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Sinh Vin : Bi S Hong Gio Vin : T.S Nguyn Anh Dng1

TRNG I HC M - A CHT

B MN : LCHA DU

N MN: CNG NGH LC DU

GV hng dn : T.S Nguyn Anh Dng

Sinh vin : Bi S Hong

Lp : K54A Lc Ha Du

M SinhVin : 0964040023

H Ni, Ngy 02 Thng 09 Nm 2013

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Mc lc

LI MU ......................................................................................................................................................4

Phn I : Sl thuyt .............................................................................................................................................5

I, Mc ch ca qu trnh lc du.........................................................................................................................5

II, Mt s chtiu nh gi cht lng ca du m. ............................................................................................6

1, T khi .........................................................................................................................................................6

2, API .........................................................................................................................................................6

3, nht ........................................................................................................................................................6

4, Ch s khc x. .............................................................................................................................................6

5, khi lng ca phn on c tnh theo cng thc sau .............................................................................7

6, Hm lng S trong phn on .....................................................................................................................7

II. Nhng cng ngh ch bin ha hc. ...............................................................................................................8

1. Cng ngh CDU ..........................................................................................................................................8

1.1Hot ng ca phn xng CDU ................................................................................................................8

1.1.1 Nguyn liu v sn phm ................................................................................................................8

1.1.2 Thp chng ct du th ...................................................................................................................9

1.1.3 Cc yu tnh hng n qu trnh chng ct ...............................................................................9

1.2 Cn bng vt cht cho cng ngh CDU................................................................................................9

2.Cng ngh hydrotreating .............................................................................................................................10

2.1 Phn xng hydrotreatinh ....................................................................................................................11

2.1.1Nguyn liu v sn phm ca qu trnh .........................................................................................11

2.2 Xc tc cho qu trnh hydrotreating ....................................................................................................11

2.3.Cc yu tnh hng n qu trnh hydrotreating ..............................................................................11

2.4 Cn bng vt cht cho cng ngh hydrotreating ..............................................................................12

2.4.1 Vi phn on nh Naphtha hoc Gas oil. ....................................................................................12

2.4.2 Vi phn on trung bnh .............................................................................................................133. Cng ngh Reforming ................................................................................................................................13

3.1 Hot ng ca phn xng reforming .................................................................................................13

3.1.1 Nguyn liu v sn phm ..............................................................................................................13

3.1.2 Xc tc s dng cho qu trnh Reforming ...................................................................................13

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LI MU

Du mc con ngi bit n t rt lu, n th k XVIII du mc s dnglm nhin liu t chy,thp sng .Sang th k XIX du c coi nh l ngun nguynliu chnh cho mi phng tin giao thng v cho nn kinh t quc dn.

Hin nay du m trthnh ngun nng lng quan trng nht ca mi quc giatrn th gii. Vi s pht trin ca trnh trnh khoa hc k thut ngy nay du m cngc xem nh vng en .ngun ti nguyn qu gi pht trin nn kinh t ca mi qucgia. tn dng ti u ngun ti nguyn qu gi ngy nay ngi ta pht minh ra cccng ngh ch bin tin tin. Trong qu trnh ch bin th chng ct du th l mt qu

trnh khng th thiu. Chng ct l qu trnh tch cc phn on c nhit si khc nhau tin cho mc ch s dng.

Ty thuc vo tng ngun nguyn liu khc nhau m ngi ks trong cng ngh lcdu phi tnh ton cc thng s cng ngh, cu to ca thp chng ct, hm lng, tc np liu sao cho qu trnh chng ct, ch bin du mc ti u nht.Vic xc nh cc

phn on sn phm l mt yu t bt buc khi tnh ton thit kthp cng nh l yu cu vcht lng, hiu qu kinh t. Thng thng cc phn on trong chng ct du th mongmun thu c nhiu l : kh , xng, kerosene, gasoil. Nhim v ca mt ks lc ha du

khng nhng ch bit nm vng cc kin thc c bn nh cc c im ca phn on dum, cc ch tiu ha l, cc qu trnh ch bin , qu trnh thy lc, cn bng vt cht, qutrnh chuyn khi, qu trnh truyn nhitm phi bit cc p dng cc kin thc vovic thit k thp, tnh ton cc thng s cng ngh sao cho qu trnh ch bin hot nghiu qu v an ton. c c cc sn phm tt nh mong mun cc ks phi bit iukhin cc thng snh nhit , p sut, lu lng sao cho qu trnh cho hiu qu kinh tcao nht.

Mc ch ca n mn hc ny nhm gip sinh vin c ci nhn tng quan v qatrnh ch bin ha hc c bn trong cng ngh lc du v quan trng gip sinh vin i sulm quen vi cc qu trnh tnh ton trong chng ct du th, t cng c kin thc

phc v cho qu tnh hc tp v lm vic sau ny.

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Phn I : Sl thuyt

I, Mc ch ca qu trnh lc du.Nhm phn on cc hp phn ca du mthnh cc phn on khc nhau thun

tin cho mc ch s dng khc nhau ca chng. Cc sn phm ca qu trnh lc du cs dng trong cc lnh vc c minh ha hnh di.

Ngoi ra cng ngh lc du cng lin quan n cng ngh ha du v nhng cht khthu c trong cng ngh lc du l ngun nguyn liu cho qu trnh tng hp sn xut cccht nh cht do, t si tng hp, cc dung mi.

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II, Mt s chtiu nh gi cht lng ca du m.

1, T khiT khi ca du mthng c o so vi nc 60oF hay 4oC c xc nh theo

cng thc sau :

water

oiloilSG

(1)

2, APIAPI l i lng nhm xc nh mt ca cht lng nhm nh gi cht lng

ca nguyn liu. c xc nh bng cng thc sau.

API = 5,1315.141

SG (2)

3, nhtL i lng c trng cho mc cn trchuyn ng ca 2 cht lu khi chng

chuyn ng trt tng i ln nhau.

nht c xc inh:

APIKAPIAPI 324210 1048995,81013447,5166532,046364,0log

KAPIAPIAPIK

6296,2786,26

197680,024899,1100325,822

(3)

APIKAPIKK 2242100 1018246,1102629,327690,094733,139371,4log

KAPI

APIKAPIAPIK

78231,4786,26

860218,01050663,99943,1017161,0222

(4)

4, Ch s khc x.L t l gia vn tc nh sng trong chn khng v tc nh sng trong du kh. T

sc tnh nh sau:

n =

I

I

1

21 2/1 (5)

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Vi n l ch s khc x.

I l tham sc trng Huang 20oC c xc nh theo cng thc.

I = a exp b bT + cSG + d bT SG e

bTf

SG (6)

Trong Tb l nhit trung bnh ca phn on

SG l t trng ca phn on du

Cc h sa, b, c, d, e, f c xc nh trong bng (I) nh sau:

Constants Light fractions Heavy fractions

Molecular weight range 70300 300 - 600

Boiling point range (o

F ) 90 - 650 650 - 1000

a 2,26610 2 2,34110 4

b 3,90510 4 6,46410 4

c 2,468 5,144

d -5,70410 4 -3,28910 4

e 0,0572 -0,407

f - 0,720 - 3,333

5, khi lng ca phn on c tnh theo cng thc sauM = 42,965{exp SGTSGT bb 34 1008476.278712.710905.2 } 98308.426007.1 SGTb (7)

Trong bT l nhit trung bnh ca phn on tnh theo nhit K

6, Hm lng S trong phn onLu hunh tn ti trong du cc dng nh Mecaptan, sulphur

tnh hm lng S trong phn on du ta da vo khi lng phn t ca phn on .

Vi phn on c M < 200

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Ta p dng cng thc sau :

Wt%S =177,488170,946 iR + 0,228m + 4,054SG (8)

Nu phn on c khi lng phn ttrung bnh M 200

Ta s dng cng thc sau:

Wt%S = -58,02 + 38,463 iR - 0,023m + 22,4SG (9)

Vi iR l im khc x iR = n -2

d(10)

m l tham s .

m = ( n - 1.475) (11)

Sau khi tnh ton wt%S trong mi sn phm loi tr trong cn cn chn khng, lnglu hunh c tnh ton tng nn bi t l ca vn tc khi lng ca mi sn phm. Luhunh trong cn chn khng c tnh ton t s khc nhau ca tng lu hunh trong duth nguyn liu v tng lu hunh trong sn phm.

II. Nhng cng ngh ch bin ha hc.

1. Cng ngh CDU

Chng ct l phng php phn tch c bn nht, i khi l mt phng phpduy nht c s dng trong mt nh my phn chia du m v kh tnhin cng nh ccphn on ca chng thnh cc phn on v tiu phn on.

1.1Hot ng ca phn xng CDU

1.1.1 Nguyn liu v sn phmNguyn liu

Ngi ta cn chng ct khng nhng l du th, kh ng hnh, kh t nhin m cn c hnhp cc sn phm ra khi l phn ng ha hc dng trong cc qu trnh ch bin su ca du

mcng nh ca ha du.

Sn phm

- Kh - Xng nh- Xng nng - Kerosen

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- Du kh nh (LGO - Du kh nng (HGO)- Cn du th

1.1.2 Thp chng ct du thNguyn tc ca qu trnh chng ct du th l da vo nhit si ca cc phn

on. Cc cht c nhit si gn nhau s nm trong mt phn on.

Thp chng ct l thit b ch yu ca mt phn xng chng ct. Hu ht ccthp chng ct c s dng u l thp a. Bn trong thp pha hi bay ln v pha lng ixung tip xc vi nhau mt cch tt v lu din ra strao i cht gia 2 pha mtcch tt nht.

Trong qu trnh hot ng thp c th xy ra 2 hin tng khng mong mun nh:

- Hin tng ngp lt- Hin tng sc thp

1.1.3 Cc yu tnh hng n qu trnh chng ct- Cc yu t cng nghip c nh hng trc tip ti hiu sut v cht lng ca qu

trnh chng ct l nhit , p sut v phng php chng ct.

- Ch cng nghchng ct ph thuc nhiu vo cht lng du th ban u, vomc ch v yu cu ca qu trnh, vo chng loi v sn phm cn thu v phi c dychuyn cng ngh hp l.

- V vy khi thit kqu trnh chng ct, ta phi xt k v kt hp y - tt c cc yu tqu trnh chng ct t hiu qu cao nht. Cc yu t cng- nghchng ct du chnh l cc yu tnh hng ti qu trnh lm vic ca- thp chng ct.

1.2 Cn bng vt cht cho cng ngh CDUCn bng vt liu trong thp chng ct du th nhm xc nh lu lng, tnh cht

dng sn phm ti cc phn on khc nhau, lm nguyn liu cho cc qu trnh tip theo.

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Ta c phng trnh cn bng vt liu: gi s khng c s mt mt .

Qin = Qout QFeed + QSteam = QGas + Qxng + QKerosen + QGo + QResidue

Trong :

- QFeed l lng nguyn liu

- QSteam l lng hi nc steam

- QGasl lng sn phm kh

- Qxngl lng sn phm xng

- QKerosen l lng sn phm Kerosen- QGol lng sn phm GO

- QResiduel lng cn .

Tphng trnh trn ta c thxc nh c lu lng cc dng sn phm cc phn

on, ng thi xc nh c tnh cht ca cc dng.

2.Cng ngh hydrotreatingDu m, cc phn on, cc bn thnh phm ca n lun cha nhng hp cht d

nguyn t ca S, N,O, kim loi. Chng c th sn trong du th hoc xut hin trongqu trnh ch bin. Ty theo thnh phn nh tnh, nh lng ca chng, ty quy trnh kthut c dng, ty yu cu k thut ca thnh phm m mc ny hay mc khc cn phi loi b chng. Mt trong nhng phng php loi b chng hiu qu nhtl phng php ch ha bng hydro. Nguyn l c bn ca phng php l dng kh H2

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p sut cao, nhit cao ph vcc phn t hp cht d nguyn t khi c mt cc chtxc tc thch hp.

2.1 Phn xng hydrotreatinh

2.1.1Nguyn liu v sn phm ca qu trnhNgyn liu :Du m, cc phn on, cc bn thnh phm ca n c cha nhng hpcht d nguyn t ca S, N, O, kim loi.

Sn phm:

- Xng cha 1,2.10-4 2.10-6% lu hunh c s dng tip trong reforming

- Nhin liu phn lc: 0,002 0,005 %

- Nhin liu diesel: 0,02 0,2%

2.2 Xc tc cho qu trnh hydrotreating

Cht xc tc s dng cho qu trnh hydrotreating ch yu l xc tc kim loi, c haidng thng c nh sau:

Xc tc Co-Mo l loi xc tc rt tt cho qu trnh Hydrodesunfua v n nh nh ccolefin, n c u im l hot ng ch rt mm v t tiu tn hydro.

Loi xc tc th hai l Ni-Mo, c hot tnh rt cao i vi cc phn ng hydrodenitro v

n nh cc hp ht aromatic.Thc t chng gic hot tnh sau hng thng lm vic, ngay ckhi hm lng lu

hunh bm trn cht xc tc t ti 1%.Cht xc tc hot ng theo c ch bn dn.

2.3.Cc yu tnh hng n qu trnh hydrotreating

Nhit v p sut

Nu nhit ca phn ng tng th cng lm tng phn ng hydro ha nhng ngthi lm gim s tm hot ng ca cht xc tc, do vic iu khin nhit phn ng

da vo sb p li s gim hot tnh ca cht xc tc. Cn khi tng p sut ring phn cahydro th ng ngha vi vic tng tnh nghim ngt ca qu trnh hydro ha.

Lng hydro tun hon

Lng hydro nhp liu phi nhiu hn lng hydro nhu cu cho phn ng, v th phitun hon hydro sau cho m bo c p sut hydro ti u ra ca bnh phn ng kh

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nng ngn chn qu trnh cc ha v u c xc tc. Lng hydro tun han ny c nghaquan trng i vi cc nguyn liu distillat nng cha nhiu resin v asphalten.

Lm sch hydro cng nh hng ng kn qu trnh, v n gip duy tr nng cao ca hydro bng cch tch loi cc kh nh.

2.4 Cn bng vt cht cho cng ngh hydrotreating

Bng vic thit lp c cn bng vt liu cho phn xng hydrotreating , ta c thxc nhc lng H2 cn thit b sung vo , t tnh c c trng dng sn phm.

Phng trnh cn bng vt liu nh sau:

2HQ make- up = Q Feed 2HQ requirement chemical 2HQ purged 2HQ dissolved

Trong :

2HQ make-up l lng H2 b sung

2HQ Feed l lng H2 cn thit cho qu trnh

2HQ requirement chemical l lng H2 cn thit theo phn ng

2HQ purgedl lng H2 mt mt

2HQ dissolved l lng H2 ha tan vo sn phm.

Xc nh lng H2 cn thit cho qu trnh desunfua ha nh sau:

2.4.1 Vi phn on nh Naphtha hoc Gas oil.Lng H2 cn thit loi blu hunh trong 1 thng nguyn liu tnh theo cng thc:

7.301912

fSHSCFB(12)

Trong Sf l phn trm khi lng ca S trong nguyn liu. wt%

tng API ca sn phm c tnh theo cng thc :

(API)p = 0,01(SCFB H2 ) + 0,036 (API)f - 2,69 (13)Phn trm hp phn cc sn phm:

Vol% Prafins = 12,8 2fK - 259,5Kf - 1330,0 (14)

Vol% Naphthene = -78,5 2fK + 1776,6Kf - 9993,7 (15)

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Vol% Aromatics = 38,4 2fK - 894,3Kf + 5219,4 (16)

2.4.2 Vi phn on trung bnhLng H2 cn thit xc nh theo cng thc:

SCF H2/bbl = 110.8 ( Sf) + 10.2 (HDS%) - 659.0 (17)tng API c xc nh theo cng thc sau:

tng API c xc nh theo cng thc sau:

(API)p = 0.00297 (SCF H2/bbl )0.11205 ( API )f + 5.54190(18)

3. Cng ngh ReformingReforming xc tc l qu trnh lc du nhm chuyn ha phn on naphta nng c

chng ct trc tip t du th hoc t mt s qu trnh ch bin th cp khc nh FCC,

hidrocracking, visbreaking, c ch s octan thp (RON = 30 - 50) thnh hp phn c scaxng thng phm c ch s octan cao (RON =95-104).

3.1 Hot ng ca phn xng reforming3.1.1 Nguyn liu v sn phm

Nguyn liu

- Ngun gc: xng tchng ct trc tip, xng t qu trnh visbreaking,hydrocracking, phn on gia ca sn phm FCC.

- Thnh phn: Hn hp hydrocarbon t C7n C11.

Sn phm

Sn phm l hydrocacbon thm v cc parafin mch nhnh. Chnh cc sn phm nyng gp vai tr chnh lm cho ch s octan ca xng thu c sau qu trnh reforming (cngi l reformat) tng ln rt nhiu so vi nguyn liu naphta ban u.

3.1.2 Xc tc sdng cho qu trnh Reforming

Xc tc reforming l xc tc lng chc nng do trong thnh phn ca n cha hai pha cth thc hin hai chc nng chnh sau:

- Chc nng hydro-dehydro ha c thc hin bi cc kim loi dng phn tn.

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- Chc nng axit nhm sp xp li cc mch cacbon (ng phn ha, ng vng ..) cthc hin bi oxyt nhm c b mt ring ln v c clo ha iu chnh lc axit thchhp.

Cht xc tc thng dng hin nay gm mui platin v mt t kim loi khc nh reni,gecmani phn tn trn Al2O3 (250m2/g) clo ha n khong 1%.

3.1.3 Cng ngh tiu biu ca reforming

Hin nay trong nh my lc du Dung Qut ang s cng ngh ti sinh lin tc (CCR).

Mt sc im c bn:

- Lp xc tc c chuyn dng nh nhng, lin tc trong h thngthit b phn ng vi vn tc va phi (trong khong 3- 10 ngy).

- Ton b h thng c vn hnh lin tc.- Lp xc tc sau khi ra khi h thng phn ng c a ra ngoi ti sinh trong

mt h thng ti sinh ring. Sau c quay trli h thng phn ng.

(technology CCR platformer of UOP )

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3.1.4 cc yu tnh hng n qu trnh.- Nhit tng lm tng khnng chuyn ha thnh sn phm thm dn ti tng ch s

octan nhng li lm gim hiu sut xng, kh,hiu sut to cc.

Nhit thng c chn trong cng ngh khong t 490-5400C

- Tc np liu: c th gim tc thtch tng ch soctan khng c phpgim tc trn nhhn mt na so vi thit k hoc < 0,75 h-1. V nh vy s khngkinh t, lm tng tc kh hot tnh xc tc.

- p sut: ngy nay nhci tin cng nghm ngi ta c th vn hnh qu trnh psut thp nht m vn p ng yu cu.

- T l H2/nguyn liu: s c mt ca lng d H2 c tc dng hn ch phn ng to ccnhng lm gim khnng phn ng reforming. Ngy ny t l ny c th nhn mt vim3/m3.

3.1.5 Cn bng vt cht cho cng ngh reformingVic xc nh cn bng vt liu trong phn xng Reforming nhm xc nh hm

lng cc sn phm, c bit l xng vi h stng quan t 0,990 - 0,999. Ta thu cbng sau:

( Bng tnh ton II )

Correlation Equalation

H2 wt% -12,1641+0,06134C5+ vol%+0,099482RONR

C1 wt% 11,509 - 0,125 C5+

vol%C2 wt% 16,496-0,125 C5

+ vol%

C3 wt% 24,2090,2565 C5+ vol%

Total C4 wt% 27,024- 0,2837 C5+ vol%

nC4 wt% 0,585 Total C4 wt%

iC4 wt% 0,415 Total C4 wt%

C5+ vol% -0,03806RONR

2 + 6,29273 RONR14,4337

C5+ vol% 132,2483+ 0,66427RONR+ 0,297921RONFC5

+ vol% 142,7914 - 0,77033.RONR+ 0,219122.(N+2A)F

SCFB H2 0,0002+ 0,48848 H2wt%

(Ngun: bng 5.3 trang 108 Fundamentals of Petroleum Refining)

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T bng cng thc trn ta thy, vi vic xc nh c hm lng C5+ ta c th xc

nh c cc sn phm cn li, c bit l lng iC4 lm nguyn liu cho qu trnh ankylha sau ny.

4. Cng ngh cracking xc tc

Phn xng cracking xc tc trong mt nh my lc du c v nh l tri tim ca nh mybi vai tr quan trong khng th thiu ca n

4.1 Hot ng ca phn xng FCC

4.1.2 Nguyn liu v sn phm

4.1.2.1 Nguyn liu

L cc hydrocacbon c khong nhit si t 300-5000C, c th t cc ngun nh sau:

Phn an ct chng ct kh quyn ca du th, khang si: 380- 4100C

Phn an ct chng ct chn khng ca du th, khang si:380-5500C

Phn ct t qu trnh Coking ca du th

DAO (cn chn khng deasphaltene) (5500C)

Cn chng ct kh quyn ( > 3800C) ca vi loi du th

4.1.2.2 Sn phm- Sn phm kh (LPG, H2S), cc phn on xng, du ha, cc phn on gasoil nh v

nng, phn an cn dng lm nhin liu t l...4.2 Xc tc cho qu trnh cracking xc tc

Ngy nay cht xc tc ch yu s dng l zeolite Y, tn ti dng REY, USY, REUSY, cthnh phn kh phc tp nh sau:

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4.3 Cng ngh cracking xc tcCng nghcracking xc tc l qu trnh k thut nhm mc ch ch bin phn on

nng v trung bnh, ch yu l VGO v AR, thnh phn on xng, trong phn ngcracking xy ra di tc dng ca cht xc tc nhit cao. l mt qu trnh nhit

xc tc. Cracking xc tc c hiu sut cao, cung cp khong 1/3 lng xng cht lngcao trn ton th gii. Ngy nay cracking xc tc thc hin ch yu bng cng ngh tnggisi FCC v RFCC: hi nguyn liu v bt xc tc axit kch thc trung bnh 60.m bay cng nhiu tdi ln trn, tip xc vi nhau trong my giy nhit khong5000C.

4.4 Cng ngh cracking xc tc tng si.Ngy nay tt c cc nh my lc du trn th gii u p dng cng ngh cracking

xc tc pha lu th ( Fluid catalytic Cracking, vit tt l FCC ). Cht xc tc cho cng

nghny c gi l xc tc FCC. V bn cht xc tc FCC l mt axit rn,tuy nhin n c ci tin ln rt nhiu so vi cc xc tc axit ban uca cng ngh du m cathi k thp k 30,40 ca th ktrc.

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4.4.1 Cc yu tnh hng n qu trnh- p sut: 2,53,5 atm- Nhit cracking xc tc 4705500C thng < 5000C- Nguyn liu cng nhiu hp cht thm th chuyn ha s thp hn v gim hiu

sut to xng, C3, C4 cn hiu sut LCO, HCO, cn y, cc v kh kh th tng.

4.4.2.Cn bng vt cht cho cng ngh FCCVic xc lp cn bng vt liu cho phn xng FCC c th tnh ring cho thit b phn

ng Reactor hay Regenerator hoc c th thit lp cho ton bphn xng. Sau y s nura phng trnh cn bng vt liu cho tng thit b

Cn bng vt liu cho thit b Reactor.

Qin =Qout QF + QStr-in +Qcat = Qp +Qscat +Qst-out

Trong :

- QFl lng nguyn liu vo thit b Reactor- Qst-inl lng hi nc vo- Qcatl lng xc tc ti sinh- - Qpl lng sn phm- Qscatl lng xc tc cn bng

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- Qst-outl lng hi nc ra*Cn bng vt liu cho thit b Regenerator.

Qin =Qout Qair + Qscat = Qgas +Qcat

Trong :- Qair l lng khng kh vo thit b- Qscatl lng xc tc cn bng- Qgasl lng kh x- Qcatl lng xc tc ti sinh

Bng vic thit lp phng trnh cn bng vt liu cho tng thit b, t ta tnhc lng xc tc cn thit v phn trm cc sn phm thu c t qu trnh. Da vo

bng di.

(Bng tnh ton III )

Products Correlation

Coker wt% 0.05356CONV0.18598 API + 5.966975

LCO LV% 0.0047 CONV20.8564 CONV + 53.576

Gase wt% 0.0552 CONV + 0.597

Gasoline LV% 0.7754 CONV0.7778

iC4

LV% 0.0007 CONV + 0.0047 CONV + 1.40524

nC4 LV% 0.0007 CONV + 0.0047 CONV + 1.40524

4C LV% 0.0993 CONV0.1556

C3 LV% 0.0436 CONV0.8714

3C LV% 0.0003 CONV

2 + 0.0633 CONV + 0.0143

HCO 100CONV(LCO LV% )

Wt% S in Gases 3.9678 ( wt% S in feed ) + 0.2238

Wt% S in LCO 1.04994 (wt% S in feed ) + 0.00013

Wt% S in HCO 1.88525 (wt% S in feed ) + 0.0135

Gasoline API -0.19028 CONV + 0.02772 (Gasoline LV%) + 64.08

LCO API -0.34661 CONV + 1.725715 ( Feed API )

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Phn II : Tnh Ton

Xc nh lng ca qu trnh trn. Vi c im dng du th

CDU c nguyn liu F, F = 100000 BPD, API = 26.

Bng tnh cht ca du th.

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Sn phm Naphtha t CDU l phn on 190380OF c x l bng hydro(hydrotreated) loi lu hu nh (S) sau c a v phn xng reforming snxut xng c RON = 94. Lng H2 sinh ra c s dng cho phn xng x l

bng hydro. Phn on Gas Oil t CDU (580 650oF) c x l bng hydro loi lu hunh (S) v sau c a vo phn xng FCC. Ti phn xng ny chuyn

ha l 75%, sn phm gm xng (gasoline), kh, gas oil, v cc.

T bng trn ta c bng s liu sau:

TBP 0F Vol % SG API

86 0

122 0,5 0,6 79,694

167 1,5 0,675 76,13

212 3,3 0,722 64,5

257 6 0,748 57,67

302 9,1 0,765 53,47

347 13 0,778 50,38

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392 17,7 0,789 47,84

437 23,4 0,801 45,15

482 31,4 0,814 42,33

527 42,1 0,825 40,02584 47,1 0,845 35,96

636 57,1 0,854 34,2

689 64,9 0,863 32,5

742 71,9 0,864 32,3

794 78,4 0,889 27,67

. 794 0,931 20,49

( S A )

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1 Tnh cn bng vt liu cho phn xng CDU1.1 Phn on c nhit si 190380OF

1.1.1Xc nh khi lng v API phn on:

T = 1900

F .T th (B) ta suy ra phn trm chng ct im u IBP = 2,7 %vol

T = 3800F .T th (B) ta suy ra phn trm chng ct im cui EBP = 17 % vol

Suy ra: Phn trm chng ct = 17% - 2,7 % = 14,3 % vol

Phn trm th tch trung bnh = (17% + 2,7%)/2 = 9,85 %

T th (A),ta c API trung bnh ca phn on l: API = 53

Suy ra t khi phn on l SG =

=

= 0.767

Thtch phn on = 100000(BPD).14,3% = 14300 BPD

1.1.2 Lu lng khi lng ca phn on l

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1.1.3 nh lng lu hunh trong phn onXc nh khi lng phn t trung bnh ca phn on:

p dng cng thc (7) ta c:

M = 42.965{exp SGTSGT bb 34 1008476.278712.710905.2

} 98308.426007.1 SGTb

Trong Tb l nhit si trung bnh ca phn on, K.

Ta c: Tb = 300oF = 422oK ( da vo th (ii) ti im trung bnh ca phn on)

=> M = 131,67 ( lb/lb.mol)

Xc nh hm lng lu hunh

Vi M=131,67< 200

Khi hm lng lu hunh c xc nh theo cng thc (8)

Wt %S =177,448170,946 Ri + 0,2258m + 4,054 SG

Xc nh Ri : p dng cng thc (10) ta c

Ri = n-

Vi : d= 0.767

p dng cng thc (5) ta c:

n = ( )

1/2

I = aexp( bTb + cSG +dTbSG)SGf

V M = 131,67 nm trong khong ( 70-300), s dng bng (I) ta c cc h sa,b,c,d,e,f . thay vo ta c:

I = 2.26610-2 exp(3.90510-4 Tb + 2.468SG - 5.704 10-4 TbSG)Tb

0.0572SG-0.72

= 0.256 ( Tb l nhit si trung bnh. R )

n = 1.427

Ri = n- = 1,427-

= 1,0435

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Xc nh m: p dng cng thc (11) ta c:

m = M(n- 1,475) = 131,67(1,427-1,475) = - 6,32

Hm lng Lu hunh l:

p dng cng thc (8) .Ta c:

% S = 177,448 -170,9461,0435 + 0,2258(-6,32) + 4,0540,767 = 0,748 % wt

Hm lng S = 14300 0,748% = 106,964 (lb/h)

( bng 1 )

2.Tnh cn bng vt liu cho phn xng hydrotreating

2.1 Nguyn liu tphn on 190-3800F.Thng s dng nguyn liu cho bng 1

Ta c: h sc trng nguyn liu Watson.

Kf=

Lng hydro cn thit cho qu trnh desunfua ha:

p dng cng thc (12)Lng H2 cn thit cho 1 thng:

SCFB H2 = 191SF - 30,7 = 1910,74830,7 = 112,168 (ft3/bbl)

Vi nguyn liu 14300BPD ta c:

Thng s Gi tr

Phn trm th tch, LV% 14,3

Khi lng phn on, lb/h 160088,56

API 53

Phn trm khi lng S (%Swt) 0,748

Hm lng S, lb/h 106,964

Khi lng phn t M lb/lb.mol 131,67

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Lng H2 cn thit = 112,168. 14300

.

.

= 352,679 (lb/h)

Xt phn ng : S + H2 => H2S

T pt trn ta thy: nH2 = nS = 106,964 / 32 = 3,343 ( lb.mol/h)

Lng H2 cn thit = 3,3432 = 6,686 (lb /h)

So vi lng H2tnh c t cng thc 7.21 trn ta thy

H2 = 352,679 - 6,686= 345,993 (lb/h)

S chnh lch ny lo do 1 phn H2b x kh v ha tan

API sn phm l :

p dng cng thc (13)

= 0.01

(API)P = 0,01112,168 + 0,03653 -2,69 = 0,34

Suy ra APIP= (API)P + APIF = 0,34 + 53 = 53,34

p dng cng thc (14), (15) v (16 ) ta c :

Parafin Vol% = 12,8K2f - 259,5Kf + 1330 = 54,378 %

Naphthenes Vol% = - 78,5K2f + 1776,6Kf - 9993,7 = 31,82 %

Aromatics Vol% = 38,4Kf2 - 894,3Kf+ 5219,4 = 14,976 %

% = 54,378% + 31,82% + 14,976% = 101,174 %

Tiu chun ha ta c:

% Parafin = 747,53%100174,101

378,54

% Naphthenes = 45,31%100174,101

82,31

% Aromatics = 100(53,747 + 31,45 ) = 14,803

Thng s dng nguyn liu thydrotraeting phn on 190-3800F nh sau:

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Thng s Gi tr

Nguyn liu BPD 14300

API 53,34

Lu lng lb/h 159781,102

Hm lng Naphthenes ,%vol 31,82

Hm lng Aromatic ,%vol 14,976

Hm lng Parrafin , %vol 54,378

( bng thng s 2 )

2.2 Sn phm ca phn xng hydrotreating l nguyn liu cho phn xng reformer

(

)

API= 53,34

Theo phn c sl thuyt ta c mi tng quan gia RON v hm lng sn phm reformer.

p dng cng thc bng tnh ton II , Ta c :Vi RONR=94(theo bi)H2 %= -12,1641+0,06134C5

+ %+0,099482 RONR = 3,325 %

C1 %= 11,509- 0,125 C5+ % = 1,039 %

C2 %= 16,496- 0,1758 C5+ % = 1,771 %

C3 %= 24,209- 0,2565 C5+ % = 2,7248 %

C4 %= 27,024- 0,2837 C5+ % = 3,2615 %

nC4%= 0,585 C4 %= 1,908 %

iC4%= 0,415 C4 % = 1,3535 %

C5+%=142,7914-0,77033RONR+0,219122(N+2A)F

= 142,7914-0,7703394+0,219122( 31,45 + 29,606 ) = 83,759 %

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Ta c bng sau:

Thng s Phn trm Khi lng lb/h

H2 , %wt 3,325 5312,72

C1 ,% wt 1,039 1660,125C2 , %wt 1,771 2829,723

C3 , %wt 2,7248 4353,715

nC4 , %wt 3,2615 5211,26

iC4 ,%wt 1,908 3048,623

Total C4 ,%wt 5.1695 8259,884

C5+ , %vol 83,759 133831,05

( Bng thng s 3 )

3. Phn on 580- 6500F

3.1Xc nh khi lng v API phn onS dng th (B) nhit T = 580OF

=> phn trm chng ct im u IBP = 47 %vol.

nhit T = 650OF ta cng c phn trm chng ct im cui EBP = 59 % vol

Suy ra: Phn trm chng ct ca phn on = 59 % - 47 % = 12 %

Phn trm th tch trung bnh = (59 %+47 %) / 2 = 53 %

Ts (A) ta c API trung bnh ca phn on l: API = 35

T khi phn on SG =

=

= 0, 845

Thtch phn on = 100000(BPD).12 % = 12000 BPD

Khi lng phn on =

3.2 Xc nh lng lu hunh trong phn on

3.2.1 Xc nh khi lng phn ttrung bnh ca phn onp dng cng thc ( 7 )

M = 42.965 [exp (2,097 10-4 Tb7,78712SG + 2,08476 10-3 TbSG)]Tb

1,26007 SG4,98308

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Trong Tb l nhit si trung bnh ca phn on, K.

Ta c: Tb = 615OF = 597Ok = 1075,7O R

SG= 0,845

=> M = 263 (lb/lb.mol)

3.2.2 Xc nh hm lng lu hunhVi M=263 > 200 , khi hm lng lu hunh c xc nh theo cng thc (9)

wt% S = -58,02 + 38,463Ri0,023m + 22,4SG

Xc nh Ri: Ri = n-

Vi : d= 0,845

n = ( )1/2

I = aexp( bTb + cSG +dTbSG)SGf

V M =263 ( 70-300) s dng bng 3.4 trang 50 ta c cc h s a,b,c,d,e,f . thay vo ta c:

I = 2,26610-2 exp(3,905 10-4 Tb + 2,468SG5,704 10-4 TbSG)Tb

0,0572SG-0,72

= 0,278

Vy n = 1,468

Suy ra : Ri = n- = 1,468-

= 1,0455

Xc nh m:

m = M(n- 1,475) = 263(1,468 -1,475) = - 1,841

Suy ra hm lng lu hunh:

S = - 58,02 + 38,4631,04550,023(- 1,841) + 22,40,845 = 1,1634 %wt

Hm lng S = 1480021,1634% = 1721,855 (lb/h)

Ta c :

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( bng thng s 4)

Thng s Gi tr

Phn trm th tch , LV% 12

Khi lng phn on, lb/h 148002

API 36

Phn trm S %wt 1.1634

Hm lng S, lb/h 1721,855

Khi lng phn t M , lb/lb.mol 263

3.3 Xt phn xng hydrotreating gas oilV gas oil l phn on gia nn p dng cng thc:

SCFB H2=110,8Sf+10,2(HDS%)- 659

Gi s HDS%=98%

Vi Sf = 1,1634 theo bng s liu 2

=.> SCFB H2 = 110,8 1,1634 + 10,298659= 469,504 (ft3/bbl)

Khi lng nguyn liu vo l 148002 (lb/h)

Vy lng H2 cn thit l: 469,504. 1200

.

.

= 1238,784 (lb/h)

3.4 Xc nh tng API ca sn phmp dng cng thc (2.14) vtng API ca sn phm c:

APIp = 0,00297(SCFB H2)- 0,11205(API)f+5,55419

= 0,00297 469,504 - 0,11205 35 +5,55419

= 3,027

Vy API ca sn phm l :

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APIp= 35 + 3,027 = 38,027

APIp= 35 + 3,027 = 38,027

Suy ra SG= 0,835

3.5 Tnh cn bng vt liu cho phn xng FCCVi API = 38,027=> lu lng dng nguyn liu = 146193,379 ( lb/h )

Thng s dng nguyn liu thydrotraeting phn on 580-6500F nh sau:

( Ta c bng s liu 5 )

Thng s Gi tr

Nguyn liu BPD 12000

Lng lng lb/h 146193,379

API 38,027

Vi chuyn ha 75% , ta p dng cng thc bng III

Cc = 0,05356CONV0,18598API + 5,966975

= 0,05356750,1859838,027 + 5,966975 = 2,912 %wt

LCO = 0,0047CONV

2

0,8564CONV + 53,576= 0,00477520,856475 + 53,576 = 15,784 % LV

Gases = 0,0552CONV + 0,597 = 0,055275 + 0,597 = 4,737 % wt

Gasoline = 0,7754CONV0,7778 = 0,7754750,7778 = 57,377 % LV

iC4 = 0,0007CONV2 + 0,0047CONV + 1,40524

= 0,0007752 + 0,004775 + 1,40524 = 5,695 %LV

nC4 = 0,0002CONV2 + 0,019CONV + 0,0476

= 0,0002752 + 0,01975 + 0,0476 = 2,598 %LV

C4= = 0,0993CONV0,1556 = 0,0993750,1556 = 7,292 %LV

C3 = 0,0436CONV0,8714 = 0,043675 - 0,8714 = 2,399 % LV

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C3= = 0,0003CONV2 + 0,0633CONV + 0,0143

= 0,0003752 + 0,063375 + 0,0143 = 6,843 %LV

HCO = 100 - CONV(LCO %LV) = 100-75 - 15,78 = 9,22 %LV

Gasoline API = -0,19028CONV + 0,02772(%Gasoline) + 64,08

= -0,1902875 + 0,0277257,38 + 64,08 = 51,4

LCO API = - 0,34661CONV + 1,725715(APIF)

= - 0,3466175 + 1,72571541,186 = 39,628

Ta c ( bng s liu 6 )

Sn phm Phn trm Lng gi tr lb/h

Coke , %wt 2,912 4257,15

Gases , %wt 4,737 6925,18

C3 , %wt 2,399 3507,18

C3= ,%wt 6,843 10004

iC4 , %wt 5,695 8325,712

nC4 ,%wt 2,598 3798,104

C4= ,%wt 7,292 10660,42

Gasoline %LV 57,377 83881,375

LCO %LV 15,784 23075,163

HCO %LV 9,22 13479,03

CONV % 75 109645,034

Kt Lun : Vy tng lng xng thu c cho c qu trnh l:

C+5 + Gasoiline = 133831,05 + 83881,375 = 217712,245 lb/h

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KT LUN

Vi ngun nguyn liu ngy cng nng nh hin nay, vic nm vng kin thc v ccphn xng ch bin du th l iu rt cn thit chn lc sn phm c gi tr kinh t cao.

Ngun du th sau khi c x l s b loi nc, loi mui v cc tp cht sc a vo cc qu trnh ch bin nng v ch bin su. Nu phn xng CDU l phnxng khng th thiu ca mt nh my lc du th phn xng FCC c xem nh l tritim ca nh my. Ngoi ra cn c cc phn xng ph trkhc nhm tng cht lng sn

phm thu c

Vi tnh ton s b cn bng vt liu cho 1 nh my lc du 100 000BPD, c tnh

ton c th trong bi lm. Qua y ta thy phn no hiu r v cc dng sn phm , iukhin ca cc phn xng , v hon ton c th tnh ton hon chnh cho mt nh my lcdu da trn c stnh ton trn .

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TI LIU THAM KHO CHNH

- Phan T Bng, gio trnh cng ngh lc du, nh xut bn Xy Dng, H Ni, 2002

- Phan T Bng, ha hc du m v kh t nhin, nh xut bn Giao Thng Vn Ti, H Ni,2008

- Phan T Bng, gio trnh ha l, nh xut bn Giao Thng Vn Ti, H Ni, 1997

- Gs.TS Nguyn Hu Ph. Cracking xc tc

- Butterworth - Heinemann Fundamentals of Petroleum Refining, 2011

Documents

Bùi Sĩ Hoàng .( 0964040023 ) K54A - TH