg; gjw; F ehk; vjpHghh; f;fpd; Nwhk;.

gz; lq;fs; ghpkhw;wk;

296. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> Njapiy ,wg; gu; njq; F kw; Wk; tpNrl Vw; Wkjpg;

nghUl; fs; vd; gd vkJ Vw; Wkjpg; nghUshjhuj; jpy; xU Kf; fpakhd gFjpahFk;.

Mdhy; vk; kplk; gz; lq; fs; ghpkhw;wk; re; ijapy; iy vd; gij ehd; Fwpg; gpl

tpUk; Gfpd;Nwd;. gpizaq; fs; kw; Wk; ghpkhw;wy; Mizf; FOtpdhy; xOq; FgLj; jf; $ba

gz; lq; fs; ghpkhw; W re; ij xd; iw cUthf; Ftjw; fhd rhpahd jUzk; ,Jntd; W ehd;

fUJfpd; Nwd;.

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midtUf; Fk; rk thagspf; ff; $ba rpwgghd njhopwreij

297. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> ehl; bd; rdj; njhif fl; likg; gpy; fhzg; gLk; khw; wk;

Kjpu;r;rpaile; JtUk; rdj; njhif vd; gd fhuzkhf ehl; bd; njhopw; gilapd;

tFjpahdJ kpfTk; tpiuthf khwptUfpd; wJ. ,r; re; ju;g;gj; jpy; vq; fSf; F ,uz; L

njhpT fhzg; gLfpd; wJ. vq; fshy; njhopyhsh; fspd; vz; zpf; ifia mjpfhpf; fyhk; .

my;yJ xU njhopyhsUf; fhd ntspaP l; L msit mjpfhpf; fyhk; . ehd; ifj; njhopy; rq; fq; fSld; Nkw;gl; l fye; Jiuahly; fspd; gb ehd; ,uz; L tplaq; fs; ftdk;

nrYj; jg; gly; Ntz; Lnkd; gJ fz; $lhFk; .

298. ehl; by; mjpfhpj; JtUk; KjpNahh; rdj; njhifAld; eilKiwapYs; s Fiwe; j

kl; lj; jpYs; s Ntiyapd; ik kw; Wk; njhopw; re; ij gq; Fgw;wy; kl; lk; vd; gtw; iwf;

fUj; jpw; nfhs; Sk; NghJ epue;jukhd njhopypy; fl; lhag; gLj; jg;gl; Ls; s 40

kzpj; jpahyq; fs; Ntiynra; a tpUk; ghj Fiwe; j Neuk; Ntiynra; a tpUk; Gk;

jpwd; fisf; nfhz; l njhopyhsh; fspd; Nritfis ngw; Wf;nfhs; tjw; fhf gFjpNeu

njhopy; fyhr; rhunkhd; iw cUthf; FtJ nghUe; Jk; vd; W ehd; fUJfpd; Nwd;. MfNt

ehl; by; gFjpNeu njhopw; fyhr; rhunkhd; iw cUthf; Ftjw; F rhjfkhd #oy; xd; iw

cUthf; Ftjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. mjdhy; mur jdpahh; Jiwapdh;

jpwd; fisf; nfhz; l njhopyhsu; fis cs; thq; fp mth; fspd; cw; gj; jpj; jpwd; kw; Wk;

Nghl;bj; jd; ikia Nkk; gLj; jpf; nfhs; Sk; .

299. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> ehd; mwpe;jtifapy; murhq; fkhdJ tpahghu nra; Kiw

ntspahh; Nrit (BPO) kw;Wk; mwpT nra; Kiw ntspahu; Nrit toq; fy; (KPO)

Jiwfisf; ftu; tjw; F ehl; by; fhzg; gLk; goikahd njhopy; rl; lq; fs; ,jw; F

jilahf cs; sikapdhy; murhq; fk; $Ljy; ftdk; nrYj; Jfpd; wJ. ,e; epiyia

khw;wpaikg; gjw; F ,JNt jUzkhifahy; murhq; fk; ; Njitahd jpUj; jq; fismwpKfg; gLj; Jk; .

300. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> ehl; by; Ntiyg; gilapy; Mz; fspd; gq; fspg; ghdJ 65

rjtP jkhff; fhzg; gLk; NghJ Ntiyg; gilapy; ngz; fspd; gq; fspg; ghdJ 35

rjtPjkhd kpfTk; Fiwe; j kl; lj; jpNy fhzg; gLfpd; wikahy; ,J njhopw; gilapy;

ngz; fspd; gq; Fgw;wiy mjpfhpg; gjw; F cjtpahf ,Uf; Fk; .

301. jw;NghJ xg; ge;j mbg; gilapyhd njhopyhsu; fs; midtiuAk; mtu; fspd;

njhlu; r;rpahd 6 khjfhy Ntiyf; F mku; j; jypd; ; gpd; epue; jukhf; fg; gly; Ntz; Lk;

vd; gij ehd; ed; F mwpNtd; . ,jd; fhuzkhf ngUk; ghyhd njhopy; toq; Feu; fs;

xg;ge;j mbg; gilapyhd njhopyhsh; fis Ntiyf; fku; j; Jtjw; F jaq; Ffpd; wdh;.

,jd; %yk; ,tu; fspy; ngUk; ghyhd ,isQu; fs; mth; fspd; ,sikf; fhyj; jpy; tUkhd

ciog; Gf;fspypUe; J jLf; fg; gLfpd; wdh;. MfNt mt; thwhd njhopyhsu; fis

epue;jukhf; Ftjw;fhd fhyj; jpid jw; Nghija 6 khjj; jpypUe; J xUtUlkhf

mjpfhpg; gjw;F Njitahd rl; lthf; fq; fis mwpKfg; gLj; j Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

302. jdpahh; Jiwapdh; xU Ie; J ehs; fpoik Ntiyf; fyhrhuj; ij gpd; gw;Wtij ehd;

Cf; Ftpf; fpd; Nwd;. ,jd; %yk; njhopyhsu; fSf; F $Ljyhd Xa; T Neuk; kw; Wk; jkJ

FLkg; gj; jpdhpd; Cjpa Neuj; ijf; fopg; gjw; Fk; re; ju;g;gk; fpilf; fpd; wJ. Ie; J ehs;

fpoik Kidg; ghdJ fk; gdpfspd; epWthfr; nryTfis Fiwg; gjw; Fk; gq; fspg; Gr; nra; Ankd ehd; ek; Gfpd;Nwd;.

303. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> ,t; turhq; fj; jpdhy; murhq; f Copau; fSf; F &gh 10>000

rk; gs mjpfhpg; G toq; fg; gl; lij eP q;fs; mwptP u;fs; . jdpahh; Jiw Copau; fspdJk;

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rk; gsj; ij Fiwe; j gl; rk; &gh 2>500 ,dhy; mjpfhpf; FkhW ehd; Ntz; bf; nfhs; tNjhL

mjpy; &gh 1>500 I 2015 Mk; Mz; by; toq; FtNjhL>&gh 1>000 ,id 2016 Mk;

Mz;by; ngw; Wf;nfhLf; f KbAk.; ,jw; F njhopy; nfhs; Nthh; rk; Nksdk;

,zq; fpAs; sNjhL Njitahd rl; lthf; fq; fs; nfhz; Ltug; gLk; .

304. njhopyhsu; fSf; F Fiwe; jgl; r rk; gsj; ij cWjpnra; Ak; tifapy; xU njhopy;

Nguit cUthf; fg; gLk; . ,g;NguitahdJ rptpy; r%fk; kw; Wk; th; j; jf kd; wq; ; fspdhy;

Kfhik nra; ag;gLk; .

fy; tpj; Jiw

305. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> fle; j fhyj; jpd; NghJ fy; tpapd; kPjhd nghJ

KjyPlhdJ Nghjpajhff; fhzg; gltpy; iy. ,jdhy; vkJ ghlrhiyfs; ePh; kw;Wk;

Jg; GuT Vw;ghL> etP d tFg; giwfs; > Ma; T $lq; fs; kw; Wk; tpisahl; L ikjhdq; fs;

Nghd;w mbg; gil trjpfs; mw; Wf; fhzg; gLfpd; wd. Mrphpah; fisj; jpul; bf; nfhs; sy;

kw;Wk; Ml; Nrh;g;G njhlh; ghd Kiwahd nfhs; iffs; fhzg; glhjjhy; tpQ; Qhdk;

kw;Wk; Mq; fpyk; Nghd; w ghlq; fSf; F gy tUlq; fshf Mrphpah; fisf; nfhz; bUf; fhj

ghlrhiyfs; fhzg; gLfpd; wd vd; gJ cz; ikahFk; . fy; tpj; Jiwapy; vkJ

cghakhdJ fw; gpj;jy; juj; jpid Nkk; gLj; Jjy; ghlrhiyfspd; cl;fl; likg; G

trjpfis mjpfhpj; jy; kw; Wk; ghlrhiy ghltpjhd Nkw; ghh;it Mfpa %d; W Kf; fpa

tplaq; fis mbg; gilahff; nfhz; Ls; sJ.

306. fy; tpj; juj; jpid Nkk; gLj; Jtjpy; fw; gpj;jy; juk; Kf; fpa gq; fpid tfpf; fpd; wJ.

f~; lkhd #o; epiyfspd; fP o; rpwe; j Kiwapy; nrayhw; Wfpd;w Mrphpah; fSf; F vdJ

ghuhl;Lfisj; njhptpj; Jf; nfhs; ; fpd; Nwd;. midj; J Mrphpah; fSf; Fk; njhlu; r;rpahd

gapw;rpapidg; ngWk; tifapy; Njrpa fy; tp epWtfj; jpd; %yk; epfo; r;rpj; jpl; lnkhd; iw

jahhpg; gjw; F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpNwd; . murhq; f kw; Wk; murhq; f xj; Jiog; G toq; fg;gLk; ghlrhiyfSf; F Nrh; j; Jf; nfhs; sg; gl; l midj; J Mrphpah; fSk; njhopypy; ,ize; J 05

tUlj; ; jpw;Fs; 02 tUl KONeu Mrphpah; gapw; rpnewp xd; wpid ntw; wpfukhfg; g+h;j; jp

nra; a Ntz; Lnkd ehd; Kd; nkhopfpNwd;. ,jw; fhf &gh 1000 kpy; ypaid

xJf; Ftjw; F Kd; nkhopfpNwd;. vkJ murhq; fk; Mrphpah; fspd; jpwd; tpUj; jpapid

mjpfhpj; Jf; nfhs; tjw; fhf njhlh; r;rpahd gapw; rpapid toq; Ftjw; F Mh; tkhf

cs; sJ.

307. fpuhkpa kw; Wk; gpuhe;jpag; ghlrhiyfSf; F tpNrlkhf tpQ; Qhdk; > fzpjk; > jfty;

njhopy; El; gk; kw; Wk; Mq; fpy ghlq; fSf; F Vw; fdNt Nritapy; cs; s Mrphpah; fisr;

xJf; fPL nra; tjw; F Fwpj; j fhyg; gFjpf; Fs; fy; tp mikr; R nraw; wpl;lk; xd; wpidj;

jahhpf; Fk; . ,jw; fhf fpuhkpa kw; Wk; gpuhe;jpag; ghlrhiyfSf; F Mrphpah; tpLjpfs; >

Xa;T miwfs; Nghd; w trjpfis ngw; Wf; nfhLg; gjw; F &gh 2000 kpy; ypaid xJf; fPL

nra; tjw; F Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

308. vkJ Muk; g kw; Wk; ,uz; lhk; epiyg; ghlrhiyfs; gytw; wpy; Kiwahd kyry$l

trjpfs; ,y; iy. 2016 ,d; Kbtpy; midj; Jg; ghlrhiyfSf; Fk; Foha; ePh;

trjpAld; $ba Kiwahd kyry$l trjpfisg; ngw; Wf; nfhLg; gjw; Fk; mjw; fhf

&gh 4000 kpy; ypad; fis xJf; fPL nra; tjw; Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

309. kpd;rhu trjpapy; yhj ghlrhiyfSf; F Njrpa kpd; fl; likg;gpd; %ykhfNth my; yJ

#hpa rf; jpapd; %ykhfNth kpd; rhu trjpapidg; ngw; Wf; nfhLg; gjw; fhf &gh 2000

kpy;ypaid xJf; fPL nra; tjw; Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

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69

310. eLj; jufhy eltbf; ifj; jpl; lj; jpd; fPo; ehl; by; fhzg; gLk; 3577 Muk; gg;

ghlrhiyfspy; midj; J trjpfSlDk; mgptpUj; jp nra; tjw; F &gh.10>000

kpy;ypad; fis xJf; Ftjw; F Kd; nkhopfpNwd; .

311. mNjNtis> ehl; by; fhzg;gLk; 1000 ,uz; lhk; epiyg; ghlrhiyfs; mtrpakhd

nraw; ghl; L miwfs; Ma; T $lq; fs; ky; hpkPbah miwfs; ,yj; jpudpay; E}yf

trjpfSld; mgptpUj; jp nra; ag; gLk; . ,jw; fhf &gh 15>000 kpy; ypad; xJf; fPL

nra; tjw; F Kd; nkhopfpNwd; .

312. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> fle; j fhyq; fspy; murhq; fj; jpdhy; vt; tpj cjtpAk;

toq; fg; glhJ Gwf; fzpf; fg; gl;;l Vwf; Fiwa 1>360 ghlrhiyfs; fhzg; gLfpd; wd.

mt; thW Gwf; fzpf; fg; gl; l ghlrhiyfspd; trjpfisAk; juj; jpidAk;

Nkk;gLj; Jtjw; fhd fUj; jpl; lnkhd; iwr; nraw; gLj; Jtjw; F &gh 30>000 kpy; ypad; fis

xJf; fPL nra; tjw; F Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

313. NkYk; ngUe; Njhl; lj; Jiwapy; 25 ghlrhiyfis rfy trjpfSk; $ba ,uz; ; lhk;

epiyg; ghlrhiyfshfj; juk; cah; j;Jtjw; F &gh 250 kpy; ypad; fis xJf; fPL

nra; fpNwd;.314. epue;jukhd Ma; T$l trjpfs; mw; w ghlrhiyfspy; tpQ; Qhdf; fy; tpia

Nkk;gLj; Jtjw; fhf &gh 450 kpy; ypad; fis xJf; Ftjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpNwd; .

315. ghlrhiyfspy; gy; Rfhjhu trjpfSf; F Vw; ghL nra; Ak; tifapy; mjw; fhd

cgfuzq; fis Gduikg; gjw; Fk; Nkk; gLj; Jtjw; Fk; ehd; &gh 250 kpy;ypad; fis


316. mr; rplg; gl; l Gj; jfq; fs; rQ; rpiffs; kw; Wk; E}y; fSf; fhd ,wf; Fkjpj; jP h;itfSf; F

tpyf; fspf; fg; gLk; .

317. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> ngUk; ghyhd vkJ ghlrhiyfspy; fhzg; gLk;

fhzpfshdJ KOikahfg; gad;gLj; jg; glhky; cs; sJ. mj; jifa epyq; fisjdpahh; Jiwg; gq; fspg; Gld; mg; ghlrhiyiaAk; gq; fhsuhf ,izj; J gaph; r;

nra; iffspy; gad; gLj; Jtjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpNwd;. mjd; %yk; fpilf; Fk;

tUkhdj; ij ghlrhiyAk; KjyP l; lhsUk; gfph; e;J nfhs; sy; Ntz; Lk;. ,jd; %yk;

ciof; fg; gLk; epjpahdJ fy; tpaikr; rpd; mq; fPfhuj; Jld; ghlrhiyfspd; trjpfis

Nkk;gLj; Jtjw; Fk; mtw; wpd; guhkhpg;Gf;Fk; gad; gLj; jg; gl Ntz; Lk;.

318. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> fy; tpj; Jiw kP J ,t; thwhf mjp $ba Nritia

Nkw;nfhs; Sk; NghJ midj; J khzth; fSk; ghlrhiyapy; my;yJ njhopy; fy; tpgapw;rp

epWtdq; fSf; F jkJ fy; tp eltbf; iffSf; fhf 13 tUlq; fs; fl; lhak; nry; tjw; fhd

Vw;ghLfisr; nra; Js; Nshk; .

319. ghlrhiyfspy; rpwe; j #oiy cUthf; Ftjw; F Mrphpah; kw;Wk; khzth; fSf; fpilapy;

rpwe;j fUj; Jg; ghpkhwy; fis Vw; gLj; Jtjw; Fk; tFg; giwapy; ,Uf; f Ntz; ba

khzth; fspd; vz; zpf; ifia 35 Mf tiuaWf; fg; gl; Ls; sJ.

320. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> tsq; fspd; rpwe; j gad; ghL kw; Wk; epjp

Kfhikj; Jtj; jpy; tif $Wk; jd; ik vd; gtw; Wf;F trjpaspg; gjw; fhf xt; nthU

ghlrhiyapNyAk; jdpahd nryTf; $W xd; W cUthf; fg; gly; Ntz; Lk; vd ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpNwd;. ,J %y tsq; fis rupahf gad; gLj; Jtjw; Fk; epjp

Kfhikj; Jtj; jpw;Fk; tif $Wtjw; Fk; ,jw; fhf jpiwNrhpapd; mwpTWj; jYf;Fmikthf fy; tpaikr; R chpa eltbf; iffis vLf; Fnkd ehd; ek; GfpNwd;.

321. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> mjpNkjF rdhjpgjp N[.Mu; [atu; jd

mwpKfg; gLj; jg; gl; l ,ytr ghlrhiy rP Uil KiwikahdJ jw; NghJ murpay;

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jiyaP L fhuzkhf rpwg; ghf ,lk; ngWtjpy; iy. MfNt ghlrhiy rP Uil

toq; Ftjw; fhf xU gw; Wr; rP l; L Kiwia mwpKfk; nra; tjw; F Kd; nkhopfpNwd; . 2016

Mk; Mz; bd; NghJ ,j; jpl; lj;jpdhy; midj; J rpWtu; fSk; ed; ikailtjid

cWjpg; gLj; Jk; tifapy; tTr; ru;fs; toq; fg; glhj ,lq; fspy; ,ilf; fhy Vw; ghlhf

ghlrhiy rP Uilj; Jzp toq; fg; gLk; .

Kdkhjpup gy; fiyf; fofq; fs

322. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> 2015 cld; xg; gpLifapy; cau; fy; tpf; fhd nkhj; j tuT

nryTj; jpl; l xJf; fPl; bid Vwf; Fiwa 30 rjtP jj; jpdhy; mjpfupj; jpUf;fpd; Nwhk;

vd; gjid ,g; ghuhSkd; wj;jpw;F njuptpj; Jf; nfhs; tjpy; kfpo; r;rpailfpd; Nwd;.

,e; ehl; by; cau; fy; tpapy; Gul; rpnahd; wpid Vw; gLj; Jtjw; fhd re;ju; g;gk; ,JthFk; .

323. njhopy; El; gj; Jiwapy; cau; jug; guPl; irapy; rpj; jpaile; j khztu; fspd; KjyhtJ

njhFjpapdu; vkJ gy; fiyf; fofq; fSf; F 2016 ,y; mDkjpf; fg; gltpUf; fpd; wdu;

vd; gjid ehd; njuptpj; Jf; nfhs; fpd; Nwd;. gy; fiyf; fofq; fspy; njhopy; El; gj; Jiw

,skhzpg; gl; lj; jpid toq; Ftjw; Fj; Njitahd njhopy; El; g gPlq; fis kdpj

tsq; fs; > cl; fl; likg; G trjp kw; Wk; cgfuzq; fSld; cUthf; Ftjw; F ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

324. khztu; fs; kw; Wk; tpupTiuahsu; fs; vjpu; Nehf;Fk; gpujhd tplakhf tpLjpfs; kw; Wk;

tPl;L trjpfs; fhzg; gLfpd; wJ. vdNt> 2018 ,y; midj; J khztu; fSf; Fk;

mtu; fsJ gy; fiyf; fof fhyk; KOtJk; tpLjp trjpfis toq; Ftjw; F ehd;

Kd;nkhopfpd; Nwd;. gy; fiyf; fofk; tpupTiuahsu; fSf; F ftu; r;rpfukhdjhf

,Ug; gjw; Fk; mtu; fis gy; fiyf; fofj; jpy; njhlu; e;jpUf; fr; nra; tjw; Fk;

mtu; fSf; fhd tjptpl trjpfs; toq; fg; gLk; .325. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> vkJ gy; fiyf; fofq; fSf; F ehl; bYs; s

jpwikrhypfspy; xUrpyu; khj; jpuNk mDkjpf; fg; gLk; mNjNtis> cs; ehl; L

gy; fiyf; fofq; fspd; ghltpjhdq; fs; jdpahu; Jiwf; F ve; jsT gq; fspg; gpid

toq; Ffpd; wJ vd; gJ tpthjj; jpw;Fupa tplakhFk; . ,g; gpd;dzpapy; > juT tpQ; Qhdk; >

nka; tpQ; Qhdk; > capupay; jfty; Jiw> tpahghu gFg; gha; T> msT mstpay; Nghd; w

Gjpa ghlnewpfis mtw; wpdJ ghltpjhdq; fspy; mwpKfg; gLj; Jtjw; F rpy

gy; fiyf; fofq; fs; eltbf; if vLj; Js; sjid ehd; Fwpg; gpl tpUk; Gfpd;Nwd;.

mj; jifa Kd; ndLg; Gfis Cf; Ftpg; gjw; F gy; fiyf; fofq; fSf; Fj; Njitahd

cl; fl; likg; G trjpfis toq; Ftjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. fl; blq; fs; >

Ma; T$lq; fs; kw; Wk; cgfuzq; fs; Nghd; w trjpfis toq; FtJk; ,jpy; mlq; Fk; .

326. vkJ gy; fiyf; fofq; fspy; rpwe; j tpupTiuahsu; fis njhlu; e;Jk; ,Uf; fr; nra; tJ kpf

Kf; fpakhd tplankd; gjid ,g; ghuhSkd; wk; Vw;Wf;nfhs; Sk; vd; gjpy; vt; tpj

re; NjfKkpy; iy. gy; NtW ru; tNjr gy; fiyf; fofq; fs; jiyik my; yJ nfsut

Nguhrpupau; gjtp toq; Ftjd; %yk; ,g; gpur;rpidf; fhd jP u;tpid fz; Ls; sJ. ,t; thwhd

tpUJfs; ehl; bd; nghUshjhuj; jpw;F ngWkjp Nru; f; fpd; w Muha; r;rpfspy; <LgLtjw; fhd

Rje; jpuj; jpid tpupTiuahsu; fSf; F toq; Ffpd; wJ. vdNt> ehl; bd; cau; fy; tp

Gul;rpapd; gq; fhsu; fshf jdpahl; fs; kw; Wk; fk; gdpfspid Cf; Ftpg; gjw; fhf vkJ

Njrpa gy; fiyf; fofq; fSf; Fk; mt; thwhd trjpfis toq; Ftjw; F ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

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327. ntspehl;L khztu; fis ftu; tjw; fhd Vw; ghlhf tpNrlkhf cs; ehl; Lg;

gy; fiyf; fofq; fspdhy; toq; fg; gLk; gl;lg; gpd;gbg; G gapw;rp newpfSf; fhf mj;jifa

epWtdq; fs; cau; njhopy; jifikfis toq; Fk; Nehf; fj; Jld; ru; tNjr cau;

njhopy; epWtdq; fspd; rhd; Wg;gLj; jypid ngw;Wf; nfhs; tjid Cf;Ftpf; fpd; wd

vd; wtifapy; mj; jifa epWtdq;fSf;F epjp cjtpapid toq; Ftjw; F ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

328. k`hnghy gy;fiyffofk - nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> vkJ gpujku; fy;tp

mikr; ruhf ,Ue; jNghJ tu; j; jf mikr; ruhd yypj; mj; Jyj; Kjyp vkJ tuyhw; wpy;

kwf; f Kbahj Nritapid Mw;wpAs;shh; vd; gjid ehd; ,q; F Rl; bf; fhl; Ljy;

Ntz; Lk;. mtuJ k`hnghy Gyikg; ghprpy; jpl; lkhdJ gy; fiyf; fof khztu; fs; jkJ

fy; tpapid ntw; wpfukhf epiwTnra; tjw; F KbAkhf ,Ue; jJld; mjd; %yk; cUthd

gyu; ,yq; ifapYk; ntspehl; bYk; cau; njhopy; fspy; Nritahw; wp tUfpd; wdu;.

,t; thwhd xU kdpjid nfsutg; gLj; Jk; Kfkhf khyigapy; k`hnghy

gy;fiyf; fofk vd; w ngahpy; gy; fiyf; fofnkhd; wpid jhgpg; gjw; F ,g; ghuhSkd; wk;

mq; fPfhuk; toq; Fnkd ehd; cWjpahf ek; Gfpd;Nwd;. ,g; gy; fiyf; fofkhdJ jfty; njhopy; El; gk;> tpahghuf; fw; iffs; > Mq; fpyk; > Kfhikj; Jtk; kw;Wk; Vida Gjpa

re; ijf; Nfw;w ghlnewpfspidf; nfhz; bUf; Fk; . ,jw; fhf &gh 3>000 kpy; ypaid

xJf; fPL nra; tjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

329. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> vkJ r%fj; jpw;fhd fy; tp tha; g;Gf;fis

tpupTgLj; Jtjw; F murhq; fj; jpd; mu; g;gzpg; Gldhf fpspnehr; rpapy; nghwpapay;

gPlj; ijAk; tTdpahtpy; tptrha gP lj; ijAk; mikf; f ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

330. ghyp kw; Wk; ngsj; j fw; iffSf; fhd gl; lg; gpd; gbg; G epWtdj; jpw;F Gjpa

fl; blnkhd; Wld; Njitahd cl; fl; likg; G trjpfSk; toq; fg; gLk; . ,jw; fhf &gh 500

kpy;ypaid xJf; fPL nra; tjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.331. gy; fiyf; fof khztu; fSf; F 3 tUl tl; bay; yhj fld; mbg; gilapy; kb

fzdpfis toq; Ftjw; Fk; midj; J gy; fiyf; fofq; fspYk; ; ,ytr wi-fi zones

trjpfis Vw; ghL nra; tjw; Fk; ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. (,jw; fhf &gh 300 kpy; ypaid


332. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> tpisahl; Lj; Jiwapy; rhjidfisg; gilj; jtu; fs; >

Gjpa nghUs; my; yJ Nritapid fz; Lgpbj;jtu; fs; > Math Olympiad Nghd;w ru; tNjrg;

Nghl;bfspy; gq; Fgw;wpatu; fSf; F gy; fiyf; fof mDkjpapd; NghJ Nkyjpf Gs; spfs;

toq; Ftjw; fhd Gjpa eilKiwfis gpd; gw;Wtjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.333. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> kpf eP z; l fhykhf vkJ khztu; fspd; ntspehl; Lf;

fy; tpf; fhf mjpfsthd ntspehl; Lr; nryhtzp ntspr; nry; fpd; wJ. ,g; Nghf;F

khw;wpaikf; fg; gl Ntz; Lk; ; . ,j; Jiwapy; vkJ Mw; wYf; F tpNrl ftdk; nrYj; Jk;

tifapy; ntspehl; L khztu; fis ,yq; ifapy; fw; gjw; F J}z; l Ntz; Lnkd; gJld;

mjd; %yk; ntspehl; Lr; nryhtzp cl; gha; r;ry; mjpfupf; fpd; wJ. ,yq; if fy; tpf; fhd

ikankhd; whf khWtjw; fhd Mw; wypidg; ngw;Ws; sJ. ,e; jtifapy; > kUj; Jtj; Jiw

ePq;fyhf jdpahu; gy; fiyf; fofq; fs; gy; fiyf; fof khdpaq; fs; Mizf; FOtpdhy;

epWtfpf; fg; gLk; tifapy; ,yq; ifapy; njhopw; gLtjw; F mDkjpf; fg; gLk; . vdpDk;

nkhj; j Ml; Nru;g;gpy; 10 rjtP jk; cs; ehl; L cau; jug; guPl; irapy; rpwe; j Kiwapy; rpj; jpaile;j khztu; fSf; F ,ytrkhf mDkjp toq; fg; gLjy; Ntz; Lk;. mj; jifa

njhopy; Kaw; rpfspd; cs; ehl; L gq; fhsUf; F tup Cf; Ftpg; G toq; fg; gLk; .

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334. gy;fiyf; fof tpupTiuahsu; fs; Muha; r;rpf; fl; Liufis rku; g;gpj;jy; cs; slq; fyhf

cj; jpNahfg+u;t gzpfSf; fhf ntspehl; Lg; gpuahzq; fis Nkw; nfhs; Sk; NghJ

nrYj; j Ntz; ba gy; NtW nfhLg; gdTfisg; ngw; Wf;nfhs; tjpy; iy vd ehd; mwpe;J

nfhz; Nld; . vdNt> murhq; fj; jpd; midj; J NritfspYs; s epiwNtw; W

mYtyu; fSf; F toq; fg; gl; l trjpfis gy; fiyf; fof tpupTiuahsu; fSf; Fk;

toq; Ftjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

335. murhq; fk; Nghl; bg; guPl; irfis elhj;Jtjd; %yk; murhq; f Nritf; F gl; ljhupfis

njhlu; e;Jk; Ml; Nru;g;G nra; Ak;. murhq; f Copau; fspd; Mw; wy;fs; etP d rthy; fSf; F

Kfq; nfhLf; Fk; tifapy; mjpfupf; fg; gLjy; Ntz; Lk;. vdNt> eilKiw njhopy; re; ij

Nfs; tpf; Nfw;w gl; lg; gbg; G fw; if newpfis ikag; gLj; JtjD}lhf Cf; Ftpf; FkhW

vkJ gy; fiyf; fofq; fis ehd; Nfl; Lf; nfhs; fpd; Nwd;.

336. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> NkNy Fwpg; gpl;l jpl; lq; fis nraw; gLj; Jtjw; F

Nkyjpfkhf &gh 6>000 kpy; ypaid xJf; fPL nra; tjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

njhopw;gapw;rp kwWk; njhopy; El; gf; fy; tp – thagGfSffhd jpUgGKid337. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> tuT nryTj; jpl; l jahupg; Gf; fhyg; gFjpapy; ehl; bYs; s

gy; NtW ifj; njhopy; NguitfSld; fye; Jiuahly; fis elj;jpNdd; . njhopy;

epWtdq; fspdhy; Kd; itf; fg; gl; l tplak; ahnjdpy; ehl; by; Muk; g kw; Wk; eLj; ju

kl; lj; jpy; jpwikngw; w gzpahsu; fs; gw; whf;Fiw fhzg; gLfpd; wJ vd; gjhFk; .

338. njhopy; gapw;rp kw; Wk; jpwd; tpUj; jpapid toq; Ftjw; F ehl; by; 400 ,w; F mjpfkhd

murhq; f epWtdq; fs; fhzg; gLfpd; wd. mj; jifa epWtdq; fSf; F ,ilapy;

xUq; fpizg; G fhzg; glhjJld; jdpahu; Jiwf; Fk; ,e; epWtdq; fSf; Fk; ,ilapy;

Fiwthd njhlu; Ng fhzg; gLfpd;wJ. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> epuy; mikr; R>

%d; whk; epiy kw; Wk; njhopy; fy; tp Mizf; FO vd; gtw; Wf;F MNyhrid

toq; ff; $ba gy; NtW ifj; njhopy; fSf; fhd ifj; njhopy; Jiw Nguitfis

tYg; gLj; Jtjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. mjd; %yk; ehl; by; jdpahu; Jiw

Njitf; fhd njhopw; gapw;rp cghankhd; W cUthf; fg; gLk; .

339. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> njhopw; gapw;rp kw; Wk; njhopy; El; gtpay; gy; fiyf; fofk;

(UNIVOTEC) kw; Wk; rKj; jputpay; gy; fiyf; fofk; vd; gd Muk; gpf;fg; gl; lJld;

ghlrhiyf; fy; tpapid Kbj; Jf; nfhz; ltu; fs; rhd; wpjo;fs; > bg;Nshkh kw; Wk;

gl; lg; gbg; Gr; rhd; wpjopid ngw; Wf; nfhs; tjw; fhd khw; Wtopnahd; W

Muk;gpf;fg; gl; Ls; sJ. vdNt> rKj; jpu caphpay; > rKj; jpu nghOJNghf; F kw; Wk; JiwKf> fg; gy; fl; ly; xUq; fpize; j fiuNahu ts Kfhikj; Jtk; Nghd; w Gjpa

gl; lg; gbg; G ghlnewpfspid rKj; jpug; gy; fiyf; fofj; jpd; %yk; mwpKfg; gLj; Jtjw; F

ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

340. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> ,e; ehl; by; jpwikkpf; f Copag; gilapid mjpfupf; Fk;

Nehf;fj; Jld; Ie; J gy; fiyf; fof fy; Y}hpfs; Muk; gpf;fg; gl; Ls; sJld; kpf tpiutpy;

gl; ldfyapy; kw; WnkhU gy; fiyf; fofk; Muk; gpf;fg; gl cs; sJ. nghypku;

njhopy; El; gk;> GJg; gpf;fj; jf; f rf; jp njhopy; El; gk;> ngUe; Njhl; l gapH njhopy; El; gk;>

Clfj; Jiw Nghd; w gapw;rp newpfis cs; slf; Ffpd; w ghltpjhdq; fis

,g; gy; fiyf; fofq; fspy; mwpKfg; gLj; Jtjw; Fk; eLj; jukl; l njhopy; El; gtpayhsu; fiscUthf; Ftjw; Fk; njhopy; El; g fy; Y}hpfis gy; fiyf; fof fy; Y}hpfspd; me; j]; jpw;F

cau; j; Jtjw; Fk; ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd;Nwd; . NkYk; gy; fiyf; fof fy; Y}hpfspy; NVQ 5

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kw;Wk; 6 vd; w jifikapid ngw;w khztu; fs; NVQ 7 tiu njhlu; e;J gl;lg; gbg; G

fw;if newpapid njhlu; e;J Nkw; nfhs; tjw; F mDkjpf; Fk; tifapy; njhopy; El; g

gy; fiyf; fofj; jpy; (UNIVOTEC) Gjpa ghlnewpfis mwpKfg; gLj; Jtjw; F ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

341. gpd;jq; fpa gpuNjrq; fSf; F tpNrl ftdk; nrYj; Jk; tifapy; jw; nghOJ fhzg; gLk;

gy; fiyf; fofq; fSld; njhopy; El; g mbg; gil gy; fiyf; fof tshfq; fs; kw; Wk;

njhopw;gapw;rp epWtdq; fisAk; ehk; jhgpf; f cs; Nshk; . ,e; j njhopy; Dl; g mbg; gil

tshfq; fs; kw; Wk; njhopw; gapw;rp epWtdq; fSf; F mDkjp ngWk; Fiwe; j tUkhdk;

ngWk; jpwikahd khztu; fSf; F tTr; ru; Kiwnahd; wpid mwpKfg; gLj; Jtjw; F ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

342. njhopy; El; g kw; Wk; njhopw; fy; tpapid NkYk; ]; jpug;gLj; Jtjw; F ,yq; if N[u; kd;

njhopy; El; g gapw; rp epWtfj; jpw;fhd khztH mDkjpapid ,uz; L tUl

fhyg; gFjpf; Fs; 200 ,dhy; mjpfupg; gjw; F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd; Nwd;. N[u; kd; njhopy; El; g

xj; Jiog; G epWtdj; jpdhy; epjpaspf; fg; gl; l fpspnehr; rp njhopy; gapw; rp epiyak;

mz; ikapy; g+Hj;jpaila cs; sJ. vdNt> N[u; kd; njhopy; El; g epWtdj; jpidg; Nghd;W RahjPd gapw; rp epWtdnkhd; whf ,e; epiyaj; jpid mgptpUj; jp nra; tjw; F ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

343. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> Copar; re; ij> fl; blk; kw; Wk; epu;khzk; > N`hl; ly;

kw;Wk; Rw;Wyhj; Jiw> vspa nghwpapay; kw; Wk; jahupg; Gj; Jiwfs; Nghd; w Jiwfspd;

Nfs; tpapid <Lnra; tjw; F jpwikahd Copag; gilapid cUthf; FtJ njhlu; ghf

,e; j murhq; fk; tpNrl ftdk; nrYj; jpAs; sJ. gapw;rp newpfis toq; Fjy; kw; Wk;

gapw;rp newpapid g+u; j; jp nra; jtu; fSf; F rhd; wpjo;fis toq; Ftjw; fhf murhq; f

kw;Wk; jdpahu; gq; fspg; G epfo; r;rpj; jpl; lnkhd; wpid mwpKfg; gLj; Jtjw; F ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

344. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> rpwpa kw; Wk; eLj; ju njhopy; Kaw; rpfs; epjpf; $w; Wfs; >

tpahghuj; jpl; lq; fis jahupg; gjw; F Njitahd Mw; wy;fisf; nfhz; bUf; ftpy; iy

vd; gJ ahtUk; mwpe;j tplakhFk; . rpwpa kw; Wk; njhopy; Kaw; rpj; Jiwapy; Vw;fdNt

<Lgl; Ls; stu; fSf; F %d; W khj gapw; rpapid toq; Ftjw; F gjpTnra; ag; gl; l

fzf;fha; T epWtdq; fis ehd; Ntz; bf; nfhs; fpd; Nwd;. gapYdu; xUtUf; F

khjnkhd; Wf;F 2>000 &ghtpid fzf; fha; T epWtdq; fSf; F murhq; fk; toq; Fk; .

xt; nthU fhyhz; bYk; 2>500 ,isQu; fs; gapw; Wtpf; fg; gLtu; vd vjpu; ghu;f; fg; gLfpd; wJ.

,jw; fhf &gh 30 kpy; ypaid xJf; fPL nra; tjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.345. NkYk; > Mq; fpy nkhopj; Nju; r;rp kw; Wk; nkd; wpwd; tpUj; jp nra; tJ Copar; re; ijapy;

Nghl;bapLtjw; F mtrpaj; NjitahFk; . Mq; fpy nkhop kw; Wk; nkd; wpwd; njhopy; El; g

gapw;rp epiyaq; fspy; khztu; fSf; F Nghjpg; gjw; F ntspehLfspy;

gapw;Wtpg;ghsu; fSf; fhd gapw; rpapid toq; Ftjw; F tpNrl epfo; r;rpj; jpl; lnkhd; iwj;

jhgpg;gjw; F Kd; nkhopag; gLfpd; wJ. NkYk; > jukhd Mq; fpy nkhop gapw; rp newpfis

toq; Ftjw;F jdpahu; epWtdq; fis ehk; Cf; Ftpf; fpd; Nwhk;.

346. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> NkNy Fwpg;gplg;gl; l jpl; lq; fis nraw; gLj; Jtjw; F &gh

3>000 kpy;ypaid Nkyjpfkhf xJf; fPL nra; tjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

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,isQH gil Clhf ,isQufis tYt+l; ly ;

347. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> vkJ ehl; by; ,isQu; fs; vjpu; fhyj; jpw;F

topaikg; gtu; fs; Mthu; . ,isQu;fs; jkJ KO Mw; wypidAk; ntspf; nfhzu; tjw; F

mtu; fis mDkjpf; fpd; w tifapy; vkJ ehl; bd; ,isQu; fSf; fhd tha; g;Gfis

toq; Ftjw; F ,e; j murhq; fk; cWjpaspj; Js;sJ. ,g; gpd;dzpapy; Njrpa ,isQu;

gilia Gduikg; gjw; Fk; tYg; gLj; Jtjw; Fk; ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.348. rhjhuz ju kw; Wk; cau; juj; jpy; ,il tpyfpatu; fSf;fhd re;ju; g;gq;fis toq; Fk;

tifapy; njhopy; topfhl; ly; > Ms; rhu; tpUj; jp> jiyikj; Jt gapw; rp kw;Wk; xOf; f

tpOkpak; vd; gtw; wpid ,isQu; gilazpapd; Clhf ,isQu; fSf; F toq; Ftjw; Fk;

mtu; fis njhopy; El; g fy; tpf; fhf njhopw; gapw;rp epWtdq; fSf; F mDg; Gtjw; Fk; ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. mjdhy; ,yq; if njhopy; El; g gapw; rp epWtdk; kw; Wk; njhopypEl; g

gapw;rpAld; rk; ge;jgl;l ,d; Ndhud; d epWtdq; fis Njrpa ,isQu; mzpNahL

,izj; Jtpl Kd; nkhofpd; Nwd;.

349. ,j; jpl; lq; fis nraw; gLj; Jtjw; F NkYk; &gh 3>000 kpy; ypaid Nkyjpfkhf xJf; fPL

nra; tjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

350. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> ,ize; j Mw; wy;fs; kw; Wk; njhopw; gapw;rp jpwikfis

gad; gLj; Jtjd; %yk; jkJ vjpu; fhyj; ij tFj; jikj; Jf; nfhs; tjw; F ,isQu; fis

Cf; Ftpg; gjw; fhd Neuk; ,JthFk; . fhyhz; tsu; g;G> jsghlf; ifj; njhopy; > kpd;

epiyaq; fs; > czTg; ghJfhg; G> myq; fhu kP d; tsu; g;G> ghw;nghUs; ifj; njhopy; >

NjdP tsu; g;G Nghd; w fUj; jpl;lq; fspy; <LgLtjw; F Mff; Fiwe; jJ Ik; gJ

cWg; gpdu;fis nfhz; l FOnthd; wpYs;s ,isQu; fSf; F fld; toq; Ftjw; F tu; j; jf

tq; fpfSf; fhd eilKiwnahd; wpid mwpKfg; gLj; Jtjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

tu; j; jf tq; fpfs; mj; jifa fUj; jpl; lq; fSf; F tl; b rYiff; fld; mbg; gilapy; fld; toq; FtJld; mj; jifa njhopy; Kaw; rpfs; tphpthf; fg; gl; L epjp kw; Wk;

tsq; fisg; ngw; Wf; nfhs; tjw; fhd jifikapid ngw; Wf; nfhs; Sk; . fUj; jpl; lj; jpd;

mstpd; mbg; gilapy; ,f; fUj; jpl; lq; fSf; fhf murhq; ff; fhzpfs; toq; fg; gLk; .

,e; Nehf;fj;jpw; fhf ehL KOtjpYKs; s 6>000 fpuhkq; fspypUe; J Mff; Fiwe; jJ

300>000 ,isQu; fs; fye; J nfhs; thnud vjpu; ghu;f; fg; gl; Ls; sJld; epWtd nghWg; G

fUj; jpl; lnkhd; W vd; w tifapy; tpNrl fld; jpl; lj; jpw;fhd Vw; ghl; bid

Nkw;nfhs; SkhW Njrpa Nrkpg; G tq; fpf;F ehd; miog; G tpLf; fpd; Nwd;.

Rfhjhuk; - etP d Rfhjhug guhkupg; G

351. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> Rfhjhuj; Jiwapy; KjyPL nra; a Ntz; ba Njit

fhzg;gLtjid ,e; j murhq; fk; KOikahf czu; e;Js; sJ. vkJ ehl; bd;

gpuirfSf; F ,ytr Rfhjhu Nritapid toq; Ftjw; F ehk; mu; g;gzpg; Gld;

nraw; gLfpd; Nwhk;. ,e; jtifapy; vkJ cghak; gd; Kfg; gLj; jg; gl; L ,Ug; gJld;

kdpjts mgptpUj; jp> nkd; kw; Wk; td; cl; fl; likg; G mgptpUj; jp kw; Wk; Muha; r;rp

mgptpUj; jpf; F KjyP Lfs; Nkw;nfhs; sg; gLk;.

352. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> ,e; ehl; by; fhzg; gLk; milahsq; fhzg; glhj ehl; gl; l

rpWePuf Neha; njhlu; ghd thjg; gpujpthjq; fSk; fye; Jiuahly; fSk; ,g; ghuhSkd; wj;jpy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sd. vdNt milahsq; fhzg; glhj ehl; gl;l rpWeP uf

Neha; fhzg; gLk; gpuNjrq; fspy; 1>000 rpWePuf rpfpr; ir epiyaq; fis cldbahf

jhgpg;gjw; F &gh 6>500 kpy; ypaid xJf; fPL nra; tjw; F Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

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353. kpd;Ndhpahtpy; rpWePuf Neha; f; fhd tpNrl itj; jparhiy xd; wpid epWTtjw; Fk;

mjw; fhf &gh 2>000 kpy; ypaid xJf; fPL nra; tjw; Fk; ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

354. ey; Y}u;> fz; b kw; Wk; khj; jiw Mfpa gpuNjrq; fspy; %d; W Gw;WNeha;

itj;jparhiyfis epu; khzpg; gjw; fhf &gh 3>000 kpy;ypaid xJf; fPL nra; tjw; F ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

355. rpwe;j Rfhjhug; guhkupg;gpid Nkk; gLj; Jtjw; F mDuhjGuk; > FUehfy; kw; Wk;

aho;g;ghzk; itj; jpa rhiyfis cgfuzq; fs; kw; Wk; Vida trjpfSld;

juKau; j; Jtjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. ,jw; fhf &gh 3>000 kpy; ypaid xJf; fPL


356. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> ehl; by; Rfhjhu ttrjpfis tphpthf; Fk; Nehf; FlDk; >

mtru Njitfspd; NghJ FWfpa Neuj; jpy; Rfhjhu trjpfisg; ngw; Wf; nfhs; tjid

Nkk;gLj; Jtjw; fk; elkhLk; itj; jparhiy vz; zf; fU cUthf; fg; gLk; . ,jw; fhf &gh

200 kpy; ypad; xJf; fg; gLk; .

357. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> rpWtu; kw; Wk; tNahjpgu; fis jhf; Ffpd; w njhw; whj

Neha;fspd; mjpfupj; J tUk; rthiy vjpu; nfhs; tjw; F mLj; j 3 tUlq; fspd; NghJmurhq; fk; Nehapay; > mtru rpfpr; ir> KjpNahu; kUj; Jtk; > Foe; ij kUj; Jtk; Nghd; w

tpNrl Jiwfspy; itj; jpau; fis gapw;Wtpf; fTk; tNahjpgu; fis guhkupf; Fk; jhjpkhu;

kw;Wk; Jiz kUj; Jt mYtyu; fSf; fhd gapw; rp vd; gtw; Wf;F &gh 250 kpy; ypaid

xJf; fPL nra; tjw; Fk; ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

358. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ehLKOtjpYk; gy; NtW js itj; jpa rhiyfSk;

gpuNjr itj; jpa rhiyfSk; fhzg; gLfpd; wd. ,t; itj; jpa rhiyfspy; fl; by; trjp>

gupNrhjid cgfuzq; fs; kw; Wk; Vida trjpfs; Fiwthff; fhzg; gLfpd; wJ.

,t; thwhd itj; jpa rhiyfspy; Kiwahd tjptpl trjpfs; fhzg; glhikapdhy;

itj; jpau; fis njhlu; e;J itj; jpUg;gJ rpukkhdjhFk; . vdNt> fpuhkpag; gpuNjrq; fspYs; s itj; jpau; fs; kw; Wk; Vida kUj; Jt mYtyu; fspd; tjptpl

Njitapidg; g+u;j; jp nra; tjw; F 2 tUlq; fSf; Fs; eltbf; if vLf; fg; gLk; . jdpahu;

murhq; f gq; fspg; gpid Cf; Ftpg; gJld; ,t; thwhd trjpfis epu; khzpj; J guhkupf; fpd; w

jdpahu; JiwapdUf; F murhq; fk; thlifapidr; nrYj; Jk; .

359. mLj; j ,uz; L tUlq; fSf; Fs; %d; whk; epiy eyd; Ghp itj; jpa rhiyfSld;

,ize; jjhf rfy trjpfSk; nfhz; l gj; J khtl; l gf; fthj epiyaq; fis

epu;khzpg; gjw; F Kd; nkhoptJld; itj; jpa rhiyfspy; tpgj; J kw; Wk; mtru rpfpr; ir

Nritfis tpupthf; Ftjw; Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. ,jw; fhf &gh 5>000 kpy; ypaid


360. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> vkJ Rfhjhuj; Jiw cghaj; jpy; Muha; r;rp kw; Wk;

mgptpUj; jp Kf;fpakhd tplakhFk; . ,j; JiwapYs; s cau; njhopy; Ghpeu;fs; Muha; r;rp

kw;Wk; mgptpUj; jpg; gzpapy; <Lgl; Ls; sJld; mtu; fsJ fz; Lgpbg;GfSf; F rpwpjsthd

my;yJ vt; tpj xj; Jiog; Gk; murhq; fj; jpypUe;J fpilg; gjpy; iy. 2015 ,y; n[dP thtpy;

,lk; ngw;w fz; Lgpbg;ghsu; ru; tNjr fz; fhl; rpapy; jq; fg; gjf; fk; ntd; wtu; fis ehd;

ghuhl;Lfpd; Nwd;. “Footie” cgfuzj; jpid fz; Lgpbj;jjw; fhf itj; jpau; J~pjh

f`Jt> Gw euk; G Cf; fp Crpapid fz;Lgpbj; jjw; fhf itj; jpau; mEu tpf; fpukrpq;f

kw;Wk; Fuy; tis Ma; T gw; wpa fhnzhspapid cUthf; fpajw; fhf WFSAepWtdj; jpdhy; tpUJ toq; fg; gl; l itj; jpau; mDu tpf; fpukrpq; f Mfpa %d; W ,sk;

itj; jpau; fSk; Vw;fdNt ehl; bd; Rfhjhuj; Jiwapd; juj; jpid Nkk; gLj; jf; $ba

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tifapy; Gj; jhf; f fUtpfis fz; Lgpbj; jtu; fis gpd; gw;wpatu; fs; . mtu; fs;

midtiuAk; ehd; kPz; Lk; ghuhl; Lfpd; Nwd;.

361. Rfhjhuj; Jiwapy; Muha; r;rp kw; Wk; mgptpUj; jpapd; Kf; fpaj; Jtjj; jpid czu; e;J

ePupopT Neha; > nlq; F> milahsq; fhzg; glhj ehl; gl; l rpWeP uf Neha; kw; Wk; Gw;WNeha;

vd; gtw; Wf;fhd Muha; r;rp xj; Jiog; gpid toq; Ftjw; F Njrpa tpQ; Qhd kd; wj;jpw;F

&gh 250 kpy; ypaid xJf; fPL nra;tjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

362. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> = [atu; jdGu itj; jparhiy GJg; gpf;fg; gLtJld;

jdpahu; JiwAld; Nghl; bapLk; tifapy; tpupthf; fg; gl cs; sJ. mjw; fhf &gh 1>500

kpy;ypaid xJf; fPL nra; tjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.mNjNtis> cs; ehl; L kw; Wk;

ntspehl; L re; ijapy; jifikngw; w jhjpkhiu toq; Ftjw; F [atu; jdGu itj; jpa

rhiyAld; ,ize; j jhjpkhu; ghlrhiy tUlnkhd; Wf;F 2>000 jhjpkhUf; F gapw; rp

toq; Ftjw; F Njitahd cl; fl; likg; G trjpfSld; mgptpUj; jp nra; ag; gl

Ntz; bAs; sJ. ,jw; fhf &gh 2>500 kpy; ypaid xJf; fPL nra; tjw; F ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

363. epjpg; gad; ghl; bid tpidj; jpwd; kpf; fjhf fz; fhzpg; gjw; F gzj; jpd; ngWkjpapidcWjpg; gLj; Jk; tifapy; xt; nthU itj; jpa rhiyapYk; fz; fhzpg; G mynfhd; wpid

jhgpg;gjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

364. ntspehl; Lr; nryhtzp ehl; bypUe; J ntspNa nry; tjid Fiwg; gjw; F murhq; f

jdpahu; gq; fspg; nghd; whf kUe; Jg; nghUs; tyaq; fisj; jhgpg; gjw; fhd jdpahu;

njhopy; Kaw; rpfSf; F ehd; miog; G tpLf; fpd; Nwd;. murhq; fk; epyq; fis toq; Ftjd;

%yk; ,jw; F gq; fspg; Gr; nra; Ak;. Fwpj; j kUe; Jg; nghUSf; fhd murhq; fj; jpd;

Njitf; Nfw;g nfhs; tdT nra; tjw; fhd Vw; ghLfs; njhlu; gpy; cld; ghL

fhzg; gl; Ls; sJld; mit re; ijapy; ,lk; gpbg;gjw; fhd Cf; Ftpg; G toq; fg; gLk; .

RNjr kUjJtj Jiwapid CfFtpjjy ;

365. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> ghuk; gupa rpfpr; ir KiwahdJ guk; giu guk; giuahf

flj; jg; gl; Ls; sJld; Mq; fpy kUj; Jtk; mwpKfg; gLj; jg; gLk; tiu ,e; ehl; by;

epiyj; jpUe; jJ.

366. vt; thwhapDk; > ghuk;gupa kUj; Jtk; KOikahf mope; J Nghftpy; iy. Mq; fpy

kUj; Jtj; jpypUe; J vOe; j mf; fiwahdJ ehl; bd; RNjr kUj; Jtj; Jiwf; F Gj; J}f; fk;

toq; fpaJ. vdNt> ,d; W ,yq; if MAu; Ntj Rw; Wyhj; Jiwf; F ru; tNjr uP jpapy;

Gfo; ngw;w ,lkhf fhzg;gLfpd; wJ.

367. RNjr kUj; Jtj; Jiwapy; gy; NtW gpur; rpidfs; fhzg; gl; l NghjpYk; %ypif kUe; Jg;

nghUl; fs; mUfptUfpd; wik gpujhd gpur; rpidnahd; whFk; . ,e; jtifapy; fLnty; gL>

tp~; Dfhe; jp Nghd; w FWfpafhy %ypifr; nrbfis gapupLtjw; F Cf; Ftpg; G

toq; Ftjw; F 2>000 tptrhapfSf; F mur fhzpfis toq; Ftjw; F Kd; nkhoptJld;

,jw; fhf rYif mbg; gilapy; epjp toq; Ftjw; Fk; ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

368. ,j; njhopw; Jiwapd; kjpg; gpid cyf kl; lj; jpy; NgZtJld; mjd; Kiwikfis

xUq; fpizg; gjw; Fk; midj; J MAu; Ntj itj; jpa rhiyfisAk; ehLKOtJk;

fhzg; gLfpd; w k]h[; epiyaq; fisAk; xOq; fikg; gjw; fhd Kiwnahd; wpid

mwpKfg; gLj; Jtjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

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78

,t; thW juKau; j; jg; gl; l epiyaq; fs; mtw; wpdJ jfty; njhopy; El; g trjpaspf; Fk;

toikahd gzpfSf; F Nkyjpfkhf cs; ehl; L njhopy; Kaw; rpf;F Cf; fk; toq; FtJld;

rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy; Kaw; rpfSf; F njhopy; El; g xj; Jiog; gpidAk; toq; Fk; .

374. ngWkjp Nru;f; fg; gl; l mjpfstpyhd jukhd Vw; Wkjpg; nghUl; fs; > ntspehLfspy;

tpahghug; ngahpidg; gjpT nra; jy; mtrpakhdjhFk; . gjpT nrad; Kiwapid

Jupjg;gLj; Jtjw; Fk; gjpTf; fl; lzj; ij Fiwg; gjw; Fk; ,yq; if cyf Gyikr; nrhj; J

epWtdj; jpd; ru; tNjr gzpafj; jpdhy; epWtfpf; fg; gLk; mikg;nghd; whf kl; wpl;

Kiwikapd; cWg; gpdnuhUtuhf ,Uj; jy; Ntz; Lnkd ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. ,J

Fwpj;j ifj; njhopy; Jiwapd; Ntz; LNfhshf ,Ue; jJ. ,jdhy; tpahghu FwpaP l;L

rl; lj; jpid jpUj; Jtjd; %yk; kl; wpl; Kiwikapid ngw; Wf; nfhs; tjw; fhd

trjpapid ngw; Wf;nfhs; tjw; Fk; ngsjPf kw; Wk; kdpj tsq; fspid

juKau; j; Jtjw; fhfTk; ,yq; if Gyikr; nrhj; J mYtyfj; jpw;F &gh 100 kpy; ypaid

xJf; fPL nra; tjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpNwd;.

375. ru;tNjr Mf; f cupikapidg; ngw; Wf; nfhs; tjw; F ,dq; fhzg; gl; l fz; Lgpbg;Gfis

,dq; fhZjy; ru; tNjr Mf; f cupikfspd; ed; ikfs; njhlu; gpy; fz; Lgpbg;ghsu; fSf; F,ilapy; Cf; Ftpg; G tpopg;Gzu; tpid Cf; Ftpj; jy; kw; Wk; ru; tNjr Mf; f

cupikfisg; ngw; Wf;nfhs; tjw; fhd njhopy; El; g xj; Jiog; G vd; gtw; Wf;fhd

cghankhd; wpid cUthf; Ftjw; F ,yq; if Gj; jhf; Feu; Mizf; FOtpid NkYk;

tYg; gLj; Jtjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. ,e; jtifapy; fz; Lgpbg;ghsu; fspdhy;

cwg; gl; l nrytpdj; jpid Mff; $baJ I.m. nlhyu; 100>000 tiu murhq; fj; jpdhy;

nrYj; Jtjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

KjpNahu rdjnjhifapid ghJfhjjy

376. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> ,yq; ifapd; nkhj; j rdj; njhifapy; taJKjpu;e;jtu; fspd; rdj; njhif 2000 ,y; 9.3 rjtP jkhf ,Ue; jJld; > 2020 ,y; 20

rjtP jkhf ,Uf; Fnkd vjpu; ghu;f; fg; gl; Ls; sdu; . KjpNahu; rdj; njhifahdJ

r%fj; jpw;Fk; nghUshjhuj; jpw;Fk; neUf; fbfis Vw; gLj; JtJld; Fwpg; gplj; jf; f

Nkyjpf Nfs; tpfisAk; kpfTk; jpl; lkplg; gl; l KjpNahu; guhkupg;G Kiw kw; Wk;

mtu; fSf; fhd epjpaspg; G kw;Wk; Nrit toq; fy; vd; gtw; iwAk; Ntz; bepw;fpd; wJ.

nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> taJ Kjpu; e;j ,yq; ifaupd; tsu; e;JtUk;

gd; Kfj; jd; ik kw;Wk; NritfSf; fhd toq; fy; njhlu; ghd gpur; rpidfs; gw; wp vk;kplk;

njspthd epiyg; ghL fhzg; gLtjpy; iy. mj; jifa Nritfspd; tsu; e;JtUk; Nfs; tp

fhzg; gl; l NghjpYk; Vida eLj; ju tUkhdk; ngWk; ehLfspd; kl; lj; Jf; F

,yq; ifapy; tNahjpgu; guhkupg;G mgptpUj; jp milatpy; iy. ,jdhy; > gpd;tUk;

Kd; nkhopTfis cs; slf; fpajhf gy; gf; f cghaq; fs; Njitg; gLfpd; wJ :

• tNahjpgu; fSf; fhd Njrpag; Nguit midj; J gq; fhsu; fsplKk;

fye; Jiuahb tNahjpgu;fSf; fhd Njrpaf; nfhs;ifnahd; wpid cUthf; Fk; .

,jw; fhd jpul; L epjpaj; jpypUe; J &gh 10 kpy; ypaid xJf; fPL nra; a ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. • nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> tNahjpgu; guhkupg;G njhlu; ghd cau; njhopy;

Gupeu;fs; ru; tNjr uP jpapYk; mNjNghd; W cs; ehl; bYk; mjpf Nritahw; wp

tUtjidapl; L ehd; ghuhl; Lfpd; Nwd;. me; jtifapy; > tNahjpgu; guhkupg;gpid

,yf; fhff; nfhz; L gapw; rpnewpfs; kw; Wk; epfo; r;rpj; jpl; lq; fis jdpahu; Jiw

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79

fy; tp epWtdq; fspYk; Njrpa gy; fiyf; fofq; fspYk; Cf; Ftpj; jy; . tNahjpgu;

eyd; njhlu; ghd ru; tNjr uP jpapy; rhd; Wg;gLj; jg; gl; l ghlnewpfis

toq; Ffpd; w jdpahu; fy; tp epWtdq; fs; Ie; J tUlq; fSf; F 50 rjtP j tup

Fiwg; G toq; fg; gLk; . • tNahjpgu; fSf; fhd tP l; Lj; Njit kpf mjpfkhff; fhzg; gl; l NghjpYk;

ehl; by; mjw; fhd toq; fy; kpff; Fiwthff; fhzg; gLfpd; wJ.

tNahjpgu; fSf; F gpuj; jpNafkhd tP likg;G trjpfis epu; khzpg; gjpy;

<LgLfpd; w jdpahu; kw; Wk; fk; gdpfSf; F miuthrp tup tpLKiw

toq; fg; gLk; .

• fhg; GWjpf; fk; gdpfs; rpNul; l gpuirfSf; F itj; jpaf; fhg; GWjpfis

toq; Ftjpy; iynad; gJ vdf; Fj; njhpa te; jJ. ,J vkJ r%fj; jpYs; s

xU FOtpdUf; F vjpuhd ghugl; rkhff; fhzg; gLfpd; wJ. vdNt> 75 taJ

tiuf; Fkhd midj; J gpuirfSf; Fk; kUj; Jtf; fhg; GWjpfis toq;Ftjw; F

midj; Jf; fhg; GWjpf; fk; gdpfisAk; ehd; Ntz; bf; nfhs; fpd; Nwd;.

• nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> 65 taJf; F Nkw; gl; l rpNul;l gpuirfs; midtUk; Njrpa vz; zpk milahs ml; il toq; fg; gLk; re; ju;g;gj; jpy;

nghJg; Nghf; Ftuj; jpid ,ytrkhfg; gad; gLj; Jtjw; F KbAkhf ,Uf; Fk; .

vkJ vjpufhy rpWtufisg ghJfhjjy

377. rpWtu; fs; epiyahd Ngz; jF mgptpUj; jpapd; mbj; jsq; fshFk; . tho; f; ifapd; ,sk;

gUtkhdJ jdp kdpju; fspd; Rfhjhuk; kw; Wk; ngsjP f mgptpUj; jpf; F Kf; fpaj;Jtk;

Nghd;Nw r%f kw; Wk; czu; T uPjpahd mgptpUj; jpf; Fk; Kf; fpakhdjhFk; . ,jidf; ftdj; jpw; nfhz; L &gh 7>000 kpy; ypad; my; yJ 50 kpy; ypad; I.m. nlhyu;

nrytpdj; jpy; murhq; fk; jw;nghOJ rpW guha mgptpUj; jp njhlu; ghd

fUj; jpl; lnkhd; wpy; ifr; rhj; jpl; Ls; sJ.

378. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> $l;Lf; FLk; gj; jpypUe; J rpwpa FLk; gq;fshf khwptUk;

vkJ FLk; g fl; likg; ghdJ mjpfstpyhd njhopy; GupAk; ngw; Nwhupid

nfhz; bUg; gJld; ek; gfkhdJk; rpwe; j juj; jpyhd rpWtu; guhkupg;G fhzg; glhikahdJ

gy; NtW gpur; rpidfis Njhw; Wtpf; fpd; wJ. rpWtu; fis Kiwahfg; guhkupg;gjw; F

Njitahd ngsjP f cl; fl; likg; G Fiwthff; fhzg; gLk; rpWtu; guhkupg;Gepiyaq; fs; > rpWtu; guhkupg;Gf;F cfe; jjhff; fhzg; gLtjpy; iy vd; gJld;

guhkupg;ghsu;fs; cupa njhopYf; fhd Kiwahd gapw; rpapid ngw; wpUg;gjpy; iy. Njrpa

rpWtu; guhkupg;G mjpfhu rigapdhy; xOq; FgLj; jg; glf; $ba rpWtu; guhkupg;G

epiyaq; fis Muk; gpg;gjw; F jdpahu; Jiwf; F ehd; Cf; Ftpg; G toq; Ffpd; Nwd;. vdNt>

mj; jifa nrytpdq;fis jifik ngWk; nfhLg; gdthf mDkjpg; gjw; F ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

379. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> fle; j rpy khjq; fspy; khj; jpuk; rpWtu; fs; flj; jg; gl; L>

ghypay; ty; YwTf; F cl; gLj; jg; gl; L nfhiy nra; ag; gl; l ,sk; rpWtu; fs; gw; wpa

kdij cUf; Fk; nra; jpfs; gytw; wpid ehk; Nfs; tpAw;Nwhk;. rpWtu; fisg;

ghJfhg; gjw; fhd murhq; fj; jpd; mu; g;gzpg; gpid ehd; ,q; F Fwpg; gplhky; ,Uf; f

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KbahJ. rpWtu; guhkupg;G njhlu; ghd ,g; gpur;rpidfis tpyf; fp Nehf; f Ntz; Lnkd

ahUk; fUj KbahJ. vjpu; fhy re; jjpapdiug; ghJfhg;gjw; fhd Kd; nkhopTfs;

gpd;tUkhW: • FLk; gq;fs; kw; Wk; rpWtu; fspd; Njitfisg; ghJfhg; gjw; fhd xOq; FgLj; jy;

Ntiyr; rl; lfnkhd; wpid cUthf; Ftjw; Fk; > rpWtu; guhkupg;G trjpfis

Cf; Ftpg; gjw; Fk; r%fj; jpy; rpwe; j guhkupg; ghsu; fis cUthf; Fk;

Nehf;fj; JlDk; ; rpWtu; fw; wy; Ntiyr; rl; lfk; kw; Wk; Njrpa rl; lk; > ju

Ntiyr; rl; lfk; vd; gtw; wpid jahupg; gjw; fhd Mizapid Njrpa rpWtu;

ghJfhg; G mjpfhu rig nfhz; Ls; sJ. ,jdhy; rpWtu; ghJfhg; G mjpfhu

rigapd; gq; fspg; G fle; j fhyq; fspy; ghupastpy; fhzg; gl; lJ vd; wtifapy;

mJ NkYk; ]; jpug;gLj; jg; gLjy; Ntz; Lk;. ,jw; fhf jpul; L epjpapypUe; J &gh

100 kpy; ypaid xJf; fPL nra; tjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. • vkJ ehl; by; jpwik kpf; f rpWtu; guhkupg;ghsu; fs; Fiwthff;

fhzg; gLfpd; wdh;. ,J KO r%fj; jpYk; jhf;fnkhd; wpid Vw; gLj; jpAs; sJ.

rpWtu; guhkupg;ghsu; fSf; fhd rhd; Wg;gLj; jg; gl; l gapw; rpfis toq; Ftjw; FMuk;gf; fl; lkhf ,yq; ifj; njhopy; gapw; rp mjpfhu rigf; Fk; Njrpa rpWtu;

ghJfhg; G mjpfhu rigf; Fk; &gh 50 kpy; ypaid xJf; fPL nra; tjw; F ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

380. mNj Ntisapy; > rpWtu; guhkupg;G njhlu; ghd rhd; Wg;gLj; jg; gl; l gapw; rp newpfis

toq; Fk; VNjDk; jdpahu; epWtdq; fs; ,ul; il tup ed; ik fpilg; gjw; fhd tha; g;G

Vw;gLj; jg; gLk; .

jghy Nritfs ;

381. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> kpd; dQ;ry; > ,izaj; js ghtidapd; fhuzkhf jghy; NritahdJ cyfshtpa uP jpapy; Fwpg; gplj; jf; fsT gpur; rpidfis vjpu; Nehf;fp

tUfpd; wJ. ,d; W vkJ jghy; Nrit $l mt; thwhd rthy; fis vjpu; nfhz; Ls; sJ.

,e; jtifapy; > mt; thwhd rthy; fis vjpu; nfhs; tjw; F jghy; Nritapid $upau;

Nritfis toq; Fk; tpahghukhf khw; Wtjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. NkYk; jkJ

Nritfis ,oe; Js; s cg jghyfq; fs; mtw; wpdJ Nritfis cWjpg; gLj;Jtjw; F

epjp xj; Jiog; gpid toq; Ftjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. tq; fpfspd; rhu; gpy;

Nrkpg;Gfis Nrfupf; fpd; w gzpapy; <LgLtjw; Fk; mtw; wpid ,yhgk; juf; $ba

epWtdq; fshf khw; Wtjw; fhd Nkyjpf tUkhdj; jpid ngwf; $ba Nritfis

toq; FkhWk; ehd; Nfl; Lf; nfhs; fpd; Nwd;.

nghJ kf; fs; xOq; F kwWk; ghJfhg;G

382. nfsut rghehafu; mtu;fNs> fpuhk kl; lj; jpy; ghJfhg; G> rl; lk; kw; Wk; xOq; fpid

Nkk;gLj; Jk; tifapy; rl; lk; kw; Wk; xOq; F mikr; ru; kw; Wk; nghyp]; kh mjpgUld;

fye; jhNyhrpj; J jw; nghOJ fhzg; gLk; 428 nghyp]; epiyaq; fis 600 nghyp];

epiyaq; fshf mjpfupg; gjw; F ehd; Kd; tUfpd; Nwd;. ,jw; fhf Nkyjpfkhf &gh 1>000

kpy;ypad; xJf; fPL nra; ag; gLk; .

383. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> kpf Jaukhd #o; epiyapy; vkJ nghyp]; mYtyu; fs;

gzpahw; wp tUfpd; wdu;. mtru epiyikfspd; NghJ cldbahf nraw; gLtJld; vkJ

kf; fSf; F Njitahd Vida gy; NtW NjitfisAk; mtu; fs; toq; Ffpd; wdu;.

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mtu; fs; cs; ehl; bYk; > ntspehl;bYk; etP d thfdg; Nghf; Ftuj; J Kfhikj; Jt

Kiwik cs; slq; fyhf Kf; fpakhd Jiwfspy; njhluhd gapw; rp toq; fg; gl Ntz; ba

Njit fhzg; gLfpd; wJ. ,jdhy; ehl; bYs; s Njrpa nghyp]; gapw; rpf; fy; Y}upapid

tYg; gLj; Jtjw; Fk; mjw; fhf &gh 100 kpy; ypaid xJf; fPL nra; tjw; Fk; ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

384. njhiyj; njhlu; G tiyaikg; G cUthf; fkhdJ mtruj; Njitfspd; nghJ nghyp];

cldbahf nraw; gLtjw; Fk; murhq; f epWtdq; fs; kw; Wk; kf; fSf; fpilapy;

njhlu; ghlypid mjpfupg; gjw; Fk; ,J mtrpakhdjhFk; . ,k; Kd; nkhoptpid

nraw; gLj; Jtjw; F &gh 250 kpy; ypaid xJf; fPL nra; fpd; Nwd;.

385. nghyprhhpdhy; toq; fg; gLk; Nritfis vkJ murhq; fk; ed; F czu; e;Js; sJ vd; w

tifapy; mLj; j ,uz; L tUlq; fSf; Fs; nghyp]; Nritapy; fhzg; gLk; rk;gs

Kuz; ghLfis ePf; Ftjw; F eltbf; if vLf; fg; gLk; . ,jw; fhf 50 rjtP jkhd epYitf;

nfhLg; gdTfSf; fhf &gh 3>000 kpy; ypaid xJf; fPL nra; tjw; F ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

386. NkYk; > rpwe;j epjp eilKiwfis Vw; gLj; Jk; tifapy; midj; J nghyp]; epiyaq; fSk; jdpahd nrytpd epiyankhd; wpid nfhz; bUf; Fk; .

mur cilik njhopy; Kawrpfs

387. mur cilik njhopy; Kaw; rpfs; ehl; bd; Kf; fpa Jiwfshd kpd; rhuk;> vupnghUs; >

JiwKfq; fs; kw; Wk; tpkhd epiyak; tpkhd Nritfs; kw; Wk; ePu; toq; fs;

Mfpatw; wpy; jdp cupikahfNth my; yJ xU Fwpg; gpLk; gbahd fl; Lg;ghl; ilNah

nfhz; Ls; sjd; fhuzkhf mur nghUshjhu cghaq; fspy; xu Fwpg; gplj; jf;f gq; fpidf;

nfhz; Ls; sd. tUthia mjpfhpf; Fk; topahd ve; j xU mur njhopy; Kaw;rpAk; jdpahh; kag; gLj; jg; gl khl; lhJ vd murhq; fk; kPs typAWj; Jfpd; wJ. ,jw; F

khw;wkhf mur njhopy; Kaw; rpfis cWjpg; gLj; jTk; kw; Wk; Rje;jpukhf ,aq; ff; $ba

tifapyhd cghakhd mDFKiwfis gpd; gw;Wtjpy; murhq; fk; ftdk;

nrYj; Jfpd; wJ.

388. Kjypy; midj; J mur njhopy; Kaw; rpfSk; murhq; fj; jpw;F cupikahd xU $l; Lf;

fk; gdpapd; Kfhikapd; fP o; nfhz; L tug; gLk; . mJ rpq; fg; G+h; njkhnrf; $l; Lf;

fk; gdpfis xj; jjhFk; . ,g; nghJf; fk; gdpahdJ rpwe;j epjpapay; Nfhl; ghLfs; kw; Wk;

re; ij nghUshjhuj; jpd; mbg; gilapy; Kfhik nra; ag; gLk; . ,j; njhopy; Kaw; rpfspd;

gq;FfshdJ “nghJr; nrhj; J epjpaj; jpw;F ” khw; wg;gLk; . jpiwNrupapd; nrayhsh; kw; Wk;

kj; jpa tq; fp MSeh; MfpNahh; ghJfhtyuhf ,Ug; gh;. ,e; epjpakhdJ xU ,af; Fdh;

rigapdhy; Kfhik nra; ag; gLk; . ,t; ,af; Fdh; rigahdJ murpay; mikg; G

rigapdhy; epakpf; fg; gLk;. rptpy; r%fk; th; j; jf rk; Nksdq; fs; kw; Wk;

njhopw;rq; fq; fs; Mfpatw; wpd; gpujpepjpfisf; nfhz; ljhFk; . ,g; nghJr; nrhj; J

epjpakhdJ ghuhSkd; wj;jpw;F tif$wy; Ntz; Lk;. ,J mKYf; F tUk; tifapy;

GjpanjhU mur njhopy; Kaw; rpfs; rl; lkhf; fg; gLk; .

389. mur njhopy; Kaw; rpfspd; ,af; Feh; rigahdJ njhopy; ty;Ydh; fis epakpg; gjd;

%yk; cWjpg; gLj; jg; gLk; . Kf; fpakhd mur njhopy; Kaw; rpfs; Rje; jpukhf nraw; gl,lkspg; gNjhL mitfs; Kf; fpakhd nrayhw; Wif Rl; bfspDhlhf (KPI)

fz; fhzpf; fg; gLk; . Kf; fpakhd mur njhopy; Kaw; rpfs; jug; gLj; jy; Kiwikfis

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gpd;gw;Wtjw; F Cf; Ftpf; fg; gLk; . ,jd; %yk; jkf; Fkj; Njitahd %yjdq; fis

gy; NtWgl; l epjp %yq; fspDhlhf cs; Sh; kw; Wk; ntspehl; L %yjdr; re; ijfspy;

,Ue; J ngw; Wf; nfhs; tjw; Fk; re; jh;g;gj; ij mspf; Fk; .

390. Ra ek; gpf;ifAs; s mur njhopy; Kaw; rpfis mgptpUj; jp nra; tjpy; rpwg;ghd

xOq; Fg; gLj; jy; nghwpKiw kpfTk; Kf; fpakhdjhFk; . ,yq; if nghJ trjpfs;

Mizf; FOtpd; mjpfhuq; fis tpupT gLj; Jtjw; Fk; kw; Wk; mtw; iw

cWjpg; gLj; Jtjw; Fk; mtrpakhd rl; lthf; fq; fis ,aw; wp Njrpa eP u; toq; fy;

tbfhyikg; G rig kw; Wk; ,yq; if ngw; Nwhypaf; $l; Lj; jhgdk; Mfpatw; iwAk;

nfhz; LtUtjDhlhf ,e; epWtdq; fs; fpuaj; ij gpujpgspf; ff; $ba ntspg; gilahd

tpiyaply; nghwpKiwapid iff; nfhs; s KbAk; .

391. mur njhopy; Kaw; rpfs; njhlh; ghd murhq; fj; jpd; nfhs; ifahdJ mtw; wpd;

KjyP Lfs; nghUshjhuj; jpy; fhzg; gLk; cgha mikitf; nfhz; L topelhj; jg; gLk; .

murhq; fj; jpd; KjyP l;L gl; bayhdJ Kf; fpakhd cghakhd cl; fl; likg; G trjpfshd

kpd;rhu cw; gj; jp, khw; wy;> JiwKfq; fs; > ePu; toq; fy; Nghd; wtw; iw fl; Lg;gLj; Jk;

gpujhd mur njhopy; Kaw; rpfspy; khj; jpuky; yhky; cghakw; w N`hl; ly; fs; ,itj; jparhiyfs; Nghd; wtw;wpYk; KjyP L nra; Js; sJ. nfsut gpujk mikr; rh;

mth; fs; ,r; rigapy; $wpaijg; Nghd; W cghakw; w Jiwfshd tiuaWf; fg;gl; l

yq; fh n`h]; gpl;ly; tiuaWf; fg; gl; l n`hl; ly; mgptpUj; jpf; fk; gdp (nfhOk; G

`py; ld; ) `ahl; tjptplk; Nthl; lu;]; vl; []; fpuhz; l; xupad; ly; N`hl; ly; nrypq; Nfh

n`h]; gpl;ly; kw; wk; nkhgpl; ly; epWtdq; fspy; fhzg; gLk; mur KjyP Lfspy;

gbg; gbahf KOikahfNth my; yJ ghjpastpNyh tpLtpf; fg; gLk; . 2016 Mk; Mz; by;

nfhOk; G gq; Fr; re; ijapy; gl; bayplg; gl;L ,g; gl; bayply; %yk; cUthf; fg; gLk;

gzkhdJ fle; j uh[gf; ~ murhq; fj; jpdhy; cah; fpuaj; jpy; ngw; Wf; nfhs; sg; gl; l

fld; fspy; ,Ue; J tpLgLtjw;fhf gad; gLj; jg; gLk; . ,t; murhq; fj; jpd; cghakhdJxUgf; f rhh; ghdjy; y vd; gij typAWj; j tpUk; GfpNwd;. MfNt murhq; fkhd ,t;

cghakw; w nrhj; Jf; fspy; ,Ue; J tpLgLtjw; F gpd; epw;fg; Nghtjpy; iy. mNjNghy;

murhq; fkhdJ re; ijia mtjhdpj; J ehl; bd; nghUshjhu nfhs; ifAld; xj; Jg;

NghFk; cghafukhd cs; ehl; L ntspehl; Lr; nrhj; Jf; fspy; KjyP L nra; tjw; Fk;

gpd;epw;gjpy; iy.

392. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs yq; fh rNjhr epWtdkhdJ re;ijapy; tpiyfisg;

NgZtjw; fhd rpwg; ghdnjhU epWtdkhFk; . MapDk; mJ ,d; W &gh 8 gpy; ypad; fis

jpuz; l el; lj; Jld; nraw; gl; Lf; nfhz; bUf; fpd; wJ. ,jw; Fg; gpujhd fhuzk;

tq; fhsNjrpy; ,Ue; J xU fpNyh &gh 75 gb ,wf; Fkjp nra; J &gh 50 ,w; Fg;

tpw;gid nra; jJ Nghd; w tpNtfkw; w murpay; jP u;khhzq; fsht; Vw;gl; ljhFk; . yq; fh

rnjhr MdJ nghJ kf; fspd; tho; ifr; nryitf; Fiwg; gjw; fhd xU Fohahf

gad; gLj; jg; gly; Ntz; Lk;. yq; fh rnjhr epWtdj; ij kP s; fl; bnaOg; Gk; Kaw; rpapd;

Kjw; fl; lkhf mjd; fld; fs; kPs; xOq; FgLj; jg; gLk; . mNjNtis> gq; fPl;L

tiyaikg; ghdJ tp]; jupf; fg; gl; L tpw; gid epiyaq; fspd; vz; zpf; ifia 500 Mf

mjpfupg; gjw; fhf &gh 1000 kpy; ypad; fis xJf; Ftjw; F Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

393. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs mjp Ntfg; ghij kw; Wk; fl; Lehaf; f mjpNtfg; ghij

vd; gtw; wpw;F xU tpNrl Nehf; fj; jpw;fhd epWtdk; cUthf; f Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. ,t;tpNrl Nehf; fj; jpw;fhd epWtdj; jpy; (SPV) jdpahh; Jiwapdh; KjyP L nra; tjw; fhf

miof; fg; gLth; . mth; fspd; KjyP LfSf; fhd Fiwe; j gl; r jpUk;gYf; F murhq; fk;

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cj; juthjk; mspf; Fk; . ,k; KjyP l;bD}lhf cUthf; fg; gLk; epjpahdJ ehL ngw; Ws;s

fld; fspypUe; J tpLgLtjw; fhf gad; gLj; jg; gLk; .

394. Eiur; Nriy epyf; fhp kpd; epiyaj; jpidAk; gq;F re; ijf; F nfhz; Ltuf; $ba

tifapy; xU tpNrl Nehf; fj; Jf; fhd epWtdk; cUthf; fg; gLk; . ehd; typAWj; JtJ

vd;dntd; why; ,k; kpd; epiyaj; jpd; chpikapy; vt; tpj khw; wKk; Vw;gl khl; lhJ.

Mdhy; ,yq; if kpd; rhu rigapd; jputj; jd; ikahdJ NkYk; Nkk; gLj; jg; gLk; .

mjd; %yk; mjdJ eltbf; iffis tpupthf; fk; nra; aTk; KbAk; .

395. ,yq; if ngw; Nwhypaf; $l; Lj; jhgdkhdJ Vida ,uz; L jdpahh; jhgdq; fspdJk;

xj; Jiog; Gld; jw; NghJ Fiw gad; ghl; by; cs; s jpUNfhzkiy vz; nza; jhq;fp

gz; izia Kfhik nra; tjw; F xU fk; gdp cUthf; fg; gLk; . ,t; trjpahdJ

gpizf; fg; gl; l Rq; f fsQ; rpaq; fshf nraw; gLj; jg; gLk; .

396. nfsut rghehafu; mth; fNs> mjpNkjF rdhjpgjp kw; Wk; nfsut gpujku; MfpNahhpd;

mwpTWj;jy; fSf; F mikthf mur njhopy; Kaw; rpfs; ,af; Feh; rig mq; fj; jth; fs;

kw;Wk; jiyth; fs; rk; gsq; fs; kw; Wk; nfhLg; gdTfs; tiuaWf; fg; gLk; . ,J njhlu; gpy;

,jw; F Kd; du; toq; fg; gl; l mwpTUj; jy; fs; kPwg;gl; Ls; sd. vt; thwhapDk; 2016 rdtup1 Me; jpfjp jpiwNrupapdhy; ntspaplg; gLk; xOq; Ftpjpfs; fl; lhak; gpd; gw;wg;gLjy;

Ntz; Lk;.

tpkhd Nritj;Jiw

397. murhq; fkhdJ rfha nfhs; ifiag; gpd; gw;wp vt; tpj fl; Lg;ghLfSkw; w tpkhdg;

Nghf;Ftuj; J Nritf; fhd jpwe; j Mfhaf; nfhs; ifia Kd; dpWj; Jfpd; wJ. ,jd; %yk;

ru;tNjr tpkhd Nritfs; ,yq; ifia xU tpUg; Gj;jskhff; nfhs; SkhW miog; G

tpLf; fpd; Nwd;.

398. cs;@h; tpkhd Nritfis cWjpg; gLj; Jk; Kfkhf jpfd> gJis kw; Wk; Gj;jsk; Mfpa ,lq; fspy; %d; W cs; @h; tpkhd epiyaq; fis mur jdpahh; gq; Flikahf

cUthf; fg; gLk; .

399. nfsut rghehafu; mth; fNs> Mgphpf; fhTf; Fk; fpof; fhrpahTf; Fk; ,ilapy;

Fwpg;gpLk;gbahd tpkhdg; Nghf; Ftuj; J ,lk; ngWfpd; wJ. ,J ,d; Dk; 10 tUl

fhyj; jpy; Fwpg;gpLk;gbahd mstpy; tsu; r;rpailAk; . MfNt ,yq; if Rw; Wyh

Nkk;gLj; jy; gzpafk; rh; tNjr tpkhd NritfSld; ,ize; J ,g; gpuahzpfs; fpof; fpy;

,Ue; J Nkw; fpw;F gazpf; Fk; NghJ ,yq; ifapy; jupj; J nry; yf; $ba tifapy;

mth; fisf; ftUtjw; fhd cghaq; fis cUthf;FkhW ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

400. cs; @h; Rw;Wyhj; Jiwia Nkk; gLj; Jk; Nehf; fpy;> cs; @h; tpkhd epiyaq; fis

gad; gLj; Jk; tpkhd NritfSf; F ruf; Ffs; kw; Wk; gpuahzpfs; ifahy; if fl; lzk;

kw;Wk; Vida fl; lzq; fspy; ,Ue; J tpyf; fspf; f Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. mth; fs;

tUlhe; jk; &gh 1.5 kpy; ypad; mDkjpg; gj; jpuf; fl; lzj; ij nrYj; Jjy; Ntz; Lk;.

401. nfsut rghehafu; mth; fNs> 2016 Mk; Mz; bd; rdthp 1 Mk; jpfjpapypUe; J th; j; jf

tpkhdq; fs; kPjhd Nkyjpf Nritfs; mwtPLfis 20 rjtP jj; jpdhy; mjpfhpg; gjw; F

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

=yqfd tpkhd Nrit

402. nfsut rghehafu; mth; fNs> vkpNul; ]; ,lkpUe; J =yq; fd; tpkhd Nritapd;

Kfhikj; JtkhdJ kP z; Lk; ifNaw; fg; gl; l gpd; G mJ kpfTk; Nkhrkhd Kiwapy;

Kfhik nra; ag; gl; Ls; sJ. mjd; jw; Nghija fld; fshdJ &gh 158 gpy; ypad; fshf

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fhzg; gLfpd; wJ. ,jpy; 72 rjtP jk; fle;j Ml; rpapy; ,Wjp %d; W Mz; Lfspy;

ngw;Wf;nfhs; sg; gl; ljhFk; . ,J gpujhdkhf Coy; FLk; g Mjpf; fk; kw; Wk;

fPo;kl; lj; jpyhd Kfhik vd;gtw;wpdhy; Vw; gl; ljhFk; . ,J ehl; bd; tup

nrYj; Jdu; fSf; F nra; Ak; meP jpahFk; . kw; Wk; mth; fis juf; Fiwthf fUJtJkhFk; .

,f; fld;fspd; %yk; 45>000 g]; tz; bfSf; F 25 rfy trjpfisAk; nfhz; l

gy; fiyf; fofq; fs; > 40 rfy trjpfSld; $ba itj; jpa rhiyfs; kw; Wk; 48>000 Gjpa

tPLfisf; fl; Ltjw; F epjpaP l; lk; nra; jpUf; fyhk;. Jujph;~; ltrkhf =yq; fd; tpkhd

Nritapd; kPnsOr; rp nra; Ak; Kiwfs; kpf ke; jfjpapNy ,lk; ngWfpd; wJ.

403. nfsut rghehafu; mth; fNs> =yq; fd; tpkhd Nritia kWrP uikg; G nra; J

njhopy; td; ik nfhz; l cs; Sh; kw; Wk; ntspehl; L epGzu; fisf; nfhz; L Kfhik

nra; ag; gl; L ,yhgfukhd nray; ,lq; fSld; gpuhe;jpa tpkhd Nritahf kP s;

,izf; fg; gLk; .

404. =yq; fd; tpkhd Nritapy; vt; tpjkhd murpay; jiyaP LfSk; ,Uf; fhnjd; W ehd;

,g; ghUSkd; wj;jpw;F cWjpaspf; fpd; Nwd;. ,e; epWtdj; ij ehq; fs; ntw; wpfukhf ,yhgk;

ciof; Fk; kw; Wk; gpuhe;jpaj; jpy; Kd; khjphpahd Njrpa tpkhd Nritahfkhw;wpaikg; Nghk;. murhq; fk; kWrP uikg; G eltbf; iffspy; KO mu; g;gzpg; Gld;

nraw; gLtNjhL midj; J nghWg; Gf;fisAk; ,ja Rj; jpNahL epiwNtw; Wk;.

405. ruf; Ffs; kw; Wk; gpuahzpfs; ifahy; if kw; Wk; czT toq; fy; nraw; ghLfs;

ntt;Ntwhf fk; gdpfshf ,af; fg; ngw; W midj; J tpkhd NritfSf; Fk; Nritfis

toq; Fk; .

kp`pd yqfh

406. kp`pd; yq; fh tpkhd NritahdJ fle; j Ml; rpahsu; fspd; ,d; DnkhU epidTr;

rpd;dkhFk; . NkYk; mJ mur jpiwNrhpia cwpQ; rpf; Fbj;Jf; nfhz; bUf; fpwJ.ehq; fs; Vw;fdNt kP s; fl; likg; G jpl; lj; ij Muk; gpj;Js; Nshk; . kp`pd; yq; fhthdJ

RUf; fw;w Fiw fl;lz tpkhd Nritahf epiygLj; jg; gLk; . kp`pd; tpkhd

NritahdJ gpujhdkhf jdJ Njitfis cs; @h; topfspy; Nkw;nfhs; tNjhL njupT

nra; ag; gl; l rh; tNjr topfSf; F khj; jpuk; jdJ nraw; ghl; il kl; Lg;gLj; jpf; nfhs; Sk; .

kjjis tpkhd epiyak

407. kj; jis tpkhd epiyakhdJ fle; j murhq; fj; jpdhy; Vw;gLj; jg;gl; l xU mehtrpa

Kaw; rpahFk; . ,t; tpkhd epiyaj; ij eph; khzpg; gjw; fhf ngw; Wf;nfhz; l fldpd;

fhuzkhf ehlhdJ fld; neWf; fb epiyf; F js; sg; gl;Ls; sJ. kj;jis tpkhd

epiyaj; jpy; mur jdpahh; gq; Flikapd; fP o; kPnsOr;rp nra; tjpy; murhq; fk; ftdk;

nrYj; jpAs; sJ. ,jd; fP o; tpkhd epiyakhdJ tpkhd Xl; Leh; gapw; rp tpkhd ruf; F

fsQ; rpak; kw; Wk; ruf; Ffs; ,lk; efu; j; jy; Nritfs; vd; gtw; Wf;F gad; gLj; jg; gLk; .

408. kj;jis tpkhd epiyaj; ij tpkhdr; ruf; Ffs; ifahy; if kj; jpa epiyakhf

gad; gLj; Jtjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. ,e; eltbf; iffis Cf; Ftpf; Fk; Kfkhf

xU fp.fpuhKf; F 4 rj I.m. nlhyh;fis epiyahd fl; lzkhf mwtpLtjw; F

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

409. kj;jis tpkhd epiyaj; jpy; jdpahh; Jiwapdh; tpkhd Xl; Leh; gapw; rpf; fy; Y}hpkw;Wk; tpkhd guhkhpg; G kw;Wk; gq; Fghh;j; jy; trjpfis jdpahh; Jiwapdh;

cUthf; Ftij Cf; Ftpg; gjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

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tpidjjpwdhd r%fg ghJfhgG tiyaikgG

410. nfsut rghehafu; mth; fNs> gy; NtW fhuzq; fspdhy; r%fj; jpy; kpfTk; gytP dkhd

epiyapy; fhzg; gLk; mq; fj; jtu; fis ghJfhf; Fk; Nehf; fpy; ,t; murhq; fkhdJ ehl; by;

xU cWjpahd r%fg; ghJfhg; G kw;Wk; tiygpd; dy; nghwpKiwia

cWjpg; gLj; Jtjpy; jplrq; fw;gk; g+z; Ls; sJ. Fbj; njhFjpfSld; njhlHGgl; l mur

khdpaq; fshdJ vg;NghJk; mjpfupj; Jr; nrd; Ws;sJ. 2015 Mk; Mz; by; tuT

nryTj; jpl; lj; jpy; &gh 383 gpy; ypad; fshf fhzg; gl; l khdpaq; fs; 2016 Mk; Mz; by;

&gh 420 gpy; ypad; fshf mjpfhpg; gjw;F Kd; nkhopag; gl; Ls; sJ. ,f; Fbj; njhFjpfSld;

njhlHGgl; l khw; wy;fshtJ rKh; j; jp> cukhdpak; > Xa; t+jpak; Mfpa r%fg; ghJfhg; G

KiwikfisAk; cs; slf; fpajhFk; . gadhspfis milahsk; fhzg;gLtjpYs; s

xOq; fw;w jd; ik ,r; r%fg; ghJfhg; Gj; jpl; lq; fspy; KiwNfLfs; mjpfhpg; gjw; F

fhuzkhf cs; sNjhL gadhspfs; vz; zpf; ifia kl; Lg;gLj; Jtjw; Fk; fhuzkhf

cs; sJ.

411. ,e; epfo; r;rpj; jpl; lq; fis kP sha; T nra; tjw; fhd rhpahd Neuk; ,JthFk; vd ehd;

ek;Gfpd;Nwd;. nfsut rghehafu; mth; fNs> r%fg; ghJfhg; G epfo; r;rpj; jpl; lq;fspy;fhzg; gLk; ,uz; L Kf; fpa rpf; fy; fs; ahnjdpy; nghUj; jkhd gadhspfis

milahsk; fhzy; kw; Wk; jilfsw; w Kiwapy; ed; ikfs; gadhspfisr;

nrd; wiltjhFk; . ,t; tpuz; ilAk; r%f eyr; rl; lj; jpw;Fs; jP h;j; Jf; nfhs; syhk; .

,g; nghwpKiwia cWjpg; gLj; Jk; Nehf; fpy; vkJ r%fg; ghJfhg; G epfo; r;rpj; jpl; lq; fspy;

cs; thq; fg; glf; $ba cz; ikahd gq; fhspfis murhq; fk; milahsk; fhz; gjw; fhf

r%f tiyaikg; G nghwpKiwf; Fs; fpuhk Nrtfh; fSld; rpNul; l gpuirfs; fpuhk

Kf; fpa]; jh; fisAk; cs; slq; fr; nra; jy; Ntz; Lk;. midj; Jf; nfhLg; gdTfspYk;

ehl; bd; vy; yhg; gFjpfspYk; fpisfs; tiygpd; dy; trjpfs; nfhz;L tq; fp Kiwapd;

Clhf Nkw; nfhs; tjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. ,k; KiwahdJ Xustpyhdntspg; gilahd KiwikahFk; . ,J eyd; fs; vt; tpjj; jilaP Lfs; > ifahly; fs;

kw;Wk; Coyw; w Kiwapy; gadhspfSf; F fpilf; fr; nra; tij cWjpnra; Ak;.

412. vkJ murhq; fj; jpd; ek;gpf; if vd;dntd; why; midj; J R%fg; ghJfhg; G epfor; rpj;

jpl; lq; fSk; cs; ehl; L mYty; fs; mikr; rpd; fP o; xU epWtdj; jpdhy; fz; fhzpg; Gr;

nra; ag; gly; Ntz; Lk;.

413. ,r; nrad; Kiwapd; Clhf vkJ r%fj; jpy; fhzg; gLk; cz; ikahd eype; jth; fSf; F

NkYk; eyd; fis ngw; Wf;nfhLg; gjw; F toptFg; gNjhL kuG hP jpahf gytP dh;fshf

fUjg; gLk; mq; ff; FiwghL> RftP dk; > fy; tpf; fhd MjuT kw; Wk; KjpNahh; eyd;

nfhLg; gdT Nghd; wtw; Wf;F Nkyjpfkhf vkJ r%fg; ghJfhg; G tiyaikg; gpy; Gjpa

fhuzq; fshy; Njhd; Wk; mjhtJ njhopy; fis ,oe; jth; fisAk; Nrh; j; Jf; nfhs; tjw; F

tha; g;G mspf;fg; gLk; .

mur epjp

414. nfsut rghehafu; mth; fNs> midj; J mur nfhs; tdTfs; njhlh; ghfTk; fLikahd

xOq; Ftpjpfs; mKy; gLj; jg; gLk; . nfsut gpujkhpdhy; ,r; rigapy; Kd; itf; fg; gl; l

nfhs; ifg; gpuflzj; jpd; gb kj; jpa ngWiffs; nrayfk; cUthf; fg; gLk; . ,J

midj; J Nfs; tp kD mspg; Gf;fisAk; Nkw;ghh;it nra; tNjhL Fwpg; gpl;l ngWkjpf; FNkyhd midj; J nfhs; tdTfisAk; ifahYk; .

415. fle; j rpy tUlq; fshf gy fUj; jpl; lq; fs; ntspg; gilahd kw; wk; jpwe; j Nghl; b

mbg; gilapyhd ngWif nrad; Kiwf; F khw; wkhf miof; fg; glhj Kd; nkhopTfshfNt

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mKy; gLj; jg; gl; Ls; sd. ,e; epiy fhuzkhf murhq; fkhdJ rpy fUj; jpl; lq; fSf; F

mjp$ba fl; lzq; fis nrYj; jNtz; b Vw; gl; lJ. murhq; f tpiy kDf; fSf; F

tpz; zg; gpg;gJ njhlh; ghf jdpahh; fk; gdpfs; kw; Wk; xg; ge;jf; fhuh;fis

mwpt+l;Ltjw; fhf xU FO mikf; fg; gLk; .

416. nfsut rghehafu; mth; fNs> ehd; kP z; Lk; $w tpUk; GtJ vd; dntd; why; jpiwNrhp

nrayhsUf; F KOikahfNth my; yJ ghhpastpy; chpj; jhd ve; jNthU fk; gdpAk;

my; yJ mur njhopy; Kaw; rpAk; jpiwNrhp nrayhshpd; vOj; jpyhd mDkjpapd; wp

Jizf; fk; gdpfspy; kw; Wk; ,ize; j fk; gdpfspy; KjyP Lfis Nkw; nfhs; s KbahJ.

mNjNghy; ve; jnthU mikr; Rk; my; yJ jpizf; fsKk; jpiwNrhpapd; nrayhshpdhy;

vOj; jpyhd mDkjpapd; wp ve;jnthU fk; gdpapYk; KjyP L nra; a KbahJ.

417. nfsut rghehafu; mth; fNs> tpiy kDf; Nfhuy; eltbf;if njhlh; ghd fl; lzq; fspy;

khw;wj;ij Vw; gLj; j ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

418. mikr; Rf;fs; kw; Wk; jpizf; fsq; fspy; fhzg; gLk; gpj; jis nrg; G kw;Wk; ,Uk; G

kw;Wk; ghtpf; fg; glhj midj; J nghUl; fSk; ntspg; gilahd tpiykDf; Nfhuy;

my; yJ Vykply; %yk; tpw; gid nra; ag; gly; Ntz; Lk;.419. gy; NtWgl; l murhq; f epWtdq; fspdhYk; tpjpf; fg; gLk; gy; NtWgl; ll fl; lzq; fs;

kw;Wk; mwtP Lfis xt; nthU %d; W tUlj; jpw;F xUKiw kP sha; T nra; AkhW

midj; J gpujhd fzf; fPl;L cj; jpNahfj; ju; fs; kw; Wk; fzf; fPl; L

cj; jpNahfj; jh; fisAk; nghJj; Jiw epWtdq; fspYs; s tUkhdf; fzf; fPl; L

mjpfhupfisAk; Ntz; bf; nfhs; fpd; Nwd;.

420. nfsut rghehafu; mth; fNs> murhq; nrhj; Jf; fshdJ Kiwahf Kfhik

nra; ag; gLtjpy; iy. MfNt mur epjpj; jpizf; fsj; jpy; xU Njrpa nrhj; Jf; fs;

,lhg; G xd; iw NgZtjw; F Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

421. nfsut rghehafu; mth; fNs> tuT nryTj; jpl; l mKy; gLj; jyhdJ Nkk; gLj; jg; gly; Ntz; Lk;. 2016 Mk; Mz; L rdthpapy; ,Ue; J midj; J mikr; Rf;fSk; tuT

nryTj; jpl; l mKyhf; fiy fz; fhzpf; Fk; gb Ntz; bf; nfhs; tNjhL xJf; fPl;Lf; F

Nkyjpfkhf vt; tpj mh; g;gzpg; Gf;fis Nkw; nfhs; sg; glhJ vd; gij cWjp nra; J

xJf; fg; gl; Ls; s xt; nthU &ghtpy; ,Ue; J kf; fSf; F mjpfgl; r ed; ikia ngw; Wf;

nfhLf; f Ntz; Lk;.

422. nfsut rghehafu; ; mth; fNs> murpiw Kfhikj; Jt (nghWg; Gr;) rl; lj; jpd; fP o;

cj; juthj tiuaiwfis eilKiwapYs; s 7 rjtP j nkh.c. cw; gj; jpapid 10

rjtP kjhf mjpfhpg; gjw;Fk; > 50 rjtP jj; jpw;F Fiwthd murhq; fg; gq; Flikapidf;

nfhz; l murhq; f jdpahu; gq; FlikfSf; F cj; juthjq; fis toq; Ftjw; F KbAkhf

,Uf; Fk; . fl; lz mbg;gilapy; jpiwNrup cj; juthjq; fis toq; Ftjw; F KbAkhd

tifapy; ,jw; fhd xOq; Ftpjpfs; tpepNahfpf; fg; gLk; .

jpiwNrhp nrawghLfis Nkk; gLjjy;

423. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> ehl; bd; tUkhdj; jpid mjpfhpg; gjpy; ehq; fs;

mh;g;gzpg; Gld; nraw; gLfpd; Nwhk;. Rq; fk; > fyhy; > cs; ehl; L ,iwthp kw; Wk; tpiykjpg; G

midj; J tUkhdj; Jld; njhlh; G tplaq; fisAk; ghprPyid nra; tjw; fhf jpiwNrhpapy;

tUkhd tpidj; jpwd; kw; Wk; ghprPyid mynfhd; iw ]; jhgpg;Nghk;.424. cs; ehl; L ,iwthpj; jpizf; fskhdJ> jw; NghJs; s fl; llj; jpy; fhzg; gLk; . ,lg;

gw;whf;Fiw fhuzkhf jdJ eltbf;iffis tphpthf;fp nraw; gLtjhy; gy

rpf;fy; fis vjph; Nehf;fpAs; sJ. mjid epth; j; jp nra; AKfkhf ,iwthpj; jpizf; fsk;

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87

fyhy; jpizf; fsk; > jghy; jpizf; fsk; kw; Wk; Njrpanyhj;jh; rig vd; gtw; iw xNu

$iuapd; fPo; nfhz; L tUtjw; fhf Xh; etP dkakhd fl; llk; jpUg; Nghyp re; ijapy;

eph;khzpf; fg; gLk; . ,e; Nehf;fj; Jf; fhf &gh 2>000 kpy; ypad; fis xJf; Ftjw; F Kd;

nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

425. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> murpayikg; gpd; 148 MtJ cWg; Giuapd; gb mur epjp

njhlh; ghd g+uz mjpfhuk; ghuhSkd; wj;jpw;Nf chpajhFk; . gy mur jpuz; l epjpf; F

ntspNa mikr; rh;fs; / jpizf; fsq; fs; kw; Wk; murnjhopy; Kaw; rpfs; gy epajpr;

rl; lky; yh epjpfis cUthf; fp mit jdpg; gl; l epWtdq; fspy; Kfhik

nra; ag; gLtNjhL> mtw; wpd; nfhLg; gdTfs; kw; Wk; ngWtdTfs; njhlh; ghf

ghuhSkd; wj;jpw;F vt; tpj fl; Lg;ghLk; ,y; iy.

426. midj; J mur epjpfSk; ghuhSkd; wj;jpd; fl; Lg;ghl; bd; fP o; cs; sJ vd; gij

Vw;fdNt cUthf; fg; gl; Ls; s elgb Kiwfspd; fP o; cWjpg; gLj; JKfkhf midj; J

epajpr; rl; lky; yh epjpfisAk; kPsha; T nra; tjw; F Kd; nkhoptNjhL> ,j; jifa

epjpfspy; nkhj; jkhf &gh 80 gpy; ypad; fs; fhzg; gLfpd; wd. ,t; thwhd kP sha; tpd;

%yk; eilKiwr; r+o; epiyapy; ,j; jifa epjpfspd; ,Ug; G mtrpakh vd; gij mwpe; Jnfhs; syhk; . NkYk; > mt; thwhd epjpfspd; ,Ug; ghdJ ,d; wpaikahjJ vdf;

fhzg; gbd; me; epjpfs; jw; Nghija mtrpak; gpujpgypf; Fk; tifapy; epajpr; rl; lk;

khw;wg;gLk; . ,jd; %yk; > midj; J epjpfspdJk; ngWtdTfs; kw; Wk; nfhLg; gdTfs;

ghuhSkd; wf; fl; Lg;ghl;bd; fP o; nfhz; Ltug; gLk; .

427. nfsutrghehafh; mth; fNs> 2014 brk; gh; khjk; 31 Mk; jpfjp tiu gy tUlq; fshf

gy; tifahd nghUl; fis nfhs; tdT nra; tjw; fhfTk; > Nritfis ngw; Wf;

nfhz; ljw; fhfTk; nrYj; jg; gl Ntz; ba kPjpfs; kw; Wk; jP h;f;fg; glhj Kd; itg; Gf;fs; .

,itfs; 2011 Mk; Mz; L Nghd; w Kd; ida fhyg; gFjpapy; ,Ue; J murhq; f

epWtdq; fspdhy; rpwpa mstpyhd eph; khzq; fisAk; > kw;Wk; ghhpa mstpyhdeph;khzq; fisAk; > nfhz; l cl; fl; likg; Gf; fUj; jpl; lq; fSf; fhd nfhLg; gdTfshff;

fhzg; gLfpd; wd. ,j; jifa nrYj; jg; gl gd; Kfg; gLj; jg; gl Ntz; ba kP jpfspd;

cz; ikj; jd; ikia cWjp nra; AKfkhf Xa; T ngw; w mikr; Rf;fSf; fhd

nrayhsh; fisf; nfhz; lFOnthd; iwcUthf; fmjd; %yk; epYitahfTs; s xg; ge;j

mh;g;gzpg; Gf;fs; njhlh; ghd ghpe; Jiufis ngw; Wf; nfhLg; gjw; F epakpf; f Kd;

nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

428. gy fhuzq; fSf; fhf ntspehl; L epjpfspd; gad; ghlhdJ kpfTk; gpd ; js; sg; gl; Ls; sJ.

nra; Kiw g+h; j; jp nra; ag; gLtjw; F 5 - 6 khjq; fs; vLf; fpd; wd. ,g; gpd;dzpapy; epjp

mikr; Rf;F NkYk; rl; l hP jpahd cWjpg; ghl; ilngw; Wf; nfhLf; Fk; Kfkhf rl;lkh

mjpgh; jpizf; fsj; jpy; ,Ue; J %d; W mjpfhhpfis epjp mikr; Rf;F tpLtpf; FkhWk;

rl; lkh mjpghplk; nfsutkhff; Nfl; Lf; nfhs; fpd; Nwd;.

429. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> ,yq; ifapy; mur Jiw epjp KiwikahdJ

njhlh;r; rpahf rpf; fyhd tplakhf khwptUfpd; wJ. mur epjp KfhikahdJ

murhq; fj; jpd; kpfTk; Kf; fpakhd Kd; Dhpikahf khwp tUfpd; wJ. mur epjpj; Jiw

mjpfhhpfSf; F mtrpakhd Kaw; rpfis mspg; gjw; fhd xU njhopy; hPjpahd epWtdk;

fhzg; glhik xU FiwghlhFk; . ,d; W tiu vkJ ehl; by; mur epjp Kfhikj; Jtk;

njhlh; ghf njhopy; rhh; jifikfisg; ngw; Wf; nfhLg; gjw; F xU rhpahd nghwpKiwfhzg; glhikahdJ kpf Kf; fpakhd xU FiwghlhFk; . ,jd; tpisthf mur Jiw

epjp Kfhik mjpfhhpfs; jkJ njhopy; hPjpahd jifikfis jdpahh; Jiw epjp

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88

Kfhikahsh; fSf; F gapw; rpaspf; Fk; cah; njhopy; fy; tp epWtdq; fspNy

ngwNtz; bAs; sJ.

430. ,g; gpd;dzpapy; > mur Jiwf; fzf; fhsh; fspd; njhopy; ; hPjpahd jifikfis ngw; Wf;

nfhLf; ff; $ba fy; tp epWtfnkhd; iw epjp mikr; rpd; fP o; cUthf; Ftjw; F &gh 50

kpy;ypad; fis xJf; Ftjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

431. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> jpiwNrhpapd; eltbf; iffs; jw; NghJ tphpthf; fk;

mile; Js; sJ. mjdhy; > tpidj; jpwdhd gq; fspg; Gf;fis nra; tjw; F tpNrl

jpizf; fsq; fs; mtrpakhfpd; wJ. MfNt> ehq; fs; jpiwNrhpapy; %yjdr; re; ij

eltbf; iffis top elhj; Jtjw; Fk; > jdpahh; Jiwkw; Wk; murhq; fj; jpw;fpilapy;

njhlh; gpid cUthf; Ftjw; fhfTk; ,uz; L jpizf; fsq; fs; cUthf; fg; gLk; .

432. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> vkJ ehl; bw;F nghUj; jkhd ,l Kfhikj; Jtf;

nfhs; if xd; W vk; kplk; ,y; iy. Mjyhy; > nghJj; Jiw Nrit toq; fyhdJ. nghpJk;

ghjpf; fg; gl; Ls; sJ. mfNt> murhq;f fhhpahyaq; fspy; rpwg; ghd ,l

Kfhikj; Jtj; jpid cWjpg; gLj; Jk; Kfkhf ,l Kfhikj; Jt myfpid

cUthf; Ftjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

nghJ eph; thfk

433. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> ,t; turhq; fkhdJ> ehl; bd; murhq; f Copah; fs; Rje; jpuk;

kw;Wk; nfsutk; Mfpatw; iw cWjpg; gLj; Jtjw; F cWjp mspf; fpd; wJ. xU

Rje;jpukhd mur Nrit Mizf; FOnthd; W epakpf; fg;gl; Ls; sJ. murpay;

kakhf; fg; gl; l mur Jiw vd;gJ ,we; j fhytplakhFk; .

434. ,yq; if tuyhw; wpy; mur Copah; fSf; F mjp $ba rk; gs mjpfhpg; ghd 10>000 &ghit

toq; Ftjhf cWjp mspj; jpUe; Njhk; . mNj Nghy ehq; fs; mt; TWjpnkhopia

epiwNtw; wpNdhk;. ,J murCopah; fs; jkJ Nritfis ngw; Wf; nfhLg; gjw; fhdNeukhFk; . vkJ kf; fspd; vjph; ghh;g;Gf;fs; epiwNtw; wg;gly; Ntz; Lk;. ehd; ftiyAld;

$wpf; nfhs; s tpUk; GtJ vd; dntd; why;> mur Jiw Nrit toq; fyhdJ> fP o;

kl;lj; jpNyNa fhzg; gLfpd; wJ. ,J rP h; nra; ag; gly; Ntz; Lk;. cw; gj; jpj; jpwdhdJ

njhlh; e;Jk; rpf; fyhfNt fhzg; gLfpd; wJ. mJ ehl; bd; KO nkhj; j nghUshjhu

tsh; r;rpiaAk; ghjpj; Js; sJ. cj; Ntfkhf nrayhw; wf; $ba mur gzpj; JiwNa

vg;NghJk; vjph; fhy nraw; ghlhf ,Uj; jy; Ntz; Lk;.

435. ,e; jg; gpd; dzpapy; > Nkyjpf Mszpapdiuf; nfhz; l epWtdq; fspy; ,Ue; J

Copah; fis ngw; W xU mur Copah; FOkk; xd; iw cUthf; fp Copah; fs; FOkk;

xd; iw cUthf; fp Copah; fs; gw; whf;Fiwahd epWtdq; fSf; F tpLtpf; fgg; gLth; .

436. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> murhq; fkhdJ thfdq; fis nfhs; tdT nra; jy; kw; Wk;

guhkhpj;jYf; F ngUksT gzj; ij nryT nra; fpd; wJ. MfNt thfdq; fs; nfhs; tdT

nra; tjw; F gjpyhf nraw; ghl; L Fj; jif mbg; gilapy; thfdq; fis ngw; Wf;

nfhs; tjw; F Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. ,jd; NghJ Fj; jifapy; guhkhpg;Gr; nryT> fhg; GWjp>

fl; lzk; kw; Wk; thfdk; njhlh; ghd Vida fl; lzq; fisAk; mtNu nrYj; j Ntz; Lk;.

vt; thwhapDk; > jdJ nrhe; j thfdj; ij ghtpf; f tpUk; Gk; mur Copah; fSf; F mjp

$ba nfhLg; gdthf vhpnghUs; nfhLg; gdtpw; F Nkyjpfkhf khjhe; jk; &gh 50>000

ngw;Wf; nfhLf; fg; gLk; . ,e; j Gjpa KiwahdJ tUlhe; jk; &gh 10>000 kpy;ypaidNrkpf; f cjTk; .

437. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> mur Jiw Nrit toq; fyhdJ vt; tpj gaidAk;

jUtjhf ,y; iy. mur epWtdq; fSf;FtUk; fbjq; fs; gjpy; mspf; fg; glhky; gy

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89

khjq; fshf fplf; fpd; wd. MfNt> fpilf; fg; ngw;w fbjq; fSf; F 5 Ntiyehl; fSf; Fs;

njhpag; gLj; jy; Ntz; Lk;. ,J nghJ eph; thf kw; Wk; nghJ Kfhikj; Jt mikr; rpdhy;

fz; fhzpf; fg; gLk;.

438. ntspehLfspy; fhzg; gLk; vkJ J}juhyaq; fs; cWjpg;gLj;jg; gly; Ntz; Lk;.

,j; J}juhyaq; fs; Nritnra; Ak; Copah; fSf; F tphpthd gapw; rpfis ngw; Wf;

nfhLg; gjw; F Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. mNj Nghy J}Jth; Nrit mjpfhhpfs;

Foe; ijfSf;F fy; tp fw; gpg;gjw;fhd nrytpy; 75 rjtP jj; ij murhq; fk; nghWg; Ngw;Wf;

nfhs; tNjhL> 25 rjtP jj; ij Copah; fs; jhq; fpf; nfhs; sNtz; Lk;. KjyhtJ

Foe; ijapd; ,uz; lhk; epiyf; fy; tpf; fhd KOr; nrytpidAk; ,uz; lhtJ Foe; ijapy;

,Ue; J 80 rjtP jj; ij murhq; fk; nghWg;Ngw;gjw; Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. ,jw; fhf &gh

150 kpy; ypad; fis xJf; fPL nra; fpd; Nwd;.

439. mur Jiw gjtpazpahdJ etP d cyfpy; Kd; itf; fg; gLk; gy rthy; fis Kfk;

nfhLg; gjw; Fj; jahh; ,y; iy vd; gjid ehd; fhz; fpd; Nwd;. MfNt> mur Jiw

gjtpazpahdJ xt; nthU 5 tUl fhyg; gFjpapy; kPsha; T nra; ag; gly; Ntz; Lk;

vd; gJ vkJ murhq; fj; jpd; fUj; jhFk; .440. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> Nkhl; lhul; irf; fpy;fis nfhs; tdT nra; tjw; fhf

Kw;gzk; nrYj; jpa midj; J mur Copau; fSf; Fk; mit ngw; Wf; nfhLf; fg; gLk;

vd;gjid ehd; njuptpj; Jf; nfhs; s tpUk; Gfpd;Nwd;.

441. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> [_iy Ntiy gfp~; fhpg;ghsh; fSf; F xU Kiwf;

nfhLg; gdthf &gh 250>000 I toq; Ftjw; F Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

ejpjJiw

442. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> vkJ eP jp kd; wq;fs; gy tUlq; fshf fhzg; gLk;

tof; Ffspdhy; epuk;gp topfpd; wd. ,e; epiyikahdJ midj; J eP jp kd; wq;fspYk; fhzg; gLtNjhL> jP h;g;GfSk; fhyjhkjkhfpd; wd. “fhyjhkjkhd eP jp> epuhfhpf;fg; gl; l

ePjpahFk; ” ; . ehq; fs; th; j; jf eP jp kd; wq;fspd; nraw; ghLfis Jhpjg; gLj; jpNdhk; . th; j; jf

ePjp kd; wq;fs; KjyP l; Lr; R+oiy Nkk; gLj; Jtjpy; rpwg;ghd gq; fspg; ig nra; Js; sJ.

tof; Ffis Jhpjg; gLj; jp Mff; Fiwe; jJ 6 khjq; fSf; Fs; jP h;g;gpid toq; Ftjw; F

th; j; jf eP jp kd; wq;fis ehd; Nfl; Lf;nfhs; fpd; Nwd;. ,e; j tifapy; nrtpg; Gy

gjpTfisg; gad; ;gLj; jp jd; dpaf; f tof; F Kfhikj; jJt KiwikapidAk; ePjpkd; w

epUthfj; jpidAk; Nkk; gLj; Jtjw; Fk; mjw; fhf &gh 500 kpy; ypaid xJf; fPL

nra; tjw; Fk; ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.443. nfsut rghehafu; mth; fNs> jw; NghJ vkJ ePjpkd; wq;fs; xU ehisf; F ,UKiw

$Lk; Kiwikia nfhz; ljhf ,y; iy. xUehisf; F ,UKiw tof; Ffis tprhhpf; Fk;

Kiwikia mwpKfk; nra; tjd; %yk; Njq; fpf; fplf; Fk; tof; Ffis tpiuthf

jPu;f; fyhk; .

444. jw;NghJ fhzg; gLk; rl; lq; fspy; Nkw;nfhs; sg; gl Ntz; ba jpUj; jq; fis milahsk;

fhZk; gb ehd; ePjpaikr; ir Ntz; bf; nfhs; fpd; Nwd;. rl; l kWrP uhf;fq; fSf; fhf &gh

500 kpy; ypad; fis xJf; fPL nra;tjw; F Kd; tUfpd; Nwd;.

445. ePjpj; Jiw gapw; rp epWtfj; jpd; ,aysit fl; bnaOg; Gtjw; F &gh 500 kpy; ypad; fis

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. ,jd; %yk; ePjpj; Jiw Copau; fspd; vz; zpf; if mjpfhpj; jy; rl; ;lkh mjpgu; fhupahyak; > rl; l tiuTfs; kw; Wk; mur gFg; gha; T jpizf; fsk;

vd; gtw; wpd; ,aysT fl; bnaOg; gg;gLk; .

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446. ,yq; if xU kj; jpa]; j kj; jpa epiyakhf mikg; gjw; F mtrpakhd cl; fl; likg; G

trjpfs; fhzg; gLfpd; wJ vd ehd; ek; Gfpd;Nwd;. ehd; mjpfhhpfsplj; jpy;

Ntz; bf; nfhs; tJ vd; dntd; why; fhzg; gLk; cl; fl; likg; G trjpfis gad; gLj; jp

gpzf; F jPu; Tfs; kw; Wk; kj; jpa]; j nraw; ghLfis Jupjg; gLj; Jtjw; F mtrpa

eltbf; iffis vLf; FkhW Ntz; bf; nfhs; fpd; Nwd;.

Xat+jpa epjpfs

447. Xa;Tngw; w njhopw; gil mq; fj; jth; fs; mth; fspd; RWRWg; ghd Ntiyf; fhyj; jpy;

mth; fs; ehl;bd; mgptpUj; jpf; F nra; j gq; fspg; ig fUj; jpw;nfhz; L mth; fSila

vQ;rpa tho; f; iff; fhyj; ij kpfTk; re; Njhrkhd #oypy; fopg; gij murhq; fk; cWjp

nra; jy; Ntz; Lk;. 2014 Mk; Mz; bd; NghJ ehl; ;by; 168>900 mq; fj; jtu; fisf; nfhz; l

156 mDkjpf; fg; gl; l Nrkyhg epjpfs; kw; Wk; gq; fspg; G nra; Ak; Xa; t+jpa Kiwfs;

fhzg; gLfpd; wd. 2014 Mk; Mz; bd; ,Wjpapd; NghJ ,tw; wpd; nkhj; j nrhj; Jf; fs;

kw;Wk; KjyP l;bd; ngWkjpahdJ KiwNa &gh 151 gpy; ypad; kw; Wk; 115

gpy;ypad; fshFk; .

448. njhopy; Mizahshpdhy; Kfhik nra; ag; gLk; mq; fPfhpf;fg; gl; l Nrkyhg epjpaq; fs;

kw;Wk; gq; fspg; Gr; nra; Ak; Xa; t+jpaj; jpl; lq; fspd; xOq; FgLj; jy; kw; Wk;

Nkw;ghh;itfs; eypthdjhff; fhzg; gLfpd; wJ. mjdhy; ,t; thwhd epjpfspd;

mq; fj; jth; fspd; Nrkpg; Gf;fshdJ Mgj; jhd epiyapy; fhzg; gLfpd;wJ. MfNt>

,j; jifa epjpfspd; ghJfhg; ig cWjpg; gLj; JKfkhf ntspg; gilahd epUthf

juq; fSld; $ba Gjpa Nkw;ghh; it kw; Wk; xOq; FgLj; jy; Kiwikfs;

Njitg; gLfpd; wJ. mjdhy; ,t; Xa; t+jpa epjpaq; fis xOq; FgLj; Jtjw; F ,yq; if

xOq; FgLj; jy; epWtfnkhd; wpw;F rhl; l tpUk; Gfpd;Nwd;. Xa; t+jpa epjpaq; fis

xOq; FgLj; Jtjw; F mtrpakhd rl; lthf; fq; fis mwpKfg; gLj; Jtjw; F ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

449. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> murhq; fj; jpd; jw; nghOJ fhzg; gLk; epjpaspf; fg; glhj

Xa;t+jpa Kiwikapd; fP o; Xa; t+jpaj; jpw;fhd nrytpdk; fle; j tUlq; fspd; NghJ

Fwpg;gplj; jf;fsT mjpfupj; Js; sJ. mjpfupj; JtUk; KjpNahu; rdj; njhif kw; Wk;

mjDld; njhlu; ghd mgptpUj;jpfs; ,t; tplaj; jpid NkYk; Nkhrkhf; fpAs; sJ.

,jdhy; jw; nghOJ fhzg; gLk; Xa; t+jpaj; jpid kP s; kjpg; gPL nra;a Ntz; baJ

Kjd; ikahdjhFk; . vdNt jw; nghOJ fhzg; gLk; Xa; t+jpa Kiw jw; nghOJ

Nritahw; Wfpd;w Copau; fSf; F njhlu; e;J eilKiwg; gLj; jg; gLtJld; 2016 rdtup 1Mk; jpfjpapypUe; J Gjpjhf murhq; fj; Jiwf; F Nru; j; Jf; nfhs; sg; gLk; Copau; fSf; F

Gjpa gq; fspg; G Xa; t+jpaj; jpl; lnkhd; W mwpKfg; gLj; jg; gLtJld; mtu; fsJ

,isg; ghwypd; NghJ Xa; t+jpak; cWjpg; gLj;jg; gLk; . ,t; thwhd gq; fspg; G murhq; f

Xa;t+jpa epjpf; F mDg; gpitf; fg; gLk; .

450. gpujku; mtuJ nghUshjhu nfhs; iff; $w; wpy; Fwpg; gpl;ljd; gpufhuk; Copa Nrkyhg

epjp kw; Wk; Copau; ek; gpf;if nghWg; G epjpak; Mfpa ,uz; Lk; xd; wpizf; fg; gl

cs; sJ. mj; jifa cghankhd; W murhq; fj; jpw;Fk; njhopw; rq; fq; fSf; Fk; ,ilapy;

,zf; fg; ghL fhzg; gLfpd; w re; ju;g;gj; jpy; khj; jpuk; mKy; gLj; jg; gLk; vd; gjid

,g; ghuhSkd; wj;jpw;F ehd; mwptpf; f tpUk; Gfpd;Nwd;.

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91

451. Copau; Nrkyhg epjpaj; jpd; cWg; gpdu;fs; khjnkhd; Wf;F 100 &ghtpid gq;fspg; ghf

nrYj; Jtjd; %yk; mth; fsJ rpWtu; fSf; F (18 taJ tiu) tpgj; J> jP uhj Neha;

kw;Wk; rj; jpurpfpr;ir vd; gtw; iw cs; slf; fpa Rfhjhu fhg; GWjpahf Mff; $baJ

150>000 &ghtpid toq; Ftjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

kfspu tYt+lly

452. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> vkJ rdj; njhifapy; miuthrpf; F mjpfkhff;

fhzg; gLk; ngz; fs; Njapiy gwpj; jy; > Mil ijj; jy; kw; Wk; ntspehl; L

Ntiytha; g;G vd vkJ nghUshjhuj; jpd; gpujhd Jiwfspy; <Lgl; Ls; sdu; . vdpDk;

vkJ ehl; bYs; s rl; lthf; f rigfspy; mth;fsJ gpujpepjpj; Jtk; kpfTk; Fiwthff;

fhzg; gLfpd; wJ. vdNt vkJ murhq; fk; Nju; jy; %yk; njupT nra; ag; gl; l murpay;

epWtdq; fspy; ngz; fspd; gpujpepjpj; Jtj; ij 25 rjtP jkhf mjpfupg; gjw; F

Kd; nkhope;Js; sJ.

tpahghu nradKiw KfhikjJtjjpy Mwwypid mjpfupjjy453. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> tpahghur; nray; Kiw Kfhikj; Jtj; JiwahdJ 2016

,y; Vw;Wkjp tUkhdj; jpid 1 kpy; ypad; I.m. nlhyuhf nfhz; bUg; gJld; 2020

mstpy; 100>000 Copau;fisf; nfhz; bUf; Fk; mNjNtis> Vw;Wkjp tUkhdkhf 5

gpy;ypad; I.m. nlhyiu nfhz; bUf; Fnkd kjpg; gplg;gl; Ls; sJ. ,yq; if cyf

jug; gLj; jypy; fle; j %d; W tUlq; fshf njhlu; e;Jk; Kjy; 25 MtJ ,lj; jpy;

,Ug; gjhf v.hp Nfu; zp jug; gLj; jpAs; shu;. fhh; l; dh; ,yq; ifapid cyfpy; Kjy; 30

MtJ ,lj; jpypUg;gjhf jug; gLj; jpAs; shu; .

454. Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l ,yf; fpid miltjw; F vkJ ehL jpwikAs; s jfty; njhopy; El; g

njhopy; Gupeu;fs; gyiu Ntz; b epw;fpd; wJ. ,e; jtifapy; jfty; njhopy; El; ggy; fiyf; fofq; fs; cs; slq; fyhf ru; tNjr mq; fPfhuk; ngw; w jfty; njhopy; El; g

fy; tp epiyaq; fSf; F ehd; miog; G tpLg; gJld; mtw; Wf;F tupr; rYiffis

toq; Ftjw; Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. ,g; gy; fiyf; fofq; fs; jdpahu; murhq; f gq; fspg; G

Vw;ghLfis Nkw; nfhs; s Ntz; Lnkd; gJld; murhq; fk; fhzp kw; Wk; Vida

cl; fl; likg; G trjpfis gq; fspg; ghf toq; Fk; .

455. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> ,yq; if jfty; njhopy; El; g> tpahghur; nrad; Kiw

Kfhikj; Jtf; ifj; njhopypid juk; Fiwthf nraw; gLj; Jfpd; wJ vd; gJ

gpioahdjhFk; . vkJ ehL tpahghuk; kw; Wk; ifj; njhopypy; cz; ikahd Mw; wypid

ntspg; gLj; jfpd; wJ vd; gij ehk; cyfpw; F vLj; Jf; fhl; l Ntz; ba re; ju;g;gk;

,JthFk; . vdNt> jfty; njhopy; El; g Jiwapy; Kd; Ndw;wj;jpw;fhd tha; g;Gfis

Vw;gLj; jpf; nfhLg; gjw; F ehL ru; tNjr gpur; rhuk; kw; Wk; Kd; Ndhb nraw; ghLfis

Nkw;nfhs;tjw; fhf Vw; Wkjp mgptpUj; jp rigapd; %yk; &gh 100 kpy; ypaid my; yJ

gpur;rhu eltbf; iffspd; nkhj; jr; nrytpdj; jpy; 50 rjtP jj; jpid toq; Ftjw; F

Kd; nkhopag; gl; Ls; sJ. mNjNeuk; SLSSCOM NkYk; 100 kpy; ypaid toq; Ftjw; fhd

Kaw; rpfis Nkw; nfhs; Sk; . SLSSCOM mYtyu; fs; kw; Wk; murhq;f mYtyu; fis

cs; slf; fpa Nkw; ghu;itf; FOnthd; W ,r; nraw; ghLfis fz; fhzpg; gjpy; <LgLk; .

456. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> Gj; jhf; fk; kw; Wk; njhopy; Kaw; rpahd;ik ,d;wpnghUshjhu tsu; r;rp mila KbahJ. Gj; jhf; f rpe; jidAs; s vkJ ,sk; gl; ljhupfs;

,yq; ifapy; %yjdj; jpidg; ngw; Wf;nfhs; tJ fbdkhd tplakhFk;. mtu; fspy;

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92

ngUk; ghyhdtu; fspd; fUj; Jf; fs; tu; j; jf uP jpahd njhopy; Kaw; rpfshf

khw;wg;gLtjpy; iy. vdNt %yjdg; gw; whf;Fiwapid eP f;Ftjw; Fk; gy; fiyf; fof

gl; ljhupfs; jkJ nrhe; jf; fk; gdpfis cUthf; Ftjw; Fk; Cf; fkspg; gjw; fhf

Mff; Fiwe; jJ 1>000 gl; ljhupfSf; F 3 tUlj; jpw;Fs; MnshUtupd;

fz; Lgpbg;nghd; Wf;F Mff; $baJ &gh 1.5 kpy; ypad; tiu fld; toq; Ftjw; F

murhq; f tq; fpfspd; Clhf fld; toq; Fk; jpl; lnkhd; wpid Kd; ndLg; gjw; F ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. ,f; fld; vt; tpj gpizAkpd; wp tpahghuj; jpl; lq; fSf; F khj; jpuk;

toq; fg; gLk; . gy; fiyf; fof Nguhrpupau; fs; > ifj; njhopy; njhopy; Kaw; rpahsu; fs; kw; Wk;

murhq; f Copau; fisf; nfhz; l Vw; Wkjp Cf; Ftpg; G rigapd; fP o; njhopw; gLk;

FOnthd; wpdhy; ,e; j tpahghuj; jpl; lq; fs; kjpg; gPL nra; ag; gLk; . ,f; flDf; fhd

cj; juthjk; murhq; fj; jpdhy; KOikahf toq; fg; gLk; . ,jd; %yk; tUlnkhd; Wf;F 100

Gjpa njhopy; Kaw; rpfis Muk; gpg;gjw; F KbAkhf ,Uf; Fk; .

457. murhq; fk; #oypay; Kiwiknahd; wpid Cf; Ftpg; gjw;F mjpf ftdk;

nrYj; jpAs; sJ. ,jd; %yk; cs; ehl; by; njhopw; gLk; cs; ehl; L kw; Wk; ntspehl; Lf;

fk; gdpfs; > Kd; Ndhb KjyP l; lhsu; fs; Fwpj; j gl; ljhupfspd; fk; gdpfspy; gq; fhsu; fshf,Uf; f KbAnkd; gJld; epjp toq; Ftjd; %yk; Vida njhopy; Kaw; rpahsu; fSk; >

topfhl; ly; fis toq; Ftjw; fhf ,ize; J nfhs; gtu; fSk; KjyP l; Lf; fhd rYiffis

ngw;Wf;nfhs; s KbAk; .

458. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> ,e; jtifapy; murhq; fk; Fwpj; j njhopy; Jiwapy;

gq;fhsuhf ,Uf; Fkh vd; gjpy; re; Njfkpy; iy. Mdhy; ehl;bd; nghUshjhu tsu; r;rpf;F

Cf; fkspg; gjw; F jdpahu; Jiwf; fhd trjpfis Vw; gLj; jpf; nfhLg; gjpy; murhq; fk;

mf; fiw nrYj; jptUfpd; wJ.

cjNjr rllthff jpUjjqfs459. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> nghUshjhu tsu; r;rp kw; Wk; r%f ePjpapid

mile; Jnfhs; tJ NtfKk; tpidj;jpwDk; mNjNghd; W rupahd jP u;khdk; vLj; jYk; kpf

mtrpakhdjhFk; . ePjpapid eilKiwapy; gpuNahfpf; ff; $ba Kiwnahd; iw

jhgpg;gjw; F Njitahd kWrP uikg; gpid Vw; gLj; Jk; tifapy; vkJ rl; lq; fisAk; rl; l

KiwikfisAk; kPsha; T nra; tjw; F vkJ murhq; fk; mu; g;gzpg; Gld; nraw; gl; L

tUfpd; wJ. Vnddpy; gpzf; F jP u;T kw; Wk; rl; l Vw; ghLfs; xUthuj; jpNyh my; yJ

khjq; fspNyh my;yJ tUlq; fspNyh tiuaWf; f KbahjjhFk; . vkJ rl; l

Kiwikfspd; tpidj; jpwid Nkk;gLj; Jtjw; F ehk; vjpu; ghu;g;gJld; mjd; %yk;

Njrpa nghUshjuj; jpw;F cj; Ntfk; toq; fp vkJ mgptpUj; jp ,yf; Ffis

mile; Jnfhs; s KbAk; .

460. vdJ mikr; rhdJ vkJ gzpfSld; njhlu; ghd rl; lq; fis kP sha; T nra; tjw; fhd

eilKiwfis Vw; fdNt Muk; gpj;Js; sJ. ,jpy; ehzar; nryhtzpf; fl; Lg;ghL> tup

tpjpg; gdT> Rq; fk; > Copau; Nrkyhg epjp kw;Wk; Copa ek; gpf;if epjp> fhzp

(ifkhw; wy; tiuaiw) rl; lk;> nrayhw; Wif Fiwe; j njhopy; Kaw; rpfs; kw; Wk; Fiw

gad; ghl; L Mjdq; fspd; kPnsOr; rp rl; lk; > eyd; Gup ed; ikfs; rl; lk; > murhq; f xg; ge;j

rl; lk; vd; gdTk; cs; slq; Fk; . jdpahu; murhq; f gq; Flik njhlu; gpy; Kiwahd

xOq; Ftpjpfs; vk; kplk; ,y; iynad; gij ehd; Rl; bf; fhl; l tpUk; Gfpd;Nwd;. vdNtjdpahu; murhq; f gq; Flikf; fhd rpwe; j rl; l Vw; ghLfs; cUthf; fg; gLk; tiu

,ilf; fhy Vw; ghlhf topfhl;ly; fis tpepNahfpg; gjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. NkYk;

ru;tNjr kj; jpa]; jq; fSf; F nrYj; j Ntz; ba nfhLg; gdTfSf; fhf murhq; fk;

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93

ngUkstpy; nryT nra; tjw; F epu; g;ge;jpf; fg; gl;lJ. mt; thwhd kj; jpa]; j

nrad; KiwfSf; fhd nrytpdk; &gh 100 kpy; ypadhFk; . vdNt eP jp mikr; rpd;

topfhl; lYld; ru; tNjr kj; jpa]; j epiyankhd; ;wpid ,yq; ifapy; jhgpg; gjw;F ehk;

xj; Jiog; G toq; Ffpd; Nwhk;. jw; nghOJ ,jidj; jhgpg; gjw; F Njitahd tsq; fis

ehk; Vw;fdNt toq; fpAs; Nshk; . vjpu; fhyj; jpy; ru; tNjr kj; jpa]; j nrad; Kiwfis

KbAkhd msT jtpu; f;FkhW murhq; f epWtdq; fSf; F mwpTWj; jy; fs; toq; fg; gLk; .

NghfFtujJj Jiw

461. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> Nghf; Ftuj; Jj; JiwahdJ kpf mtrukhd

kWrPuikg; gpid Ntz; bepw;fpd; wJ. ve; jnthU thfdg; Nghf; Ftuj; J Kfhikj;JtKk;

fhzg; glhikapdhy; vkJ ghijfs; thfd newpry; fspdhy; epiwe; Js; sd.

,j; Jiwapd; mgptpUj; jpAld; ve; jnthU xOq; FgLj; Jif KiwikAk;

gpd;gw;wg;gltpy; iy.

462. Kr; rf; fu tz; bfs; > thlif thfdq; fs; kw; Wk; ghlrhiy Ntd; fs; kw; Wk; nghUl; fs;

Vw;Wk; thfdq; fs; cs; slq; fyhf Njrpa Nghf; Ftuj; J Mizf; FOtpd; Nehf;nfy; iyia tpupthf; Ftjw; F rl; lthf; f jpUj; jq; fis mwpKfg; gLj; jtjw; F ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

ghij NghfFtujJ

463. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> ,yq; if Nghf; Ftuj; J rigahdJ Ng&e; J xd; wpidf;

nfhs; tdT nra; tjw; F Mff; Fiwe; jJ &gh 4.5 kpy; ypaid nrytpl Ntz; bAs; sJ.

vt; thwhapDk; > Nghf;Ftuj; J rigapd; gioa mbr; rl; lq; fs; Gjpa Ng&e; Jfs;

jahupg; Gf;fhd fopT ,Uk; ghf tpw; fg; gLfpwJ. vdNt Gjpa Ng&e; Jfis vk; khy;

jahupf; f KbAkhapd; > Ng&e;Jfs; nfhs; tdTf; fhd nrytpdj; jpid Nrkpf; f KbAk; .vdNt cs; ehl; Lf; fk; gdpfspd; gq; fspg; Gld; njhopw; gLtjw; F KbAkhd Ng&e; Jfisj;

jahupg; gjw; fhd rhj; jpag; ghLfisf; fz; lwpAkhW ehd; Nghf; Ftuj; J rigaplk; Nfl; Lf;

nfhs; fpd; Nwd;. ,r; nrad; Kiw %yk; Ng&e; J xd; Wf;F Vwf; Fiwa &gh 1.5 kpy; ypaid

Nrkpf; f KbAk; vd; gJld; tUlnkhd; Wf;F &gh 10>000 kpy; ypaid Nrkpf; fKbAk; vd

vjph;ghh;f; fg; gLfpd; wJ.

464. murhq; f nrhj; Jf; fs; tP z; tpuak; nra; ag; glf; $lhJ vd; w tifapy; > Nfs; tpg;gj; jpu

Kiwapd; %yk; gad; gLj; j Kbahj midj; J thfdq; fisAk; tpw; gid nra; AkhW

mur Jiw epWtdq; fis ehd; Nfl; Lf; nfhs; fpNwd;.

465. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> xt; nthU ehSk; Kr; rf; fu tz; bfspdhy; Vw;gLk;

tpgj; Jf; fis ehk; Nfs; tpg;gLfpd; Nwhk;. ehl; by; kf; fs; Nghf; Ftuj; jpw;F Kr; rf; fu

tz; bfs; gq; fspg; Gr; nrYj; Jfpd; wjhapDk;> ,tw; iw 280 ,ae; jpuf; nfhs; ssTila

ehd; F rf; fu thfdq; fshf juKau; j; Jtjw; F Cf; fkspf; f KbAnkd ehd; cWjpahf

ek;GtJld; mjw; fhf rYif mbg; gilapyhd fld; jpl; lnkhd; wpid

eilKiwg;gLj; Jtjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

466. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> rf; jpapid Nrkpg; gjw; Fk; Rw;whly; khriltjid

Fiwg; gjw; Fk; Kr; rf; fu tz; bfspid vupnghUspypUe; J kpd; rhuj; jpw;F khw; WkhW mjd;

cupikahsu; fis ehd; Nfl; Lf; nfhs; fpd; Nwd;. ,e; Nehf; fj; jpw;fhf fl; lz khzpnghUj; jg; gl; l Kr; rf; fu tz; bfSf; F &gh 150>000 rYiff; flid toq; Ftjw; F ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. ,jw; fhf &gh 50 kpy; ypaid xJf; fPL nra; aTk; ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

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467. ehl; by; gjpTnra; ag; gl; l xt; nthU thfdj; jpw;Fk; Nkhl; lhu; thfd milahs

Fwpahf; fpapid nghUj; Jtjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. ,J Nkhl; lhu; thfdq; fis

Kfhik nra; tjw; F cjTtJld; jpUl; bypUe; J ghJfhj; J ghJfhg; gpid

mjpfupf; fpd; wJ. ,jw; fhf &gh 500 kpy; ypaid xJf; fPL nra; tjw; F ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

Gifapuj NghfFtujJ

468. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> ehl; by; 1>567 fp.kP Gifapujg; ghijfs; fhzg; gLfpd; wd.

,tw; Ws; Fwpg; gplj; jf;fsT eP skhd Gifapujg; ghijfspy; ehnshd; Wf;F xUrpy

Gifapujq; fs; khj; jpuNk gazpf; fpd; wd. vdNt Gifapujg; ghijfis fl; lz

mbg; gilapy; nghUl; fs; Nghf; Ftuj; J kw; Wk; Rw;Wyh Nehf; fq; fSf; fhf jdpahu;

Jiwapdu; gad; gLj; Jtjw; F mDkjpg; gjw; fhf ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. ,jd; %yk;

ngwg;gLk; tUkhdk; Gifapujg; ghijfis Kfhik nra; tjw; Fk; mjd; cl; fl; likg; G

trjpfis juKau; j; Jtjw; Fk; gad; gLj; jg; gLk; . nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs>

Gifapujj; JiwahdJ kpfg; ngUkstpyhd Mjdq; fisf; nfhz; bUe; j NghjpYk; mit KOikahf gad; gLj; jg; gLtjpy; iy. ,e; jtifapy; > gad; ghL Fiwe; j

Mjdq; fspd; tpistpid Nkk; gLj; Jtjw; fhd cghaq; fisf; fz; lwptjw; F

murhq; fj; jpdhy; epakpf; fg; gl; l 5 cWg; gpdu;fisf; nfhz; l “Gifapujj; mgptpUj;jp

Nguit ” xd; wpid jhgpg; gjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

469. ,yq; if Nghf; Ftuj; J rig gioa Ng&e; J mbr; rl; lq; fis kP sg; gad; gLj; Jtjw; F

gpd;gw;Wfpd;w mNj topKiwapid ,yq; if Gifapujj; JiwAk; jkJ gioa

Gifapujg; ngl; bfis gad; gLj; Jtjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpNwd;. ghtidapypUe; j

mfw; wg;gl; l Gifapujg; ngl; bfis fopT ,Uk; ghf khw; Wtjd; %yk; tUlnkhd; Wf;F

&gh 6>000 kpy; ypad; fis Nrkpf; f KbAk; . NkYk; ntspehl; Lr; nryhtzpia ,jd;

%yk; Nrkpg; gJld; cs; ehl; L Gjpa ifj; njhopy; xd; wpidAk; ; cUthf; f KbAk; .

470. rdj; njhif Nghf; fpidf; ftdj; jpw; nfhz; L fsdpg; gs; sj; jhf; F Gifapujg; ghij

etP d kag; gLj; jg; gLtNjhL Ntfk; kw; Wk; Ml; fspd; nfhs; tdT msT

mjpfupf; fg; gLjy; Ntz; Lk;. ,jw; fhf &gh 1>500 kpy; ypaid xJf; fPL nra; tjw; F ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

471. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> Gifapuj epiyaq; fs; kw; Wk; Ng&e; J epiyaq; fspy;

“Park and Ride” trjpfis Vw; ghL nra; tjd; %yk; ehl; by; thfdg; Nghf; Ftuj; J rpwe; j

Kiwapy; Kfhik nra; ag; gLtJld; gpuahzpfs; nrsfupakhfTk; Fiwe; j nrytpYk; gazpg; gjw; fhd trjpfs; nra; ag; gLk; . ,jw; fhf Gifapujg; ghijfs; Nkk; ghL kw; Wk;

[hvy> mtp]hnty; y> ghze; Jiw> fltj; ij kw; Wk; gpypae; jiy Nghd; w

njupTnra; ag; gl; l efuq; fspy; Ng&e; Jg; Nghf; Ftuj; jpid Nkk; gLj; Jtjw; F

Nghf;Ftuj; J mikr; Rf;F &gh 1>000 kpy; ypaid xJf; fPL nra; tjw; F ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. “Park and Ride” vz; zf; fU jhgpf; fg; gl; lJld; efuj; jpw;Fs; tUfpd; w

thfdq; fs; Fiwe; jJ 4 gazpfis nfhz; bUf; f Ntz; Lk; vdf; Nfl; fg; gLtJld;

mt; thwy; yhj thfdq; fSf; F fl; lzk; mwtplg; gLk; . ,r; nrad; KiwahdJ 2016

nrg; njk; gH ,Wjpastpy; gad; ghl;Lf; F tUk; .

472. nghUl; fs; Nghf; Ftuj; jpid Gifapujj; jpd; Clhf Nkw; nfhs; tjd; %yk;

Nghf;Ftuj; Jr; nrytpid Fiwg; gjw; F ehk; Cf; Ftpg; Gfis toq; Ffpd; Nwhk;.

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473. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> aho; g;ghzk; Gifapujg; ghij> khNfh kw; Wk; tTdpah

ghijfspd; Ntfj; jpid Nkk; gLj; Jtjw; Fk; mjw; fhf &gh 2>000 kpy; ypaid xJf; fPL

nra; tjw; Fk; ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

474. nkhNdhiuy; - eP u;nfhOk; G> fl; Lehaf; f kw; Wk; nfhOk; G> nfhOk; G kw;Wk; fltj; ij

efuq; fis ,izf; Fk; nkhNdhiuy; fUj; jpl; lq;fis epu; khzpg; gjw; F jdpahu; Jiw

gq;fhsu; fSf; F murhq;fj; Jiw Cf; Ftpg; G toq; Ftjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

eu khuffqfspy; NghfFtujJ

475. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> tpNrlkhf eP u; khu; f;fq; fspd; fpilg; gdTf; F

Kf; fpaj; Jtk; toq; Fk; tifapy; ,e; j tsq; fisg; gad; gLj; jp Nghf; Ftuj; J

eltbf; iffis Kd; ndLg; gjw; F jdpahu; JiwapdUf; F ehd; miog;G tpLf; fpd; Nwd;.

476. Rw;Wyhj; Jiwf; F gy; tifg; gLj; jy; kw; Wk; kw; WnkhU eltbf; ifahf Nkyjpf

Vw;ghLfspd; Njitfisg; g+h;j; jp nra; tjw; fhf eP h;khh;f; fq; fis mbg; gilahff;

nfhz; l mjpNtfg; glF eP h;r;rUf; F tpisahl; Lj; Njh; Tfis toq; Ftjw; F jdpahh;

Jiwapdh; Cf; Ftpf; fg; gLtth; . mt; thwhd glFfs; nfhOk; G – rpyhgk; kw;Wk; guhf; fpuk rKj; jpuj; jpy; njhopw; gLj; j KbAk; .

477. ehl; by; ePh;topg; ;Nghf;Ftuj; jpid Cf; Ftpg; gjw; F &gh 250 kpy; ypaid xJf; fPL


fggw; njhopy

478. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> fpof;fpypUe; J Nkw; fpw;fhd fg; gw; Nghf; Ftuj; J ghijapy;

kpf mz; ikapypUf; fpd; w ehL vd; w tifapy; ,yq; ifapd; ,l mikTf; F

Kf; fpaj; Jtk; toq; fp rKj; jpu Kf; fpaj; Jtk; tha; e;j ikankhd; wpid cUthf; FtJ

Kf; fpakhdjhFk; .

479. cyf ngWkjp njhlupid ehk; tsu; f; f Ntz; baJ Kf; fpak; vd; gJld; rKj; jpu

ikakhdJ ngUkstpyhd tha; g;Gfis toq; Ffpd; wJ. ,e;jtifapy; ehl; bw;Fs; fg; gy;

chpikahsu; fspid ftu; tjw; fhd #o;epiyapid cUthf; FtJld; mjd; %yk;

rKj; jpug; nghUshjhunkhd; wpid cUthf; Ftjw; F KbAk; .

480. fg; gw; Nghf; Ftuj; J ikankhd; wpid cUthf; Ftjw; F fg; gw; njhopw; Jiw kw; Wk;

nfhs; fyd; my;yhj njhopw; Jiwfs; mjpfupf; fg; gLjy; Ntz; Lk;. ,e; jtifapy; 2025

,y; cyfpy; Kjy; 20 MtJ fg; gw; Nghf; Ftuj; J JiwKfkhf khWtjw; F Njitahd

cghaq; fis cUthf; FtJ mtrpakhFk; .

481. fg; gw; js njhopyhsu; fs; fg; gy; cupikahsu; fspy; jq; fpapUf; f Ntz; baJld; nghJ

KjyP l;bd; %yk; ,j; Jiwapy; Nkw;nfhs; sg; gl; l KjyP l; bid kP sg; ngw; Wf;

nfhs; tjw; F ,t; tpahghuj; jpid tsu; r;rp milar; nra; a Ntz; ba Njit

fhzg; gLfpd; wJ. fg; gy; epjpaspg; G> jpUj; j Ntiy> fg; gy; gjpT> Fjg; gLj; jy; >

kj; jpa]; jk; kw; Wk; mjNdhL njhlu; ghd Nritfs; Gjpa rl; lq; fspd; %yk;

epWtfpf; fg;gLtJld; mtw; Wf;fhf murhq; fk; Cf; Ftpg; G toq; Fk;. ,j; njhopw;

Jiwf; fhd Nghl; bj; jd; ik gpuhe; jpaj; jpy; mjpfupj; Js; sJ.

482. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> ,yq; if flw; gilahdJ fly; ghJfhg; G

eltbf; iffspy; <LgLtjw; fhd Mw; wypid nfhz; Ls; sJ. ,e; jtifapy; ,yq; iff; flw; gilAld; ,ize; j njhopy; Kaw; rpfSf; F jdpahu; JiwapdUf; F Cf; fkspf; f

tpUk; Gfpd;Nwd;.

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96

nghUlnfhstdT

483. ,yq; ifapid njhopy; ikankhd; whf gad; gLj; Jtjw; fhd Nritfis

tpupthf; Ftjw; F tpidj; jpwd; > %yjdk; > mwpT vd; gtw; iwg; ngw; Wf; nfhs; tjw; F

ru;tNjr fg; gw; ruf; Nfw;wy; fk; gdpfs; kPjhd tiuaiwfis murhq; fk; eP f;FtJld;

mjd; %yk; ru; tNjr tu; j; jfj; jpd; Clhf cs; ehl; Lg; nghUshjhuj; jpw;F Gjpa

%yjdk; > tpahghuk; kw; Wk; njhopy; tha; g;G vd; gtw; wpid cUthf; f KbAk; . fg; gw;

ruf; Nfw;wy; ikaj; jpw;fhd chpj; Jiuf; fg; gl; l gpuNjrq; fis Fwpg; gpLfpd;w xOq; F

tpjpfs; tpepNahfpf; fg; gLtJld; ,g; gpuNjrq; fs; KjyP l;L Cf; Ftpg; G tyaq; fSf; F

ntspNa mike; jpUf; Fk;

rufF nghUs Vwwy

484. ru;tNjr ruf; Nfw;wy; njhopw; JiwahdJ ntspehl; L gq; fspg; Gld; Mff; $baJ 75

rjtP jkhfTk; > Mff; Fiwe; jJ 5 kpy; ypad; I.m. nlhyuhfTk; KjyP L fhzg; gLk;

tifapy; Rje; jpu kag; gLj; jg; gLk; . MapDk; ,f; fk; gdpfs; Mff; Fiwe; jJ 90 rjtP jcs; ehl; L Ntiytha; g;gpidf; nfhz; bUj; jy; Ntz; Lk;. ruf; Nfw;wy; njhopypid

JiwKfq; fSf; F tpupthf; Ftjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhoptJld; ,yq; ifj; JiwKf mjpfhu

rigAld; njhopw; gLjYk; Ntz; Lk;. fg; gw; njhopy; njhlu; ghd eltbf; iffspy;

jpwd; tpUj; jp kw; Wk; gapw; rpapid Cf; Ftpg; gjw; F ,j; Jiwapy; gapw; rp kw; Wk;

cgfuzq; fSf; F tupr; rYif toq; Ftjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpNwd; .

485. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> ,e; J rKj; jpu mYty;fs; xj; Jiog; G eltbf;iffis

tYg; gLj; Jtjw; F &gh 50 kpy; ypaid xJf; fPL nra; tjw; F Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

486. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> ,yq; if JiwKf mjpfhu rig tsTf; Fs; Eiofpd; w

nfhs; fyd; thfdq; fs; gy; NtW eilKiwfSf; F cl; gLfpd; wd vd; gJ vdJftdj; jpw;F nfhz; Ltug; gl; lJ. thfd efu;T nraw;ghLfis vt; tpjf; fl; Lg;ghbd; wp

jpwe;JtpLtJld; thfdnkhd; Wf;fhd tUlhe; j mDkjpg; gj; jpuf; fl; lzk; &gh 100>000

Mf mwpKfg; gLj; Jtjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

ifjnjhopw Nglilfs

487. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> ehl; by; 27 ifj; njhopy; Ngl; ilfs; fhzg; gLfpd; wd.

,tw; wpd; trjpfs; juKau; j; jg;glhjJld; ifj; njhopw; rhiyfspd; nraw; ghLfs;

mjpfupf; FksT juKau; j; jg; gLjy; Ntz; Lk;. vdNt> ,e; j njhopw; Ngl; ilfis

juKau; j; jy; kw; Wk; Gduikg; G eltbf; iffspw; F Njitahd eltbf; iffis ehk;

mwpKfg; gLj; jpAs; Nshk; . ,jw; F Nkyjpfkhf `k; ghe;Njhl; il> iufk; > kfh Xah kw; Wk;

jpUNfhzkiy Nghd; w gpuNjrq; fspy; ifj; njhopy; mgptpUj; jp tyaq; fis ehk;

jhgpg;gJld; fz; bapy; jfty; kw; Wk; tptrha njhopy; El; g tyaq; fis

cUthf; Ftjw; Fk; ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. ,f; ifj; njhopy; Ngl; ilfspy; Gduikg; G

kw;Wk; Kd; Ndw;w nraw; gHLfspw; F &gh 500 kpy; ypaid xJf; fPL nra; tjw;F ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

eu toqfy488. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> Foha; ePH trjp ehl; by; Vwf; Fiwa 44 rjtP jkhNdhUf; F

khj; jpuk; fpilf; fg; ngWfpd; wJ. 2020 mstpy; Foha; ePu; fpilg; gdtpid 60

rjtP jj; jpdhy; mjpfhpg; gJ vkJ nfhs; ifahFk; . murhq; fk; ehLKOtjpYk; &gh 94

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gpy;ypad; nrytpy; 29 ghupastpyhd eP u; toq; fy; fUj; jpl; lq; fspid Nkw; nfhz; L

tUfpd; wJ. mNjNtis> Ie; J gpujhd fopTeP ufw;wy; fUj; jpl; lq; fs; ,j; Jiw

njhlu; ghd trjpfis Nkk; gLj; Jtjw; fhf nraw; gLj; jg; gl; L tUfpd; wd.

489. ehl; by; milahsq; fhzg; glhj rpWeP uf Neha; guk; giy jLg; gjw; fhd

Jhpjg; gLj; jg; gl; l epfo; r;rpj; jpl; lj;jpd; xU gFjpahf Foha; ePh; tpepNahfg; gl Kbahj

gpuNjrq; fSf; F eP h; Rj; jpfhpg;G ,ae; jpuq;fs; (RO) toq; fg; gLk; .

ghij tiyaikgG

490. nfsut gpujkh; mth; fs; kj; jpa mjpNtfg; ghij eph; khzj; jpw;fhd mbf; fyiy

,t; tUl Muk; gj; jpy; ehl; bdhh; . ,g; ghijapd; ehd; f gFjpfspdJk; gzpfs; xNu

Neuj; jpy; Muk; gpf;fg; gLtJld; xU gFjpf; fhd xg; ge;jk; cs; ehl; L xg; ge;jf; fhuh;fSf; F

toq; fg;glTs; sJ.

491. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> Wtd; Gu mjpNtfg; ghij tpupthf; fy; > ghze; Jiu

tiuf; Fkhd fiuNahug; ghij tpupthf; fy; > jk; Gs;is> nghyeWit> Ky; iyjP T>

aho; g;ghzk; ,izg; G mjpNtfg; ghij epu; khzk; > ghkd; fil> uj; kyhd ghijtpupthf; fy; > fsdp Mw; Wf;fhd Gjpa ghy epu; khzk; > 25 ghyq; fs; kPs; fl; likg; G

kw;Wk; 3 Nkk; ghyq; fs; cs; slq; fyhf ghij tiyaikg; G tpupthf; fYf; F &gh 15>000

kpy;ypaid xJf; fPL nra; tjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

492. epu;khzpj; J njhopw;gLj; jp khw; wy; BOT mbg; gilapy; nfhl; lh ghijapypUe; J fLty

tiuf; Fkhd NkYau; e;j ghijapid epu; khzpg; gjw; F ehk; jpl; lkpl; Ls; Nshk; . ,jw; fhf

murhq; fg; gq; fspg; ghf &gh 10>000 kpy; ypaid toq; Ftjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

493. nfhOk; G Nfhl; ilf; fhd milT topapid Nkk; gLj; Jtjw; F fsdpg; ghyj; jpypUe;J

nfhOk; G Nfhl; ilf; fhd Gjpa Nfhl; il EisTg; ghij epu; khzpf; fg;gLk; . mjw; fhf 2

tUlj; jpw;Fs; &gh 4>000 kpy; ypaid xJf; fPL nra; tjw; F Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

tlfpofF mjpNtfg ghijapd %yk ehlbid ,izjjy

494. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> nfhOk; G> FUehfy; kw; Wk; fz; b Mfpa epiyaq; fis

,izf; Fk; kj; jpa mjpNtfg; ghij gzpfis murhq; fk; Muk; gpf;f cs; sJ vd; gjid

ePq;fs; ed; fwptPu;fs; . ,e; j mjpNtfg; ghijahdJ murhq; f jdpahu; gq; fspg; gpd; Clhf

jk; Gs;is> nghyeWit> Ky; iyjP T kw; Wk; aho; g;ghzj; jpid ,izf; Fk; tifapy;

NkYk; tpupthf; fg; gLk; .

495. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> ehl; bd; tsu; r;rpahdJ xUq; fpize; j

eilKiwnahd; wpid Ntz; bepw;fpd; wJ. cj; Njr mjpNtfg; ghij neLfpYk;

ifj; njhopw; Ngl; ilfis epu; khzpg; gjw; F jpl; lkplg; gl; Ls; sJ. mjd; %yk; mjpNtfg;

ghijfSf; fhd ngWkjp Nru; g;G ,lk; ngWk; . ,e; jtifapy; mjpNtfg; ghijfspy;

kUe; Jg; nghUl; fk; gdpfs; cs; slq; fyhd caphpay; njhopy; El; g Ngl; ilfs; > cw; gj; jp

tbtikg; G nghwpapay; jahupg; G> jfty; njhopy; El; g g+q; fh kw; Wk; tptrha> eP upay;

tsq; fs; g+q;fh vd; gtw; wpid cUthf; Ftjw; F cj; Njrpf; fg; gl; Ls; sJ.

496. mjpNtfg; ghijf; fhd fl; lzk; khj; jpuk; mtw; wpid tu; j; jf uP jpapy; tYthdjhf

khw;wkhl; lhJ. mjw; F gpd; Gynkhd; W toq; fg; gLjy; Ntz; Lk;. my; yJ Fwpg; gplj; jf; f

nghUshjhu nraw; ghLfSf;F gad; gLj; jg; gLjy; Ntz; Lk;. mjpNtfg; ghijnad; gJnfhOk; gpypUe;J fz; bf; Fk; aho; g;ghzj; jpw;Fkhd ghij vd; gjy; y khw; wkhf mjpNtfg;

ghijfs; vd; gd cj; Njr tu; j; jf ikaq; fSld; ,ize; jjhf Nehf; fg; gLjy; Ntz; Lk;.

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98

cz; ikapy; > ,e; j mjpNtfg; ghijfs; njhopy; Kaw; rp kw; Wk; Gj; jhf; fj; jpw;fhd

mjpNtfg; ghijfshf fhzg; gLk;

497. cj; Njrf; fk; gdpfspd; gpujhd %yjdkhf 2016 ,y; &gh 1>000 kpy; ypaid xJf; fPL

nra; tjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. cl; fl; likg; G mgptpUj; jp mjpfhu rigf; fhd

cj; juthjq; fis toq; Ftjw; F Kd; nkhopag; gLtJld; mjpfhu rigahdJ cs; ehl; by;

my; yJ ntspehl; by; fld; epjp Nrfupg; gpy; <LglKbAk; ;.

eugghrdf fUjjpllq; fs

498. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> cztpy; jd; dpiwtpid cWjpg; gLj; Jtjw; fhd vkJ

nfhs; ifapy; eP u;g;ghrdk; kw; Wk; ePu;ts Kfhikj; Jtk; vd; gd Kf; fpaj; Jk; ngWtjid

ehk; ed; F mwpfpNwhk; . ,e; jtifapy; > rpwpastpyhd Fsq; fs; kw; Wk; fhy; tha; fspd;

Gduikg; G kw;Wk; Nkk; ghl; bw;fhf Vw; fdNt xJf; fPL nra; ag; gl; l &gh 2>000

kpy;ypaDf; F Nkyjpfkhf ahd; Xah eP u;g;ghrdf; fUj; jpl; lj; jpid Jupjg; gLj; Jtjw; fhf

NkYk; &gh 1>000 kpy; ypaid xJf; fPL nra; tjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

kpdtY kwWk rfjp

499. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> kpd; rhuj; JiwahdJ nghUshjhuj; jpy; ghupasT

KjyP l;bid Ntz; bepw;fpd; w Jiwahf njhlu; e;Jk; ,Ue; JtUfpd; wJ. vdNt

kpd;Dw;gj; jp eltbf; iffSf; fhd KjyP Lfs; vt; tpj tiuaiwfSkpd; wp njhlh; e;Jk;

Nkw;nfhs; sg; gLk; .

500. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> ghuk; gupakw;w GJg; gpf;ff; $ba rf; jp fUj; jpl;lq; fshd

fhw;whio kw; Wk; #hpa rf; jp kpd; rhuk; vd; gtw; wpd; mjp$ba Mw; wYf; F Kf; fpaj; Jtk;

toq; Fk; tifapy; mt; thwhd tsq; fis gad; gLj; jp cs; ehl; L Njitfis

g+u;j; jpnra; tJld; Nkyjpfkhdij Vw; Wkjp nra; Ak; tifapy; jdpahu; Jiwgq;fspg; gpid ngw; Wf;nfhs;tjw; F ,yq; if kpd; rhu rigapidf; Nfl; Lf; nfhs; fpd; Nwd;.

,jd; %yk; vkJ ehL vz; nza; apy; jq; fpapUf; Fk; epiyapidf; Fiwg; gjw; F KbAnkd

vjpu;ghu;f; fg;gLfpd; wJ.

501. ghuk;gupakw;w GJg; gpf;ff; $ba rf; jp fUj; jpl; lq; fSf; fhf tpepNahfpf; fg; gl; l tpUg; Gf;

fbjq; fs; Vw;fdNt toq; fg; gl; L 2015 brk; gu; 31 Mk; jpfjpad; W xU tUlj; jpw;F Nky;

gad; gLj; jg; glhjpUf; Fkhapd; mit njhopw; ghl; bypUe; J epWj; jg; gLtjw; F ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

khefu kwWk efu mgptpUjjp

502. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> efu kw; Wk; efiur; rhu; e;j mgptpUj; jpj;

jpl; lq; fSf; fhd Kiwahd jpl; lkply; fhzg; glhik ,e; ehl; by; kpf Kf; fpakhd

tplakhff; fhzg; gLfpd; wJ. ,g; gpd;dzpapy; nfsut gpujk ke; jpup Nky; khfhzj; jpid

khehfukhf khw; Wfpd;w vz; zf; fUtpid mwpKfg; gLj; jpAs; sJ. ,e; jtifapy; >

murhq; fk; khehfu mgptpUj; jp njhlu; ghd tpupthd rl; lthf; fnkhd; wpid mwpKfg; gLj;j

cs; sJ. ,e;jtifapy; khehfu fUj; jpl; lq; fSf; fhd gpujhd jpl; lq;fs; 2016 ,y;

g+u;j; jpahFk; tiuapy; jpl; lkplg;gl; Ls; sJld; ngUk; ghyhd juj; jpl; lq; fs; jdpahu;

kw;Wk; murhq; f gq; fspg; G mbg;gilapy; nraw; gLj; jg; gLk; . mj; jifa efu; rhu; e;jmgptpUj; jp> efu jpz; kf; fopT Kfhikj; Jtk; Nghd; w fUj; jpl; lq; fSf; fhf &gh 10>000

kpy;ypaid xJf; fPL nra; tjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

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efu mgptpUj; jp

503. NkYk; > Rj; jkhd FbeP u; fpilg; gdtpid Nkk; gLj; jy; > fopT eP ufw;wy; Vw;ghLfs; kw; Wk;

efu mgptpUj; jp vd; gtw; Wf;fhf efu tbtikg; G kw;Wk; ePu; toq; fy; mikr; Rf;F &gh

2>500 kpy;ypaid xJf; fPL nra; tjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

njwF mgptpUj; jp

504. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> njd; khfhzj; jpypUe; J nghUshjhuj; jpw;fhd gq; fspg; G

Vwf;Fiwa 15 rjtP jk; khj; jpukhFk; . vdpDk; mg; gpuNjrj; jpy; Kd; Ndw;wg;gl Ntz; ba

gy tplaq; fs; fhzg; gLfpd; wd vd ehd; ek; Gfpd;Nwd;. me; jtifapy; JiwKfk;

kw;Wk; tpkhd epiya xj; Jiog; G Nritfs; > tptrha mbg; gil ifj; njhopy; fs; >

tptrha xj; Jiog; G Nritfs; Nkk; ghL> efu trjp Nkk; ghL> fpuhkpa Jg; guNtw; ghl; L

trjpfs; Nghd; w gpujhd Jiwfs; njhlu; gpy; njw; F mgptpUj;jpf; fhd Kaw; rpfs;

ftdj; jpw;nfhs; sg; gLk; . vdNt> &gh 1>000 kpy; ypaid ,jw; fhf xJf; fPL nra; tjw;F


tlNky mgptpUjjp

505. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> tlNky; khfhzj; jpy; FbeP u; fUj; jpl; lq; fs; > ePu;g;ghrd

trjpfis Nkk; gLj; jy; > kPd;gpb mgptpUj; jp Nghd; w fUj; jpl; lq; fis nraw; gLj;Jtjw; F

&gh 2>500 kpy; ypaid xJf; fPL nra; tjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

GGjK nghyeWit

506. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> GGjK nghyeWitf; fUj; jpl; lkhdJ mjpNkjF

rdhjpgjpapd; mgptpUj; jp Kd; ndLg; nghd; whFk; . ,J midj; J JiwfspYk;

Gj;Jzu; r;rpa+l;Lk; epfo; r;rpj; jpl; lq; fisf; nfhz; bUf; fpd; wJ. Rj; jkhd eP u; fpilg; gdtpid tpupthf; Fjy; > Rfhjhu ey trjpfis tpUj; jp nra; jy; > Fsq; fisg;

Gduikj; jy; > ghlrhiy cl; fl; likg; G trjp Nkk; ghL kw; Wk; rpwe; j tpisahl; L

trjpfs; Nghd; w gy; NtW tpupthf; fy; epfo;r; rpj; jpl; lq; fis cs; slf; fpAs; sJ.

fJUnty> itj; jparhiy efuk; > Gjpa efuk; kw; Wk; nghyeWit Guhjd efuk; Mfpa

gpuNjrq; fis xd; wpizj; J etP d efukhf khw; Wtjw; F jpl; lkplg; gl; Ls; sJ.

kpd;Ndhpahtpy; cj; Njr rpWeP uf itj; jparhiyf; fhf xJf; fPL nra; ag; gl; l &gh 2>000

kpy;ypaDf; F Nkyjpfkhf &gh 10>000 kpy; ypaid xJf; fPL nra; tjw; F ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

tlfF> fpofF mgptpUjjp

507. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> Aj; jj; jpdhy; ghjpf; fg; gl; l gpuNjrq; fspYs; s kf; fspd;

Jauq; fs; njhlu; gpy; vkJ murhq; fk; kpfTk; fupriz nfhz;Ls; sJ. fle; j gy

tUlq; fshf mtu; fs; jkJ mbg; gilj; Njitfis Kd; Ndw;wpj; jUkhW

Nfl; LtUfpd; wdh;. murhq; fk; Aj; jj; jpdhy; ghjpf; fg; gl; l gpuNjrq; fis mgptpUj; jp

nra; tjw; fhf Fwpg; gplj; jf;f epjpapid xJf; fPL nra; Js; s mNjNtis> tlf; F kw; Wk;

fpof; fpy; Gduikg; G gzpfSf; fhf ,Ujug; G kw;Wk; gy; jug; G Kftu; fsplkpUe; J

xj; Jiog; gpid ngw; Wf; nfhs; tjw; fhf 2016 ,y; mgptpUj; jpg; gq; fhsu; fspd; khehnlhd; wpid elhj; Jtjw;F ehk; jpl; lkpl; Ls; Nshk; .

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508. cs; ehl; by; ,lk; ngau; e;jtu; fspd; gpur; rpidfis cldbahf jP u;g;gjw;F ehk;

Maj; jkhf ,Uf; fpd; Nwhk;. vdNt cs; ehl; by; ,lk; ngau; e;jtu; fis kP s;

FbNaw; Wtjw; fhd eltbf; iffis cldbahf ehk; vLg; gJld; Vw; fdNt kP s;

FbNawpa FLk; gq;fSf; F tho; thjhu tha; g;GfisAk; mbg; gilj; NjitfisAk;

toq; Ftjw; Fk; eltbf; if vLj; Js; Nshk; . ,jw; fhf Kiwahd Jg; guNtw; ghl; L trjpfs; >

Rj; jkhd FbeP u; kw; Wk; kpd; rhuk; vd; gtw; Wld; kd; dhh; kw; Wk; Ky; iyjP T

khtl; lq;fspy; 20>000 tP Lfis epu; khzpg; Nghk;. neLe; jPT ,wq; FJiw epu; khzk; >

Ntyiz – Cu;fhtw; Jiw ghij Gduikg;G> rpfpr; ir fopT Kfhikj; Jt

Kiwikapid jhgpj; jy; Nghd; wd ,lk; ngWk; . ,jw; fhf &gh 14>000 kpy; ypaid


509. xl; L Rl; lhdpy; tho; thjhu mgptpUj; jpapid Nkk; gLj; Jtjw; fhf rptg; Gf; fsp

njhopw;rhiynahd; wpid jdpahh; murhq; f gq; Fgw;WjYld; ]; jhgpg;gjw; F ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

Njhll clfllikgG trjp

510. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> 160>000 ,w; F Nkw; gl; l ngUe; Njhl; l njhopyhsu;

FLk; gq;fs; ,d;Dk; gioa yad; miwfspy; tho; e;J tUfpd; wdu;. vkJ murhq; fk;

ngUe; Njhl; l r%fj; jpw;fhf Fiwe; j nrytpy; tPLfis epu; khzpg; gjw; fhf tP likg; G

epfo; r;rpj; jpl; lq; fis Kd; ndLg; gJld; mjw; fhf &gh 1>000 kpy; ypaid xJf; fPL


cs@uhlrp kdwqfis tYggLjjy

511. nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> cl; fl; likg; G trjpfis juKau; j; Jtjw; F cs; @uhl; rpkd; wq;fspd; gad; ghl;bw;fhf &gh 1>500 kpy; ypaid xJf; fPL nra; tjw; F ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

tpN~l fUjjpllq; fs

512. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> mz; ikapy; ]; jhgpf; fg; gl; l tpN~l

xg;gilg; Gf;fSf; fhd &gh 150 kpy; ypad; fis ehd; xJf; fPL nra; fpd; Nwd;.

513. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> tpN~lkhf ,t;turhq; fkhdJ Njrpa xUkpj; j xU

murhq; fkhf ]; jhgpf; fg; gl; Ls; sikapdhy; ghuhSkd; w cWg; gpdh;fs; midtUk; Ml; rpg;

nghwpKiwapy; jP tpukhf <LglNtz; Lk; vd; gNj Nkd; ik jq; fpa [dhjpgjp

mth; fspdJk; kw; Wk; nfsut gpujkh; mth; fspdJk; Nehf; fhFk; . Xt; nthU ghuhSkd; w

cWg; gpdUf; Fk; &gh 15 kpy; ypad; fs; tP jk; gd; Kfg; gLj; jg; gl; l tuT nryTj;

jpl; lj; jpid mjpfhpg; gjw; F mth; fSk; kpf Mh; tkhf cs; sdh; . vdNt>

,e; Nehf;fj; jpw;fhf &gh 3>375 kpy; ypad; fis xJf; fPL nra; tjw; F ehd; Kd;

nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

fiy kwWk; fyhrrhuk;

514. nfsut rghehafh; mth;fNs> ehk; vkJ vjph; fhy re; jjpapdhpd; eyd; fUjp vkJfyhr; rhu kw; Wk; Gujhd ,lq; fisg; ghJfhg; gjpy; vk; ik mh; g;gzpj; jpUf; fpd; Nwhk;.

mNj Ntis> vkJ murhq; fKk; cs; ehl; Lf; fiyfs; kw; Wk; iftpidg; nghUl; fis

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101

Nkk;gLj; Jtjw; Fk; > mj; jpwikfis rh; tNjr hP jpahf fhl; rpg;gLj; Jtjw;Fk; jd; id

mh;g;gzpj; Js; sJ.

515. ghlfh; fs; > ebfh; fs; > Nghd; w vkJ tho; f; iff; F kfpo; r;rpiaAk; > th;zj; ijAk; ms; spj;

jUNthh; tpN~lkhf KJik mile; jjd; gpd; dh; kd mOj; j epiyikfSf; F

cs; shtjid ehDk; czh; e;jpUf; fpd; Nwd;. vkJ murhq; fk; mt; thwhd

fiyQh; fSf; fhf jdpahh; gq; fspg; G Xa; T+jpaj; jpl; lnkhd; ;wpid ]; jhgpf; f cs; sNjhL>

,e; Nehf;fj; jpw;fhf &gh 15 kpy; ypad; fis xJf; fPL nra; tjw; Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

tpisahlLj Jiw

516. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> rh; tNjr tpisahl; Lg; Nghl; bfspy; vkJ

nrayhw; WifahdJ gbg; gbahf rP uope;J NghAs; sJ. ,d; W> vkJ tpisahl; Lj; Jiw

njhlh; ghd epWtdq; fs; kw; Wk; ;> fofq; fSf; Fs; ;> murpay; xOFtjdhy;

nraw; ghl; bid ,oe; Js; sd. vdNt> vkJ ehl; bd; tpisahl; L mgptpUj; jpf; Fj;

jilahfTs; s ,e; epiyikapid khw; Wtjpy; ehk; vk; ik mh; g;gzpj; jpUf; fpd; Nwhk;.517. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> vkJ ehL rpwpa xU ehlhf tpsq; fpdhYk; $l> vkf; F

tpisahl; Lf; fspy; kfj; jhd jpwikfisf; nfhz; l Mz; fSk; > ngz; fSk; ;

,Uf; fpd; wdh;. MapDk; > ,sk; tajpid cila jpwik tha; e;j tpisahl; L

tPuu;fisAk; > tPuhq;fidfisAk; ,dq; fhz; gjw; fhd nghUj; jkhd xU nghwpKiw

,y; yhikahdJ vkJ Jujph; ~; lkhFk; . ,t; thwhd; jpwd; fisf; fz; fhzpg; gjw; Fk; >

,dq; fhz; gjw; Fk; xU Kiwikapid mwpKfg; gLj; jy; Ntz; Lk;. mg; NghJ jhd;

vjph;fhyj; jpy; rh; tNjr tpisahl; Lf; fspy; vkJ Njrpa nfhbia cah; j; jf; $ba

tpisahl; L tPuu; fisAk; tP uhq;fidfisAk; cUthf; ff; $bajhf ,Uf; Fk; . ehd;

njhlh; Gila Fwpg; gpl;l gq; Nfw;ghsh; fsplk; xd; wpize; J tUkhWk; > ,k; kfj; jhdgzpia Nehf; fp jkJ gzpiaj; njhlUkhWk; Ntz; bf; nfhs; fpd; Nwd;. ,k; Kaw; rpapy;>

rfy Njrpa ghij> kw; Wk; tpisahl;Lf; fsq;fs; > kw;Wk; rpy mq; fPfhpf;fg; gl; l njhpT

nra; ag; gl;l rh; tNjr Nghl; bfspy; fye; J nfhs; Sk; xU rpy Vida gug; Gfspd;

tpisahl; L tP uh;fs; > tPuhq;fidfs; > gapw;Wdh;fSf; fhd nkhj; jr; nrytPdKk;

murhq; fj; jpdhy; Vw;fg; gLk; .

518. gpd; jq; fpa gpuNjrq; fs; gapw; rp cs; slq;fshf gapw; rp trjpfis ]; jhgpj; Jf;

nfhLf; FkhW jdpahh; Jiwia Cf; Ftpg; gjw; F mur fhzpapidAk; ;> rYif

mbg; gilapyhd fld; trjpfisAk; xJf; fPL nra; tjw; F Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

519. tpisahl; Lf; fis mgptpUj; jp nra; tjw; F nfhLf; fg; gl; l vkJ mh; g;gzpg; Gf;fSld; >

vkJ tpisahl; L tP uh;fs; kw; Wk; tP uhq;fidfisg; gapw; Wtpg;gjw; Fk; rh; tNjr ju

epakq; fSf; F Vw; g jkJ jpwd; fis miltjw; Fk; ntspehl; Lg; gapw; rpfspy;

<LgLtjw; F ntspehl; L murhq; fq; fSld; fye; JiuahLkhW Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

520. vdNt> tpisahl; Lg; nghUl; fs; kPJ tpjpf; fg; gl; Ls; s ,wf; Fkjp thpfis eP f;Fk; mNj

Ntis> NkNy $wg; gl; l gpNuuizfSf; fhf &gh 1>000 kpy; ypad; fis xJf; fPL

nra; fpd; Nwd;.

ntspehlL Ntiy thagGffs521. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> ehk; vjph;tUk; 2 tUlq; fspy; nghUshjhuj; jpy; Ntiy

mjpfhpg; G xd; wpid Nkw; nfhs; stpUf;fpd; Nwhk;. mNj Nghy> vkJ jpwd; fsw; w kw; Wk;

miuj; jpwd; fis cila Gyk; ngaUk; njhopyhsh; fSf; F Mff; Fiwe; jJ 300

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102

If; fpa mnkhpf; f nlhyh; fis Fiwe; j khjhe; j Cjpakhfg; ngWtjw; F vkJ

Copah; fSf; F Nfs; tpAs; s ntspehLfSld; fye; JiuahLkhW ,yq; if ntspehl; L

Ntiy tha; g;Gg; gzpafj; ij Cf; Ftpf; fpd; Nwd;.

522. ,yq; ifapd; njhopyhsh; fSf; F Fwpg; gplj;jf; f mstpyhd Nfs; tp me; j ehLfspy;

fhzg; gLtij ehd; czh; e;jpUf; Fk; mNj Ntis> jpwd; Fiwe; j kw; Wk; jpwDs; s

njhopyhsh; fs; gw;whf; Fiwahf ,Ug; gjd; fhuzkhf mf; Nfs; tpapy; 20 rjtP jj; jpid

khj; jpuk; g+h;j; jp nra; af; $ba epiyapy; ,Uf; fpd; Nwhk;. vdNt> cs; ehl; bYk; >

ntspehl; bYk; ,t; thwhd rpwe; j rk; gsq; fisg; ngw; Wf; nfhs; sf; $ba rpwe; j njhopy;

tha; g;Gf;fisg; ngw; Wf; nfhs; sf; $ba tifapy; jkJ jpwd; fis

juKah; j; Jtjw; fhfj; njhopy; rhh; gapw; rp trjpaspg; Gf;fisg; ngw; Wf; nfhs; SkhW

,isQh; fis Cf; Ftpf; fpd; Nwd;.

523. mNj Ntis> njhopyhsh; xUtUf; ;F &gh 15>000 Mf ,yq; if Ntiy tha; g;Gg;

gzpafj; jpdhy; Nrfhpf; fg; gLk; njhopyhsp xUtUf; fhd Kfth; fl; lzj; jpid

mjpfhpg; gjw; Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. rfy Gyk; ngaUk; njhopyhsh; fSk; > ehl; il

tpl; Lg; Gwg;gLtjw; F Kd; dh; mth; fisj; njhlh; G nfhs; s Ntz; ba jfty; fSld; tq; fpf; fzf; F> fhg; GWjp cs; slf; fk; Mfpadtw; wpidAk; nrad; Kiwg; gLj; j

Ntz; Lk;.

524. Gyk; ngaUk; njhopyhsh; fSf; F fhg; GWjp nra; tjw; F toq; Fk; fhg; GWjp Kfth;

epWtdq; fisj; njhpT nra; tjw; F ntspg; gilahd> Nghl; b tpiykDr;

nrad; Kiwnahd; iwAk; Vw;FkhW ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

525. ,e; ehl; bw;F kj; jpa fpof; fpw;Fg; Gyk; ngah; ej njhopyhsh; fspd; gq; fspg; gpw;F khpahij

nrYj; Jk; Nehf; Fld; kj; jpa fpof; F ehLfSf; fhd gazj; jpid ifahs; tjw; fhf

gz; lhuehaf; fh rh; tNjr tpkhd epiyaj; jpy; “th; j; jf hP jpahd Kf; fpakhd Ml; fs; ”

vd; w khpahijAld; ; kj; jpa fpof; F ehLfSf; fhd gazj; jpid ifahs; tjw;fhf

mh;g;gzpf; fg; gl; l ,U Fb mfo; T / Fb tuT fUk gP lq; fis nraw; gLj; JkhW ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

epiyNgwhd tshrrpffhd cWjpahdnjhU xOqF Kiwr rllfk

526. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> th; j; jfj; jpid Nkk; gLj;Jtjpy; ehk; mh; g;gzpg; Gld;

nraw; gLk; mNj Ntis> epahakw; w th; j; jf eilKiwfs; kw; Wk; juf; Fiwthd

nghUl; fspypUe; Jk; > NritfspypUe; Jk; cs; ehl; L njhopy; Kaw; rpahsh; fisAk; > kw;Wk;

Efh; NthiuAk; ghJfhg; gjw; fhd Njitia ehk; ftdj;jpy; nfhz; bUf; fpd; Nwhk; vd; gijAk; Fwpg; gpl tpUk; Gfpd;Nwd;.

527. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> ,wf; Fkjp nra; ag; gl; l moF rhjdg; nghUl; fs; >

,yq; ifapy; jahhpf; fg;gLk; my; yJ re; ijg; gLj; jg; gLk; moF rhjdg; nghUl; fs;

njhlh; ghf jw; NghJ ehl; by; ve; j xU epWtdKk; xOq; FKiwfis Nkw; nfhs; tjpy;iy.

vdNt> gy; NtW ehLfspypUe; J ,wf; Fkjpnra; ag; gLk; my; yJ ehl; bYs; s Neh; ikaw; w

jahhpg; ghsh; fspdhy; jahhpf; fg; gLk; moF rhjdg; nghUl; fis gad; gLj; Jtjpy; fLk;

gpur;rpidfSf; F Kfk; nfhLj; Js; sdh;. vdNt> moF rhjdg; nghUl; fisAk; > kw;Wk;

rhjdq; fisAk; xOq; F Kiwg; gLj; Jtjw; F rl; lthf; fk; xd; iw

mwpKfg; gLj; Jtjw; Fk; ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. ,ilf; fhyj; jpy; > MAh;Ntj moFrhjdq; fs; cs; slq; fyhf rfy moF rhjdg; nghUl; fSf; Fk; Mff; Fiwe; jJ

Mq; fpy nkhopapyhtJ rh; tNjr moF rhjd cs; sPLfspd; fiyr; nrhw; fSf; Nfw;g

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103

(Nomenclature Cosmetics Ingrdients (INCI) gad; gLj; Jk; cs; sPLfspd; tpguj; ij

NkYiwfspy; mr; rpLkhW Efh; Nthh; mYty; fs; mjpfhu rig th; j; jkhzp

mwptpj; jiy ntspapl Ntz; Lk;.

528. ghy; kh> moF rhjd cw; gj; jpg; nghUl; fs;> Nrhg; G kw;Wk; rhk; G Nghd; w ,d; Ndhud; d

,wf; Fkjp nra; ag; gl; l cw; gj; jpg; nghUl; fspd; juj; jpid cWjpg; gLj; Jk; Nehf; Fld; >

njhopy; El; gg; gjtpazpapdiu mjpfhpg; gjd; %yk; ,yq; ifj; jueph; zaf; fl; lisfs;

epWtdk; > ifj; njhopy; njhopy; El; gtpay; epWtdk; kw; Wk; kUj; Jtg; nghUl; fs;

Muha; r;rp Ma; T $lq; fs; gyg; gLj; jg; gLk; . Ma; T $l trjpaspg; Gf;fSf; fhf ehd; &gh

200 kpy; ypad; fis xJf; fPL nra; fpd; Nwd;.

529. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> epahakw; w VfNghfq; fs; > Ftpg; Gf;fs; > gpuj;jpNaf

njhlh; Gfs; > tpiy eph; zaq; fs; Nghd; w th; j;jfq; fspd; Nghl; bj; jd; ikfSf; F vjpuhd

elj; ijfSf; fhd re; ijia xOq; FKiwg; gLj; Jtjw; fhd Nghl; b mjpfhu

rignahd; wpid ]; jhgpg;gjw; Fk; ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

,yqifapd nrawiff Nfhs tpz; ntsp530. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> ,J tiu gad; gLj; jg; glhj vkJ nraw; iff; Nfhs;

tpz; ntspahdJ> ntspg; gilahd nrad; Kiwnahd; wpd; Clhf rh; tNjr hP jpahf

xg;ge;jq; fis Nkw; nfhs; Sk; .

MilfSffhd rpwgG tpwgid epiyak

531. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> ,yq; iff; F chpj; jhd Milf; ifj; njhopyhdJ th; j; jf

,yr; rpidnahd; Wldhd Nfhjh xd; iw Nkw; nfhs;tjd; %yk; xU rpy fk; gdpfSld;

,yr; rpidAldhd th; j; jfg; gazj; jpid Muk; gpj;Js; sJ. ,t; th; j; jfg; gazj; jpid

Kd; Ndhf; fp vLj; Jr; nry; Yk; Nehf; Fld; > ngah; gl; baYldhd xg; gplf; $ba

mstpyhd juj; ijf; nfhz; l ,yq; ifapy; jahhpf; fg; gl; l ,yq; ifapd; th; j; jf

,yr; rpidia khj; jpuk; nfhz; l jiyapypUe; J fhy; tiuahd rfy ghpkhzq; fisAk;

cs; slf; fpa Milj; jahhpg; Gf;fis toq;Ftjw; Fj; Njitahd trjpaspg; Gf;fSldhd

jahhpg; ghsh; fSf; Fr; nrhe; jkhd th; j; jfr; rhtbfisf; nfhz; l epue; jukhd fz; fhl; rp

epiyak; xd; wpid nraw; gLj; Jk; Njitnahd; W vOe; Js; sJ.

532. ,e; epiyakhdJ cs; s+h; kw; Wk; ntspehl; Lf; nfhs; tdthsh; fSf; fhd me; j

,lj;jpNyNa nfhs; tdT nra; tjw; fhd trjpfisAk; > kw;Wk; cs; ehl; Lr;

re; ijfSf; fhd cj; juTfis Nkw; nfhs; tjw; fhd xd; W $lf; $ba xU jskhftpsq; Fk; . vdNt> mur jdpahh; gq; Nfw;nghd; whf &gh 2>500 kpy; ypad; nrytpy;

gpuj;jpNafkhf cs; ehl; L Mil th; j; jfq; fSf; fhd nkhj; j kw; Wk; rpy; yiw rpwg; G

tpw;gid epiyankhd; wpid ]; jhgpg;gjd; %yk; ,t; th; j; jfg; gazj; jpw;F cjTtjw;F

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. ,jw; fhf murhq;fk; Fiwe; jJ 400>000 rJu mb jsg; gug;gpidf;

nfhz; l rpwg; G tpw; gid epiyaj; jpid eph; khzpg; gjw; fhd Fj; jif epyj;

Jz; nlhd; wpid toq; Fk; .

,awif mdhjjqfSfF vjpuhd fhgGWjp

533. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> fle; j 12 khj fhyg; gFjpapy; > Gay; fspypUe; Jnts; sq; fs; . nts; sq; fspypUe; J epyr; rhpTfs; vd ,aw; if mdh; j; jq; fis khj; jpuNk

ehk; nfhz; bUe; Njhk; . caph; fspd; ,og; Gf;fs; > nrhj;Jf; fspd; Nrjq; fs; > Nghd; wd

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104

Fwpg;gplf; fjf; f mstpy; fhzg; gl; ld. murhq; fk; mt; thwhd ,og; Gf;fSf; fhd

el; l<lhfTk; > ,k; Kaw; rpfis kP s; fl; likg;gjw; fhd MjuthfTk; > tUlhe; jk; ruhrh

&gh 500 kpy; ypad; fSf; Fk; mjpfkhd njhifia nrytspj; Js; sJ. MapDk; >

,g; nghwpKiwapy; > mt; tdh; j; jq; fspdhy; ghjpf; fg; gl; lth; fSf; Fr; nrYj; jg; gl

Ntz; ba el; l<Lfs; ,d; Dk; nrYj; jg;glhkYk; > kw;Wk; mt; thwhd el; l<Lfis

toq; Fk; nrad; KiwfspypUe; j jhkjq; fs; Nghd;wdtw;wpw; F toptFj; jd. ,t; thwhd

gpur;rpidfisj; jP h;g;gjw; fhf R+whtspfs; > Gay; fs; > nfhe; jspg; Gf;fs; > nts; sk; >

epyr; rhpTfs; > epyeLf; fk; > Rdhkp> kw; Wk; Vida ,aw; if mopTfs; Nghd; w

,d; Ndhud; d ,aw; if mdh; j; jq; fSf; F vjpuhf KO ehl; ilAk; ghJfhg; gjw; F ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. ,t; tpaw; if mdh; j; jf; fhg; GWjp nkhj; jkhf $baJ &gh 10>000

kpy;ypad; fs; tiuapyhd Nrjq; fis cs; slf; FtNjhL> jdpg; gl; litfs; $baJ &gh

2.5 kpy; ypad; fisAk; > MAs; fhg; GWjpahdJ &gh 1 kpy; ypaidAk; cs; slf; Ffpd; wJ.

tpiyapd ]jpuj;jdikia NgZjy

534. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> 2015 Mk; Mz; L [dthp khjk; 09 Mk; jpfjpapypUe; J,yq; ifapd; tuyhw; wpy; ,Jtiu toq; fg; glhj kl; lq; fspyhd epthuzq; fis

toq; Ftjd; %yk; tho; f; ifr; nryTr; RikapypUe; J ghjpg; Gf;Fs; shfpa

mNefkhNdhUf; F epthuzk; mspj; J mth; fSf; F Gjpa xU tho; it mspf;ff;

$bajhf ,Ue; jJ. ,f; FWfpa fhyg; gFjpapy; > ghy; kh> NfhJik kh> rP dp

cs; slq; fyhf 13 mj; jpahtrpag; nghUl; fspd; tpiyfisf; Fiwg; gjw; fhd

eltbf; iffs; vLf; fg; gl; ld. ngw; Nwhy;> kw;Wk; Brypd; tpiyfs; Kd; dh; xUNghJk;

,y; yhj kl; lj;jpw; Ff; Fiwtile; jNjhL> jP h;itiaf; Fiwj; jjdhy; > xU

FLk; gj; jpw;Fg; nghUj; jkhd thfdq; fspd; tpiyfSk; tP o; ; r;rpaile; jd.

,e; epthuzq; fis fhuzkhff; nfhz; L neLQ; rhiyfs; thfdq; fspdhy; epuk;gptspe; jjdhy; rpukq; fSf; F Kfq; nfhLj; jhYk; $l> ,yq; ifapd; FLk; g

nkhd; wpw;F thfdnkhd; wpid nfhs; tdT nra; tjw; fhf kfj; jhdnjhU tha; g;Gf;

fpilj; jJ. tuyhw; wpy; gjpaf; $ba mur Copah; fspd; rk; gs mjpfhpg; G>

mjpfhpf; fg; gl; l r%h; j; jp nfhLg; gdTfSk; kw; Wk; toq; fg; gl; l Vida epthuzq; fs;

,yq; ifah; fs; iffspy; Goq; ff; $bagzj; jpd; mstpid mjpfhpf; ff; $bajhf

,Ue; jJ.

535. NkYk; > nghWg;Gf; $w Ntz; ba murhq; f nkhd; whf kf; fSf; F thf; Ff; nfhLj; jgb>

njhpTnra; ag; gl; l 11 mj; jpahtrpag; nghUl;fspd; tpiyfisf; Fiwg; gjw; Fehd; Kd;

nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

• nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> mNefkhd czTg; nghUl; fspd; tpiyfs;

xt; nthU tUlKk; Vida khjq; fSld; xg; gPl; L hPjpapy; etk; gh; - brk; gh;

khjq; fspy; cr; rkl; lnkhd; wpw;F fhzg; gLfpd; wJ. ,t; tpiy Vw; wj;jho; Tfis

Kfhik nra; tjw; fhf fle; j Ml; rpf;fhyj; jpy; xOq; fhd epfo; r;rpj;

jpl; lnkhd; iw eilKiwg; gLj; jhikapdhy; ,d; W re; ijapy; mj; jpahtrpa

czTg; nghUl; fspd; tpiyfs; Jhpj Ntfj; jpy; cah; tile; Js; sJ.

,e; epiyikia Kfhik nra; tjd; %yk; Efh; NthUf; F epahakhd tpiyapy;

czTg; nghUl; fs; toq; fg; gLtNjhL> cs; ehl; L tptrhapfisg; ghJfhf;Fk; Nehf;Fld; cUisf; fpoq; fpw;F jw; NghJ tpjpf; fg; gl; Ls; s xU fpNyh cUisf;

fpoq; fpw;fhd tpN~l th; j; jfg; gz; lq; fSf; fhd thp 75 /= &ghtpw; Fk; 85

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105

/= tpw;Fk; ,ilapyhd tpiynahd; wpidg; ngw; Wf; nfhLg; gjw; F

vjph;ghh;f; fpd; Nwhk;. mNj Nghy> xU fpNyh nghpa ntq; fhaj; jpw;F

tpjpf;fg; gl; Ls; s tpN~l thpia 25 &ghtpdhy; Fiwg; gjd; %yk; ; xU fpNyh

nghpa ntq; fhaj; jpid 85 &ghtpw; Fk; > 95 &ghtpw; Fk; ,ilapyhd

tpiynahd; Wf;F Efh; NthUf; F toq; Ftjw; Fk; ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

• NkYk; > gpujhd Efh;Tg; gz; lnkhd; whd cs; ehl; bNyNa cw; gj; j nra; ag; gLk; 400fpuhk; ghy; kh gf; fl; nlhd;wpd; tpiy 295 &gh tiu Fiwg; gjw; Fk; > mjd; %yk;

cs; ehl;L ghy; kh cw; gj; j; pahsUf; F Vw; gLk; el; lj; jpid <L nra; tjw; fhf

murhq; fj; jpdhy; 30 &gh khdpankhd; wpid toq; Ftjw; fhd eltbf; if vLf; fg; gLk; .

mNj Nghy> Foe; ijfspd; Nghrhf;Fj; Njitfisf; fUj; jpw; nfhz; L xU fpNyh

ghy; khit 100 &ghtpdhy; Fiwg; gjw; Fk; ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

• nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> 425 fpuhk; jfuj; jpyilf; fg; gl;l kP d; jfuk; xd; wpd;

tpiyia 125 &gh tiu Fiwg; gjw; Fk; ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. mjd; gpufhuk; >

cs; ehl;L jfujj; jpyilf;fg; gl; l kPd; ifj; njhopiyg; ghJfhg; gjw; fhf 425 fpuhk;

jfuj; jpyilf; fg; gl; l kP d; jfunkhd;wpw;F 15 &gh khdpankhd; wpid cs; ehl; Ljfuj;jpyilf; fg; gl; l kP d; ; jahhpg; ghsh;fSf; F toq; Ftjw;Fk; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

,jd; %yk; Efh; NthUf; F epthuzk; mspg; gNjhL> cs;ehl;L jfuj; jpyilf; fg; gl; l

kPd; ifj; njhopiy tpUj; jp nra; tjdhy; cs; ehl; L kPdth; fspd; kPd; tsq;fSf; F

cah; e;j tpiynahd; wpidg; ngw; Wf; nfhs;sf; $bajhf cs;sJ.

• nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> kw;WnkhU mj;jpahtrpakhd czTg; nghUshd

nej; jypf; fUthLfis jdpg; gl; lth;j;jfh;fspdhy; nghpa tpiy tP r;nrhd; wpw;Fs;

tpw;gid nra; ahjjdhy; Efh; Nthhpdhy; cah; thd tpiynahd; wpidr; nrYj; j

Ntz; ba epiyik Vw; gl; Ls; sJ. yq; fh rnjhr epWtdj; jpdhy; nej;jypf; fUthL

xUfpNyh 380 &ghtpw; F tpw; gid nra; Ak; NghJ> jdpg; gl; l rpy;yiw tpahghhpfs; nej; jypf; fUthL xU fpNyhit 800 &gh cah; e;j tpiynahd; Wf;F tpw; gid

nra; fpwhh;fs; . ,t; thW ghhpa mstpyhd ,ilj; jufh; fs; ,yhgj; jpid

mDgtpg; gjd; %yk; Efh; Nthiu f~; lj; Jf; Fs;shf; Ftij jLg; gjw;fhf xU fpNyh

nej; jypf; fUthl; Lf; F 410 &ghthd cr; r rpy;yiw tpiynahd; wpid

eph;zapg; gjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

• rhjhuz kf;fspd; kw; WnkhU mbg; gil czTg; nghUl; fspy; xd; whd gUg; Gf; ;Fk;

,ilj; jufh; fs; nghpaxU ,yhgj; jpid itj; jpUg;gjdhy; Efh; Nthh; cah; thd

tpiynahd; wpid nrYj; j Ntz; bNaw;gl; Ls; sJ. jw;NghJ xU fpNyh gUg; gpd;

,wf; Fkjpr; nryT 130 &gh kl;lj;jpy; fhzg; gl; lhYk; jpwe;j re; ijapy; xU fpNyh

gUg;G 220 &gh mstpyhd cah;e;j tpiynahd; Wf;F tpw; gid nra;ag; gLfpd;wJ.

mjd; gb> Efh; NthUf; F epahakhd tpiynahd;Wf; F gUg; ig ngw; Wf;

nfhLg; gjw; fhf xU fpNyh gUg; ig 169 &ghthf cr; r rpy; yiw tpiynahd; iw

eph;zapg; gjw;F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. mjw;fhf gUg; G kPJ tpjpf; fg; gl; Ls; s

tpN~l th;j; jfg; gz; lq; fSf; fhd thpia rk; g+uzkhf eP f;Ftjw;Fk; ehd;

eltbf; ifnaLg; Ngd; .

• nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> fUthL tiffspy; mjpf mstpyhd Nfs; tpnahd; W

fhzg;gLk; xU fpNyh fl;lf; fUthL 1>100 &gh cr; r rpy; yiw tpiynahd; Wf;Fk; >

xU fpNyh rhyf;; fUthL 425 &gh cr;r rpy; yiw tpiynahd; Wf;Fk;

eph;zapg; gjw;F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. mjd; %yk; cs; ehl; L fUthl;Lj;

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106

jahhpg; ghsh; fis ghJfhg; gjw; fhf Efh; NthUf;F rYif mbg; gilapyhd

tpiynahd;Wf; F fUthl; bid toq; Ftjw; Fk; vjph; ghh;f; fpd; Nwd;.

• jw;NghJ rpwe; j re; ijapy; xU fpNyh fliyapd; rpy; yiwtpiy 220 &ghthf

cah; thd xU tpiy kl; lj;ijf; nfhz; bUe; jhYk; > mjd; ,wf; Fkjpr; nryT 160

&ghthf Fiwthd kl; lj; jpy; fhzg; gLfpd;wJ. mjd; gb> Efh; NthUf; F

epthuzj; jpid mspf;Fk; Nehf; Fld; xU fpNyh fliyia 169 &gh cr; r rpy; yiw

tpiynahd;wpid eph; zapg; gjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. • ,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf> 12.5 fpNyh fpuhk; tP l;L vhpthA rpypz; lnuhd;wpd; tpiyia

cld; mKy; gLj; Jk; tifapy; 150 &ghtpdhy; Fiwg; gjw; F Kd; nkhoptnjhL> twpa

kf;fSf; F epthuzk; mspf;Fk; Nehf; Fld; xUyP l; lh; kz; nzz;nza; apd; tpiyia

10 &ghtpdhYk; Fiwg; gjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. ,t; thW twpa kf; fSf; F

epthuzk; mspf; Fk; Nehf;Fld; Fiwf; fg; gl; l Vida vz; nza; tiffSld;

fye; J tpw; Fk; Kiwaw; w fijfis jLg; gjw; F mtrpakhd rl; lhPjpahd

nraw; ghLfis vLg; gjw;F ehd; Kd;nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

• nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> ,jw; fhf murhq; fj; jpw;F &gh 3>000

kpy;ypad; fis nryT nra; a Ntz; bNaw;gLtNjhL> mjw; Fj; Njitahd

xJf; fPLfis Nkw; nfhs; tjw; Fk; ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. mNj Nghy

murhq; fj; jpdhy; > ,t; thW thpiaf; Fiwj; jy; kw; Wk; cah; e;j rpy; yiw

tpiynahd; wpid tpjpg; gjd; %yk; Efh; NthUf; F toq; f vjph; ghh;f;Fk;

epthuzj; jpid mth; fSf; F mNj khjphp ngw; Wf; nfhLg; gjid

cWjpg; gLj; Jtjw; F Efh; Nthh; mYty; fs; njhlh;ghd jkJ flikfisAk;

tpidj; jpwdhd KiwapYk; > cw; gj; jpj; jpwDs; s tifapYk; epiw xU fpNyh

fl; lf; fUthL 1>100 &gh cr; r rpy; yiw tpiyf; F khw; w Ntz; bAs;sjhfTk;

,r; rigapy; ehd; cq; fSf; Fj; njhpag; gLj; Jfpd; Nwd;.

536. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> ehd; vz; Zfpd; Nwd; ePq;fs; vd; Dld; ,zq; Ftjw; Ff;

fhuzk; ,wf; FkjpczTg; nghUl; fspd; tpiy mjpfhpg; gjw; Ff; fhuzkhf ,Ug; gJ

nfhs; if hP jpaw;w ,ilj; jufh; fSk; kw; Wk; epuk;gy; rq; fpypapy; Nkhrkhd Nghf; FkhFk; .

,e; epiyikapid jP h;g;gjw; fhf rnjhr nkhj; j tpw; gid gphptpd; Clhf jdpahh;

epWtdq; fs; kw; Wk; th; j; jfq; fspd; ,wf; Fkjpahsuhf eltbf; if vLf; fNtz; Lnkd

ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. mj; jpahtrpakhd czTg; nghUl; fis ,wf; Fkjp nra; tJ

khj; jpuky; yhky; ehl; bw;F mtrpakhd njhifiaf; fsQ; rpag;gLj;JtJk; rnjhr

epWtdj; jpd; nghWg; ghf cs; sJ. rnjhr epWtdj; jpw;Fr; nrhe; jkhd fsQ; rpaf; fl; llj; njhFjpapy; fsQ; rpag; gLj; jpAs; s ,Ug; ig ,yhgkhd Kiwapy; jdpahh;

th; j; jfh; fSf; F toq; Ftjw; F eltbf; I vLj; jy; Ntz; Lk;. ,t; thwhd nraw; ghLfis

mj; jpahtrpakhd nghUl; fspd; tpiyfis 20 rjtPj; jpdhy; Fiwg; gjw; F gq; fspg; Gr;

nrYj; jyhk; vd ehd; ; ek; Gfpd;Nwd;.

fUjjpll fzfhzpgG

537. ehl; bd; nfhs; if cUthf; fk; kw; Wk; nfhs; if Ma; Tfs; Kiwikapid

Nkk;gLj; JtjD}lhf mgptpUj; jpf; nfhs; iffis tbtikj; jy; kw; Wk; fz; fhzpg; Gr; nra; tjw; fhf> Njrpa nfhs; iffs; kw; Wk; nghUshjhu mYty; fs; mikr; Rf;F &gh

200 kpy; ypad; fis xJf; Ftjw; F tpUk; GfpNwd;.

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107

538. mur jdpahh; gq;Nfw; Gfshf Nkw; nfhs; sg; glTs; s rfy th; j; jf eltbf; iffSk;

Njrpa nfhs; iffs; kw; Wk; nghUshjhu mYty; fs; mikr; rpdhy; xUq; fpizf; fg; gLk; .

nfhLg; gdTfs;

539. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> vkJ murhq; fj; jpd; thf; FWjpnahd; whd> mur Jiw

Copah; fSf; Ff; fpilf; ff; $ba khjhe; jf; nfhLg;gdthd &gh 10>000 Xa; T+jpaf; nfhLg; gdTf; fzpg; gPl; bd; NghJ ftdj; jpy; nfhs; sg; gLk; . ,e; jf; nfhLg; gdT kw; Wk;

Kd; G toq;fg; gl;l ,uz;L ,ilf; fhyf; nfhLg; gdTfSk; Xa; TngWk; NghJ Xa;T+jpaf;

nfhLg; gdTf; Ff; fUj; jpw;nfhs; sg; gLk; .

Coy; fs mw; w ehL540. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs vq; fSf; F Gjpa ,yQ; r Coy;fs; Mizf; FO

fhzg; gLfpd; wJ. ,yQ; rk; > Coy;fs; Kiwg; ghLfis tprhhpg; gjw; fhd Mizf; FOtpd;

nraw; ghLfs; cWjpg; gLj;jg; gLtJ vkJ epUthfj;jpd; gpujhd Nehf; fkhFk; . ,jd; %yk;

ehl; bypUe; J Coy; fis Kw;whf mopj; njhopg; gjw; F cWjpahd mh; g;gzpg;igtoq; fpAs; sJ. MfNt> ehd; ,e; Nehf; fj; jpw;fhf &gh 500 kpy; ypad; fis xJf; Ftjw; F

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

ghuhSkdw mYtyfs

541. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs vkJ epUthfk; tpNrlkhf Nkw; ghh;itf; FOf;fis

cWjpg; gLj; jp ghuhSkd; w Kiwikapid rf; jp ngwr; nra; tjw; F KOikahf

mh;g;gzpj; Js; sJ. ,e; Nehf;fj; jpw;fhf &gh 250 kpy; ypad; fis xJf; Ftjw; F

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

542. ghuhSkd;w cWg; gpdh;fspd; Mw; wy;fis tpUj; jp nra;tjw; fhf N[.Mh;. [ath; j; jdepiyaj; jpw;F &gh 50 kpy; ypad; fis xJf;Ftjw;F Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

thpfnfhsif kwWk; tup epUthfk ;

543. nfsut rghehafu; mth;fNs> vkJ fd; dp tuT nryTj; jpl; lj; jpy; kpf Kf; fpakhd

tplaq; fis ,jd; gpd;du; Fwpg; gpl tpUk; Gfpd;Nwd;. vdJ tuT nryTj; jpl; l ciuapy;

ehd; ,Jtiu Kd; itj; j Kd; nkhopTfspy; epjpj; Jiwf; F Njitahd tUkhdj; jpid

ngw;Wf;nfhs; tjw; fhd cghaKiw mJthFk; . nfsut rghehafu; mtu; fNs> eP q;fs;

mwpe;jJ Nghd; W> vkJ tup jpwikahdJ fhyhtjpahdJld; tpsq; fpf;nfhs; s

KbahjsT rpf; fy; fs; epiwe; jJkhFk; . NkYk; mJ KjyP L kw; Wk; tpahghu

mgptpUj; jpf;Fg; nghUj; jkw; wjhFk; . ,it Njitahd tUkhdj; jpid

cUthf; Ftjw; Nfh kf; fspd; Nrkpg; gpid J}z; LtjhfNth ,y; iy. gy; NtW tupf;

fl; likg; GfSld; $ba msTf; fjpfkhd tupf; Ftpg; ghdJ tup KiwikapidAk; tup

epu;thfj; jpidAk; NkYk; rpf; fyhf; fpAs; sJ. tup nrYj; Jdu; fspd; jd; dhu;t

,zf; fg; ghL ,jd; %yk; Mu; tkpof; fr; nra; ag; gLfpd; wJ. fle; j tUlq; fspy; murhq; f

tUkhdj; jpd; mgptpUj; jp 1990 fspd; Muk; gj; jpy; nk.c. cw; gj;jpapy; 20 rjtP jkhf

,Ue; jJld; 2014 ,y; nkh.c. cw; gj; jpapy; 11.3 rjtP jkhf Jupj fjpapy;

Fiwe; Js; sJ. ,e; j tpfpjj; jpid mjpfupg; gjw; fhd mtruj; Njitg; ghlhdJmurhq; fj; jpdhy; njspthf ,dq; fhzg; gl; Ls; sJld; 2018 Mk; Mz; lstpy;

tUkhdj; jpid nkh.c. cw; gj; jpapy; 17 rjtP jkhf mjpfupg; gJ vd; gjid ehk;

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,yf; fhff; nfhz; Ls; Nshk; . ,e; jtifapy; > ,e; j murhq; fk; tup Kiwikapy;

KOikahdnjhU kWrP uikg; G mtrpankd; gjid czu; e;Js; sJ.

thp Kiwikapid ,yFgLj; jy

544. jw;nghOJ tup Kiwikapid rpf; fyhf; fpAs; s gy; NtWgl; l 35 tifahd tupfs;

kw;Wk; mwtP Lfspd; %yk; tup tUkhdk; Nrfupf; fg; gLfpd; wJ. vdNt vjpu; ghu;f; fg; gl; l

tUkhdj; jpid Nrfupg; gjw;F Kbahj rpy tupfspid xd; whf ,izj; J ehl; bd; tup

tUkhdj; jpid Nkk; gLj; Jtjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. NkYk; jw; nghOJ

eilKiwapYs; s vt; tpj njhlu; Gkw;w kf; fSf; F njhy; iyapidf; nfhLf; Fk; rpy

tupfis ,y; yhjhf; fp tup nrYj; Jdu; fSf; Fk; mNjNghd; W tpahghu r%fj; jpw;Fk;

ed; ikapid toq; Ftjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. ,e; jtifapy; tup Kiwikapid

,yFgLj; Jtjw; fhf gpd;tUk; tupfis eP f;Ftjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

• gq;F nfhLf; fy; thq; fy; mwtPL

• epu;khz ifj; njhopy; cj; juthj epjpa mwtP L

• nrhFR kw; Wk; miur; nrhFR Nkhl; lhu; thfd tup• Rw;Wyh mgptpUj; jp mwtP L

tUkhd thp

epWtd tUkhd thp

545. gy; NtW %yq; fs; kw; Wk; gy; NtW JiwfSf; fhd tpyf; fspg; Gfspid mbg; gilahff;

nfhz; l epWtd %yq; fs; khw; wy; tpiyaplYf; fhd gpur; rpidahff; fhzg; gLtJld;

kaf; f epiy fhzg; gLtjdhy; nghUs; NfhlYf; fhd tup jpl; lkply; kw; Wk;

fhzg; gLfpd; wJ. vdNt> jw; nghOJ fhzg; gLk; epWtd tUkhd tup tpfpjf; fl; likg; gpid 30 rjtP j cau; e;j kl; lkhfTk; 15 rjtP j juhju kl; lkhfTk; ,uz; L

tpfpj msTfisf; nfhz; ljhf kP s; fl; likg; Gr; nra; tjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

ge;ja kw; Wk; #jhl; lk;> kJghdk; > Gifapiy kw; Wk; tq; fpj; njhopy; > fhg; GWjp kw;Wk;

Fj; jif ifj; njhopy; > tpahghur; nraw; ghLfs; cs; slq; fyhf epjpr; Nritfs; %yk;

fpilf; Fk; tUkhdk; kw; Wk; ,yhgj; jpw;F cau; thp tpfpjk; Vw;GilajhFk; . Vida

Jiwfs; rhjhuz ju tpfpjkhd 15 rjtP jj; jpw;F cl; gLk; . vt; tpj nfhs; ifAkpd; wp

toq; fg; gl; l epWtd> ehdhtpj kw; Wk; Vida tpyf; fspg; Gfs; Nghd; w ePz; lfhy

tupr; rYiffs; ,dq; fhzg; gl; L jpUj; jg; gLk; .

546. gq;Flikahsu; fs; mtu;fsJ KjyP l; Lf; fhd epahakhd gq; fpyhgq; fis ngw; Wf;nfhs; tjid cWjpg; gLj; Jtjw; F gl; bayplg; gl; l fk; gdpfspdhy; gfpug; gLk;

Mff; Fiwe; j gq; fpyhgk; gfpu KbAkhd ,yhgj; jpy; 15 rjtP jkhf mjpfupf; fg; gLk; .

Gifapiy> kJghdk kw Wk frpNdh kP jhd kpiftup 547. nfsut rghehafu; mth; fNs> epWtd tup jpUj; jq; fspd; %yk; Gifapiy> ypf;fh;

kw;Wk; frpNdh ifj; njhopy; fs; ngw; Wf;nfhs; Sk; vy; iyaw; w gaidj; jtpu; g;gjw; Fk;

Gifapiy> kJghdk; kw; Wk; #jhl; lk; > ge; ja eltbf; iffspypUe; J r%fj; ijg;

ghJfhf; Fk; murhq; fj; jpd; nfhs; iff; fikthfTk; ,j; Jiwf; fhd tUkhd tupapid 25

rjtP j kpif tupahf tpjpg; gjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

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MSf Fupa tUkhd t up

548. nfsut rghehafu; mth; fNs> tUlhe;jk; &gh 750>000 ,w; F mjpf tUkhdj; jpidg;

ngWk; Copau; fs; Kd;Ndw; wfukhd tupnahd; whf ciof; Fk; nghOJ nrYj; Jk;

tupapid nrYj; j Ntz; bAs; sdu; . Mff; $ba tup tpfpjk; 16 rjtP jkhFk; .

c.ngh.nr. tupapid NkYk; ,yFgLj; Jk; Nehf; fj; Jld; rpwe; j ,zf; fg; ghl; bid

cWjpg; gLj;Jtjw; Fk; midj; J Copau; fSf; Fk; rkkhd me; j]; J toq; Fk;

tifapYk; c.ngh.nr. tupf; F Vw; Gilajhd rl; lj; jpid jpUj; Jtjw; F ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. Copau; fSf; F rYiffis toq; Ftjw; F tup tpLtpg; G tUlhe; j

kl; lj; jpid &gh 2.4 kpy; ypadhf mjpfupg; gjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

,k; kl;lj; jpw;F mjpfkhd c.ngh.nr thp 15 rjtP j xU rP uhdjhf mwtplg; gLtJld;

thp tpjpf; fg; glf; $ba tUkhdk; vt; tpj tpyf; fspg; GfSkpd; wp midj; J

rk; ghj; jpaq; fisAk; cs; slf;fpapUf; Fk; . ,e; j tuptpfpj KiwahdJ jw; nghOJ 24

rjtP jkhd Kd; Ndw;wfukhd tpfpjkhf fhzg; gl; l NghjpYk; jdpahs; tUkhdk;

ciog;gtu; fSf; F ,aYkhd tifapy; Vw; ;Gilajhf ,Uf; Fk; . NkYk; ,uz; lhk;

epiy Copaj; jpypUe; J fpilf; Fk; tUkhdj; jpw;F vt; tpj tpyf; fspg; Gkpd;wp mNjtpfpjj; jpy; tup mwtplg; gLk; . nfsut rghehafu; mth; fNs> rpwe; j ehza kw; Wk;

murpiwf; nfhs; iffis gpuNahfpg; gjd; %yk; ,t; tUlj; jpd; NghJ Fiwe; j tl; b

tpfpjj; ij murhq; fj; jpdhy; NgZtjw; F KbAkhf ,Uf; Fk; . rpwe; j ngWNgWfis

juf; $ba tpahghuq; fspy; KjypLtjw; fhd Fiwe; j tl; b tpfpjj; jpy; fld;

ngw;Wf;nfhs; tjw; F kf; fSf; F ,J ngUksT cjtpahf ,Uf;Fk; . ,jdhy; tl; b

tUkhdj; jpid vjpu; ghu;j; J eP z; lfhy mbg; gilapy; gzj; jpid itg; G

nra; jtu; fspd; tl; b tUkhdk; Fiwtile; jjdhy; mtu; fs; ghjpf; fg; gl; ldu; . vdNt>

2016 rdtup 1 Mk; jpfjpapypUe; J gz itg; Gfs; kPjhd 2.5 rjtP j epWj; jpitj; jy;

tupapid ,y; yhnjhopg; gjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

nghUshjhu Nritf fllzk

549. murhq; fj; jpdhy; toq; fg; gl; l cl; fl; likg; G trjpfis gad; gLj; Jtjw; fhd

mwtP lhf nghUshjhu Nritf; fl; lzk; mwtplg; gLfpd; wJ. jw; nghOJ ngh.Nr.

fl; lzk; el; lj; jpy; ,aq; Fk; my; yJ tpyf; fspf; fg; gl; l tpaghuq; fSf; F khj; jpuk;

tpjpf; fg;gLfpd; wJ. tup Nrfupg; gpid cWjpg; gLj; Jk; tifapYk; ngh.Nr. fl; lz

tpjpg; gdit epahag; gLj; Jtjw; Fk; ,yhgkP l;Lfpd; w tpahghuq; fs; ,jpy; Nru; j; Jf;

nfhs; sg; gLk; . mNjNtis> Mz; nlhd; Wf;fhd &gh 120 kpy; ypad; Mff; Fiwe; j tuptpjpg; gdT kl; lk; ePf;fg; gLk; . tpjpf; fg; gLk; thp tpjpg; ghdJ 0.5 tpfpjkhf mikAk; .

NkYk; > Kd; nfhz; Ltug; gl; l kP jpfSf; fhd fhyk; 3 tUlq; fshf tiuaWf; fg; gLk; .

ngWkjp Nru tup

550. ,yq; ifapy; fle; j tUlq; fspy; mt; tg; NghJ vLf; fg; gl; l vOe; jkhd nfhs; iffs;

gpd;gw;wg;gl; ljdhy; ngWkjp Nru; tup tUkhdk; kpfTk; Nkhrkhf ghjpf; fg; gl; Ls; sJ.

,wf; FkjpfSf; F Fiw ngWkjp tpiyapLjy; > ngWkjp Nru; g;gpy; ifahly; fs; kw; Wk;

ePz; l tpyf; fspg; G gl; bay; vd; gtw; wpdhy; vjpu; ghu;f; fg; gl; ljid tpl Fiwe;j

tUkhdk; ngwg; gl; lJ. nfsut rghehafu; mth; fNs> tUkhdj; jpid mjpfupf; Fk; Nehf;fj;Jld; rpy tpyf; fspg; Gfis eP f;Ftjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. jw; nghOJ

fhzg; gLk; xw; iw tup tpfpjk; 3 kl;lq; fspy; 0 rjtPjkhfTk; > epiyahd tpfpjk; 8

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110

rjtP jkhfTk; Nritfs; Jiw 12.5 rjtP jkhfTk; ngWkjp Nru; tupf; fhd

Mff; Fiwe; j kl; lk; tUlnkhd; Wf;F &gh 12 kpy; ypadhf ,Uf; Fk; . nkhj; j kw; Wk;

rpy;yiw tpahghuk; ngWkjp Nru; tupapypUe; J eP f;fg; gLk; .

Njrf flLkhd tup

551. nfsut rghehafu; mth; fNs> ngWkjp Nru; tupf; Nfw;g Njrf; fl; Lkhd tup

kl; lj; jpid Fiwg; gjw; Fk; tup tpjpg; G tpfpj; jpid 4 rjtP jj; jpdhy; mjpfupg; gjw; Fk;

rpy tpyf; fspg; Gfis eP f;Ftjw; Fk; ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. tpfpj mjpfupg; gpd; %yk;

ngwg;gLk; tUkhdk; jpul; L epjpaj; jpw;F khw; wg;gLjy; Ntz; Lk;.

geja kwWk jhllk

552. fle; j tuT nryTj; jpl; lj; jpy; tpjpf; fg; gl; l frpNdh mDkjpf; fl; lzk;

ePf;fg; gLtJld; #jhl;l tpahghuj; jpw;fhf tpjpf; fg; gl; l tUlhe; j mwtP L U[pNdh

tpahghuk; jtpu; e;j Vidatw; Wf;F 400 kpy; ypadhf mjpfupf; fg; gLk; .

553.

,ilf; fhy tut nryTj; jpl; lj;jpy; mwpkfg;gLj; jg; gl; l nfrpNdh ifj; njhopy; mwtP l;Lf; nfhLg; gdit nrYj; jj; jtWk; re; jh;g;gj; jpy; gzpg; ghsh; fSk; >

gq;Flikahsh; fSk; mjw; fhd nghWg; ig Vw; Fk; ; tifapy; epjpr; rl; lj; jpidj;

jpUj; Jtjw; F Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

tup CfFtpgG

554. gy; NtW epWtdq; fspdhy; toq; fg; gl; l vOe; jkhdJk; cw; gj; jp jpwdw; w tupr;

rYiffis mit> njhopy; Kaw; rpahsu; fSf; fpilapy; Nghl; bj; jd; ikaw; w

epiynahd; wpid cUthf; fpAs; sJ vd; wtifapy; mtw; iw eP f;fptpLtjw; F

murhq; fk; Kd; nkhope;Js; sJ. murhq; fj; jpd; nghJthd murpiwf; nfhs; iff; FnghUj; jkw; wjhd tupr; #onyhd; wpid ,J cUthf; fpAs; sJ. vdNt> VNjDk;

KjyP l;Lf; fhf toq; fg; gl; l rYiffs; epjp mikr; rpd; fz; fhzpg; G kw;Wk;

Nkw;ghu;itapd; fP o; nfhz; L tug; gl Ntz; Lnkd; gJld; mikr; rpdhy; ntspaplg; gLk;

xOq; Ftpjpfspdhy; epu;tfpf; fg; gLjYk; Ntz; Lk;.

Nkhllhu thfd tupfSffhd jpUj; jqfs

555. nfsut rghehafu; mth; fNs> ehl; by; ,d; W 6 kpy; ypaDf; F Nkw; gl; l thfdq; fs;

NritapYs; sjhf mwpf; iffs; njuptpf; fpd; wd. ,jdhy; tP jp tpgj; JfSk;mjpfupf; fpd; wd. vdNt ehk; gazpfspd; ghJfhg; gpid ftdj; jpw;nfhs; s

Ntz; Lnkd; gJld; thfdq; fs; gw; wpa Rw;whly; fuprizapidAk; ftdj; jpw;nfhs; jy;

Ntz; Lk;.

thfdqfSffhd cwgjjp tup kjhd myF tpfpjk

556. nfsut rghehafu; mth; fNs> tup Nehf; fq; fSf; fhf Nkhl; lhu; thfdq; fSf; fhd

ngWkjp kjpg; gPLfis Fiwj; Jf; fhl; Ltjd; %yk; tup Nkhrb nra; ag; gLtjhf

mwpf;ifaplg; gl; Ls; sjd; ; fhuzkhf> KO trjpfSld; $ba jahupg; Gf;fhd

tpiyfis tup mbg; gilahff; nfhz; L mz; ikapy; Gjpa kjpg; gPl;L Kiwnahd; WmwpKfg; gLj; jg; gl; lJ. Kiwahf tup nrYj; Jtjd; %yk; tUkhd Nrfupg; Gr;

nrad; Kiwapid NkYk; cWjpg; gLj; Jtjw; F fd nrd; wp kPw;wupid mbg; gilahff;

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nfhz; L cw; gj; jp jP u;itapd; tpfpjj; jpid ,yFthd mynfhd; whf

mwpKfg; gLj; Jtjw; F Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

Rwwhly elG thfdqfSffhd thp CfFtpgGfs

557. ehl; by; J}a; ikahd Rw; whly; xd; wpid Vw; gLj; Jtjw; F murhq; fk; eltbf; iffis

vLj; J tUfpd; wJ. #hpa rf; jp> i`w; wId; my; yJ `P ypak; %yk; KOikahf

njhopw;gLk; thfdq; fSf; fhd cw; gj; jpj; jP h;itapid 2.5 rjtP jj; jpdhy;

Fiwg; gjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

Nkhllhh; thfd chpjJr rhdwpjo

558. nfsut rghehafu; mth; fNs> ,t; tUlk; rdthp 29 Me; jpfjp rkh; g;gpf;fg; gl; l

,ilf; fhy tuT nryTj; jpl; lj; jpy; rkh; g;gpf;fg;gl; lthW tpahghu Nehf; fq; fSf; fhf

Nkhl; lhh; thfdq; fis ,wf; Fkjp nra; Ak; ,wf; Fkjpahsh; fSf; fhd Nkhl; lhh; thfd

,wf; Fkjpg; gjpT mDkjpg; gj;jpuf; fl; lzj; jpid mwpKfg; gLj; Jtjw; F ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. vt; thwhapDk; ,J xU rPuhd thp vd; gjdhy; ngUkstpyhdthfdq; fspd; ,wf; Fkjpapd; NghJ kpf mjpfsthd ed; ikapidg; ngw; Wf; nfhs; s

KbAk; . Fwpj; j chpj; Jf; fl; lzk; fhzg; gl; l NghjpYk; xt; nthU thfdj; jpw;Fk;

thfd chpj; Jr; rhd; wpjo; xd; wpidg; ngw; Wf; nfhs; tjw; fhd thfd ,wf; Fkjp

fl; lzk; xd; wpid mwpKfg; gLj; Jtjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. ,r; rhd; wpjohdJ

cs; ehl; L ,iwthpj; jpizf; fsj; jpdhy; toq; fg; gLtJld; thfdk; xd;wpid

,wf; Fkjp nra; tjw; F fld; fbjk; xd; wpid jpwg; gJ mtrpakhFk; . Nkhl; lhh;

irf; fps; kw; Wk; Kr; rf; fu tz; bfSf; F &gh 2>000> Nkhl; ; lhh; fhh; fSf; F &gh 15>000

Vida midj; J thfdq; fSf; Fk; &gh 10>000 Mf thfd chpj; J rhd; wpjo;

fl; lzj; jpid mwtpLtjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

tUkhd chpkk; kwWk; Gifg ghpNrhjid

559. khfhz rigfspd; tUkhdj;jpid mjpfhpf; Fk; Nehf; fj; Jld; ghijg; guhkhpg;Gr;

nryT kw; Wk; Rw;whly; nryT vd; gtw; Wf;F mikthf fhyj; jpw;F fhyk; tUkhd

chpkf; fl; lzk; kPsha; T nra; ag; gLjy; Ntz; Lk;. ,jw; fikthf 100 Kjy; 200

rjtP jj; jpw;F ,ilapyhd Nkhl; lhh; thfdq; fSf; fhd tUkhd chpkf; fl; lzj; jpid

mjpfhpg; gjw;F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. Gifg; ghpNrhjid rhd; wpjOf; fhd fl; lzk;

&gh 5>000 ,dhy; mjpfhpf; fg; gLjy; Ntz; Lk;. thfd Gifr; rhd;wpjo; fistoq; FtJ mjpfkhd Nrit toq; Feh; fs; cs; tUk; tifapy; Nghl; bj; jd; ikf; fhf

jpwe;J tplg; gLjy; Ntz; Lk;.

gjpT nraagglhj thfdqfisg gjpT nrajy

560. cs; ehl; by; nghUj; jg; gLk; rpy thfdq; fs; gy; NtW fhuzq; fSf; fhd Nkhl; lhh;

thfdj; jpizf; fsj; jpy; gjpT nra; ag; gLtjpy; iy vd; gJ vkJ ftdj; jpw;F

nfhz; Ltug; gl; Ls; sJ. mj; jifa thfdq; fis th; j; jf thfdq; fshapd; &gh

750>000 kw;Wk; Nkhl; lhh; fhh;fSf; F &gh 1 kpy; ypad; nrYj; jp 2016 khh; r; 31 Me;

jpfjpastpy; jkJ thfdq; fis gjpT nra; J nfhs; SkhW thfd

chpikahsh; fisf; Nfl; Lf; nfhs; fpd; Nwd;.

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561. ntspehl; Lr; nryhtzpapid rk; ghjpg;gjw; Fk; ehl; by; gad; gLj; jg; gl; l

thfdq; fisf; Fiwg; gjw; Fk; mj; jifa thfdq; fis kP s; jpUj; jk; nra; ag; gl; ljd;

gpd;dh; ; Vw;Wkjp nra; tjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. mNj Nghd; W> ,jd; %yk;

Nkhl; lhh; thfdj; jpUj; jk; njhlh; ghd Gjpa njhopy; tha; g;Gfis

cUthf; Ftjw; Fk; ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. ,j; jpl; lj; jpd; fP o; xt; nthU

Vw;WkjpahshpdhYk; Vw;Wkjp nra; ag; gLk; xt;nthU 20 thfdq;fSf; Fk; 50 rjtP j

thp tpjpg; gdtpid xt; nthU Nkhl; lhh; fhh; ,wf; Fkjpapd; NghJk; toq; Ftjw; F ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. gad; gLj;jg; gl; l fhh; fis ,wf; Fkjp nra; tjw; fhd rhj; jpaq; fis

fz; lwpAkhWk; mtw; wpid kP sg; GJg; gpj;jypd; gpd; dh; Vw;Wkjp nra; tjw; Fk; Vw;Wkjp

nra; tjw; Fk; jdpahh; Jiwaplk; ehd; Ntz; LNfhs; tpLf; fpd; Nwd;.

562. Vy tpw; gid nra; ag; gl KbAkhd tpNrl thfd ,yf; fj; jfLfis

mwpKfg; gLj; Jtjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

rYif mbggil mDkjpggj; jpuj jpllk.

563. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> rYif mbg; gilapy; toq; fg; gLk; thfd mDkjpg; gj; jpuq;fs; murpay; kag; gLj; jg; gl; lJld; gpioahfTk; gad; gLj; jg; gl; Ls; sJ. ,J

tUlk; xd; Wf;F 80 gpy; ypaDf; F mjpfkhd tUkhd ,og; gpid Vw; gLj; jpAs; sJ.

ghuhSkd; w cWg; gpdh;fs; cs; slq; fshf gy; NtW jpl; lq; fspd; fP o; toq; fg; gl; l

thfd mDkjpg; gj; jpuq;fs; midj; ijAk; ,y; yhjhf;Ftjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

NkYk; ,j; jpl; lk; 2016 rdthp 1 Me; jpfjpf; F gpd; dh; murhq; f Nritapy; Nrh; j; Jf;

nfhs; sg; gLgth; fSf; F Vw; Gilajhf khl; lhJ. murhq; fj; Jf; fhf nfhs; tdT

nra; ag; gLk; midj; J thfdq; fSk; thp tpjpg; gdTfSf; Fl; gLtJld; mjw; fhd

xJf; fPLfs; tuT nryTj; jpl; lj; jpy; Vw;ghL nra; ag; gLk; .

fld mlilfSffhd Kjjpiuj jh; itapidf Fiwjjy

564. fld; ml; ilapidg; gad; gLj; jp Nkw; nfhs; sg; gLk; nfhs; tdTf; fhf jw; nghOJ 1.5

rjtP j Kj; jpiuj; jP h;it mwtplg; gLfpwJ. cs; ehl; by; Nkw;nfhs; sg; gLk;

nfhs; tdTf; fhd fld; ml; ilfs; kPjhd Kj; jpiuj; jPh;itapid eP f;Ftjw; F ehd;

Kd; nkhoptJld; ntspehl; Lf; nfhs; tdTf; fhd Kj; jpiuj; jP h;it 2.5 rjtP jkhf

mjpfhpf; fg; gLk; .

khspif thp

565. ,ilf; fhy tuT nryTj; jpl; lj;jpy; mwpKfg; gLj; jg; gl; l khspif thp njhlh; ghd

Vw;ghLfs; $l; lhjdq; fs; ePq;fshf njhlh; e;Jk; mKypy; ,Uf; Fk; .

RqfjjP hitf fllikggpidf Fiwjjy

566. jw;nghOJ Rq; fj; jPh;itahf 4 mwtP l; L kl; lq; fs; fhzg; gLfpd; wd. mit; 0

rjtP jk; > 7.5 rjtP jk; > 15 rjtP jk; > 25 rjtP jk; kw; Wk; epiyahd cah; tpfpjk;

vd; gdNt mitahFk; . Vwf; Fiwa 7>000 ,iaG Kiwf; FwpaPLfspy; 50 rjtP jkhd

nghUl; fs; 0 rjtPjkhff; fhzg; gLfpd; wd. mtw; Ws; 2 rjtP jk; khj; jpuk; 7.5

rjtP jkhf fhzg; gLfpd; wd. thpf; fl; ; likg; gpid NkYk; ,yFgLj; Jtjw; F 7.5rjtP j kl; lj; jpid eP f;Ftjw; Fk; 25 rjtP j kl; lj; jpid 30 rjtP jkhf

mjpfhpg; gjw;Fk; ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. me; j tifapy; ,yq; if 0 rjtP jk; > 15

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113

rjtP jk; kw; Wk; 30 rjtP jk; Mfpa 3 Rq; fj; jPh;it fl; likg; gpid khj; jpuk;

nfhz; bUf; Fk; .

JiwKfk kwWk; tpkhd epiya mwtL

567. eph;khzk; > ghw;gz; iz kw; Wk; tptrhaf; ifj; njhopy; fSf; fhf gad; gLj; jg;gLk;

nghwpj; njhFjp kw; Wk; ,ae; jpuq;fs; jtpu Vidatw; Wf;fhd JiwKf kw; Wk; tpkhd

epiya mwtP l;bid 5 rjtP jj; jpypUe;J 7.5 rjtP jkhf mjpfhpg; gjw; F ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

kJghdk kjhd thpfs

568. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> kJghd thpapypUe; J ngwg; gl; l tUkhdk; 2015 &gh

100 gpy; ypadhff; fhzg; gl; lJ. rl; l hPjpaw; w kw; Wk; fs; sr; rhuhaq; fspd; %yKk;

cw; gj;jp tUkhdj; jpid mstpLtjpy; fhzg; gLk; jtWfs; fhuzkhfTk; ,t; thwhd

njhifnahd; W murhq; fj; Jf; F fpilf; fhky; NghdJ. cs; ehl; by; jahhpf; fg; gl; l

kJghdj; jpw;F Vw; Gilajhd mNj eilKiwapid ntspehl; by; ,Ue; J ,wf; Fkjpnra; ag;gl; l kJghdj;jpw; Fk; gpuNahfpg; gjw;F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. ,g; Nghf;fpid

XusTf; F ntw; wp nfhs; s 2005 ,y; vk; khs; KbAkhf ,Ue; jJ. mj; jifa rl; l

hPjpaw;w kJghd ghtidapid vk; khy; Fiwf; f KbAkhf ,Ue; jJ vd; w tifapy;

NkYk; &gh 100 gpy; ypaidr; Nrfhpg; gJ njhlh; gpy; ftdk; nrYj; j KbAk; . ,e;

Nehf;fj; jpw;fhf gpd; tUk; tplaq; fis ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

tpNrl ];hpf;fh;

569. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> thp nrYj; jg; gl; l xt; nthU kJghd Nghj; jYf; Fk;

tpNrl ]; hpf;fh;fs; xl; Ltjd; %yk; mj; jhl; rpg;gLj; jg; gLk; . thp nrYj; jg; gl; lkJghd Nghj; jy; fis ,zq; fhd; gjw; F kJthp mYtyh; fSf; F ,J cjtpahf

,Uf; Fk; . ,e; j ]; hpf;fh; jahhpg; ghsh; fs; murhq; fj; jpd; nfhs; tdT eltbf; iffis

gpd;gw;Wtjd; Clhf rh; tNjr Nfs; tpg;gj; jpuk; NfhUtjd; %yk; njhpT nra; ag; gLth; .

,e; j ntspg; gilahd eltbf; ; ifapid mKy; gLj; Jtjd; %yk; xOq; F

tpjpfSf; Fl; glhj rl; l hP jpaw;w kJghdq; fs; Efh; NthUf; F nry; tjid jLf; f

KbAk; .

kJghd jahhpg; G chpikf; fl;lzj;jpid mjpfhpj; jy;

570. tbrhiy xd; Wf;fhd tUlhe; j jahhpg; G chpikf; fl; lzj; jpid &gh 150

kpy;ypadhf mjpfhpg; gjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. NkYk; jw; nghOJ fhzg; gLk;

Nghj;jy; xd; Wf;fhd chpikf; fl; lz KiwahdJ rpf; fyhff; fhzg; gLtjdhy;

kJghdj; jahhpg; ghsh; fSf; fhd tUlhe; j chpikf; fl; lzj; jpid &gh 150

kpy;ypad; vd; w xw; iw fl; lz Kiwnahd; wpid tpjpg; gjw; F ehd; Kd;

nkhopfpd; Nwd;. kJghdj; jpw;fhd cw; gj; jpj; jP h;it ,d; W ey; yputpypUe; J

jpUj; jg; gLk;.

chpkk; toqfy; jplljjpid ,yFgLjjy; 571. jw;nghOJ fhzg;gLk; rpf; fyhd chpkk; toq; Fk; jpl; lk; ,yFgLj; jg; gLtJld; rpy

NghJ tpw; gidf; F Vw; Gilajhd tiuaiwfs; ePf;fg; gLk; .

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114

nrYjjNtz; ba Mff Fiwej kJthp

572. tbrhiyfs; kw; Wk; kJghdj; jahhpg;ghsh; fsplkpUe; J khjk; xd; Wf;F Mff;

Fiwe; jJ &gh 200 kpy; ypaid kJthpahf Nrfhpg; gjw; F Njitahd Vw;ghLfis

mwpKfg; gLj; Jtjw; F trjpahf kJthpf; fl; lisr; rl; lj; jpw;fhd jpUj; jq; fs;

Nkw;nfhs; sg; gLk; .

kJghdk; kPjhd ,wfFkjpj jhitapid mjpfhpjjy;

573. ,t; tUlj; jpd; nrg; njk; gh; khjj; jpy; kJghdj; jpw;fhd tpiy Nghj; jy; xd; W &gh 40

- 60 ,dhy; mjpfhpj; jJ. mj; jifa mjpfhpg; gpid xj; jjhf ,wf; Fkjp nra;ag; gl; l

ntspehl; L kJghdq; fs; kPjhd thpAk; mjpfhpf; fg; gLjy; Ntz; Lk;. ,e; j tifapy;

cs; ehl; by; jahhpf; fg; gl; l kJghdj; jpd; tpiy mjpfhpg; Gf;Nfw;g ntspehl; L

kJghdq; fs; kw; Wk; ,wf; Fkjp nra; ag; gl; l <ijapy; kJghdk; midj; jpw;Fkhd

thpfis mjpfhpg; gjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

,wf; Fkjp nraaggll ntspehlL kJghd chpkk;

574. jw;nghOJ cs; ehl; by; jahhpf; fg; gl; l kJghdk; 10 njhif yP w;wh;fs; khj; jpuk;

vLj; Jr; nry; tjw;F mDkjpf; fg; gl; Ls; s mNjNtis> ,wf; Fkjp nra; ag; gl; l

kJghdq; fis vLj; Jr; nry; tjw; F vt; tpj tiuaiwAk; mKy; gLj; jg; gltpy; iy.

vdNt ,t; tplaj; jpy; cs; ehl; by; jahhpf; fg; gl; l kJghdj; jpw;F Vw; Gilajhd mNj

eilKiwapid ,wf; Fkjp nra; ag; gl; l kJghdj; jpw;Fk; gpuNahfpg; gjw; Fk; ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

gPb ,iyfs; kPjhd Rq; fj; jPh;it

575. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> 1990 fspd; Muk; gj; jpy; tUlhe; j cs; ehl; L rpful;

Efh; T 5>500 kpy; ypaDf; F Nkw; gl;ljhff; fhzg; gl; lJ. vt; thwhapDk; fhyj; jpw;F

fhyk; rpful; tpiy mjpfhpj; jJld; Rfhjhuj; jpw;F Vw; gLk; Mgj; Jj; njhlh; ghd

tpopg;Gzh; T nghJ kf; fsplj; jpy; mjpfhpg; gjdhYk; jw; nghOJ tUlhe; j rpful;

ghtid 3>000 kpy; ypadhf tPo; r;rpaile;Js; sJ. ,jw; F khw; wkhf gP b ,iyfspd;

,wf; Fkjp gP b cw; gj; jpapy; tsh; r;rpg; Nghf; fpid Vw; gLj; jpAs; sJ. rpful; tpiyfs;

xt; nthU tUlKk; mjpfhpj; j NghjpYk; > gPb tpiy mjpfhpf; fg; gltpy; iy.

Gifapiyg; ghtidapid Cf; fk; Fd; wr;nra; Ak; tifapYk; Mff; Fiwe; jtpiyapid jhgpg; gjw; Fk; gPb tpiyfs; kPjhd Rq; fj; jP h;itapid mjpfhpg; gjw; Fk;

ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. NkYk; gPb jahhpg;G mDkjpg; gj; jpu fl; lzk; &gh 1>500

,ypUe; J &gh 5>000 Mf mjpfhpf; fg; gLk; .

gazpfs; mwtP l; bid mjpfhpj; jy;

576. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> gazpfs; mwtP l; bid 25 I.m.nlhyhpypUe; J 30

I.m.nlhyuhf mjpfhpg; gjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. ,J fg; gy; kw; Wk; tpkhdg;

gazpfSf; Fk; Vw;Gilajhf ,Uf; Fk; . jpul; L epjpaj; jpw;fhd gazpfs; mwtPl; L

tUkhdj; jpd; gq; fspg; gpid jw; nghOJ fhzg; gLk; %d; wpy; xd; wpid %d; wpy;

,uz; lhf mjpfhpg; gjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

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115

flTrrlLf; fllzk;

577. flTr; rPl; Lf; fl; lzk; mz; ikf; fhyj; jpy; jpUj; jg; gltpy; iy. MapDk;

flTr; rPl;Lfis mr; rpLtjw; fhd nrytpdk; mjpfhpj; Js; sJ. ,jw; fikthf xU

ehs; Nrit tpz; zg; gj; jpw;fhd fl; lzj; jpid &gh 7>500 ,ypUe; J &gh 10>000 Mf

mjpfhpg; gjw;F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. NkYk; ,ul; ilg; gpurh chpikf; fhd

tpz;zg; gf; fl; lzj; jpid &gh 250>000 ,ypUe; J &gh 300>000 Mf mjpfhpg; gjw; Fk;

njw; fhrpa ehLfSf; fhd tP rhf; fl; lzj; jpid 20 I.m. nlhyuhf mjpfhpg; gjw; Fk;


tjptpl tP rhtpid mwpKfggLjjy

578. ntspehl; L KjyP l; bid Cf; Ftpg; gjw; fhf %d; W tUl fhyg; gFjpf; F tjptpl

tPrhtpid toq; Ftjw; F 250>000 I.m. nlhyhpid fl; lzkhf mwtpLtjw; F ehd;

Kd; nkhoptJld; mikr; ruitapd; mq; fPfhuj; Jld; ntspehl; lth; fSf; fhd epue; ju

tjptpl tP rhtpid toq; Ftjw; F 5 kpy; ypad; I.m. nlhyhpid mwtpLtjw; Fk; ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

njhiyjnjhlhGfs njhopy; kPjhd thp

579. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs rh; tNjr njhiyj; njhlh;Gfs; ,af; Fdh; fl; lzkhdJ

cs; tUk; rh; tNjr miog; Gf;fs; kPJ epkpl mbg; gilapy; xU epkplj; jpw;F I.m.

nlhyh; fs; 09 rjq; fs; fl; lzkhf mwtplg; gLk; . mj; njhifapd; xU epkplj; jpw;fhd

I.m.nlhyh; 03 rjq; fis khj;jpuNk ,af; Fdh; fs; jpul; ba epjpf; F toq; Ffpd; wdh;.

rh;tNjr njhiyj; njhlh; Gfs; ,af; Fdh; fl; lzj; ij I.m.nlhyh; 09 rjj; jpypUe;J

12 rjq; fshf mjpfhpg; gjw; Fk; > mt; tjpfhpf; fg; gl; l KOj; njhifiaAk; jpul; ba

epjpaj; jpw;Fg; ngw; Wf;nfhs; tjw; Fk; ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd; ; .

VwWkjpf; fkgdpfspd csehlLr reij tpwgid

580. Vw;Wkjpapid ikakhff; nfhz; l KjyP l;L Cf; Ftpg; Gr; rigf; fk; gdpfs; mtw; wpd;

nkhj; j cw; gj; jpapy; 5 rjtP jj;jpid khj; jpuk; cs; ehl; Lr; re; ijapy; toq;fy;

nra; tjw; F mDkjpf; fg; gLk; .

fk; gdpg gjpTf; fllzj; ij mwpKfggLj; jy;

581. gjpT nra; ag; gl; l ngUk; ghyhd fk; gdpfs; njhopw; gLtjpy; iy vd; gJFwpg;gplj; jf; fjhFk; . mj; jifa fk; gdpfis njhopw; glf; $badthf khw; Wtjw; F>

gjpT nra; ag; gl; l fk; gdpfs; midj; Jk; khjk; xd; Wf;F gjpthshpdhy; mwtplg; gLk;

fl; lzkhf 7>500 &ghtpid nrYj; Jtjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;. NkYk; ;

jd; dhh;tf; fiyg; gpid J}z; lhjpUg; gjw; fhf fk;gdpfspd; jd; dhh;tf fiyg; gpd; kPJ

&gh 500>000 ,id mwtpLtjw; F ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

582. 2016 rdthp 1 Me; jpfjpapypUe; J gjpT nra; ag;gl; l midj; J njhopy; Kaw; rpfSk;

jkJ cs; @uhl; rp rigfSld; tUlnkhd; Wf;F 100 &gh vd; w rhjhu fl; lzj; jpid

nrYj; jp gjpT nra; jy; Ntz; Lk;. Gjpa tpahghu njhopy; Kaw; rpfs; kpd; rhuk;

kw;Wk; ePh; ,izg; Gfs; > tq; fpfspypUe; J fld; trjpfspid ngwy; vd; gtw; Wf;F ,g; gjpthdJ Kd; Njitg; ghlhf nfhs; sg; gLk; .

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njhiyffhlrp ehlf mwtP L

583. ,yq; ifapy; Mq; fpyk; ,izg; G nkhop vd; w tifapy; > jkpo; njhiyf; fhl; rp

ehlfq; fs;> jpiug;glq; fs; kw; Wk; tpsk; guq;fSf; F jw; nghOJ toq; fg; gl; Ls; s

tpyf; fspg; G Mq; fpy njhiyf; fhl; rp ehlfq; fs; > jpiug; glq; fs; kw; Wk;

tpsk; guq; fSf; Fk; tpyf; fspf; fg; gLk; tifapy; tphpthf; fg; gLk; .

thp ephthf kWrP uikg; Gfs;

cs; ehl; L ,iwthpj; jpizf; fsk;

584. ehl; by; fhzg; gLk; thp eph; thfj; jpd; jw; Nghja epiyapidf; ftdj; jpw; nfhz; L> thp

eph;thf kWrP uikg; G kw;Wk; Njitahd etP d kag; gLj; jy; eilKiwfs;

vd; gtw; Wf;F thpf; nfhs; if kWrPuikg;ghf thpKiwik ,yFgLj; jg; gl

Ntz; bAs; sJ. ,g; gpd; dzpapy; > tpguj; jpul; Lf; fspid g+uzg; gLj; Jjy; > thpf;

nfhLg; gdTfs; Nghd; w Nritfis jd; dpaf; f ,iza trjpfspd; %yk;

Nkw;nfhs; tjw; fhf tUkhd eph; thf Kfhikj; Jt jfty; Kiwikapd; (RAMIS)

Kjw; fl; lk; 2016 rdthp 1 Me; jpfjpapypUe; J gad;tYg; ngWk; tifapy; eilKiwg; gLj; jg; gLk; .

585. thp Nrfhpg; gpid mjpfhpg; gjw; fhf midj; J tpahghuf; nfhLf; fy; thq; fy; fspYk; thp

nrYj; Jeh; milahs ,yf; fk; (TIN) my; yJ tpahghu gjpT ,yf; fk; (BRN)

vd; gtw; wpid fl; lhakhf cs; slf; f Ntz; Lnkd ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

586. thp tpjpg;gdT Mizf; FOtpd; ghpe;Jiufs; kPsha; T nra; ag; gLtJld;

eilKiwapid ,yFgLj; Jjy; > tphpthd thp mbg; gilapid ,yf; fhff; nfhz; l

Fiwe; j thp tpfpjq; fspd; gpuNahfk; vd; gd kP sha; T nra; ag; gl Ntz; ba Kf; fpa

tplaq; fshFk; .

587. ehl; bd; vy; iyfSf; fpilapy; rl; lhPjpaw;w tpahghu eltbf; iffs; mjpfhpj; Js; sjd;

fhuzkhf> js mhpg; G kw;Wk; ,yhgkhw; wy; (BEPS) fhuzkhf ehl; bw;F rl; lhPjpahff;

fpilf; f Ntz; ba tUkhdj; jpid ghJfhf; Fk; rthypid murhq; fk;

vjph;Nehf;fpAs; sJ. cs; ehl; L ,iwthpj; jpizf; fsj; jpd; khw; wy; tpiyaply; gphpT

gapw;Wtpf; fg; gl; l mYtyh; fs; > juTj; jsk; kw; Wk; khw; wy; tpiyaply; njhlh; ghd

gpur;ridfisj; jP h;g;gjw;F mtrpakhd Vida tplaq; fisAk; nfhz; bUf; Fk; .

Njitaw; w tP z; tpuaq; fisj; jtph; g;gjw; F cs; ehl; L khw; wy; tpiyaplypid

eph;tfpj; jy; ,yFgLj; jg;gLk; .

588. gpuNjra nrayf kl; lj; jpy; tUkhd Nrfhpg; gpid cWjpg; gLj; Jtjw; fhdeltbf; iffSk; vLf; fg; gLk; .

589. Mz; nlhd; Wf;F &gh 25 kpy; ypaDf; F mjpfkhd thp nrYj; Jk; jdpg; gl; l thp

nrYj; Jeh; fSf; F> tpkhd epiyaj; jpy; tpNrl gpuKff; fUkgP lk; > murhq; f

epWtdq; fs; kw; Wk; ; itj; jparhiyfspy; Kd; Dhpikf; ftdpg; G> mur

epfo;TfSf; fhd tpNrl miog;gpjo; fs; > nfsut rdhjpgjp kw; Wk; nfsut

gpujkUld; tUlj; jpw;F xUKiw ghuhl; L epfo; Tfs; Nghd; w tpNrl rYiffs;

toq; fg; gLk; . cs; ehl; L ,iwthpj; jpizf; fsj; jpdhy; thp nrYj; Jeh; fSf; F kjpAiu

Nritfs; toq; fg; gLtJld; jpwikahd mYtyh; fspd; %yk; rpwe; j cjtpf;

fUkgP lq; fs; Vw;ghL nra; ag; gLk; .

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117

590. tUkhd thp tpguj; jpul; L xUgf; f Mtzkhf ,yFgLj; jg; gLtJld; thp

nrYj; Jeh; fSf; F ,yFthd Kiwapy; g+uzg; gLj; Jtjw; F KbAkhf ,Uj; jy;

cah; e;j thp ,zf; fg; ghl; Lf; F fhuzkhf mikAk; .

591. thp njhlh; ghd rl; l Vw;ghLfis J~;gpuNahfk; nra; jy; kw;Wk; gpioahd

nghUs; Nfhly; vd; gtw; wpid jtph; f;Fk; tifapyhd rl; l Vw; ghLfs; Njitahd thpr;

rl; lq; fspy; Nrh; j; Jf; nfhs; sg; gLk; .

• Kfhikj; Jtf; fl; lzk; ; fhg; GWjpj; njhopw; Jiwf; F tiuaWf; fg; gLtJld; jpwj; jth; fSf; Fr; nrYj; jg; gl; l Kfhikj; Jtf; fl; lzk; Gwf; fzpf; fg; gLjYk; Ntz; Lk;.

• thpNrfhpg; G kw;Wk; thp nrYj; Jeh; ,zf; fg;ghL kw; Wk; thpcj; jpNahfj; jh; fis tYg; gLj; Jk; tifapy; cs; ehl; L ,iwthpr; rl; lj; jpd;jw;nghOJ fhzg; gLfpd; w Fw; wtpay; njhlh;ghd fl; likg; G ftdj; jpw; nfhs; sg; gLk; tifapy; Njitahd ,lq; fspy; jpUj; jq; fSk; Nkw;nfhs; sg; gLjy; Ntz; Lk;.

• Muha; r;rp kw; Wk; mgptpUj; jp nrytpdq; fspy; %d; W klq; F Fiwg; ghdJ

njhopy; El; g Kd; Ndw;wk; kw; Wk; tpisT mgptpUj; jp fhzg;gLkhapd; khj; jpuk; mDkjpf; fg; gLk; .

• ntspehl; Lf; fld; fSf; fhd tl; b tpyf; fspg; G ntspehl; L tq; fpfs; my; yJepjp epWtdq; fspypUe; J ngwg; gl; l fld; fspd; tl; bkPJ tiuaWf; fg; gLk; .

• thp tpLKiwf; fhyk; Kbtile; jjd; gpd; dh; gq; F yhgk; kPjhd rpytpyf; fspg; Gfs; ePf;fg; gLk; .

• VNjDk; thpkjpg; gPl;L Mz; Lf; F kP sspg; Gf; Nfhhpf; if fhzg; gLkhapd; > mJnjhlh;gpy; %d; W tUlq; fSf; Fs; cs; ehl; L ,iwthpj; jpizf;fsj; jpdhy; jPh;khdpf; fg; gLjy; Ntz; Lk;. mt; thwpd; Nwy; mj; njhifahdJ vjph; fhyj; jpy; nrYj; j Ntz; ba thpf; nfhLg; gdTf; nfjpuhf gjptspg; G nra; ag;gLtjw; FmDkjpf; fg; gLjy; Ntz; Lk;.

thpr rllqfspd ks; tiuT

592. ehl; by; jw; nghOJ fhzg; gLk; thpr; rl; lq; fs; ghuk; ghpa gphpj;jhdpa nfhs; iffis

mbg; gilahff; nfhz; l vspjpy; ifahsKbahj rpf; fy; epiwe; jjhff;

fhzg; gLfpd; wJ. ,yq; ifapy; thpf; nfhs; if xd; wpid nraw; gLj; Jtjw; fhd

jilfshf rpf; fy; epiwe; ; j thpr; rl; lq; fs; ,dq; fhzg; gl; ls; s. ,J gy; NtW

rpf;fy; fis Vw; gLj; jpAs; sJld; thpf; nfhs; ifapid mKy; gLj; Jtjw; F

Kl; Lf; fl; ilahfTk; ,Uf; fpd; wJ. vdNt> njspthdJk; Kuz; ghlw; wJkhd

,yFthd thpr; rl; lq;fis cUthf; Ftjw; F Vw; w tifapy; thpr; rl; lq; fis kP stiua Ntz; ba Njit fhzg; gLfpd; wJ. etP d thpKiwikf; F Njitahd

tplaq; fisf; nfhz; ljhd ,r; rl; l kWrP uikg; G thp nrYj; Jeh; fs; ,yFthf

tpsq; fpf; nfhs; tjw; F cjtpahf ,Ug; gJld; rl; lq; fspy; fhzg; gLk; kaf; f

epiyikapdhy; cUthf; fg; gl; Ls; s Xl; ilfis ,y; yhjhf; Fk; mNjNtis thp

epUthfj; jpidAk; tYg; gLj; Jtjw; F KbAkhf ,Uf; Fk; . ,e; Nehf; fj; Jf; fhf

rh;tNjr ehza epjpaj; jpypUe;J njhopy; El; g cjtpfis ehk; ngw; Wf;nfhs; tJld;

2016 ,d; ,Wjpastpy; ,f; fUj; jpl; lj; jpid epiwT nra; tjw; F ehd;

Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

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thpNkdKiwaP l; L Mizf; FO

593. thpNkd; KiwaP l;L Mizf; FOtpd; RahjP dj; jpid cWjpg; gLj; Jtjw; F eltbf; if

vLf; fg; gLtJld;> Nkd; KiwaP l; L eltbf; iffs; ,aw; ; if eP jpf; Nfhl; ghl;bid

gpd;gw;Wk; tifapy; mike; jpUf; Fk; .

,yq;ifr; Rq; fk;

594. nfsut rghehafh; mth; fNs> eP q;fs; mwpe;J nfhz; ljw; fpzq; f ,yq; ifr;

Rq;fkhdJ nkhj; j mur tUthapy; 60 rjtP jj;

ij Nrfhpf; fpwJ. vdNt Rq; fj; jpizf; fsj; ijg; gyg; gLj; JtJ gpujhd

Kf; fpaj; Jtj; ijg; ngWfpwJ. mj; NjhL ,yq; ifr; Rq; fk; rh; tNjr th; j; jfj; Jf; F

trjpaspg; gjpy; gpujhd ebgq; if tfpf; fpwJ. ,e; j mbg; gilapy; ; Vw;fdNt

,yq; ifr; Rq; fj; jpizf; fsj; jpy; 24 kzp Neu Nrit mwpKfg; gLj; jg; gl; Ls; sJ.

595. Vwf;Fiwa 80 rjtP jkhd vkJ ,wf; Fkjpg; nghUl; fs; Vw;Wkjpia ,yf; fhff;

nfhz; l cs; ehl; Lf; ifj; njhopYf; fhd cs; sPLfshFk; . ,t; thwhd KjyP l; lhsh; fs;

Kfq; nfhLf; Fk; rpf; fy; tha; e;j Kiwikfisf; fUj; jpw;nfhz; L nghUl; fisAk; cgfuzq; fisAk; Vida fUtpfisAk; ,wf; Fkjp nra; Ak;NghJ xNu $iwapd; fPo;

Nritfis toq; Fk; epWtdnkhd; iw mikj; J mjD}lhf Njitahd mDkjpfs; >

tpLtpg; Gfs; > xg; ge;jq; fs; midj; ijAk; mtw; wpD}lhfr; nra; J nfhLg; gjw; fhd

xw;iw tiuTj; jsq; fs; epWtg; ggLk; . ,f; fUkq; fis tpiuTgLj; Jtjw; fhf chpa

jpizf; fsq; fspd; jfTila mjpfhhpfs; mjhtJ Vw; Wkjp ,wf; Fkjpf; fl; Lg;ghl; Lj;

jpizf; fsk; > ,yq; iff; fl; lisg; gzpafk; > Efh; Nthh; mjpfhurig> cs; ehl; L

,iwthpj; jpizf; fsk; > th; j; jfj; jpizf; fsk; > fk; gdpfs; gjpthsh; jpizf; fsk;

Nghd;wit xNu $iwapd; fP o; epWtg; gLk; .

596. NkYk; Rq; fj; jpizf; fsj; jpy; ,Ue; J nghUl; fis tpLtpf; Fk; NghJ Vw; gLk;

Nrjq; fisf; Fiwj; J nraw; wpwid Nkk; gLj; Jtjw; fhf Gjpa ]; fhd; ,ae; jpuq;fs;

Rq;fj; jpizf; fs tpLtpg; G gFjpfspy; nghWj; Jtjw; F eltbf; if

Nkw;nfhs; sg; gl; Ls; sJ. ,J Rq; fj; jpizf; fsj; jpd; ek; gfj; jd; ikia

Nkk;gLj; Jk; vd; gjpy; vt; tpj re; NjfKkpy; iy.

597. 2016 Mk; Mz; L [{d; khjj; jpy; ,Ue; J Rq;f eltbf; iffspy; kdpj <Lghl; bidf;

Fiwg; gjw;fhfTk; th; j; jf trjpfis Nkk; gLj; Jtjw; fhfTk; . ,wf; Fkjpr; Rq; fg;

gpufldq;fs; ,yj; jpudpay; Clhfr; nraw; gLj; jg; gLk; . 2016 Mk; Mz; L [{d; khjk;

1 Mk; jpfjpapypUe; J jfT toq; Fk; mur Kftuhz; ikfs; Neubahf ,yq; ifr;

Rq;fj; Jld; njhlh; G gLj; jg; gLk; .

598. midj; J Rq; f tpLtpg; G ikaq; fspYk; CCTV fkuhf; fy; nghUj; jg; gl; L

mjD}lhf ntspg; gilj; jd; ikia cWjpg; gLj; JtNjhL Coy; NkhrbfisAk;

xopf; f KbAk; . 2016 Mk; Mz; L Vg; uy; 1 Me; jpfjpapypUe; J mKYf; F tUk;

gpizf; Fl; gl; l fsQ; rparhiyfs; Fiwe; jJ 50>000 rJu mbfisf; nfhz; ljhff;

fhzg; gly; Ntz; Lk;. jw; NghJ Ngzg; gLk; fsQ; rparhiyfs; Nkw;gb

Njitg; ghLfisg; g+h;j; jp nra; Ak; tifapy; tpahgpf; fg; gly; Ntz; Lk;.

599. 2016 Mk; Mz; L rdthp khjk; 1 Me; jpfjpapypUe; J mKy; gLj; jg; gLk; tifapy;

Gjpa kjpg; gPl;L Kiwnahd; iw eilKiwg; gLj; jp mjD}lhf thfdcjphpg; ghfq; fisAk; uah; fs; > jiuNahLfs; Nghd; wtw; wpd; ngWkjpia Kiwahf

kjpg; gpLtjw; F eltbf; if vLf; fg; gLk; .

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119

600. 2016 rdthp 1 Me; jpfjpapypUe; J ,yq; if juk; Fiwe; ; j nghUl; fis ,wf;Fkjp

nra; Ak; ,lkhf (Dumping ground) khWtjidj; jLg; gjw; fhf ghtpf; fg; gl; l

ryit ,ae; jpuq;fs; > ghtpf; fg; gl;l njhiyf; fhl; rpg; ngl; bfs; kw; Wk; ghtpf; fg; gl; l

ifj; njhiyNgrpfs; Nghd; wtw; iw ,wf; Fkjp nra; tjpypUe; J Kw; whfj; jil

nra; ag; gLk; .

601. 2016 rdthp 1 Me; jpfjpapypUe; J Rq; fj; jpizf; fs eltbf; ; iffis

xUKfg; gLj; jTk; tUthiaj; jf; fitj; Jf; nfhs; sTk; midj; J tsikahd

,wf; fkjpahsh; fSk; Rq; fj; jpizf; fsj; jpy; gjpT nra; ag; gly; Ntz; Lk;.

602. jPh;itaw; w filj; njhFjpfis JiwKfq; fspYk; tpkhd epiyaq; fspYk;

elhj; JNthh; ntspehl; Lg; gq; fhsUld; Nrh; e;J mtw; iwf; nfhz; L elhj;Jjy;

Ntz; Lk;. mjd; gb cs; ehl; L th; j; jfh; fs; ,t; thwhd tpahghuj; jpy; <Lgl tpUk;gpd;

ntspehl; Lg; gq; fhsUld; Nrh; e;Jk; ntspehl; lth;fs; cs; ehl; L gq; fhsUld; Nrh; e;Jk;

nraw; gLjy; Ntz; Lk;.

603. Vw;Wkjp kw; Wk; nfhs; fyd; khw; wpVw;wy; tpahghuj; jpYk; <LgLNthhpd; trjpfis

Cf; Ftpg; gjw; fhf ghJfhg; ghd> tpiuthd> Kiwahd trjpfis mjpfhpg; gjw; fhfTk; gpuhe;jpaj; jpYs; s ehLfspd; Rq; f mjpfhhpfis vkJ Rq; f mjpfhhpfNshL

ifNfhh; j; J nraw; gLkhWk; ehd; miog; G tpLf; fpd; Nwd;. ,jd; %yk; rk; ge;jg; gl; l

ehLfSf; fhd Vw; WkjpAk; nfhs; fyd; khw; wp Vw;Wk; eltbf; ; iffSk;

Jhpjg; gLj; jg; gLk; .

604. ,d; iwa rh; tNjr th; j; jf eltbf; iffspd; Njitg; ghLfisf; fUj; jpw; nfhz; L

eilKiwapYs; s Rq; ff; fl; lisr; rl; lj; jpw;Fg; gjpyhf Gjpa Rq;fr; rl; lnkhd; W

tpiutpy; ghuhSkd; wj;jpy; rkh; g;gpf;fg; glTs; sJ.

tPjp tpgj; Jf;fSf;fhd fl; lzq; fs; 605. tPjp xOf; fk; kpfTk; Kf; fpakhdjhFk; . tP jp tpgj; Jf; fspd; Clhf Vw; gLk; caph;

,og; GfSk; nrhj; J ,og; GfSk; ehl; Lf; F kP sspf; fg; glhj gy gpy; ypad; &gha; fis

fpuakhff; nfhz; Ls; sJ. ,e; epiyapy; tP jp tpgj; njhd; W Vw;gLk; re; jh;g;gj; jpy;

nghJr; nrhj; Jf; fSf; F Vw; gl; l ,og; Gf;fhd el; l<l;Lf; F Nkyjpfkhf 10>000

&ghtpid jz; lg; gzkhf tpjpg; gjw; Fk; ehd; Kd; nkhopfpd; Nwd;.

Kjdik cw; gj; jpfSf; fhd Cf; Ftpg; Gfs;

606.

2018 Mk; Mz; bid v]; ng]; u]; $iwj; jfLfis Kw; whfj; jLf; Fk; Mz; lhfmjpNkjF rdhjpgjp Vw; fdNt gpufldg; gLj; jpAs; shh; . vdNt 2018 Mk; Mz; lhFk;

NghJ Rw; whly; el; Gf; $iwj; jfLfisf; fz; Lgpbg;gJ mtrpakhFk; . vdNt rptg; G

fspkz; XLfisj; jahhpf; Fk; njhopw; Jiwf; F miuthrp thptpLKiw %d; WtUl

fhyj; jpw;F toq; fg; gLk; .

ijjj Milfs kwWk ghjzpfSf; fhd ,wf; Fkjp thp

607. th; j; jf ehkk; Ngzg; gLk; cw; gj; jpfSf; Fk; cs; ehl; L cw; gj; jpfSf; Fkpilapy;

rkepiyiag; NgZtjw; fhf ,wf; Fkjp nra; ag; gl; l my; yJ cs; ehl; by; cw; gj; jp

nra; ag;gl; L re; ijf; F tpepNahfpf; fg; gLk; ijj; j Milfs; kw; Wk; ghjzpfSf; Fcs; ehl; L Vw;Wkjp Nehf; fpa fk; gdpfSf; F nghJthdnjhU thptpfpjk;

Vw;GilajhFk; .

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120

tpN~l EfuTg nghUs mwtP L

608. cs; ehl; L jahupg; Gf; ifj; njhopiy ghJfhf;Fk; Nehf; Fld; kuf; fwp vz; nza; f;F

Vw;Gilajhd tpN~l Efu; Tg; ngUs; mwtP l; L tup Fiwf;fg; gLk; .

gdKfg gzpapyP LgLk mYtyh fs609. gpuNjr nrayfq; fspy; gzpGhpAk; gl; ljhhpfs; gd; Kfg; gzpapy; <LgLk; mYtyh; fshf

gzpf; fkh; j; jg; gLth;. mth; fs; gpuNjr nrayf kl; lj; jpy; murhq; f thp

Nrfhpg;ghsu; fshf tpNrl gzpfspy; <LgLj; jg; gLtu; .

fld ngWiffspd tiuaiwfs

610. mtrpakhd murpiwr; rl; lf ,izg; G IV ,y; fhl; lg; gl; Ls; sJ. 2015 Mk; Mz;bd;xJf; fPl; Lr; rl;l %yj; jpy; fhl; lg; gl; Ls; s 2016 Mz; bd; epjpahz; Lld; njhlh; Gilafld; ngWiffspd; tiuaiwfs; ,izg; G II ,y; fhl; lg; gl; Ls;sJ.

KbTiu

611. vkJ ehl; by; cUthd Njrpa If; fpa murhq;fj; jpd; fd; dp tuT nryTj; jpl; l

ciuahdJ ey; yhl; rp kw; Wk; ntspg; gilj; jd; ik vd; gtw; wpd; mbg; gilapy;> Njrpa

nghUshjhuf; nfhs; ifapy; xU Gjpa jpUg;gj; ij Vw; gLj; jpAs; sJ. vkJ Nehf; fq;fs;

vjpu;fhyj; jpy; cau; eLj; ju tUkhdg; nghUshjhuk; xd; iw cUthf; ;Ftjw; fhd

vjph;fhyf; nfhs;iffspd; mbg; gilapy; mike; jitahFk; . ,e; j Kd; nkhopTfspd;

eyd; xU rpyUf;F khj; jpukd; wp ,yq; if kf;fs; midtUf; Fk; gue;J nry; Yk; vd

ehd; cWjpahf ek; Gfpd;Nwd;. rdthp 29 Mk; jpfjp rkh; g;gpf;fg; gl; l “ E}W ehs;

Gul;rp” Kd; nkhopthdJ NkYk; vkf; F nfsutj; ij Nrh; j; Js; sJld; Fwpg;gplj; jf; f

milTfisAk; vl; bAs; sJ.

612. ehk; fle; j fhyj; jpy; ele; jtw;iw kwe; Jtpl; L vjph; fhyj; jpid Nehf;fp gazpf; f

Ntz; bAs; Nshk; . Gjpa ghpzhkq; fSlDk; cj; Ntfj; JlDk; ehk; vkJ Njrj; jpidf;

fl; bnaOg; g Ntz; Lnkd; gjpy; ,uz;L fUj; Jf;F ,lkpy; iy.

613. mt; thW nra; tjw; fhd J}u Nehf; fpid ehk; nfhz; bUf; fpd; Nwhk;. Njrj;jpidf;

fl; bnaOg; Gfpd;w J}u Nehf; fhdJ xNu rP uhdjhFk; . mJ gue; Jgl; ljy; y. vkJ

Kaw; rpfs; ehisa vjph; fhyj; jpid rikg; gjhf ,Uj; jy; Ntz;Lk; . mjpNjF

rdhjpgjp nfsut ikj; jphpghy rpwpNrd> nfsut gpujkh; uzpy; tpf; fpukrpq; f> vdJ

mikr;ruit rf ed; gh;fs; epjp mikr; rpd; nrayhsh; fyhepjp Mh.vr; .v]; . rkuJq; f

kw;Wk; mtuJ mYtyh; fs; kw; Wk; ,e; j tuTnryTj; jpl; l Kd;nkhopTfspid epiwT

nra; tjw; F gq; fspg; Gr; nra; j Vida midtUf; Fk; ehd; vdJ ed; wp

ghuhl; Ljy; fisj; njhptpj; Jf; nfhs; fpd; Nwd;. ,e;j Kd; nkhopTfs; r%fj; jpYs; s

midj; J JiwapdUf; Fkhd ed; ikfisAk; tha; g;GfisAk; juf; $ba ,jw; F

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121

Kd;dh; vd; Wkpy;yhjthwhd Gj; jhf; ff; nfhs; iffis nfhz; Ls; sJ.; gy; NtWgl; l

jdpahl; fs; kw; Wk; epWtdq; fspdhy; mDg; gp itf; fg; gl;l gy; NtW ngWkjpahd

Kd;nkhopTfspid ehk; ,j; Jld; ,izj; Js; Nshk; . mj; Jld; mth; fs; ,jw; Ff;

fhl; ba rhjfkhd mf; fiwf; F ehd; ghuhl; Ljy; fisj; njhptpj; Jf; nfhs; fpd; Nwd;.

jw;nghOJ ehk; ,e; j Kd; nkhopTfs; nraw; gLj; jg; gLtjid cWjpg; gLj; Jtjw; fhf

mh;g;gzpg; Gld; nraw; glNtz; bAs; sJ.

614. NkYk; mjpNkjF rdhjpgjp> nfsut gpujkh; > nfsut rghehafh; > vdJ mikr; ruit

rf ed; gh;fs; kw; Wk; Vida ghuhSkd; w cWg; gpdh;fs; midtUf; Fk;

,g; ghuhSkd; wj; jpy; ,d; iwa jpdk; r%fkspj; jjw;fhf ed;wpfisj;

njhptpj; Jf; nfhs; fpd; Nwd;.

vkJ jha; ehl; bw ;F Kk; kzpfspdJk; M rP h;thjk; c z ; lhtjhf.

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122

gpddpizgG I

tUkhdKd; nkhopTfs - 2016

Kd; nkhopTfs; &gh.kpy; .

1 gq;Fg; gwpkhw;wy; ; mwtP l;bid ,y; yhnjhopj; jy; (2,500)

2 epu;khdifj; njhopy; cj; juthjepjpamstP l;bid ,y;yhnjhopj; jy; (1,800)

3 ciof; Fk; NghJnrYj; Jk; tupkw;Wk; jdpegu; tUkhdtupapidj; jpUj; jy; (4,000)

4 jhgdtupapidj; jpUj; jy; (6,000)

5 tl;bkP jhdgpbtupapideP f;Fjy; (8,000)

6 Kj; jpiutupapidjpUj; jy; (3,500)

7 ng.Nr. tupapidjpUj; jy; (25,000)

8 Nj.f. tupapidjpUj; jy; 90,000

9 fl;lzq; fs; kw; Wk; mwtP Lfistpjpj; jy; / jpUj; jpaikj; jy; 75,000

10 nrhFRkw; Wk; miur; nrhFRthfdtupapid ,y; yhnjhopj; jy; (1,500)

11 J.tp.e.m. mwtP l;bidj; jpUj;jy; 30,000

12 Rq;fj; jPu; itkw; Wk; nr]; tupapidj; jpUj; jy; 10,300

13 kJghdj; jahupg;Gcupkk; fl; lzj;jpidj; jpUj; jy; 3,000

14 Nkhl; lu; fhu; fSf; fhdcw; gj; jpjPu;itapy; myFtpfpjq; fismwpKfg;gLj; Jjy; 20,000

15 tpkhdNkwy; mwtP l;bidj; jpUj;Jjy; 2,000

16 njhiyj; njhlu; GmwtPl;bidj; jpUj; Jjy; 4,000

17 kpd;rhu>kpd;dpay; nghUl; fs; kw;Wk; ,ae;jpurhjdq;fSf;fhfJ.tp.m.mwtPl; bidf; Fiwj;jy; . (2,000)

18 Nkhl; lhu; thfdq; fSf;fhf Gif ntspapLjy; fl; lznkhd; wpidmwpKfg; gLj; Jjy; 18,000

19 kJrhuk; >Gifapiykw; Wk; nfrpNd; vd; gdtw; wpw;fhf 25 %mjpAau; tupnahd; wpidtpjpj; jy; . 2,000

20 nghUshjhuNritf; fl; lzj; jpidj; jpUj; Jjy; 7,000

21 kJghdk; ; kPjhdcw; gj;jptupjP ulitapidj; jpUj; Jjy; 16,000

nkhjjk 223,000

%yk; :murpiwj; jpizf; fsk;

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123

gpd;dpizg ;G II

nrytpdKdnkhopTfs; - 2016

Kd;nkhopT &gh.kpy;

1 tpij cw; gj; jpapid Nkk; gLj; Jjy; 1,0002 Rpwpa Fsq; fs; >eP u;ghrd fhy; tha; fis Gduikj; jy; 2,0003 fsQ; rparhiyfis fl; Ljy; 1,0004 Fsp&l;b miwfis epu; khzpj; jy; 2,0005 kPd;gpb JiwKfq; fis tpupTgLj;Jjy; 7506 Tptrha fhy; ;eilfs; kw; Wk; kPd; gjdply; epiyak; 1007 cs; ehl; L ghy; kh jahupg; ghsu; fSf; F trjpfis toq; ; fy; 1,0008 kP Pd; tsu;g; G epiyaq; fisf; fl; Ljy; 1009 kPd; ; tsu; g;G trjpfis mjpfupj; jy; 10010 yf; rNjr Clhf jfuj; jpy; milf; fg; gl; l kP Pdpid rYif tpiyapy; toq; Fjy; 30011 ,wg; gUf; fhd gpujhd jpl;lj; jpid nraw;gLj; Jjy; 10012 njq; Fr; nra;ifapid kWrP uikj; jy; 25013 Njapiy> ,wg; gu;> njq; F Muha; r;rp epWtdq; fis gyg; gLj; jy; 20014 rPdp kw; Wk; gid Muha; r;rp epWtdq; fis gyg; gLj; jy; 10015 thridg; nghUl;fisj; jug; gLj; Jjy; 15016 fWth Muha; r;rp myF 5017 fWth mgptpUj; jp mjpfhurig 5018 fWth gapw; rpg; ghlrhiy 5019 Njrpa tpQ;Qhd kd; wk; 5020 2500 nfhj; jzpf; fpuhkq; fs; epfo; r;rpj jpl; lk; .(; ghuhSkd; w cWg; gpdu;fSf; fhf

gd; Kfg; gLj;jg; gl; l tuTnryT xJf; fPL cs;slq;fyhf) 21,00021 nghUshjhu tyaq; fisj; jhgpj; jy; . 20022 Njrpa Rw; whly; ghJfhg; G epfo; r;rpj; jpl;lk; 2,00023 td rP tuhrpfs; ghJfhg; G 1,00024 Ez; > rpwpa kw; Wk; eLj; junjhopy; Kaw; rpahsu; fld; cj; juthj epjpak; 50025

Kjd; ikf; ifj; njopy; fs; 2,00026 nghUshjhuj; jpid b[ply; kag; gLj; Jjy; 10,00027 Epy tq; fpapid jhgpj; jy; 50028 Fpuhkpa tP likg; G 4,50029 ifj; njopy; jpwd; mgptpUj; jp epu;khzk; 50030 Rw;Wsh jpwd; mgptpUj; jp 10031 vk.I.rP .<khehl; L kz;lgk; 3,00032 ghuk;gupa efuk; vd; w tifapy; fhyp Nfhl; ilapid mgptpUj;jp nra; jy; 50033 Epjp epWtd kP s; fl; likg; G epWtdj; jpw;fhd rk gq; F %yjdk; 1034 rpNu~;l gpuirfSf; fhd tl; b khdpak; 1,50035 ,yq; if fzf;fPl; L kw; Wk; fzf; fha; T juhjuq; fs; ehza rigapid gyg; gLj; Jjy; 10036 Kwp tpLtpg; G epiyankhd; wpidj; jhgpj; jy; 50037 Mrpupau; gapw; rpepfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk; . 1,00038 Mrpupau;fspd; jpwd; mgptpUj; jp epfo;r; rpj; jpl; lq;fs; 2,00039 ghlrhiyfSf; fhd Jg; guNtw; ghl; L trjpfs; 4,000

40

ghlrhiyfSf;F kpd; rhuk; toq; Fjy; 2,00041 Muk;gg; ghlrhiyfis juKau; j;Jjy; 10,00042 1000 ,uz;lhe; jug; ghlrhiyfSf; fhf trjpfis toq; Fjy; 15,00043 1360 ghlrhiyfSf;F mbg; gil trjpfis toq; Fjy; . 30,00044 ngUe; Njhl; ; lg; ghlrhiyfs; 25 ,id juKau;j; Jjy; 25045 ghlrhiyfspy; tpQ;Qhdf; fy; tpapid Nkk; gLj; jy; 45046 gw; Rfhjhu trjpfis Nkk; gLj; jy; 25047 k`hnghy gy; fiyf; fofj; jpidj; jhgpj; jy; 3,00048 Wifi trjpfs; kw;Wk; kbf; fzzp nfhs; tdTf; fhd cjtp 30049 ngsj; j>ghyp gl; l Nkw;gbg; G epWtfk; 50050 gy; fiyf; fof cl; fl; likg; G mgptpUj; jp 6,00051 fzf; fha; tpay; jpwd; mgptpUj; jp 3052 njhopw;gapw;rp kw;Wk; njhopy; El; gf; fy; tp 3,00053 ,isQu; fis tYT+l; ;Ljy; 3,00054 FUjp Rj; jpfupg;G epiyaq;fs; 6,500

55

nghyd; eWitapy; rpWePuf kUj; Jtkid 2,00056 03 Gw;WNeha; kUj; Jtkidfisj; jhgpj;jy; 3,00057 mEuhjGu>aho;ghzk; kw;Wk; FUzhfy kUj; Jtkidfis juKau;j; Jjy; 3,00058 Rfhjhu cj;jpNahfj; ju; fisg; gapw; Wtpj; jy; 25059 [atu; jdGu kUj; Jtkidapid jpUj; jpaikj; jy; 1,50060 [atu; jdGu kUj; Jtkid jhjpau; glrhiyapid Nkk; gLj;jy; 2,500

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124

Kd;nkhopT &gh.kpy; 61 gf; fthj Neha; ;; rpfpr; iraspg; G epiyaq; fis mikj; jy; 5,00062 Gw;WNeha>; rpWePuf Neha; kw; Wk; nlq; F njlu; ghd Muha;r; rp 25063 Gj;jhf; f KLf; fpapid cUthf; fy; 10064 Edry epiyaq; fisj; juKau; j;Jjy; 10065 Gyikr; nrhj; J cupikfs; 10066 KjpNahUf; fhd Njrpa Nguit 1067 Njrpa rpWtu; ; ghJfhg; G mjpfhu rig 10068 rpWtu guhkupg; ghsu; gapw; rfis mq; fPfupj; jy; 5069 nghyp]; epiyaq; fisj; jhgpj; jy; 1,00070 Nghf;Ftuj; Jg; nghyP ]hUf; fhd gapw; rpfs; 10071 nghyp]; cj; jpNahfj; ju; fspd; rk;gs Kuz; ghLfs; ePf;Fjy; 3,00072 tiyaikg; G njhlu;ghly; fs; nghyp]hUf;F toq;Fjy; 25073 yf; rNjr tpepNahf tiyg; gpd;dypid Nkk; gLj; jy;; 1,00074 cs;ehl; L ,iwtup>kJtup>jghw; jpizf; fsk; kw;Wk; Njrpa nyj; ju; rig

vd; gdtw; wpw;fhf Gjpa fl; llk; 2,00075 Mur Jiw fzf; fhsu; fSf; F njhopw; jifikfistoq; Fjy; 5076 tpNrl nraw; ghLfs; njhlu; ghd mikr; Rf; fhd xJf; fPL 15077 ntspehl; L JhJtuhz; ik NritapYs; s cj; jpNahfj; jufsJ gps; isfspd; fy; tpf; F

trjpaspj; jy; 15078 A+iy NtiyepWjjw; fhuu;fSf; fhd xl; Lnkhj; jf; nfhLg; gdT 50079 ePjpkd;w epUthfj; jpid Nkk; gLj;jy; 50080 rl; l kWrP uikg; Gf;fs; 50081 ePjpj;Jiw gapw; rp epUtdq; fis tYg; gLj;Jjy; 50082 jfty; njhopy;El; gj;jpid jutifg; gLj; Jfpd; w epfo; r;rpj; jpl;lk; 100

83 Kr; rf; fu tz; bfis vupnghUs; ghtidapypUe; ; J kpd; ghtidf; Fepiykhw;Wtjw; fhd tl; b khdpak; 50

84 Nghf;Ftuj; J FwpaP lhf; fpfis mwpKfg; gLj; ; Jy; 50085 nfhOk; G-mtrhnts; s Gifapujg; ghij 1,50086 g]; kw; Wk; Gifapujg; Nghf; Ftuj; jpid tpupTgLj; Jjy; > 1,00087 aho; g;ghz Gifapujg; ghijapid Nkk; gLj; jy; 20088 ,e; J rKj; jpu fly; tptfhu $l; Lj; jhgdk; 5089 ifj; njhopw; Ngl; ilfs; kw;Wk; tptrha njhopy; El; gtpaypid Nkk; gLj; jy; 50090 tPjp tiyaikg;gpid mgptpUj; jp nra; jy; 15,00091 Nfhl;lh - fLtiy tP jpapid cau; j; jg; ngw; w tP jpahf; fy; 10,00092 Nfhl; il EisT tP jp 4,00093 tlf; F-fpof; F neLQ; rhiy 1,00094 ePu; topg; Nghf; Ftuj; J 25095 ahd; Xah fUj; jpl; lk; 1,00096 Khefu kw; Wk; Nky; khfhz mgptpUj; jp 10,00097 efu; Gw mgptpUj;jp 2,50098 njd; khfhz mgptpUj; jp 1,00099 tlNky; khfhz mgptpUj; jp 2,500100 GGjK nghyd;eWit epfo; r;rpj; jpl; lk; 10,000101 tlf; F kw;Wk; fpof; F mgptpUj; jp 14,000102 Njhl;l cl; fl; likg; G mgptUj;jp 1,000103 cs; Suhl; rp rigfis gyg; gLj; jy; 1,500104 fiyQu; fSf; fhd gq; fspg; G Xa; T+jpaj; jpl; lj;jpw;fhd Muk; g %yjdk; 25105 vf; ]pk; tq; fpf; fhd Muk;g %yjdk; 50106 tpisahl; Lf;fis mgptpUj; jp nra; jy; 1,000107 ,yq; if juhjuq; fs; epWdk; kw; Wk; ifj; njhopy; njhopy; El; gtpay; epWtdk;

vd; gtw; iw gyg; gLj; jy; 200108 ,aw; if mdu;j; jq; fSf; nfjpuhd fhg; GWjp 300109 nfhs; if tFg; G kw;Wk; gFg;gha;T 200110 ,yQ; r Coy; Mizf; FOtpw; fhd trjpfs; 500111 ifj; njopy; tyaq; fis mgptpUj; jp nra; jy; 700

112 el khLk; kUj; Jtkidfs; 200113 N[.Mu; ; [atu; jd kj; jpa epiyak; - nfhs; jpwd; mgptpUj; jp 50114 ghuhSkd;w mYty; fis kP s; fl; likg; G nra; jy; 250

nkhjjk 253,325Mf;fk; - Njrpa tuT nryTj; jpl; l jpizf; fsk;

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gpddpizgG III

nkhj; jfldngWifNjitgghLfs - 2016

(fzf; fPl;LnfhLf; fythq; fy; fSf; fhdVwghLfs; )

tplak; &gh.gpy; .

nkhj; jtUkhdngWifNjitg; ghLfs; - 2016 2,005

kPs; nfhLg; gdTfs; cs; slq; fyhfnkhj; jnfhLg; gdTfs; 3,389

Kw;gzf; fzf; Fnjhopw; ghLfSf; fhdVw; ghLfs; 5

ngWiffs; kw; Wk; nfhLg; gdTfspy; fzf;FNtWghLkP jhdMgj; JVw;ghL 80

murcliknjhopy; Kaw; rpIe; njhifkP s; fl; likg; Gf;fhdKwpfs; toq; fy; 120

vjpu;ghuhg; nghWg;Gf; fs; 30

murhq; fg; gpizaq; fspd; Gj; jf / fhRg; ngWkjpjpUj; jk; 80

murhq; ffzf; Ffspy; gjpag; glNtz; bankhj; jfld; Njitg; ghL 1,699

mtw; wpd; nkhj; jgLfld; nfhLg; gdT 649

%yk; - NjrpatuTnryTj; jpl;ljpizf; fsk; kw; Wk; jpiwNrupnraw; ghLfs; jpizf; fsk;

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126

gpddpizgG IV

tuTnryTjjpllRUffk (2012-2016) 1,2

&gh.gpy;.

tplak; 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016t.nr.jpllk;

nkhjjtUkhdKk; khdpaqfSk 1,118 1,204 1,264 1,478 2,047nkhjjtUkhdk 1,102 1,188 1,254 1,468 2,032

tuptUkhdk; 909 1,006 1,050 1,284 1,584tUkhdtup 173 206 198 249 233nghUl; fs; Nritfs; kPjhdtup 520 572 616 786 993ntspehl; Ltu; j; jfk; kPjhdtup 217 228 236 248 358

tupay; yhjtUkhdk; 143 132 145 126 378khfhz rig tupgqFfSk; tUkhdkhwwy; fSk; 50 51 59 58 70

khdpaqfs; 16 16 9 10 15nkhjjnrtpdk; 1,607 1,720 1,855 2,153 2,787

kPz; nlOk 1,181 1,256 1,382 1,648 1,928kh.rigfs; cs; slq;fshfrk; gsq; fSk; $ypfSk; 386 432 486 615 658kh.rigfs; cs; slq;fshf Vida nghUl; fs; kw; Wk; Nritfs; 135 104 141 163 313tl; b 408 444 436 492 520cjTnjhiffSk; khw; wy;fSk; 251 276 318 378 437

murhq; fKjyP L 444 481 487 517 868fy; tpAk; RfhjhuKk; 46 56 78 98 210cl; fl;likg; G 398 425 408 419 658

Vida -18 -17 -14 -12 -9tUkhdkpif (+)/ gwwhfFiw (-) -80 -68 -128 -180 104Muk;gkpif (+)/ gw;whf;Fiw (-) -80 -72 -155 -183 -220t.nr.jp.kpif (+)/ gw;whf;Fiw (-) -489 -516 -591 -675 -740nkhjjepjpaspg; G 489 516 591 675 740

nkhjjntspehlLepjpaspg; G 181 68 212 156 183ntspehlLngWiffs Njwpa 365 179 329 453 519

fUj; jpl; lkw; Wk; epfo;r; rpj; jpl; lfld; fs; 235 187 246 258 309ntspehl; Ltu; j; jfk; 130 -8 83 195 210

gLfld; kPs;nfhLg; gdT -184 -111 -118 -297 -336nkhjjcsehl; Lepjpaspg; G 308 448 380 519 557

tq; fpapy;yhjepjpaspg; Gfs; 71 95 252 110 275

jp.Kwpfs; >jp.cz; bay; >ntspehl; LKjyP L 106 56 1 90 100tq; fpfld; ngWiffs; 132 297 127 319 182

tUkhdk; kw; Wk; khdpak; / nkh.c.c. (%) 12.8 12.6 12.3 13.1 16.4nkhj; jtUkhdk; / nkh.c.c. (%) 12.6 12.4 12.2 13.0 16.3

tuptUkhdk; / nkh.c.c. (%) 10.4 10.5 10.2 11.4 12.7tupapy; yhtUkhdk; / nkh.c.c. (%) 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.1 3.0kh.r.tUkhdgfpu;Tkhw; wg;gl; ltUkhdk; / nkh.c.c. (%) 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6

khdpak; / nkh.c.c. (%) 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1nrytpdk / nkh.c.c. (%) 18.4 17.9 18.0 19.1 22.3

eilKiwr; nrytpdk; / nkh.c.c. (%) 13.5 13.1 13.4 14.6 15.4tl; bapy; yhjit / nkh.c.c. (%) 8.8 8.5 9.2 10.2 11.3tl;b / nkh.c.c. (%) 4.7 4.6 4.2 4.4 4.2

murhq; fKjyP L/ nkh.c.c. (%) 5.1 5.0 4.7 4.6 6.9tUkhdkpif (+)/ gw;whf;Fiw (-)/ nkh.c.c. (%) -0.9 -0.7 -1.2 -1.6 0.8Muk;gkpif (+)/ gw;whf;Fiw (-)/ nkh.c.c. (%) -0.9 -0.8 -1.5 -1.6 -1.8t.nr.jp.kpif (+)/ gw;whf;Fiw (-)/ nkh.c.c. (%) -5.6 -5.4 -5.7 -6.0 -5.9%yk; : murpiwj; jpizf; fsk;1. khfhzrigfSf; fhdkhw; wy; tUkhdq; fSk; nrytpdq; fSk; cs;slq; fyhf.2. cj; NjrtUkhdk; kw; Wk; nryptdk; cs;slq; fyhf.

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127

njhopyEl; gf; FwpgGfs;

tuTnryTj jpll KdnkhopTfs 2016 – thp eilKiw

tUkhd thp ( 2006k Mz; L 10Mk ,yf; f cs; ehlL ,iwthpr; rl; lj; jpwfhdjpUjjqfs;)

rYif tPj thp

1.1.1 tptrhak

fkgdpapdhy NkwnfhssggLk; tpijfs kwWk; ehw;Wf;fspd mgptpUj; jp :

cs; Shhpy; tpUj; jp nra; ag; gl; l tpijfs; kw; Wk; ehw;Wf;fspy; ,Ue; jhd ,yhgq; fspd; kPJ nrYj; jj; jFthpapy; 50 % Fiwg; G5 tUl fhyq; fSf; F toq; fg; gLk; .

[ gphpT 16 M jpUj; jg; gLk; ]

nrhl; L eP Hgghrdk> grira tlLj njhopyElgk; kwWkcaH tpisrry tpijfs :

nrhl; L eP Hg;ghrdk; > gr; iratP l;Lj; njhopy; El; gk;kw;Wk; caH tpisrry; tpijfisg ; gad; gLj; Jk; fkgdpfspd; tptrha ,yhgj; jpy; ,Ue; J nrYj; jj; jF thpapy; 50 %

Fiwg; G 5 tUl fhyq; fSf; F toq; fg; gLk; .

,e; Nehf; fj; jpw;fhf gr; iratP l;Lj; njhopy; El; gk;> nrhl; LePHg;ghrdk; kw; Wk; caH tpisr; ry; tpijfs; tiutpyf; fzg; gLj; jg; gLk; .

goqfs; kwWk kuffwpf ifjnjhopy :

goq; fs; kw;Wk; kuf; fwpfis jfug; nghjpg; gLj; jYf; Fg;

gad; gLj; jg; gLk; ,ae; jpuk; njhlHgpy; Kw; gLj; jg; gl; lNja; khd tpLnjhif toq; fg; gLk; .

gphpT 25 kw;Wk; 34 jpUj; jg; gLk; .

1.1.2 Ez> rpwpa kw; Wk; eLjju njhopwKawrpfspd; mgptpUj;jp

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128

nfhOk; G gq; Fg; ghptHj; jidapd; rpwpa kw; Wk; eLj; junjhopy; Kaw; rpr; rigapy; gjpTnra; ag; gl; l rpwpa kw; Wk; eLj; ju njhopy; Kaw; rpfisNkk; gLj; jk; nghUl; LtHj; jfj; ijf; nfhz; L elhj; Jk; kl; lk; tiuapy; epjptoq; Fk; jdpahH chpikg; gq; F epjpak; my; yJ $l; LKaw; rp %yjdf; fk; gdpfSf; F me; epjp toq; fspy; ,Ue; jhd ,yhgq; fspy; ,Ue; J nrYj; jj; jF thpapy; 50 %Fiwg; G 5 tUl fhyq; fSf; F toq; fg; gLk; .

Fwpf;fg; gl; l gpuNjrq; fspy; KjyP Lfis Nkw; nfhs; Sfpd; wrpwpa kw;Wk; eLj; ju njhopy; Kaw; rpfSf; fhd (jw; NghOJ,Uf; Fk; fk; gdpiag; gphpf;fhJ my; yJ kP l; fl; likg; Gnra; ahJ) nfhj; jzpia cUthf; Fk; rpwpa kw; Wk; eLj; ju njhopy; Kaw; rpahsHfspd; nraw; ghLfspy; ,Ue; JtUk; ,yhgq; fspd; kPJ nrYj; jj; jF thpapy; 50 % Fiwg;G3 tUl fhyq; fSf; F toq; fg; gLk; .

,e; Nehf; fj; jpw;fhfrpwpa kw; Wk; eLj; ju njhopy; Kaw; rpkw;Wk; ‘$l; L Kaw; rp %yjdf; fk; gdpfs; kw; Wk; chpikg; gq; F epjpaj; jpd; nraw; ghLfis milahsk; fhzy; ’Gxqk<Kjvg< gh<hMl</

1.1.3 ceJiffFhpa ifjnjhopy Cf; FtpgG :cs; Shhpy; jahhpf; fg; gLk; nrk; kz; $iu XLfspy; ,Ue; jhd ,yhgq; fspd; kPJ nrYj; jj; jFthpapy; 50 % Fiwg; G 3 tUl fhyq; fSf; F toq; fg; gLk; .

1.1.4 Vida JiwfSffhd rYiffs;

ahNuDk; egnuhUthpdhy; fP o;tUk; nraw; ghLfs; nfhz; Lelhj; jg; gLk; nghOJ mjpypUe; J vOk; ,yhgj; jpd; kPJnrYj; jj; jF thpapy; 50 % Fiwg; G 5 tUl fhyq; fSf; Ftoq; fg; gLk; .

i. KjpNahH my; yJ Foe; ijg; guhkhpg; igNehf; fpw; nfhz; LrHtNjr rhd; wopf;fg; gl; l fw; if newpfis my; yJ gapw; rpepfo; r;rpj;jpl; lq; fis toq; Ffpd; w VNjDk; fy;tpepWtdq; fshf ,Uj; jy; .

ii. KjpNahUf; fhd tP l;L trjpfs; fl; Lkhdj; jpy; <LgLgtHfs;

iii. mur NritahsHfSf; F> muRld; ,ize; J tP l;LmyFfis epHkhzpj; jy; kw; Wk; tpw; gid nra; jy; .

$l; lq; fs; > Cf; Ftpg; Gfs; > fUj; juq; Ffs; kw; Wk; fz; fhl; rpfs; (MICE) vd; gtw; Wf;fhf tpNrlkhf$l; bizf; fg; gl; l ahNjDk; fk; gdpnahd; wpdhy; mj; jifaeltbf; ifapypUe; J <l; lg; gLk; ,yhgq; fspd; kPJnrYj; jj; jF thpapy; 50 % Fiwg; G> mf; Fwpj;j fk; gdpapd; tzpfr; nraw; ghL Muk; gpj;jjpy; ,Ue; J 3 tUl

fhyq; fSf; F toq; fg; gLk; .

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VyNtAs; s njhopw; rhiyia etP dkag; gLj; jy; ClhfVw;gLk; tphpthf; fj; jpd; fhuzkhf 1.4.2016k; jpfjpapy; ,Ue; J xU tUl fhyj; jpw;Fs; Ntiytha; g;igcUthf; ff; $ba fk; gdpfSf; F> me; j ,iaghd,yhgg; gFjp %d; W tUlfhyj; jpw;F miuthrp thptpfpjj; jpy; thp tpjpf; fg; gLk; .

,e; Nehf; fj; jpw;fhf tiuaiwfs; Fwpj; Jiuf; fg; gLk;

vkJ Njrpa gy; fiyf; fofq; fSf; F Muha; r;rpapy; gq; Fgw;Wtjw; F toq; fg; gl; l mwf; nfhilfs; Clhf>ehl; bd; caH fy; tpapy; Gul;rpia Vw; gLj; Jtjpy; gq; fhspahtjw; FMl; fis Cf; Ftpf; Fk; nghUl; L>Muha; r;rp kw; Wk; mgptpUj; jp eltbf; iffSf;F fhzg;gLk; Kf; fopg;gdTfs; vkJ Njrpa gy; fiyf; fofq; fSf; Ftoq; fg; gLk; mwf; nfhilfSf; Fk; ePbf; fg; gLk; .

epHkhzf ifjnjhopy eilKiwapy; cs; s Nja; khdtpLnjhiff; F Nkyjpfkhf fly; kz; izJha; ikg; gLj; Jtjw; F mtrpakhd ,ae; jpuj; jpd; iff; nfhs; sy; fpuar; nrythdJ> jfikf; nfhLg; gdthfmDkjpf; fg; gLk; .

Kjyl; L CfFtpgG

1.2.1 Gjpa meepar nryhtzp KfhikjJtr rllk :

ntspehl; L %yjdq; fis trjpaspf; Fk; nghUl; L Gjparl; lnkhd; W mwpKfg; gLj; jg; gLk; . Njitahdtplj; J cs; ehl; L,iwthpr; rl; lk; > mk; KjyP LfSf; Fk; kw; Wk; ntspehl; L me; epar; nrythzp cs; tUtjw; Fk; tUkhd thp tpyf; fspg; Gtoq; Ftjw; F trjpaspf; Fk; nghUl; L jpUj; jg; gLk; .

1.2.2 gpui[ my; yhjtHfspdhy; my; yJ ntspehl; Lf; fk; gdpfspdhy; cs; tuT mDg; Gifapd; Clhf gl; bayplg; gl; l fk; gdpfspy; Nkw;nfhs; sg; gLk; KjyP Lfspy; ,Ue; J ngwg; gLk; gq; fpyhgtUkhdq; fs; thp tpyf; fspg; Gf;Fl; gLk; .

1.2.3 gpdjqfpa gpuhejpaqfSffhd Kjyl; Lr rYif :

2015k; Mz; by; mwpKfg; gLj; jg; gl; l jw; Nghija rYiffSf; Fg; gjpyhf Gjpa rYiffs; mwpKfg;gLj; jg; gLk; ;

Fiwe; jgl; rk; mnkhhpf; f nlhyH 10 kpy; ypaid KjyP lhff; nfhz; l my; yJ 500 Gjpa njhopy; tha; g;Gffis (Gjpa C.Nr.ep,yf; fq; fSld; ) cUthf; ff; $ba cw; gj; jpapy; (kJghdk; my; yJ Gifapiy jtpHe; j) my; yJ Nrit toq; Fjypy; <LgLk; xH Gjpa fk; gdp (jw; NghOJ ,Uf; Fk; fk; gdpiag; gphpf;fhJmy; yJ kP l; fl; likg; G nra; ahJ) gpd; jq; fpa gpuhe;jpaj; jpy; cUthf; fg; gLkhapd; > mjd; tpahghu eltbf; if Muk; gpf;fg; gl; ljpdj; jpy; ,Ue; J 5 tUl fhyg; gFjpfSf; F nrYj; jj; jF thpapy;

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50% Fiwg; gdT nra; ag; gLk; .

NkYk; njhopy; tha; g;G 800I tpQ; Rkhapd; Fwpj; j rYif 8tUlq; fSf; Fk; >mJ fUj; jpl; l g+q; fhthapd; 10 tUlq; fSf; Fk; ePbf; fg; gLk; .

[ gphpT 59I> 59X kw; Wk; 59X tpd; fP o; toq; fg; gl; Ls; s thprYiffs; thpj; jpUj; jk; fhuzkhf mtrpakw; witapdhy;

ePf; fg; gLk; .].

1.2.4

gq; F ghptHj; jid rigapy; gl; baypLtjw; F> cs; ehl; L ,iwthprl;lj; jpd; fP o; fhzg; gLk; 50 % Fiwg; G njhlHghf jw; NghJs; s,Wjpj; jpfjpahd 01 Vg; gpuy; 2017 fP o;tUkhW eP bf; fg; gl; Ls; sJ. :

(i) nfhOk; G gq; Fg; ghptHj; jid rigapy; gl; baypLtjw; F 2tUlq; fs; ; my; yJ

(ii) ntspehl; L gq; F ghptHj; jid rigapy; gl; baypLtjw; F 3tUlq; fs; [ gphpT 59< jpUj;jg; gLk; ]

1.2.5 mur gq; Ffs; fhzg; gLk; ngUe; Njhl; lf; fk; gdpfspd; Njapiymy; yJ ,wg; gH gapw;nra; ifapy; ,Ue; jhd ,yhgq; fs; kw; Wk; tUkhdk; 01.04.2016k; jpfjpapy; ,Ue; J 2 tUl fhyg; gFjpfSf; Fthp tpyf; F mspf; fg; gLk; .

1.2.6 thp tpLjiyAk tpyffspgGfSk

cghakhHf; f mgptpUj; jpr; rl; lkhdJ> mj; jifarl; lj; jpd; fP o; rYiffs; fhzg; gLfpdw jw; Nghijafk; gdpfSf; F gaDWjptha; e;j tifapy; njhlUk; . GjpaKjyP Lfs; njhlHgpy; cghakhHf; fr; rl; lj; jpw;Fg; gjpyhf

;Gjpa KjyP l;Lr; rl; lk; ’ ,aw; wg;gLk; .

VNjDk; KjyP LfSf; F toq; fg; gLk; rYiffs; epjpmikr; rhpd; Nkw; ghHitf; Fk; fz; fhzpg; Gf;Fk; kpfj; jPtpukhf cl; gLtJld; > mikr; rpdhy; tpepNahfpf; fg; gLk; xOq; Ftpjpfspdhy; ghpghypf; fg;gLk; .KjyP l;Lr; rig kw; Wk; cs; ehl; L ,iwthpj; jpizf; fsk; vd; gd toq; fg; gl; l thpr; rYiffspd; mKyhf; fk; kw; Wk; trjpaspj; jy; vd; gd jtpu Gjpa thp tpLKiwfistoq; fkhl; lhJ.

Vida khwwqfs / jpUjjqfs; :

1.3.1 fhg; GWjp ifj; njhopw;Jiwf; Fk; Kfhikj; Jtf; fl; lzk;

tiutpyf; fzg; gLj; jg; gLk; .

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1.3.2 Ma; T kw; Wk; mgptpUj; jp nryTf; fhd Kf; fopg;gdT njhopy; El; gKd; Ndw;wk; kw; Wk; tpisr; ry; mgptpUj; jp vd; gd epUgpf; fg; gLk;gl; rj; jpy; khj; jpuk; mDkjpf; fg; gLk; .

[ gphpT 25 kw; Wk; 92 vd; gd jpUj; jg; gLk; ]

1.3.3

ntspehl; Lf; fld; fspd; kPjhd tl; b tpyf; fspg; ghdJ>ntspehl; L tq; fpfspy; my; yJ epjp epWtdq;fspy; ,Ue; Jngwg;gl; l fld; fSf; F khj; juk; tiuaWf; fg; gLk; .

[ gphpT 9 jpUj; jg; gLk; ]

1.3.4

thp tpLjiyf; fhyj;jpd; gpd; duhd gq; fpyhgk; kPjhd rpy thptpyf; fspg; Gfs; ePf;fg; gLk; .


1.3.5

01 Vg;gpuy; 2016k; jpfjpapy; Muk; gpf;Fk; ahNjDk; thpkjpg;ghz; Lf; fhd thp kP sspg; Gf; Nfhhpf; ifahdJ Fwpj;jkPsspg; G Nfhhpf;ifapy; ,Ue; J 3 tUl fhyg; gFjpf; Fs; ,Wjpj; jPHkhdk; Nkw; nfhs; sg; gLjy; Ntz; Lk; . mt; tpjk; ,Wjpj; jPHkhdk; vl; lg; glhjtplj; J Fwpj; j kP sspg; G vjpHfhy Fwpj; jthpg; nghWg; Gf;F vjpuhf vjphP PL nra; ag; gLk; .

[rl; lj; jpd; chpa Vw; ghLfs; jpUj; jg; gLk; ]

1.3.6 ‐ thp nrYj; JdHfs; kw;Wk; thpj; njhopy; GhpAdHfspd; thpNrfhpg;G kw;Wk; thp ,zf; fg; ghL vd; gtw; iwgyg; gLj; jtjw; fhfTk; : kw; Wk;

‐ ‘khw;wy; tpiy ’ chpa mKyhf; fj; jpw;fhfTk;

jz; lid Vw; ghLfs; mKy; gLj; jg; gLk; .

1.3.7 tUkhd epHthfk; kw; Wk; Kfhikj; Jt jfty; KiwikiamKy; gLj; jtjw; F chpa jpUj; jq; fs; (mtrpakhd ,lq; fspy; )$l; bizf; fg; gLk; .

1.3.8

AAT cWg; gpdHfisr; NrHj; jjd; %yk; gphpT 107,d; Njitf; fhftphpthf; fg; gl; l ‘mq; fPfhpf;fg; gl; l fzf; fhsH ’ vDk; gjk; ‘&gh100 kpy; ypaid tpQ; rhj Gus; T ’ vd fzf; fha; Tgug;ngy;iyia tiuaWg; gjd; %yKk; mj; Jld; > eilKiwapy; cs; s nghUj; jkhd xOq; FgLj; jy; KiwikAld; xj; jpirthf>cs; ehl; L ,iwthpr; rl; lj; jpd; fP o; gzpfis Kd; ndLj; jr; nry; tjw; F mtrpakhd Gyikia njhlHGila mj; jdpegH

ngw;Wf;nfhz; lhH vd jpUg; jpg;gl; lthwhf cs; ehl; LMizahsH ehafj; jpdhy; mq; fPfhuk; toq; Ftjw; fhdVw;ghLfis Nkw; nfhs; tjw; Fk; kPs; Nehf; fg; gLk; .

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1.3.9 cs; ehl; LnfhLf; fy; thq; fy; fs; kPjhd khw; wy; tpiy epHthfk; ,yFgLj; jg; gLtJld; >,ize; j nryTfs; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sikiaftdj; jpy; nfhz; L gug; ngy;iyia tiuaWj; Jtplaq; fs; Fwpj;Jiuf; fg; gLk;.

[ gphpT 104 kw; Wk; 104 m jpUj; jg; gLtJld; > chpa tHj; jkhdpmwptpj; jy; ntspaplg; gLk; .]

1.3.10 &gh 25 kpy; ypad; my; yJ mjw; F Nky; thp nrYj; Jk; jdpegHfSf; F tpNrl tug; gpurhjq; fs; toq; fg; gLk; .mt; thpg;gpurhjq; fs; njhlHgpy; xH tHj; jkhdp mwptpj; jypd; Clhf xOq; FgLj; jg; gLtJld; > Njitahd rl; l Vw; ghLfs; $l; bizf; fg; gLk; .

1.3.11 tq; fp kw; Wk; epjpapay; epWtdq; fspd; xUq; fpizg; Gr; nrad; Kiwapd; fP o;> fopg; gdT Vw; fdNt nrythffhzg; gLfpd; wikahy; > tq; fpfs; kw; Wk; epjpf; fk; gdpfspd; iff; nfhs; sy; my; yJ ,izTf; fpuaj; Jld; njhlHGilaMFnryTfs; kPJ jifikf; nfhLg; gdT epthuzk; mwpKfg; gLj; jg;gl; likahdJ eP f;fg; gLfpd;wJ.

[ gphpT 34 gpd; Ndhf; fpj; jpUj; jg; gLk; .]

tUkhd thp eilKiwia ,yFgLjjy

tUkhd thpf; fl; likg; ig ,yFgLj; Jk; nghUl; L fP o;tUk; Vw;ghLfs; Nkw;nfhs; sg; gLk; .

(i) thp tP jf; fl; likg; ghdJ ,U thp tP jq; fSf; FtiuaWf; fg; gLtJld; epak tP jk; 15% tPjkhfTk; kw; Wk; caHtPjk; 30% tP jkhfTk; khw; wpaikf; fg; gLfpd; wJ.

(m ) gpd;tUk; ,yhgq; fs; kw; Wk; tUkhdk; kPJ caH thp tP jk; (30%) gpuNahfpf; fj; jf; fJ> :

- ge;ja kw; Wk; #jhl; lk; - kJghdk; - Gifapiy - fhg; GWjp> epjpf; Fj; jif kw; Wk; njhlHGila

nraw; ghLfs; cl; gl tq; fpapay; kw;Wk; epjpj; Jiw .- kbiiqh<H nz< zK Osju upr< gz< kuqIf< k olik< k lx< Xl<

sqz<zjx uqbiihvl< Vida midj; Jj; JiwfSk; epak tP jkhd 15% tP jthpf; Fl; gLk; ;

(M) thp tpLnjhif tUlnkhd; wpw;F &gh 2.4 kpy;ypadhf

(khjhe;jk; &gh 2>00>000) mjpfhpf; fg; gLtjd; fhuzkhf jdpegH kP JgpuNahfpf;fg; glf; $ba tpUj; jpKiw thp eP f;fg; gLk; . mj; Jld; >kpFjpj; njhifapd; kPJ epak thp tP jkhd 15% tPjk; gpuNahfpf;fg; gLk; ;

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(,)Nkw; Fwpg;g;gpl;l thp Kiwik ciof; Fk; nghOJnrYj; Jk; thpia nrYj;Jtjw; Fhpa CopaHfSf; Fk; kw; Wk; RanjhopyhsHfSf;Fk; gpuNahfpf; fg; gLk; .

(<) Gjpa thp tpLnjhif FWkl; lj; ijf; fUj; jpy; nfhz; L>jdpegHfs; > jHk jhgdq; fs; vd; gtw;wpd; epajpr; rl; l tUkhdk; kw;Wk; thpkjp tUkhdk; vd; gdtw; wpy; ,Ue; JNkw;nfhs; sg; gLk; fopg;gdTfs; ePf;fg; gLfpd; wd. vdpDk; >tHj; jfk; > tpahghuk; > caHnjhopy; my; yJ tho; f; ifj; njhopy; vd; gtw; wpy; Vw;gLk; el; lq; fs; tiuaiwf; Fl; gl; ljhffopg;gjw; F mDkjpf; fg; gLk; ;

(c) gpd; tUtdtw; iwj; jtpHe; j cs; ehl; L ,iwthpr; rl; lj; jpd; gphpT 8,y; Fwpg;gplg;gl; Ls; s ,yhgq; fs; kPjhd thp tpyf; fspg; GePf;fg; gLfpd; wJ :

- murhq; f CopaHfSf; F jpul; ba epjpaj; jpy; ,Ue; Jtoq; fg; gLk; ,isg; ghw;wy; ed; ikfs; kw; Wk; xa; T+jpaf; nfhLg; gdTfs; ;

- ntspehl; L Ntiytha; g;gpd; %yk; <l; lg; gLk; me; epar; nrythzpapyhd ciog; G. mJ ,yq; iff; FmDg; ggg;gLkhapd; khj; jpuk;;

- ntspehl; L Jhjufq; fs; kw; Wk; ,uh[je; jphpfSf; fhdtpyf; fspg; G;

- ,isg; ghwypd; NghJ tpLtpf; fg; gLk; Nrkyhg epjp kP jp.- epge;jidfSf; Fl; gl; ljhf njhopy; ,og; G el; l<L

Vida midj; J gzk; kw; Wk; gzky; yhj ed; ikfs(Copa ed; ikfshf fUjg; gl; lit) thpaw; w tpLnjhifiatpQ; Rkhapd; tUkhd thpf; Fl; gLk; .

(C) xd; Wf;F Nkw; gl; l CopajUehpd; fP o; njhopy; GhpAk; CopaHfspd; mk; Nkyjpf Copa tUkhdk; 15% tPjj; jpy; thptpjpg;Gf;Fl; gLk; .

(v) gq; FlikahsH kP jhd thpAk; ,jw; fikthfrPuhf; fg; gLk; .

(V) jw; NghJ tq; fp my; yJ epjpapy; epWtdq; fspdhy; gzitg; GfSf; F toq; fg; gLk; tl; b kP J mwtplg; gLk; 2.5 % tP jepWj;jp itj; jy; thp mfw; wg;gLtJld; > mJ me; egHfspd; epajpr; rl; l tUkhdkhff; fUjg; gLk; .

(I) rpNu]; l gpui[fSf; F(60 tajpw; F Nky; ) tq; fp my; yJ epjpapy; epWtdq; fspdhy; gz itg; Gf;fspd; kPjhd tl; bf; F

toq; fg; gl; l thp tpyf; F khw; wkpd;wpf; fhzg; gLk;

(x) rl; lj; jpd; gphpT 95d; gb ehl; bw;F ntspNaahd

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jdpegHfsJ itg; gpy; ,Ue; jhd tl; b tUkhdj; jpd; kPJ 15%tPj epWj; jp itj; jy; thp gpuNahfpf; fg; gLk; . vt; thwhapDk; >,yq; if muRld; Nkw; nfhs;sg; gl; l ,ul; il thp jtpHg; Gxg;ge;jk; xd; W fhzg; gbd; mt;nthg; ge;j tP jk; gpuNahfpf;fg; gLk; .

(ii) gphpT 7,d; fP o; rpy mikg; Gf;fSf; F toq; fg; gl; l thp

tpyf; Ffs; kw; Wk; gphpT 13,d; fP ohd gy; ypd thptpyf; fspg; Gfs; ePf;fg; gLk; .

epWtd hjpahd thp tpyffspg; Gfis mfw; Wjy :

- rHtNjr epWtdq; fspd; ,yhgq; fs; kw; Wk; tUkhdk; kPjhd thp tpyf; fspg; G VNjDk; fl; lz mwtP L my; yJVNjDk; NtW tifapyhd nghJ kf; fspd; gq; fspg; Gvd; gtw; wpy; ,Ue; J vOk; %yq; fspy; ,Ue; jhd ,yhgq; fs; kw;Wk; tUkhdq; fs; jtpHe; j Vida ,yhgq; fs; kw; Wk; tUkhdj; jpw;F kl; Lg;gLj; jg; gLk; .;

- mur jpizf; fsq; fs; > ntspehl; L muRfs; > gy; fiyf; fofq; fs; > $l; LwTr; rq; fq; fs; > ehzar; rigcs; slq; fyhf ,yq; if kj; jpa tq; fp> jHk jhgdq; fs; (epge;jidfSf; F mika) kw; Wk; mur cjtp ngWk; ghlrhiyfs; jtpHe; j Vida cs; ehl; L epWtdq; fSf; Fjw;NghJ gpuNahfpf; fg; gLk; thp tpyf; fspg; ghdJ eP f;fg; gLk; .;

hz zqe uqzggtqhHgtqe fg gz :

gQp<uVl< uqzg< gtqh<Hgt< fQg<gh<hMl<:

- -zr< jgbqEt< WOkEl< KjxLgk<jk fqIli{qg< Gl< WOkEl< okipqz< Lbx< sqobie< xqje dVuig< Gl< okipqzqz< -Vf< K yV NTg< G wPl< -zihl< lx< Xl< uVliel< /

- VNjDk; xU MSf; F tpisahl; L ikjhdk; > muq; fk; my; yJ tpisahl; Lg; gy; njhFjp vd; gtw; wpd; epHthfj; jpy; ,Ue; J vOk; ,yhgk; kw; Wk; tUkhdk; .

- ahNjDk; ,yhgq; fSf; F ,ul; il thp tpjpg; G epthuzj; ijtoq;Ffpd; w> ,ul; il thpj; jtpHg; G xg; ge;jj;ij,yq; iff; Fk; kw; iwa ehl; Lf; Fk; ,ilapy; me; jkw;iwa ehl; by; nrYj; jj; jF thpapd; kPJ my; yJmj; jifa ,yhgq; fs; my; yJ tUkhdj; jpy; mk; kw;iwaehl; by; thpiar; nrYj; j Njitaw; w> tYtpy; nfhz; buhj,yq; iff; F ntspNa ,Ue; J VNjDk; xUfk; gdp> gq; Flik; my; yJ Ml; fs; FOkk; tiuaWf; fg; gl; l =yq; fd; vaH yad]; my; yJtiuaWf; fg; gl; l kpfpd; yq; fh jdpahH epWtdk; vd; gtw; wpd; tpNrl Ntz; LNfhSf; F mika mj; jifaepWtdq; fSf; F ahNjDk; fzzp nkd; nghUs;

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gad; gLk; njhlHgpy; Nkw; nfhs; sg; gl; l ahNjDk; nfhLg; gdtpy; ,Ue; J vOk; ,yhgk; my; yJ tUkhdk; .

- ,yq; ifapy; cs; s VNjDk; JiwKfj; jpDs; > ahNuDk; Ms; my; yJ gq; Flikahy; VNjDk; tpahghuj; ijmj; jifa JiwKfj; jpDs; nfhz; L elj; Jk NghJ>toq; fg; gLk; VNjDk; Nritapy; ,Ue;jhd ,yhgk; kw; Wk; tUkhdk; .

- ,yq; ifapd; VNjDk; JiwKf Kidapd; nraw; ghl; Lf; fhd VNjDk; njhopy; Kaw; rpapy; ,Ue; JahNuDk; MnshUtUf; F vOk; ,yhgk; kw; Wk; tUkhdk; .

ngWkjp NrH thp (2002k Mz; L 14k ,yff ngWkjp NrH thpr rllj jpUjjqfs; )

jw;NghJ eilKiwapy; cs; s xw;iw thp tP jk; fP o;tUkhW 3 thp fl; l

tPjq; fSf; F khw; wg;gLk; .g+[;[pa tP jk; 0%> epak tP jk; 8 %> caH tP jk; 12.5%.

nghUs; Vw;Wkjp;> ntspehl; L ehzaq; fspy; Nkw; nfhs; sg; gLk; ehl; Lf; FntspNaahd NritfSf; fhd Vw; ghL – 0 %

Nritj; Jiw – 12.5 %

h{< mk< kbiiqh< H nz< zK -xg< Glkq . 8% (8% tPj cs; sPl;L thp

tiuaWj; jYld; )

njhiynjhlHghly; cgfuzq; fs; > ,ae; jpuq;fs; > nrk; G tlk; cs; slq; fyhfnjhiynjhlHghly; Jiwf; fhd caHnjhopy; El; g cgfuzq; fs; ,wf; Fkjpnra; jy; njhlu; gpy; jw; NghJ eilKiwapy; ; thp tpyf; fspg; G ePf;fg; gLfpd; wJ.

nkhj; j kw; Wk; rpy; yiw tpahghuk; (jahhpg; ghsH my; yJ ,wf; FkjpahsHjtpHe; j)ngWkjp NrH thpapy; ,Ue; J jtpHf; fg; gLk; .

FWkl; lhdJ xH fhyhz; Lf; F &gh 3 kpy; ypad; my; yJ xU tUlj; jpw;F &gh12 kpy; ypadhf kP s; jpUj; jg; gLk; .

Njrjijf flbnaOgGk; thp [2009k MzL 09k; ,yff Njrjijf fl; bnaOg; Gk; thpapd jpUjjq; fs; ]

3.1

jw;NghJ eilKiwapy; cs; s Njrjijf; fl; bnaOg; Gk; thp 4 % tP jkhfkPs;jpUj; jg; gLk; .

3.2

fPo;tUtUk; nghUl; fs; kw; Wk; Nritfs; njhlHgpy; jw; nfhOJ fhzg; gLk; tpyf; fspg; Gfs; ePf;fg; gLk;

‐ njhiynjhlHG Nritfs; ‐ kpd;rhu toq; fy;

‐ cuha; T ePf; fp vz; nza; ‐ 3.

jw;NghJs; s FWkl; lk; &gh 3 kpy; ypadhf kP s; jpUj; jg; gLtJld; > cs; ehl; by; nfhs; tdT nra; ag; gl; l tpw; gidf; F jahHgLj; jg; gLk; tptrha cw; gj; jpjtpHe; j jw; NghJ Vidatw; Wf;F toq; fg; gl; l tpyf; fspf; fg; gl; l

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3 fhyhz; Lf; fhd FWkl; lkhd &gh 25 kpy; ypad; ePf;fg; gLfpd; wJ.

gqFg ghptHjjiz thp [ 2005k; MzL 5k; ,yff epjpr rlljjpd gFjp IIjpUjjggLk; ]

01 [dthp 2016k; jpfjpapy; ,Ue; J gq; F ghptHj; jiz thp eP f;fg; gLk; .

epHkhzf ifjnjhopy cjjuthj epjpa thp [2005k MzL 5k ,yff epjpr rl; ljjpd; gFjp III jpUj; jggLk; ]

01 [dthp 2016k; jpfjpapy; ,Ue; J epHkhzf; ifj; njhopy; cj; juthj epjpaf; thpePf;fg; gLk;.

nrhFR kwWk miur; nrhFR thfd thp [1995k; MzL 16k ,yff epjpr rl; ljjpdgFjp II jpUj; jggLk; ]

01 Vg;gpuy; 2016k; jpfjpapy; ,Ue; J nrhFR kw; Wk; miur; nrhFR thfd thp eP f;fg; gLk; .

geja kwWk; jhll thp (1988k MzL 40k; ,yff ge; ja kw; Wk; jhl; l thpjjpUjjqfs; )

(i) frpNdh fspahl; l tpLjpf; Fs; EioAk; NghJ jw; NghJ nrYj; j Ntz; bajdpegUf; fhd EioTf; fl; lzk; mnkhpf; f nlhyH 100 eP f;fg; gLk; .

(ii) &[pNdh tpisahl; L tpahghuj; ijf; nfhz; L elhj; Jifapy; jw; NghJtUlnkhd; Wf;fhd tpjpg; gdT &gh 200 kpy; ypad; &gh 5 kpy; ypadhf

Fiwf; fg; gLfpd; wJ.(iii) frpNdh tpahghuj; ijf; nfhz; L elhj; Jifapy; jw; NghJ tUlnkhd; Wf;fhd

tpjpg;gdT &gh 200 kpy; ypad; &gh 400 kpy; ypadhf mjpfhpf; fg; gLfpd; wJ.

(iv) ,ilf; fhy tuT nryTj; jpl; lj; jpy; tpjpf; fg; gl; l xU jilt khj; jpuk; nrYj; jg;gl Ntz; bapUe; j nfrpNdh ifj; njhopy; tapidr; nrYj; jhikmy; yJ nrYj; j jtWif njhlu; gpy; VNjDk; nraw; ghnlhd; W njhlu; gpy; mt; tpahghuj; jpd; ,af; Feu; fs; my; yJ gq; Fjhuu; fis jdpg; gl; l Kiwapy; nghWg;gpd; fP o; nfhz; LtUtjw; fhf epjpr; rl; lj; jpidj; jpUj; Jjy

nghUshjhur Nritf fllzk [2006k; Mz; L 13k; ,yf; f nghUshjhu Nritf; fllzjjpwfhd jpUjjqfs ]

(i) ,yhgkP l;Lk; tpahghuq; fSf; fhd jw; NghJ toq; fg; gl; Ls; s thpj; jtpHg; GePf;fg; gLfpd; wJ.

(ii) jw;Nghija tUlj; jpw;fhd caHe; jgl; r nghWg; ghd &gh 120 kpy; ypad; ePf;fg; gLk; .

(iii) thp tPjk; 0.25 % tP jj; jpy; ,Ue; J 0.5 % tP jkhf mjpfhpf; fg; gLk; .

(iv) 01 Vg;gpuy; 2016k; jpfjpapy; ,Ue; J VNjDk; tUkhd thpf; F vjpuhf vjphP Lnra; ag; gLtjw; fhd nghUshjhu Nritf; fl; lzj; ij Kd; nfhz; L nry; yy; fhykhdJ 5 tUlq; fspy; ,Ue; J 3 tUlq; fshf Fiwf; fg; gLfpd; wJ.

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[ nghUshjhu Nritfs; fl; lzj; jpd; chpa Vw; ghLfs; jpUj; jg; gLk; .

kJthpj jHit

kJghd jahhpg; G mDkjpg; gj; jpuf; fl; lzk; kw; Wk; jP Hit tP jq; fs; kP s;jpUj; jg; gLk; .

kJthpj (tpNrl jP Hitfs) jP Hit

rYiffs; kw; Wk; thpffs; kPs; jpUj; jg; gLk; .

Rqfj jHit

jw;Nghija 4 miythpir ,Wg; gdTf; fl; likg; ghd 0%, 7.5%, 15% kw;Wk; 25% vd; gd0%, 15% kw;Wk; 30% Mf jpUj; jg; gLk; .

fPo; tUk; tplaq; fSf; fhf Rq; fj; jP u;it jpUj; jpaikf; fg; gLk; :

- gPb ,iyfs; > gPb> ijj; j Milfs; > ghjzpfs; > gpaH> itd; > tp]; fp kw; Wk; vjNdhy;

- Tptrha kw; Wk; ghw; gz; iz ifj; njhopw; Jiw ,ae; jpuq;fs; kw; Wk;

cgfuzq; fs; >kw;Wk; kPd;gpb tiy- tpisahl; L cgfuzq; fs; kw;Wk; rq; fPj cgfuzq; fs;

- cy; yhrj; Njhzp> ftpif tz; b> fly; rWf; fy; cgfuzq; fs; kw; Wk; cy; yhrg; gazg; glFfs; .

kiw gl; baypy; cs; s rpy nghUl; fs; (jiuNahL> ntz; fsp nghUl; fs; kw; Wk; Fspayiw kw; Wk; kyry$l rhjdq; fs; ) ;

njd; dhrp ahtpd; Rje; jpu tu; j; jf cld; gbf; ifapy; jP u;it tup tpyf; fspg; G Kjw; fl; lk; ,yq; ifapdhy; 2015 etk; gu; khjk; 21 Me; jpfjp Kjy; G+uzg; gLj; jg; glTs; sJ

njd; dhrp ahtpd; Rje; jpu tu; j; jf cld; gbf; ifapy; ,yq; if2015 etk; gu; khjk; 21Me; jpfjp tiu Nkw; nfhs; s Ntz; ba jP u;it tup tpyf; fspg; G ,uz; lhk; fl; lk; 2015 etk; gu; khjk; 21 Me; jpfjp Kjy; G+uzg; gLj; jg; glTs; sJ

(20 etk; gH 2016k; jpfjpapy; ,Ue; J gaDWjp ngWk; tifapy; tP j khw; wq;fs; Fwpj; Jiuf; fg; gl; Lchpa tHj; jkhdp mwptpj; jy; ntspaplg; gLk;).

JiwKf kwWk; tpkhd epiya mgptpUjjpf fllzk; [ 2011k; MzL 18k; ,yff JiwKfkwWk tpkhd epiya mgptpUjjpf fllzr rllj jpUjjqfs ]

(i) JiwKf kw; Wk; tpkhd epiya mgptpUj; jpf; fl; lzk; ; 5 % tP jj; jpy; ,Ue; J 7.5 % tP jkhfmjpfhpf; fg; gLk; .

(ii) cy; yhrg; gazpfspd; nryT nra; jiy Cf; Ftpg; gjw; F rpy kpd; dpaj; jpudpay; kw; Wk; kpd;rhug; nghUl; fspd; thp tP jq; fs; 5 % ,Ue; J 2.5 % tiu Fiwf; fg; gLk; .

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(iii) rpy ,ae; jpu rhjdq; fSf; fhf jw; NghJ gad; ghl; bYs; s 5 %ePf;fg; gLk.;

Fwpj;Jiuf; fg; gl; l thp tP j khw; wq;fs; njhlHghd chpa tHj; jkhdp mwptpj; jy; ntspaplg; gLk;

Rw;WyhmgptpUj; jp thp ePf;fg; gLfpd; wJ. mj; Jld; > N`hl; lfspd; tifg; gLj; jypd; mbg; gilapy; jPHitnahd; W 1 % tP jj; jpy; ,Ue; J 3 % tP jj; jpw;F me; j N`hl; ly; fspd; Gus; tpy; tpjpg; gdTnra; ag; gLk; .

tpNrl EfHTg gzlqfs; thp

cs; ShH ifj; njhopiy Cf; Ftpf; Fk; nghUl; L kP d; kw; Wk; kPd; cw;gj; jpfs; ,wf; Fkjp kP J tpNrl EfHTg; gz; l thp tpjpf; fg; gLk; .

rpy Fwpg; gplg;gl; l EfHTg; nghUl; fSf; fhd thp tP jk; kPs; jpUj; jg; gLk; .

Fwpj;Jiuf; fg; gl; l thp tP j khw; wq;fs; njhlHghd chpa tHj; jkhdp mwptpj; jy;ntspaplg; gLk;

nr]

nr] thpia eP ffy ;: ngWkjp NrH nghUl; fspd; Vw;Wkjpia Cf; Ftpg; gjw; fhffWth> kpsF> Vyk; kw; Wk; rhjpf; fha; vd; gtw; wpd; ‘Vw;Wkjp nr]; ’ ePf;fg; gLk; .

nr]; tpjpggdT : cs; ehl; L ifj; njhopw; Jiwia Cf; Ftpg; gjw; fhf Mguz,wf; Fkjp kP J 10 % tPj nr]; thp tpjpf; fg; gLk; .

fhzp ifafg; gLjjy

rpy milahsk; fhzg; gl; l %jyP LfSf; fhd fhzp chpik khw; wy; fl; Lg;ghLePf;fg; gLk; .

fhzp Fj; jif kP jhd thp eP f;fg; gLk; .

[2014k; Mz; L 38k; ,yf; f fhzp ifafg; gLj; jy; rl; lj; jpd; chpa Vw; ghLfs; jpUj; jg; gLk;. ]

Kjjpiuj jHit [2007k Mz; L 12k ,yff rl; ljjpd (tpNrl Vw; ghLfs; )]

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(i) cs; ehl; L fld; ml; ilg; gad; ghl; ilf; fUj; jpy;nfhz; L> fld; ml; ilg; gad; ghL kPjhd jw; Nghija 1.5 % Kj; jpiuj; jP Hit (xt; nthU &gh 1000w; Fk; my; yJ mjd; gFjpf; F &gh 15 /-) ePf;fg; gLk; .

(ii) ntspehl; by; Nkw; nfhs;sg; gLk; fld; ml; ilg; gad; ghL kP jhd Kj; jpiuj; jPHit (xt; nthU &gh 1000w;Fk; my; yJ mjd; gFjpf; F &gh 25 /-) 2.5 %tPjkhf mjpfhpf; fg; gLk; .

(iii) 01 [dthp 2016k; jpfjpapy; ,Ue; J ‘gq; Fr; rhd; wpjo;’ tpyf; fspf; fg; gLk; .

[ chpa thp tP j khw; wq; fs; tHj;jkhdp mwptpj;jypy; ntspaplg; gLk; ; 01 [dthp 2016k; jpfjp my; yJ mjw; F gpd; dH gpuNahfpf; fg;gLkhW chpa thp tP j khw; wq;fs; tHj; jkhdp

mwptpj; jypy; ntspaplg; gLk; ]

khspif thp [ 2015k; Mzbd 10k; ,yf; f epjpr rl; ljjpd gFjp VIII jpUjjggLk; ]

(i) $l; lhjd myFfs; kPJ gpuNahfpf; fj; jF khspif thp mfw; wg;gLk; .

khspif thpapd; Kjyhk; jtizf; fl; lzk; 31 khHr; 2016k; jpfjpf; F Kd; dHnrYj; jg; gLjy; Ntz; Lk; .

[ 2015k; Mz; bd; 10k; ,yf; f epjpr; rl; lj; jpd; gFjp VIII jpUj; jg; gLk ;]

njhiyjnjhlHghly tpjpggdTfs

(i) cs; tUk; miog; Gfs; kPjhd rHtNjr njhiyj; njhlHghly; ,af; FdHfs; tpjpg;gdTfs; If;fpa mnkhhpf; f nlhyH 9 ,y; ,Ue; J If; fpa mnkhhpf; fnlhyH 12Mf mjpfhpf; fg; gLfpd; wJ.

(ii) xU njhiynjhlHG NfhGunkhd; Wf;F tUlnkhd; wpw;F & 50>000 /-Rw;whlyfl; lzk ; mwtplg; gLk; .

(iii) midj; J njhiynjhlHG gad; ghl; bYk; xsp miyf; fl; lisf; fl; lzk; 10 %tPjkhf mjpfhpf; fg; gLfpd; wJ.

(iv) rHtNjr njhiynjhlHG ghptHj; jid miog; Gf; fl; lzkhd 2 % tP j nr] ; fl; lzk; tpyf; fspf; fg; gLfpd; wJ.

(v) Nfgps; njhiyf; fhl; rpf; fl; lzk; 30 % tP jkhf kP s; jpUj; jg; gl; lJ.

01 [dthp 2016k; jpfjpapy; ,Ue; J gaDWjp ngWk; .

Vida tpjpggdTfSk fllzqfSk

(i) gPb jahhpg; Gf;fhd mDkjpg; gj; jpuf; fl; lzk; &gh 1,500/- ,Ue; J

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&gh 5,000/- khf mjpfhpf; fg; gLk; .

(ii) tpkhd epiyaj; jpypUe;J ntspNaWif fl; lzk; I.mnk.nlhyH 25,Ue; J I.m.nlh 30 -Mf mjpfhpf; fg; gLk; .

(iii) xx

flTr; rPl;Lf; fl; lzk; kPs;Nehf; fg; gLk; .

- xU ehs; Nrit – taJ te; jtH &gh 10,000/- - xU ehs; Nrit – rpWtH - &gh 5,000/- - toikahd Nrit – taJ te; jtH &gh 3,000/- - toikahd Nrit – rpWtH &gh 2,000/-

01 [dthp 2016k; jpfjpapy; ,Ue; J gaDWjp ngWk; .

(iv) ,ul; ilg; gpu[hThpikiag; ngw; Wf;nfhs; Sk; tpz; zg; gf; fl; lzk;&gh 250>000 ,Ue; J &gh 300>000khf mjpfhpf; fg; gl; lJld; > rhHf; (SAARC) ehLfSf; fhd tprh fl; lzk; I.mnk.nlhyH 10 ,Ue; JI.m.nlh 20Mf mjpfhpf; fg; gLk; .

(v) ntspehl; L KjyP Lfis Cf; Ftpg; gjw; fhf ntspehl; ltHfSf; F Gjpatjptpl tP rh fllzk; mwpKfg; gLj; jg; gLk; :

- 3 tUl fhyj; jpw;fhd tjptpl tP rh fl; lzk; I.m.nlhyH 250>000kpy;ypad; MFk; . kw; Wk;

- epue;ju jq; Fkpl tP rh fl; lzk; I.m.nlhyH 5 kpy; ypad; MFk; .

(vi) fk; gdp gjpTf fl; lzk; : fk; gdp gjpthsH jpizf; fsj; jpy; gjpTnra; ag; gl; l xt; nthU fk; gdpAk; tUlhe; j mDkjpg; gj; jpuf; fl; lzj; jpw;Fl; gLtJld; > ,f; nfhLg; gdT fk; gdp gjpthsHehafj; jpw;F nrYj; jg; gLjy; Ntz; Lk; .

- jdpahH fk; gdp &gh 60>000- gl; bayplg; gl; l nghJf; fk; gdp &gh 500>000- Vidait &gh 100>000

( ,af; fj; jpy; ,y; yhj fk; gdpfs; cl; gl) kw; Wk;

(vii) fk;gdp gjpTf; fl; lzk; : 01 [dthp 2016k; jpfjpapy; ,Ue; J gaDWjpngWk; tifapy; jw; Nghija tP jk; kPs; jpUj; jg; gLk; .

(viii) fk; gdpapd Ra fiygG : fk; gdpapd; Ra fiyg; gpd; kPJ &gh 250>000tpjpg;gdT Nkw; nfhs; sg; gLk; .

(ix) chpa cs; Shuhl; rp rigfspy; gjpTnra; ag; gl; l midj; J tpahghu

epWtdq; fSf; Fk; tUlhe; j ngaustpyhd fl; lzk; &gh 100tpjpf; fg; gLk; .

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(x) kpifthp: VyNt 40 % tP jk; tUkhd thp tpjpf; fg; gl; bUe; jGifapiy> kJghdk; kw; Wk; ge;jak; kw; Wk; #jhl; lk; tpahghuj; jpy; ,Ue; J tUk; ,yhgj; jpd; kPjhd tUkhd thpg; nghWg; gpd; kPJ 25 %kpifthp 01 Vg;gpuy; 2016k; jpfjpapy; ,Ue; J Muk; gpf;Fk; VNjDk; thpkjpg;ghz; by; ,Ue; J tpjpf; fg; gLk; .

(xi) tPjp tpgjJfSffhd mguhjf fllzk; : tPjp tpgj; Jfs; njhlHgpy; tPjp tpgj; Jf; F nghWg; ghd egH kP J &gh 10>000 mguhjf; fl; lzk; tpjpf; fg; gLk; . mj; Jld; mur clikf; F (ahNjDk; ) Nrjk; tpistpj; jpUg;gpd; mjw; F Nkyjpfkhf nfhLg; gdT nra; ag; gLjy; Ntz; Lk; .

(xii) thfd kjpggl; Lr rhdwpjo fllzk; : 01 [dthp 2016k; jpfjpapy; ,Ue; J>epjp trjpaspj;jYf; fhd kjpg; gPl;Lr; rhd; wpjiog; ngw;Wf;nfhs; tjw; fhd fl; lzk;

- Kr; rf; fu tz; b / Nkhl; lhH irf; fpy; - &gh 5>000 /-

- Vida thfdq; fs; - &gh 25>000 /-

(xiii) gjpTnraagglhj thfdqfis 31.03.2016k jpfjpfF Kd; dHgjpTnratjw;F: mj; jifa thfdq; fis Nkhl; lhH Nghf; Ftuj; Jjpizf; fsj; jpw;F fP o;tUk; tifapy; nfhLg; gdT nra; tjd; %yk; gjpTnra; a KbAk; .

- fhH /Ntd; - &gh 1 kpy; ypad; - Vida thfdq; fs; - &gh 0.75 kpy; ypad;

(xiv) thfd chpik toqfy fl; lzk; : Nkhl; lhH thfd ,wf; FkjpahsH; gjpTf; fl; lzj; jpw;Fg; gjpyhf 01 [dthp 2016k; jpfjpapy; ,Ue; JmKYf; F tUk; tifapy; > fld; tuT Mtzj; ijg; ngw;Wf;nfhs; tjw;F Kd; dH> cs; ehl; L MizahsH ehafj; jpw;Ffl; lznkhd; W gpd;tUk; tP jq; fspy; tpjpf; fg; gLk; .

tif thfdj; jpw;fhd fl; lzk;

- Kr; rf; fu tz; b / Nkhl; lhH irf; fpy; - &gh 2>000 /- - Vida thfdq; fs; - &gh 15>000 /-

(xv) ,yffj jflil VynkLjjy: jdpj; Jtkhd tho; ehs;

KOtjw; Fkhd ,yf; fj; jfl; Lf; fhd xNu Kiwf; fl; lzk; &gh 2.50kpy;ypad; .

(xvi) thfdg Gif thp –

3 tUlq; fSf; F Nky; goiktha; e;j xt; nthU thfdj; jpd; tUlhe; jmDkjpg; gj; jpuj; ijg; GJg; gpj;jypd; NghJ gpuNjr nrayfj; jpy; &gh5000 nrYj; jj; jf; fjhFk; .

(xvii) 01 [dthp 2016k; jpfjp Kjy NkhllhH thfd mDkjpggj; jpuf; fllzk ks jpUjjggLk.

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(xviii) ijjj Milfs kwWk ghjzp kJ ,wfFkjp thpfs

(i) Vw;WkjprhH fk; gdpfs; (ngWkjp NrH thpr; rl; lj; jpd; gphpT22(1)it ghHf; f) %yk; cs; ShH re; ijfSf; F tpw; gidnra; ag;gLk; ijj; j Milfs; kPJ Rq; f thapypy; jw; NghJtpjpf; fg; gLk; ,ize; j thp Jz; nlhz; wpw;F &gh 200 /- Mfmjpfhpf; fg; gLk; .

(ii) Vw;WkjprhH fk; gdpfs; %yk; cs; ShH re; ijfSf; F

tpw;gid nra; ag; gLk; ghjzp kP Jk; mNj tP jk; gpuNahfpf;fg; gLk; .

(iii) Jzp kw; Wk; ntl; Lj; JzpfSf; F jw; NghJ fhzg; gLk; tpw;gid tP jk; mt; tpjNk fhzg; gLk; .

(iv) Vw;Wkjp rhH KjyP l;Lr; rig fk; gdpfspdhy; cs; ShHre; ijfSf; fhd Vw; Wkjpj; juj; jpyhd nghUl; fspd; tpw;gdTthdJ nkhj; j tpw; gdtpy; 5 % tP jj; jpw;FtiuaWf; fg; gLtJld; > NkNy Fwpg; gplg;gl; l thp tP jtplaj; jpw;Fl; gLk; .

(xix) tpkhd gazpnahUtUf; F rHtNjr tpkhdr; rPl;L tpw; gidapd; NghJtpkhdr; Nrit kPJ I.m.nlhyH 2 tpjpf; fg; gLk; .

njhopyEl; g jtWiffisj jpUjJjYk; kw; Wk; epHthf Vw; ghLfSk;

2006Mk; Mz; L 10k; ,yf; f cs; ehl; L ,iwthpr; rl; lk; > 2002Mk; Mz; L 14k; ,yf; fngWkjp NrH thpr; rl; lk; > 2009Mk; Mz; L 9k; ,yf; f Njrj; ijf; fl; bnaOg; Gk; thpr; rl; lk;> 2006Mk; Mz; L 13k; ,yf; f nghUshjhu Nritfs; fl; lzr; rl; lk; > epjp kw; Wk; epjp (jpUj; jk; ) rl; lq; fs; > 1988Mk; Mz; L ge; ja kw; Wk; #jhl; l thpr; rl;lk; > 2010Mk; Mz; L 16k; ,yf; f jtWifapy; cs; s thp (tpNrl Vw; ghLfs; ) rl; lk; > 2011Mk; Mz; L21k; ,yf; f njhiyj; njhlHG mwtP l;Lr; rl; lk; > 2011Mk; Mz; L 18k; ,yf; f JiwKfkw;Wk; tpkhd epiya mgptpUj; jp mwtP l;Lr; rl; lk; > 2011Mk; Mz; L 23k; ,yf; f thpNkd; KiwaP l;L Mizf; FOr; rl; lk; > 1969k; Mz; bd; 1k; ,yf; f ,wf; Fkjpfs; kw; Wk; Vw;Wkjpfs; (fl; Lg;ghl; L) rl; lk; > 2014k; Mz; L 38k; ,yf; f fhzp ( ghuhjPdg; gLj; jy; kPjhd kl; Lg;gLj; jy; fs; ) 2008Mk; Mz; L 14k; ,yf; f cghakhHf; f mgptpUj; jpf; fUj; jpl; lr; rl; lk; Nghd; w rl; lq; fspd; njhlHGila Vw; ghLfspy; cs; s njsptpd; ikfs; kw;Wk; vjpHghuh tpisTfs; (nkhopngaHg; G NtWghLfs; cl; gl) Kjypatw; iwrhpnra; tjw; Fk; ,iwthp epHthfj; ij rP uhf;Fk; Nehf; fpYk; mtrpakhd jpUj; jq; fs; Nkw;nfhs; sg; gLk; .

Kd; nkhopTfspd; gad; tYj; jpdq; fs;

NtW tiffspy; Fwpg;gplg;gltpy; iy vdpy; Kd; nkhopTfs; fP No cs; sthWnraw; gLj; jg; gLk; :-

tUkhd thp kw; Wk; nghUshjhur; Nritfs; fl; lzk; 2016 Vg; gpuy; 1k; jpfjpapy; ,Ue; J gaDWjpngWk; .

ngWkjp NrH thp> Njrj; ijf; fl; bnaOg; Gk; thp> gejak kw; Wk jhll thpkw;Wk; fhzp (ghuhjP dg; gLj; jy; kPjhd kl; Lg;gLj; jy; fs; ) 2016 Idthp 1k; jpfjpapy; ,Ue; J gaDWjpngWk; .

nr]; > JiwKf kw; Wk; tpkhd epiya mgptpUj; jp mwtP L> Rq; fj; jPHit>cw; gj; jpj; jP Hit (tpNrl Vw; ghLfs; ) kw; Wk; tpNrl EfHTg; nghUs; mwtP Lvd; gd cldbahf mKYf; F tUk; .

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Budget 2016 - வரவுசெலவுத்திட்ட உரை- 2016