Chapter 14

B GIO DC V O TOI HC M THNH PH H CH MINHKHOA CNG NGH THNG TIN

TIU LUNMN: LP TRNH WEB

GING VIN: NGUYN TH MAI TRANG TI: CHAPTER 14- BUILD YOUR OWN ASP.NETSINH VIN THC HIN: Nguyn Vnh ThnhMSSV: 121C650080

Ngy 2/4/2014

XY DNG WEBSITE ASP.NETNu nh bn tng chi tr lego, bn tng xy dng 1 thnh ph t nhng mu lego , th bn sn sng xy dng website ASP.NET thc s. ASP.NET phc v tnh nng cho php lp trnh vin xy dng website t nhng mnh ghp, v sau chng li vi nhau to thnh mt website hong chnhWebsite chng ta ang to ra vi asp.net gn nh khng bao gi tnh. Trong thi gian thit k, chng ta c xu hng suy ngh v cc mu gi v tr ni dung khi thc thi. V lm y ni , chnng ta c th s dng nhiu thuc tnh iu khin h tr ca ASP.NET.Tron chng ny, chng ta s tho lun v nhiu i tng v k thut khi xy dng v thit k asp.net, bao gm: Mu website (web form) Kim sot my ch HTML (HTML server controls) Kim sot my ch website (web server controls) Kim sot ngi s dng website (web user controls) Trang ch (master page) Chuyn hng trang (handing page navigation) Thit lp giao din website v kim sot vi CSS (styling page and controls with css)Nu nh bn ang c cm gic s, ng lo tt c u d hiu hn trong ln u tin xut hin

WEBFORMNh bn bit, y l mt thut ng lm ch khi bn hc cng ngh thng tin. Thut ng m t trang ASP.NET l webform, v y l trung tm ni dung ca asp.net. Bn chc chn tng gp mt trang webform l d liu c phn m rng l .aspx m chng ta s nghin cu v tho lun ti y. Trong ci nhn u tin, webform c v nh kh ging mt trang HTML, nhng trong chng cha nhng ni dung HTML tnh v cng cha c nhng yu t ni dung c th ca asp.net, v ni dung s c xy dng trn my ch websiteTt c cc webform bao gm th kha , n cha ni dung c th ca asp.net. Nhiu hnh thc khng c h tr. Kiu xy dng mt trang aspx n gin c biu din nh bn di y:

Code block

Page Title

User interface element) nu khng c g hin th gia th m v th ng ca web server cotrols. Nh vy, bn c th vit phn TextBox ging nh bn di y:

Tng hp li, nhng iu cn nh khi lm vic vi web server controls l: Web server control phi c t bn trong th hot ng ng Web server control yu cu thuc tnh runat=server hot ng ng Chng ti bao gm wweb server controls bn trong biu mu s dng tin t asp: .C nhiu web server control hn l HTML controls. Mt s phc v cho cung cp nng cao khng ch n gin l s dng mi HTML, v mt ss s to ra m HTML kh phc tp cho bn. Chng ti gp nhiu web server control v chng ti s lm vic thng qua n trong nhng chng sp ti.Nu bn cn nhiu thng tin hn v web server controlss, bao gin c thuc tnh, phng php, v s kin iu khin, c l bn nn c Appendix A

STANDART WEB SERVER CONTROLSTiu chun ca web server controls c ra vi ASP.NET v HTML server controls trn nhiu mt khc nhau. D th, web server controls phc v mt s tinh lc v tng cng, nh h tr cc s kin v ch s, v thm nhiu mc thch hp ca thuc tnh v thao tc, v hn na l chc nng Build-in. Trong phn ny, chng ta s xem xt mt s thuc tnh iu khin thng hay s dng trong cng vic hng ngyNh rng s dng .NET Framwork SDK Ducumentation bat c khi no bn cn c thm chi tit v class hoc controls ca Framework. Bn c th s dng ti liu t menu Help > Index ca Visual Web Developer. tm kim cc hm, s dng cch tm kim tn hm. Nu bn c qu nhiu hm vi mt tn trong nhiu namespace khc nhau, bn phi chn mt trong ca s Index Results. V d, bn cn tm hai hm mang tn Label trong th vin System.Web.UI.WebControlss v th vin System.Windows.Forms, nh hnh minh ha v d bn di. Bn s thy quan tm n c phin bn ca lp nm trong WebControls namespace

Labely l mt cch n gin hin th mt on vn bn tnh trong website ca bn khi khng cn thm th ng. D th, nu bn mun thay i vn bn hin th trong ASP.NET, bn c th hin th vvi Label control. Di ay l mt v d in hnh

on m di y suwr dng thuc tnh Text ca Lable hin th on Hello World

c m Page_Load ny, chng ta c th thy y l ln u tin np vo, gi tr ca Text trong Label vi ID s c thay i thnh Hello WorldLiteraly c l l control n gin nht trong ASP.NET. Nu bn s dng thuc tnh Literals Text, n s n gi chn ch ca bn vo m HTML v khng lm thay i n. Khng ging nh Label, n n gin v chc nng, Literal khng bao hm vn bn bng th v s tn theo s iu chnh v thng tin thit kTextBoxTextBox control c s dng to hp vn bn c dng khui ngi dng in thng tin hoc c thng tin tiu chun. Bn c th s dng c tnh ca TextMode iu khin control ny hin th vn, dng, hoc nhiu dng, hoc hin, n vn bn (ging nh vng nhp password trong html). on code bn di s cho ta thy mt trang ng nhp n gin:

Trong mi trng hp trn, thuc tnh TextMode c nhim v khc nhau cho mi Textbox nh snHiddenFieldHiddenField l mt control n gin lm cho phn t nhp vo c thuc tnh n. Chng ta c th s dng khi gi tr l mt gi tr quan trng. C i khi s dng trao i qua li gia cc website khc nhau, nh vn chuyn thng tin ng nhp t mt website khc h tr chc nng t ng ng nhp.ButtonV mc nh, Button control l mt input ca thuc tnh type v c mc nh l Submit. Khi Button c nhn, biu mu bao gm button s c gi n server cho vic x l, v s kin Click v Command s c gi non v d d y s hin th Button v Label

Ch thuc tnh Onclick trong control. Khi Button c nhn, s kin Click s c gi n, v chng trnh con WriteText s c gi ti. WriteText s cha m h tr chc nng dnh cho Button , nh hin th tin nhn t ngi dng

Tht s quan trng nhn ra s kin ny lin quan nhiu n web server controls, v cc k thut c bn lin quan ti vic s dng chng, l nhng s kin v k thut tng t khi chng ta s dng s kin Click cho Button control. Tt cc cc control thc hin b tiu chun s kin v tt c u c tha k t hm Webcontrol.ImageButtonImageButton thc cht cng ch l Button control, nhng c s dng hnh nh chng ti cung cp s dng ha h thng Button. Hy cng xem v d di aay:

S kin Click ca ImageButton nhn ta ca im nhn ti hnh nh c nhn

LinkButtonLinkButton control xy dng mt kin nng khu s kin Click c kch hot. t im c nhn ca ASP.Net, LinkButton c th x l theo nhiu cch nh nt, gi tn. Di y l hnh ng ca LinkButton:

HyperLinkHyperlink control c dng to ng dn lin kt, lin kt s cha ng dn chuyn hng URL (the NavogateUrl). Khng ging thuc tnh LinkButton, n phc v h tr chc nng nh s kin click v xc nhn, Hyperlinks thng c s dng chuyn hng trang ang x dng n trang tip theo:

Nu n c ch nh, thuc tnh ImageUrl c ch nh hin th hnh nh, trong trng hp cc vn bn c h cp hot ng thay th ca hnh nhCheckBoxBn c th s dng CheckBox control lm ch s la chn khi m bn ch c hai s la chn- chn hoc khng chn (check or unchecked) :

S kin chnh lin quan ti CheckBox l s kin CheckChanged, n c th x l vi thuc tnh OnCheckChanged. Tnh cht ca Checked l True nu checkbox c chn v False th ngc li.RadioButtonRadioButton kh ging CheckBox, ngoi tr RadioButton c th nhm thnh mt i din cho tp hipwj cc ty chn m t ch du nht mt gi tr c th c chn. Radio buttons c th c nhm li vi s dng GroupName, ging nh v d bn di

Ging nh CheckBox control, s kin chnh lin quan vi RadioButtons l s kin CheckChanged , n c th x l vi thucc tnh OnCheckChanged. Mt control khc chng ta c th s dng hin th radio buttons l RadioButtonList, m chng ti ta s ni ti trong chapter nyImageImage control to hnh nh m c th truy cp t ng t m ngun; n tng ng nh th ca m HTML. Di y l v d:

ImageMapImageMap control to ra HTML hin th hnh nh c khu vc c th click nht nh, gi l Hot Spots. Mi hotspot l mt kiu ring khi s ngi dng click vo.Cc khu vc c xc nh s dng ba control. N to nhiu hnh dng hotspot khc nhau: CircleHotSpot, RectangleHotSpot v PolyonHotSpot. Di y m mt v d xc nh hnh nh vi hai hotspot vng trn:

Bng 4.1: Cc gi tr c th s dng ca HotSpotModeHotSpotMode ValueHnh ng x l khi hotspot c click

InactiveKhng c hnh ng

NavigateChuyn hng ngi dng ti lin kt URL t trc

NotSetKhi gi tr c ci t cho HotSot, hnh ng k tha t ImageMap; nu ImageMap khng c gi tr mc nh, Navigate s l mc nh thay th

PostBackKhi hot spot c click, cc hnh ong s c x l trn server v bo v ngi dng

cu hnh hnh ng tr v khi hotspot c nhn bi ngi dung, chng ta tnh cht HotSpotMode l Image control, hoc tnh cht ca HotSpotMode l tnh cht hotspot ring, hoc c hai, s dng gi tr c biu din bng 4.2. Nu tnh cht HotSpotMode c t cho ImageMap control cng nh tnh cht ring ca hotspot, sau ny tnh cht s ghi ln n v c t cho nhiu ImageMap control.Microsoft .NET Framework SDK Documentation cho hm ImageMap v HotSpotMode lit k y cc v d s dng gi tr ny.PlaceHolderPlaceHolder control gip chng ta thm phn t vo v tr c th trn mt trang bt c lc no, khng phc thuc, thng qua m. N trng ging nh on di y:

Cc m ng sau thm vo mt htmlButton control mi bn trong placeholder:

Panel Chc nng ca panel control tng t nh thuc tnh div ca HTML, n cho php ci t cc mc bn trong th vi thao tc nhm. V d, Panel phi hin th hoc n bi s kin Buttons Click:

on code trn y t hai TexBox control bn trong Panel control. Button control nm bn ngoi panel. Chng trnh con HidePanel sau s kim sot s hin th ca Panel bi ci t tnh cht Visible False:

Trong y, khi ngi dng click button, s kin click s c gi ti v chng trnh con HidePanel s c gi, trong thit lp tnh cht Visible ca Panel control l FalseList Controls y, chng ta s gp ASP.NET controls hin th n gin cc thuc tnh: ListBox, DropDownList, CheckboxList,RadioButtonList v BulletedList.DropDownListDropDownList control ging nh thuc tnh HTML select.. DropDownList cho php bn chn mt gi tr trong danh sch s dng menu Dropdown. Di y l mt v d iu khin ca control:

S kin c s dng h tr nhiu l SelectedIndexChanged. y l s kin tip xc vi nhiu list control khc, nh CheckBoxList v RadioButtonList control, cho php chng trnh d dng tng tc vi control bn s dng. Nhng control ny c th b rng buc bi c s d liu database v s dng chn lc ni dung ong bn trong menu drop-down.ListboxListBox control ging nh thuc tnh HTML select vi multiple hoc thuc tnh size (size phi c t nht hai gi tr). Nu bn t thuc tnh SelectionMode l multiple th ngi dng s c chn nhiu hn mt gi tr trong danh sch, nh v d di y:

RadioButonListGing nh RadioButton control, RadioButtonList control i din cho radio buttons. D th, RadioButtonList control i din cho mt danh sch radio buttons v cc c php nh gn hn. y l mt v d s dng:

CheckBoxListGing nh bn on, CheckBoxList control i din cho mt nhm checkbox; n tng ng khi s dng nhiu CheckBox controlss trong mt hng:

BulletedListBulletedList control hin th danh sch kiu s, s dng th

(khng c danh sch th t) hoc th

1. (danh sch lnh). Khng ging nh nhng list control khc, BulletedList khng cho php la chn gi tr, c ngha l s kin SelectedIndexChanged khng c h tr.Tnh cht u tin bn phi dng l DisplayMode, bn c th s dng hin th vn bn (mc nh) hoc lin kt, lm cho danh sch cc mc lin kt. Khi DisplayMode c s dng l lin kt Hyperlink, bn c th s dng s kin click p ng ngi dng khi ngi dng click vo mt gi tr no Mt tnh cht quan trng khc l BulletStyle, m quyt nh thit k ca bulllets. Nhng gi tr cho php l: K t s (numbered): 1, 2, 3, K t ch thng (lower alpha): a, b, c, Ky t hoa (upper alpha): A, B, C, K t la m thng (lower roman): i, ii, iii, K t la m hoa (upper roman): I, II, III, Vng trn (circle) Disc Hnh vung (square) Hnh nh khc (customImage)Nu kiu mu c t l CustomImage, bn s cn t BulletStyleImageUrl hn th hnh nh s dng cho bullet. Nu mu l mt trong danh sch s, bn c th phi cn tnh cht FirstBulletNumber ci t s u tin hoc ch ci u tin s c s dng.Advanced ControlsCc control nng cao v cc quy nh s dng ca n, m HTML m n tp ra, v lm vic nn lm cho bn. Mt s control khng c sn trong phin bn c ca ASP.NET; chng ta s hc thm v n.CalendarCalendar l mt v d in hnh v vic ti s dunnjg tuwj nhin ca ASP.NET controls. Calendar control to mt hin th trc quan v lch khi m ngi dng c th click chn, hoc di chuyn gia ngy, thng nm v nhiu th kkhcCalendar control yu cu rt t ty bin, Trong Visual Web Developer, chn website>Add new item, v to thay i cch hin th:

   Ging vy vi phin bn c#, tr phn m u ca Page

   Nu bn lu li v s dng n, bn s thy mt kt qu nh hnh 4.4

   Calendar contron bao gm tnh cht, cch s dng v sk kin thuc bng 4.3PropertyM t

   DayNameFormatThuc tnh ny t li nh dng tn ngy. Nu c th gi tr FirstLetter, FirstTwoLettes, Full v Short. Mc nh l Short, s hin th ba k t vit tt

   FirstDayOfWeekThuc tnh ny t ngy bt u ca mi tun trong lch. Mc nh gi tr ny s c t theo ci t vng min ca server, nhng bn vn c th t li thnh ch nht hoc th hai nu bn mun

   NextPrevFormatt CustomText l mc nh, thuc tnh ny c th t thnh ShortMonth hoc FullMonth nh dng lin kt thng trc hoc thng sau

   SelectedDateThuc tnh ny bao gm gi tr DateTime, s c lm ni. bn c th s dng thuc tnh ny thng xuyn, xc nh ngy thng ngi dng chn

   SeclectionModeThuc tnh ny xc nh ngy, tun hoc thng c chn; nhng gi tr c th s dng ll Day, DayWeek, DayWeekMonth v None m mc nh l Day. Khi Day c chn, ngu dng ch c th chn ngy; khi DayWeek c chn, ngi dng c th chn ngy hoc nguyn tun, v nh th vi cc thuc tnh cn li

   SelectMonthTextThuc tnh ny iu khin vn bn ca lin kt hin th cho pho ngi dng chn nguyn thng t lch

   SelectWeekTextThuc tnh ny iu khin vn bn ca lin kt hin th cho pho ngi dng chn nguyn thng t lch

   ShowDayHeaderNu l True, thuc tnh ny hin th tn ca ngy trong tun, mc nh l True

   ShowGridLinesNu l True, thuc tnh ny s lm lch dng ng li, mc nh l True

   ShowNextPrevMonthNu l True, thuc tnh ny s hin th lin kt next month v previous month, mc nh l True

   ShowTitleNu l True, thuc tnh ny s hin th tiu ca lch, mc nh l False

   TitleFormatThuc tnh ny quyt nh thng s c hin th nh th no trn thanh tiu . Nhng gi tr c th l Month v MonthYear. Mc nh l MonthYear

   TodaysDateGi tr DateTime t ngy hin ti. mc nh, gi tr ny khng c lm ni trong calendar control

   VisibleDateGi tr DateTime control m thng s c hin th

   Hy cng xem xt v d s dng cc thuc tnh, s kin v thao tc to calendar control m cho php ngi dng chn ngy, tun v thng. Thay i lch bn trong Calendar.aspx (c phin bn VB v C#), v thm nhn vo n, nh bn di y:

   By gi thay i th bao gm s kin SelectionChanged x l tham chiu bi calendar:

   Lu li thnh qu v th chy trn trnh duyt. Hy th chn ngy, tun v thng. Nhng phn c chn s c in m theo cch tng t nh hnh 4.5.

   Bn trong SelectionChanged, chng ta vng lp qua mi ngy m ngoi dng chn, v hin th thng qua Label m ta thm vo trang.AdRotatorAdRotator control cho php bn hin th danh sch cc banner qung co mt cch ngu nhin bn trong ng dng web. D th, n thay th nhiu hn mt script ngu nhin ngay t u. T khi Adrotator ly thng tin t file XML, vic qun l v cp nht banner qung co v cc thuc tnh ca n ch trong tch tc. Cng vy, file XML cho php bn kim sot hnh nh hin th,lin kt, lin kt ch, v tn s hin th lin quan n cc banner qun co khcLi ch ca vic s dng control ny khng dng aay, thng qua . Hu ht cc tnh cht ca AdRotator contron bn trong file XML, nu bn cn ti, bn c th chia s file XML trn mng, cho php thm vo cc gi tr reseller (VARS), hoc c th cho i tc hot ng, s dng banner qung co ca bn trn website ca h.XML l g?

   Bn cht ca XML thc s n gin ch trn nn nh dng vn bn cho vic vn chuyn hoc lu tr d liu; n khng chi tit d liu c trnh by ra sao. XML thc s n gin bt u v n gn ging vi ngi bn c HTML ca bn: c hai ch yu bao gm cc th bn trong du ngoc ( < v >), v bt k th no cng cha cc thuc tnh t bit ca n. S khc nhau ln nht gia XML v HTML l y, hn l cung cp mt tp c nh ca th HTML, XML cho php chng ta to ra th mi m t d liu tng trng.Hy xem cc thuc tnh ca HTML

   y l v d theo di ni dung gia cc th tag heading 1. iu ny l tt nu tt c chng ta mun on heading Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace hin th trn trang web. Nhng nu chng ta mun try cp hin th on ny nh d liu.Ging HTML, mc ch ca XML l m t mi dung ca ti liu. Nhng HTML l mt ngn ng nh du rat chung cho cc ti liu heading, paragraphs v listss, v d- XML, rt t bit, m t ni dung l g (what content is). S dng XML, tc gi web c th nh du ni dung ca ti liu, m t ni dung gii hn ca n nh l d liu.Chng ta c th s dng XML vi cm t: Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace bng cch phn nh tt hn ni dung ca d liu:

   y, th XML chng ti s dng mang mt m t tst nht v ni dung ca phn t. Chng ta c th xc nh tn thuc tnh cn thit, v d, trong v d trn, bn c th quyt nh nhng g bn mun gia phin bn VHS v DVD ca phim, hoc tn bn thu ca tc gi. Ta c th lm c bi thm vo thuc tnh ca phn t, nh v d bn di y:

   Nu bn mun th kiu control ny, bn c th to mt file vi tn ads.aspx bn trong folder LearningASP/VB hoc LearingASP/CS (hoc c hai), v thm ni dung di y, cm nhn s t do to ra c banner ca chnh bn, hoc s dng on m c ghi di y:

   Bn c th thy, thuc tnh Advertisements l mt nt gc, v ph hp vi c im k thut cca XML. N s hin thi duy nht, cho mi c nhn qun co, chng ti thm mt thuc tnh con Ad n gin. V d, file qun co bn trn cha chi tit hai banner qung co.Nh bn c th nhn thy ngay by gi, file .xml cho php bn s dng tnh cht c bit cho mi banner qung co bng cch thm vo thuc tnh thch hp bn trong thuc tnh Ad. Cc thuc tnh bao gm:ImageURLLin kt URL vi hnh nh s c hin th cho banner ad.NavigateURLTrang webm ngi dng ca bn s c chuyn ti khi nhn vo banner ad.AlternateTextAlternateText dng hin th cho trnh duyt khng h tr hnh nh.KeywordKeyword dng phn loi cc banner ad.Nu bn s dng tnh cht KeywordFilter ca AdRotator, bn c th s dng phn loi c bit ca banner hin th

   ImpressionTn s tng i m mt banner qung co hin th i vi mt banner qung co khc.Cao hn con s ny, thng xuyn hn biu ng s hin th trong trnh duyt. Con s cung cp cho thuc tnh ny c th cng thp nh mt. nhng khng c vt qu 2,048,000,000; nu n xy ra , trang web s a vo ngoi l.Tr ImageURL ra, tt c cc thuc tnh u c ty chn, tt nhin, nu bn ch nh Ad khi khng c NavigateURL, banner vn s c hin th nhng khng km ng dn (Hyperlink). s dng file ads.xml, to mt trang ASP.NET mi gi l AdRotator.asp, v thm vo on code bn di:

   Nh vi hu ht cc v d ca chng ti, phin bn C# vn s dng code ging nh vy, ch tr on khi to. Bn s cn copy hnh nh workatdorknozzle.gif v getthenewsletter.gif t ni lu tr m ngun v chng trong tp tin ni bn ang lm vic thy c hnh nh ny. Lu li thnh qu v kim tra trong trnh duyt, n s c hin th ging nh hnh v d 4.6.Ti li trang sau mt lc ch, bn s thy c rng banner mt s c hin th nhiu hn. n gin l v gi tr Impression cho Ad u tin gp i gi tr ca Ad th hai, do n s xut hin hai ln nh thng.TreeViewTreeView control l mt control mnh, c kh nng hin th th bc phc tp cu trc ca cc mc. Thng, chng ta hay s dng n xem cc cu trc th mc hoc chuyn hng trang phc tp, nhng n c th s dng hin th danh sch th mc (family tree), c cu t chc cng ty, hoc nhng cu trc phc tp khc..TreeView c th dng d liu t nhiu ngun khc nhau. Chng ta s ni thm v kiu d liu sau trong quyn ny; ti y,, chng ta s ch tp trung vo hm SiteMapDataSource, trong , nh tn gi ca n, cha mt sitemap phc tp. Mc nh, sitemap ch c t file c tn gi web.sitemap c t th mc gc ca d n website(bn c th d dng to ra n bng ch s dng Site Map template trong Visual Web Developer). Web.sitemap l mt gile XML c ni dung kh ging nh th ny:

   Gii hn ca Web.sitemap

   Mt gii hn quan trng cn ch khi bn lm vic vi Web.sitemap l bn ch c bn cnh mt siteMapNode con trc tip ca ng dn gc ca thuc tnh sitemapNh v d bn trn, siteMapNode vi ta l Home l mt n l ca siteMapNode. Nu chng ta them mt siteMapNode k bn(khng phi bn trong) thuc tnh ny, Web.sitemap nh khng cn gi tr na

   s dng tp tin ny, bn cn phi thm vo trang mt bng iu khin SiteMapDataSource, cng nh mt bng iu khin TreeView dng s dng ngun thng tin ny, xem bng sau:

   Lu rng, mc d SiteMapDataSource l mt bng iu khin, nhng n li khng to ra bt k dng thc HTLM no cho trang web. C rt nhiu data source control tng nh nh dng ny, chng ta s o su hn nhng phn sau.

   Khi kt hp vi v d v tp tin Web.sitemap pha trn, dng thc web ny s to ra mt output ging nh c cp hnh 4.7.

   Nh bn c th thy, Bng iu khin TreeView to nn mt cy sp xp cho chng ta. Ngun nt mng Home c th c thu gn hoc m rng ra. Trong nhiu trng hp, chng ta s khng mun cho hin th nt mng ngun; chng ta c th du n khi trnh xem bng cch ci t phn ShowStartingNote ca SiteMapDataSource thnh False:

   SiteMapPathBng iu khin SiteMapPatch cung cp chc nng to lp mt cu trc chuyn hng breadcrumb cho trang ca bn. Breadcrumb gip nh hng ngi dng, cung cp cho h cch thun tin nht xc nh a im ca mnh trong trang, ng thi cung cp cho h mt ng dn thun tin nht n nt mng ngun hin hu. Mt v d ca h thng iu hng breadcrumb s c cp n trong Hnh 4.8. hin th a im hin ti ca ngi dng trong trang, bng iu khin SiteMapPath s t ng s dng bt k bng iu khin SiteMapSource no ang tn ti trong nh dng web, v d nh l bng iu khin TreeView trong v d trc. V d, mt cch n gin, bn c th thm vo mt m nh hnh pha di c th c c hiu qu nh trong Hnh 4.8:

   Lu rng bng iu khin SiteMapPath s cho php bn ty bin tnh cht ca cng c breadcrumbs bng tnh cht ca PathSeparator. Cng nn lu rng, nu bn khng c mt tp tin mang tn Default.apx trong danh mc th mt mng ng dn ngun s khng hot ng.

   MenuBng iu khin Menu cng ging nh bng iu khin TreeView v cch th hin cc tng lp ca tp tin d liu t ngun d liu data source; v cng v vy m cch chung ta lm vic vi hai loi ny cng s khng khc nhau. im khc bit quan trng nht l hai cch th hin (appearences) khng ging nhau, Menu s h tr templates ty bin mt cch tt hn, v hin th ch hai tng items (menu items v submenu items)MultiViewMultiView cng ging nh Panel bi v n cng khng t to ra nhng im giao din nhng li bao gm cc bn iu khin khc (other controls). Tuy nhin, mt MultiView c th cha nhiu trang d liu hn (gi l views) ng thi n cng cho php bn hin th mt trang vo mt thi im nht nh. Bn c th thay i active view (trang hin th cho visitor) bng cch ci t value ca ActiveViewIndex property. Trang u tin tng ng vi mt ActiveViewIndex ti 0, value ca sang th hai s l 1, v trang th ba l 2 v c tip tc nh th. Ni dung ca mi template c xc nh bn trong cc im View con (child View elements). Xem xt v d code di y, v d ny cho thy vic to lp mt bng iu khin Button (a Button control) v mt bng iu khin MultiView (a MultiView control).

   Nh bn c th thy, theo mc nh th ActiveViewIndex s l 0 v vy khi m ny c chy ln u tin th MultiView s hin th template u tin ca n (xem Hnh 4.9). Nhp vo button th template th hai s c hin th. SwitchPage event handler s dng modulo operator, Mob trong VB v % trong C# thit lp ActiveViewIndex 1 khi m gi tr nguyn bn 0 ca n l 0 v ngc li. Bng iu khin MultiView cn c mt s cc tnh nng tin ch khc na, v vy, hy chc chn rng nu bn s dng n trong mi trng sn xut (production environment) th cc ti liu ca bng iu khin ny phi c kim tra.

   WizardBng iu khin Wizard l mt phin bn nng cp ca bng iu khin MultiView. N c th hin th mt hoc nhiu trang ti mt thi im nht nh, song song , n cng bao gn c nhng tnh nng mi nh navigation button, v sidebar dngd 9e63 th hin nhng bc wizard (wizards steps).FileUploadBng iu khin FileUpload cho php bn cho php ngi dng upload cc tp tin ln trn sever. Chng 14 s cp n cch s dng bng iu khin ny. Web User ControlsKhi xy dng nhng d n thc t, bn s thng xuyn phi i mt vi nhiu loi giao din ngi dng (user interface) xut hin nhiu ni khc nhiu header hay footer, navigation links v login boxes l mt vi v d in hnh. Tm gn c cc dng thc v tnh nng (forms and behaviours) trong tm kim sot ca mnh s cho php bn ti s dng (reuse) cc thnh phn ny nh l vic bn c th ti s dng bng iu khin buil-in ca ASP.NET.Xy dng bng iu khin web server ring cho mnh bao gm vic vit VB cao cp hoc m C# v iu ny s khng c cp trong sch ny. To lp cc bn iu khin ty bin web server s d dng hn khi bn c nhu cu xy dng cc bn iu khin phc tp c th cung cp tnh nng kim sot v hot ng cao cp, hoc khi bn c nhu cu to ra nhng bng iu khin c kh nng s dng cho nhiu loi d n khc nhau. Tt c chng ta nu khng c kh nng tt v coding th vn c th pht trin cc bng iu khin ca ring mnh bng cch to ra cc web users controls. Web users controls trn thc t cng rt mnh v c kh nng ti s dng trong phm vi mt d n; ng thi, loi ny cng c kh nng expose properties, events v cc phng php (menthods), v tt c nhng th ny u rt d trin khai, s dng. Mt web user control c thit lp (present) bi mt lp tha hng t System.Web.UI.Usercontrol, v bao gm cc tnh nng c bn m bn cn pht trin cc bng iu khin ca ring mnh. Tr ngi ch yu khi dng web user controls l vic n gn lin cht ch vi d n m n c trin khai. V vy, s kh khn hn phn phi loi ny hoc thm loi ny vo cc d n khc so vi vic phn phi v ti s dng web user controls. Web user controls c trin khai nhiu nht theo dng ging nh cc dng thc web thng thng khc-tc l bao gm cc bng iu khin khc, HTML, markup v server-side code. File extension ca web user control l .ascx.To Lp Web User ControlChng ta s nghin cu phn ny thng qua mt vi v d in hnh. Gi s rng, trong trang web ca bn, bn c kh nhiu dng thc khc nhau bao g m cc Label v TextBox khng ging nhau nh c th hin Hnh 4.10.Tt c cc label phi c mt width c nh l 100 pixels, v text boxes buc phi chp nhn ti a l 20 k t.Cch d dng nht y l xy dng mt web user control bao gm mt Label vi width cho sn v textbox c th chp nhn ti a 20 k t, v bn s c th d dng ti s dng li web user control ny bt c ni no d n c nhu cu. To lp mt tp tin mi trong d n bn ang lm c s dng Web User Control nh Hnh 4.11 th hin.

   t tn tp tin l SmartBox.ascx. Sau , thm vo cc bng iu khin nh c quy nh mt bng iu khin Label v mt bng iu khin TextBox- nh hnh pha di (cho c phin bn VB v C#.

   Label Widths trong Firefox

   Tic rng vic ci t Width ca bng iu khin Label khng bo m c rng label s hin th ng width cho cc trnh duyt. Phin bn hin ti ca Firefox l mt v d, theo , n s khng hin th label pha trn theo nh cch n hin th trong trnh duyt IE.

   khc phc vic ny, bn nn dng CSS style sheet v CssClass property, phn ny s c bn k hn phn sau ca chng ny.

   Trong Chng 3 chng ta bn s lc v properties, nhng chng ta vn cha a ra r rng cch no bn c th s dng to properties cho ring mnh. Trong tng lai, khi m bn phi lm vic vi nhiu properties khc nhau ca cc bng iu khin built-in, v d nh vic bn tng thy rt nhiu code ci t Text property ca bng iu khin Label. Nu xem Web User Control l mt t hp (class), th d nhin n s c th c methods, properties, v nhng th khc, bng iu khin SmartBox ca chng ta s m rng (extend) base ca System.Web.UI.UserControl bng cch thm vo hai properties sau:-LabelText l mt property thun vit (write-only) cho php cc nh dng (the forms) s dng bng iu khin ci t label text ca bng iu khin.-Text l mt property thun c (read-only) c chc nng tr v cc k t (text) m ngi dng nhp vo text box. Hy th thm vo mt yu t server-side script, yu t ny s b sung cho bng iu khin ca chng ta hai properties mt l Text, dng cho phn vit trong TextBox, v mt l LabelText, dng cho phn vit trong Label:

   Khi bn dng bng iu khin SmartBox trong mt nh dng (in a form), bn c th ci t v c c vn bn nh bi ngi dng, nh sau:

   Sau y l cch chng ta s trin khai cch tnh nng ny. Trong .NET, th properties c th l thun c, thun vit hoc c c v vit. Trong nhiu trng hp, bn s mun c properties c th bao gm c c v vit, nhng trong trng hp ny, chng ta mun rng ta c th ci t phn vit (text) trong Label v c phn vit t TextBox. xc nh mt property thun vit trong VB, bn cn phi s dng WriteOnly modifier. Properties thun vit cn ch xc nh mt block c bit ca code loi c bt u bi Keyword c nh sn. Block ny ca code c gi l accessor, n cng ch ging nh mt subroutine ly nh mt gi tr thng s cn c nh sn. Block ny ca code s dng gi tr ny trnh din cc hnh ng mong mun, xt trong trng hp ca LabelText property th hnh ng mc nh Text property trong bng iu khin Label ca chng ta c th hin nh sau:

   Gi nh rng mt nh dng s dng SmartBox tn l mySmartBox, th chng ta c th ci t Text property ca label nh sau:

   Khi code ny c thc hin, th Set accessor ca LabelText property s c thc hin vi gi tr (value) ca n parameter mc nh Address:. Set accessor s dng gi tr ny ci t Text property ca Label. Mt accessor khc m bn c th s dng khi xc nh property l Get, loi ny cho php chng ta c cc gi tr thay v vit chng. R rng rng bn khng c cho php thm vo mt Get accessor vo mt property thun vit, nhng khi c yu cu v mt property thun c nh Text sau:

   Tnh cht ca Text ny l ReadOnly (thun c), nhng n cng khng cn thit phi nh th. Nu bn mun cho php cc nh dng (forms) s dng bng iu khin ci t mt vi default vo TextBox, vn s cn phi thm vo mt Set accessor v b i (remove) phn ReadOnly modifier. Khi bn xc nh property trong C#, i vi read-only hoc write-only property bn khng cn phi ci c bt k mt modifier c th no c bao gm c ReadOnly v WriteOnly. Mt property loi ch c mt get accessor th mc nh s l read-only.

   Tng t nh th, mt property ch c mt set accessor th s c xem l thun vit (write-only)

   S Dng Web User ControlMt khi user control c to lp, n c th c dn chiu t bt k trang ASP.NET no c s dng Register directive nh sau:

   Register directive ny i hi ba thnh phn:TagPrefixPrefix cho user control cho php bn nhm cc bng iu khin c lin quan vo mt nhm v trnh t tn trng/i lp. TagNameTag name ca bng iu khin s c s dng khi bng iu khin c thm vo trang ASP.NETSrcL ng dn n tp tin .ascx tp tin din t user controlSau khi chng ta register bng iu khin, chng ta to lp instances ca n s dng nh dng . Hy th vi v d sau: s dng bng iu khin SmartBox. To lp mt Web Form c tn ControlTest.aspx trong folder d n ca bn, v cho vo ni dung sau:

   T tay to lp trang ny s rt c ch cho bn trong vic hiu quy nh to lp mt web form. ng thi, bn cng s hc c cch dng Visual Web Developer tin hnh mt phn vic no ca mnh. V d nh bn c th ko mt user control t Solution Exploere v b vo mt web form; Visual Web Developer s register bang iu khin v thm vo mt instance ca bng iu khin cho bn. Ti trang ny s to thnh mt output m chng ta c th thy Hnh 4.10.By gi, y l mt v d n gian cn thit, chng ta c th d dng m rng (extend) web form ny cho cc mc ch cc khc nhau. Bn c th thy trong phn code c ct ra pha trn chng ta mc nh LabelText property mt cch trc tip s dng cc thnh phn ca bang iu khin, tuy nhin, chng ta cng c th tip cn properties bng code ca chng ta. Sau y l mt v d m trong chng ta mc nh LabelText properties ca mi bng iu khin s dng VB v C#.

   MASTER PAGES

   Master Pages l mt yu t quan trng c gii thiu bi ASP.NET 2.0. Master pages cng ging nh web user control bi n cng bao gm HTML v cc bng iu khin khc; n c th c m rng bng cch thm vo event, methods, hoc properties; v n khng th c ti trc tip bi ngi dng, thay vo , n c s dng nh l building block thit k cu trc cc web forms ca bn. Bn c th th master pages khi bn to lp d n ASP.NET u tin ca mnh trong Chng 1, bi v Visual Web Developer IDE s t ng bao gm mt master page mu khi bn to lp file d n.

   Mt master page l mt trang template c th c ng dng vo nhiu web forms vi mt hin th n nh. V d, mt master page c th mc nh mt cu trc tiu chun bao gm header, footer v cc yu t khc m bn mun c trong mt web form a dng trong web application. Tp tin master page c ui m rng l .master, v cng ging nh web forms v web user controls, n h tr code-behind files. Tt c cc master pages tha hng t t hp System.Web.UI.MasterPage.

   Thit k cu trc ca mt site c s dng master page v web user controls s cho bn kh nng iu chnh v m rng site mt cch d dng. Nu site ca bn s dng cc tnh nng ny mt cch hiu qu v c tnh ton, n c th cc k d dng iu chnh mt vi chi tit nht nh ca layout hoc chc nng trong site ca bn, l do y l v update master page hoc web user control s cho ra hiu qu tc thi trn tt c cc web form c s dng cc tp tin ny.

   Nh chng ta c bn trc y, mt master oage c xy dng c s dng HTML v cc bng iu khin, bao gm c bng iu khin ContentPlaceHolder. Nh ci tn ca n ni ln tt c, ContentPlaceHolder l mt k hiu s hng c th c lp y vi ni dung lin quan n nhu cu ca tng web form c th c s dng master page. Trong vic to lp master page, chng ta bao gm tt c cc cu trc cn bn nht ca cc trang tng lai (future pages) ca master page, bao gm c , , v tags, v ng thi cho web form nh r ni dung s hin th trong k hiu s hng.

   Sau y l mt v d. Gi nh rng chng ta c mt site vi rt nhiu trang, mi trang s bao gm header, footer v menu ty chnh tiu chun, lay out nh Hnh 4.12

   Nu tt c cc trang trong site u c cng header, footer v menu ty chnh, th vic master pager phi c bao gm cc thnh phn v xy dng vi web form m ch thay i v tr ni dung trn mi trang l ng nhin. Chng ta s bt u to lp mt site nh vy trong Chng 5, nhng ta cng nn xem qua v d sau y:

   cho n gin, chng ta s khng bao gm mt menu ti y: chng ta s ch bao gm header, footer v ni t ni dung. Thm vo mt tp tin mi trong d n ca bn c s dng Master Page template trong Visual Web Developer. t tn tp tin l FrontPages.master, Hnh 4.13 c ch r cho bn, ng thi chn mt ngn ng ph hp. Bn s thy rng mt vi tags c to sn cho bn, mt ti , v mt ti page body. Bn c th remove cc phn ny v iu chnh trang nh sau:

   Mt ln na, phin bn C# cng ging nh vy ngoi tr phn Master delaration u trang:

   Mt master page nhn cng ging nh mt web form, ngoi tr mt chi tit quan trng l n c mt bng iu khin ContenPlaceHolder trng. Nu bn mun xy dng mt web form da trn master page ny th bn ch cn dn chiu n master page c s dng Page directive trong web form; Visual Web Developer sau s dng master page ny to ra code cho bn. Edit code khp vi code snippet sau:

   Phin bn VB v C# ca code ny l nh nhau, ngoi tr phn ngn ng - Language trong Page declaration, nhng bi v Visual Web Developer tp ra tt c cc code cho bn mt cch t ng cho nn bn cng khng cn phi lo lng v iu , thay vo , bn c th tp trung vo ni dung. Bn hon tt mi vic cho n lc ny! Cho chy FrontPage.aspx s to ra mt output c th hin nh Hnh 4.14

   Mc d v d trn kh l n gin, nhng n cho ta thy rng vic bn hon ton c kh nng tp lp nhiu web forms da trn template ny. Trong trng hp ca chng ta, master page bao gm mt ContentPlaceHolder n, nhng n c th c nhiu hn. Bn cnh , chng ta c th xc nh trong master page nhng ni dung mc nh hin th bn trong ContentPlaceHolder trn nhng trang m web form ca n khng h tr mt thnh phn Content cho ch ni dung .

   Chng ta s tm hiu cc kh nng ca Visual Web Developer nhiu hn trong cc chng tip theo, chng ny, bn c th hc c mt cch hiu qu vic s dng Design mode edit web forms mt cch trc quan nht da trn nn master pages. Nhn vo Hnh 4.15, bn c th thy ni dung ca master page ny l thun c (read-only) v bn ch c th edit vng ni dung ca trang.

   S Dng Cascading Style Sheet (CSS)

   Khng c nghi ng g khi ni rng cc bng iu khin gip chng ta d dng hn ti s dng nhiu tnh nng ti nhiu ni khc nhau. V d nh vic thm vo lch calendar cho cc web forms bng cch s dng bng iu khin Calendar web server.Tuy nhin, cc bng iu khin khng gii quyt c ht cc vn trong vic xc nh v qun l cc thnh phn trc quan ca web dite. Cc web site hin i cn c update thng xuyn v c nh, v s khng tin li v hiu qu nu c edit hng trm trang bng tay ch thay i mu trang ri sau li phi kim tra li ht tt c m bo rng thay i ny n nh. Vic ny s cng kh khn hn nu c nhiu thay i hay update. Tuy nhin, vn ny c th c gii quyt nu bn c th tun theo mt vi quy tc c bn v s dng cc cng c m HTML v ASP.NET cung cp. Mt cng c thit yu xy dng cc style trc quan c th s dng li l Cascading Style Sheets (CSS). Ngay t u, HTML c thit k truyn ti cc ni dung vn bn n gin, v khng h c cc chi tit v vic cc items s hin th nh th no trong cc trnh duyt. HTLM vic phc tp cho cc trnh duyt, ng thi HTLM thit k cc output cho cc gii hn v mnh cho my ca ngi dng. Trong khi chng ta c th thay i font styles, sizes, colors v nhiu th khc bng cch s dng HTML tags, v vic ny s dn n cc code v trang phc tp rt kh restyle v sau ny. CSS cho php nh lp trnh web kh nng to lp mt b cc styles ti cc a im khc nhau, v p dng cc styles ny cho tt c cc trang trong web site ca chng ta. Tt c cc trang m style sheet c p dng vo s hin th cng mt fonts, mu, v sizes v cho trang s thng nht. Khng quan tm n vic trang ca ta c mt trang hay 300 trang, khi chng ta iu chnh cc styles trong style sheet, cc thay i cng chng ta s ngay lp tc c p dng vo tt c cc trang c s dng style sheet . Ch n Themes v Skins

   APS.NET cung cp mt gi tr vt (extra value) v kh nng cho cc trang xy dng cc thnh phn trc quan c th ti s dng bng vic h tr themes v skins. Bn s hc thm v iu nay trong Chng 5.

   Cc Loi Style v Style SheetsC ba cch bn c th kt ni vi styles vi yu t ca mt trang web c th: S dng mt style sheet bn ngoiNu bn t style rules ca mnh trong mt style sheet bn ngoi, bn c th link tp tin ny n bt k trang web no m bn mun s dng cc style ny, iu ny s lm cho vic update hin th ca cc site thnh mt chuyn d dng.

   Trong v d trn, file.css cn phi l mt tp tin vn bn bao gm CSS rules, ging vi v d di y khi ci t mu ca background v foreground ca tt c element:

   S dng mt style sheet nhngBn c th t style rule cho mt trang gia tags bn trong head element ca trang nh sau:

   Kh khn trong vic s dng style nhng l chng ta khng th ti s dng cc style ny trong mt trang khc m khng nh li-v vy vic thay i trang ton din cng s kh qun l.S dng inline style rulesInline style cho php chng ta ci c cc styles cho mt yu t n c s dng thnh phn Style. V d, chng ta s ng dng style delaration t v d trc n mt tag c th nh sau:

   Khi n c dng trong style sheet nhng hoc style sheet bn ngoi, mt style rule s c mt selector theo sau bi mt delaration block bao gm mt hay nhiu cc style delaration. Xem v d sau:

   y, chng ta c mt style rule vi mt selector a, theo sau bi mt delaration block bao gm hay style delaration: mt cho background-color property v mt cho color property. Mt delaration block c phn nh bi cc du ngoc nhn {}. Mt style declaration bao gm mt property, mt du hai chn ( : ) v mt gi tr. Nhiu delarations c phn nh bi u chm phy ( ; ), v cng nn b du chm phy khi kt thc cc delarations. Selector trong mt style rule s xc nh cc yu t m cc rule s c p dng vo. Trong ASP.NET, chng ta thng s dng hai loi selector. Element type selectorMt element type selector nhm n tt c cc trng hp n ca mt element c th. V d, nu chng ta mun thay i mu ca tt c cc headling th hai (second-level heading) trong mt tp tin, chng ta c th dng mt element type selector nhm n tt c :

   Class selectorsNgi ta c th cho rng cch ph bin nht s dng style trong trang ca bn l cho mi element mt thnh phn class, sau nhm tt c cc element c cng mt gi tr class nht nh. V d, bng sau cho thy mt on ca thnh phn class c mc nh n pageinfo:

   Bit rng bt k element no vi t hp pageinfor cng cn phi chin th trong fine print, chng ta c th tp lp mt style rule dng gim size ca vn bn trong on ny, v bt k element no khc vi thnh phn class=pageinfor, c s dng mt class selector. Class selector bao gm mt du chm (.) v mt class name:

   Cho d bn dng style sheets bn ngoi, style sheets nhng hay inline style rules th style delaration cng dng cng mt syntax. n y, bn c mt s kin thc c bn v mt vi cc khi nim thit yu trong CSS, tip theo, hy nghin cu cc dng khc nhau ca styles m bn c th dng trong ASP.NET applications. Style PropertiesBn c th nh r mt dng khc nhau ca properties trong style sheets. Sau y l danh sch ca nhng loi property thng dng nht:FontLoi property ny cho bn kh nng format text-level element, bao gm c font faces, sizes, decoration weights, colors v nhiu th khc ca n. BackgroundLoi property ny cho php bn ty chnh backgrounds cho cc objects v text. Gi tr ca nhng loi ny cho php bn kim sot cc background, cho d bn c dng mu hay hnh nh cho background v cho d bn c mun lp li hnh nh ca background hay khng. BlockLoi ny cho php bn iu chnh khaong3 cch gia cc on, gia cc hng, cc t v cc k t. BoxLoi ny cho php chng ta ty chnh bng biu. Nu bn cn iu chnh boders, padding, spacing v mu ca bng, hng, th nn s dng cc element trong loi ny.BorderLoi ny cho pho bn v borders vi nhiu mu, style, v dy khc nhau xung quang page element. ListLoi ny cho php bn ty chnh cch m ordered v unordered lists c hin th. Positioningiu chnh positioning cho php bn di chuyn v t v tr cc tags v bng iu khin mt cch t do. Cc loi c lit k pha trn phc tho cc mt ca mt trang thit k c th c iu chnh mt cch tiu chun nht bng cch s dng CSS. V nh chng ta i n gn ht quyn sch, c kh nhiu loi ca style properties s tr nn hin nhin. CssClass PropertyMt khi bn v ang xc nh mt t hp trong mt style sheet (cho d l bn ngoi hay bn trng), bn cng s mun bt u kt ni t hp vi cc elements trong web forms ca mnh. Bn c th kt ni cc t hp vi ASP.NET web server controls c s dng CssClass property. Trong nhiu trng hp, gi tr bn cho CssClass property s c dng nh l gi tr ca thnh phn class ca element kt qu.

   Hy xem v d sau. u tin, dng Style Sheet template to lp trong folder lm vic ca bn (LearningASP\VB hoc LearningASP\CS) trong tp tin c tn Stlye.css. Bn s thy rng Visual Web Developer thm vo mt style rule trng cho style sheet mi tp lp vi mt selector body. Chng ta s khng cn n rule cho v d ny, v vy, hnh sau ch l phn code pha sau :

   Sau , to lp mt web form c tn UsingStyles.aspx, bao gm code sau:

   Ti trang ny s cho ra mt output nh Hnh 4.16. (Chng ta bit rng nhn nh hnh th c v khng p lm, nhng d sao th chng ta cng l nhng ngi vit chng trnh ch khng phi nh thit k, nhng im mu cht y l vi kt qu nh vy v bn s dng CSS vi ASP.NET th bn t c mc ch v tiu ch ca bi tp ny).

   Trong chng tip theo, chng ta s hc cch s dng Visual Web Developer to lp CSS definitions thng qua mt giao din trc quan n gin.

   TM TTTrong chng ny, chng ta bn v web forms, HTML server controls, web server controls, web user controls, master pages, v CSS. Tt c nhng thnh phn ny c th c kt hp to nn mt cu trc mnh cho web site ca bn. Trong chng tip theo, chng ta s bt u xy dng mt web apllications thc th, thm vo qu trnh thc hnh ca mnh cc l thuyt bn hc v s dng mt mi trng pht trin chuyn nghip, tt c s l mt phn tt yu trong cng vic ca bn.

   LI CM N

   Trn thc t khng c s thnh cng no m khng gn lin vi nhng s h tr, gip d t hay nhiu, d trc tip hay gin tip ca ngi khc. Trong sut thi gian t khi bt u hc tp ging ng i hc n nay, em nhn c rt nhiu s quan tm, gip ca qu Thy C, gia nh v bn b. Vi lng bit n su sc nht, em xin gi n qu Thy C Khoa Khoa Hc My Tnh Trng i Hc M TP.H Ch Minh cng vi tri thc v tm huyt ca mnh truyn t vn kin thc qu bu cho chng em trong sut thi gian hc tp ti trng. V c bit, trong hc k ny, Khoa t chc cho chng em c tip cn vi mn hc m theo em l rt hu ch i vi sinh vin ngnh Khoa Hc My Tnh cng nh tt c cc sinh vin thuc cc chuyn ngnh Khoa Hc K Thut khc. l mn hc Lp Trnh Web. Em xin chn thnh cm n C Nguyn Th Mai Trang tn tm hng dn chng em qua tng bui hc trn lp cng nh nhng bui ni chuyn, tho lun v lnh vc sng to trong nghin cu khoa hc. Nu khng c nhng li hng dn, dy bo ca thy th em ngh bi thu hoch ny ca em rt kh c th hon thin c. Mt ln na, em xin chn thnh cm n c. Bi thu hoch c thc hin trong khong thi gian gn 3 tun. Bc u i vo thc t, tm hiu v lnh vc sng to trong nghin cu khoa hc, kin thc ca em cn hn ch v cn nhiu b ng. Do vy, khng trnh khi nhng thiu st l iu chc chn, em rt mong nhn c nhng kin ng gp qu bu ca qu Thy C v cc bn hc cng lp kin thc ca em trong lnh vc ny c hon thin hn.

   Sau cng, em xin knh chc qu Thy C trong Khoa Khoa Hc My Tnh tht di do sc khe, nim tin tip tc thc hin s mnh cao p ca mnh l truyn t kin thc cho th h mai sau.Trn trng. TP. HCM, ngy 28 thng 12 nm 2014Sinh vin thc hin 21 | Page