Upload
bandi-n-bharadwaj
View
232
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/14/2019 C 2 d 2007
1/13
-C- 2 d- 2007 - j
Ranjan: Hi, Harsha, what's new?
Harsha: Nothing ( )Ranjan: I called you the other day but you
walked off in a hurry. In fact I called
you till you were out of earshot.
( o V Eo -h,y y Rx-. N- x L-.)
Harsha: I didn't really hear you, I swear.
Nothing is a greater pleasure than
talking to you.
(F E NE. Fx C?)
Ranjan: I returned recently from Mumbai. There
I ran into our old friend and classmate
Charit. (Do) you remember him?
( -u j * AJ-a.\ - x , o J- --o. JF h ?)
Harsha: Of course I do. He is never off my
mind. Well, what about him?
(h-- -? E p Ja. Eo J*?)
Ranjan: He is very well off now. He is a big
business man of sorts.
(p - - -. u .)
(of sorts = -)
Harsha: So he is bet-ter off outside
the home
state. That's
good for him.
So long as he was here, he was quite
badly off, for all his talent.
( Z -o-o- . vA -j-p- \o E L .)
Ranjan: You can say that. He isn't without tal-
ent really. He is able to show that in
Mumbai. I think people are well off
once they get out of their homes.
(E . vA E--.o- j -- ----o . yZ * -
E --.)Harsha: So, when are you going to Mumbai
again?
( y Sx j pho?)
Ranjan: I am off as soon as my ticket is ready.
I think that'll take another weak.
( h. d a.)
Harsha: Have you booked your ticket?
(F -o?)Ranjan: No. Not yet. I had been to the station
this morning for reserving my ticket.
The power was off for nearly an hour.
Having no patience to wait any longer
I came away. I'm going tomorrow
again.
( . y l d xJy ---. -F - . * a.Sx h.)
Harsha: You don't seem to be in any hurry to
go back.
(AJT x-- --oxEp y.)
Ranjan: I am off the mood for work. I've a lot of
leave in credit. I want to be off work for
the whole period of leave.
(E - x. o. Vj--- E--- -EC.)
Harsha: That makes
me happy. We
can be togeth-
er for some
time.
English conversation aoff J* J-Eo N--.Look at the following expressions
from the conversation above:
1) I called you the other day but you
walked off.
2) He is never off my mind.
3) He is very well off now.
4) So he is better off outside the state.
5) I think people are well off when they get out
of their homes.
6) I am off as soon as my ticket is ready.
7) The power was off for nearly an hour.
8) I want to be off work for the whole period of
leave.
'off' Eoxpreposition . \J adverb, adjective Th.Just don't worry what part of speech a word is,
so long as you are able to use it correctly in
your speech. Correct use, that's important.
Study the following uses of 'off' now:
1) Walk off,run off,etc =
x, off n, away E. Rx- , J-- . (Rx- / L J-- E)a) They walked off without listening to her =
pC NE- x Rx-.b) He threw it off the window =
Eo * () N- .c) Look. Off he goes =
. Rx--o.d) Off you go. We don't
want you here any
more =
Get out. OJ\ -\x v.
N :a) They walked off with the victory/
the prize.
N/ A >\-o.b) The boy rang the bell, and as I
opened the door, he ran off =
v d. J-p-, J--.
c) They ran off towards the station =
} d j J--.3) be well off =
sX
be badly off = s - .a) You need not worry about Naresh. He's
made it good in business and is well off
now =
- J* y *A \. u- ja. s C*E- o.
b) The father is a happy man b
sons are all well off =
- o--x x o.
Well off X badly off -
-hC , badly off = a) Don't worry. Compared with t
Indian, you aren't badly off =
*. -B--y H--N .
b) We are badly off for investm
are unable to start business =
d d/ d u vG o
c) She isn't so badly off as not to
good dresse
* v .
4) So he is
outside t
Z E -C-o.
a) People are better off now t
because of technological prog
A G %Cl x p v J-nA (Jn)
b) The team is better off without
C.6) I'm off = R}-x
a) It's already late. I'm off =
p- u-iC. - R}b) The bird is off to unknown lan
L-E v - ~ (TJ)7) Power is off = Nu - .
Off work = E x- .j Fo conversation uNE . practice
Spoken English u -x --.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.ht
He is never ofHe is never of f my mindf my mind
v o:- i) "A true book is the life blood of a mat-ter's spirit''. D-E- -n-N-?
ii) When we use these phrases?
a) On the other hand.
b) As a matter of fact.
c) on the basis of.
>. , o-:i) A true/ great book is the life blood of a mas-
ter spirit - D correct form of the sentence.n E-i/p h tEv-i h.
ii) a) On the other hand - C on the onehand .., on the other (hand)- C Gv-/N-/ %p- u ,u ju L- . On the one hand they want to give
money, but on the other, they don't
want to give their money= sLyd, E --x s y d.
He did not help me, on the other hand he
spread lies about me =
-, - O-l v .
b) As a matter of fact =
o N-E h au/ h
L-T expression, nE . We have known each other for a long
time. As a matter of fact, we were class-
mates at college =
- -J-- -- .nE college classmates.
I've helped him. As a matter of fact I've
helped him even before he has asked for it
= . nE o -f.
c) On the basis of =
N ; Eo-d.
Don't act on the basis of what you have
heard from others. Wait till you know the
facts.
- p--Eo-d O--.h- -- .
On the basis of my experience I draw
conclusions. =o -Eo-d El-- h/ El- ---Eo-d .
v o:- C -u- d? -NJ.i) Whom I have to meet?
ii) We have to write the exam well.
iii) The property was sold before he want-
ed to buy it.
iv) He cannot help but accept defeat.
.\, o-: O-T--correct sentences:
i) Who have I to meet?
ii) Correct
iii) The property had
been sold before he
wanted to buy it. (ear-
lier past action)
iv) He cannot help
accepting defeat/
He cannot but acceptdefeat.
v o:i) All the students inour class passed the exam.
ii) All of the students in our clas
the exam.
-u- d? -NJ. Nflg,
-: Both the sentences are cofirst sentence as well as th
sentence means, Every one
dents in our class passed.
x--x-- 352
M.SURESAN
8/14/2019 C 2 d 2007
2/13
-C- 5 -d 2007 - j
Manogna: (Have you) heard this? Anjana got a
prize again.
(No? Anjana S} prize*aC)
Lochana: What is it this time for?
(J E?)Manogna: For her excellence in studies and
for her talent for public speaking.
(- --,h %y vA)
Lochana: She has won it for the third time in a
row, I think.
(prize
, - CJ -)Manogna: Our friends are all admiration for
Anjana. The one good thing about
her is, for all the talent she has, she
is quite modest.
(- - o-- a-o. *N N- vA o-p-, EJy)
Lochana: In the
beginning
she wasn't
for mincing
free by with
others. She
was a bit reserved. I mistook it for
her conceit. But as time went on she
opened out, and we now know her
for the good girl she is.
( -J L-N dC. h C. E, , -J L--C.p * x E)
Manogna: She is too bright for a girl her age,
and her background.
( o x, Jn* *axx E LN t )
Lochana: For now no one among us can be a
match for her in studies or in other
activities.
(vh--E - --F, N--x-F )
Manogna: Now for our business. When are westarting for Jamuna's?
( N-E-l. Rx---p ----o?)
Lochana: I'm afraid we can't start immediately.
We have to wait for some time.
( -- -o.-L)
Manogna: Wait? What for and who for?
( ? E-, J ?)
Lochana: My brother has gone out to get
some mangoes, and curds for our
lunch. We shall have lunch here and
then start.
( brother --E N x E x . \ .)
Manogna: I don't mind lunch here, but I'm afraid
mangoes and curds are not for me.
(\ u, F N x )
Lochana: Oh, that's
disappoint-
ing. Why
can't you eat
them?
( E- C. yA- N?)
Manogna: It's six months since the
doctor told me, "Look
Manogna, no curds and
mangoes for you". Since
then I've been avoiding
them.
Lochana: Oh, what a pity! What are you going
to eat then?
(-%d. AN?)Manogna: Just don't worry. I'll make do with
whatever you have.
( --. y dJd)
Our study of prepositions lesson 'for'- Eo --.Study the use of 'for' in the following sen-
tences from the conversation between
Manogna and Lochana:
1) What is it this time for?
2) for her excellence in studies and for her tal-
ent for public speaking.3) she has won it for the third time in a row.
4) Our friends are all admiration for her
5)for all the talent she has, she is quite modest.
6) I mistook it for her conceit
7) She is too bright for
a girl her age.
J L-N -sx'for' n: , .
a) We are wait ing for you= F
-E o.b) This book is for Ramesh and that
pen is for you = h (), - pen F (F)
c) I am here for some information =
- \ o.1. What is it this time for? = J
*aC (prize)? -E? ? v o- for .a) What did he get the prize for =
-*a-Eprize?b) He was punished for misbehaviour - vp-
h P~-f (vp- h xE P~ C)
c) They selected him for the job -
u-E EE .3) 'for' o-J E ,
E L- .a) She has got the prize for the first time this
year- q dJ prize *aC.
b) Our team has defeated them
time yesterday =
J team Eo }c) for ten years he suffered like a
x -f4) Admiration - G , a
hC.a) We all have great admiration
Kalam. l x C/ p G
b) Fans are people with great ad
their favourite actors =
J G xC. respectfor hC.c) We have great respe
teacher = teache .
d) Mistake for =
-She mistook him for his brothEo E brother E Don't mistake me for being ru
O x o-E 6) For all = in spite of (-p-)
a) for all his wealth he is not happy
/ o-p .
b) for all his sincerity, he could not
tion =
*h- Cl o-p-/ *h- Cl promotion --
7) Too bright for a girl her age =
- N* LN C a) He is too tall for a boy his age
E - N* -b) He dances too well for his we - o/ h ( p).
Spoken English u -x --.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.ht
I mistook it for her conceitI mistook it for her conceit
x--x-- 340
M.SURESAN
- v -o: SpokenEnglish -C* C linguisticdoubts Ba-E --N. Aspect ofEnglish verb Halliday's, An
Introduction to
Functional Grammar N- J-.- C J* .
. %g, j1. Take/ did take - past, 2. take, takes,
does take, do take- present, 3. will
take - future, 4. had taken - past in
past, 5. has taken - past in present, 6.
will have taken - past in future, 7. was
taking - present in past, 8. is taking -
present in present, 9. will be taking -
present in future, 10. was going to
take - future in past, 11. is going to
take - future in present, 12. will be
going to take - future in future, 13.
was going to have taken - past in
future in past, 14. is going to have
taken - past in future in present, 15.
will be going to have taken - past in
future in future, 16. had been taking -
present in past in past, 17. has been
taking - present in past in present, 18.
will have been taking - present in past
in future, 19. was going to be taking -
present in future in past, 20. is going
to be taking - present in future in pre-
sent, 21. will be gong to be taking -
present in future in future, 22. had
been going to take - future in past in
past, 23. has been going to take -
future in past in present, 24. will have
been going to take - future in past in
future, 25. had been going to have
taken- past in future in past in past,
26. has been going to have taken-
past in future in past in present, 27.
will have been going to be taken -
past in future in past in future, 28. was
going to have been taking - present in
past in future in past, 29. is going to
have been taking - present in past in
future in present, 30. will be going to
have been taken - present in past in
future in future, 31. had been going to
be taking - present in future in past in
past, 32. has been going to be taking
- present in future in past in future, 33.
will have been going to be taking -
present in future in past in future, 34.
had been going to have been taking -
present in past in future in past in
past, 35. has been going to have
been taking - present in past in future
in past in present, 36. will have been
going to have been taking - present in
past in future in past in future.
-:Take - takes h- *aforms, different tenses C*N. O forms
No.2 - Present indefinite/ Simple
tense (Regular doing words) - Nregular J - -,vh-: eg: take, takes - regular j -B/ -.
No.1 - C Past Simple/ Indefinite(Past doing word)- C J-TE hC He took the book yes-terday - Eo h Bo.
No.3 - Will take - future indefinite/
simple future J u --C. He will take the book tomor-row. B.
4. Had taken - had + past participle
(Past perfect) - two past actions
J-Tpast action (1st past
action ) --C.eg: He told me that he had taken
(had + pp) the book ( h Bo-E p) past - B, p, J (1st) past action -B, y p 1st pastaction - had taken (had + past partici-
ple) book *a- N past inthe past, past in present, past in
future, present in past, etc. OE d-- N confusing . u practice-LqC NN tenses verb
forms,N -sx C L-E the present, future in the
expressions con. O O take *a verb form E E O conve-sEo d .
u N: O forms form No. 13, 14, 121 to 35 --o ve conversationingF, , -\ N/ . forms pn communication, bC. E Jh Pratibha Spoken English
lessons on verb forms
. O question O-Lq verb forms- verb foNo. 1 to 11, No. 16 to 18, verb vA spokelessons .
8/14/2019 C 2 d 2007
3/13
- 7 -d 2007 - j
Yagnik: I am not at all surprised that he has left
the town for good. He has conned you
all into subscribing to his bogus
schemes.
(-- CL Sx AJ-T- J--- au . Nt-o-JF - - -i\x Jp* )con=Nt* / u-i schemes - -- - offer J _ s .conmen= -- /schemes s- - -u-xjxx, -x .con, conman- confidence trickster - Nt* ,He conned me into buying a useless
car =
(E-E d)
Hemanth: What do
you mean?
Did you
know about
him?
( yC? J* F?)
Yagnik: I have known him for the cheat he is,
all along. I had been warning all but no
one paid attention.
( o N -o< / . KoaJ-h o, F N-)
Hemanth: But you didn't warn me.
(F y o J)Yagnik: How could you expect me to take you
for a fool like all others? I have great
regard for your sound thinking.
(--x y ^ E ---o? y j ----- E t)
Hemanth: Now for making good what we'velost. What do you suggest that I do?
(. vh doC AJTa -*l. o -EF ?)
Yagnik: I'am afraid it wait be that easy to get
back what you've lost.
(y p-C AJT E ).
Hemanth: Yea. The Police say that no other
criminal on their records is a match
for this one. They haven't been able
to catch him so far.
(. Jf-\ n,O J--E --M -o. E d--)
Yagnik: It will take some time for us to think of
it all. The police are not easy to deal
with, though for better or for worse we
have to go to them.
(DEo J* *-E h - -C. -Mx u L .F -o x _--xLq.)
Hemanth: Now for our
lunch. Where shall we
eat?
( B?)
Yagnik: Let's go to Pushti
Restaurant. That's the place
for a good meal. Today is
sunday. They serve mango
juice and perugu vada as sunday
specials.
(-d d . C-. N , C-vu- fh--\.)
Hemanth: Oh, what a pity? Neither of them is
for me. I'm allergic to both mango
juice and perugu vada. My doctor
said long ago, 'No mango juice for
you, Hemanth'
(s, %-d . N . -Kb. - -d p p, , FN E.
Yagnik: Don't worry. I'll have yours too.
( --. FN B-)
Hemanth: Ok, then. Let's go.
( ) J-Q-L-ho preposition 'for' -
JEo --.Study the use of for
in the following
sentences.
1) He has left the town
for good.
2) I have known him for the cheat he
is, all along.
3) How could you expect me to take
you for a fool?
4) I have great regard for your sound
thinking.
5) Now for making good what we've
lost.
6) No other criminal is a match for this one.
1) for good = y(for good * )
a) He came here yesterday. He is here for
good.
Eo a\. \ -, p-.
b) They are yours for good.
N F o- / F a J-TC.c) Are you leaving for good?
y Sx? (o- AJ-T-h-o?)C conversational English frequent.
2) To know some one for some thing.
a) How can you expect her to marry him? She
knows him for the bad guy he is
f-
o Rx E -b) I know for what you are.
y, y- c) I know you for the liar you are.
y -l- E .3) take for = - / ---a) Sorry, I took you for your brother.
Sorry, Eo O brother -ob) What do you take me
look a fool to you?
o J* -- ^ ---c) Don't take him for a
man.
oO -u--.
4)Regard for =
o / ua) I have great regard for that teach - x / o.
b) People have no regard for him.
v- ~u .5) Now for = C-, vh--E.a) Now for the money we need. H
going to get it?
vh s N*l. a-o Eo
b) Now for a cup of good coffee.
vh * ?6) A match for = @ba) No one can be a match for Tendu
Tendulkar @b /
b) They are a match for each other match.
x Ax-- (J- Ad = slanging match) J-
Spoken English u -x --.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.ht
Now for a cup of good coffee
x--x-- 341
M.SURESAN
v- o:1) Jewel/er (n)= One
who sells Jewels;
uJ.(j u Lifco dictio-nary C) -j t- E - . NJ*C -d?
2) h- @ 60 N? @ h nN? format n -.
3) which\ is, was, in, to preposi-tionsh n hC? NJ.
: 1. Bad Debt- a bad debt which is irrecov-erable; under any circumstance is
called a bad debt- which C E.\'a bad' jAJT - -E --o. uEo -- - -C--
\ * vGL? (J Op - -* C-NTxstructure *J- * --dE.)
4) service tax is to be shown separately in theinvoice and is payble based on the payment
realised and not on the total amount shown
in the invoice. DEo - -Ca?('invoiceservice tax C -*-Lq C. payment --
O - C.invoice
h O . E - C.-d?)
. \, ---:1) One who sells Jewels- C u-
J, English C N (explana-tion)- N u E\C? C u . Clause. CCorrect ( t)
2) @ = at the rate of = the price of a unit (dozen . 100 h- , , litre ) h- / Eoh- p @
.I bought these mangoes @ Rs 100 per
dozen (At the rate of Rs 100 a dozen =
100 p E)Computer @ = at/- E WebsiteE. Computer ID -u Company Internet Company , @ . :[email protected] (pkrishna at
yahoo.com) (.com = dot com. dot = \)format = E design, plan, .The format of the application = application
.3) Which C, j... C n
o. Payment realised Payment-- E , -- LxE. \realise = --, E. u --* English - Cp -u Last * begin h. CEo- Eo sentences N -. -sEo d --a.
4) O - -C-* B correct v o: Is reading novels the rightway f
ing fluency in English? If it is, th
where I can get such novels
would also be appreciated.
. Dl--:
Read the novels of Jame
Chase -they are short and he
pick up highly conversationalquial forms of English. They
to get from lending libraries in
Read also English Chandam
the novels of John Grisha
Wallare, etc. Read an Eng
preferably the Hindu.
v o: ' p * f o uEo 'He ias he was bad'E p- a?
--: He is as good now, as he sometime ago.
8/14/2019 C 2 d 2007
4/13
9 -d 2007 j
Lochana: Hi Rachana, what's wrong? You do
look ill.
(- iC? h s Eh-o)
Rachana: It's the flavoured milk and the
chocolate drink I took yesterday.
(Eo Bo x f N-\, - -v x ?)
Lochana: What have they got to do with your
illness, dear?
( y - E ?)
Rachana: My Doctor long ago told me that
they were not for me. No essenced
drink or Chocolate for me. I am aller-
gic to them.
( d p pC. N E. qq, x F- E, N allergy.)
Allergy Eo -n, F-, - J-n, JK--y- --- , - xx )
Lochana: Then why
did you take
them at all?
(p
Bo?)Rachana: They have a great temptation to me.I like them so much. So, I said to
myself, "for all that I care, let me
have a go at them", and I took them.
And here I am, sneezing like hell
and with a running nose. My fond-
ness for them has landed me in
trouble.
(N o -J{-h. Ad . E Eo -o. ' i - -C. JE B-. E B-o. - , t, \.)To have a go at something =
j .I'd like to have a go at walking all
the way up the hill.
(J O-C *Rx (Bus / O )E C)
Lochana: I really pity you. For all the enjoy-
ment you had, you might just as
well have not bothered about them.
Why don't you see a doctor?
(E Eo h hC. yC Cl E, Ed -E LqC . d
--?)Rachana: She'll give me some anti allergic
medicine. That's no good. It has to
run its usual cense.
( -Jb -L-hC. E-. -Kb Lq , _C)
Lochana: For better or for worse you'd better
see her. You'll have some relief.
Medicine does make a difference.
(i, d _J x -*C. - - -C. - - -
p L- -C.)Make a difference = p-
Rachana: I'll for now, I'll try things like vicks
and boiled and strained pepper
water.
(h. vh--EVicks, NJ-
.)Boiled = J-T / J-T*; Strain = -)
Lochana: How long will it trouble
you?
(C -E-o -ox ChC)Rachana: At least for a week.
(F )Lochana: The bus is coming. Let's get into it.
( hC. \.)
For J-Eo -s lesson l. Study the use of for in the followingsentences from the conversation above.
1) My Doctor told me long ago that they were
not for me.
2) No essenced drink or Chocolate for me.
3) My fondness for them has landed me in
trouble.
4) For all that I care
5) For all the enjoyment you had, you might
just as well have not bothered about it.
6) For better or for worse you'd better see her.
1&2 ..... they were not for me - not for some-
body - expression .....not for me = EC
a) City life is not for me = City life is not suitable
for me / does not suit me =
@N b) He likes ice cream a lot, but the pity is that it
is not for him.
(v d. F -%-d C- E .)
c) This kind of job is not for her / Not for her is
this kind of Job =
u NyE / N J-.
(Not for him -
not begin h, effect \)
d) Not for me this kind of entertain-ment =
N .2. No mango juice for me / no, not
for me =
-N- - .3) Fondness for = d/-\
a) His fondness for Cricket is ruining his
studies.
(Cricket x E-o \ E - -hC.
b) Sugunas fondness for creams is costing her
a lot of money =
Creams x -o \ x a -C.
c) His fondness for jokes often lands him in
trouble =Jokes E-o d x u -\-o-.
4) For all that I care = - . ( d-, - interest , E)
a) For all I care, let him hang himself =
-E E, b) For all I care, You may waste all your
money =
F s % , ! (N-, Ex~u)
c) For all the officer cares, the clerks
the dogs =
-h -d?(Something / Somebody going to
( j / j - - )go to hell E ,
d) For all I care what does it mat
spends his money / He may
money as he likes =
s a?
5) For all the enjoymen
= y C
( E L , - )
a) For all that you got for the mone
as well not have spent it
y d s -, ! (s T vA E)
b) For all the pleasure I had wit
effort. I might as well have not tri
v- o C vo .
c) For all the distance covered a
expense by his car, he could ha
taken flight
= - a N- xa.
6) For better for worse =
ia) Let's go there, for better or for wi \l.(*j, -j /L--i)
b) For better or for worse, I've chos
and I will continue in it =
*j -j (j- ) F o. - ---.
c) For better or for worse. I am quit
= j, j (i) --o.
Spoken English u -x --.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.ht
No essenced drink or Chocolate for me
x--x-- 342
M.SURESAN
v o: Tx .a- Tenses
yArticles
step by step a-? N aF 50] -Tx x?English a----E * h-- p. . , q
---: O ' vA Spoken Englishlessons, No1 * - . p-xpractice .
u O English - *o *ostory books vG*,English Newspapers - .English
N. O p- hC.x.v o: unless, lest, torn off, counter fire OE
-Th u, n-.
. u , ---: 1) Unless he knows she is here, he
will not come =
a) He will come here only if he knows
she is here =
\ E L-h E-\h.unless = / p.
b) Unless you send the money you can't get the
books. You have to send the money to get
the books.
(You can get the books, if you send the
money.(Unless = / p)
c) Unless he has a degree, he cannot get the
job = He must have a degree to get the job.
2) lest = so that not = (j) -.
a) Start early lest you should miss (lest you
miss) the train = start early so that you may
not miss the train.
(v- p-- - y--.)
b) He ran away lest the police should catch /
lest the police catch, him = He ran
that the police may not catch him.
3) Torn off = *.a) He found his books torn off (by the
h- ( *o Gf) * C E.
b) He had the agreement torn off -
pEo * .4) Counter fire = This expression
appear to be in use. It may mean, r
Counter fire English Ep. --p nfire E .a) If some one fires at you, you retu
(j OO p J-, Op -- n.)
8/14/2019 C 2 d 2007
5/13
-C- 12 - d 2007 - j
Priya: Hi Sneha, long time, no see. Where
have you been all these days?
(o V-jC, -E.\o, Eo V?)
Sneha: Busy with a research project and
because of it I had to be away for
months gathering material.
( J- - u BJ- o.E C * - Jh - Lq *aC.)
Priya: Have you completed it?
(Jh Eo?)Sneha: No. It had to be suspended for want of
funds.
(. E - -v-d \L- Lq *aC)
Priya: You look run down.
( F- E-h-o)Sneha: That's outside and restaurant food for
you! Before I left home I had been on
home food and no trouble whatever.
Once I left home I couldn't care what I
ate, and where I ate. That's affected
my health.
(, x A A J!x - A AEo. . x C-L y Ao, \Ao C
d-. u jCx.)
Priya: I've preferred a local job mainly for fear
of losing my health.
( u j , nE- o u do.)
Sneha: I have told my boss a number of times
to keep me here, but he wouldn't listen.
He is not one to do things for fear or for
favour.
(Eo-\ - E - xp. F NE--. F, G -EF E-.)
Priya: You mean the present man? I thought
he was the nice sort.(yC p-o E J? * -o-o!)
Sneha: No. Not this man. He is not our man-
ager. He is acting for the manager, as
he is on leave.
(. --. - - . -- -M- o, - E-h-o / --n E-h-o.)
Priya: I mistook him for your manager.
(EE O -- -E -f.)Sneha: This guy is flexible, but he has no pow-
ers. The decisions are the manager's
and this man just signs for him.
( N , F E C . Eg-Fo --, v h.)
Priya: Why don't you change your job? You
can avoid these tours.
(F u a? v- p--?)
Sneha: Just for lack of time. I am so busy atoffice that I don't find the time to look
for a new job.
( --x. h u-\ G@ .)
Priya: Any, you'd better take care of your
health. Any thing for health, you know.
Once you lose it, you can't be the same
again. That's for sure.
(-i, F u vh*C. u
j L. J u p Sx Jh .)
Sneha: You're right
(y J_ p.)
We've been studying the uses of the
preposition, 'for' for the past few days, haven't
we? Let's now look at some more uses of 'for'.
lesson , for N, English con-versation NEhC.Practice. Look at the following sen-tences from the conversation above.
1) It had to be suspended for want of funds.
2) I've preferred a local job mainly for fear of
losing health.
3) He is not one to do things for fear or (for)
favour
4) He is acting for the manager
5) ... and the man just signs for him.
6) Just for lack of time
7) That's hotel food for you!
1&6) for want of = for lack of =
x/ - xa) for want of proper support he dropped the
idea of standing for the election =
j l - Eo-x --o
b) for want of time for preparation, they want
the exam to be put off =
-- u j --x, x K~ -E --o.
c) for want of funds the project
hasn't yet taken off =
E x vd v .
d) for want of proper leadership,
the party is weak =
j -y x, KdEh C.
for want of = for lack of. . jsEox, for want of, for lack of-a. C * expression.Practice.
2) for fear of = x
a) for fear of losing his ministership he says
yes to whatever the CM says =
vA N x p-E-x --.
b) He didn't raise his voice for fear of his
father =
v x Ah x.
c) for fear of waking the guards,
quietly =
fq Ev----o Ez-l .
d) for fear of contacting AIDS, th
the AIDS patient =
q -\ hx _ x.
3) for fear or (for) favour = hxF / GxFa) you can't get help here for fea
xF, G xF - . (y G -F F- y
b) Nothing can be had here f
favour =
xF
xF \(\ F, C - )
c) (This is) not the place where y
money for fear or favour =
F\ Gsa-- .4&5) For the manager = \for
- E.a) The P.S. signs for the minister
NE-d q h.
b) The CEO is acting for the cha
jt CEO u-J-h7) That's hotel food for you! - \
C, - E. C -!)a) That's politicians for you! Inte
in themselves and never in th
D -----. L yn, v v q
That's.... for you! -C * converpractice.
Spoken English u -x --.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.ht
He is acting for the managerHe is acting for the manager
x--x-- 343
M.SURESAN
v- o:i) I was glad to hear from father that youare still hale and hearty and can take your
4km walk every day - This sentence is
observed in Wren& Martin grammar book
(old). Please clarify the correctness of this
sentence.
ii)The foundations of many buildings would
have (got) damaged in the earthquake.
iii)By next September -- the shrubs would have
grown 4 ft high. Please clarify the correct-
ness of these sentences using 'would have' -
one referring to past and another to future.
. -n, N--:
i) I was glad to hear from father - This is the
main clause, and the verb in it 'was' is in the
past tense. But the verb in the subordinate
clause- are is in the present tense - strictly
speaking, it should be 'were', but then the
meaning would be affected. We'd get the
meaning, that they were still hale and hearty
when they heard from their father and not
after words. This does not express correctly
what person has heard from the father. In
informal English (especially when a present
situation/ a situation which is continuing isreferred to, the present tense verb is pre-
ferred even if the main clause verb is in the
past tense. eg: The station master told me an
hour ago that the train is running late by an
hour. This is accepted, if it applies to an on
going situation. Look at this again: I knew
from him yesterday that you are here for a
conference tomorrow. In such cases, the rule
is not strictly insisted upon.
ii) The foundations of many buildings would
have got damaged- this means that there
was a likelihood of the foundations being
damaged, but in fact they were not. If the
speaker's meaning was that they were likely
to have been damaged, the sentence should
be - The foundations of many buildings might
have been/ might have got damaged.
iii) By next September the shrubs would have
grown four ft high- wrong. The reference
here is to an action expected to be completeby some time in future.
The correct sentence is: By next September,
the shrubs will have grown 4' high.
-v o:outstretched, yet, someone else OE-Th u, n -.
. u , ----: i) Outstretched = - */-
*. (u K )a) He ran to his mother with his arms out-
stretched = / - *x t- j/ _ -h. (-TL-)
b) He was looking with his
neck outstretched = * h-o.
ii) and yet = yet = though/
although/ eventhough =
/ -p-.
a) I gave him Rs. 1000/-and yet he is not happy = a
b) I told him to get out and yet
there = o Rx-to \o.
iii) Someone else = - o.a) He didn't do it. Someone else di
know who. (C - . -L-.)
b) If you don't help me, someone
y -, h.
8/14/2019 C 2 d 2007
6/13
- 14 -d 2007 - j
Susen: I'm afraid I'm in for serious trouble.
( Bvi sC --o--Ep-hC.)
Rasik: What makes you think so?
( ---o?)Susen: Well, I felt that the job I was assigned
at office was not for me. So did I tell the
officer. She insisted, I do it. I refused.
( p-T* E TCE E-*C. N p. N d-dC. x-o.)
Rasik: Why do you feel it is not for you?(F TC-E ---o?)
Susen: For one thing, it means going out and
gathering information out of office
hours.
( N--N- E AJT - JLq C, D q y.)
Rasik: Ofcourse, you'd be paid special
allowance for it, wouldn't you?
( E v u u C?)
Susen: Certainly. But that doesn't tempt me.
(Lxh. E { .)tempt= J{
Rasik: If I were you, I'd do it for the asking.
What more could you ask for? You
needn't sit in the office turning over the
files.
( y, C uox p---E. L? aE jq A---\x.)
Susen: For that matter, I had the offer of such
a job long ago- I mean, a job that
would make me go out about a lot. I
hate having to move about. That's pre-
cisely why I preferred this job.
( N-E-h u A- \ - -uC -p*aC. A- f *. -E *a .)
precisely = exactly = *a.Rasik: Who's your officer?
(O ?)
Susen: How does that concern you? Any way,
she is Ms Rajyalakshmi.
(F?/ N -j F? , -u-~ t)
Rasik: I think I know her. Isn't she called
Rajyam for short? Her husband is a
Railway Officer, isn't he?
(N --. N uE / h ? N hjy ?)
Susen: Yea. (Do) you know her then? If you
happen to see her tell her I wouldn't do
it for any thing.( FN ? JyN -- p, --E E.)
Rasik: For all the world I would do no such
thing. Who am I to interfere in such
matters?( E - . Nx Lp-E Jo?)
Susen: OK, OK. Leave it at that. I must rush to
office.
(x, \. -xL. j.)
Preposition- 'for' - --o. -sx, n spoken Eng-lish D lesson l. p -, NE-hspoken English . For Lq -sx sentences EN T_ simple , NE--h.Look at the following expressions from the
conversation above.
1) I'm in for serious trouble
2)The job I was assigned at office was not for me.
3) Why do you feel it is not for you
4) For one thing, it means going out and gath-
ering information.
5) I'd do it for the asking.
6) For that matter, I had the offer... long ago
7) Isn't she called Rajyam for short?
1) Be in for = s--\- / P~ . expression spoken English common. O conversation .
a) I am late. I am sure I'm in for trouble=
-u u. sC --o-
o. .b) You are doing what you ought not to do.
You'll be in for trouble=
y -E E-h-o. sx.
n 'in for it' E .c) If she doesn't complete the work by the
evening, she is in for it =
v -- EJh----
P~ p! (CC uJ) n, you/ he /...asking for trouble
= sC /
d) He is smoking too much. He is asking for
trouble =
-K \ t h-o . sC Ea-o/ --o.
e) You are buying that car? Don't ask for
trouble =
---o? sC E-a.2 & 3) Not for me/ not for somebody.
(J-/ TC - / suit - )a) A travel job is not for me =
v- u .b) Not for him is this kind of climate =
- E (suit)
c) Ice cream is not for her. Doctor told her
so long ago =
v . d p p-C.4) for one thing: Conversation
expression hC. (- N-... .)a) For one thing, politics are not for me; for
another/ secondly, I don't have the time =
N- - j .
b) For one thing they never inv
for another, she doesn't like to
N N- , C x x
c) For one thing or another, he
never at home =
N O p .
5) for the asking = T aC. h/ u E.a) He will help you for the ask
help willingly =
yT , h- u
b) The book is yours for the askin
y u. h (-. ah.)c) There's a lot of demand for the
The jobs are there for the ask
x * T C. Tu-.
6) for that matter = C . n: N-E-ha) Vijayawada is hot in summe
matter which coastal city isn't?
N N-- NE-h, h
b) The movie is just dances and
that matter all Indian movie
that=
E uq, d
N-E-h Eo *v 7) for short - C ( Na) His name is Veera
Satyanarayana Prasad. The
Satyam for short =
O u--- Eo u
b) He comes from 'Gudem',
Tadepalligudem =
C . Lx.
Spoken English u -x --.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.ht
I'd do it for the askingI'd do it for the askingx-x- 344
M.SURESAN
v o:
i) Injure, wound, hurt- Ou NJ.
ii) drawn, sink-O -N-?
. pV,
No
---:i. a) Injure: K E E-j - - /
-a u t v -x(Road accident, x T s, J-, C- v -x).
a) She injured her foot while playing tennis -
Eo -op -C.
b) Four people were injured in the bus acci-
dent-
Bus v - --J -u.
c) Injure -f --E vu/vud) Injure = d L-T.
This has injured his reputation -
-C d L-T*C.i. b) Hurt. Hurt -/ -av - x L , p E. (Injure -E vu, E - vu.)Hurt o- , v -- h v-\-. -Nj -i Churt.
a) My shoes are hurting me.
( L-Th-o.)
b) You are hurting me by holding my hand
tight -
d dE L-Th-o.
c) v -x L
He hurt his arm in the accident-
v - -A s TLC.
Hurt , p vu
d) - sB.
You've hurt my feelings.
e) I feel hurt -
(-) L-TC.
i. c) Wound
tO * x - - u
l l u -fl a) Ten men were wounded in the a
C- C --f.b) He wounded her with a knife.
Ah -a.ii) drown - E E-T-
sink- h -.a) He (was) drowned while swimm
- E-T-.b) The ship sank off the coast of Ir
Ireland B-E E-T
8/14/2019 C 2 d 2007
7/13
16 -d 2007 - j
Prasasthi: Hi Sukrithi, can I have the two
books you've promised me?
(Nyh-o h- B-a?/ p y?)
Sukrithi: I looked for them the whole day yes-
terday but I could find just one of
them. For the present make do with
it. I'll try to fish out the other one in
a day or two.
(Eo A . -L-. vh--E E l.Eo A v-Aoh Vx.)
make do = J-dfishout = A d
Prasasthi: That's nice of you. You've taken a
lot of trouble for my sake.
( *! v-f )
Sukrithi: That's Sukrithi anything for a friend.
(D %A . -. o- (hC))
Prasasthi: Privileged to have a chum like you.
(F h vu)Sukrithi: One more thing. That book is yours
for keeps. I
don't need it
any way.
( N.
h y. -\-. )
Prasasthi: I'm sorry that I can't keep it for ever.
I'll certainly return it to you once my
work is over. It's not fair on my part
to keep it for myself.
(- B. Sorry. E j- F AJT ah. Eo- u )
Sukrithi: I am all appreciation for your honest
intentions.
(F EB l - Jh J{ho.)
Prasasthi: Today is Sunday. There'll be a num-
ber of stalls of second hand books.
I'll see if I can get the second book
there. I'm not sure, but I'll try forwhat it is worth.
( C- . h-t . h\ - h. t . vo h)
Sukrithi: I am sure it is some where in the
house. It's matter of time before I
get it for you.
(\ x E t.h time -. F h-o-C)
We are discussing the uses of 'for'. The fol-
lowing are some more uses of for. Look at
the following sentences from the conversa-
tion above.
1) I looked for them the whole day yesterday.
2) For the present make do with it.
3) You've taken a lot of trouble for my sake4) That book is yours for keeps
5) Anything for a friend
6) I'll try for what it is worth
1) Look for = search for = -a) I am looking for someone who can explain
this = C NJx h-o/--o.
b) What are you look-
ing for? = E---o?
c) Looking for that book in these
huge piles of books is looking
for a needle in a haystack =
h- x h , f C- .
Needle in a hay stack= f- C C idiom, O practice.d) I am looking for some one to help me=
x ho.2) For the present = For now = vh--E.
a) This is all the money that I can give you
for present =
vh--E F yL-T s .b) Let's not say or do any thing for the pre-
sent. Let's wait for his next move =
vh--E pl, ul. - l/ * l.
c) Won't this do for the present? =
vh--EC ?
3) For somebody's/ someone's sake= for the
sake of someone/ for the sake of somebody
= (vu-) J-/ E-a) A father takes any kind of trouble for the
sake of his children = x / xi, v j h.
b) A mother is prepared for any sacrifice for
the sake of her children= x Lx uE-j l-C.
c) Harischandra gave
up his kingdom for the
sake of truth= u uEo o J- av.
expression practice .For God's sake = * F/ N uE/u-lE d c p-E-F.a) For God's sake, stop beating the
child= ( , d) Gfd . .
b) He is just a boy, how can he lift that
heavy box, for God's sake! =
*o v , -j d h-? (d p)
c) For God's sake come out with the truth =
E p ( / c/ v
p)5) Anything for- C N-
expression- practice . n E-jl E.a) Anything for the sake of/ for a friend=
o E-j l
b) Anything for a quiet life - that's
v @N E-j l
N.c) He will do anything for money
s -j
4) for keeps = for ever = p-/ a) I give it to you for keeps =
C p- Faho.
b) I've travelled a lot. Now I think
for keeps =
v- -E/A- .
--
c) Has he
you for
does he
back? =
C F p- a ?[for keeps X for the time being
6) For what it is worth = p- t --p , .a) I think I'll buy this shirt, for wha
shirt \, (oE/ -a, \ )
b) Take the old man's advice fo
worth =
l B, * - a)
c) Though I am not sure I can mtry for what it is worth =
E -- t v-Aoh (--).
Fo O conversation E .
Spoken English u -x --.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.ht
AAnnyytthh iinngg ffoorr aa ff rr iieenndd
x--x--- 345
M.SURESAN
v o:
C u- Tx - -.
1. t J---J- Lxh?
2. t J---J- Lx-h--
?3. t J---
J- Lx--Lq-?
4. t JJ- p?
5. t JJ- p-- a.
.. ,
--:1. Do we pay fine/ Are we fined for not
wearing (if we don't wear) a helmet?
2. (Do) you mean we pay fine/ We are
fined for not wearing a helmet?
3. Have we to/ Must we/ should we pay
fine for not wearing a helmet?
4. Can't we help paying fine for not wear-
ing a helmet?
5. Fine/ Penalty might have to be paid for
not wearing a helmet-v o:
1. Possessive pronoun, Reflexive pro-
noun subject a?
2. Question Words pronoun -sx ?
3. noun -- % -He, She, It, They o-! Questions words pronoun Lq N?
.V, --E
--:1) Possessive pronouns as subjects:
a) Mine is that blue car there (C)b) Ours is a most bigger house than
this (C)c) Yours is not so good as this (FC/
OC)
d) His is a better solution (EC)e) Hers is a very costly necklace
(C)f) Theirs are not clever ideas (xN)
You can't use a reflexive pronoun as the
subject of a sentence.
2) a) who, whom- questionwords, p Pronouns.
b) What, which, whose - O \ jNoun h (What book, which pen,whose car ) N adjectives,
J h N Pronouns.
1) a) What do you want (Pronoun)
b) What book do you have?
(What- Adjective)
2) a) Which is the better? (Pronoun
b) Which book is the better? (Ad
3) a) Whose is the book? (Pronoun
b) Whose book is this? (Adjectiv
c) Where, when- N Adverbs.since when, by when o-ppronoun. When and where conjunctions.
d) Why- p Pronoun 3) Question words relative prono
Lq : Two or mortences L- -N He bought a car. The car is blu
. p, The cahe bought is blue ; 'Wh-?
8/14/2019 C 2 d 2007
8/13
-C- 19 -d 2007 - j
Srikar: You look tired. Where have you been?
(y -x E-h-o. \-o?)
Sritej: Out, playing cricket.
(v- --o, .)Srikar: You have been out for a long time?
Have you been playing for long?
( x . --o?)
Sritej: Today out of the six hours since midday
I have played for three hours.
(y uo * p- 6
x, .)Srikar: Did Vijai play today?(y N ?)
Sritej: He has been out of town for three days
now. I don't know when he will be back.
( V x . Sx AJ-h L-.)
Srikar: But he didn't play in the last match
either. He was in town then, wasn't he?
(- u-- -. px o ?)
Sritej: He wasn't well then. Out of concern for
his health his dad told him to take rest.
(p-E x . E ux -lx oNvA B--
o.)Srikar: He is a very
good player,
isn't he?
( * ?)Sritej: Yea. You can say that. Out of the ten
selected for the state team, he is the
only player from our area.
(. *a. Z d j 10C v * jC \)
Srikar: I hear that he is out of favour with your
captain. Is that true?
Sritej: Yea. He is all for keeping him out of the
team. He is afraid Vijai might be made
captain in his place.
(. Eo d -E C. n N- dhE E .)
Srikar: That's bad for the game.
(C *C .)Sritej: A lot of players are anxious to have him
as our captain. That is adding to the fear
of the present captain.
(-C } N- d-E -v o. C pd Eo \ hC.)
Srikar: I think Vijai will be made the captain
before the year is out.
( q *J- N- dh--.)
Sritej: I wish they did. He deserves to be the
captain.
( h C. d |.)
Srikar: What about Vijai himself? What does
he feel about captaincy?( N ? ---o d N J*?)
Sritej: He keeps out of this. He doesn't just
bother about it. All that he does is to play
to his ability.
( Lp-. Fo d-. -x h-- .)
Srikar: I wish him the best of luck. He is a gem
of a player.
(E -%d-L -E J. o.)
English conversation -N-out -J* --, Lesson. Out - .Out , 'out of', combi-nation\ NE- hC. -s p J-Q-L-l ?Look at the following sentences
from the conversation above.
1) Out, playing cricket
2) You have been out for a long time
3) Out of six hours since midday I've played for
three hours.
4) He has been out of town
5) Out of concern for his health his dad told him
to take rest.
6) Out of the ten selected for the state team.
7) ... he is out of favour with your captain.
8) He is all for keeping him out of the team.
No. 1, 2 and 4 sentences -E. Oxout
n: x E.(Opposite - 'in'
x )Rafi : Is your father in?
(O o -x o?)Sunil: I'm afraid, no. He is out on some
important business. He has been out
for an hour now.
(. u-i E-O --x . - x -/ -Rx C).
Out of town = x - ( j, l -i,out of town .out of city, in city NE-.)
Out of station - p. xn expression, English .
a) My dad has been out of town for
two days now =
o- vV x .
b) Who says he is out of town. He is very
much in = -o. x E *ax o.
C -E.An out of towner = J h-/ J
* *a-.My uncle is an out of towner here =
uncle J h (stranger)/ JC--.A goofing out of towner = J h x - - x, - -x,J p-x.
An out of town guest =
J-* *a AC.Sentences No.3 and 6:
Out of = ()a) Out of the six hours of leisure
hours watching the TV =
NvA -, 3h .
b) Out of the ten players selec
state team =
Z d C c) Out of the six best in the class
top =
class E - h t u-h.
d) She score a hundred out of a
(\ \-
\--e) They we
get only
ten points
C points 5 points v Sentence No 5:
Out of concern for = l x.a) Out of fear no one opened his
x Np-b) Out of pity I helped him,
ungrateful =
L/ L- x %o.
7) Out of favour = G p-a) This fashion is out of favou
youth now = fashion p p-C./ p
b) The MLA is out of favour with
MLA u-vA p-.
Spoken English u -x --.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.ht
He has been out of townHe has been out of town
x--x-- 346
M.SURESAN
v o: inundate, submerge,maroon O N-? pV, No
:Inundate = Fx v EoJh J/p-.Flood waters inundated the
whole area = v h Fx p- /vN/ J.Inundate n, Nj .Requests for more information inundated our
office = J - - u-n office / u-n- office E-T-C. -E: Inundate h vC.Submerge: - Inundate v Fx -v h-j, vj-.
The fields were submerged by the flood
water = Fx E-T-.\ Submerge = inundate. sub-merge vj, h-j-/ n -C.As she poured the coffee, the sugar cubes
were submerged under it = coffeeh cubes E-T
-.Maroon = Et--u-i p-O- C-.a) When the ship sailed off without him, he
was marooned on the island = Rx- , Et--u-i Dy J -.
b) Our car brokedown at the dead of night
and we were marooned where we did not
know = lvA T- - , J Et- u v , \L-,
8/14/2019 C 2 d 2007
9/13
- 21 - d 2007 - j
Snehit: Why do you go on needling Karthik the
way you do?
( J Kh- p ?)
needle= JE J* p E NT
Vaibhav: Keep out of this, Snehi. This no way
concerns you.
(DE y Lp-. F C* N.)
concern = Snehit: I don't want two of my friends crossing
swords with each other. That's what I
am concerned about.
( o-L-l x-- -. C L-ThC.)
be concerned = -.I am concerned about my father's health =
o u L-ThC.cross swords = x-
Vaibhav: you are out to help him I know. You
have always liked him better than
me.
(- -E F. p Fd.)
Snehit: Come on
Vaibhav. You
must be out ofyour mind to
say that. I just
want you to
stay out of trouble. That's all. Karthik
can some times dangerous.
(F a\-x C. y sx E J. .Kh \\p v )
Vaibhav: You could warn Karthik as well.
( N y Kh pa .)
Snehit: (Are) you sure that I haven't? I've told
him very strongly to avoid a show
down with you. That's why he isn't pro-
voked even when you try to.
( p-E F ? d p, F a lAlE. y adEv-Ao-* *a--o.)
showdown = a--( -o N/ x N.)provoke = ad/ Ny.
Vaibhav: If he was so much for having it out
with me why did you stop him? If as
you say he can be dangerous, so can
I be. In fact, I've been looking forward
to a confrontation with him.
( a---E -, y . y-od v , v --. -E "a-E p- --o.)
confrontation- -v \- " (x).showdown, confrontation -
--i . practice .Snehit: Look here, Vaibhav. I am leaving here
for good before the year's out. So
before I leave, I want to see you as
friends.
(. q h-u-- Rx-o. x O lJo o- E J.)
for good= yVaibhav: Good luck.
Keep trying.
(Good luck.
v-Aoh)
uses of out/ out of J-Q-L-ho, N J-Eo -s lesson J-Q-Ll.Look at the following sentences
from the conversation above.
1) Keep out of this.
2) You are out to help him.
3) You must be out of your mind to say that.
4) I just want you to stay out of trouble.
5) If he was so much for having it out with me,
why did you stop him?
6) I am leaving here for good before the year is
out1) Keep out of something =
j N u / Lp- .
a) Let me keep out of this affair between the
cousins. I don't want to have my fingers
burnt =
cousins u u Lp---. a--.
b) The police have warned him to keep out of
the group clashes =
_ --x Lp-lE M oaJ.
c) When his mother and wife start arguing he
keeps out of it =
Lx, u --- Lp--Keep out- () vP /vP lE p.
a) 'unsafe building, keep out' =
Building~-/ --nA C.vP.b) 'Private property.
Keep out' =
C private n.vP.
-u C aJ- .2) You are out to help him
Out to do some thing =
E--- d Eg/voOut for some thing =
Eo E d Eg/vo
a) He is out to take revenge on you =
F O ~ Ba- Eg/ vob) She is out to make it good in computers =
computers --E Eg/vo.
make it good= C) He is out only for one thing and that is
money =
E vo s.3) Out of one's mind =
a\/ n xa) You must be out of your mind to think you
can ever become a minister =
y vAN --, C Fb) Any one who says politicians are
out of their mind =
- E---B*ax.
4) Stay out of trouble =
sx a) I don't want to do any busines
staying out of trouble =
u -, E.
b) You'd better stay out of all this =
Nx y Lp-. n D, Keep out of, .
5) Have it out =
/a
a) Why do y
Have it o y? a.
b) Unable to bear the insults any
wanted to have it out with his bos
- J boss a--o.
6) before the years out = (year is
q .
before the day/ the week/etc is out = V/ --/ -, e
a) He had finished reading the nove
day was out =
V -
b) The company had sold out all stoweek was out =
\- company
c) He got the next promotion befor
was out =
C A- yA promoti
Spoken English u -x --.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.ht
YYou arou are out to help hime out to help him
x--x-- 347
M.SURESAN
v o: u--kx -*F \J Ethv o Even if I die athousand times, I will
be born once again for
you E .
u E--, imagi-nation/ impossible, - i N- IIconditionL ? answer Even if Idied a thousand times, I would be born
once again for you C !NJ.
., K--: O correct. future imaginary
-p, if I die - p-.But your sentence 'If I died...', certainly
better. Thank you for pointing it out.
v o:i) Sew, Sow, Brew, Strew- a, v NJ. C -u- -- - -- -.
ii) Every tide has its ebb.
iii) All men are mortal.
iv) Either way, it is good.
v) The harder I work, The greater is the
pleasure.
vi) Men may come, and men may go but. I
go on for ever.
. u, : i) Sew - Sou - ; sow - ;
brew - (v) stew - duii) p -C.iii) fl ---x/ E-
uiv) i - ( Nx)v) y d/ vNh, .
vi) -fl a, a. F p-T-.
v o: i) v , Tenses * h-Eo *-. ii) Tx C-N-p sentence Jh n .DE N? iii) Should, would, will Future would forms p, -sx -T NJ.
X, j: i) Living English structure by Stannard
Allen (with key) = O-T N O - h.
ii) - v( x) n -C.iii) Should, Would, Will.... O - N lessons explain . .
v o: 1. Give some examples of post mentionwords. Whether post mention words are
used in formal English?
2. Whether the sentence- "I still
locking the door" - conveys p
. --: 1. Examples of Post ment
(Words formed by comb
meaning and the sound of tw
existing words)
a) Edutainment -
Education + Ent
(Nu b) Infotainment -
Information + Enter
-c) concerpt- concert + exce
K* B 2) I still remember locking th
does convey a past action
remember to have locke
locked the door - convey
action more clearly.
8/14/2019 C 2 d 2007
10/13
23 -d 2007 j
Hemang: What's biting you? For God's sake
out with it!
(N- --o? -p!)
Tushar: My secret is out. My uncle, of all the
people my uncle, has come to know
of my affair with Mahima.
( u --C. u o N, -u, J , -u L-C.)
Hemang: Does he know you intend to marry
her too?
(y Rx - l -o- E ?)
Tushar: Why don't you hear me out? There
was a big scene at home yesterday.
Mom, dad and he hit the roof when I
told them that I want to marry her.
(pC Jh N ? Eo lscene x. Rx--- v--.)
hit the roof = NK-i Hemang: You told them that?
(C p y x.)Tushar: I told them that wasn't for a marriage
with Purnima, My uncle's daughter.
Reason - I'm against marriage
between
blood rela-
tions. So is
Purnima for
that matter.
Hemang: What hap-
pened then?
(iC y?)Tushar: Even before I could finish, my uncle
walked out the door in a huff. My
parents haven't cooled down yet. I
brought my mom some fruits and she
just threw them out the window.
( x Jh -u NN B-E Rx- . t,o x-. t x a. E * N
-C.)
Hemang: What about your dad?(O o ?)Tushar: He wouldn't talk to me. He was sit-
ting in silent anger in his room, with
the lights out.
( x . x C lightsp ao.)
Hemang: What does Mahima say about it all?
( C DEo J*?)
Tushar: She hasn't yet come to know of this
( -C L-.)Hemang: Talk to your people once again about
it.
(Sx O x J x.)Tushar: That's what I am trying to do.
( vo Oo.)
Out/ out of N- ---o. lesson J-EoE l.Look at the following sentences from the
conversation above:
1) For God's sake, out with it.
2) My secret is out.
3) Why don't you hear me out?
4) My uncle walked out the door.
5) She throw them out the window.
6) He was sitting in his room, with the lights out.
1) Out with it =
d ( N/ u N---d-E --E- .)
a) You seem to be hav-
ing something in
mind. Come on, out
with it =
F - o-x C. F, p/ -d.
b) Is something bothering you? Why
don't you out with it?
j Eo -h?- p?
c) He was out with his intentions
finally =
*J l- -d.d) After a long interrogation she was out
with it =
vPo* y, N-dC.
2) My secret is out = u --.a) Your secret is out. We know everything
about you =
F u --C. F J* .
b) How much money he has is a secret, but
soon it will be out =
_ sD u. F Cy ---C / -hC.
3) Hear (somebody) out =
h-oC Jh/ *J- Na) She complains that the judge hasn't heard
her out =
Judge pC *J N-E hC.
b) Though they heard me out patiently they
didn't change their opinion =
pC *J x No-p-, Gv-- x a.
C ;Fight it out - ay/ x y NEo/ N-Eo a--/J\J-.
a) She wants to fight it out with her
neighbours = ---xa -- - - - - -C (a/x y)
b) We were tired. We left them to
fight it out = . a- E x C- . (J-\ u)
c) How long this suspense? Let's fight it out
with them = C-l? J x , a-. (a/x x)
4) and 5) Out the door; out the window
1) Out the door = out of the door = y*2) Out the window = out of the window =
*Out of the door, Out of the window - xout of , , u Spoken/Colloquial (u--J) English out (of) v NEhC. p - out of ( * , y * n) , out -o.
a) He threw the books out the windo
h- * - N
(Out of the window )
b) She looked out the window =
* - C.
(Out of the window )
c) As the car broke down, they all
car (out of the car ) and begit =
-T- x * C--d.
6) With the lights out =
D
8/14/2019 C 2 d 2007
11/13
-C- 26 -d 2007 - j
Nischit: We are really out of luck. We are just
a few minutes late. All the tickets have
been sold out.
(C -%d. Cl EN- v-u a. Eo qtj-.)
Manjit: That means the movie is out for the
coming week, as we are busy through
it. We can see the movie only next
week.
( V Ed, - BJ-.)
Nischit: Yea. It's out of the question. I doubt if
we could make it the next week either.
I have to visit my cousin who lives at a
little out of the way village in
Diviseema.
(. v h C. a C . - CN h - v >- L.)
Manjit: You are certainly going out of your
way to meet him.
(h \ v B-o o.)
Nischit: I have to,
because we
used to be
very close
when we went
to school. He
has been a bit
out of sorts for the past few weeks.
Something is seriously wrong. His son
called me yesterday and told me of it.
( xL, p. o x , \x. Cl -yn o . h BviN. x s Eo p.)
Manjit: Didn't he visit you a few months ago
here?
(Cl Eo E\ a. ?)
Nischit: That's the guy. He came here to buy
some tractor spares and a good TV set.
(. vd N , * TVE \ a.)
Manjit: There was some argument between
you. Finally he proved you were out in
calculations, and as a result the bill
for the tractor parts was out by over
Rs 100 to Rs.125.
(O lJ u J-TC. *J F \ pF, E L-vd p d q Gx , A \jE L-.)
Nischit: Exactly. But we got back the hundred
odd rupees from the tractor spares
dealer. This friend of mine was quite
happy but we had to spend a hundred
rupees on transport to get the money
back.
Manjit: Life is like that you know.
(@N .)
Out a expressions J-Q-Lho .Conversations - - / NEJEoexpressions p l.Look at the following expressions from the
conversations above:
1) We are really out of luck.
2) That means the movie is out for the coming
week.
3) It's out of the question.
4) I've to see a cousin of mine who lives at a lit-
tle out of the way vil-
lage in Diviseema.
5) You are certainly go
out of your way to
meet him.
6) He has been a bit out of sorts for
the past few weeks.
7) Finally he proved you were out in
calculations.... bill... was out by Rs
100 to Rs 125.
1) Out of luck=
%d -/ -%da) We were out of luck. We got
there too late to see our favourite hero =
%d . u- u, G .
b) She was out of luck to miss the seat just
by one mark =
\ \ \ d -%d.
2) The movie is out for the coming week=
V movie d/ .Out (\) = / -.a) Cricket is out for us for the coming two
weeks because of exams =
K-~ x v /
/ .b) Coaching was out because we didn't finda suitable coach =
j P~- - P~ -C/P~ u-/ P~ -C.
c) Walking is out for him four weeks as his
knee is in bandage =
L d x 4 .
3) Out of the question = Not possible/ not
allowed=
u / U.a) You want me to go
to the wedding in
these clothes. It is
out of the question =
h- Rx x ? C-E E/ *a E-.
b) Helping the fellow again is out of
the question=
Sx - (u).
c) A poor man becoming a minister?
That's out of the question =
H- vA ? u.4) out of the way place =
- , v y -E / E
a) Sorlagondi is an out of the way village onthe coast in Krishna district =
xC %g >x v-B \ E .
b) Just for social service he started his hos-
pital in an out of the way town =
~u \ - xpvA d.
5) Go out of your way (to do some
Go out of somebody's way (to
thing) \-E E v- C spoken English .a) He went out of his way to
stranger =
J-*- ---\ .
b) She went out of her way to h
tant cousin get a job =
u \-E v- C. ( --\--
6) Be out of sorts = * a) She was o
after the lon D` v * -C
b) I feel out of sorts in his prese
sC c) He was out of sorts with himse
ing the work =
E u E C.
7) Out in (something) = p/ -a) You are out in your counting =
F \ p/ y p \b) Your guess is out by more tha
F p u C/ u - (
F .c) The contractor's bill is out by arupees =
~ - vd Gx.
Fo simple expressions - versation simple ,
Spoken English u -x --.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.ht
It's out of the questionIt's out of the question
v o: C -u- -Tx -- .
1. -- (A--E)y?
2. sE -d.3. -E E
.4. *a- .5. o A?6. Eo h- --L.7. L.8. E h B--.9. -E ad.10. B-- E URxC.11. d Z -a.12. s a.13. T s y .
>. E, K--
--: 1. Shall I give you a banana to eat?2. I put (laid) baby to bed.
3. I'll not show him the movie (O Ox). I will not let him see themovie (E- y). I will not take him tothe movie (B-x/ -).
4. Only he must have written this nonsense.
5. Will you/ would you eat? (would- better)6. We must know the prices of all articles.
7. We must see if (whether) she is in the shop
or not.
8. I took Ramu upto that post/ pillar.
9. I seated the baby/ I had the baby seated.
10. Geetha has gone to fetch Latha.
11. The Maoists have given a call for a bandh
tomorrow/ have called for a bandh tomor-
row.
12. He gave me money even before I asked
him.
13. Though I have asked for the money he is
not giving it.
v o: 1. He is determined = Eg-f... NJ.
2. A number of buses, a lot of buses. u u N-?
3. I felt happy on seeing him; I felt happy by
seeing him C correct?4. He remind me of the money I owed him
E -C. He reminded me E L? - u p-. p He has reminded me of the money Iowed himE L ?
5. %d B-h u B-.6. fx C.7. C.8. O F- ~ u-
Tx pL? , x
--: 1. He is determined - \ deter-mined past participle , C condi-tion --C, passive B.
n, determined (Ea-/ o / L-T-- ) He is interested = h (- ).
2. A lot of buses = A number of buse
3. I felt happy seeing him -D corre4. He reminded me, correct. He rem
D,Time
p-,has reminded
-sEo d, situation tim p a. Past d correct. eg: I saw him yesreminded me of the money. (\day E p . pstated. p, Past doing wsimple) correct.
5. If you bring it to our notice we
action.
6. Something has come in the way.
7. The gate is/ has been closed.
8. Why are you so vindictive against
Why are you so angry with me?
x--x-- 349
M.SURESAN
8/14/2019 C 2 d 2007
12/13
- 28 d 2007 - j
Nischala: What do you know of him?
( J* F ?)Vignana: Who are you talking of?
(y J J* x--o?)Nischala: Of your friend's cousin, Virup.
(O o-L > N J*.)Vignana: How does he interest you?
(x F h?)Nischala: He has been proposed to me, dad
says.
( E B-aEo -o.)
propose = Rx vA-C.He proposed his daughter to his col-
league's son =
JE uT -vA-C Rx -o-.
Vignana: So you are getting married. congrats!
( Rx ---o- o .G.)
Nischala: A friend of my parent's has brought
up the proposal. Nothing certain yet.
( q v Eo B- a. -/.)
Vignana: I know Virup
well. He is
the elder of
the two sonsof their par-
ents. He
stands 5'9''
or there abouts and is quite good
looking. He has a good job that fetch-
es him a handsome salary. What
else can you ask for?
( . l -x l-. h 5'9''a. -. * @ au. L F?)
There abouts = / Nischala: This is the first of the guys coming to
see me.
(o Rx- ho - uh -.)
Vignana: I'm sure there won't be another,
because I haven't any doubt about
your liking each other. Certainly you
are made for each other.
(- Eo --E t, OJ-l o dx . OJ-l-, -.)
Made for each other= - - J--Nischala: Hope so. Dad wants to make sure of
the family background before mov-
ing further.
( P-ho. x N- J* *a -----o o.)
Vignana: All the members of the family are
good. I can assure your father of it.
They live at a distance of a kilometre
from our home.
(x *x O o EoJ* y. * -O- -x.)
Nischala: They are coming to see me on the
evening of Sunday. Won't you be
around?
(x o - C-v h-o. y-?)
Vignana: Why me, of all? If you so wish I'll be
there, don't worry. But of which group
I am going to be, I'm not certain.
(? y --hx. vK y. J ~L C L--.)
Nischala: You are my
classmate,
so you are
there for me.
(y x-N d,y -.)
Vignana: Just dont worry. He is a
gem of a man and the oth-
ers are very good as well.
( -. - *, * x.)
Nischala: Bye then, Viggy.
In this lesson we are going to study the uses
of the preposition 'of'. O --? 'of'
- NE-hC English conversation .Study the following sentences from the
conversation above
1) What do you know of him?
2) Who are you talking of?
3) A friend of my parent's has brought up the
proposal.
4) He is the elder of the two sons.
5) This is the first of the guys.
6) Dad wants to make sure of the family back-
ground.
7) All the members of the family.
8) On the evening of sunday.
Sentences (1) and (2) Know of, talking of =
Ja, J* n - .
of, about. N interchangeable - Ja n -p, of a about a.a) What do you know of/ about him? =
E J* F?b) What did he talk of/ about me?=
J* x?
c) He says this of you /about you =
Eo J* -C-o.
3) A friend of my parent's =
my parent's friend = Lxvo
x 'of' C, \,C* E n hC. u fl \ ,of , 's (Apostrophe and s)\ .
a) A friend of my brother/ My brother's friend
was here yesterday =
Eo v o- -\--o.b) From the look of these houses we can say
that they are of the rich =
x Eo d p- N - E.-fl N \ (possession/ own-ership) E -p, of 's better.
The books of my friend = my friend's books
- x of , 's' \ C.The books on the table are my friend's =
- -O o h- o-N =The books on the table are of my friend/
are of my friend's.
v E h- - 's . 'of' v
.
The legs of the table (Table's legpages of the book (The book's
, , v , 's i-C
a) Hyderabad's software compani
jobs to tens of thousands of peop
j-- -E d F u- Lp-h-o.
b) APSRTC's fleet of buses carry la
sengers everyday across the stat
...... C q~-C v- Z B--
fleet = A group of buses/ lorries /
Sentences 4 and 5; the elder o
of, etc.
J/ (position) -.a) He is the
Indians to
seas=
v Bx v(He is the first Indian E
b) This is 45th episode of the serial
J-- C 45 . -E: \of = c) Sahadeva is the youngest of the P
x *o-.6) Sure of / certain of = N
d L / t a) Are you sure of success =
N O F t ?
b) He is not sure of attending the m Rx J* .Sure of sure about E
7) _ N-A o uhe.g.: The members of a family, the
a class / of a college, the le
group,
8) The evening of sunday/ the
monday/ the evening of 11th Oct
V/-K l, uN p of
Spoken English u -x --.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.ht
He is a gem of a man
v o: C n, -.i) far off ii) as if iii) derrick iv) else -sx -T a. e.g. no one else.
v) through fare vi) smoke scent vii)pot pies viii) For the time being ix) and so,
x) or so xi) any one else, xii) is n't that so
u , --: i) far off= distant= -i. Far Off
places = i v. , , The place isfar off . Far Off p , , n, not .
My College is n't far off from my home =
College - * . Distant E F,
- a long way off E F. Eo , A long way off= , \.
The place is a long way off = v The place isn't far off= (_)
(ii) As if= x, F . He talks as if healone was correct. ( \ jxx J ) As though/ As if- , lessons NJ .
iii) Derrick= 1) iCrane. 2) (Petroleum) E~--o xbore Drill aPlatform.
iv) Also -J* N Lessons NJ..
v) Thorough fare (through fare)= A Public Road.
vi) Smoke Scent, vii) Pot pies ox. N Sentence, s L-
.viii) For the time being = vh--E.ix) And so = dx) Or so= .
It costs Rs 1000/- or so. C -u --/ -u - v C.He weights 70 Kgs or so= 70-@ -a.
xi) Any one else = - j.Anyone else would not have done it= - C - .( x no oneelse would have done it, better)
xii) Is that not so? = ?
He told you of it. Is that not so
(Isn't that so?) = C F p. ?/ ?
-v o: 1. o o Lxv--t .2. F Nv y
t % u- Tx Kh
---: 1. I shall be indebted life lonlife to my parents (who gav
life).
2. It's my fortune to have a friend like
blessed to have a friend like yo
rewarded to have a friend like you
x Christians d x yt )
x--x-- 350
M.SURESAN
8/14/2019 C 2 d 2007
13/13
30 d 2007 j
Dharani: Your dress is really marvellous.
Where did you buy it and how much
is it?
(F dress s C. \o? o?)
marvellous- ' \ - =si
Vidushi: I bought it at Quick Sale for a dis-
count, of course. They knocked 20%
off the dress. So I got it for Rs. 400
less.
(Quick Sales discount o.Dress 20 T_.- x 400 - \- *aC.)
Dharani: Where is this shop?
( shop \?)Vidushi: Near Governorpet branch of State
Bank of India, fifty yards off the main
road.
(State Bank of India Governorpet
branch _. Main Road * 50 )
Dharani: I'd like to have a look at the dresses
too. How about going this evening?
( \ dresses -o. y v l?)
Vidushi: I'm afraid I
can't make it
this evening.
I've to take
my younger
brother to
hospital. He fell off his bike this morn-
ing.
(y v . t o pvA B--}L. Bike OC* -f .)
Dharani: How badly is he hurt?
( Bv T?)hurt = -/ x -
Vidushi: Fortunately they are minor injuries.
Just a few bruises.
(%d h *o *o . \\U-C.)
bruise = (v , size -) -U
/ x t *- Dharani: Sorry to hear that.
(C N-E C)
Vidushi: Though no fractures or sprains, his body
is aching a lot. I am sure he has to be off
duty for the coming two to three days.
N- () - -, x p C. , V office xE t)
fracture- va / x N-.sprain- vp- /
Dharani: Where was he going?
(\ h-o?)Vidushi: He was on his way to our village 20
Km off Guntur.( * 20 .O. o v-E h-o)
Dharani: OK. We're getting right off the sub-
ject. When shall we go to the dis-
count shop? When can you come?
( . N C- . discount shop pl? p y?)
Vidushi: Why can't we
go tomorrow
afternoon?
( uol)
Dharani: OK. That suits me fine. I'm
off. ( . O-C. ho.Bye.)
C - J , les-son off n, ----o.Off - - English conversation. Off y--i n , E - E. - , a, Ao , E h-C E p,- , a, A . xEnglish off .1) He ate the whole fruit =
h Ao.
He ate off the whole fruit =
h A .2) He came from Chennai =
j o * a.He came off from the place =
\o* a.3) Finish the work - E Jh .
Finish off the work = E Jh .p off o N n, -l. Look at the following sentences
from the conversa-
tion above.
1) They knocked 20%
off the dress.
2) ... fifty yards off the
main road
3) He fell off his bike
4) He has to be off duty for the com-
ing two to three days.
5) He was on his way to our village
20 km off Guntur.
6) I'm off.
1. Off the dress/ off the original
price = T_.a) They knocked 50% off the original price =
50 T_ .b) You can get it at 25% off the price it is
usually sold at - J--E-C 25 \ -C.
c) He is 3 to 4 Kgs off his weight a week
ago- v E - 3, 4 _.
2. Off the main road =
Off a place = away from a place
v E / a) He lives in Dilsukhnagar, a k
the main road to the east.
C C, map .O. .
b) It is village off Guntur -
L v.c) It is an island off the coast of
Bengal =
B-E h 3. fall off = C -
a) The gale caused all the fruits t
tree = --L (gale - L) xFo
.b) He hit thard that it f
off the boun
Boundary / d d AE.
4. He has to be off duty for the com
duty off duty/ off work = NC, E. NC/ E -- - a) I am off college for tomorrow a
after - , xcolleb) He has been off office for th
days because of a fever
vV office 6. I'm off = ho.
a) I am wanted at home. I'm off =
-} . hb) He is off = h-o/
Spoken English URL: http://www eenadu net/spoken/spoken ht
He fell ofHe fell off his bikef his bike
v o: 1. With a view toy verb ingaa? phrases a to yverb ing form a?
2. Lakh, Crorenumbers p singu-lar L, p plural L?
3. Barely, hardly, scarcely- N --n
, interchange a? .. u, N--
-:1. With a view to ( -l ) y p
'... ing' form v hC.With a view to owning a house, we are sav-
ing money =
x/ x C l , s -oWith a view to avoiding the heat of summer
we are going to Kashmir=
N d Qt -o.
2. Hundred, Thousand, Lakh, Crore .. O u h singular.Two hundred, four thousand, six lakh, eight
crore, etc. (u- singular) u -C, C, ~-C,xC n plural.Hundreds of students get scholarships =
-C Nu-n ...Thousands of cars ply on this road =
C cars road A--.Lakhs of people have seen the movie =
~-C v E .Crores of people consider Gandhi a
mahatma = xC v ...3. Inter change - a. Eo
-s NN a. barely, hardly before, scarcely when.
v o: 1. How to teach Xth English mediumEnglish prose and poetry in English?
2. E- uhEnglish pL?3. I have a half day of school tomorrow. Is it
correct?
. P, (..>x)
-:1. There are no hard and fast rules for the way
you teach a set of students. Teaching meth-
ods have to change according to the abilities
of the students, the number of students, the
class room atmosphere, etc. But the following
method may be tried.
1) Before beginning a lesson- put them some
questions about the contents of the lesson.
2) Let them read, on their own, a paragraph
or a part of a para, if the para is long.
3) Ask them if they have found answers to
your questions in the para.4) Ask them to answer your questions.
5) Then explain the lesson in detail, but
before that explain the meanings of the
difficult words.
If it is a poem, read the whole poem first with
the necessary pauses. Set the words in
prose order and read again. Then follow the
method above.
2. Expressed protest.
3. Tomorrow the school is only for half a day/
The school works only for half a day tomor-
row.
v o: 1. '' - not yetENot bought yetE buy yet -d?
2. No. Only yesterday I came to
had sold it off. DE off -?
3. Said that (or) toldhC. Fthat E C-, -d?
4. -d? E -L?
. N - - , v (
-:1. Not yet- DE n, DE J quest
C. (Not yet= - ---C J questionC). Not bought Yet p.Havbought yet- correct. Not buy yet- C
2. , t (Nt- ). Sold it off/ a E h--C E h em.
3. Say, tell differences x N . lessons .
4. Is it correct? -L.
x--x-- 351
M.SURESAN