Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
BULETIN APLINDO N0.51/2017, Maret – April 2017
Asosiasi Industri Pengecoran Logam Indonesia
Gedung Manggala Wanabakti Blok IV Lantai 3 Ruang 303A
Jl. Gatot Subroto, Senayan, Jakarta 10270
Telp. 021.573 3832 ; 571 0486; Fax : 021.572 1328
Email :[email protected] Web Site : www.aplindo.web.id
APLINDO
BULETIN - APLINDO No.51/2017
1
DAFTAR ISI
No. Uraian Halaman
1. Pengantar Redaksi 2
2. Forum Gas Bumi Nasional 3
3. Indonesia Pension Conference 7
4. Hasil Sensus Ekonomi 2016 (SE2016) 8
5. Menuju Era Industri 4.0 10
6. PT. Buana Centra Swakarsa (BCS) Logistics Layani KA Petikemas 12
7. 49th Census of World Casting Production
Casting Modest Growth in World wide Market
13
8 19 Tips for Additive Manufacturing Design 17
9 The challenges for energy efficient casting processes 20
10 Data Kendaraan Bermotor 1. Data kendaraan bermotor roda 4 di Indonesia & ASEAN
2. Data kendaraan bermotor roda 2 di Indonesia & ASEAN 3. Populasi Kendaraan Bermotor
31 32
33
11 Informasi Umum dan Pameran
1. Website pemerintah yang dapat diakses 2. Website Asosiasi Industri Pengecoran Logam Indonesia
3. Website Himpunan Ahli Pengecoran Logam Indonesia
Pameran dan Seminar
35 35
35
35
BULETIN - APLINDO No.51/2017
2
Pengantar Redaksi
Pada edisi 51/2017 ini, membahas mengenai pengelolaan energi gas bumi secara
optimal guna memenuhi kebutuhan domestik dengan harga gas yang affordable
sehingga industri dapat berdaya saing.
Saat ini dunia tengah menghadapi revolusi industri 4.0 yang mengintegrasikan dunia
online dengan lini produksi di industri manufaktur dan dalam edisi ini diinformasikan
hasil sensus produksi pengecoran di dunia ke-49 yang menggambarkan pertumbuhan
pasar dunia dimana produksi pengecoran global terus meningkat pada tahun 2014 yang
tumbuh sebesar 2,4 juta metrik ton atau meningkat 2,3% dibandingkan dengan tahun
sebelumnya.
Dalam edisi ini juga memuat artikel-artikel untuk menambah pengetahuan dibidang
pengecoran logam, selanjutnya kami mengharapkan agar buletin ini menjadi media
antar anggota maupun antar industri pengecoran didalam negeri dan diluar negeri.
Harapan kami, seluruh anggota dapat mengisi buletin ini menjadi kenyataan.
Redaksi buletin APLINDO menghimbau anggota APLINDO berpartisipasi dalam mengisi
tulisan/artikel, data maupun informasi lain yang berhubungan dengan industri
pengecoran logam. Naskah tulisan/artikel dapat dikirim ke sekretariat APLINDO, melalui
email ataupun fax, namun hingga saat ini sekretariat belum pernah menerima
tulisan/artikel dari anggota.
Redaksi
BULETIN - APLINDO No.51/2017
3
Forum Gas Bumi Nasional
Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral mengadakan Forum Gas Bumi Nasional
yang diselenggarakan di Hotel Borobudur pada tanggal 3 Mei 2017. Acara ini dihadiri
kurang lebih 400 peserta yang terdiri dari Kementerian Koordinator bidang
Perekonomian dan bidang Kemaritiman, Kementerian Perinsustrian, Bappenas,
Kementerian Perdagangan, Kementerian BUMN, SKK Migas, BPH Migas, Pemerintah
Daerah, KKKS, BUMN, BUMD, Badan Usaha Gas Bumi, asosiasi terkait hingga akademisi.
Dalam rangkaian acara tersebut juga dilucurkan dua buah buku yaitu :
1. Buku Neraca Gas Bumi 2016 dipakai sebagai acuan rencana pengembangan bisnis
dan penetapan kebijakan serta dalam rangka mendukung program Pemerintah
dalam penyediaan infrastuktur gas dan program 35.000 MW untuk penyediaan
listrik sehingga dapat memberikan kepastian pasokan gas gas bumi mengenai
Rencana Induk Neraca Gas Bumi Indonesia 2016
2. Rencana Induk Jaringan Transmisi dan Distribusi Gas Bumi Nasional Tahun 2016-
2030 sebagai acuan dalam revisi Keputusan Menteri (Kepmen) ESDM 2700
K/11/MEM/2012 yang memberikan informasi mengenai penyediaan infrastruktur
LNG, CNG, LPG dan fasilitas Pengisian Bahan Bakar Gas yang terintegrasi dengan
pipa gas bumi. Buku ini diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai acuan investasi
pengembangan dan pembangunan jaringan transmisi dan distribusi gas bumi bagi
Badan Usaha.
Ketua Umum FIPGB menerima buku secara simbolis dari Menteri ESDM Ignatius Jonan dan para penerima Buku Neraca Gas Bumi 2016 dan Rencana Induk Jaringan Transmisi dan Distribusi Gas Bumi Nasional
Tahun 2016-2030 di Hotel Borobudur Jakarta
BULETIN - APLINDO No.51/2017
4
Kedua buku tersebut diserahkan oleh Menteri Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral (ESDM)
Ignasius Jonan secara simbolis kepada Kepala Dinas ESDM Jawa Timur (Dewi J
Putriatni), Direktur Pertamina Gas (Toton Nugroho), Direktur Utama PT PGN (Hendi Prio
Santoso), Direktur Pengadaan PT PLN (Supangkat Iwan Santoso), Chairman LNG and
Gas Committee IPA (Arifin) dan Ketua Umum Forum Industri Pengguna Gas Bumi
(Achmad Safiun).
Forum Gas Bumi Nasional 2017 dibuka oleh Menteri ESDM Ignatius Jonan, dalam
sambutannya Menteri ESDM menyatakan : ―Eksplorasi gas makin lama makin banyak,
sementara minyak makin turun. Forum gas ini diharapkan jadi forum yang lebih besar
dibanding forum-forum di hulu minyak. Pemerintah sangat mendorong adanya ekplorasi
(gas) yang terus-menurus,"
Jonan juga mengutarakan keheranannya pada
Satuan Kerja Khusus Pelaksana Kegiatan Usaha
Hulu Minyak dan Gas Bumi "Saya itu tidak bisa
mengerti, biaya produksi naik tapi kok output
produksinya menurun. Enggak ngerti saya, sama
sekali."
"Kalau saya kelamaan tidak mengerti, tinggal saya
yang diganti, atau Anda yang saya ganti,"
Migas harus menghasilkan produk bagus dengan
harga yang pantas, yang merupakan suatu
kewajiban yang harus diterapkan seluruh perusahaan serta perlunya kesungguhan
dalam meningkatkan efisiensi biaya produksi dari waktu ke waktu.
Menteri Jonan juga menyampaikan bahwa sesuai arahan Presiden RI Joko Widodo, gas
bumi juga diutamakan sebagai sumber energi primer untuk kelistrikan dimana alokasi
gas-nya akan diputuskan oleh Pemerintah dan akan ditanda tangani oleh menteri. Harga
gas bumi dalam negeri untuk pembangkit listrik sebesar 8 persen dari harga minyak
Indonesia (Indonesian Crude Price/ICP) untuk pembangkit listrik yang berdekatan
dengan sumur gas dan 11,5 persen untuk pembangkit yang jauh dari sumur gas. 11,5
persen dari ICP free on board (FoB), jika lebih besar PLN dapat membeli LNG dari luar
negeri. Dengan catatan harga LNG impor tersebut sudah termasuk regasifikasi pembeli
atau sudah landed price. Jika harga listrik tidak kompetitif, maka seluruh industri juga
tidak kompetitif dan berpengaruh besar terhadap lapangan kerja.
Hingga saat ini, ketergantungan batubara sebagai sumber energi untuk pembangkit
listrik masih sangat besar, yaitu lebih dari 55% dari total kapasitas terpasang sekitar 60
BULETIN - APLINDO No.51/2017
5
Giga Watt (GW). Menteri ESDM mengharapkan agar bauran energi batubara pada tahun
2025 dapat turun sekitar 40%. "Kalau mau saya di 2025, (dari) minimal 115 GW
penggunaan batubara turun 40 sampai 30 persen‖ Kata Jonan.
Menteri ESDM Ignasius Jonan mengkritik tarif distribusi yang dipungut Pertagas, PGN,
dan badan usaha lainnya yang bergerak di bidang usaha transportasi gas bumi. "Jalan
tol itu kalau sepi tarifnya sama. Tapi Pertagas sama PGN ini beda. Kalau jalan tolnya
(pipa gas) sepi jadi mahal. Kalau begini bukan bisnis," kata Jonan
Tarif distribusi yang dipungut tak masuk akal, sebab semakin sedikit gas yang lewat
maka tarif tol fee pipa gas akan makin mahal, seharusnya tarif tol fee bersifat tetap,
berapa pun gas yang masuk ke pipa tetap sama, tidak jadi mahal ketika yang lewat
sedikit. Pihaknya akan memanggil PGN, Pertagas, dan perusahaan-perusahaan di
midstream gas bumi lainnya untuk membicarakan masalah ini. Jangan ada pelaku usaha
yang mengeruk keuntungan tidak wajar. Biaya distribusi gas akan segera diatur Jonan,
ada batas Internal Rate Return (IRR), margin keuntungan, depresiasi pipa, dan lain-lain.
Menteri ESDM mengingatkan kembali upaya Pemerintah menyediakan harga gas yang
lebih kompetitif, selain untuk pembangkit listrik, juga untuk industri dalam negeri.
"Bapak Presiden selalu berharap harga gas harus affordable dan kompetitif
sehingga industri bisa jalan," kata Jonan.
Berdasarkan Permen ESDM no. 40 tahun 2016 tentang Harga Gas Bumi Untuk Industri
Tertentu, telah mendapatkan penurunan harga gas tiga sektor industri yaitu industri
baja (PT. Krakatau Steel), pupuk (PT Pupuk Kujang, PT Pupuk Iskandar Muda, PT Pupuk
Sriwidjaja, PT Pupuk Kalimantan Timur) dan petrokimia (PT Kaltim Parna Industri, PT
Kaltim Methanol Industri, PT Petrokimia Gresik), namun hingga saaat ini belum
menikmati penurunan harga tersebut, sedangkan untuk industri lainnya akan menyusul
setelah dilakukan pembahasan dengan Kementerian Koordinator bidang Perekonomian.
Khusus untuk wilayah Sumatera Utara, penurunan harga gas telah dilakukan
berdasarkan Keputusan Menteri ESDM No. 434 K/12/MEN/2017 Tentang Harga Gas
Bumi Untuk Industri Di Wilayah Medan Dan Sekitarnya yang berlaku surut 1 Februari
2017. Industri di Sumatera Utara telah menikmati penurunan harga gas setelah Menteri
ESDM meninjau ke Sumatera Utara pada bulan April 2017 dari US$ 13,82 per MMBTU
menjadi US$ 9,95 per MMBTU.
BULETIN - APLINDO No.51/2017
6
Setelah Menteri memberikan arahan, maka rapat Forum Gas Bumi dibagi dalam 4
kelompok diskusi secara paralel yaitu harga gas bumi, pengembangan infrastruktur,
regulasi dan tata niaga gas bumi dan pemanfaatan gas bumi.
Berikut kesimpulan dari 4 kelompok diskusi tersebut, yaitu :
A. Kelompok I, Harga Gas Bumi :
1. Forum melihat bahwa persoalan di Indonesia bukanlah pasokan gas tetapi harga
gas sehingga bagaimana cara agar membuat harga menjadi lebih layak beli.
Untuk itu diharapkan Perpres 40/2016 dapat segera dilaksanakan.
2. Forum menyatakan bahwa melihat kondisi harga gas hulu yang sangat
regulated, diperlukan pengaturan hilir khususnya penetapan toll fee. untuk itu
urgensi dari revisi Permen 19/2009 Sangat tinggi
B. Kelompok II, Pengembangan Infrastruktur :
1. Rencana induk diintegrasikan dengan rencana pembangunan nasional
2. Tindak lanjut rencana induk yaitu membuat rencana aksi yang terintegrasi dari
setiap stakeholder, mulai dari tata kelola, perencanaan, pendanaan,
pembangunan, pengoperasian dan pemanfaatan.
3. Fasilitasi penyederhanaan perizinan sehingga rencana induk dapat terlaksana
C. Kelompok III, Regulasi dan Tata Niaga Gas Bumi
1. Perlu segera adanya penetapan revisi Permen 19/2009 untuk pengaturan biaya
distribusi, penyimpanan, pengangkutan dan Niaga gas secara terpisah.
2. Diperlukan segera pengaturan terkait izin impor sehingga pelaku usaha dapat
memiliki kepastian terkait sumber pasokan gas serta prosedur pelaksanaan
impor yang jelas mengingat sesuai dengan neraca gas bumi Indonesia 2016-
2035, impor gas bumi dapat terjadi mulai tahun 2019.
D. Kelompok IV, Pemanfaatan Gas Bumi
1. Percepatan pembahasan POD Kasuri dengan Ditjen Migas
2. Diperlukan penetapan alokasi gas dari Tangguh untuk Pupuk Indonesia
3. Diperlukan kepastian lokasi kilang Massela di darat dan alokasi gas bumi untuk
industri petrokimia
4. Diperlukan kepastian pasokan gas untuk pupuk dan listrik setelah berakhirnya
PSC
5. Diperlukan penambahan anggaran untuk mengejar target pengembangan jargas
1 juta sambungan rumah (SR) pertahun
6. Diperlukan pembahasan lebih lanjut terkait kebutuhan gas di 11 Kawasan
Ekonomi Khusus (KEK)
BULETIN - APLINDO No.51/2017
7
Indonesia Pension Conference: 25 Years of Pension Savings – Way forward for next Quarter Century
Saat ini, pertumbuhan minat masyarakat masih relatif kecil dalam mengikuti program
dana pensiun padahal manfaat dana pensiun tersebut sangat penting dalam memberi
jaminan kesejahteraan baik pada saat aktif bekerja maupun di hari tua. Karena itulah
Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) dalam upaya meningkatkan pertumbuhan industri dana
pensiun untuk mendorong kenaikan kesejahteraan yang layak bagi pekerja dengan
menyelenggarakan Seminar Internasional Dana Pensiun di Hotel Grand Hyatt, Jakarta
pada tanggal 25 - 26 April 2017, bertepatan dengan memasuki 25 tahun terbitnya
Undang-Undang Dana Pensiun No. 11 tahun 1992.
Sebelum UU No. 11 tahun 1992 diluncurkan, tidak banyak orang Indonesia yang
mengerti manfaat program pensiun yang mencakup masa pensiun mereka, karena
kebanyakan orang menganggap keluarga mereka sebagai dana pensiun mereka dan
saat ini jumlah orang yang bekerja di Indonesia yang mengerti dan sadar akan
kebutuhan untuk memiliki program pensiun masih sangat terbatas. Jumlah peserta dana
pensiun di Indonesia saat ini hingga Februari 2017 adalah 4,47 juta orang atau
mencapai 6,37 persen dari total tenaga kerja di Indonesia dengan pertumbuhan aset
industri dana pensiun meningkat dari 7,06 persen di tahun 2015 menjadi 15,5 persen di
tahun 2016. Sementara itu, jumlah peserta jaminan pensiun BPJS Ketenagakerjaan per
31 Desember 2016 sebesar 9,13 juta orang dengan total aset Rp 13,8 triliun per 28
Februari 2017. Jumlah ini masih sangat kecil bila dibandingkan dengan negara
berkembang lainnya di Asia Tenggara.
Pada tahun 2004 terbit Undang-Undang Jaminan Sosial, yang memperkenalkan program
asuransi pensiun melalui BPJS Employment dalam upaya meningkatkan kesejahteraan
karyawan di Indonesia, baik untuk pekerja lepas maupun pekerja tetap. Namun,
kehadiran pensiun sebagai program wajib bagi karyawan juga menimbulkan beberapa
tantangan, terutama kalangan pengusaha. Banyak perusahaan berasumsi bahwa
program asuransi mereka sendiri sudah mencukupi dan tidak terlalu antusias mengenai
program Ketenagakerjaan BPJS, mengingat kerangka peraturan lain diperkenalkan.
Peringatan 25 tahun UU Dana Pensiun memberi kesempatan bagi semua pemangku
kepentingan terkait untuk mengevaluasi keadaan sistem pensiun saat ini di Indonesia
dan langkah-langkah perbaikan sistem ke depan dengan pertimbangan bagaimana
mensinergikan program pensiun dengan program kesejahteraan lainnya untuk semua
pekerja, sehingga program ini dapat berjalan harmonis dan memberikan dukungan yang
dibutuhkan pekerja saat mereka berusia lanjut. Untuk jelasnya makalah dapat dilihat di
: http://www.ojk.go.id/id/berita-dan-kegiatan/info-terkini
BULETIN - APLINDO No.51/2017
8
Hasil Sensus Ekonomi 2016 (SE2016)
Dalam rangka Sensus Ekonomi 2016 (SE2016), pada bulan Mei – Juni 2016 telah
dilakukan kegiatan pendaftaran usaha/perusahaan seluruh lapangan usaha, tidak
termasuk lapangan usaha pertanian.
Hasil SE2016 tercatat sebanyak 26,71 juta usaha/perusahaan yang dikelompokkan
dalam 15 kategori lapangan usaha sesuai dengan Klasifikasi Baku Lapangan Usaha
Indonesia (KBLI) 2015. Bila dibedakan menurut skala usaha, 26,26 juta perusahaan
(98,33 persen) berskala UMK dan 0,45 juta perusahaan (1,67 persen) berskala UMB.
Dibandingkan dengan Sensus Ekonomi 2006 (SE06) jumlah usaha/perusahaan
meningkat 17,51 persen dari 22,73 juta menjadi 26,71 juta.
Lapangan Usaha
Hasil SE2016 menunjukkan bahwa distribusi usaha/perusahaan menurut lapangan
usaha, didominasi oleh lapangan usaha perdagangan besar dan eceran sebanyak 12,3
juta usaha/perusahaan atau 46,17 persen dari seluruh usaha/perusahaan yang ada di
Indonesia. Kemudian diikuti oleh lapangan usaha penyediaan akomodasi dan
penyediaan makan minum sebesar 16,72 persen, industri pengolahan sebesar 16,53
persen dan selebihnya 20,58 persen merupakan lapangan usaha lainnya (lihat
Gambar1).
Gambar 1 Jumlah Usaha/Perusahaan
menurut Kategori Lapangan Usaha dan Skala Usaha tahun 2016
BULETIN - APLINDO No.51/2017
9
Sebaran Usaha
Sementara dilihat dari sebaran usaha berdasarkan letak geografis, BPS mengungkapkan
bahwa Indonesia bagian barat masih mendominasi pusat-pusat ekonomi yang ada (lihat
gambar 2). Sebanyak 79,35 persen usaha berada di Indonesia bagian barat yakni Pulau
Sumatra dan Jawa. Sedangkan bila dirinci lagi, Pulau Jawa sendiri menyumbang 60,74
persen usaha. Artinya, dari 22,73 juta usaha atau perusahaan yang ada di seluruh
Indonesia, 16,2 juta di antaranya berada di Pulau Jawa.
Gambar 2
Jumlah Usaha/Perusahaan menurut Skala Usaha dan Pulau tahun 2016
Tenaga Kerja
Jumlah tenaga kerja menurut lapangan usaha, sejalan dengan jumlah usaha/
perusahaan yaitu didominasi oleh lapangan usaha perdagangan besar dan eceran
sebanyak 22,37 juta tenaga kerja atau 31,81 persen dari tenaga kerja yang ada di
Indonesia.
Kegiatan Lanjutan SE2016
Pada tahun 2017 akan dilaksanakan kegiatan SE2016 lanjutan, berupa pendataan rinci
terhadap UMK dan UMB. Pencacahan terhadap UMK akan dilakukan secara sampel,
sedangkan untuk UMB dilakukan secara lengkap kecuali kategori G (Perdagangan Besar
dan Eceran; Reparasi dan Perawatan Mobil dan Sepeda Motor) sesuai dengan direktori
usaha/perusahaan berskala menengah dan besar. Pencacahan ini dilakukan untuk
memperoleh informasi yang lebih rinci mengenai struktur ketenagakerjaan, stuktur
permodalan, struktur biaya dan produksi, prospek usaha dan lainnya.
BULETIN - APLINDO No.51/2017
10
Menuju Era Industri 4.0
Ketika perekonomian China sedang mengalami pergeseran, ternyata nyaris tanpa sadar
perekonomian dunia pun sedang menuju sebuah era baru terutama di sektor
perindustrian dan manufaktur. Transformasi yang terjadi saat ini merupakan dampak
dari perkembangan teknologi dinilai berskala besar dan kompleks, bahkan
perkembangan pesat dan sangat mempengaruhi dunia bisnis bahkan kehidupan
manusia. Transformasi ini tak lain adalah revolusi industri keempat atau yang mulai
dikenal dengan istilah Industri 4.0.
Sekarang ini kita hidup dalam dunia yang bergerak cepat dan saling terkoneksi, di mana
perubahan teknologi, politik, demografi, dan ekonomi secara bersamaan mampu
mengguncang dunia nyaris secara instan.
Istilah Industri 4.0 ini pertama kali dikenal di Jerman pada 2011 dan menilik dari
sejarah, revolusi industri pertama terjadi pada abad 18, ketika ditemukan mesin-mesin
bertenaga uap, yang membuat manusia beralih dari mengandalkan tenaga hewan ke
mesin-mesin produksi mekanis. Revolusi industri kedua berlangsung di sekitar tahun
1870 ketika industri dunia beralih ke tenaga listrik yang mampu menciptakan produksi
massal. Revolusi industri ketiga terjadi di era 1960-an saat perangkat elektronik mampu
menghadirkan otomatisasi produksi. Kini, industri dan manufaktur dunia bersiap
menghadapi revolusi industri keempat; Industri 4.0.
Industri 4.0 tak lain mengintegrasikan dunia online dengan mencakup berbagai jenis
teknologi, mulai dari 3D printing hingga robotik, jenis material baru serta sistem
produksi yang terhubung secara digital. Sebagai ilustrasi, sebuah manufaktur yang di
dalamnya mesin-mesin dan robot mampu bekerja menjalankan tugas-tugas rumit,
bertukar informasi, saling memberi dan menerima perintah secara otomatis tanpa
melibatkan manusia. Semua proses produksi tersebut berjalan dengan internet sebagai
penopang utama. Semua obyek dilengkapi perangkat teknologi yang dibantu sensor
mampu berkomunikasi sendiri dengan sistem teknologi informasi.
Langkah menuju Industry 4.0 ini akan memberikan manfaat bagi sektor swasta.
Produsen besar yang terintegrasi akan dapat mengoptimalkan serta menyederhanakan
rantai suplai mereka, Sistem manufaktur yang dioperasikan secara digital juga akan
membuka peluang pasar baru bagi UKM penyedia teknologi seperti sensor, robotik, 3D
printing atau teknologi komunikasi antar mesin.
BULETIN - APLINDO No.51/2017
11
Industri dunia memang sedang bergerak menuju era Industri 4.0. Suka atau tidak,
model baru pengelolaan bisnis akan muncul. Pasar tenaga kerja dan dunia kerja akan
berubah drastis sebagai dampak digitalisasi kegiatan ekonomi. Di satu sisi, kekhawatiran
meningginya tingkat pengangguran akan terus membayangi perekonomian. Di sisi lain,
Industri 4.0 justru membuka peluang baru bagi kreativitas tenaga kerja sekaligus
menaikkan standardisasi tenaga kerja terampil. Dalam konteks itulah, mungkin tak ada
salahnya mengkaji kembali strategi kebijakan ekonomi domestik, khususnya terkait
perindustrian dan pasar tenaga kerja, demi mengantisipasi dampak tren baru Industri
4.0.
Bagi negara-negara berkembang, Industry 4.0 dapat membantu menyederhanakan
rantai suplai produksi, yang dalam hal ini sangat dibutuhkan guna mengakali biaya
tenaga kerja yang kian meningkat. Sebagai contoh, rencana 10 tahun Cina yang
diumumkan bulan Mei tahun lalu yang berjudul ―Made in China 2025‖
(http://gelookahead.economist.com/future-scope/bruce-mckern/) menargetkan sektor-
sektor inti seperti robotik, teknologi informasi dan energi, dalam upaya mengubah
negara yang kini dikenal sebagai ―raksasa manufaktur‖ menjadi ―penggerak manufaktur
dunia‖ – untuk itu, Cina akan menggempur nilai investasi R&D hingga 1,7% dari jumlah
total pendapatan manufaktur di tahun 2025.
Meski menjanjikan, masih banyak hal yang harus dilakukan untuk mewujudkan Industry
4.0 dalam skala besar. Contohnya, dalam hal regulasi, para perancang kebijakan harus
dapat memastikan arus data, yang merupakan jantung dari Industry 4.0, dapat
bergerak dengan bebas dan aman melalui rantai suplai secara lintas negara. Hal ini akan
memakan waktu yang tidak sedikit.
Revolusi industri ke-empat memang masih berkembang, namun perjalanan untuk
mewujudkannya sudah dimulai.
Ketua APLINDO dalam acara
penandatanganan kerjasama
teknologi Casting Design dan Molding Injection Simulation Software antara Kementerian Perindustrian, KITECH (
Korea Institute of Industrial Technology) dan ITB (Institut Teknologi Bandung) pada hari Selasa tanggal 18 April 2017 di Kementerian
Perindustrian, Jakarta
BULETIN - APLINDO No.51/2017
12
PT. Buana Centra Swakarsa (BCS) Logistics Layani KA Petikemas
Cikarang Dry Port-Stasiun Benteng Surabaya
Buana Centra Swakarsa (BCS Logistics) mulai beroperasi layanan angkutan kereta api
yang menghubungkan Cikarang Dry Port dan Stasiun Benteng di Surabaya. Mulai Rabu,
22 Maret 2017 kereta pertama telah memberangkat dari Cikarang Dry Port bermuatan
30 petikemas ukuran 20 TEUs (twenty foot equivalent units) dari Cikarang Dry Port.
Layanan reguler akan dimulai dengan frekuensi tiga kali perjalanan seminggu untuk
tahap awal.
Pengembangan layanan kereta angkutan peti kemas sudah digagas sejak lima tahun
lalu dan Ke depannya BCS Logistics berencana menambah relasi dengan target
berikutnya adalah Bandung.
PT Cikarang Inland Port berharap bisa mengerek volume barang di pelabuhan darat
hingga 45,82% pada tahun ini dan target volume naik dari sekitar 60.000 TEUs 70.000
TEUs peti kemas menjadi 100.000 TEUs peti kemas dari daya tampung dan kapasitas
penuh Cikarang Dry Port sebesar 400.000 TEUs per tahun.
Pembangunan pelabuhan cerdas
pada awal kuartal 2 2017 Dry Port Cikarang akan meluncurkan aplikasi mobile dengan
menerapkan delivery order elektronik (e-DO) dari beberapa mitra jalur pelayaran, dan
sistem auto gate untuk gerakan truk sekitar area pelabuhan yang kering .
Versi pertama dari aplikasi mobile kami akan memungkinkan pengguna untuk melacak
kontainer, akses data reefer, memeriksa faktur luar biasa, memesan layanan trucking
pengumpan, juga untuk memeriksa kapal dan melatih jadwal yang akan mempermudah
mengelola pengiriman kapan saja di mana
saja.
Secara keseluruhan pembangunan
pelabuhan cerdas akan membuat proses di
Cikarang Dry Port yang akan dirampingkan,
pertukaran efisien Data elektronik, dan
minimum untuk tidak dokumen fisik
keterlibatan atau sistem paperless. Sistem
kami akan mengelola dan komunikasi
antarmuka antara sistem, seperti sistem adat istiadat, sistem karantina, dan badan-
badan pemerintah lainnya melalui Indonesia National Single Window.
Perkembangan ini akan mengurangi waktu dan biaya untuk meningkatkan logistik dan
kegiatan rantai pasokan untuk industri sekitar Cikarang dan Jakarta
BULETIN - APLINDO No.51/2017
13
49th Census of World Casting Production
Casting Modest Growth in World wide Market
Global casting production continued its upward trend in 2014, growing by 2.4
million metric tons, a 2.3% increase compared to the previous year’s total.
In 2014, global produc-tion increased to more than 105 million metric tons, an increase
of 2.3% when compared to the previ-ous year, according to this year‘s
MODERNCASTING Census of WorldCasting Production. The total production in 2014
repre-sents an increase of 2.4 mil-lion metric tons compared to 2013. This rate of
growth is a slight decline from 2013‘s 3.4% boost.
This year‘s census includes 37 countries from four continents. Of the 34 nations that
provided data for the past two years, 23 reported expanded production in total ship-
ments when comparing 2014 and 2013. Fourteen countries, meanwhile, saw their
industries contract in the last year.
Countries with developing met-alcasting industries and smaller total outputs, as
expected, had larger fluctuations, with Bosnia & Herzegovina having the largest jump
(40.7%) and Serbia the biggest drop-off (35.9%). China, the world‘s leader in total
production of castings, increased its output by 1.7 million metric tons, a steady overall
increase of 3.8%. The U.S. (1.6%) and India (2.2%), the next largest nations in terms
of overall production, also reported modest growth.
Three of the world‘s mid-tier countries in terms of pro-duction—Ukraine (14.3%),
Turkey (13.4%) and Taiwan (14%)—boasted robust gains in 2014, while the major-ity
of the largest casting producers showed more modest improvements. Brazil, meanwhile,
the world‘s seventh largest metalcasting nation, lost 10.9% of its total production in
2014, erasing the gains made in 2013 when it expanded by 7.4%.
The rest of the top 10 list remained unchanged, with Japan producing 5.54 million
metric tons, Germany 5.25 million and Russia 4.2 million. Behind Brazil, Korea (2.63
million tons), Italy (2.02 million) and France (1.73 mil-lion) round out the list. At first
glance, the total number of metalcasting facilities worldwide ap-pears to have fluctuated
wildly over the course of the last 10 years. At 47,145 for 2014, that total represents an
increase of nearly 13,000 or 38.3% since 2004.
But much of the up-and-down can be pinned to China‘s rate of growth over the past
decade. The world‘s largest producer of castings saw its number of metalcasting
facilities grow exponen-tially, from 12,000 to 30,000 in 2013. But recent consolidation
and slower growth in the Chinese market caused that number to dip slightly in 2014,
settling in at 26,000, which still accounts for 55% of all the world‘s casting operations.
BULETIN - APLINDO No.51/2017
14
The North American market has continued its slight decrease, with the U.S. dropping
below 2,000 for the first time in the history of the World Census. Other established
metalcasting nations, including much of Europe, also saw their total facilities decline
modestly. Slicing the data another way, instead focusing on 2014‘s total versus that of
five years ago, the global metalcasting industry has held steady in the wake of the
economic recession of 2009.
Table 1.Casting production in the World
Table 2.Casting production in the World per Country
BULETIN - APLINDO No.51/2017
15
Total production (see the chart on table 1) has exceeded post-recession levels, while
the total number of casting facilities has increased by 1,104 since 2009.
Increases in efficiency means existing operations are producing more tonnage per site
(see chart 1), though the casting industry may continue to contract in total number of
facilities.
Chart 1. Production per Plant
The slight decline in the number of metalcasting facilities coupled with growth in
overall production can only mean one thing: metalcasters are producing more
tonnage per plant. Facilities are able to fulfill demand with available capacity as
underperforming facilities exit the market place. The industry emphasis on efficiency
also helps explain how less are producing more.
Germany remained, far and away, the nation that produces the most castings per
plant, shipping 8,818 metric tons per plant. The U.S., No. 2 in average production
per plant, produced 6,059 metric tons per site, a slight decrease from 2013‘s figure.
China experienced the largest growth in production per plant in 2014, thanks largely
to the contraction of its metalcasting facilities by 15%. Chinese metalcasters
produced an aver-age of 1,777 metric tons, up 294 tons from 2013. China and Italy,
both with relatively different metalcasting industries, produce the smallest casting
volume per facility.
BULETIN - APLINDO No.51/2017
16
Brazil, due largely to its 10.7% drop in overall casting production, experienced the
biggest decrease in production average (229 tons per site), with its overall number
at 2,043 tons. The U.S. and Brazil were the only two nations in the top 10 to see a
decrease in production per plant.
Table 3. Metal Casting Plants
BULETIN - APLINDO No.51/2017
17
19 Tips for Additive Manufacturing Design
A Modern Casting
The days of mere conjecture, experimentation and hypothetical theories have segued in
to real world examples and experience for 3-D printing sand molds. No longer merely an
emerging technology, 3-D printing has become a bona fide tool in the manufacturer‘s
workshop. While research and development continues, the library of successful
production case studies grows, and industry experts have begun to learn a few best
practices to share among peers.
Several of these experts dispense advice on what they have learned in designing cast
components for this evolving technology. Here, Modern Casting shares 19 of those
lessons.
1. Perform your design and casting simulations up front, even though it adds time.
Simulate the casting process as soon as possible, make it a priority and get as close
to perfect as you can, given the time limitations of the customer.—David Weiss,
Eck Industries
2. The design phase is the most critical aspect of a component‘s life. Many
manufacturing and performance issues created at this stage have a long term
impact on product cost. An integrated approach using computer based technology
not only reduces lead time, it also improves the design. Technologies that assist
creating samples quickly will help maximize the evaluation time and decisions made
during this critical phase.—Tom Prucha, MetalMorphisis
3. It only takes a few hours to print a mold but engineering and development time are
the most important aspects of producing useable structural castings and that
usually takes more than a few days.—Weiss, Design Nuts and Bolts
4. All the tools normally used to produce premium structural castings can be used
with additive manufacturing techniques: chills, insulated sleeves, different sand
types.
—Weiss
5. In additive manufacturing, casting orientation depends on the build-up direction (z-
axis) vs. the parting plane in conventional sand casting.—Jiten Shah, PDA LLC
6. Additive manufacturing opens unique design freedoms. Fillets and radii are always
possible, machining a relief area can be incorporated easily, no draft requirements
BULETIN - APLINDO No.51/2017
18
leads to lower weight, and cores can be eliminated where used due to back draft.
—Shah
7. Isolated hot spots can be fed with spot risers.—Shah
8. Bottom gating is possible for uniform filling with the least turbulence. —Shah
9. Designers don‘t have to account for core split lines, flash or veins. There is flexibility
with the placement of feeding aids such as chills, risers, filters, gates, in-gates, and
zircon facing cores. —Shah, Calculating Cost
10. Factor reasonable risk into the price.—Weiss
11. Hybrid approaches can be utilized for time and/or cost savings. This means
conventional patterns used with 3-D printed cores. For 1,000 parts or higher, hybrid
is more cost effective than 3-D sand printing for parts with a complexity factor of
56 or higher. —Brett Connor, Youngstown State University
12. When patternmaking requires expensive tooling, 3-D sand printing is advantageous
for low quantity production of molds and cores, even for low complexity parts. The
cost advantage depends on sand printing production costs. —Connor
13. For some highly complex parts, 3-D sand printing may be cost effective even if
tooling exists already or part quantities are high, especially in situations where
cores can be consolidated. With 20% fabrication cost reduction, sand printing is
effective for parts with a complexity factor of 45 or higher.—Connor, Marrying
Additive to Production
14. Remember that when prototyping for production, there is more freedom in additive
manufacturing than in standard production techniques.—Weiss
15. The design process must account for additive manufacturing all the way from
concept to pouring, including the removal and handling of cores and molds. Cores
greater than 80 lbs. require attachment points for crane removal. Dual purpose all
thread slot allows lifting with straps by crane. Handholds reduce mold weight,
allowing easier removal and allow for easier placement.—Shah
16. It‘s time to unlearn standard flask sizes, common height copes and drags. Don‘t be
a square. 3-D printed molds can be contoured around the shape of the casting,
saving printing time and mold material.—Mark Lamoncha, Humtown Products
17. But still use common sense. You must have a parting line to clean internal cavities.
The entire mold or mold pieces must fit in the printer. Safe handling practices must
be considered.—Lamoncha
18. Printed sand‘s strongest advantage is reduced lead time. There is no need to
manufacture tooling, part development can be at infancy stage, package designs
BULETIN - APLINDO No.51/2017
19
(partings) are unconstrained, and there is more freedom in gating strategy.—Dave
Rittmeyer, Hoosier Pattern
19. So which process is best? All of them: conventional tooling, printed sand, or
machined sand. In order to optimize printed mold designs, you need to learn how
to apply each option or combination of options for the most cost effective and/or
fastest way to produce your sand casting.
Machined sand might need draft. The tooling will limit fillet sizes. You must be able to
see what needs machined. Normally this method is not suitable for a core. On the plus
side, there is no need for tooling, it‘s fast, any sand with or without additive can be
used, and large molds normally are cheaper than printed sand.
In conventional tooling, draft is needed. The more complexity or tooling needed, the
longer the lead times will be, but any sand—with or without an additive—can be used
and it may be the most economical route depending on complexity, quantity and size.
3-D printed sand carries the need to be able to remove unbound sand, and consumables
are limited. But no draft is needed, you are able to combine multiple cores into a single
core and print complex geometry, and lead times are short.
—Rittmeyer
The tips shared in this article were taken from presentations given at the AFS Additive
Manufacturing for Metal Casting Conference held October 3-6, 2016, in Novi, Michigan.
A functional machined casting for a rear housing in a dual clutch transmission was produced in three weeks using 3-D
printed sand technology. This enabled the customer to evaluate several designs quickly and achieve short time-to-
market.
BULETIN - APLINDO No.51/2017
20
The challenges for energy efficient casting processes
KonstantinosSalonitis*, BinxuZeng, Hamid Ahmad Mehrabi, Mark Jolly Manufacturing Department, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK
Abstract
Casting is one of the oldest, most challenging and energy intensive manufacturing
processes. A typical modern casting process contains six different stages, which are
classified as melting, alloying, moulding, pouring, solidification and finishing
respectively. At each stage, high level and precision of process control is required. The
energy efficiency of casting process can be improved by using novel alterations, such as
the Constrained Rapid Induction Melting Single Shot Up-casting process. Within the
present study the energy consumption of casting processes is analyzed and areas were
great savings can be achieved are discussed. Lean thinking is used to identify waste and
to analyse the energy saving potential for casting industry.
1. Introduction
Energy saving and reducing emissions are primary goals of all countries around the
world. Increase in world population and scarcity of energy resources and dramatic
increase in pollution have lead towards energy saving by more efficient use of fuels
such as coal, oil, gas and where possible use of renewable energies.
Energy consumption by different sectors has been investigated thoroughly and reported
in numerous reports [1]. Indicatively, manufacturing accounts for 32% of the total
energy consumption [2]. According to the Climate Change Agreement published by UK
Government [3], the foundries sector in the UK needs to attain an energy burden target
of 25.7 GJ/tonne. However, the average energy burden for the UK foundry sector is 55
GJ/tonne. Therefore saving energy in foundries by increasing efficiency in production
line can help to save millions of pounds for manufacturing sector and reduce emission.
Casting is one of the oldest metal forming processes, relying in pouring the melt metal
into a desired shaped mould and wait until it solidifies. It is often used to manufacture
complex parts, which are too expensive or time consuming to produce by other
methods. However, casting probably is one of the mostchallenging manufacturing
process. It is a highly technical engineering process requiring deep scientific
understanding. A typical modern casting process contains six different stages, namely
melting, alloying, moulding, pouring, solidification and finishing respectively. At each
stage, high level and precision of process control is required. Casting process also is one
of the most energy intensive manufacturing processes. The metal melting consumes
over half of the energy in a casting process. Therefore, the expenses on the casting
process has been a significant concern due to the rising of the energy prices.
© 2016 The Authors. Published by ElsevierB..V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (Peerhttp://creativecommons-reviewunderresponsibi.org/licenses/bytyoftheInter-nc-nd/4ational.0/). Scientific Committee of the 13th Global Conference on Sustainable Manufacturing. Peer-review under responsibility of the International Scientific Committee of the 13th Global Conference on Sustainable
Manufacturing Keywords: Energy efficiency; casting; Value Stream Mapping
BULETIN - APLINDO No.51/2017
21
2. Potentials for energy savings
The energy intensity of a process has a positive relation with the share of the energy
cost in the total variable costs and of the value of the product [4]. The more energy
intense a process is, the greater the cost of the process. As a result of these pressures,
industrial energy saving is becoming increasingly important from the aspect of the
economy. A number of research studies have been carried out for identifying
opportunities for energy saving. Generally, energy saving can be achieved through
several techniques and methods. In a number of studies, the authors have employed
energy audits for coming up with suggestions for energy savings. Energy audits have
been usedin a number of different sectors, indicatively Klugman et al. performed an
energy audit at a chemical wood pulp mill in Sweden [5] and came up with suggestions
such as updating existing equipment to reduce energy consumption by 50%. Salonitis
proposed an energy audit strategy for identifying the energy consumption of the various
components of a manufacturing process [6].
However, audit methods only provide theoretical figures about energy saving and often
simply suggest major equipment updates. This kind of energy efficiency management
often requires significant capital investment on new equipment. Comparing energy
saving and capital investment, Anderson pointed out that plants are 40% more
responsive to initial cost rather than annual saving [7]. With regards to new equipment
and the adoption of new technology for long-term savings, organisations prefer projects
with shorter payback times, lowercosts and greater annual saving. Therefore, it is not
surprising that Thollander‘s research indicates that about half of thefoundries in Sweden
lack a long-term energy strategy and only about 25% may be categorised as having a
successful energy management practice [8].
There are several barriers that prevent a company from becoming energy efficient
[2],[8]. The main barriers identified are technical risks, such as the
risk/cost/hassle/inconvenience of production disruptions, inappropriate technology for
the operation, lack of time and priorities, lack of access to capital and slim organisation.
In particular, for SME foundries, the lack of time, proper personnel and insufficient
resources are the largest barriers to energy efficiency [9].
Instead of direct energy saving through big investments in new technology and
equipment, a lean philosophy can be introduced to eliminate waste, improve quality and
eventually, achieve the goal of energy saving. The concept behind lean manufacturing is
simple; it is to spot and eliminate waste in aproduction process rather than inspect and
repair afterwards. In the lean philosophy, the word ‗waste‘ can be rathercomplicated. It
can represent a machine breakdown, product defects and physical waste during the
production process. Most importantly, it represents those resources or processes that do
not create products or services directly. By implementing lean tools such as Just in Time
(JIT), cellular manufacturing, value stream mapping (VSM), waste caused by machine
breakdowns, product defects, physical waste and non-value added processes could be
reduced or eliminated. The consequence of such an implementation reduces the
production resource requirements, costs and lead-time, while increasing the product
quality, customer responsiveness and boosting competitiveness. However, lean tools are
implemented less in continuous manufacturing sectors such as the foundry sector. This
is because of the large stocks of input raw materials and the long setup times that are
required and the general difficulty in producing small batches [10], [11], Abdulmalek
BULETIN - APLINDO No.51/2017
22
and Rajgopal undertook research on the steel foundry and investigated which lean tools
could be implemented [10]. The summary of his work is shown in Table 1.
Table 1.Assessment of applicability of lean tools in the steel industry
Lean tool Applicability
Cellular manufacturing
5S Setup reduction Value stream mapping (VSM) Just in Time
Production leveling Total productive maintenance Visual system
Probably inapplicable
Partially applicable Universally applicable Universally applicable Partially applicable
Partially applicable Partially applicable Universally applicable
Few studies have been reported on the use of lean techniques for foundries.
Indicatively, Girishi et al. utilized VSM for the entire production flow of the casting
process and identified the waste during each operational step [12]. It was discovered
that with minimum interventions, the foundry could reduce waste by 23%, which
corresponds to significant energy savings. Kukla proved that the implementation of Total
Productive Maintenance in a casting industry will allow for efficient management of
machinery and increase its effectiveness, resulting in improved production flow and
lower production costs [13]. However, even fewer studies attempt to link the elimination
of waste with the practice of energy saving in casting industry. Therefore, this work
uses lean thinking to identify waste and to analyse the energy saving potential for
casting industry.
3. Methods for saving energy
By adopting concepts such as VSM, the entire operation of the casting process can be
investigated. Energy savings can be achieved in two ways: direct savings through lower
fuel consumption and indirect savings through lower material consumption. Therefore,
for energy savings in the foundry; less fuel and less material should be used for
producing a certain quantity of sound products. To accomplish this, an understanding of
the flows of energy and materials in the casting process is required. Figure 1 presents
the process flow for conventional casting. This can be divided into six sub-processes:
melting, refining, holding, fettling, machining and inspection. The melting, refining and
holding activities consume most of the energy involved in casting (at least 60%); thus,
the direct energy savings should be achieved in this step. Fettling, machining, and scrap
contain at least 70% metal by weight of the total melting [14]; thus, the indirect saving
should come from these three processes.
4. Quantifying potential savings: direct savings
4.1. Savings through preheating the metal and loading
The first step of the melting process is the preheating of the metal. There are several
advantages related to preheating: it can remove moisture and other organics, which
helps preventing explosion in the furnace; it can increase the melting capacity of the
furnace; and it can reduce the energy required for melting. Especially for aluminium
alloy, preheating can inhibit slag formation when the hot aluminium comes into contact
with moisture [15].
Nowadays, foundries often use hot flue gases from the melting furnace to preheat the
metal. Mefferta investigated how much energy could be saved by preheating in the iron
BULETIN - APLINDO No.51/2017
23
foundry sector [16]. Using recovered exhaust gases should be seen as the primary
method of reheating. However, loading or transferring the preheated metal may cause
the loss of vast amounts of heat through convection and radiation.
Fig. 1. Material and energy flow chart of a conventional sand casting process
Therefore, reducing the energy lost during transportation can retain significant amounts
of energy and reduce the energy required by melting. To achieve this efficiently, the
pre-heating and melting operations should be close to each other and a lean tool such
as 5S could be employed (tidy up work floor to reduce the time of movement).
4.2. Savings through melting
The melting of the metal phase consumes 30% of the energy of the casting process.
Thus, saving energy through the melting operation logically becomes a primary consideration. When considering energy saving via the melting operation, the efficiency
of the furnace is of paramountimportance. If the efficiency of the furnace increases, the energy consumed per unit mass of metal reduces.
Table 2 presents several popular furnace types used in the aluminium foundry industry.
Clearly, the induction furnace is the most efficient melting method compared with the
other two furnace types. However, 60% of the energy currently used in melting is
provided by natural gas and only 27% of the melting is provided by electricity [17].
Table 2.Capacity, fuel type and energy efficiency of different furnaces [17].
Melt capacity
Fuel Type Efficiency
Crucible Furnace
Several kg to tone
Natural gas/coal/oil
7 - 19%
Reverberatory Furnace
1 t to 75,000 t
Natural gas/coal/oil
20 – 25%
Induction Furnace
Severalkg to 30 t
Induction 85 – 97%
BULETIN - APLINDO No.51/2017
24
Therefore, this raises another debate between energy saving and cost saving. Using a
gas-fired furnace can save money but the quality of the melt is poor. The quality of the
melting influences the subsequent sub-processes. Hydrogen content is normally higher
in gas-fired furnaces owing to the moisture-rich exhaust gases. Removing hydrogen is
essential because it causes serious damage later on. Therefore, compared with material
melted by using electrical means, using gas requires additional treatment in degassing.
Therefore, although less money are spend during the melting, the process requires
additional expense during degassing.
Irrespective of the purpose for cost or energy savings, some recommendations are
introduced for the improvement of energy efficiency.
1. Improving the air compressor that controls the fuel-fired furnace [16]. Oxygen
enrichment can lead to higher heat transfer rates and thus, reduce melting times. In
turn, this would reduce the overall fuel consumption [17].
2. Reducing the frequency of metal charging [18]. This can reduce the metal loss and
the radiation heat loss. Metal loss refers to losses through oxidation when in contact
with air. Radiation loss refers to heat losses when the furnace lid or door is opened
[17].
3. When considering lean manufacturing, it is recommended to use high-quality raw
material. Using high-quality raw material may increase the initial cost. However, in
return, it can reduce overall metal losses through oxidation and drossing. Lowering
the metal loss requires less energy and metal to compensate.
4. Providing training for the furnace operators. It has already
been shown that operator performance can influence energy usage by as much as
10%.
Further to increasing energy efficiency, there is also an alternative ways for engineering
energy savings. For example other strands of lean manufacturing can be used such as
the use of correctly sized equipment to produce the desired amount of products. For the
aluminium sector, it is recommended to use the correct size and a rapid-melting coreless
induction furnace for the melting. The advantages of such a furnace can be summarized
into:
1. High-efficiency furnace saves energy during melting 2. Cleaner energy leads to cleaner metal, lower hydrogen content and less need for
other treatments
3. The correct size furnace can ensure no waste during casting; it can smooth the casting process and no residual liquid needs to be held
Fast melting reduces the chance of oxidation; thus, reducing the need for additional
metal to compensate the metal loss
4.3. Savings through treating and refining molten metal
Following the melting operation, the molten metal usually includes impurities, such as oxides and slag and undesired gas content such as hydrogen. As a result, degassing and
flotation are necessary requirements. Normally, the hydrogen in aluminium comes from the decomposition of water vapour. Following the reaction, hydrogen gas dissociates
BULETIN - APLINDO No.51/2017
25
and forms hydrogen atoms, which diffuse into the melt 0. As thealuminium solidifies, the
dissolved hydrogen escapes from the melt to form undesirable porosity, unfurl DOFs, or even form cracks.Therefore, reducing the hydrogen content is essential during the degassing operation. Nowadays, the technology used for degassing is purging with an
inert gas via a rapidly rotating nozzle 0. This technology is based on the equilibrium relationship between the hydrogen in the melt and the hydrogen in the atmosphere. By
injecting the inert gas, the molten metal is put under an inert atmosphere. To maintain the balance, hydrogen needs to transfer into the inert gas bubble and diffuse to the surface of the melt. As the purging of the melt by the inert gas continues, the hydrogen
content gradually drops to the required level. According to literature [14], the metal loss during the treating and refining operations can be as high as 5% in terms of mass.
Assuming a melt of 1 tonne of aluminium uses 2.2 GJ of energy. The loss of 5% of the metal requires an additional 0.11 GJ of energy to melt. Energy is also consumed by the degassing unit; the rotating motor, the inert gassing and the flux pumping all require
energy. A mid-range degassing unit is usually powered by a 3.5 KW motor for period of 15 minutes. Therefore, the energy consumed is 3.15 MJ. Furthermore, the embedded energy required to compress the inert gas into the container also needs to be
considered. Assuming the purging rate of the inert gas is 20 L†min-1, which gives 300 L of gas in total, the embedded energy of the inert gas would be about 0.5 MJ [14].
Combined with the consumption by the motor, the total energy consumption could be 3.65 MJ.
In order to save energy through refining and treating, the quality of the raw metal is
very important. It not only reduces metal loss during refining but also reduces the
frequency of refining. In addition, there are the corresponding savings of inert gas and
electricity to be considered as well.
4.4. Savings through holding
Holding is another significant consumer of energy in the casting process, demanding
another 30% of the energy of the casting production. The purpose of holding is to
maintain a continuous supply of liquid for casting with constant composition and quality
[17].
Owing to its characteristics, the holding furnace can operate as long as a working shift
(8 hours). In most non-ferrous foundries, the holding process requires more energy
than the melting process does. Reducing the holding time is one of the most efficient
ways for energy saving. To achieve this, a smooth and continuous production plan is
essential. Lean tools, such as TPM, VSM, productionlevelling and planning can be used
to assess the holding time reduction.
5. Quantifying potential savings: indirect savings
5.1. Savings through operational material efficiency improvement
Operational material efficiency (OME) is the ratio between the good casting shipped to
customer and the total metal melted [14]. Improving the true yield is probably the
simplest way in which foundries can save energy, because this method focuses on
increasing good casting production and reducing the totalmetal melted. It deals mainly
with the production process itself, seeking opportunities to save material. It has less
relation with the performance of the production equipment. To be able to understand
the true yield of the casting process, the entire casting operation needs to be analysed.
BULETIN - APLINDO No.51/2017
26
Using a traditional sand casting as an example, the casting process is analysed briefly in
the following.
Aluminium is a highly reactive material. In particular, when it is liquefied at high
temperature, it can react with air, moisture, the furnace lining and other metals. The
metal loss during the melting process is due mainly to this characteristic. As discussed
before, a casting process can be divided into seven sub-processes: melting, holding,
refining, pouring, fettling, machining and inspection. Apart from pouring, six out of
seven have a direct relation with metal loss, table 3.
Table 3.General metal loss during each operation. Data based on general /
automotive sand casting production [14].
Melti
ng
Hold
ing
Refi
ning
Fett
ling
Machin
ing
Inspec
tion
Metal
loss
2% 2% 5% 50
%
25% 20%
Figure 2 presents the metal flow during conventional sand casting process. By
assuming 1 kg of metal is melted, then after the different stages of the operation, the
final casting dispatched to customer only weighs about 0.27 kg. Therefore, the
operational material efficiency of this casting process is about 27%. For conventional
casting, 1 Kg of good casting requires 3.7 Kg of raw materials. Therefore, if the true
yield of the casting can be improved, less metal will be required to produce the casting
and the energy consumption for the melting could be reduced.
Fig. 2.Metal flow in the foundry.
Opportunities to improve the true yield require that the metal loss during each
operation must be reduced. Starting with the melting operation, 2% of the metal loss is
mainly due to the oxidation of the aluminium at the surface of the melt. Thus, keeping
the melt away from contact with air can reduce the level of oxidation. Normally, this
can be done by keeping the lid of the furnace shut and reducing the metal charge time.
Secondly, the holding process also contributes 2% of the loss, which can also be
attributed to oxidation (long term exposure). Therefore, reducing the holding time can
reduce the metal loss. Thirdly, the refining / cleaning operation contributes 5% of the
metal loss. The loss at this stage of the operation is due mainly to oxidation, hydrogen
degassing and impurities. The rate of the loss depends on the cleanliness of the raw
material. Thus, good quality raw material is essential.
BULETIN - APLINDO No.51/2017
27
After pouring, solidification and shakeout, the casting system is sent to the fettling
operation. Fettling is used to separate the casting and its running system. Generally,
the casting itself is only about 50% by weight of the entire casting system. Therefore
atleast half of the metal is chopped off and scrapped. This is the principal cause of
metal loss during the casting process.
For foundries producing aerospace castings, the metal loss during fettling can be as high
as 90% owing to the strict quality regulations [14]. Thus, reducing the weight of the
running systemcan reduce the metal loss in fettling. The concept of a good casting
running system will be introduced later.
The fifth cause of losses relates to machining. This process transforms the casting into
its final shape. It involves grinding, drilling, boring, turning, polishing and any other
necessary operations. The metal loss during this stage of the operation is mainly in the
form of fine scrap. If the casting can be produced closer to net shape, then the need for
machining operations can be reduced. The final type of loss is that of castings that fail
the inspection process. Defects such as a poor tolerance, poor surface finish, inclusions
and porosity lead to rejection during the inspection. To reduce the level of rejections,
the processes of melting, alloying and refining and the design of the running system are
very important.
The losses in first three steps are permanent losses, which cannot be easily recovered
or reused. They can only be reduced by the methods mentioned. The last three types of
loss are assigned as internal scrap. Energy has been used to make and melt this metal
and because these losses can contribute up to 90% of the metal loss in the casting
process, energy savings must be achieved by reducing such losses during the casting
process.
5.2. Savings through using numerical simulation
Starting from the product design, the behaviour of the fluid inside the casting running
system and the performance of the feeder during solidification can be predicted by
using a numerical simulation package. This allows foundry engineers to develop sound
products without doing physical experiments of trial and error. This can help at both
initial production and during long runs when an energy saving method is being sought.
5.3. Savings through plant management
A typical foundry consumes 14% of its energy on air compression, which costs even
more money than melting or holding (Figure 3). There are many reasons for using
compressed air in a foundry; the most important is for combustion. Generally,
compressed air can provide more oxygen for combustion. Efficient burning of fuels can
provide a hotter flame temperature, which gives a higher heat transfer rate and reduces
the time required for melting [17]. Furthermore, it not only reduces the heat loss during
combustion but also reduces the environmental impact. Again, there are always two
sides to everything. Compressedair helps reducing the fuel consumption during
combustion but it consumes significant quantities of electricity. Therefore, ensuring that
there is no excess air in the burner will help greatly in reducing the need for compressed
air. Furthermore, using the correct size of compressor and routine maintenance can also
save energy. Ultimately, using an induction furnacewill eliminate the requirement for
compressed air and lean tool such as TPM can be extremely helpful for this purpose.
BULETIN - APLINDO No.51/2017
28
Tool Heating,
3%Misc, 8%
Air compression, 14 %
Plant actuation
15%Holding
30%
Melting, 30%
Tool Heating
1%
Misc6%
Air compressi
on26%
Plant actustion
27%
Holding22%
Melting18%
Fig. 3. (a) Typical energy use and (b) typical energy cost in a foundry.
6. Saving energy through CRIMPSON process
Constrained Rapid Induction Melting Single Shot Up-casting (CRIMSON), was developed
recently [14] for improving the energy efficiency of a casting process. The process uses
a rapid induction furnace to melt just enough metal for one single casting; then transfer
the molten charge to a computer controlled counter gravity casting platform. The highly
controlled metal flow is pushed into the mould to finish the pouring and solidification.
Such process reduces the defect generation and energy consumption by rapid melting,
minimum holding and smooth filling of the mould.
Table 4. Summary of energy loss and opportunities for energy saving during each operation
Energy loss reason Saving method Saving type
Melting 1. Inefficient melting 2. Permanent metal loss
1. Correct stze of furnace 2. Rapid melting 3. Keep melk away from air
Direct/ Indirect
Refining Permanent metal loss 1. Using high quality charging metal
2. Clearing melting
Indirect
Holding 1. Long term holding 2. Permanent metal loss
Reducing the holding time Direct/ Indirect
Fettling Low casting yield Increasing the casting yield Indirect Machining Rough shape of casting Making net shape casting Indirect Inspection Defects such as inclusion, poor
surface finish, porosity 1. High quality melting 2. Good running system
Indirect
Direct and indirect methods of saving energy during the casting process have been
introduced. At the starting point of the casting process, using the correct size of rapid
induction furnace with matched billet size for high subsection not only saves energy
during melting but can also reduce metal loss as well; both direct and indirect savings
can be achieved. Refining is the second step in the casting process and savings during
this stage rely mainly on loss reductions. This requires good quality charging materials
and clean melting. Savings during the holding process can be achieved both directly and
indirectly. Reducing the time of the holding can reduce energy consumption and metal
loss. Savings achieved during the fettling, machining and inspection stages of the
process are all indirect savings. All of these processes achieve savings by increasing the
casting yield. Simulation methods can be used to achieve casting yield improvements.
Therefore, a good runningsystem with high casting yield not only guarantees the quality
of the casting but also saves energy.
Based on these concepts, the CRIMSON casting process combines direct and indirect
saving methods; thus, achieving energy savings in a more efficient way. The energy and
material flow diagram of the CRIMSON process is shown in figure 4.
BULETIN - APLINDO No.51/2017
29
Fig. 4. Material and energy flow chart of the CRIMSON casting process
Instead of using cheap bulk metal, the CRIMSON process uses pre-alloyed high-quality
metal for the casting process. Moreover, the CRIMSON casting process uses a rapid
induction furnace to melt just enough metal for a single casting. The time for melting is
normally under 10 minutes, which reduces significantly the chance of the oxidation and
hydrogen absorption. Therefore, the refining stage of the operation is no longer
necessary. Because of the single melting, the melt can be transfer to the pouring
operation immediately; thus, the holding operation can be also removed from the
casting process. Considering that the holding process can consume up to 30% of the
casting energy, eliminating this stage can plug a significant drain of energy
consumption. Owing to the new filling feature of the CRIMSON process, the liquid metal
is pushed into the casting system through a bottom gate. This up-casting method
redefines the casting running system and the pouring basin and down-sprue are no
longer required. Because of the new running system, less metal is fed into the running
system and thus, the casting yield increases.
With regard to quality, the up-casting process provides a turbulence-free filling, which
means that defects, such as air entrapment and DOF formation can be minimised. The
quality of the casting can be improved to a new level and fewer rejections reduce the
energy consumed by re-working.
7. Conclusions
In the present paper the challenges for optimizing the casting processes with regards
their energy efficiency were discussed. CRIMSON process as an alternative was
presented, and shown that it has advantages compared to conventional sand
castingprocess. It can result in better casting quality due to great filling rate control; it
saves energy through holding free casting production and high OME; under the
CRIMSON capacity, it has higher productivity compared with the conventional sand
BULETIN - APLINDO No.51/2017
30
casting process; most importantly, it costs less to produce same casting products
compared with the conventional sand casting process. The next steps of the present
work will be on melting various ferrous and non-ferrous alloys by CRIMSON, to be able
to use this method for mass production.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge the UK EPSRC Small is Beautiful (EP/M013863/1)
project for the support of this work. All data is provided in full in this paper.
References
[1] IEA 2007. Tracking Industrial Energy Efficiency and CO2 emission.
[2] Salonitis K, Ball P. Energy Efficient Manufacturing from Machine Toolsto Manufacturing Systems. Procedia CIRP 2013;7:634-639
[3] Department of Energy & Climate Change, 2011
[4] Subrahmanya MHB. Energy intensity and economic performance insmall scale bricks and foundry clusters in India: does energy intensitymatter? Energy Policy 2006;34/4:489-497
[5] Klugman S, Karlsson M, Moshfegh B. A Scandinavian chemical woodpulp mill. Part 1.
Energy audit aiming at efficiency measures. AppliedEnergy 2007;84/3:326-339 [6] Salonitis K. Energy efficiency assessment of grinding strategy. Int JEnergy Sect Manage
2015;9:20-37
[7] Anderson ST, Newell RG. Information programs for technologyadoption: the case of energy-efficiency audits. Resource and EnergyEconomics 2004;26:27-50.
[8] Thollander P, Ottosson M. Energy management practices in Swedishenergy- intensive industries. Journal of Cleaner Production 2010;18/12:1125-1133.
[9] Trianni A, Cagno E, Thollander P, Backlund S. Barriers to industrial
energy efficiency in foundries: a European comparison. Journal ofCleaner Production 2013; 40:161–176
[10] Abdulmalek FA, Rajgopal J. Analyzing the benefits of leanmanufacturing and value stream
mapping via simulation: A processsector case study. International Journal of Production Economics 2007;107/1:223-236.
[11] Besta P, Stoch M, Haverland J. Lean manufacturing concept in metallurgical industry,
Metal 2011 [12] Girish CP, Naik GR, Naik PG. Application Of Process Activity Mapping For Waste Reduction
A Case Study In Foundry Industry. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research
2012;2/5:3482-3496.
[13] Kukla S. Maintenance system improvement in cast iron foundry. Archives of Foundry
Engineering 2011; 11/3:185-188.
[14] Zeng B, Jolly M, Salonitis K. Manufacturing cost modelling of castingsproduced with
CRIMSON process. TMS Annual Meeting 2014, pp.201-208
[15] Dalquist S, Gutowski T. Life cycle analysis of conventionalmanufacturing techniques: sand
casting. ASME InternationalMechanical Engineering Congress and RD&D Exposition,
Anaheim, California, USA, 2004
[16] Meffert WA. Energy Assessments in Iron Foundries. EnergyEngineering 1999;96/4:6-
18.BCS Incorporated (2005), Advance Melting Technologies: Energy Saving concepts and
Opportunities for the Metal Casting Industry, Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable
Energy
[17] Smithells CJ. Smithells Metals Reference Book, 5th ed, Butterworth– Heinemann, London
and Boston, 1976
[18] Chan DY, Yang K, Hsu C, Chien M, Hong G. Current situation of energy conservation in
high energy consuming industries in Taiwan. Energy Policy 2007;35/1:202-209.
BULETIN - APLINDO No.51/2017
31
Data Kendaraan Bermotor
1. Data Kendaran Roda 4
a. Penjualan Kendaraan roda 4 (unit) tahun 2012-2017 di Indonesia
No. Bulan Penjualan (Unit)
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
1 Januari 96.718 103.609 94.194 85.002 86.253
2 Februari 103.278 111.824 88.740 88.208 94.791
3 Maret 95.996 113.067 99.410 94.092
4 April 102.257 106.124 81.600 84.770
5 Mei 99.697 96.872 79.375 88.567
6 Juni 104.268 110.614 82.172 91.488
7 Juli 112.178 91.334 55.615 61.891
8 Agustus 77.964 96.652 90.537 96.282
9 September 115.974 102.572 93.038 92.541
10 Oktober 112.039 105.222 88.408 92.106
11 Nopember 111841 91.327 86.937 100.215
12 Desember 97.691 78.802 73.264 86.573
Total 1.229.901 1.208.019 1.013.290 1.061.735 Sumber :Gaikindo
b. Produksi Kendaraan roda 4 (unit) tahun 2012-2017 di Indonesia
No. Bulan Produksi (Unit)
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
1 Januari 97.793 104.728 99.102 91.068 99.877
2 Februari 100.491 112.501 93.113 91.535 108.009
3 Maret 89.073 123.007 108.066 102.507
4 April 101.805 121.114 97.676 104.412
5 Mei 99.661 94.353 89.579 105.957
6 Juni 97.939 117.309 91.807 106.012
7 Juli 106.519 93.613 59.225 68.357
8 Agustus 77.354 105.259 103.567 105.580
9 September 116.974 119.346 104.702 101.371
10 Oktober 115.533 116.654 95.731 104.130
11 Nopember 110.570 102.423 88.493 107.719
12 Desember 94.499 88.216 67.719 88.741
Total 1.208.211 1.298.523 1.098.780 1.177.389
BULETIN - APLINDO No.51/2017
32
a. Penjualan Kendaraan roda 4 (unit) tahun 2012-2017 di ASEAN
No. Bulan
Penjualan (Unit)
2013
2014
2015
2016
Jan-Feb 2017
1 Brunai 18.642 18.114 14.406 13.248 1,802
2 Indonesia 1.229.901 1.208.019 1.013.291 1.061.735 181,044
3 Malaysia 655.793 666.465 666.674 580.124 87,122
4 Philipina 181.738 234.747 288.609 359.572 57,465
5 Singapura 34.111 47.443 78.609 110.455 16,386
6 Thailand 1.330.672 881.832 799.632 768.788 125,689
7 Vietnam 98.649 133.588 209.267 270.820 36,769
Total 3.549.506 3.190.208 3.070.488 3.164.742 506,277
sumber :AAF
b. Produksi Kendaraan roda 4 (unit) tahun 2012-2017 di ASEAN
No. Bulan
Produksi (Unit)
2013
2014
2015
2016
Jan-Feb 2017
1 Indonesia 1.208.211 1.298.523 1.098.780 1.177.389 207,886
2 Malaysia 601.407 596.418 614.664 545.253 88,659
3 Philipina 79.169 88.845 98.768 116.868 22,651
4 Thailand 2.457.057 1.880.007 1.913.002 1.944.417 306,757
5 Vietnam 93.630 121.084 171.753 236.161 27,802
Total 4.439.474 3.984.877 3.896.967 4.020.088 653,755
sumber :AAF
2. Data Kendaraan Roda 2 / Sepeda Motor
a. Penjualan sepeda motor 2012-2017 Di Indonesia
No. Bulan Penjualan (Unit)
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
1 Januari 649.983 580.288 513.816 443.449 473.879 2 Februari 653.357 681.267 570.524 551.930 453.763 3 Maret 657.483 728.820 562.185 583.339 4 April 660.505 729.279 538.746 501.564 5 Mei 647.215 734.030 482.691 485.170 6 Juni 661.282 753.789 588.675 541.428 7 Juli 704.019 539.171 439.245 326.390 8 Agustus 490.824 599.250 645.997 550.287 9 September 678.139 706.938 632.227 579.454
10 Oktober 717.272 675.962 626.725 594.887 11 Nopember 688.527 592.635 565.066 570.923
12 Desember 552.408 556.586 542.487 486.529
Total 7.771.014 7.908.914 6.708.384 6.215.350 927.642
sumber : AISI Diolah
BULETIN - APLINDO No.51/2017
33
b. Penjualan sepeda motor 2012-2016 di ASEAN
No. Bulan Penjualan (Unit)
2013
2014
2015
2016
Jan-Feb 2017
1 Indonesia 7.141.586 7.771.014 7.908.014 6.215.350 927.642
2 Malaysia 537.753 546.719 442.749 396.343 71.291
3 Philipina 702.599 752.835 790.245 1.140.338 187.382
4 Singapura 9.923 11.650 8.145 8.336 1.403
5 Thailand 2.130.067 2.004.498 1.701.535 1.738.231 297.749
Total 10.521.928 11.086.716 10.851.615 9.498.598 1.485.467
sumber :AAF
c. Produksi sepeda motor 2012-2016 Di ASEAN
No. Bulan
Produksi (Unit)
2013
2014
2015
2016
Jan-Feb 2017
1 Indonesia 7.926.104 5.698.637 5.698.637 - -
2 Malaysia 439.907 382.218 382.218 395.938 70.708
3 Philipina 755.184 795.840 795.840 1.040.626 200.997
4 Thailand 1.842.708 1.807.325 1.807.325 1.820.358 326.922
Total 10.963.903 8.684.020 8.684.020 3.256.922 598.627
sumber :AAF
3. Populasi kendaraan tahun 2012 - 2016
No Keterangan Tahun
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
1
Mobil
Penumpang 9,656,773 10,540,936 11,561,123 12,420,802 13,167,639
2 Mobil Barang 4,419,330 5,156,362 5,570,987 5,909,127 6,218,438
3 Mobil Bus 967,325 1,962,921 1,979,877 1,998,127 2,016,572
4
Kendaraan
Khusus 177,762 297,656 307,228 323,590 603,721
Sub Total 15,221,190 17,957,875 19,419,186 19,428,603 22,006,370
5 Sepeda Motor 79,452,877 86,253,257 94,243,031 100,502,049 105,753,372
BULETIN - APLINDO No.51/2017
34
4. Populasi Kendaraan Bermotor Per Provinsi Di Indonesia 2016
No Polda
Kendaraan Bermotor
Mobil
Penumpang
Mobil
Bus
Mobil
Barang
Kendaraan
Khusus Jumlah
Sepeda
Motor
1 Aceh 161,022 22,993 69,773 1,061 254,849 2,090,378
2 Sumut 515,113 76,517 287,544 1,390 880,564 5,320,861
3 Sumbar 209,943 7,693 113,269 1,042 331,947 1,843,909
4 Riau 675,388 108,419 185,289 993 970,089 4,887,398
5 Kepri 145,597 3,081 48,216 597 197,491 1,204,701
6 Sumsel 1,003,462 42,768 535,640 1,374 1,583,244 7,096,445
7 Babel 54,722 8,692 708,287 526 772,227 856,259
8 Jambi 262,866 978,437 203,411 722 1,445,436 2,847,293
9 Bengkulu 102,726 2,378 60,280 354 165,738 956,420
10 Lampung 185,553 4,565 141,590 717 332,425 2,748,186
11 Metro Jaya 3,659,323 347,959 749,737 160,117 4,917,136 14,565,706
12 Jabar 1,349,093 163,675 562,161 1,840 2,076,769 8,614,462
13 Banten 161,295 3,956 59,885 837 225,973 2,469,845
14 Jateng 1,079,348 95,996 720,287 275,731 2,171,362 13,471,295
15 Diy 255,790 12,201 68,164 691 336,846 2,045,984
16 Jatim 1,294,824 22,619 513,428 131,490 1,962,361 13,345,336
17 Bali 139,355 9,903 144,656 612 294,526 3,253,526
18 Ntb 73,856 6,619 45,125 552 126,152 1,458,239
19 Ntt 21,527 2,507 22,720 324 47,078 449,489
20 Kaltim 180,768 14,865 175,873 1,836 373,342 2,179,897
21 Kalbar 85,963 4,811 65,649 1,437 157,860 2,099,761
22 Kalsel 126,554 1,331 72,799 946 201,630 1,654,774
23 Kalteng 489,579 1,957 162,827 13,690 668,053 2,690,784
24 Sulsel 330,588 25,953 158,850 1,456 516,847 3,104,091
25 Sultra 49,545 402 30,461 298 80,706 665,445
26 Sulut 320,313 14,513 163,347 967 499,140 1,587,499
27 Gorontalo 19,266 657 17,042 254 37,219 277,988
28 Sulteng 32,822 4,683 20,513 290 58,308 599,799
29 Maluku 34,292 21,105 32,011 344 87,752 291,914
30 Malut 4,236 110 3,433 39 7,818 107,009
31 Papua 132,427 5,083 68,414 1,132 207,056 883,105
32 Papua Barat 9,108 110 7,616 62 16,896 85,574
33
Sulawesi
Barat 1,375 14 141 - 1,530 -
13,167,639 2,016,572 6,218,438 603,721 22,006,370 105,753,372
BULETIN - APLINDO No.51/2017
35
Informasi Umum &Pameran
A. Web site Pemerintah yang dapat diakses :
1. www.setneg.go.id (Sekretariat Negara)
2. www.kemenperin.go.id (Kementerian Perindustrian)
3. www.kemenkeu.go.id (Kementerian Keuangan)
4. www.kemendag.go.id (Kementerian Perdagangan)
5. www.beacukai.go.id (Direktorat Bea & Cukai, Kementerian Keuangan)
6. www.esdm.go.id (Kementerian ESDM)
7. www.bkpm.go.id (Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal)
8. www.bps.go.id (Biro Pusat Statistik)
B. Web site Asosiasi Industri Pengecoran Logam Indonesia (APLINDO)
Kini APLINDO telahtersedia Web site sendiri:
www.aplindo.web.id, mohondukunganpartisipasiaktifBapak-
bapaksekaliandandiharapkan saran, masukan, permasalahandanperkembangan
yang terjadi di industripengecoranlogam di Indonesia. Saran
C. Web site Himpunan Ahli Pengecoran Logam Indonesia
Kini HAPLI telahtersedia Web-site sendiri:
http://hapli.wordpress.com/, mohondukunganpartisipasiaktifBapak-
bapaksekaliandandiharapkan saran sertamasukanandaberupaartikelsesuai page
yang tersediadalam format *.doc kealamaterwidodo@polman-
bandung.ac.iduntukdiupload, ataupunkomentarlangsungandapada Blog.
D. Pameran dan Seminar
1. IFEX 2017
3 February - 5 February
Venue: Eco Park, New Town, Rajarhat, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
13th international exhibition for foundry technology, equipment, supplies and services
www.ifexindia.com
2. 65th International Foundry Congress
BULETIN - APLINDO No.51/2017
36
3 February - 5 February
Venue: Eco Park, New Town, Rajarhat, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Annual conference and technical sessions
www.ifcindia.net
3. 6th International Foundry Conference and Exhibition
15 February - 16 February
Venue: Pearl Continental Hotel, Lahore, Pakistan
www.pfa.org.pk/info
4. WFO Technical Forum
14 March - 17 March
Venue: Gauteng, South Africa
Technical conference, exhibition and social events.
www.metalcastingconference.co.za
5. 20th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2017
21 March - 22 March
Venue: Shanghai Everbright International Hotel, China
Global sourcing conference including the 3rd China Casting Exporting and Technology
Conference 2017
www.foundry-suppliers.com
www. castings.foundry.cn
6. 121st Metalcasting Congress
25 April - 27 April
Venue: Wisconsin Center, Milwaukee, USA
American conference for all sectors of the cast metals industry.
www.afsinc.org
7. World Magnesium Conference
21 May - 23 May
Venue: Shangri-La Hotel, Singapore
International conference for the magnesium industry
www.intlmag.org
8. Metal + Metallurgy China 2017
13 June - 16 June
BULETIN - APLINDO No.51/2017
37
Venue: Shanghai, China
15th China International Foundry Expo, the 17th China International Metallurgical
Industry Expo and the 15th China International Industrial Furnaces Exhibition will all be
staged under the banner ''Metal + Metallurgy Chna at Shanghai New International
Expo Center.
www.mm-china.com/en/
9. Rapid Tech
20 June - 22 June
Venue: Exhibition Centre Erfurt, Germany International trade fair and conference for additive manufacturing www.rapidtech.de
10. Foundeq/Metef Show 2017
21 June - 24 June
Venue: Veronafiere Fairground, Verona, Italy
Metef - International aluminium exhibition. Foundeq - International foundry equipment
exhibition.
www.metef.com
11. Machine Tool Technology Indonesia 2017
8-11 Agustus 2017
Venue : JIExpo Kemayoran Jakarta
Accelerating industry development in Indonesia MTTI is an international event that focuses on advanced technologies in machine tools and metalworking, designed.
t: +(62) 21 7590 6812 / 7590 2647
f: +(62) 21 7590 1572
12. 57th International Foundry Forum
13 September - 15 September
Venue: Portoroz, Slovenia
International conference, table-top exhibition and social functions.
email: [email protected]
13. EMO Hannover 2017
18 September - 23 September
Venue: Hannover Exhibition Centre, Germany
International metalworking trade fair will focus on Industry 4.0 in 2017
BULETIN - APLINDO No.51/2017
38
www.emo-hannover.de
14. 17th ABIFA Foundry Congress and CONAF 2017
26 September - 29 September
Venue: Expo Center Norte, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Brazilian foundry congress with exhibition and conference. Theme - ''Innovations and
trends of the foundry industry in Brazil and the world''.
www.abifa.org.br
15. Deburring Expo
10 October - 12 October
Venue: Exhibition Centre Karlsruhe, Rheinstetten, Germany
Trade fair for debarring technology and precision surfaces
www.deburring-expo.de/en
16. PaintExpo Eurasia
12 October - 14 October
Venue: ifm Istanbul Expo Center, Istanbul, Turkey
Trade fair for industrial coating technology
www.paintexpo.com
17. parts2clean
24 October - 26 October
Venue: Exhibition Center Stuttgart, Germany
International trade fair for industrial parts and surface cleaning
www.parts2clean.com
18. Manufacturing Indonesia Series 2017 6-9 Desember 2017
JIExpoKemayoran Jakarta
