C M Y K mijna217.147.235.82/bitstream/1234/207791/1/Mijna_2016_N1.pdf · 2020. 7. 3. · qvey nis gam Tli a ne ba ca ri e li ad gi li dan ar da uw yia. Ta nac mi si po li ti ku ri

C M Y K

m i j n a#1 (4) maisi, 2016 weli

eZRvneba

bagrat III-is

`gamorCenil~

1000 wlis

iubiles

mijnasazogadoebrivi Jurnali, #1 (4), maisi, 2016 weli

damfuZnebeli, proeqtis av-

tori da gamomcemeli:

Tavisufal SemoqmedTa gaer-

Tianeba da Sps `gamomcem-

loba `mijna~, registraciis

# B12127840

redaqtor-gamomcemeli murman zaqaraia

redaqtori jemal Sonia

misamarTi: q. Tbilisi, taSkentis q.

#25, b. 1, tel./faqsi

2 38-03-11

ISSN 1512-4703

2 mijna, #1, maisi, 2016

sarCevi

ivane javaxiSvili

bagrat III-is gamefebis Sesaxeb...............................3

giorgi mWedliZe

bagrat III _ mefe-gamaerTianebeli...................5

jemal Sonia

1014-2014.................................................................................... 7

murman zaqaraia

bagrat mesamis mefobis etapebi............................9

diskusia

filosofiuri saubari mrgval

magidasTan..........................................................................35

globalizacia da religia

kaxa qecbaia

globalizacia: Sobis dResaswauli

da santa-klausi, koka-kola da

postTanamedrove ideologia.........................43

madli

robert petriaSvili

ubiT satarebeli wigni............................................49

laSa gvasalia

wiaRiani poeti..............................................................51

jemal Sonia

tkiviliani monatreba.............................................53

xsovna

anton arnania _ 100

jemal Sonia

asi wlis Semdegac......................................................57

irine taliaSvili

sicocxle Rirs...........................................................62

striqonebi, romlebsac dro ver

auferulebs!....................................................................62

revaz uruSaZis xsovnas........................................67

Cveni samZimari..............................................................69

garekanze gamoyenebulia giorgi gegeWkoris naxati

`bagrat III~, 1995 w.

mijna, #1, maisi, 2016 3

rodis, romel weliwadSi gamefda

bagrat III saqarTveloSi, am sakiTxze

SeiZleba orgvari pasuxi iyos: igi orjer

gamefda, pirvelad TiTqos qarTlSi,

meored afxazeTSi, anu ukeT rom vsTqvaT

lixT-imereTSi. rodesac daviT didma

kurapalatma qarTli bagrat gurgenis

Zes gadasca, igi maSin <<jere hasaks

TÂssa zeda usrul>> iyo da amitom

„Tanagamgeblad dauteva mama misi

gurgen“ (mt~ne q~Y, * 462, gv. 237) qarTlSi

damkvidrebis Semdgom <<viTar gardaჴda

weliwadi amas Sina sami>> (iqve, * 463, gv.

238), bagrati miiyvanes afxazeTs, <<daloces mefed da daemorCilnes yovelni brZanebasa

missa, rameTu gansrulebul iyo hasakiTa>>-o (iqve, * 464, gv. 239). „mt~ne q~Y“ mogviTxrobs,

rom bagrat III <<mefobda ocdaTequsmet wels da gardaicvala mჴciTa SuenieriTa

Semkuli qoronikonsa: __ s~l~d: __(234) Tuesa maissa Svidsa, dResa paraskevsa>>-o (*

473, gv. 246). qoronikoni udris 1014 w. q. S., maSasadame bagrat III gamefebula (1014 -36) 978

wels. amgvarive TariRi Cans aTonis monastris erTs xelnawerSi Senaxul anderZisda

mixedviT; iq sweria: <<RmerTo adide bagrat afxazTa mefe da qarTvelTa kurapalati...

romelman ineba aRweraჲ wmidisa amis wignisa wmidaTa mowameTaჲ indiktionsa mefobisa

maTisasa: ke>>(25) dasabamiTgan welTa xqz: (6607). qornikonsa: skb:>> (222)1. raki 1002

w. yofila bagrat III mefobis 25 indiktioni, anu weliwadi, maSasadame igi gamefebula

977 (1002-25) wels; xolo Tu dasabamiTgan aviRebT TariRs, maSin gamova 978 (6607-5604-

25) weliwadi. amgvarad bagrat III gamefebis TariRad unda 977-978 w. vicnaT2 da ara

980 w. rogorc aqamdis iyo miRebuli magram aq ibadeba erTi friad mniSvnelovani

sakiTxi: 977-978 w. bagrat III qarTlSi Tu afxazeTSi gabatonebis TariRi iyo? ukve

zemoT aRvniSneT, rom bagrati qarTlSi 3 weliwadia ukve damkvidrebuli iyo, rodesac

igi afxazeTSi mefed miiyvanes, maSasadame, zemomoyvanils sakiTxs qronologiisaTvis

arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs. Tu Cven aTonis xelnaweris zemomoyvanil anderZis Sinaars

CavukvirdebiT, am sakiTxis gadawyvetac advilia. 1002 w. bagrati yofila <<afxazTa

mefe da qarTuelTa kurapalati>>, maSasadame, maSin igi mxolod afxazTa mefed

iTvleboda, qarTlSi ki jer ara, iq mas kurapalatobis pativi hqonia; Tu gavixsenebT,

rom bagratis mama gurgeni am dros, 1002 w., jer kidev cocxali (+ 1008 w.) iyo, da 994

w., rodesac <<gardaicvala bagrat II regueni qarTvelTa mefe>>, man << dauteva Ze

TÂsi uxucesi gurgen, romelsa uwodes mefeTa mefe>> (sumbati, c~a da uw~yba, 64), maSin

CvenTvis cxadi iqneba, rom im dros, 1002 w., qarTvelTa mefed bagrat III mama gurgeni

iTvlebda da imitomac aris, rom bagrats mxolod „qarTuelTa kurapalati“ ewodeboda.

bagrationTa mematiane samarTlianad ambobs, rom <<vidre gurgenis gamefebamde (994

w.)ese bagrat mefe iqmna (978 w.) afxazeTs>>-o (c~a da uw~yba, 64). maSasadame, 977-978 w.

bagrat III afxazeTSi gamefebis TariRia da ara qarTlSi. amisda mixedviT cxadia,

ivane javaxiSviliivane javaxiSvili

bagrat III-is gamefebis Sesaxebbagrat III-is gamefebis Sesaxeb


rom mcirewlovani bagrati qarTlSi 974-975 w. gadmouyvaniaT.

axlad gamefebuli bagrati maSinve ar Sesdgomia qveynis mowesrigebas, jer saqmis

mdgomareobisa da cxovrebis viTarebis gageba iyo saWiro. amitomac aris, rom mxolod

<< viTar gardaჴda amas Sina weliwadi ori, iwyo gangebad>> (mt~ne q~ჲ, * 64, gv. 239); ese igi mxolod 979-980 w. Sesdgomia bagrat III saxelmwifo saqmeebis ganmarTvas.

rasakvirvelia, pirvelad mas unda im orWofi mdgomareobisaTvis mieqcia yuradReba,

romelmac saxelmwifo marTva-gamgeoba ase ari-daria. SeuZlebeli iyo erTsa da imave

dros ori mefe yofiliyo gamged, romelTagan erTi usinaTlo iyo. viTarca usinaTlo

igi TviT-neba moxeleTa saTamaSod iyo qceuli da misi moqmedeba win gadaeRobeboda

bagratis garkveul politikas. amitom, rom igi qveynis erTaderTi batoni yofiliyo

da << yovelTa kacTa, didTa da mcireTa, sasoeba keTili, gina Tu SiSi uwesobisa

TÂs misa mimarT aqundes>> (iqve) mefe bagratma Tavisi usinaTlo biZa, mefe Teodosi,

taos gagzavna daviT kurapalatTan da TiTon qarTlisa da afxazeTis erTaderT

batonad gaxda. es momxdara, maSasadame, 980 w. amieriTgan saqarTvelos gaerTianebis

saqme mtkice xasiaTisa da Seudrekelis nebis patrons mefes Cauvarda xelSi;

dauRalavad muSaobda igi samefos keTildReobisaTvis da aras dros garkveuls gzas

ar gadauxvevda, arc dabrkolebis win SeCerdeboda da ukan daixevda. afxazeTSiac

da qarTlSiac bagrati wesrigis damyarebas Seudga. cdilobda didebuli aznaurebi

TavianT qerqSi Caeyenebina.

Txzulebani t. II,

gv. 124-126

________________________1 А. Цагарели, Сведения I, [СПб.,1886], gv. 83.2 igive TariRi miRebuli da imave sabuTebze damyarebuli aqvT T. Jordanias (q kbi, I, gv. LVII) da e.

TayaiSvilsac (ix. saistorio masalani, Zveli saqarTvelo, II, 53) mxolod T. Jordania 977 wels qarTlSi

gamefebis TariRad sTvlis, xolo e. TayaiSvils aRniSnuli ara aqvs, qarTlSi Tu afxazeTSi gamefebis

TariRad miaCnia.

bag rats, ro gorc Cans, gu ran dux tis af xa zeT Si Cay va na eC qa re bo da. ...

Se iZ le ba vi fiq roT, rom le gi ti mu ro bis sa kiT xi id ga.

mok led: axa li qvey nis-sa qar Tve los or ga ni za ci u lad ga for me bis kri ti-

ku li mo men ti id ga: sa qar Tve lo qve ya na iS ve bo da, di di sa zo ga do eb ri vi

pro ce si sa qar Tve los war moq mni sa po li ti ku rad gvir gvin de bo da.

n. ber Ze niS vi li

sa qar Tve los is to ri is sa kiT xe bi, gv. 155/6

me fe e bis po li ti ku ri be di Tu ube do ba am az na u re bis, am mTav re bis xel Taa

da mxo lod bag rat III-m sca da Za liT Se mus vra, ma Ti ga daq ce va mo sa kar ga ve-

bad, di de bu le bad, sca da me fis xe li suf le bis Si na ar sis ar se bi Ti Sec vla.

n. ber Ze niS vi li

sa qar Tve los is to ri is sa kiT xe bi, gv. 172


saqarTve los ga er Ti a ne bu li fe o da lu ri mo nar qia bag rat III-is mi er Seq mnil

sa xel mwi fos war mo ad gen da. ami tom es qve ya na bag rat III-is sa qar Tve lo iyo. Tum ca

es cne ba-for mu la Zli er te va di mniS vne lo bi saa da qro no lo gi u rad di dad scil-

de ba me fe-ga ma er Ti a neb lis cxov re bis wlebs. es imi Taa ga mow ve u li, rom bag rat III-s

qvey nis gam Tli a ne ba ca ri e li ad gi li dan ar da uw yia. Ta nac mi si po li ti ku ri miz ne bi

da saq mi a no ba im de nad Sor smWvre te lu ri iyo, rom na yo fi mom dev no epo qa Si ga mo i Ro:

da viT aR ma Se neb li sa da Ta ma ris sa xel mwi fo swo red mis mi er Seq mni li sa qar Tve-

los axal xa ris xSi amaR le bas war mo ad gen da. bag rat III-mde igi cal ke u li qvey ne bis

sa xiT ar se bob da. man ki erT qvey nad - „sa qar Tve lod“ ga er Ti a ne bu li da to va.

Cve ni qvey nis is to ri am iS vi a Tad Tu icis ase Ti di di gar da te xa. mi u xe da vad imi sa,

rom is to ri ul pro ce seb Si xal xis ro lis ugule bel yo fa obi eq tu ri WeS ma ri te bis

uar yo fas ud ris, ere bi sa da sa xel mwi fo e bis is to ri a Si di di po li ti ku ri da ide o-

lo gi ur-kul tu ru li gar daq mne bi ga mo Ce nil pi rov ne ba Ta sa xe leb Ta naa da kav Si re bu-

li. bag rat III-s am Tval saz ri siT erT-er Ti pir ve li ad gi li uWi ravs sa qar Tve los

xan grZliv is to ri a Si. gar da imi sa, rom mis dros mox da udi de si Se mob ru ne ba Cve ni

xal xis cxov re ba Si, qvey nis po li ti ku ri ga er Ti a ne bis sa xiT. bag rat III-is uSu a lo

moR va weo bas Ta naa da kav Si re bu li ise Ti prob le me bis ga daw yve ta, ris ga re Sec es ga-

er Ti a ne ba efe me ru li aR moC nde bo da da mis mem kvid re ebs yve laf ris Ta vi dan daw ye ba

moux de bo daT, ami tom ga ma er Ti a ne be li me fis dam sa xu re bis ga sa az reb lad mTe li mi si

moR va we o bis da mas Tan da kav Si re bu li mra va li is to ri u li as peq tis yo vel mxri vi

mec ni e ru li ga mok vle va au ci le be lia. ase Ti mu Sa o ba ki jer je ro biT qar Tul is to-

ri og ra fi a Si ar Ses ru le bu la. bag rat III-is Se sa xeb Cvens mec ni e re ba Si mo nog ra fi u-

li ga mok vle vac ar ar se bobs. amas Ta vi si mi ze ze bic aqvs, maT So ris mTa va ria is, rom

bag rat III-is moR va we o bis epo qi sa da so ci a lur-po li ti ku ri vi Ta re bis Se sa xeb ar-

se bu li wya ro e bis sim ci re mniS vne lov nad aZ ne lebs srul yo fil mec ni e rul kvle vas.

mi u xe da vad ami sa, qar Tve li mec ni e re bis mi er Ses wav li li da dad ge ni lia mra va li

faq ti da mov le na, ga mok vle u lia sa kiT xTa far To wre, ri Tac mniS vne lo van wi la daa

mom za de bu li ni a da gi bag rat III-is Se sa xeb gan ma zo ga de be li naS ro mis Seq mni saT vis,

mag ram am prob le ma ti ka Si jer je ro biT ma inc bev ri „TeT ri la qa“ ar se bobs. ma Sa sa da me,

win kvlav di di sa mu Sa oa Se sas ru le be li. es Te ma ti ka Ta vis axal mkvle v rebs mo e lis.

er Ti Se xed viT, bag rat III „ar aris ma in cda ma inc po pu la ru li moR va we Cve ni is-

to ri i sa. mi si pi rov ne ba, ase Tu ise, da viT aR ma Se ne be li sa da Ta mar me fis di de bul

sa xe eb Tan Se da re biT, Crdil Sia moq ce u li. cxov re ba Si ase xde ba: Tu STa mo ma va li di-

dia, co ta Ti nak le bi si di dis mi si wi na pa ri Se iZ le ba da viw ye bas mi e ces.“ ase Ti ve be di

ewia bag rat me sa mes? ara, ver vit yviT, rom igi da viw ye bu lia. es sa xe li xom TiT qmis

yo vel dRi u ra daa sit yvax ma re ba Si. Tun dac mis mi er qu Ta is Si age bu li taZ ris ga mo.

bag ra tis ta Za ri xom sa o ca ri xu roT moZ Rvru li qmni le baa, mag ram ara nak leb

sa o ca ria is, rom RvTis mSob lis mi Zi ne bis sa xel ze age bul am Se devrs xal xma me fis

sa xe li uwo da. sa qar Tve lo Si (da sxva ga nac) bevr me fes da de do fals au gia ta Za ri,

mag ram mas iS vi a Tad Tu Ser qme via qti to ris sa xe li. uf ro me tic, qar Tve li xal xi Sua

sa u ku ne e bi dan Se mor Ce nil Se no ba Ta, ci xe si mag re Ta, xi de bi sa da qvab-sac xov re bel-

Ta um rav le so bas di di Ta mar me fis age bu lad mi iC nevs, Tum ca zo gi maT ga ni Ta mar ze

ad re an ga ci le biT gvi a nac kia age bu li. mag ram am me fis sa xe li arc erT ta Zars ar

giorgi mWedliZe

bagrat III _ mefe-gamaerTianebelibagrat III _ mefe-gamaerTianebeli


hqvia, bag ra tis ta Zars ki xal xis xsov na Si sxva sa xe li ar ga aC nia.

am faq tSi yve la ze sa gu lis xmo ga re mo e ba is aris, rom ma in cda ma inc ta Zars da-

u kav Si ra bag ra tis sa xe li. ta Zars xom xal xi yve la ze wmin das, yve la ze amaR le buls

da yve la ze sa nuk vars eZa xis.1

eg vip te le bi sa da ma Ti fa ra o ne bi saT vis pi ra mi de bi iyo taZ re bi. wig nTa-wig ni

bib lia ki gvas wav lis, rom eb ra e li eris bed ni e re bac da ube du re bac ta Zar Tan iyo

da kav Si re bu li. am xal xis is to ri a Sic iR bli an Ta ri Ra daa miC ne u li so lo mo nis di-

a di taZ ris age ba (Zv. w. 586), xo lo iu de vel Ta dax sna sa moc da aT wli a ni tyve o bi dan

axa li taZ ris iah ves sax lis mSe neb lo bis dam Tav re biT aRi niS ne ba (Zv. w. 516).2

qris ti a nul sa qar Tve lo Si bev ri ta Za ri iyo, mag ram bag ra ti sas, Ta vi si mniS vne-

lo biT, mxo lod sve tic xo ve li Tu Se ed re bo da. igi mar to li tur gi is Se sas ru le bel

ad gils ki ar war mo ad gen da, an da mxo lod „ca Si at yor cni li sim fo nia lo de bi sa“

(k. gam sa xur dia) ki ar iyo, ro gorc mo Cu qur Tme bi sa da mSve ni ere bis gan sa xi e re ba,

ara med mis ma am geb ma did ma me fem bag rat ma mas im Ta viT ve sa qar Tve los er Ti a no bis

sim bo los da niS nu le ba mi a ni Wa. amis Se sa xeb gvam cnobs taZ ris kur Txe vis aR mwe ri

ano ni mi qar Tve li me ma ti a ne.

ta Za ri sa qar Tve los er Ti a no bis sim bo lo-em ble ma! ai, ra aris bag ra ti.

mi si age biT aRi niS na sa qar Tve los po li ti ku ri gam Tli a ne ba. mi si kur Txe viT

da iw yo Tvi seb ri vad axa li era qar Tve li xal xis uxan grZli ves is to ri a Si, era, rom-

lis gvir gvi ni So Tas „vef xis tya o sa ni“ gax da. bag ra tis taZ ris xu roT moZ Rva ri rus-

Ta ve lis si di dis ge ni o sia. man da So Tam xe lov ne ba Si, xo lo bag rat III-m da da viT

aR ma Se ne bel ma sa xel mwi fo eb riv moR va we o ba Si srul yof ilad war mo a Ci nes qar Tu li

er vnu li ge ni is amo u wu ra vi Se saZ leb lo ba ni.

bag rat III-is mi er Seq mni li sa qar Tve los sa bo loo daS las moh yva Se de gad qu-

Ta i sis ka Ted ra lis dan gre vac. da na wev re bul ma qve ya nam ta Zars ve Rar mo u a ra, ver

Se i nar Cu na. am RvTis sax lis ga ve ra ne bis Sem deg sa qar Tve loc ise ve ked leb Ca le wi li

da dan gre u lia, ro gorc TviT bag ra tis ta Za ri da rad ga nac RvTa e bis gan ge bis ga re-

Se qvey nad ara fe ri xde ba da Rmer Tma ki sa qar Tve lo sa da bag ra tis taZ ris be di ise

da u kav Si ra er Tma neTs, RvTis ne ba aris nan gre ve bi dan ma Ti aR dge nac: Rmer Ti Ta vis

ta Zars ar ga wi ravs, dan gre uls ar da to vebs. ase ve ar ga wi ravs igi Ta vi si mSob lis

wil xvedr sa qar Tve lo sac.

________________________1 taZ ris zo gad sen ten ci u r arss Se sa niS na vad ga mo xa tavs a. nat roS vi li, ro me lic sve tic xov lis ar qi teq-

tu ris Se fa se bas Tan da kav Si re biT wers: <<Она не льстит чувствам, но поражает душу; не заставляет восхищаться произведением рук человеческих, а напоминает человеку про то величие Божье, про тоб что вне храма нет ему спасения>> (Натроев 1900:172).2 amis Se sa xeb vrclad ix. a. ba ToS vi li, eb ra e li xal xis is to ri i dan, Tb. 1991.

... 1010 wlis Tvis bag rat III sa qar Tve los udi de si na wi lis mflo be lia

ji qe Ti dan ja va xe Tam de da ta o dan he re Tam de. ase Ti war ma te bi saT vis ma-

nam de... ara vis mi uR we via. am er Ti a ni qar Tu li sa xel mwi fos sim bo lod

Se iZ le ba aR viq vaT XI s-is da saw yi sis ar qi teq tu ris ise Ti brwyin va le

Zeg le bi, ro go re bi caa bag ra tis ta Za ri (qu Ta is Si), sve tic xo ve li (mcxe Ta-

Si) da ala ver dis ta Za ri (ka xeT Si).

d. mus xe liS vi li

sa qar Tve los is to ria, gv. 182


jemal Sonia

1014 _ 2014

(aTasi weli bagrat mesamis gardacvalebidan)

bedielobis Tumc maqvs ufleba, _

bedieloba maqvs akrZaluli!..

bagrat mesame ras meubneba,

aTasi wlis win aq dakrZaluli?

gamoacilebs mefes klarjeTi _

saqarTvelosken saqarTvelodan,

me ki sul mcire lukmas davjerdi,

am siRaribes vinRa eloda?!

ar mapatiebs RmerTi, Semrisxavs,

Cemi umweo yofis Semyure;

ver davemsgavse zviad erisTavs

da mefis anderZs ver vuerTgule.

ver gavasvene zariT cxedari,

guSin vinc qveynis taxtze zeobda,

ver mivacile qristes mxedari

am samzeomde im samzeodan.

veRarc iRbalma mominanava,

Sewyda engurTan gza da savali,

im maruSiZis dari ara var,

`kacis Zlieris da ermravalis~.

saTanjosac ki veRar gadascda

Cemi natvrebis susti naTeli,

verc daviTs vgavar, kurapalatsa,

ver Sevayvare qarTvels qarTveli.

verc Zmobis ena gavagebine

afxazeTs, bnelSi CaRlil am kuTxes,

ver davudeqi mwded da meRvined,

vinc quTaTisSi mefed akurTxes.

veRar Sevuvse oqros barZimi

da gamarjvebuls veRar mivarTvi;

wvimis sanacvlod damrCa nawvimi

da mzis sanacvlod _ mzis aTinaTi.

verc sanaqebod vibediele,

SemosCvevia keras glovani,

gadaumalavT ZeZvebs, ielebs

mefis saZvale aTaswlovani.

dgas bediaSi kuStad taZari,

tanCamoSlili, miusafari,

aqamde sityvac Zvirad davZari,

misi kuTvnili da Sesadari.

ver davemsgavse rainds, jvarosans,

ver davixseni wminda adgili;

STamomavali rarig damlocavs,

Tuki wadilad damrCa wadili?

vxedav, mSobeli miwa momSivda,

momnatrebia belti mtkivani;

saTvalTvalodan mimzers, koSkidan,

gadamTieli, viRac ivani.

monatrebia yanas naduri,

venaxs _ gasxvla da keras _ danTeba,

SevCerebulvar bedumaduri,

veRar gamoSves mavTulxlarTebma.

is ki kvlav melis, rogorc meloda,

euli, mware fiqrSi garTuli...

arc klarjeTia saqarTvelo da...

bediac aRar aris qarTuli?!

sxvam daiCema feri am cisa,

verc afxazebma da verc egrebma,

magram warsuli vinc gaasxvisa,

mas momavalic aRar eqneba.

nu gikvirs, rom mWirs

soflis simdurve,

rom Zveleburad ar vilamprebi;

Tu Cemi saxli ver davibrune,

sad davasaxlo is winaprebi?!

rogor Cavxedo bagrats TvalebSi,

roca im qveynad gavemgzavrebi?

rogor aRvkveTo qaris TareSi

an davarisxo moqvis zarebi?!


an ilors mrevli viT davubruno,

vis valocvino wminda giorgi?

ra davaSave? me xom urwmuno

aRmarT-daRmarTiT ar movdiodi?!

Jamma TeTri dRe aRar gvaRirsa,

ver gavimeteT natvra samzeved

da Zvlebi mefis, damaSvralisa,

samareSiac ar movasveneT.

Zilma gansacdels ver agvarida,

TmeniT mSvidoba veRar gveRirsa,

amoxeTqila im samaridan

ajanyebuli borgva mefisa.

mwuxris mze adgas goras bagratis,

cxums da biWvinTas, anakofias,

qarTuli mze ki veRar dagvnaTis,

isic im mwuxris CrdilSi myofia.

SerCa bnelsa da sicarieles

da nasaxlarSi Cxavis yorani,

gadaumalavT ZeZvebs, ielebs

mefis saZvalec, aTaswlovani.

gamoacilebs mefes klarjeTi,

radgan bedia swored misia;

me ki enguris piras gavCerdi,

mere nabiji ver momicvlia.

xvalac, qarTvelo, Seni kvnesame,

ar dagvidgeba Jami daruli,

Tu daviviwyeT bagrat mesame,

aTasi wlis win aq dakrZaluli!

bagrat III-is cen tra lis tu ri po li ti kis ga mov li ne baa gu da vis sa e pis ko-

po sos moS la da mis ma gi er axa li ka Ted ris, be di is da ar se ba. ... da sav leT

sa qar Tve lo Si ber Znu li sa e pis ko po so e bis moS la da maT nac vlad axa li

qar Tu li sa e pis ko po se o e bis da ar se ba eg ris-af xaz Ta me fe e bis po li ti kis

er Ti mTa va ri sa kiT xi iyo.

g. lor Tqi fa ni Ze


... be di is ta Za ri, sa dac bag rat III-is fres kaa ga mo xa tu li, taZ riT xel Si,

ro gorc qti to ris, bag rat ma Ta vis saZ va led cno, da ro de sac is ta os myo fi

gar da ic va la, „war mo i Ro gu a mi mi si zvi ad man eris Tav man da da mar xa be di as“.

... be di is age ba, iq sa e pis ko po sos da ar se baa, me fis (al baT, mi si an der ZiT)

be di a Si dak rZal va me fe bag ra tis, er Ti a ni Sua sa u ku no va ni sa qar Tve los

pir ve li me fis ga ma er Ti a ne be li po li ti kis aS ka ra ga mo xa tu le baa. qu Ta-

i si da be dia, am sa qar Tve los mniS vne lo va ni cen tre bia.

m. lor Tqi fa ni Ze



siaxleebi:

1) stati is sa Ta u ri da nac kar gad Cans, rom gan sxva ve biT qar Tul is to ri og ra-

fi a Si mi Re bu li doq tri ni sa, rom bag rat III-is mi er Seq mni li sa me fo sa qar Tve los

sa xel mwi fo iyo, yve la Zi ri Ta di faq ti dan Tu we ri lo bi Ti wya ro dan das tur de ba,

rom bag rat III-is Ta na med ro ve sam ya ros Tvis da mis Sem de gac kar ga xniT is war mo-

ad gen da af xa ze Tis sa me fos – kav ka si u ri mas Sta bis sa xel mwi fos.

2) bag ra to van Ta aTas wlo van sa me fo di nas ti as, ro gorc qar Tve lu ri mod gmis

ga er Ti a ne bu li sa xel mwi fos sa me fo sag va re u los, sa fuZ ve li Ca u ya ra bag rat III-m,

af xa ze Tis sa me fos axal ma me fem, ro gorc Tvi Ton ve ac xa debs af xa ze Tis `me fe Ta

di va nis~ (i.j.) mi na wer Si da ra sac eqvT. Ta ya iS vi li sav se biT sa mar Tli a nad uwo debs

aqts, ma ni fests, rom li Tac bag rat III ac xa debs Ta vis ka no ni er ga me fe bas af xa zeT Si.

ma Sa sa da me, bag ra ti on Ta, ro gorc sa qar Tve los ga er Ti a ne bu li sa me fo di nas ti i sa,

ar se bo ba iw ye ba bag rat III-is af xa ze Tis me fed kur Txe vi dan – 978 wli dan.

3) da viT UIII ku ra pa la tis ad gi li sa da ro lis Se sa xeb kolx-ibe rul sa me-

fo-sam Tav ro Ta erT sa xel mwi fod ga er Ti a ne bis saq me Si uk ve di di xnis man Zil ze

sa ka ma Tod gam xdar sa kiT xTan da kav Si re biT: ker Zod, da viT III di di bi zan ti is ka-

ris erT-erT umaR les ti tuls ku ra pa la ti sas ar ata reb da for ma lu rad, ro gorc

Sem deg _ af xa ze Tis sa me fos me fe e bi, ara med Ta vi si me fo bis me o re na xe var Si, im pe-

ra tor ba si lis moZ li e re bis Sem deg, is iyo uf ro im pe ri is er Tgu li did mo xe le,

vid re Tun dac ta os `di di me fe~. ami tom, aqe dan mo yo le bu li ma inc, is mxo lod

uar yo fiT gav le nas ax den da bag rat III-is mi er sa me fo-sam Tav ro Ta er Ti an sa xel-

mwi fod ga er Ti a ne bis Tvis war mo e bu li brZo lis pro ce seb ze.

4) sta ti a Si aris mcde lo ba bag rat III-is me fo bi sa da moR va we o bis evo lu ci is

cal ke u li eta pe bis ga mo yo fi sa da maTs Ta vi se bu re ba Ta war mo Ce ni sa.

sta ti is da we ris sa ba bi:

pro tes ti: mra va la Tas wlo va ni kolx-ibe ru li mod gmis sa me fo Ta da xal xTa

er Ti an sa xel mwi fod – af xa ze Tad _ ga ma er Ti a ne be li mar Tlac di di me fis bag rat

III-is gar dac va le bi dan (cno bi li Ta ri Ri) aTa si wlis Ta vis aRu niS vne lo ba ara mar-

to sa xel mwi fos ùgu nu ro biT aR sav se~ mes ve ur Ta mi er, ara med amis way ru e ba mec-

ni er-is to ri kos Ta da ̀ hu ma ni tar Ta~ Tu, sa er To dac, far To sa zo ga do e bis mxri dan.

sa va la lo isaa, rom es xde ba iseT vi Ta re ba Si, ro ca af xa ze Ti da Si da qar Tli, im

er Ti a ni sa me fos or ga ni ze bis mTa va ri obi eq te bi, ara mar to oku pi re bu lia, ara med

af xa zeTs – am wmin da sa xels sa qar Tve los sa xel mwi fo eb ri o bis Se moq me di sas ar-

si Seh bRal via, sxva Si na ar si mi u Ria; sxva, im pe ri is ne ba- sur vi lis aR mas ru le be li

se pa ra tis tu li JRe ra do ba mis ce mia, Cven ki ulo gi kod da uaz rod ga Cu me bul ni

varT. amis ga mo Za li an ar min da Cems Tavs amis uf le ba miv ce, mag ram ase Ti ugu-

lis yu ro, uRir se bo qce ve bis Jams kacs Za la u ne bu rad gax sen de ba po e tis mi er di di

gu lis wyro miT Tqmu li: `fur Txis Rir si xar, Sen sa qar Tve lov~.

murman zaqaraia

bagrat mesamis mefobis etapebi


qarTveluri _ kolx-iberuli (kol-

xurSi yvelgan moviazrebT svanur-zanur

erTobas) modgmis metaistoriul Tu

istoriul warsulSi aSkarad ikveTeba

xangrZlivi periodebi, romlebSic Tval-

saCinod aisaxeba am modgmis erovnul-

kul turuli da politikuri (saxel-

mwi fo ebrivi) genezisisa da socialuri

ganviTarebis gzasavali.

yvela am etapisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia

is ZiriTadi ideuri da sarwmunoebrivi

Taviseburebani, romlebic gansakuT-

rebul adgils miuCens qarTul sazoga-

do ebas zogadsakacobrio istoriaSi. ap.

silagaZe aRniSnavs: Cven, rogori saxiTac

vyofiliyaviT warmodgenili msoflio

istoriis asparezze, yovelTvis viyaviT

saerTaSoriso politikisa da saerTa-

So r iso samarTlis subieqti1. es momenti

_ uwyvetad yofna msoflio istoriis

asparezze _ gansazRvravda Cvens kultu-

rul-sarwmunoebriv Tu socialur-poli-

tikur yofas da ayali bebda TviTmyofad

erovnul ideas.

qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis isto-

riis TvalsazrisiT, sruliad axali eta-

pi iwyeba bagrat III-is xanidan, ro desac

safuZveli Caeyara gaerTianebul samefos,

dafuZnebuls qristianocent ristulad

metamorfozebuli qarTve luri modgmis

uZveles civilizaciaze; is aTasi wlis

Semdegac didad gansaz Rvravs kolx-

iberul warsulSi fesveb gadgmul qar-

Tul erovnul TviTSegnebas da cocxlad

zemoqmedebs Cvens dRevan delobaze.

bagrat III-is epoqas ase gvixasiaTebs

am did mefeze erT-erTi srulfasovani

monografiuli Sromis avtori giorgi

mWedliZe: Cveni qveynis istoriam iSvia-

Tad Tu icis aseTi didi gardatexa. aseT

procesebSi, roca xdeba didi politik-

uri da ideologiur-kulturuli gar-

daqmnebi, isini gamoCenil pirovnebaTa

saxelebTanaa dakavSirebuli; am mxriv

bagrat III-s erT-erTi pirveli adgili

uWiravs saqarTvelos xangrZliv isto-

riaSi2.

mecnieri, garda bagrat III-is mier

samefo-samTavroebis politikur-saxel-

mwifoebrivi gaerTianebisa, xazgasmiT

miuTiTebs iseTi problemebis gadaw-

yvetaze, romelTa gareSec es gaerTianeba

efemeruli aRmoCndeboda da mefis mem-

kvidreebs yvelafris Tavidan dawyeba

mouxdebodaT, amitom gamaerTianebeli

mefis damsaxurebis gasaazreblad mrava-

li istoriuli aspeqtis mecnieruli

gamokvlevaa aucilebeli3. maSa sadame,

avtori bagrat III-is mier poli tikur,

socialur, samarTlebriv, kulturul-

sarwmunoebriv sferoebSi gatarebul

RonisZiebebs moiazrebs iseT funda me-

1. ap. sila gaZe, qarTuli idea, gv. 9 Tb., 2010 w.

2. g. mWedliZe, bagrat mesamis saqarTvelo, gv. 3.

Tb., 1996 w.3. g. mWedliZe, dasax naSromi, gv. 3.

* * *


ntur reformebad, romlebzedac daSenda

da ayvavda ganviTarebuli qar Tuli feo-

daluri saxelmwifoebrioba.

* * *

kolxur-iberuli modgmis xalxis

axleburi politikuri mowyobis diad

saqmes win uZRoda mravalsaukunovani

periodi kulturul-sarwmunoebrivi

Tanalmobisa. sarwmunoebisa da qar Tuli

sadamwerlobo enis Tanacxov re bis wesisa

da rigis erovnul idead koncentrireba

xdeba arabebTan orsau kune naxevrian br-

ZolaSi; amitom danam dvi lebiT SeiZleba

iTqvas, rom qarTuli idea iSva gareSe

mtrebTan brZolaSi, rogorc es moxda

gviandel etapebze sxva evropul idee-

bTan mimarTebaSi.

nacionalur ideebs, romlebzedac age-

bulia eri-saxelmwifos politikuri da

kulturuli struqtura, gaaCnia raRac

saerTo maxasiaTebeli. rogorc geo-

politikuri mimdinareobis erT-erTi

fuZemdebeli x. j. makinderi miiCnevs,

nacionaluri idea miiReba da myarad

fuZndeba saerTo ubedurebis winaaRmdeg

erToblivi brZolis aucileblobidan

gamomdinare. rogorc wesi, esaa gareSe

Zala.

magaliTad, inglisuri idea Cainerga

heptarqTa saxelmwifoSi danielTa da

normanTa dapyrobebis dros; franguli

idea _ hunebTan omebSi, agreTve erTma-

neTis moqiSpe frankebis, guTebisa da

romaelebis brZolaSi SalonTan, ufro

srulyofili saxe miiRo inglisTan

aswli ani omis procesSi; qristiano-

bis idea iSva romis imperiaSi pirvel-

qristianeTa daundobeli devnisas da

logikur srulyofas miaRwia jvaros-

nuli omebis epoqaSi~4. amis gaTvalis-

wi nebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom qarTuli

idea iSva arabebTan brZolaSi da sru-

lyofilebas miaRwia Turq-seljukebTan

xangrZliv omebSi brwyinvale gamar-

jvebiT. maSasadame, am procesebis Sede gad

formirdeba gene tikur-fsiqol o giur kav-

Sirze damyar ebuli idea da ku l tu ruli

urTier Tobis xarisxobrivad axleburi

erToba. am axali ideis da er TobisTvis

xorc Se sx misaTvis safuZ vlis Cayra RvTi-

uri bedisweriT ergo af xazTa samefos

da misi axali _ bagrationTa dinastiis

pirvel mefes, bagrat III-s.

amdenad, bagrat III-s wilad xvda, yofi-

liyo ara marto `mefe-gamaerTianebeli~,

axali samefos Semqmneli, aramed is aris

axali saxelmwifoebriv-politikuri

formis _ eri-saxelmwifos safuZvlis

Camyreli Sesabamisi kulturul-sarwmu-

noebrivi, samarTlebrivi da socialur-

politikuri TaviseburebebiT, romelTa

msgavsi Zireuli gardaqmnebi evropul

samyaroSi fexs ikidebs aRorZinebis

gvian etapze da dasrulebul saxes iR ebs

religiur-kulturuli reformaci eb isa

da didi revoluciebis etapebze.

zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare SeiZleba

davaskvnaT, rom bagrat III aris Tviso-

b rivad ganaxlebuli politikuri er-

Tobis _ saqarTvelos _ da misi Semoq medi

xalxis erovnuli erTobis _ qar Tvelis

_ realuri-politikuri sicocx lisken

gzis gamkvalavi didi mefe.

* * *

im Jamidan, roca bagrat III mefed

akurTxes da gaxda `mefe afxazTa~ _ le-

gitimuri gamgebeli mTeli dasavleT

saqarTvelosi da Sida qarTlisa (dRe van-

deli gagebiT), saqarTvelos isto riaSi

iwyeba gardamtexi etapi ara marto poli-

tikur-saxelmwifoebrivi Tval sazrisiT,

aramed ideurad da kultu ruladac. e. i.

iwyeba preistoriuli xanidan momdinare

iafetidi proto qa rTve lebis (protoev-

ropelebis) univer saluri mexsierebisa

4. m. zaqaraia, nar kvevi rusul ideaze, gv. 9, 113-114.

Tb., 2005 w.


da sakraluri enis mata rebeli genosis5

memkvidre kolx-iberuli modgmis qri sti-

a nocen tris t ul erTian erad for mirebis

axal safexurze ayvana.

arabebTan 250-wlian brZolaSi Sob-

ili idea erovnul-saxelmwifoebrivi

erTianobisa sazogadoebis udidesi

(progresuli) nawilisaTvis naTeli

da misaRebi xdeba da X saukunisTvis

prog ramul saxes iRebs. àm dros, bo-

los da bolos, unda SemuSavebuliyo

raciona luri politikuri programac,

romlis gansaxorcieleblad swored

axla dam dga riyo xelsayreli viTa reba~6.

Sesa bamisad, warmoCindnen iseTi poli-

tikuri moRva weebi, romlebmac arabTa

eqspansiis xana Si qarTveluri modgmis

erTianobis gamomxatveli giorgi mer-

Culi seuli for mulireba _ `qarTlad

friadi qve yanaÁ aRricxebis, romelsaca

Sina qar TuliTa eniTa Jami Seiwirvis

da loc vaÁ yoveli aResrulebis~ _ uf-

ro siR rmi seulad, zogad kolx-iberul

konteqs tSi gaiazres da misi praqtikaSi

ganxor cieleba daiwyes.

Teosofiuri sazrisis matarebeli es

Tezisi jer gardasaxes qristiano ce-

ntristul TviTmyofad, zogaderovnul

idead, mere ki mis safuZvelze Seqmnes

Tvisobrivad axleburi erToba kolx-

iberuli modgmisa erTiani politikur-

kulturul gaerTianebis _ saqarTvelos

saxelmwifos da misi saxelmdebelis _

qarTveli eris saxiT.

qarTveluri modgmis axlebur erTi an-

obad formirebis ideis evoluciis xan-

grZlivi procesis Tavisebureba naT lad

aisaxa ara marto gviandel istori ul

matianeebSi, aramed am procesebis Tan-

darTul qarTul agiografiul mwer-

lobaSic, romlebSic naTlad ikve Teba

sarwmunoebrivi da nacionaluri ideis

urTierTganpirobebuloba.

Cven zemoT davimowmeT giorgi merCu-

lis mier `qarTlis qveyanazed~ Tqmuli,

romelic miemarTeba calkeul wvril

`samTavro qveyanaTa~, lokalur erTeu-

lTa konsolidacias ufro msxvil

feodalur erTeulebad sarwmunoebriv

safuZvelze. marTlac, IX saukunis dasa-

wyisidan saqarTvelos mTel terito-

riaze iqmneba aseTi politikuri warmo-

naqmnebi7.

giorgi merCulis formuliT, `qar-

Tli~ ̀ qarTvelTa sakurapalatos~ irgv-

liv am `mcire qveynebis~ gaerTianebas

gulisxmobs; magram, mocemul SemTxvevaSi,

ufro mniSvnelovania am erTianobis

sulier-kulturuli safuZvlis upir-

obo warmoCena enisa da sarwmuneobis

saxiT. qarTuli ideis safuZvlad enisa

da rwmenis gaazreba gvaqvs giorgi mTaw-

mindelis ioanesa da eqvTimes cxovrebis

aRweraSic.

mamis, ioanes, RvTismSoblis taZarSi

mariamis xatis winaSe vedrebis Semdeg

sasikvdilod ganwirul yrma eqvTimes

gamoecxadeba RvTismSobeli da `mrqva

qarTuliTa eniTa~, rom àrara ars vneba

Sen Tana, aRdeg, nu geSinin da qarTulad

xsnilad ubnobdi~. am epizodSi aSkarad

ikveTeba ara marto eqvTimes gadar-

Cenis aucilebeli piroba _ xsnilad

ubnoba qarTul enaze, aramed isic, rom

igi etoleba merCuliseul formulas:

qar Tu liTa eniTa locvaÁ yoveli aRev-

linebis~. aseT ubnobaSi, qarTulad lo-

cvis aRvlenaSi aris gadarCena qarTuli

modgmisa. samSoblos moyvaruli eqvTime

`Zniad ubnobda qarTulad~, xolo `mier-

iTgan dauyeneblad, viTarc wyaro, aRmo-

dian uwmindes yovelTa qarTvelTasa~.

eqvTimesadmi Tqmuli miemarTeba erTi

genetikuri fuZidan momdinare mTel

modgmas. es ena, romliTac daiwyo ubneba

eqvTimem da, viTarc wyaro, moedinebis

misgan, es aris ̀ uwmides yovelTa qarTve-5. Sead. z. gamsaxur dia, werilebi, eseebi, gv. 35, Tb.,

1991 w.6.saqar Tvelos istoria: uZvelesi droidan 2009

wlamde; gv. 178, Tb., 2012 w.7. iqve, gv. 169.


lTasa~ ena, sadamwerlobo _ saeklesio

ena, suliwmidis madliT mocemuli da

RvTismSoblis mfarvelobaSi myofi.

qarTveluri modgmis gadarCena maTs

erTobaSia, misi piroba ki am kurTxeuli

eniT Tavisuflad laparaksa da locvis

aRvlenaSia. ̀ maSasadame, maSin qarTulad

ubnoba niSnavda qarTvelobis SenarCun-

ebas da aucilebel atributs warmoad-

genda eris arsebobisTvis~8.

ase yalibdeboda idea kolx-iberuli

modgmis erTian erad da feodalur sa-

xelmwifod formirebisa. magram manamde

gasavleli iyo urTulesi gza poli ti-

kuri dapirispirebis gadalaxvis, socia-

l uri da kulturuli gardaqmnebisa.

* * *

genetikur _ sisxliT naTesaur kav-

Si r u rTierTobaze dafuZnebuli iden-

tobis formirebis mravalsaukunovani

procesebis poetur gaazrebas warmo-

adgens ioane zosimes `qebaÁ da didebaÁ

qarTulisa enisaÁ~, sadac simboluradaa

asaxuli am uZvelesi modgmis enisa da

sarwmuneobis safuZvelze erTian erad

evolucionirebis gardauvloba, rac

aisaxa ènis kurTxeulobis~, `meored

mosvlis~ da a.S. metaformebSi. maSasa-

dame, am himnSi ènaÁ qarTulze~ gveZleva

kvintesencia im kulturul-istoriuli

mocemulobebisa, romlebic win uZRoda

qarTveluri modgmis erad formirebisa

da eri-saxelmwifos Camoyalibebis diad

saqmes. zviad gamsaxurdia wers: ̀ amrigad,

ioane zosimes `qebaÁ~ exeba ara mxolod

qarTul enas, rogorc aseTs, aramed

qarTvel ers, qarTul eTnoss, mis kul-

turul-istoriul misias~9.

uZvelesi kolx-iberuli modgmis

am `kulturul-istoriuli~ ideis _

erad da saxelmwfoebrivad formirebis,

cxovrebaSi ganxorcielebis misia, RvTis

nebiT, ergo àfxazTa samefos~ da misi

axali, legitimuri dinastiis Semqmnel

monarqs _ bagrat III bagrations.

* * *

bagrat III-is politikur-saxelmwi-

foebriv moRvaweobis (mematianeTa mier

aRwerilis) logikas Tu mivyvebiT, da-

vinaxavT, rom mis saqmianobaSi aSkarad

ikveTeba garkveuli dasrulebuli peri-

odebi. Tu ar CavTvliT misi arasrul-

wlovanebis Jams, qarTlis mmarTvelad

yofnas daviT III-is gangebulobiT da

ded-mamis meurveobiT, rac tyveobiTa da

iqidan mamobilis ZalisxmeviT gamoxsniT

damTavrda, maSin pirvel periodad SeiZ-

leba CaiTvalos, qarTlis aznaurebis

`sak uTar qerqSi Cayeneba~ guranduxt de-

do flis afxazeTSi Camoyvana Teodosis

(Zveli dinastiis) taxtidan CamoSoreba,

ordinastiuli mmarTvelobis moSla da

axali _ bagrationTa dinastiis dafu-

Zneba afxazTa samefos taxtze, saxelmwi-

foebrivi mowyobis reorganizebis daw-

yeba. es procesi mematianes ase aqvs aR-

werili: bagrat afxazTa mefeman aR uzaxna

spaTa TvsTa, movides da Seibnes. iotna

qarTvelni: sxuani meotni gardai xvewnes

da daifaCnes. movida ufliscixes, aRiRo

cixe dedisgan Tvsisa; ganagna mcired

saqmeni qarTlisani; wariyvana deda TÂsi

da warvida afxazeTs. viTarc xelovanman

menavTmoZRvarman ganago yoveli saqme

afxazeTisa. amxilis urCni da misa adgi-

las ganadidis erTguli da misandobeli

Tvis10. amasTan, igive mematiane aRwers

pirovnul Tvisebebs, romlis wyalobiTac

bagratma SeZlo urTulesi dinastiuri

problem ebis mSvidobianad mogvareba.

faqti erTia, rom man dedis quTaisSi

gadmo yvaniT da mTeli cxovrebis man-

Zilze gverdiT dayenebiT didi goniereba

8. Zveli qar T uli literaturis Zeglebi, wina sit-

yva oba, iv. lolaSvili, gv. 11, Tb., 1978 w.9. zviad gamsaxurdia, dasax. naSromi, gv. 4. 10. qarTlis cxovreba, gv. 213-214, Tb., 19-- w.


gamo iCina da ara marto ormefoba moSala,

aramed es sakiTxi srul kanonier Car-

CoSi moaqcia, rasac, rogorc Cans, ori

weli moandoma da Semdeg ̀ iwyo gangebad

da ganmartebad yovelsa saqmesa msgavsad

pa pisa misisa, didisa giorgi mefisa.

gamogzavna Teod osi mefe dedis Zma misi

taos winaSe da viT kuropalatisa, rameTu

es saqme gamonaxa umjobesad, rame Tu sa-

soeba keTilisa, gina SiSi uweso bisaTvs

mis mimarT aqundes~11. Teodosis daviT

kura palatTan gagzavniT man, rogorc

mema tianis naTqvamidan Cans, mospo aq

raRa cnairad arsebuli uwesoba. Tu am

or movlenas erTobliobaSi gaviazrebT,

es imas unda gulisxmobdes, rom Teo-

dosis karze arsebuli es ùwesobani~

raRac na irad kavSirSi iyo mis warsul-

Tan, roca is bizantiidan wamosuli Tu

gamo gzavnili daupirispirda Tavis Zmas

deme tres da saSinel ZmaTamkvlel brZo-

lebs daudo safuZveli. e.i. bagratma is

gaagzavna iqiT, saidanac movida da dai wyo

biza ntiis mier aq Canergil mstov arTa

da proimperiuli, antisaxel mwifo ebrivi

Zalebis amoZirkva.

* * *

meore periodi iwyeba rati baRva-

Sis winaaRmdeg galaSqrebiT: `Sekriba

ucnaurad TÂsi yoveli bagrat mefeman,

gamovida qarTls; eneba Sepyroba rati

erisTavisa~12. es aris gagrZe leba `yov-

l isa saqmisa ganmarTebisa~ dadgineba

`Si Sisa uwesobisa~-Tvis, urCTa moTvin-

ierebisa, e.i. Sidasaxelmwifoe brivi

wesrigis gamtkicebisa. rati, ro gorc

qarTlis aznaurni, urCi feodalia, àra

morCilebda keTilad bagrat mefesa~13.

rogorc zemoT vnaxeT, miuxedavad imisa,

rom mis am sruliad kanonier ganzraxu-

lobas didi winaaR mdegoba Sexvda, man am

saqmes brwyinvaled gaarTva Tavi, rati

argveTs daabruna, xolo àfxazTa same-

fos~ Semoumtkica TavaSvebuli feoda-

lis mier mitacebuli samxreTis miwa-

wyali. am saqmes man ori weli moandoma.

miuxedavad amisa, misi xeliT sisxli ar

daRvrila. amis Semdeg, rogorc pirvel

etapze, garkveuli xani am axlad Semom-

tkicebuli miwebis mo wyobasa da, dRevan-

deli terminologiiT, afxazTa samefoSi

mis srul integ rirebas dauTmo. sayura-

d Reboa is, rom bagrati ki ar eswrafvis

sul axal-axali miwebis dauflebas,

rogorc es adre xdeboda, roca brZola

brZolas, omi oms erToda xolme da

sinamdvileSi orive mxare zaraldeboda,

qveyana Canagdeboda, genofondi iRupeb-

oda, yvelaferi uazro sisxlisRvriT

sruldeboda. bagrat mefem am mxrivac

sruliad axleburi wesi da rigi daam-

yara. is axali miwebis SemoerTebis

Semdeg Zalze did dros uTmobs ara

marto politikur integ rirebas, aramed

aRmSeneblobisa da Sida mowesrigebis

sakiTxsac. amitom qveynis gaerTianebis

es procesi, im periodis SesaZleblobaTa

farglebSi, maRal humanitarul doneze

mimdinareobs.

mematianis TqmiT, bagratma amjeradac

urCni Tvisni Secvalna da adgilTa maTTa

daadgina erTgulni da moswrafed mor-

Cilni misTa. es xazgasmiT aRniSnavs mis

am gonivrul saqmianobas dabru nebuli

miwebis srulad inkorporir ebisas. `da

waremata yovelTa mefeTa afxazeTisa da

qarTlisaTa yovliTa gangebiTa~14.

* * *

Tu mivyvebiT Cven mier SemoTa vaz-

ebuli periodizaciis qronologiasa da

movlenaTa ganviTarebis logikas, maSin

mesame periodi moicavs daviT kurapa-

latis gardacvalebasTan dakavSirebiT

dawyebul movlenebs gurgen mefeTa-mefis

gardacvalebamde da bagrat mesa mis mier

Zalauflebis xelSi aRebamde. rogorc

11. iqve, gv. 218.12. iqve, gv. 219.13. iqve, gv. 219.

14. iqve, gv. 219.


iv. javaxiSvili wers, 1008 wels garda-

icvala gurgen mefe da bagrati èufla

taos~-ac15 (15. iqve, gv. 131). maSasadame, am aT-

wleulSi xdeba bagrat III-is mier mTeli

misi samemkvidreo miwa-wylis af xazeTis

samefosTan mierTeba da mTeli Zalau-

flebis àfxazTa mefis~ xelSi ko ncen-

trireba. ucnobi mematiane am movle nebs

ufro detalurad gadmo gvcems, romelSic

srulyofilad gveZ leva am procesebis

Tanadrouli aRqma: `gardai cvala ese

gurgen mefeT-mefe, Ze bagrat qarTvela

mefisa, qoronikosa s-k-À, da dauteva Ze ese

TÂsi bagrat, af xazTa mefe, kuropalati

didi, da eufla taos mamulsa TÂssa da

daipyra kavka siis TviTmpyrobelobiTa

jiqeTidgan vidre gurgenamde~16.

Cvens istoriografiaSi mematianis am

cnobisadmi araerTgvarovani damokideb-

uleba damkvidrda; ufro xSirad `mas

mometebulad da gadaWarbebulad~ miiC-

neven. magram amaze sxva adgilas; amjerad

CvenTvis sainteresoa erTi udavo faqti,

rom momavali saqarTvelos miwa-wylis

ZiriTadi fondis gaerTianeba moxda af-

xazeTis samefos da misi axali _ bagra-

tionTa dinastiis irgvliv.

am udidesi, istoriuli mniSvnelobis

sakiTxis mogvarebas bagrat ̀ afxazTa me-

fis~ did politikur niWsa da saxelm wi-

foebriv alRos unda umadlodes STamo-

mavloba. man amis gakeTeba SeZlo, rogorc

ityvian, samarTlebrivi nor me bis dacviT,

misi xeliT. amitomacaa, rom am ocdaaT-

wliani moRvaweobis (978-1008) manZilze,

mis saxelmwifos aseT Tanami mdevrul

gaZlierebas gafacicebiT adevnebdnen

Tvalyurs rogorc erTmor wmune imperia,

aseve arabTa xalifatis adgilas sokoe-

biviT amosuli mahmadi anuri qveynebi. iv.

javaxiSvilis gansaz RvrebiT, àxla ki

bagrat III gaxda mefeT-mefe, afxazTa da

qarTvelTa mefed~17 (17. iqve, gv. 131). mema-

tianes _ daviT sumbatis Zis TqmiT ki, is,

`yoveli kavkasiis TviT mpyrobeli~, aris

afxazTa mefe da amasTan, imperiis mier

aRiarebuli _ `didi kuro palati~. ase

unda gavigoT mematianis mier Tqmuli da

ara ise, TiTqosda is calkea srulufle-

biani mefe afxazeTisa da calke _ raRac

SezRuduli uflebis matarebeli ̀ qarT-

velTa qveyanis~ kura pa lati.

* * *

bagrat III-is gamaerTianebeli saqmi-

anobis meoTxe periodi ZiriTadad ori

mimarTulebiT warimarTa. mematianis

TqmiT, Sida saqmeebis mowyobis parale-

lurad man `ganamravla laSqari TÂsi

umetes yovlisa Jamisa~18 da gadmovida

spiTa TÂisiTa qarTls. kaxeTis qorep-

is koposs daviTs SeuTvala, marto qarT-

lis cixeebi, rac mitacebuli gaqvs,

damib runeTo19. amdenad, àfxazTa me-

fis~ meoTxe etapis samxedro-politi-

kuri saqmianoba ZiriTadad mimarTulia

aRmosavleT isken da miznad isaxavs ara

marto kaxeT-hereTis miwebis SemoerTebas,

aramed zogadad _ kavkasi uri politi-

kis Semu Savebas, rogorc es Seefereba

regiona luri masStabis cen tra li zebul

sa mefos, amitom poli tikis veqtori mim-

arTulia mahmadianuri samyarosken, raTa

postxalifatur _ axlad gadanawile-

bul samyaroSi afxa zeTis kolx-iberu-

lma samefom Tavisi kuTvnili adgili

daikavos.

meore mimarTuleba, aranakleb mniSv-

nelovani, aris damoukidebeli, centra-

li zaciisken mimswrafi samefos Sesa-

ferisi kulturul-aRmSeneblobiTi

saqmianoba, ayvanili zogad saxelmwi-

foebriv donemde. amitom bagratis taZ ris

g. mWedliZiseuli Sefaseba, rom `gaer-

15. qarTlis cxovreba, gv. 131.16. iqve, gv. 290.

17. iqve, gv. 131.

18. iqve, gv. 220.

19. iv. javaxiSvili, dasax. naSromi, gv. 131.


Tianebis epoqis qarTuli sazoga do ebis

sulieri kulturis donis mate ri aluri

gansaxiereba iyo~20, srulad Seesabam-

eba mefe gamaerTianeblis saaR mSe neblo

poli tikas.

* * *

ucnobi mematiane mogviTxrobs: qarT-

lSi gadmosulma bagratma, romelic

`war emata yovelTa mefeTa~, wargzavna

moci quli kaxeTs da iTxova, maT mier

didi xnis ganmavlobaSi pyrobili ci-

xeebi ukan daebrunebinaT. magram, maT ar

inebes mocema cixeTa da SemoTvales:

ùke Tu eZieb cixeTa, iyos Cuen Soris da-

ma jerebel mklavi da omi. xolo me wina

mogegebo qsansa zeda~21.

bagrati am dros imyofeboda dlivs da

`ganagebda saqmeTa taosa da qar TlisaTa~,

radgan gurgen mefe axali micvalebuli

iyo. ra Tqma unda, kaxelTa aseTma pasuxma

friad gaanawyena mefe. miT umetes, rom

memkvidreobiT ekuTvnis, magram, samwux-

arod, mis am gonier, saxelmwifoebrivad

gamarTul politi kas upirispirdeba feo-

daluri, zRvarga dasuli Tavxedoba da

anCxloba. amitom, rogorc saqarTvelos

istoriis saunive rsiteto saxelmZR-

vaneloSia Tqmuli, Tavisi xelisufleba,

rogorc dasavleT da aRmosavleT saqa-

rTvelos realuri mefisa, mas TviTon

unda moepovebina da moipova kidec22,

magram ara ise, rogorc iq ve, artanujel

_ klarj xelmwifeTa ambis aRwerisasaa

Tqmuli, rom qveynis gaerTianebisa da

xelisuflebis centra li zaciisTvis

bagrati araviTar saSua l ebas ar erideb-

oda23. swored rom, bag rati Tavis mefobis

yvela etapze moqme debs kanonierebis far-

glebSi, yvela memkvid re obiTi sakiTxis

gadawyvetas cdilobs mSvidobiani gziT,

mudam imis cdaSia, Tavi aaridos uazro

sisxlis Rvras da kide vac aRwevs mas,

ramdenadac es SesaZ lebeli iyo im ur-

Tules xanaSi. ase iyo amjeradac, magram

mis mSvidobian iniciativasa da kanonier

moTxovnas win ugunurobis yru kedeli

daxvda. amitom bagratma `gagzavna kaci

moswrafed, awÂa spaTa afxazeTisa da

qarTlisaTa, da TÂTa waremarTa zemoTa

laSqriTa, gaiara TrialeTi, gavlo xidi

mcxeTisa da moer Tnes Tana afxazni da

qarTvelni. dadga TianeTs, da iwyo Semus-

vrad kaxe Tisa~24. am wyaroze dayrdnobiT,

iv. ja vaxiSvili adgens, rom es brZola

kaxeTi sTvis or wels gagrZe lebula.

kaxeTSi Casulma bag ratma daipyra hereTi

da iq Tavisi mTavari abulali ganaCina.

magram gaemgzavra Tu ara is Sinisken, ma-

Sinve he reTi gadaudga axal batons da

daviT qorepiskoposs miemxro. bagrati

iZuleb uli gaxda kvlav Seegrovebina

laSqari da gamoel aSqra kaxeT-hereTSi.

mematianis cnobiT, `kacni hereTisani

mierTnes daviTs. aRiRo daviT hereTi.

aqedan, mcire xanSi miicvala is da

gamefda misi Svili kÂrike~25. amasobaSi

bagrati Semovida kaxeTs ̀ ZaliTa misiTa

miuwvdomeliTa~. xel axla daipyra her-

eTi, daiWira dinar dedofali da kax-

eTis cixeebis aRebas Seudga. ori wlis

ganmavlobaSi yvela simagre aiRo. xolo

boWormis cixeSi `wliTi wlamde~ mom-

wyvdeuli kÂirike damorCileboda. mefem

kaxeTidan wamoi yvana kÂrike da, rogorc

mematiane ambobs, ̀ (da)imWira TÂssa karsa

zeda~. amgvarad, bagrat mefem ori wlis

ganmavlobaSi mTeli kaxeT-hereTi dai-

pyra da Tavis samflobelos SemouerTa.

maSasadame, kaxeTis SemoerTeba 1010

wlisTvis momxdara26 bagrat III-is es sam-

flobelo ki afxaz eTis samefoa.

batoni ivanes TqmiT, àxla ki TiTq-

20. g. mWedliZe, dasax. naSromi, gv. 6.21. qarTlis cxovreba, gv. 20.22. saqarTvelos istoria, dasax. gamoc., gv. 257.23. iqve, gv. 261.

24. iqve, gv. 220.25. qarTlis cxovreba, gv. 220.26. iv. javaxiSvili, dasax. naSromi, gv. 131.


mis mTeli saqarTvelo gaerTianebuli

iyo: q. Tbilisisa da Sulaver _ bolni-

sis xeobaTa da taSiris garda erTeul

saxel mwifos Seadgenda~27. am gaerTianeb-

uli samefos mefe da axali dinastiis

fuZemdebeli bagrat III bag rationis

titulaturaa: mefe afxa zTa da qarT-

vel Ta. am Jamidan is erTaderTi mefea

gaerTianebuli qveynisa.

iqmneba Sesabamisi titulatura, rome-

lic asaxavs mefis Zalauflebis xarisxs.

mematiane am princips ganuxrelad icavs.

is bagrat mefis mimarT xmarobs mxolod

epi Tets `didi~. fadlonis Tavxedobis

gamo mefis reaqcias ase aRwers: ìxila

ra didman mefeman~ (xazi yvelgan Cvenia.

_ m.z.) bagrat kadniereba misi, SeZr wun-

da...~28 iqve ase aRwers ranis dapyrobas:

àm an didman... mefeman bagrat warmotyu ena

qveyana ranisa,...~. sxvagan: àmanve did-

man mefeman aRaSena saydari bediisa, da

Seqmna saydrad saepiskoposod~29. igive

mematiane ase aRwers mis ralur mdgoma-

reobas gaerTianebul qveyanaSi: àravin

yofil ars sxua mefe msgavsi misi queya-

nasa qarTlisasa da afxazeTisasa~30.

maSa s adame, yovelgvari komentarebis

gareSe cxadia, rom memati ani sTvis, ibe-

riis samefos memkvidre qar T lia, xolo

lazeTisa (kolxeTis) _ afxazeTi, dRes

am gaerTianebul qveynebs hyavs erTi mefe,

`mefe afxazTa~ _ bagrat III. amitom didi

ivane javaxiSvilis mier Tqmuli, rom

gurgenis gardacvalebis (1008 w.) Semdeg:

èxla ki bagrat III gaxda mefeTa-mefed,

afxazTa da qarTvelTa mefed, arRvevs

istoriul realobas da ufro Seefa-

rdeba reaqcioner feoda lTa ramdenamde

`wvril-wvril~ survi lebs, vidre im xa-

nis progresul Sexedu lebebs da mis gan-

maxorcielebel sazo gadoebas, rom lis

rigebSi unda movi azroT Cveni mema tiane.

am mematianis mimarT ndoba sayove-

lTaoa. iv. javaxiSvilis TqmiT, avtors

xelT hqonia mniSvnelovani wyaroebi,

gansakuTrebiT bagrat III-is Sesaxeb unda

hqonoda uxvi da vrceli cnobebi, imaze

meti, rasac is Cven gvawvdis, amas TviT-

onac mkafiod gvamcnobs bagratis daxa-

si aTebis dros31 . maSasadame, gamoTqmuli

mosaz rebani, TiTqosda is rames amateb-

des da azviadebdes real obas, arafriT

dasturdeba, piriqiT, avtori, mTel rig

mizezTa gamo, albaT teqnik uriTac,

Tezisurad gadmogvcems bagratis did

saqmeebs. amitom dauSve belia dairRves

istoriuli movlenaTa mis mier agebuli

konstruqcia.

amdenad, 1010 wlisTvis bagrat III aris

gaerTianebuli saxelmwifos _ afxaz-

eTis erTaderTi mefe da ara mefeT-mefe

saTanado titulaturiT: mefe afxazTa

da qarTvelTa, rasac Semdeg emateba

`kaxTa da herTa, ranTa~. aq daculia

gaerTianebis mimdinareobis qronologia,

titula tu raSi `ranTa~ mefis wodebad

gaCena cxa dad miuTiTebs albaneTis

didi nawilze bagrat III-is kompetenciis

gavrcele baze~32. maSasadame, aRmosav-

leTiT gafar To ebis am etapze, axlad

formirebadi saxelmwifos ofi cialuri

saxelwo debaa afxazeTis same fo, rogo-

radac mas moixseniebs TviTon bagrati

àfxazTa divnis~ minawerSi.

* * *

bagratis aRmosavluri politika

kaxeT-hereTis SemomtkicebiT ar dasru-

lebula. iv. javaxiSvili brZanebs: bag rat

mefe iZulebuli iyo, ranSic gae la Sqra.

am process mematiane ase gadmo gvcems:

mas Jams gandidna fadlon, amira ganZisa,

iwyo kirTebad erisTavTa her eTisa da

kaxeTisaTa, JamiT-Jamas meko breobiT da 27. iqve, gv. 131.28. qarTlis cxovreba, gv. 221.29. iqve, gv. 222.30. iqve, gv. 222.

31. iv. javaxiSvili, 1977, 205-206, g. mWedliZe gv. 12.32. g. mWedliZe, dasax. naSromi, gv. 6.


parviT rbevad da tyvevnad adgiliTi

adgilad. ixila ra ese kadni ereba misi,

didad SeZrwunda bagrati da didi mefe

ganemzada yovliTa spiTa misiTa; warg-

zavna mociquli winaSe gagik SahinSa

somexTa mefisa; moiwvia is raTa iZios

Suri fadlonze. man sixaruliT miiRo es

mowveva da mTeli Tavisi spiT wamoemarTa

da movida winaSe bagrat afxazTa mefisa33.

mematianis cnoba kidev erTxel adastu-

rebs Cvens mosazrebas, rom bagratis mier

gaerTian ebuli qveyana afxazeTia. amas

niSnavs Tqmuli: gagik SahinSa somexTa

mefe mov ida `winaSe afxazTa mefisa~.

maSasadame, afxazeTis samefo warmoa-

dgens mTavar warmmarTvel Zalas mTeli

kavkasiis masStabiT. aqedan moyolebuli

bagrat III-is politikuri saqmianoba

iRebs saerTaSoriso masStabebs, saero

da saxelmwifoebriv urTierTobebTan er-

Tad wina planze gamodis sarwmu noebrivi

urTierTobani da sul sxva xarisxSi ahy-

avs afxazeTis samefos adgi li da roli

kavkasiisa da axlo aRmosa vleTis mTel

sivrceSi.

mematianis mier Tqmuli, rom gagik

mefem Turme `ganizraxa sixaruliTa

didiTa~, ara marto imitom rom `fad-

loni masac ecileboda da emtereboda

xolme~, rogorc asoRiki gvamcnobs34,

aramed, qarTveli, ùcnobi mematianes~

TqmiT am samxedro kavSirs sarwmunoeb-

rivi safuZvelic hqonia. is wers: ̀ Sek rbis

ornive Zora kerts; mimarTes fad lons,

didad ganlaRebulsa, moZulesa qris-

tianeTsasa, romeli _ igi yovliT urT

eZiebad war wymedasa yoveliTa juar-

ismsaxurTasa~35. es Zalze mniSv nelo vani

cnobaa fadlonis winaaRmdeg am gaerTi-

an ebuli brZolis brZolaze mizezze.

samwuxarod, mas TiTqmis ar eqceva yur-

adReba, arada, es cnoba aSkaras xdis, rom

afxazeTis gaerTianebuli saxel mwifo

postxalifatur kavkasiaSi qris tianuli

sarwmunoebis mTavar damcvel Zalad

gvevlineba, rac, Tavis mxriv, gviCvenebs

bagrat III-is saeklesio aRm Seneb lobis

ara marto ideur, aramed politikur

miznebsac.

zorakertidan daZruli afxazeTisa

da SahinSa somxeTis laSqari SeiWra

fadlonis sabrZanebelSi. daipyres mTe-

li qveyana ranisa, miadgnen qalaq Sam-

qors. `daudgna filakvanni, da mci redTa

dReTa dalewnes zRudeni Sanqo risani~36.

qalaqi dacemis piras iyo. `xvalisa dRe

eguleboda Semu svrad~37, amitom imave Ra-

mes fad lonma gamougzavna mociqulni

bagrats, iTxova Sendoba; ̀ aRuTqva dReTa

Sina sicocxlisa misisaTa msaxureba,

gaukeTa xaraja da dauwera Tavis-TaviTa

laSq roba mterTa misTa zeda~38. bag ratma

moiwvia didebulebi da hkiTxa rCeva, maT

dazaveba urCies da mefec daeTanxma. gaa-

bruna fadlonis mociquli da imis piriT

ganZis amiras àuwya zavisa das turi~. es

laSqroba 1010-1014 w. unda momxdariyo,

fiqrobs iv. javaxiSvili39.

fadlonma zavis yoveli piroba sru-

lad aRasrulao, gvamcnobs Cveni wyaro:

àRasrula yoveli igi, sityvaTa Tqmuli,

saqmiT~40. maSasadame, am xnidan ganZis

saamiro qarTvelTa qveSevrdomi gaxda,

riTac safuZveli Caeyara afxa zeTis

samefos zogadkav kasiur statuss, rac

gagrZelda misi saqa rTvelos feo dalur

monarqiad garda qmnis Semdgom xanebSic,

bagrat III-m da Slis piramde misuli àf-

xazTa samefo~ aqcia kavka si uri masSta-

bis centrali zebul saxel mwifod.

maSasadame, misi aRmo savluri politika

warmatebiT dagvirgvinda. win axali per-

speqtivebi isaxeboda.

33. qarTlis cxovreba, gv. 221,.34. iv. javaxiSvili, dasax. naSromi, gv. 132.35. qarTlis cxovreba, gv. 221.

36. iqve, gv. 221.37. iqve, gv. 221.38. iqve, gv. 221.39. iv. javaxiSvili, dasax. naSromi, gv. 132.40. qarTlis cxovreba, gv. 132.


* * *

es, fexze mtkiced damdgari, kavkasi-

uri masStabis damoukidebeli qveyana, am

regionSi qristianeTmoZuleTa `risxva~

da `yovelTa juarismsaxurTaTa~ mfar-

veli, axla ukve Seecdeboda erTmorwmune

imperiasTan gaerkvia ara marto teri-

toriuli urTierToba da sazRvrebis

sakiTxi, aramed Tavisi kuTvnili adgili

daekavebina marTlmadidebel saqris-

tianoSi. amis damamowmebeli mravali

faqtia mocemuli qarTuli agiogra fiul

mwerlobaSi, erTi mxriv, da, meorec amaze

mianiSnebs am bolo etapis bagrat III-is

kulturul-aRmSeneblobiTi da saekle-

sio~ religiuri politika.

amis dasturi unda iyos is faqti, rom

Cveni sityvaZunwi ̀ ucnobi mematiane~ mah-

madianur ranTa saamirosTan omis ambebi-

dan pirdapir gadadis saeklesio aRmSene-

blobiT saqmeTa aRweraze. es Zalze mniS-

vnelovani momentia, vinaidan bizantias

kolx-iberul samefo- samTav roebTan ara

marto uflebrivi da teritoriuli pre-

tenziebi hqonda da Tavisi formaluri

gavlenis Senar Cunebas cdilobda (Ta-

visi gavlenis sferod miiCnevda), rasac

is axerxebda kidec saimperio wodebaTa

`boZebiT~ Tu mimarTvis wesiT, aramed

agreTve cdil obda, xelidan ar gaeSva

sarwmunoebrivi sadaveebi da mcxeTis

avtokefaliuri sapatriarqos gavlena

SeezRuda, ierar qiulad daeqvemdebare-

bina konstan tinopolis sapatriarqosT-

vis. amis prete nzia antioqiasac hqonda,

Tumca es impe riis ganzraxulobas didad

ver Seu Slida xels, radganac antioqia

TviT onac imperiis ganuyofel erTeuls

warmoadgenda.

religiur-sarwmunoebrivi politi-

kis TvalsazrisiT berZnuli eklesiis

gavlena, ra Tqma unda, ufro Zlieri iyo

lazTa samefos samemkvidreo teri to-

riebze, sadac didi xniT RvTismsaxureba

ZiriTadad berZnul enaze mimdinar eobda,

gansakuTrebiT aq bizantiis spar seTze

gamarjvebis Semdeg, vidre arabTa mom-

Zlavrebamde; ris Semdeg ufro qar Tul-

elinuri saeklesio msaxurebasTan gvaqvs

saqme.

berZnulenovani RvTismsaxureba al-

baT ufro zRvispira zolSia mosalo-

dneli, sadac berZnuli mosaxleoba _

vaWar-xelosnebi _ ufro mZlavrad iyo

fexmokidebuli, vidre Sida raionebSi.

amitom bagrat III-isTvis, rogorc kolx-

iberuli samyaros gamaerTianebeli

monarqisTvis, saeklesio-sarwmunoebrivi

problemebis mogvareba da misi erTiani

saxelmwifos farglebSi moqceva erTi

upirvelesi sakiTxTagani unda yofil iyo

Tavneba didebul-aznaurTa moTok visa da

maTi kanonierebis farglebSi moqcevis

Semdeg.

amdenad, Tamamad SeiZleba iTqvas,

gaerTianebuli samefos fuZemdebeli

mefe iyo ara marto saxelmwifos kanon-

mdeblobis Semqmneli da reformatori,

aramed is cdilobs Tavi daaRwios bi-

zantiis eklesiis gavlenas da qristi-

anuli sarwmunoeba Seuxamos ukve mom-

wifebuli erovnuli TviTSegnebis do nes,

is gaxados axali saxelmwifoebrivi

ideis sulier-makonstruirebel Zalad,

amitom bagrati aris qarTuli eklesiis

axlebur yaidaze gardaqmnis fuZemdeb-

eli, rac sabolood aRasrula daviT

aRmaSenebelma Tavis mier Seqmnili saqar-

Tvelos saxelmwifos farglebSi.

amdenad, bagrat àfxazTa mefis~ xe-

liT eyreba safuZveli ara marto gaer-

Tianebuli feodaluri monarqiis Seqm-

nas kavkasiaSi, aramed, sinamdvileSi, misi

didi RvawebiT iwyeba qarTuli eklesiis

qristianuli sarwmunoebis forpostad

gadaqceva mahmadianuri samya ros Crdi-

lo-aRmosavleT mijnaze.

* * *

maSasadame, rogorc zemoTac iTqva,

bagrat III am etapze gansakuTrebul

yuradRebas aqcevs kulturul da sar-

wmunoebriv sakiTxebs, gansakuTrebiT

saeklesio aRmSeneblobiT saqmianobas.

mematianis cnobiT, bagrat III-m bediaSi

aago taZari, gudavidan aq gadmoitana

saepiskoposo kaTedra da is Sesaferisad


uzrunvelyo materialurad, Seswira mas

soflebi da xevebi.

bagrat III-is saeklesio-saaRmSeneblo

saqmianobis aRweras mematiane iwyebs

swored bediis taZris agebisa da misi

daniSnulebis gadmocemiT. is wers:

àmanve didman mefeman aRaSena saydari be-

diisa, da Seqmna saydrad saepiskoposod,

Sewirna sofelni mravalni yovelTa

xevTa da adgilTa, ganasrula yovliTa

gangebiTa, Seamko yovliTa samkauliTa

eklesia, akurTxa da dasva episkoposi~41.

bagratis saeklesio saq mianobaze sxva

cnobebi romc ar gvqondes, esec kmara

mTeli rigi logikuri das kvnebis gasa-

keTeblad.

albaT esaa gardamtexi momenti saek-

lesio da saxelmwifo xelisufalTa

urTierTobaSi. am etapze mefe aregu-

lirebs religiur saqmianobasac. is

Zveleburad ar uSvebs sasuliero

ierarqiis zomaze metad Carevas mefis

(saxelmwifos) saqmianobaSi. is sinqro-

nulad warmarTavs rogorc saero

mowyobis, aseve saeklesio reformirebis

sakiTxs, pirvel rigSi, eklesiis centra-

lizaciisa da erTiani RvTismsaxurebis

wesis dadginebisas, kerZod, berZnul

enaze RvTismsaxurebis moSlas, mTeli

samefos farglebSi RvTismsaxurebisa

da kanonikuri saqmianobis qarTul

sadamwerlobo-saliteraturo enaze

gadawyobas. am mizans isaxavda bediis

taZris ageba da gudayvidan saepis ko-

posos gadmotana.

gudayvis saepiskoposo, rogorc viciT,

imTaviTve berZnuli eklesiis daqvemde-

barebaSi iyo da, Sesabamisad, aq saekle-

sio saqmianoba berZnul enaze warmoebda,

rogorc mTel zRvispira zolSi. maSa-

sadame, gudayvis saepiskoposos moSla

da misi bediaSi gadatana unda miviRoT

kolx-iberuli sivrcidan berZnuli enis

gandevnad da qarTuli saeklesio RvTism-

saxurebisTvis safuZvlis Cayrad zRvis-

pira regionebSi.

maSasadame, bagrati qveynis gaerTi-

anebisa da misi reformirebis kval da-

kval Sesdgomia eklesiis refor ma ciasac.

mematiane xSirad adarebs bag rats vax-

tangs da es SemTxveviToba ar unda iyos,

iseve, rogorc vaxtangi Se ecada mTeli

qarTveluri sivrcis erTian samefod

gaerTianebas da ekle siis am saxelm-

wifosadmi daqvem deb arebas, bagratic

cdilobs gaerTi anebuli saxelmwifos

samsaxurSi Caay enos eklesia da gaxados

is ara marto sarwmunoebrivi, aramed

erovnuli ideis safuZvelic. albaT be-

dis ironiiT, mas uxdeba vaxtangis saekle-

sio refor mebi dan SemorCenili wesis,

berZnulad RvTis msaxurebis warmoebis

sabolood amoZirkva, rac gansakuTrebiT

fexmo kid ebuli iyo bizantiis gavlenis

sferoSi moqceul yofili lazeTis same-

fos zRvispira teritoriebze. bizantiis

am eklesiur Zalmomreobas zurgs umag-

rebda e.w. `sami saRvTo enis~ (elinuris,

ebraulis da laTinuris) Teoria.

bagrat III-is mier ̀ afxazTa samefo dan~

berZnuli RvTismsaxurebis gan devna did

windaxedulobasa da gonivrul Rvawe-

bas moiTxovda, miuxedavad imisa, rom am

etapze qarTveluri modgmis TviT Segneba

sakmaod momwifebuli iyo erov nuli er-

TianobisTvis.

man gudayvis saepiskoposos moSliT da

misi bediaSi gadmotaniT qmediTi nabiji

gadadga eklesiis reformirebis gzaze.

es reforma saxelmwifos mSeneb lobis

konteqstSi unda aRviqvaT. mefe eklesia-

sa da saxelmwifos Soris urTi erTobas

agebs bizantiur modelze, sadac eklesia

saxelmwifos kontrolis qveS iyo da

warmoadgenda saxelmwifo ideologiis

mTavar sayrdens.

bediis saepiskoposos Seqmna Zalze

didmniSvnelovani movlena rom iyo,

es kargad Cans mematianis mravalmniS-

vnelovani naTqvamidan: ùkeTu visme

enebos gancdad da gulisxmis _ yofad

simaRlisTvis didebisa misisa, pirvelad

ganicados samkauli bediisa eklesiisa,

da misgan gulisxma-yos, romel aravin

yofil ars sxua mefe msgavsi misi que-41. qarTlis cxovreba, gv. 222.


yanasa qarTlisasa da afxazeTisasa~42.

mematianis mier bagrat III-is saek lesio

aRmSeneblobis aseTi daxasiaTeba mraval

qveteqstsa da konteqsts moicavs. maT

Soris iseTs, romelic Cvens Tanamed-

roveobasac exeba, rogorc am teqstis

uSualo adresatebs.

`ganicados samkauli bediisa ekle-

siisa~ araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar gul-

isxmobs oden bediis taZris morTu lobas,

CvenTvis kargad cnobili `bediis barZi-

mis~ magaliTze, romlis meSveo bi Tac

SeiZleboda Sefasebuliyo im mefis saqme,

romlis msgavsi aravin yofila ̀ qveyanasa

qarTlisasa da afxazeTisasa~. mematianem

mSvenivrad icis vaxtang gorgaslis didi

saqmeni, magram mainc, is saqme, rac gakeTda

bediis taZris aSenebiTa da iq kaTedra-

lis gadmotaniT, aRemateba vaxtangis

saqmianobas, romel mac iveriis eklesias,

Tu sruli ara, nawilobrivi Tavisufleba

mainc SesZina da RvTismsaxureba mSob-

liur enazedac gaxda SesaZlebeli.

bagratma ki am kaTedralis daarsebiT

sabolood gan devna ucxo _ berZnuli

ena saeklesio cxovrebidan, riTac iri-

bad wertili dausva imperiis afxazeTis

gaerTia nebuli saxelmwifos mimarT

sulieri da politikuri mfarvelis

pretenziebs.

bagrat III-is mier bediis taZris aSeneba

da iq saepiskoposo kaTedris gadmotana

imdenad gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis

movlena yofila, rom mematiane misiT

afasebs qveynis gamaer Tianebeli mefis

mTeli saqmianobis bunebas, mis sulier

sazriss. amasTan, mas sul sxvanairi mid-

goma aqvs quTaisis grandiozuli taZris

aSenebisa da misi sazeimod gaxsnis re-

zonansul sakiTxTan.

g. mWedliZis TqmiT, mematiane bediis

taZris aSenebas aRwers sruliad gans-

xvavebuli leqsikiT, vidre quTaisis

kaTedralis agebas, sadac ZiriTadad

Warbobs sazeimo panegirikuli toni43.

maSas a dame, mematiane amCnevs im arsobriv

gans xva vebas, romelic arsebobda gaer-

Tia ne buli qveynis am ori religiuri

obieq tis adgilisa da rolis Taobaze

maSi ndel epoqaSi.

bagratis mier quTaisis taZris aSeneba

da misi sazeimo gaxsna sxva daniSnul-

ebis movlenaa, vidre bediis saepis koposo

taZrisa. quTaisis taZari _ esaa gaer-

Tianebuli qveynis mTavari kaTed rali _

samefo taZari. is simboloa ero vnuli

erTianobisa da damou kideb eli saxelm-

wifoebriobisa. mematianis mier aRwerili

movlena samefo taZris sazeimod gaxs-

nis Taobaze sinamdvileSi aris kargad

gaazrebuli politikuri aqcia afxaze-

Tis samefos sruli damo uki deblobis

gacxadebisa da miTiTeba mis adgilsa da

rolze ara marto kavkasiis masStabiT,

aramed mTel wina aziaSic.

ucnobi mematiane ase aRwers am did-

mniS vnelovan movlenas: àmanve akurTxa

eklesia quTaisisa gangebiTa didiTa da

miuwvdomeliTa. rameTu Semoekriba max-

lobelni yovelni xelmwifeni da kaTa-

likosni, mRvdelTmoZRuarni, da yovelni

didebulni zemoni da qvemoni, mamulisa

da samefosa misisa myofni, da saxel-

mwifoTa da sxuaTa yovelTa saxel mwi-

foTani~44. amdenad, mema tianis sazeimo

toni aSkarad migvani Snebs im realur

politikur viTarebaze, romelSic imyo-

feboda bagrat III-is didi RvawebiT

Seqmnili afxazeTis gaerTi anebuli _

damoukidebeli samefo, ro melzedac

ityvis meistorie: èse bagrat afxazTa

da qarTvelTa mefe waremata yo velTa

xelmwifeTa yovelTa gangeb iTa~45. aq

àfxazTa~ da `qarTve lTaSi~ miTiTebaa

am gaerTianebuli samefos ZveliTganve

momdinare, `lazeT-kolxeTis~ da ìbe-

ria-qarTlis~ mefe ebze.

bagrat III-is mier Seqmnili saxel-

mwifos saxeldeba àfxazeTis samefo~

ise myarad damkvidrda saerTaSoriso

arenaze, rom daviT aRmaSeneblis mier

Tbilisis ganTavisuflebis da misi de-

daqalaqad gamocxadebis Semdegac am

ax al saxelmwifos _ saqarTvelos didi

42. qarTlis cxovreba, gv. 222.43. g. mWedliZe, dasax. naSromi, gv. 580.

44. qarTlis cxovreba, gv. 222.45. iqve gv. 222.


xnis ganmavlobaSi afxazeTad moixseni-

ebdnen garemomcvel samyaroSi, vidre

TurqTa gavleniT ar damkvidrda ̀ gur ji~

_ `gurjistani~ da misi mravali nair-

saxeoba.

* * *

wina periodebisgan gansxvavebiT, am

epatze àfxazTa mefe~ bagrat mesamis

saxelmwifo-politikuri saqmianoba

scildeba qveynis gaerTianebisken mi-

marTul konkretul CarCos. is am peri-

odSi gamodis saerTaSoriso arenaze,

rogorc didi masStabis saxelmwifo

moRvawe, damoukidebeli saxelmwifos

sruluflebiani monarqi. Sesabamisad,

mTeli misi saxelmwifo-politikuri

saqmianoba Seesabameba am rangis moT-

xovnebs. afxazeTis samefo uSualod dau-

mezoblda sparseTs, is Tavis `meg obrad

da erTgulad-yo~. amdenad, bagrat III-is

àRmosavluri politikac~ war matebiT

dagvirgvinda.

bagrat III-is, rogorc gaerTianebuli

qveynis _ ̀ afxazTa samefos~ srulufle-

biani mefis, moRvaweobis Sedegs ase aj-

amebs daviT sumbatis Ze: `gardaicvala

es gurgen mefeTa-mefe, Ze bagrat qarTve-

lTa mefisa, qoronikonsa s~k~À, (1008 w,.

m.z.) da dauteva Ze ese Tvsi bagrat, af-

xazTa mefe, kuropalati didi, da eufla

taos mamulsa Tvsaa da daipyra yoveli

kavkasia TvTmpyrobelobiTa jiqeTidgan

vidre gurgenamde, xolo adarbadagani

da Sirvani moxarke-yo, somxiTisa xel-

mwi febiTa, nebierad ganagebda, mefe

spa rsTa TÂs megobrad da erTgulyo

sibr ZniTa da ZlierebiT TvsiTa ufros

saxleulTa TvisTasa, da berZenT mefe-

saca SiSi aqunda amisi yoveldave~46.

daviT sumbatis Zis am cnobebis mimarT

CvensistoriografiaSi gabatonebuli

orWofuli damokideb ul ebis miuxedavad,

rogorc zemoT aRwerili movlenebidan

Cans, mematianis am daskvnaSi araferia

gadaWarbebuli, yvelaferi istoriul

logikas eqvem deba reba. miT umetes, rom

saqme gvaqvs sxvadasxva mematianesTan;

ramdenadme imaves gvidastureben ucxo-

eli istori kosebic (aristakesi, iahia an-

ti oqeli, asoRiki (taroneli) da sxva ni).

arc is unda iyos SemTxveviTi, rom da-

viT sumbatis Ze berZnebTan urTier Tobis

aRweriT amTavrebs Tavis Sefa sebas

bagrat III-is mefobis bolo perio dis sa-

mezoblo da saerTaSoriso poli tikaze.

am Sefasebidan kargad Cans, rom afxa-

zeTis samefos politikuri urTierToba

bizantiasTan ̀ gansakuTrebulia~; aSkaraa

urTierTundobloba; yvelaferi SiSi Taa

gamsWvaluli. erTmorwmune imperiis admi

aseT damokidebulebas Tavisi mizezebi

hqonda, da amas daviT sumbatis Ze marto

erTi raime konkretul mizezs ki ar

ukavSirebs, Tundac daviT kurapalatis

samflobelos Zalad warta cebas, aramed

imas, rom bagrat III-m SeZlo àfxazTa

samefos~ irgvliv TiTqmis mTeli kolx-

iberuli miwa-wylis gaer Tia neba, erTiani

centralizebuli saxelmwifos Seqmna

da saerTaSoriso asparezze gasvla

ara marto politi kuri TvalsazrisiT,

aramed religiu radac. is mTeli kavka-

siis masStabiT gamodioda qristianobis

mfarvelad.

somexTa mefe gagikma `ganixara sixa-

ruliTa didiTa~, imitom rom bagrati mas

uxmobda qristianeTmoZule fad lonis

winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad, `moZu lesa

qristianeTasa~, maZiebelsa `warw ymedasa

yovelTa juarismsaxurTasa~.

afxazeTis samefos aseTi ìdeuri~

gaZlierebis SiSi rom arsebobda imperi-

is karis ideologebSi, es kargad Cans

Cvens agiografiul mwerlobaSi, rac

Cvenze ukeT uwyoda daviT qronikosma

da amitomac Tqva: `da berZenTa mefesaca

SiSi aqunda amisi yovladve~. politi-

kuri SeuTavseblobis ZiriTadi sababi

ki, romelic yovel wuTs SeiZleboda

amoqmedebuliyo, `naanderZevi miwebis~

problema iyo.

saerTaSoriso asparezze gamosuli

afxazeTis saxelmwifos Zlieri mefe

axla ukve ar moiTmens im Tavnebobas,

rac Caidina basili keisarma daviT kura-46. iqve, gv. 290.


palatis gardacvalebis Semdeg. is ukan

moiTxovs Tavis kuTvnil miwa-wyals,

naanderZevs mamobilisgan, istoriuli

iberiis teritoriebs, qarTuli modgmis

odindel samemkvidreos.

wayruebis drom gaiara. bizantielebi

ganawyenebuli gurgenis gamoxtomasac

ver SeewinaaRmdegnen Tavis droze, roca

is maT mier waRebul olTisis cixes

`gars Semoewyo~ da oden kankil magis-

trosis SuamdgomlobiT dauzavda ba-

sils: `gurgen da berZenni dazavdnen~

(asoRiki). amjerad kavkasiis masStabis

saxelmwifos gadamterebas marTlac

unda morideboda. yoveli SemTxvevisTvis,

àRmosavleTis saqmeebis~ mogvarebis Sem-

deg, aSkara iyo, rom bagratis yurad Reba

mTlianad mimarTuli iqneboda samxreT-

dasavleTisken, sadac afxazeTis saxelm-

wifos kanonieri interesebi ejaxeboda

bizantiis imperiisa da misi sateliti

juja qveynebis interesebs.

* * *

Cveni SexedulebiT, am mwvave poli-

tikuri dapirispirebis erT-erT gamo-

vli nebad unda aRviqvaT sumbatis Zis

cnoba klarjeTis erisTavTa, bagrat ar-

tanujelis ZeTa _ sumbatisa da gur genis

tragikuli bedis Sesaxeb. amis varaudis

saSualebas gvaZlevs is gar emoeba, rom

es ambavi, romelic win uswrebda aRmosav-

leTis brZolebs, mematianes gadmoaqvs

gviandel xanaSi, masze gviyveba bagrat

III-is mTeli bolo periodis saqmiano-

bis Sejamebis Semdeg da raRacnairad

mas uSualod miabams `berZenTa SiSis~

dafiqsirebas, rac Zalauneburad gvi-

biZgebs iqiTken, rom es ori movlena

erTmaneTs davukavSiroT, vinaidan Cvens

istoriografiaSi es movlena imdenadaa

gazviadebuli, lamis daCrdilos am

SorsmWvreteli mefis saxelmwifoebriv-

fuZemdebluri saqmi anoba.

daviT sumbatis Ze bagrationi, Tanamed-

rove am movlenebisa, am ambavs ase agvi-

wers: bagrat kuropalatma moiyvana

klarjni xelmwifeni sumbat da gur-

gen, Zeni bagrat artanujelisani, Tvsni

mamidiswulni, darbazobda fanaskertis

cixeSi, Sei pyrna igini. Casva Tmogvis

cixeSi, xolo maTi qveyana da cixeni

TviTon aRiRo. iq. Tmogvis cixeSive gar-

daicvala sumbat artanujeli qoro-

nikonsa s-l-a (1011 w.), egreTve amasve

welsa Sina gurgenica gardaicvala s-l-b

(1012 w.) xolo Svilni maTni war vides

konstantinepoled, Ze sumbatisi bagrat

da Ze gurgenisi demetre, basili mefis

winaSe. maTni Svilni klarjTa mefeTani

romelnic darCnen, yvelani daixocnen

patimrobaSi47.

iv. javaxiSvili am aqts ukidures sa-

Sualebad miiCnevs: `saqarTvelos poli-

tikuri gaerTianebis gansamtki ceb lad

bagrat III-m erTxel ukidures saSualeba-

sac ki mimarTa, rom klar jeTSi mSvidobi-

anoba uzrunveli yofi l iyo da mosalod-

neli gandgomis SiSi moespo~48. m. lorTq-

ifaniZis TqmiT, qveynis gaerTianebisa da

xelisuflebis centra li zaciisaTvis

bagrati araviTar saSua lebas ar er-

ideboda. man, roca yovel nairad scada

Tavis uaxloesi naTesa vebis mefis xe-

lisuflebisTvis daqvem debareba, magram

darwmunda, sxva gamo savali ar iyo, isini

fanaskertis cixeSi moiwvia darbazobad,

Seipyro da Tmogvis cixeSi gamoketa49. aq

TiTqmis javaxiSvilis naweris perifra-

zsTan gvaqvs saqme, magram didi gansxva-

vebaa pirvelis ̀ ukidures saSualeba~ da

àraviTar saSualebas ar erideb odas~

Soris. pirveli gulisxmobs iZulebiT

RonisZiebas, roca sxva gamo savali ar

arsebobs, meore ki, roca es wesadaa miRe-

buli, araviTar saSualebas ar moeridos

Tavis subieqturi Tu obieq turi miznis

misaRwevad. bagrat me fe Zalze Sors

iWerda Tavs Zala dobisagan, is, Tu iyo

amis saSualeba, mudam midioda daTmo-

baze, cdilobda sakiTxis mSvido bianad

mogvarebas, SeiZ leba iTqvas, mas es wesad

eqca. ase iyo mefobis pirvel wlebSi,

or weliwads icada, vidre mSvidobianad

47. qarTlis cxovreba, gv. 290.48. iv. javaxiSvili, dasax. naSromi, gv. 131.49. saqarTvelos istoria, dasax. gamoc., gv. 261.


ar moagvara saqme Teodo re afxazTa

mefesTan da is ar gagzavna taos daviT

kurapalatTan; is SiSveli xelebiT dgeba

gurgen-mamamissa da daviT III-s Sua, win

warudgeba gaalmasebul aRmzrdelsa

da imperiis moxeles, Tavs wiravs, raTa

Tavidan aic ilos ZmaTa mkvleli omi; is

indobs baR vaSTa saxle ulobas, romelmac

TiTqmis mTeli ̀ af xaz Ta samefo~ kinaRam

Seiwira Tavisi feodaluri madis gamo.

gansakuTrebiT gonivruli da Sorsm-

Wvreteluri iyo misi qmedeba daviTis

gardacvalebis Semdeg basili keisris

mier misi samemkvidreo miwa-wylis war-

tyvevnisa da mravali provokaciuli

gamoxtomis miuxedavad. man simSvide

SenarCuna, roca es ver SeZlo moxucma

gurgenmac ki da drom rom ixelTa, mi uxta

olTiss; man bevri ram daTmo aRmosav-

leTSic, TviT qristesmoyvareT moZule

fadlonsac ki dauTmo. yovel Jams is mo-

gebuli da damajereblad gaZlierebuli

gamodioda. ase rom, imis Tqma, bagrati miz-

nis misaRwevad ganur Cevlad yovelgvar

saSualebebze midi odao, didi usamarT-

loba iqneboda. misi stili iyo, yvela

mSvidobiani saSualebis amowurvamde ar

miemarTa samxedro zomebisTvis. amitom

yvela SemfasebelTa Soris isev iv. javax-

iSvilis mosazreba unda iyos realobas-

Tan axlos: is ufro didi ubedurebis _

sisxlis Rvris _ Tavidan asacileblad

midis am nabijze, `rom klarjeTSi mS-

vidobianoba uzru nveli yofiliyo~, ami-

tom aq stumarmas pin Zlobis zneobrivi

normebis moxmoba, rogorc amas zogierTi

mkvlevari ake Tebs, uadgiloa. miT umetes,

misi Tanamedrove mematiane erTi wuTiTac

ar ayenebs eWvqveS misi am aqciis marTebu-

lobas. is mxolod faqts gadmoscems,

romlis swori analizis SemTxvevaSi

ueWveli xdeba `xelmwifeebis~ orguli

buneba, rom isini imperiis erTguli

msaxurni da dasayrdeni iyvnen gaer Tia-

nebul samefoSi, romelic gardauvlad

unda Sesjaxeboda imperias mitacebuli

miwa-wylis dasabruneblad brZolaSi.

aseT SemTxvevaSi bagrats sxva arCevani

ar hqonda da, batoni ivanes swori gansa-

zRvrebiT, is iZulebuli gaxda, am zneo-

brivi TvalsazrisiT ukiduresi, mag ram

politikuri TvalTaxedviT optima luri

RonisZiebisTvis miemarTa, rome lic

SemdgomSi marTlac gadaizrdeboda

ukidures politikur RonisZiebaSi, Zma-

Ta mkvlel Sida omSi Tu ara, sisxlis-

mRvrel brZolaSi.

amis gaTvaliswinebiT srulebiT ar-

Rvevs realur situacias rogorc qro-

nologiurad, aseve gadmocemis tona l-

obiT. d. musxeliSvilis mier saqarTve-

los istoriis zemoT dasaxelebul saxe-

l mZRvaneloSi gamoTqmuli mosazreba,

rom bagrat III-m jer `gamTavrebuli~

rati baRvaSi dasaja, aiZula Tavis

mamulSi, argveTSi dabrunebuliyo, xolo

mis Svils misca qarTlSi TrialeTi

klde-karTa cixesimagriTurT, rogorc

moxele erisTavs, da amasTan mibma klar-

jeTis RonisZiebisa, rom àmis Semdeg ki

Tavisi naTesavi `klarji xel mwifeni~

daapatimra da cixeSi amoxada suli~

(xazi _ m.z.).

kidev ufro miuRebelia g. mWedliZis

mosazreba: `Cven vfiqrobT, rom taxtis

mxolod Tavisi memkvidrisTvis Sena-

r Cuneba iyo klarjeli bagrationebis

amowyvetis mizezebi~, es maSin, rogorc

TviTonve wers: `bagrat III-is am qmede-

bisTvis calsaxa Sefasebis micema garTu-

lebulia, radgan mematianis cnoba amis

saSualebas TiTqmis ar iZleva~.

mkvlevari, aseve yovelgvari mtkicebis

gareSe, am movlenis mimarT mematianis

dumils am aqciisadmi misi uaryofiTi

da moki debulebis gamomJRavnebad mi-

iCnevs: ìgi uaryofiTad afasebda da mis

Sesaxeb moTxrobiT bagrat III-s Crdili

aRar miayena. sumbat daviTis Ze ki klar-

jeTeli bagrationebis tragi kul isto-

rias ordinaruli ambaviviT gadmogvcems

da bagrats arc sayvedurobs da arc

uwonebs Cadenils. gadawyvetiT raimes

Tqmis SesaZleblobas arc qvet eqstze da-

kvirveba iZleva. Cans, sumbat daviTis Zes

arc TviTon moepoveboda aseTi pasuxi~50.

50. g. mWedliZe, dasax. naSromi, gv. 493.


Cven amjerad ar Sevu dgebiT mecnieris am

mosazrebis (rogorc vTqviT, miuRebelis)

kritikas, magram, is unda iTqvas, rom mis

meir dasmul kiTxvas, daviwyebas mieca Tu

ara bagratis didi saqmeni, misi Soreuli

STamomavlebis diadi miRwevis fonze,51

safuZveli ara aqvs. mis saqmeebs Crdils

ayenebs zemoT moyvanili teqstebis

tona loba da subieqtivizmi da maTi ms-

gavsi gamokvle vani, sadac eWvqveS ayeneben

bagratisgan mTeli Zveli samyaros mier

sayovelTaod aRiarebuli wesis, miT

umetes, gaer Tia ne bisTvis mebrZoli feo-

da luri qvey nisTvis _ daumorCilebeli

da ̀ gare ga mxedvari~ didebulis dasjis

marTeb ulobas. es norma da wesi kargadaa

cno bili daviT sumbatis ZisTvis, amito-

mac is Sors iWers Tavs zneobrivi msje-

lo bisgan, radgan man, klarjTa Stos bag-

rationma, rogorc amtkiceben mkvlevrebi,

uwyis im danaSaulTa simZime, romelic,

udavod, waredgina klarjeTis saxls.

xolo ̀ ucnobi mematiane~ mas marTlacda

imdenad ordinarul movlenad miiCnevs,

rom arc ki Tvlis aRniSvnis Rirsad.

amdenad, `klarj xelmwifeTa~ dasjis

sakiTxSi garkvevisTvis ar kmara daviT

sumbatis Zis cnobis subieqturi interp-

retacia, is ganxilul unda iqnes bagrat

III-is saxelmwifoebriv-politikuri

saqmianobis bolo periodis mTlian

konteqstSi, gansakuTrebiT bizantiasTan

politikuri urTierTobis konteqstSi,

TviT sarwmunoebriv-ierarqiuli pre-

ten ziebis gaTvaliswinebiT. manamde ki,

rogorc umetes SemTxvevaSi, amjeradac,

es iyo ùkiduresi saSualeba~, ro melic

iZulebiT gadadga bagrat mefem, raTa

`klarjeTSi mSvidobianoba uzru nveli

yofiliyo da mosalodneli gan dgo mis

SiSi moespo~52. dRe vandeli ga gebiT, es iyo

imperiis mier waqezebuli se paratizmis

winaaRmdeg mi mar Tuli RonisZieba, im

kritikul mome ntSi, roca sruliad kavka-

siis masStabis afxazeTis gaerTianebuli

saxelmwifo emzadeboda mis SuagulSi

kunZulad SemorCenili Tbilisis saa-

mirosa da umaduri basili keisris

mier mitac ebuli imiertaos miwa-wylis

dabrun ebisaTvis. klarjeli erisTavebis

moRal aturi qmedebebis mimarT wayrueba

aT wle ul obiT nagebi saxelmwifos dan-

g revasa da tanjva-va ebiT mopovebuli

damo ukideblobis da kargvis riskze

wasvlas niSnavda. amitom is mosazreba,

rom daviT sumbatis Ze ar axdens am mov-

lenis komentirebas, imitom rom ar unda

bagratis saxeli SebRalos, ab sur dulia.

mocemul SemTxvevaSi igi imitom ikavebs

Tavs Sefasebisgan, rom am sagva reulos im

Stos, romelsac Tvi Tonac ganekuTvneba,

samudamod ar daum kvidros moRalatis

saxeli. amis var audis ufl ebas gvaZlevs

misi Txrobis arqiteq tonika, rom ber-

ZenTa `SiSis am bavs~ moa yo lebs klarj

erisTavTa sagva reulo tragedias, xolo

mis Sem dgom bagrat III-is mier mTeli

samefos Semov las, romelsac man, Tu mi-

vyvebiT daviTis qronologiis logikas,

aranakleb wel i w adze meti moandoma,

rac arcTu ise didi dro unda iyos am

axlad Semoe rTebul teritoriebsa da

ymadnafic qve ynebTan mtkice wesrigis

damyarebis Tval sazrisiT, da imasac,

rom yoveli axali didi RonisZiebis

Catarebis win mefes axalgazrdobidanve

Cvevad hqonda, Zirfesvianad Semzadebuli-

yo. ase iyo gamefebis winac; aseve moiqca

kaxeT-her eTSi gadasvlis Jams da a.S.

amitom mema tianis mier Tqmuli _ àmissa

Sem dgomad mo vlo bagrat yoveli samefo

Tvssi~53 _ aSkarad imis maC venebelia, rom

is emzadeboda axali didi aqciisTvis

da aseT SemTxvevaSi zurgs ukan separa-

ti s tulad ganwyobil `xe lmwifeTa~

dato veba ugunuroba iqneboda, rac ar

sCve oda Wkvian mefes. amitom faqtad unda

miviRoT, rom klarjeTis operacia winas-

wari Ronis Zieba iyo axali masStaburi

po litikuri aqtis win, romlis obieqtic,

rogorc zemoT vTqviT, Tbilisis saam iro

da samxreTi tao unda yofiliyo. magram,

samwuxarod, mas am didi nabijebis ga-

dadgma ver dascalda, is mzadebis pro-

51. iqve, gv. 4.52. iv. javaxiSvili, dasax. naSromi, gv. 131.

53. qarTlis cxovreba, gv. 290.


c esSi gardaicvala, xolo mis STamo mav-

lebs misi ganxorcielebisTvis Zala ar

eyoT da es gaerTianebuli saxelmwifo

Tvalsa da xels Sua SemoefantaT.

* * *

bagrat sumbatis Ze gvamcnobs, rom

bagratma movlo samefo Tvssi, afxazeTi,

hereTi da kaxeTi, movida da daizamTra

`xevTa taosaTa~. maSasadame, Tu gurgen

klarji gardaicvala 1012 wels, xolo

bagratma qveynis Semovla iwyo mas

Semdeg, maSin, savaraudod, is 1013 wlis

gazaf xulidan mainc unda Sesdgomoda

qar Tuli miwebis Semomtkicebis axali

eta pisTvis mzadebas.

pirvelad movlo afxazeTi, e.i. jiq-

eTidan lixis mTamde, Semdgom hereTi da

kaxeTi, rac gulisxmobs ymadnafic Tu

moxarke qveynebTan urTierTobis garkve-

vas; aqedan TrialeT-kldekaris gavliT

Cadis taoSi. `movida da daiz amTra xe-

vTa taosaTa~, xolo zafxuls mivida

fanaskertis cixeSi, rac gvafi qrebinebs,

rom klarjeTis operacia da mis mier

qveynis Semovla erTi da imave didi

gegmis nawilia da ufro mima rTulia Ta-

visi kanonieri miwa-wylis, _ imiertaos

dabrunebisken. ise Cans, es marTlacda

mSvidobis moyvare mefe amjeradac samar-

Tlianobis principiT moqmedebas arCevs

da kuTvnili miwa-wylis kanonierebis

farglebSi dabrun ebas ase cdilobs,

ris Semdegac didi sisxlis Rvris gar-

eSe Tbilisis dabru nebas araferi unda

dasdgomoda win.

movlenaTa ganviTarebis aseTi Sesa-

Zlo variantis daSvebulobas gvTava zobs

bagratis sikvdilis Semdeg dam dgari

realuri procesebi, roca giorgi I-sa da

basili keisars Soris taos miwa-wylisT-

vis brZola gardauvali gaxda. keisarma

am eqspansiis Semzadebas Svidi weli

moandoma, maSin roca bagrati waRebuli

miwebis SemoerTebas imave, 1014 welsve

gegmavda.

amdenad, bagrat III-is mier `klarj

xelmwifeTa~ mimarT gatarebul `sas-

tiki~ RonisZiebas realuri safuZveli

hqonda. am SemTxvevaSi, iv. javaxiSvilis

istoriuli TvalsazrisiT gamoTqmuli

mosazreba, romelzedac zemoT ukve iTqva,

ufro Seefereba simarTles, vidre mis

mierve feodaluri samarTlis kritikis

konteqstidan gamomdinare naTqvami, rom-

elsac g. mWedliZe mouxmobs da ùnak-

los~ uwodebs. magram am sakiTxebis de-

taluri kvleva Cvens amJamindel miznebs

scildeba, amitom, yvelaze ufro mar-

Tebuli iqneboda, bagrationTa mematia-

nis pozicia gaviziaroT da es procesi

politikur konteqstSi gaviazroT. aseT

daskvnamde, bevri urTierTsawinaaRmdego

msjelobis Semdeg, g. mWedliZec midis:

bagrat III-is bagrationTa klarjeTis

StosTan angariSsworeba zneobasTan Se-

uferebel qcevad ar CaiTvleboda, xolo

saxelmwifoebriv-politikuri Tval-

saz risiT Seesabameboda saqarTvelos

erTia nobis, centraluri xelisuflebis

gaZ lierebisa da separatizmTan brZolis

interesebs.

* * *

bagrat III, rogorc zemoT vTqviT,

emzadeboda axali naxtomisTvis. man

moiara mTeli Tavisi samflobelo, Zir-

fesvianad Seemzada axali politikuri

aqciisaTvis. is tyuilad ar gaatarebda

mTel zamTars `taos xevSi~. man, albaT,

detalurad Seiswavla mTeli samxreT

qarTuli teritoriebis politikuri

viTareba da zafxulisTvis Sevida fa-

naskertis cixeSi, rac aSkara miniSneba

unda iyos imisa, rom is samxedro ope-

raciisTvis emzadeba. magram, samwuxarod,

mas es ar dascalda. sumbatis Zis cno-

biT, `da mora-iwia zafxuli, movida masve

cixesa fanaskertisasa welsa mesamesa, da

mun Sina gardaicvala ese bagrat qoro-

nikonsa s-l-d Tuesa maissa z-, dResa pa-

r askevsa, da dauteva Ze Tvsi giorgi da

dajda igi mefed wlisa i-À~54. ucnobi

mematiane ki gvamcnobs: ̀ mefobda ocdaT-

uq smeti weli da gar daicvala Semko bili

54. qarTlis cxovreba, gv. 290.


mÃciTa SuenieriTa, qoronikonsa oras

ocdaToTxmetsa, Tuesa maissa Svdsa, dRes

paraskevs. da iyo dReTa micval eb isa

misisaTa taos. da warmoiRo guami misi

zviadman erisTavT-erisTavman, da damarxa

bedias~55 (xazi _ m.z.).

mefis neStis bediaSi gadasveneba da iq

dakrZalva, ueWvelad, misi anderZi samebr

moxdeboda, rogorc Cans, es sakiTxi didi

xniT adre iyo gadawyve tili da sayovel-

Taod cnobili, wina aRmdeg SemTxvevaSi,

Tavis mamapapiseul samSobloSi gardacv-

lili mefis neStis wasveneba bediaSi,

zogadad, afxazeTs da iq dakrZalva, sadac

maTi sagvareulodan aravin ganisvenebda,

alogikuri iqneboda. maSasadame, am aqts

_ mefis saZvaled bediis gamocxadebas

_ didi politikuri datvirTva unda

hqonoda.

pirvel rigSi, aRsaniSnavia is, rom am

aqtiT safuZveli eyreba gaerTianebuli

saxelmwifos _ afxazeTis axali dinas-

tiis samemkvidreo gansasveneblis daf uZ-

nebas. aseT adgilad bediis arCeva, roca

arsebobda quTaisis samefo sakaT edro

taZari, imis mimaniSnebelia, rom bedia

Tavidanve Cafiqrebuli iyo gaerTi-

anebuli saxelmwifos axal sasu li ero

centrad, berZnuli RvTis m saxurebis al-

ternativad.

mefis aq dasaflaveba xazgasma iyo

imisa, rom gaerTianebuli samefos mefe

iyo reformatori da mfarveli erov nul

niadagze aRorZinebuli qristia nuli

religiisa.

`dobili~, magram mainc ucxo berZnuli

enis eklesiidan gandevnisa dareli giuri

mowyobis sakiTxis saxelm wifo ebriv do-

neze gadaWra niSnavda eklesiis wiaRSi

Sobili merCuliseuli for mulirebis

axal xarixSi ayvanas.

tao-klarjeTis `mefeTa~ es mraval

Stod dayofili sagvareulo, bolos da

bolos, Camoyalibda, kolx-iberuli modg-

mis gaerTianebuli saxelmwifos _ afxa-

zeTis _ bagrationTa samefo dinas tiad.

amdenad, mocemulobaSi gvaqvs, centrali-

zebuli saxelmwifoebriv-po li tikuri

gaerTianeba mkvidrad dadge nili dinas-

tiiT, sazRvrebiT, samefo – yvela niSniT

(kulturuli centri, sam efo kaTedrali

da a.S.), axali sasuliero centriTa da

samefo akldamiT.

am aqtiT (mefis neStis bediaSi was-

venebiT) xdeba dagvirgvineba didi mefis

ocdaTeqvsmetwliani Rvawebisa. memati-

ane mxolod imas ityvis, rom `mef obda

ocdaTequsmet wels da gardaic vala

Semkobili mxciTa SuenierTa~-o.

* * *

mefe gegmazomierad midioda am miz nis-

ken. ar iyo advili uZvelesi laz-kolx-

uri da xosroianTa did dina s tiebSi

fesvebgadgmuli samefo sagvare ulos

adgilis daWera `kanonierebis~ sruli

dacviT. amitom iyo is usinaTlo Teodo-

sis Tanamefe, xolo mis Semdeg, yvelgan

da yvelaferSi mis gverdiTaa da sax-

elmwifo saqmeebSi monawileobs deda _

dedofali guranduxti; gansaku TrebiT

TvalsaCinoa misi Tanamo nawi leoba

saeklesio aRmSeneblobis proc esSi.

Zalze xSirad mefe da deda _ dedo-

fali erTad arian gamosaxulni maT mier

aSenebuli eklesiebis freskebze.

bagrat III, rogorc reformatori mefe,

ra Tqma, pirvel rigSi, Tavisi mefobis

kanonierebis istoriul dadgi nebas

Seecdeboda, rac, sabednierod, Cvenamde

SemorCenili wyaroTi dastur deba. es

saistorio wyaroa afxazeTis mefeTa

qronika _ `mefeTa divani~, rogorc iv.

javaxiSvilis mixedviT uwodeben mas,

xolo d. baqraZe àfxazeTis istoriad~

moixseniebs.

ierusalimis patriarqis dosiTeosis

cnobiT, is Sedgenilia 992 wels bagrat

III-is mier. mefeTa sias boloSi aqvs

bagrat III-is minaweri: àmaTa Semdgomad 55. iqve, gv. 223.


ineba RmerTman da vipyari me qveyana af-

xazeTisa (da ara afxazTa, m.z.), deduli

Cemi bagrat bagrationman, Zeman sul-

kurTxeulisa gurgenisaman, da asulisa

wulman giorgi afxazTa mefisaman~.

am minawers da, saerTod, Zegls eq. Ta-

yaiSvili afasebda ara rogorc isto rias,

aramed rogorc aqts, manifests, romli-

Tac bagrat III `gvamcnevs mis kano nier

gamefebas afxazeTis samefoSi~.

TayaiSvilis es mosazreba albaT

sworia. TviTon `mefeTa istoria~ bag-

rats ukve adre hqonia wesrigSi moyva-

nili, rogorc dosiTeosi gvamcnobs,

xolo minaweri, TayaiSvilis TqmiT, mani-

festi, darTulia mas Semdeg, rac garda-

icvala gurgen mefe (`Zeman sulkur-

Txeulisa gurgenisaman~, ambobs bagra-

ti). es imis Tqmis saSualebas gvaZlevs,

rom bagrati gaerTianebul qveyanas

miiCnevda afxazeTad, rac oficialuri

versiaa, gadmocemuli pirveli piris

mier. mis am axal xarisxSi warmoCenas

ar Cauvlia Sesabamisi oficialuri

RonisZiebis gareSe. ise Cans, es manifes-

ti sayovel Taod gamoucxadebiaT (al-

baT kurT xeviTac?!). amis Semdeg bagrati

aris afxazeTis gaerTianebuli samefos

mefe, nacvlad `mefe afxazTa da qarT-

velTasa~! ris Sesabamisadac gakeTebu-

la `mefeTa divanSi~ Sesabamisi Canaweri

sakuTriv mefis mier (brZanebiT). Canaw-

erSi adre uli wodeba `mefe afxazTa~

Zireuladaa Secvlili da brunvaSi

Semodis, ̀ qveyana afxazeTis~ Sesabamisad,

`mefe afxa zeTisa~. albaT am wesiTve

vRebulobT daviT aRmaSeneblis mier

aRorZinebuli da gafarToebuli afxa-

zeTis samefos adgilas `saqarTvelos

saxelmwifos~.

amdenad, bagrat mesame am `minaweriT~

Tavis Tavs miiCnevda Zveli kolx-ibe-

ruli warmomavlobis dinastiis gamgr-

Zeleblad da adgenda afxazeTis same-

fos axal dinastias. is iyo mpyrobeli

qveynisa, romelic saxels aZlevs mis

mierve Seqmnil axal saxelmwifoebriv

gaerTianebas _ afxazeTis samefos.

am samefoSi Semavali Zveli samefo-

sa erisTavoebi, regionaluri principiT

warmodgenilia mis titulaturaSi, rome-

lic, rogorc vnaxavT, iseve ganicdis

ev ol ucias, rogorc misi samefo _ afxa-

ze Ti.

es titulatura, romelic Semogvinaxa

bagratis mier aSenebuli nikorwmindis

warweram mkvlevarT Soris kamaTis sa-

gans warmoadgens; magram mainc, swored

masSia asaxuli bagratis epoqis sazoga-

doebis warmodgena TavianT samefoze

(qveyanaze).

iv. javaxiSvilma aTonis monastris

erTi xelnaweris mixedviT daadgina, rom

am manuskriptis gadaweris dros (1002 w.)

bagrat III-s miekuTvneboda tituli ̀ afxa-

zTa mefe da qarTvelTa kurapa lati~. mis-

ive ganmartebiT, `maSin igi mxolod af-

xazTa mefed iTvleboda, qar TlSi ki jer

ara, iq mas kurapalatobis pativi hqonda~.

qarTvelTa mefoba `bag ratma mxolod

1008 wels, gurgenis gar dacvalebis Sem-

deg, miiRo~56, xolo nikor wmindis taZris

agebis Jams viTareba Secvlilia.

nikorwmindis taZris warweraSi naT-

qvamia: `qriste Zeo RmrTisao, adide

simrTeliT da dRegrZelobiT Sen mier

gvirgvinosani bagrat afxazTa da ranTa

mefe da qarTvelTa kuropalati da gaza-

rde Ze maTi giorgi~57 maSasadame, es

àfxazTa da ranTa mefe da qarTvelTa

kuropalati~ udris `divnis~ minawerSi

miTiTebul àfxazeTis mefes~.

amdenad, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT,

saxezea afxazTa samefos evolucia

regi onaluri samefodan kavkasiuri

masSta bis centralizebul saxelmwi-

fod, rome lSic gaerTianebulia rogorc

aRmosav lurqarTuli, aseve rigi kavkasi-

uri teritoriebi, isini titulaturaSi

56. g. mWedliZe, dasax. naSromi, gv. 488.57. iqve, gv. 488.


war modgenilia sam regionad (qveynad):

gaerTianebuli axali saxelmwifos

fuZemdebeli (gamaerTianebeli) qveyana

_ afxazeTi; ranTa qveyanaSi ki igulis-

xmeba mTeli aRmosavluri teritoriebi

qarTls gareT, romelnic uSualod Semo-

diodnen afxazeTis saxelmwifoSi; qa-

rTvelTa kurapalati kidev gulis xmobs

bagrat regvenis, gurgen mefeTa-mefis da

daviT kurapalatis sammarTve lo mTel

samxreT-dasavleTis terito riebs.

rac Seexeba minaweris daTariRebas,

is, ra Tqma unda, Sesrulebulia kaxeT-

hereTis da sxva aRmosavluri miwebis

SemoerTebis Semdeg, romlebic aq warmo-

dgenilia `rani~-s saxiT. maSasadame,

es warwera gakeTebulia fadlonTan

dadeb uli zavis Semdeg, SeiZleba iTqvas,

warwera miZRvnaa bagratis samefos aRmo-

sa vleTiT gafarToebisa da kavkasiur

saxelmwifod formirebisadmi da Sesru-

lebulia XI saukunis aTiani wlebis

da sawyisSi, radgan iq giorgi uflis wu-

lze naTqvamia: ̀ gazarde Ze maTi giorgi~.

bagratis gardacvalebisaTvis giorgi

`wlisa aTequsmetisa~ yofila, mas mefo-

bis ufleba aqvs; amitom, roca RmerTs

SesTxoven, ̀ gazardeo~, is ar SeiZleba 10-

12 wlisaze meti iyos, Tu kidev umc rosi

ara. amdenad, am taZris warwera zu stad

unda Seesabamebodes aRmosa v leT miwebis

SemoerTebas.

maSasadame, nikorwminda SeiZleba

mivi CnioT bagrat III-is samefos aRmosa-

v leTiT gafarToebisadmi miZRvnil Zeg-

lad, mis simbolod.

Tuki bagrat III-is mtkice centra li-

sturi politikis gamovlinebaa gudayvis

saepiskoposos moSla da bediis axali

kaTedralis Seqmna58, quTaisis kaTed ra-

lis mSeneb loba SeiZleba misi dedaqal-

aqobis simbolur gamoxatulebad vcnoT,

xolo sveti cxovlis taZris ageba miuTi-

Tebs saxel mwi foebrivi mSeneblobis

kursis moma val mimarTulebaze59, niko-

r wminda ki aris gaerTianebuli saxel-

mwifos _afxaz eTis Seqmnis simbolo.

Tamamad SeiZleba iTqvas, bagrat

III-m afxazeTis samefos irgvliv kolx-

iberuli modgmis ZiriTadi miwa-wylis

gaerTianebiT safuZveli Cauyara axal

politikur realobas kavkasiaSi, rasac

gvidastureben mematianeebi.

amdenad, bagrat III-is mier afxazeTis

gaerTianebuli saxelmwifos SeqmniT

daiwyo kolx-iberuli genetikur, enob-

riv da sarwmunoebriv erTianobaze da-

fuZnebuli saxelmwifos _ saqar Tvelos

_ Seqmna. man safuZveli daudo kavka siuri

politikuri erTianobis ideas.

* * *

bagrat III-is saxelmwifoebriv-poli-

tikuri, socialuri, saerTaSoriso Tu

sarwmunoebriv-kulturuli moRva weo bis

gagebisaTvis udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs

misi Tanamedrove ùcnobi mema tianis~

da sumbat daviTis Zis `cxov rebaÁ da

uwyebaÁ bagrationTaÁ~-s cnobebs, romlis

mixedviTac aRvadgenT ̀ bagratis epoqis~

istorias. amitom bagrat III-is, am didi

mefis, maTeuli Sefaseba naTels hfens

misi Tanamedrove sazogadoebis realur

damokidebulebas mimdinare procesebze,

Cven ki gvaZlevs saSualebas, SeviqmnaT

Cveni subieqturi Sexedul ebani am obi-

eqtur istoriul movlen ebze.

sumbat daviTis Ze, rogorc Sehferis

samefo dinastiis qronists, memkvid-

reobiTobis aRniSvniT gvaZlevs gurgen

mefeTa mefis gardacvalebis Semdeg

bagrat III-is saxelmwifos teritoriebis

da mis samefo-wodebaTa detalur aRwe-

ras. is wers, rom 1008 wels gardaicvala

gurgen mefeT-mefe, bagrat qarTvelTa

mefis Ze, da dauteva `Ze ese TÂsi bagrat,

afxazTa mefe~, kurapalati didi, daeu-

58. m. lorTqifa niZe, iqve. 59. d. musxeliS vili, g. mWedliZe, gv, 580.


fla taos mamulsa TÂissa, da daipyra

yoveli kavkasia TviTmpryrobelobiTa

jiqeTiTgan vidre gurgenisamde, xolo

adarbadagani da Sarvani moxarke-yo.

somxeTisa xelmwifobiTa, nebierad gana-

gebda, mefe sparsTa TÂs megobrad da erT-

gul-yo sibrZniTa da ̀ ZlierebiTa TÂsiTa

ufros saxleulTa TÂsTasa da berZenTa

mefesaca SiSi aqunda amisi yovelidve~60

am cnobaze komentari zemoT gavakeTeT.

udavoa, rom mematiane gadmog v cems im re-

alobas, rogoradac warmodge nili iyo

maSindel samyaroSi bagratis ̀ sa mefo af-

xazeTisa, esaa damoukidebeli erovnuli

saxelm wifo. misi saerTaS o r iso statusi

qri stianuli imperiis ga v lenis sfero Si

_ `didi kurapalatia~.

ivane javaxiSvili wers: bagrat

me fis mtkice xasiaTma, brZnulma da

windaxedulma mmarTvelobam, vaJkacobam,

guladobam da Sors gamWvretelma poli-

tikam saqarTvelo gaaerTiana, arc gasa-

kvi rvelia, Tu rom imdroindeli qarTve-

li istorikosebi misi moRvaweobiT

aRtacebulni cota ar iyos gazviadebiT

gvisuraTeben misis mefobis Wirnaxuls

(xazi _ m.z.)61. marika lorTqifaniZesTan

es `gaz viad eba~ aseT formas iRebs: me-

matianis cnobas SeiZleba `qebaÁ mefisa

bagratisa~ vuwodoT. es istorikosebi

TavianT TanamedroveTaTvis weren da, mar-

Talia, albaT aWarbebdnen... magram mtknar

sicrues ar dawerdnen62. am Sem TxvevaSi

komentari zedmetia, es Cveni Tanamedrove

istorikosebis warmodgena ufroa, vidre

sumbat daviTis Zisadmi braldeba. igi

aseT eWvebis gamoTqmis miuxedavad, iqve

wers: `faqtia, rom cnoba jiqeTidan, e.i.

dasavleT saqarTvelos (afxazeTis) uki-

duresi Crdilo-das av leTi sazRvrebidan

gurge namde (e. i. Si r vanamde) da somxeTis,

e. i. qvemo qarTlis CaTvliT (pyroba)

real ur viTarebas asaxavs~63. is bagrat

III-is mTel moR va weobas, mematianeTa cno-

bebze dayr dnobiT, maTze aranakleb did

Sefasebas aZlevs: ̀ qarTuli miwebis erT

saxelm w ifo sxeulad gaerTianebis didi

isto riuli mniSvnelobis mqone movlena

did nebis yofas, Wkvian da Sors mWvretel

pol itikoss da saxelmwifo moRvawes

moiT xovda qveynis saTaveSi. bagrat III

swo red aseTi gamodga. is mar Tebulad

gae rkva arsebul istoriul viTarebaSi

da mTavar amocanad qarTuli miwebis

Semo erTeba, xelisuflebis cent ra-

lizacia da saerTaSoriso masStabiT

_ saqar T ve los poziciebis ganmtkiceba

daisaxa miznad, da miaRwia kidec mniSv-

nelovan warmatebas64. maSa sadame, mematia-

neTa mim arT undoblobis gamoxa tvis

safuZveli arc unda gvqondes, isini amaze

mets arc arafers weren.

* * *

ùcnobi mematiane~ bagratis daxasi-

a Tebas iZleva ara zogadad, aramed

konkretul didi saxelmwifoebrivi da

saerTaSoriso donis movlenebTan dakav-

SirebiT. is fadlonis, ganZis amiris, wina-

aRmdeg brZolisa da ranis daufle bis

aRwerisas bagrat III-ze ityvis: ̀ am didman

da yovliTurT Zlevamosilman mefeman

bagrat warmotyÂena queyana ranisa~65. aq

araferia gadaWarbebuli da gazviade-

buli, amas mtkiceba ar sWirdeba.

igive matiane bagratis moRvaweobis

daxasiaTebas gvaZlevs bediis taZris

aSenebisa da saepiskoposo saydrad ga-

mocxadebasTan dakavSirebiT: ... ̀ moc Âala

mun gudayvasa saepiskoposo... Seamko yov-

liTa samkauliTa eklesia, akurTxa da

dasva episkoposi~66. am movle naTa gamo

63. iqve, gv. 264.64. saqarTvelos istoria, dasax. gamoc., gv. 263.65. qarTlis cxovreba, gv. 221.66. iqve, gv. 222.

60. qarTlis cxovreba, gv. 290.61. iv. javaxiSvili, dasax. naSromi, gv. 132.62. saqarTvelos istoria, dasax. gamoc., gv. 264.


gvaZlevs igi bagratis daxa siaTebas:

ùkeTu visme enebos gancda da gulisxmis

yofad simaRlisaTvis dideb isa misisa,

pirvelad ganicados samkauli bediisa

eklesiisa, misgan gulisxma-yos, romel

aravin yofil ars sxua mefe msgavsi misi

queyanasa qarT lisasa da af xa zeTisasa~67.

Cven es cnoba zemoT davi mow meT da

nawilobriv kide vac gavar CieT. amjerad

mxolod imas SevniSnavT, rom avtors es

movlena sak maod didi mniSvnelobis aq-

tad aqvs war mo dgenili da amaSi arafe-

ria gadamet ebuli.

Semdgom amisa, is didi mefis mTeli

saqmianobis Sefasebas gvaZlevs da mas

isev saeklesio-sarwmunoebrivi aRmSe-

neb lobis sakiTxs ukavSirebs, kerZod:

àmanve akurTxa eklesia quTaisisa gange-

biTa didiTa da miuwvdomlobiTa~-o68

da gvaZlevs mTeli misi moRvawe obis

Sefasebas am grandiozuli Ronis-

Ziebis fonze, romelSic monawileobdnen

`...ma x lobelni yovelni xelmwifeni da

ka T al ikosni, mRvdelTmoZRvarni da

yo ve lTa monasterTa winamZRvarni, da

yov elni didebulni zemoni da qvemoni,

mamulisa da samefosa misisa myofni da

sxuaTa yovelTa saxelmwifoTani~69. ase-

Ti konkretuli faqtebis aRweris gareSe,

albaT marTlac `gazviadebulad~ da

`gad aWarbebulad~ SeiZleboda mogv-

Cveneboda bagrat mefis mematianisuli

Sefaseba.

mematiane am konkretuli faqtebis

moxmobiT cdilobs zustad gadmogvces

is sazogadoebrivi atmosfero, romelic

arsebobda am didi mefis mimarT. arc

is unda iyos SemTxveviTi, rom is mefis

diadi saqmeebis dasaxasiaTeblad Ziri-

Tadad mis saeklesio-religiur moRva-

weobas mimarTavs. aseT SemTxvevaSi

gamo ricxulia yovelgvari mizanmimar-

Tuli gadaWarbeba, miT umetes, rogorc

m. lorTqifaniZe ityvis, `mtknari si-

cruis~ dawera. am faqtebiT xazi esmeba

mefis RvTis moyvareobas, mis saTnoebas,

qristi anuli sarwmunoebis gaerTianeb-

uli sa mefos ideologiad qcevas, ekle-

siis sax elmwifoebrivi Senobis WerqveS

moq cevas.

amdenad, uWoWmanod unda miviRoT me-

matianis mier faqtebis moxmobis Semdeg

Tezisurad Tqmuli: ès bagrat afxazTa

da qarTvelTa mefe waremarTa yovelTa

xelmwifeTa, yovelTa gangebiTa. amisda

Sempovned da amisda moajed Seiqmnes

yoveli xelmwifeni, maxlobelni da mo-

Taulni mamulisa da samefosa misisani,

molaSqred viTarc TÂsni da misan do-

belni. da daumorCnilna RmerTman yo-

velni mterni da winaaRmdgomni misni;

mo madla dReTa misTa mSvidoba da didi

dawynareba queyanisa da uku Tu vinme

inebos TÂToeulad warmoTqmad yovelTa

gangebulobaTa misTa, mouZlurdes Zala

misi, romelTagan mciredi warmovTqu

JamTa sigrZisagan ar daviwyebisad.

da vTqua eseca, romel Semdgomad

didisa mefisa vaxtang gorgaslisa

aravin gamoCenil ars sxua msgavsi misi

didebiTa da ZaliTa, da yovliTa gon-

ebiTa; eklesiaTa maSenebeli iyo, gla-

xakTa mowyale da samarTlis moqmedi

yo velTa kacTaTvis~70.

amjerad arc Cven dagvrCenia raime

saTqmeli, radgan gvjera mematianis mier

Segonebad Tqmuli, rom Tu vinmem inebos

mis saqmeTa TiToeulad aRwera, mouZ l-

urdeso, oden imas Sevaxsenebdi sakuTar

Tavsac da mis mier safuZvelCayril sax-

elmwifos memkvidreT, rom àr-davi wyeba

moyvrisa arodes gvizams ziansa~.

Tbilisi,

2016 wlis 8 Tebervali.

67. iqve, gv. 222.68. iqve, gv. 222.69. iqve, gv. 222.

70. iqve, gv. 222.


amanve akurTxa eklesia quTaisisa gangebiTa didiTa da miuwvdomeliTa.

rameTu Semoekriba max lobelni yovelni xelmwifeni da kaTa likosni,

mRvdelTmoZRuarni, da yovelni didebulni zemoni da qvemoni, mamulisa

da samefosa misisa myofni, da saxel mwifoTa da sxuaTa yovelTa saxel-

mwi foTani

ucnobi mematiane

bagratis mefoba, erTi mxriv, dagvirgvinebaa im didi kulturul-

politikuri da socialur-ekonomikuri procesisa, romelic wina

saukuneebSi mimdinareobda da qarTveli eris dadginebis xana

SeiZleba vuwodoT.

d. musxeliSvili

saqarTvelos istoria, gv. 182

„ma ti a ne qar Tli saჲ“-Si bag rat III-is bi or ga fi as... daT mo bi li

aqvs 5 gver di. es im pi rov ne bas, ro mel sac gan sa kuT re bu li ro li

mi uZ Rvnis sa qar Tve los ga er Ti a ne ba Si da es mniS vne lo va ni pro ce si

mTli a nad mis sa xel Ta naa da kav Si re bu li.

j. sa mu Sia

bag rat III, gv. 8

momavali saqarTvelos miwa-wylis ZiriTadi fondis gaerTianeba

moxda afxazeTis samefos da misi axali _ bagrationTa dinastiis

irgvliv.

m. zaqaraia

bag rat mesamis mefobis etapebi

bag rat III-is Sem Txve va Si Se iZ le ba 1000 wlis Sem deg qar Tve li

sa zo ga do e ba Se Tan xmdes da eris wi na Se ga we u li dam sa xu re bi saT vis

„af xaz Ta da qar Tvel Ta, ran Ta da kax Ta“ me fes bag rat III-s „ga ma er-

Ti a neb lis“ zed wo de ba mi e kuT vnos“.

j. sa mu Sia

bag rat III. gv. 14


bagratis taZari. 1103 w.`bagratma akurTxa eklesia quTaTisa gangebiT didiTa da miuwvdomliTa~ (mematiane)

sveticxoveli. bagrat III mier sveticxovlis taZris ageba aSkarad... miuTiTebs mis saxelmwifoebrivi

mSeneblobis kursze (d. musxeliSvili)


nikorwminda. nikorwmindis mSenebloba damTavrebula 1010-1014 ww.

bagrat III-is dros aigo an daiwyo mSenebloba: kumur-

dos, kacxis, alaverdis da samTavisis taZrebisa.

g. mWedliZe


zurab xasaia _ adamianis zneobas

yovelTvis gasaWiri adga. yvela dro

mis naklebobas uCioda, amitom ama Tu

im xalxis an xalxebis sulieri winam-

ZRolebi mudam zneobas qadagebdnen.

rogor ggoniaT, xom ar niSnavs es,

rom zneobis normebi adamianis bunebas

ewinaaRmdegeba da Tavisuflebas gviz-

Rudavs? Tu es ase araa, rad ar SeimCneva

istoriaSi zneobis winsvla? xolo Tu

es asea, maSin zneobis qadageba da adami-

anis dausrulebeli damoZRvra usamar-

Tlobaa! Tu zneoba marTlac ewinaaR-

mdegeba adamianis bunebas, maSin misi

qadageba da adamianisTvis Tavs moxveva

kidev ufro amravlebs boro tebas. marT-

lac, adamians bavSvobidanve SeezRudeba

Tavisi bunebis Tavisufali ganviTareba

da warmoiqneba nevrozebi. ramdenadac

vici, swored amas amtkiceben dasavluri

civilizaciis axali mesit yveebi meoce

saukunis damdegidan.

iqneb sruliad sakmarisia egocen-

truli cnobiereba da demokratiulad

miRebuli kanonebisadmi misi samarTleb-

rivi daqvemdebareba? iqneb zneobrivi

cnobiereba warsuls Cabarda?

napo kvaracxelia _ zneobis arsi

sicocxlesTan (saerTod, bunebasTan)

dapirispirebiT unda gavigoT. kanti ami-

tomac upirispirebda erTmaneTs bu neb asa

da zneobas. zneoba adamianis ar sia, misi

sulier-goniTi yofnis gulis gulia. igi

,,metia~ sicocxleze da mis SezRudvas,

alagmvas, erTgvar askezas gulisxmobs.

bunebisa da zneobis amgvar Sepiris-

pirebaze daafuZnes TavianTi eTikuri

moZRvrebani lao-Zim (,,u-vei~), budam (,,nir-

vana~), iesom (,,caTa sasufeveli~), nicSem

(,,zneoba viTarca sicocxlis dekadansi~),

Sopenhauerma (,,sicocxlis nebis uaryo-

fa~) da ase Semdeg.

kultura da adamiani swored akrZal-

vam da represiam warmoSva, amitom ararep-

resiuli civilizacia SeuZlebelia. es

iqneboda adamianis gandgoma sakuTari

zneobrivi arsebisgan da kacobriobis

dabruneba cxovelTa samyaroSi.

ucnobi _ erTob mZime suraTi da xateT,

batonebo, Zalian mZime! nuTu adam ianis

cxovreba represiulobasa da cxo ve-

lobas Soris arCevas niSnavs?! nuTu

an akrZalviT unda viyoT SeboW ili da

represirebuli, anda faunis samyaros

mkvidri?! netavi romels mive kuTvnebi me?

pirdapir getyviT, unda gagawbiloT

_ arc erTs vekuTvni, arc meores. Zvel

droebaTa adamianebis didi umravlesoba

filosofiuri saubari

mrgval magidasTan

d i s k u s i a


marTlac SeboWili iyo viRac winap-

rebis mier dadgenili sazogadoebrivi

normebiT, dauwereli kanonebiT, magram,

madloba RmerTs, adamianma, bolos da

bolos, TvalSi gamoixeda. dauwereli

kanonebi aRar arsebobs da arcaa saWiro.

yvelafris dawera, cxadia, SeuZlebelia,

magram yvelaze mniSvnelovani normebi

daiwera. maT Sedgenasa da daweraSi

TiToeuli Cvengani monawileobs, amitom

es kanonebi ar unda CaiTvalos Cveni

bunebis sawinaaRmdegod.

sityvaze, kanoni moiTxovs sxvisi sa-

kuTrebis xelyofas. ver vxvdebi, Tu

ratomaa es Cemi bunebis sawinaaRmdego

moTxovna. piriqiT, am kanons vemxrobi

da, maSasadame, misdami morCileba ar mz-

Rudavs. amitom arc SeboWili var, arc

,,represirebuli~. me sruliad Tavisuf-

lad aRvasruleb am moTxovnas da, maSa-

sadame, Sors vdgavar cxovelTa samya-

rosgan. arc ,,SeboWil-represirebulad~

mimaCnia Tavi da arc cxovelTa samyaros

mkvidrad.

zurab xasaia _ yoCaR Tqven! magram

sakiTxi imas ki ar exeba, pativcemulo, Tu

rad migaCniaT Tavi. sakiTxi exeba imas,

Tu ra xarT sinamdvileSi. filo sofias

sinamdvile ainteresebs da ara is, Tu vis

ra miaCnia sinamdviled. namdvili mona is

aris, visac Tavisi monoba Tavisufleba

hgonia, magram es rodi xdis am monas

Tavisufal adamia nad.

garda amisa sakiTxavia, marTla emxro-

biT Tu ara Tqven mier xsenebul kanons.

adamiani kanonebs rom emxrobo des, maSin

maTi miReba saWiro ar iqneb oda. Tqven

emxrobiT Wama-smas, amitom arc aravin

gaiZulebT WamoT da svaT. aravis Seuqmnia

kanoni, rom Tqven da TqvenisTana friad

pativcemulma person ebma ikvebon.

xolo sul sxvaa sxvisi sakuTrebis

xelyofis sakiTxi. amas kanoni krZalavs,

radgan gulis siRrmeSi Tqven ar emxro-

biT sxvis uflebebs. Tqven iqneb gwamT

kidec Tqveni patiosneba, oRond am rw-

menas didi gamocda moelis: Tqven sadme,

ukacriel alagas unda ipovoT oqroTi

savse qisa da gulgrilad unda CauaroT

mas, radgan is viRac sxvas ekuTvnis.

ucnobi _ es adamianis buneba ki araa,

aramed _ misi cnobili sisuste. sisustec

adamianuria da vaRiareb: homo sum, humani

nihil a me alienum puto! (adamiani var

da araferi adamianuri CemTvis ucxo ar

aris!). magram, madloba RmerTs, arsebobs

dawerili kanonebi, samarTlis normebi,

romlebic awesrigebs Cvens cxovrebas da

Tavis adgils miuCens am sisusteebs. ver

vxvdebi, ra SuaSia aq dauwereli kanonebi,

zneobis normebi. es xom qvis xanaa?!

me mivesalmebi samarTlebrivi saxel-

mwi fos dasavlur ideas, samoqalaqo

sazogadoebis Senebas. mesmis, rom es

rTuli da winaaRmdegobrivi gzaa, magram

misi gavla araa SeuZlebeli. Cven mxarSi

gvidganan Cveni dasavleTeli megobrebi

da amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi. sworad

brZana es batonma RaribaSvilma, iraklim.

zurab xasaia _ kinaRam gamixarda; vi-

fiqre, me Tu vTqvi-meTqi sworad. mixaria,

rom adamiani yofilxarT da araferi

adamianuri ar geucxoebaT. es uZvelesi

fraza friad popularuli gaxda Cvens

droSi. Cawvebian xolme talax-wvireSi

da iqidan RuRuneben, araferi adamianuri

CvenTvis ucxo araao. me ki megona, rom

sindis-namusic adamianuria.

daweril da dauwerel kanonebs rac

exeba: Tqven did miRwevad migaCniaT

kanonebis dawera. ai, lakedemonelTa

rjulismdebeli likurge ki sxvagva-

rad fiqrobda. wesi ar unda daiweroso,

brZanebda. diax, Tqvengan sruliad gan-

sxvavebulad fiqrobda, radgan Zalian

Wkviani iyo. roca wesi araa dawerili,

is gulSi da gonebaSi weria. amitom

adamiani mas ar arRvevs, icavs da Tavis

Tavze maRldeba amiT. xolo roca am wess

qaRaldze gadaitans, wesi igi mkrTal-

deba Cvens arsebaSi da nelinel qreba,

amoSreba iqidan. amieridan mas mxolod

SiSis gamo vemorCilebiT, Tavad ki aRar

veTanxmebiT. sakmarisia movRon ierdeT


an TanamdebobiT win waviwioT, Cveni SiSi

iklebs da Cvens TviTnebobas TiTqmis

aRaraferi akavebs.

mecnierebis enaze rom vTqvaT, samarTa-

li araraa zneobis gareSe. roca qveyana

iuristebiT aivseba, qveynidan patiosani

xalxi uCinardeba. amitom Zveli romi

erTdroulad iyo samarTlis Semqmneli

qveyanac da ukiduresad wamxdaric zne-

ob rivad. SeiZleba samarTlis kode qsi

srul wesrigSi gqondes, xalxmac igi sul

sxapasxupiT icodes, magram mas aravin

aRasrulebdes.

sityvam moitana da unda giTxraT:

samarTlebrivi saxelmwifoTi da samoqa-

laqo sazogadoebiT evropelTa gataceba

maTi sulieri krizisis maCvenebelia.

adamianis ideali moqalaqeoba ki araa,

pirovnulobaa. adamiani TviTon unda

iyos Tavisi Tavis ,,saxelmwifoc~ da

,,sazo gadoebac~.

did musikos hendels didi Wamac hyva-

rebia. erTxelac kafeSi SeukveTia bevri

saWmeli. oficiants sufra gauw yvia da

gakvirvebuls ukiTxavs, Tqveni sazoga-

doeba sadRaa, batonoo. me TviTon var

sazogadoebao, upasuxia musikoss.

adamiani sazogadoebisa da saxelmwi-

fos nawili ki araa, aramed, piriqiT,

sazogadoeba da saxelmwifoa adamianis

nawili. ,,Sinagani sazogadoeba~ da ,,Sina-

gani saxelmwifo~ adamianSi _ ai ideali!

adamianis gza sakuTari Tavisken mimava-

li gzaa. am gzis gavlaSi ki verc evropa

dagexmareba da verc amerika. is TviTon

unda gaiaro kacma sulieri ganaTlebis

meSveobiT. sakiTxavi sxvaa: ra ganaTlebaa

es? TiTqmis yvela didi moazrovne ambobs,

rom es, upirveles yovlisa, sakuTari

erovnuli kulturis aTvisebaa.

ismis Zneli kiTxva: ramdenad aucileb-

elia adamianisTvis, misi inteleqtua-

luri da pirovnul-nebelobiTi Zale bis

ganviTarebisTvis erovnuli kultu ra,

erovnebisadmi kuTvnileba?

napo kvaracxelia _ adamianis zneobas

erTi daumSrali wyaro aqvs. es wyarosT-

vali eri da samSobloa.

Zveli berZnebi ,,eToss~ (zneobas)

garkveul adgilTan, sacxovrisTan, ak-

ropolisTan (romauli ,,civitas~) akav-

Sirebdnen. aqedan _ maTi mijaWvul oba

mSobliur miwasTan, maTi patrio tizmi.

marbiel da momTabare eTnosebs ,,eTos~

ar gaaCniaT. sxvaTa Soris, ,,eTnos~ da

,,eTos~ saerTo Ziris sityvebia. aseTi eT-

nosebi uzneo da barbarosebia. sok rate

amayobda da RmerTebs madlobas swiravda,

rom elinad daibada da ara barbarosad.

Zveli berZnuli gagebiT, patriotizmi,

uwinares yovlisa, zneobrivi kategoriaa,

adamianis Sinagani bunebis ganuyofeli

nawilia. zneobrivi adamiani ar SeiZleba

patrioti ar iyos. patriotizms ver aR-

mofxvris verc kosmopolitizmi, verc

globalizacia.

qristianoba warmoiSva kosmopol itur

moZRvrebad, raSic didia stoel filo-

sofosTa Rvawli, magram mogviane biT

igi uaRresad erovnul movlenad iqca.

gvaxsovs, qarTuli qristianoba aigivebda

kidec ,,qarTvelsa~ da ,,qris tians~.

igive bedi elis globalizaciasac.

pirveli qristianebi mTel maSindel

,,oikumeneze~ daexetebodnen. Tanamedrove

adamianic mTel dedamiwaze daxetia-

lobs. is gaxda homo viator (momTabare

adamiani). bolos ki yvela Tavis adgils

ipovis...

ucnobi _ Cven movismineT tipuri ,,pa-

triotuli filosofia~ _ sakacobrio

populizmis iSviaTi Sedevri! igi qvis

xanaSi iSva da adamianur crurwmena Tagan

yvelaze xangamZle gamodga; samSob lo

yvelaze sastiki da gaumaZRari molo-

qia. moxerxebulad irgebs igi oqros

gvirgvins da cru mefed gvevli neba. o,

raoden yalbia es gvirgvini, misi yvela

samkauli da samSvenisi! cru mefeni ki

gansakuTrebuli ampartavne biTa da si-

sastikiT gamoirCevian. sakma risia eWvi

Seitano maTSi da isinic TavianTi Za-

lauflebis yvela berkets gamoiyeneben

Sens Casaqolad. aki qvis xanaSi Caqolva

namdvili ultima ratio gaxlavT.


Tqven filosofosebi brZandebiT, ma-

gram dasabuTebis dros avtoriteteb-

isken iSverT xels da dabneul sokra tes

imowmebT; kacs, vinc TiTqmis araferi

icoda da TviTonve aRiarebda, rom mx-

olod es icoda. Tu dasabuTebis umaR-

lesi mwvervali avtoritetis damo wmebaa,

me sokrateze did avtoritets movuxmob.

pavle mociquli etyoda galatelebs:

,,ukve ar arsebobs aRarc iudeveli, aRarc

berZeni, aRarc mona da aRarc Tavisufali,

aRarc mamri da aRarc mdedri, rameTu

Tqven yvelani erTi xarT qriste iesoSi~

(galatelTa 4. 28). aSkaraa: erisadmi

kuTvnilebas, erovnul niSans apostoli

ar aniWebs did mniS vnel obas. mTavari

rwmenaa da ara ero vneba. adamiani RmerTs

ekuTvnis da ara samSoblos. RmerTi sam-

Sobloze maRlaa!

tomebis, eTnosebis aRreviT miikvlevs

gzas kacobrioba da iqmneba istoria.

yovelive, raic sazRvrebSia moqceuli,

berwia da unayofo. mxolod yovelgvari

naWuWis, maT Soris erovnulis, rRveviT

miiRweva sisxlis da Segnebis gadaxali-

seba da ganviTareba. Semoqmedeba SeuZl-

ebelia zneobrivi normebis, am eTikuri

idiotizmis, garRvevis gareSe. yvela did

Semoqmeds zneobrivi, ,,wesieri~ adamian ebi

asamarTlebdnen. aki zneoba moiTxovs

morCilebas, xolo Tavisuf leba da

Semoqmedeba SeuZlebelia sazRvrebis

gadalaxvis gareSe.

Tqven mier damowmebuli berZnebis gan-

viTareba samSoblodan gasvliT iwyeba.

swored esaa iliadasa da odiseas mTa-

vari azri. berZnebic, umetesad, samSoblos

tovebdnen da daexetebodnen. platonis

Tqmisa ar iyos, maT ,,bayayebi viT daikaves

didi tbis napirebi~. erTiani saberZne-

Tis erovnuli gancda maT saerTod ar

hqoniaT.

didi adamiani ekuTvnis ara samSob los,

aramed kacobriobas, msoflios. savsebiT

veTanxmebi merab mamardaSvils, vinc am-

bobda: ,,WeSmariteba samSobloze maRla

dgas!~

zurab xasaia _ samagierod, Tqven, ra

Tqma unda, ar eTanxmebiT iakob gogebaS-

vilis azrs: ,,mSobliuri ena sulis enaa,

sxva enebi ki _ oden mexsi erebis monap-

ovari~.

ucnobi _ diax, ar veTanxmebi. es

gadaWarbebaa da ewinaaRmdegeba faqtebs.

Tqven paTetikuri frazebiT saubrobT, me

ki faqtebiT galaparakebiT.

meTvramete saukunis ruseTSi rusuli

ena sayvelpuro enad iTvleboda da Ta-

vadaznauroba bavSvebs akvnidanve fran-

gul enaze zrdida; magram amas xeli ar

SeuSlia rusuli cnobierebis mZlav ri

ganviTarebisTvis da literaturaSi, xe-

lovnebaSi, mecnierebis TiTqmis yvela

dargSi geniosebis warmoSobisTvis.

mecxramete saukunis saqarTveloSic,

rusulenovani gimnaziebis pirobebSi,

qarTuli erovnuli azrovneba, piriqiT,

ayvavda.

gana yirgizi Cingiz aiTmaTovi rus-

ul ad ar azrovnebda da werda? arada,

Sedevrebi ki Seqmna. Cvenma daviT kldi aS-

vilma ki qarTuli ena mowifulobis asak-

SiRa iswavla sagangebod, moTxro bebis

dasawerad. es pirwmindad ewinaaR mdegeba

Tqven mier moxmobil gogebaS vilis fra-

zas mSobliuri enis gansak uT rebuli

mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb.

zurab xasaia _ Tqven zusti azrov-

nebis Tayvanismcemeli CanxarT da ami-

tom meti sizustisken unda mogiwodoT:

Cingiz aiTmaTovi rusulad ki ar werda,

aramed rusuladac da yirgizuladac.

xolo azrovnebda igi sworedac yirgiz-

ulad. amouwuravi wiaRi misi romanebisa

da moTxrobebisa, TviT publicisturi

werilebisac ki, iyo yirgizuli miTosi

da zepirsityviereba.

xolo rac exeba daviT kldiaSvils:

mowifulobis asakSi man qarTuli ki ar

iswavla, aramed _ saliteraturo qar-

Tuli. es ki ori sxvadasxva ramaa. mSob-

liuri ena, ris gadamwyvet mniSvnelo-

bazec Cven vsaubrobT, saliteraturo


ena rodia. is xalxuri, ,,sacxovrebo

enaa~. vinc Tavis mSobliur enaSi ar

cxovrobs, is verc iazrovnebs. mas eqneba

,,unar-Cvevebi~, magram ara azrovneba. mas

SeeZ leba ,,situaciebSi garkveva~, magram

ar SeeZleba ,,cxovreba~. misi tvini ar

gamodgeba azrovnebisTvis, Semoqmedebi-

sTvis...

ucnobi _ vamayob, rom ar mesmis Tqveni.

me ver vxvdebi, ras gulisxmobT azrovne-

baSi. amitom davubrundebi Cems saTqmels.

kacma rom Tqvas, arc ise xelwamo-

sakravia laTinuri azri: ,,sadac kargad

var, Cemi samSobloc iq ari!~ damisax eleT

samSoblos raime sagnobrivi, gulis

aCuyebisgan, grZnobamoreuli gancdebis-

gan da sxva sisusteebisgan gansxvavebuli

upiratesoba...

napo kvaracxelia _ arada, swored

im ,,gulis aCuyebisgan, grZnobamoreuli

gancdebisgan da sxva sisusteebisgan~

Sedgeba adamianoba. CamoacileT adamians

eseni da darCeba roboti, yinulmWreli!

xom gaxsovT, ra gulubryvilod da kar-

gad gamoxata es gancdebi da sisus teebi

grigol orbelianma Tavis mSvenier le-

qsSi ,,iaralis~:

Cemo iarali, netavi odes

lxiniT aRvsilni vhsxdeT velsa

mwvanes,

Cveneburada,

Zveleburada

vsvamdeT, viZaxdeT:

iari-arali!

jeirnis mwvadi SiSiniT cecxlzeda

dastrialebdes,

ynosva, damtkbari mis suniT,

madasa gangviRviZebdes.

kaxuris RviniT aRvsili azarfeSaca

xels gvepyras;

moTali, Tevzi, mwvanili

agviWrelebdnen win sufras...

ucnobi _ ese igi, Tqven ver damisa-

xeleT samSoblos raime sagnobrivi,

seriozuli upiratesoba, radgan aseTad

migaCniaT mconara Tavadis kulinar iuli

idiliebi. diax! verc daasaxeleb diT,

radgan, bolos da bolos, adamiani gana

mTel samyaros ar ekuTvnis? ratomaa

aucilebeli misi cxovrebis Semofargv-

la erovnuli sacxovrisisa da kulturis

sazRvrebiT?!

iqneb globalizaciis pirobebSi sam-

Soblos mniSvneloba da Rirebuleba

gadaxedvas saWiroebs, rogorc erT dros

gadaixeda sakuTari soflisa da tomis

mniSvneloba da Rirebuleba.

iqneb samSoblosadmi Zveli mijaWvu-

loba adamianuri sisustea da ara ,,didi,

waruvali Rirebuleba~.

metic SeiZleba iTqvas: iqneb am mija-

Wvu lobis meore, faruli da usiamovno

mxare qsenofobiaa. aki ,,sakuTaris~ gamZa-

frebuli gancda ,,ucxos~ gancdasac

amZafrebs da iqmneba ganxeTqileba, konf-

rontacia! ,,sakuTaris~ siyvaruli SeuZ-

leb elia ,,sxvisis~ siZulvilis gareSe.

es is siyvarulia, romelsac siZulvilis

gareSe arseboba ar SeuZlia.

zurab xasaia _ saocaria, ramdeni

sabuTi arsebula samSoblosa da patri-

otizmis winaaRmdeg!

maxsendeba erTi saintereso ambavi.

Cvenma nacionalebma samecniero dawese-

bul ebidan gauSves 55 wlis mecnierebaTa

doqtori, raTa mis adgilze mieRoT 23

wlis uxarisxo magistranti. Tan kargad

auxsnes, rom misi moxsna gamarTlebuli

iyo ramdenime kanonis ramdenime muxliT,

punqtiT da damatebebiT. mecnierebaTa

doqtori daibna, mxrebi aiCeCa da Tqva,

ramdeni kanoni arsebula Cems mosaxs-

nelado. es ambavi gamaxsena samSoblosa

da patriotizmis winaaRmdeg mwyobrad

Camoyalibebulma Tqvenma argumentaciam.

Tqven samSoblo migaCniaT dedamiwis

kuTxe-kunWulad, amitom patriotizmic

kuT xe-kunWulTan Wirveuli mijaWvul oba

ggoniaT. am gadasvlaSi logika uTuod

aris. magram saqme isaa, rom samSo blo


araa dedamiwis kuTxe-kunWuli. is, saer-

Tod, araa fizikuri sagani. is Tavisi

enis stiqiiT da unikaluri istoriiT

Cveni zneobis anu, rogorc ilia WavWavaZe

ambobs, ,,kacobrivi arsis~ erTgvari fizi-

kuri gamosaxulebaa.

Cvens adamianur Rirsebas mxolod

es ,,kacobrivi arsi~ qmnis. amohkveTeT

adami anisgan es arsi da xelT dedamiwis

usaZaglesi cxoveli SegrCebaT. cdebo-

dnen is filosofosebi, vinc ,,kacobriv

arss~ Tandayolilad an sazogadoebriv

qmnilebad Tvlidnen. is diaxac adamia-

nebTan urTierTobaSi iqmneba, oRond es

araa ubralo ,,sazogadoebrivi urTier-

Tobebi~. Cveni ,,kacobrivi arsi~ mxolod

samSoblosTan urTierTobaSi iqmneba.

qarTul enaSi ,,uTvistomoba~ ,,uzne-

obis~ badali sityvaa. Cveni zneoba anu

,,kacobrivi arsi~ samSoblodan moed ineba.

amitom samSoblo Cveni Sinagani idento-

baa da SeuZlebelia iyos gare gani, fizi-

kuri sagani. samSoblo gvagr Znobinebs,

rom dabadebamdec viyaviT, vibrZodiT

didgorTanac da bazaleT Tanac, vwerdiT

vefxistyaosans da vageb diT sveticxov-

els. samSoblo aseve gvagrZnobinebs, rom

raRacnairad viqne biT sikvdilis merec.

erTi sityviT, samSoblos wyalobiT

TiToeuli Cven gani Tavis Tavze metia

da amitomaa is Cve ni ,,kacobrivi arsis~

dvrita namdvi li.

Tqven samSoblo tvirTad migaCniaT da

misi uRlisTvis genanebaT Tqveni Zvir-

fasi kiseri. tician tabiZem sxvagva rad

Tqva:

,,davbadebulvar, rom viyo mona

da saqarTvelos medgas uReli~.

visac samSoblos uReli eucxoeba, is

gadamTielis uRelSi gahyofs Tavs. ada-

miani sizifea _ tvirTisTvisaa Seqmnili.

visac tvirTi ar miaqvs, is mCatea da qari

gaitacebs bumbul-bundRliviT. visac

hgonia, rom TavisTvis zrunavs, is mara-

diul martoobas imzadebs da samares

uTxris Tavis Tavs. misi saflavis qvaze

waewereba: ,,Tavi davkarge gmiria!~.

Tqven sworad SeadareT samSoblo sas-

tik moloqs, magram dagaviwydaT: adamiani

isedac samsxverplo SeSaa. mas erTad-

erTi arCevani aqvs _ uRimRamo sikvdilsa

da Rirseul sikvdils So ris. SeiZleba

Tavi daaRwio samSob los ,,sastik kerps~,

magram maSin gamoCn deba sxva, uTuod

maxinji kerpi da is CanTqavs adamianis

codvil arsebas.

zneobisa da samSoblos Sesaxeb kamaTs

mivyavarT nicSeseuli zekacis TemasTan.

Cvens saubarSi es Tema aSkarad ikveTeba.

es Cveni pativcemuli batoni sworedac

zekacia, visi mosvlac fridrix nicSem

iwinaswarmetyvela saukune-naxevris win.

marTlac, vin aris zekaci? es aris

adamiani, visac ar swams TanagrZnoba da

siyvaruli; samagierod, swams brZola

da batonoba. diax, ar swams TanagrZnoba

da siyvaruli, radgan maTs safuZvelSi

xedavs SiSs. TanagrZnoba da siyvaruli

mas miaCnia SiSis Rrma simptomebad. SiSze

damyarebuli cxovreba ki monobaa, xolo

SiSis gasaReba TanagrZnobad da siyvaru-

lad _ sicrue. ai, ratom ar swams zekacs

TanagrZnoba da siyvaruli.

sul sxvaa brZola da batonoba. es

swams zekacs, radgan maTSi Zala Cans.

Zlieri sicocxle jansaRia, Rirseulia,

marTalia. masze maRla samSoblos da

moyvasis siyvarulis dayeneba bunebrivi

wesrigis darRvevaa, sicocxlis dasneu-

lebaa.

napo kvaracxelia _ nicSem dasav-

luri civilizaciis Sedegebi gaaxmovana,

roca yvela Rirebuleba uaryo da erTad-

erT absolutur Rirebulebad sicocxle

gamoacxada. swored amis gamoxatule-

baa ,,zekacis~ da ,,RmerTis sik vdi lis~

cnebebi. zneobisgan Tavisuf ali zekaci

RmerTisa da zneobis anti podia.

nicSes rwmeniT, adamians zneobis saxiT

ukurnebeli seni Seeyara, romelic xifaTs

uqmnis da gaqrobiT emuqreba sicocxles.

sicocxlisa da batonobis nebaze miSve-


bul uzneo adamians hqvia zekaci.

Tanamedrove dasavlur civilizacias

adamianis es nicSeseuli gageba udevs

safuZvlad. mas ukve aRar sjera su-

lier-goniTi da zneobrivi samyaros

arsebo bisa, magram sicocxle autaneli

da sazi zRaria, Tu mas zneobis Sara-

vandedi ar adgas da zneobiT ar aris

mowesrige buli.

ucnobi _ Tqveni msjeloba yovel Tvis

swori da uzado meCveneba, sanam Se fa sebas

daiwyebdeT. ucnauri STabeW dileba mrCe-

ba: Tqven saocrad sworad gesmiT samyaro,

magram ratomRac uar yofT mas. Tqvene-

buri analizidan ar gamomdinareobs is

Sefasebani, rom l ebsac gvTavazobT.

Tqven ambobT: ,,sicocxle autaneli

da sazizRaria, Tu mas zneobis Saravan-

dedi ar adgas da zneobiT araa mowesri-

gebuli~. damerwmunebiT, bunebas aranairi

zneoba ara aqvs, magram gana lamazi araa?

mSieri vefxvis sisastikes sazRvari ara

aqvs, magram sanadirod gamosul vefxvze

lamazi raRaa? vaJa-fSavelac ambobda:

,,mainc ki lamazi ari, mainc siturfiT

hyvavisa~. gana didgoris omic Taviseb-

urad lamazi araa? yovel SemTxvevaSi,

is araa autaneli da sazizRari.

piriqiT ki mgonia: zneobrivi idilia,

roca yvela erTmaneTisTvis zrunavs,

sazizRari da autaneli iqneboda swor-

edac. egoizmis winaaRmdeg ,,eTikuri

SeT qmuleba~ joguri instinqtis gadmo-

naSTia. egoizms, piriqiT, xeli unda

Seewyos _ is unda mowesrigdes, raTa

cxovreba bunebriv kalapotSi idges

da ara qristianuli zneobis xelovnur

artaxebSi. buneba da sicocxlea absol-

uturi Rirebuleba...

zurab xasaia _ buneba da sicocxle

Tvalis Sesavlebadaa lamazi, Torem

maTi Sinaarsi damTrgunvelia. batoni

napo Sinaarsze saubrobs swored. hin-

dis upaniSadebSi weria es brwyinvale

Sen iSvna: ,,didebulia saganTa Wvreta, ma-

gram saSinelia am sagnebad yofna!~. diax,

aseve STambeWdavia didgoris omis yureba,

magram saSinelia Sig monawileoba; ra

sjobia boboqari okeanis Wvretas, magram

erTi sinjeT Sig gadavardna!

napo kvaracxelia _ vinc sico cxlis

upirobo da absolutur Rireb ulebas

aRiarebs, is zneobas uaryofs. es viTa-

reba zRvruli sicxadiTaa gamoT qmuli

adamianis maqs Seleriseul gagebaSi. misi

mtkicebiT, gonisa da pirovnebis birTvs

zneoba Seadgens. zneobriv pirovnebad

yofna niSnavs: mZlavri ,,ara!~ esrolo

samyaros, mTel sinamdviles, pirvel

rigSi ki _ sico cxles da sasicocxlo

instinqtebs.

cxovelisgan gansxvavebiT, pirovneba

aris is, visac SeuZlia ,ara~-s Tqma. is

aris ,,sicocxlis asketi~, maradiuli

protestanti da meamboxe. cxoveli ki

mxolod Semguebeli da ,,ho~-s mTqmelia.

rusTvelic adasturebs: ,,vaqeb Wkuasa

brZenTasa, romelni eurCebian~, radgan

,,brZenni icnoben, swunoben, marT maTgan

sawunaria~. aqedan _ misi ironiuli da ag-

debuli damokidebuleba sicocxlis admi:

,,me igi var, vin sicocxles ar amo vkref

kitrad berad, vis sikvdili moyvrisaTvis

TamaSad da uCans mRerad.~

adamianisTvis sxva alternativa ar ar-

sebobs: an cxovelad darCena, an zneobriv

arsebad yofna; asea, radgan, heraklites

formuliT, ,,eTosi (zneoba) adamianis

demonia~.

zurab xasaia _ gadaWarbeba mgonia

,,bunebrivi kalapotisa~ da ,,qristia-

nuli zneobis xelovnuri artaxebis~

Sepirispireba Cveni zekacis mier. gana

bunebisTvis ase ucxoa TanagrZnoba? gana

TanagrZnoba ase arabunebrivia? cxenebi

SfoTaven, borgaven da gangaSs texen,

roca brZolis velze cxenebis gvamebze

gadadian; patara bavSvi wuxs, roca sxva

bavSvis mware tirili esmis. TanagrZnoba

adamianis bunebrivi Tvisebaa da, am azriT,

zneoba ar ewinaaRmdegeba bunebas.

TanagrZnobis am sruliad bunebrivi


faqtis arseboba gvarwmunebs, rom cxov-

re baSi ar unda iyos amdeni usaxlkaro

da ubeduri, amdeni Rataki, xelebi rom

dahkoJrebiaT lukmapurisTvis brZo-

laSi; amdeni omi da daWrili, suli rom

amosdiT nel agoniaSi; amdeni upatrono

da mawanwala bavSvi, romlebic SuriT

Sescqerian TavianT Tanatolebs da qvey-

niereba mwuxarebisa da tanjvis savaned,

bananebiTa da maxrCobela gvelebiT savse

usastikes junglebad exatebaT.

aseTia cxovreba Tavis Ziris ZirSi;

xolo yovelive amisadmi gulgrili zeka-

ci, es ,,qera bestia~, mtacebeli cxovelis

yvelaze ugvano saxeobasa hgavs.

ucnobi _ RmerTo Cemo, bolos da bo-

los, vceT pativi realobis kanonebs.

cxovreba brZolaa da visac sicocxle

uyvars, brZolac unda uyvardes. xolo

brZola vis gaugia damarcxebulTa ga-

reSe? diax, damarcxebulTa gareSe br-

Zola ar iqneba, xolo brZolis gareSe _

sicocxle.

Tqven mxolod imas ambobT, Tu ra ar

unda iyos, magram Zalian bundovani

warmodgena gaqvT imaze, Tu ra unda iyos.

gindaT tanjva ar iyos, magram ver ambobT,

Tu ra unda iyos. me ki, Tqvengan gansxva-

vebiT, vici, Tu ra unda iyos. unda iyos

gamarjvebuli, warmatebuli adamiani.

aRta cebuli var miliarderebiT, msof-

li oSi cnobili saxeebiT. aseT adamianTa

arsebobisTvis gamarTlebulia nebis-

mieri tanjva da msxverpli. siyvaruliTa

da TanagrZnobiT savse msoflio fsiqo-

paTebis avadmyofuri laybobis sagania.

es bunebis degeneracia iqneboda.

zurab xasaia _ me ara marto is vici,

rac ar minda, aramed isic, rac minda. me

ar minda gulgriloba. nu amarTlebT

mas. roca gulgrilobas vamarTlebT da

mxars vuWerT, amiT vamravlebT da vamkvi-

drebT mas.

isic vici-meTqi, rac minda: Tanagr Znoba,

siyvaruli, silamaziT tkboba. adamians

amas unda vaswavlideT da amis magaliTs

vaZlevdeT. Tqven ki Tqveni azrebiTac da

cxovrebiTac gulgri lobasa da sisas-

tikes nergavT garSemo.

ucnobi _ nuTu ar gifiqriaT, rom

TanagrZnoba Seuracxmyofelia?! roca

adamiani gecodebaT, amiT mis Rirsebas

laxavT. moikrebs Zalas is adamiani,

gamova mdgomareobidan da sakadris pa-

suxs gagcemT, Surs iZiebs Tqvenze. visac

moWarbebulad sCvevia TanagrZnoba, mas

uxaria adamianTa yofna tanjvaSi. es ki

sneulebaa. aseTi sazizRari avadmyofis

wviriani suli brwyinvaled daxata knut

hamsunma ,,misteriebSi~ maicas saxiT.

veWvob, Tqven gagaCndeT silamaziT tk-

bobis unari, Tuki ar giyvarT lomi, arwivi

da gveli _ es ZalmorWmuli, mZvinvare

mtaceblebi. arada, maTze lamazi arafe-

ria, radgan gansakuTrebul silamazes

swored ZalmorWmuleba gamo a sxivebs da

ara TanagrZnoba.

napo kvaracxelia _ batonebo, Cveni

kamaTi faqtebis areSi rom Tavsdebodes,

is dasruldeboda faqtobrivi sabuTebis

moxmobiT, magram igi grZnobebis sferos

ufro exeba, ris gamoc arasodes das-

rul deba.

Tu adamians Tbili guli aqvs, is Tana-

grZnobisa da siyvarulis momxre iqneba

mudam, magram Tu adamians civi guli aqvs,

mas gulTbiloba SiSis Sedegi hgonia da

ar moiwonebs mas, ver dae Tanxmeba qris-

tianul morals.

piradad me ki mgonia: avTandili, alu-

da qeTelauri, oTaraanT qvrivi moyvass

TanaugrZnoben ara SiSis, aramed umaR-

lesi Segnebis gamo.


kaxa qecbaiaG

globalizacia: Sobis

dResaswauli da santa-

klausi,

koka-kola da

postTanamedrove

ideologia

Sesavali

politikur da ekonomikur planSi

po st modernuli epoqa `globaluri

kapita lizmis agresiul eqspansias~

warmoad gens, rac Tanamedrove msofli-

oSi sxvadasxva tradiciuli religi-

uri dResaswaulis transformirebuli

saxiT aRniSvnis faqtiTac dasturdeba.

postTanamedrove sazogadoebaSi indivi-

du aluri kulturebi yoveldRiuri

cxovrebis mTel rig sferoebSi glo-

bal izaciis procesis mier maqsimalurad

Seviwroebulia. yovelive es kidev ufro

naTeli gaxdeba mas Semdeg, rodesac

qristianuli kulturis TvalsazrisiT

erT ubralo kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemas

SevecdebiT: vin aris postTanamedrove

msoflioSi Sobis dResaswaulis mTa-

vari gmiri? am kiTxvaze pasuxi evropis,

amerikis, aziisa da afrikis mTeli rigi

qveynebis warmomadgenelTaTvis, samwu-

xarod, saerToa.

sxvadasxva nacionaluri kulturis

pirobebSi, romlebic postTanamedrove

msoflioSi qristes Sobas aRniSnaven,

sruliad naTelia, rom globaluri

aspeqtiT dResaswaulis mTavari gmiri

da centraluri figura gaxda ara

germa nuli vainaxtsmani (`Sobis papa~),

ara franguli per noeli, ara Sveduri

iolo tomeni, ara daniuri iulemandeni,

ara norvegiuli iulebuki, ara kareliis

pakaine, ara rusuli `ded marozi~ an

qarTuli Tovlis babua, aramed santa-

klausi, Tumca amJamad arc ise rTulia

yvela am niRbis miRma maTi winare saxis

_ nikoloz mironlukielis danaxva da

umal gaxseneba imisa, rom dResaswaulis

mTavari moqmedi piri ieso qristea, rom-

lis Soba am dReebSi aRiniSneba. arcTu

ise Soreuli warsulis gamocdi lebidan

cnobilia, Tu rogor gaqra es urTierT-

kavSiri kulturuli mexsiereb idan (rac

miT ufro damaxasiaTebeli iyo sabWoTa

cnobierebisaTvis). qristes Sobis dRe-

saswaulis arsis identifi cirebis prob-

lematuroba postsekula ruli epoqis

mTavari maxasiaTebeli gax da, romlis

mTavari niSani, aTeizmisagan gansxvavebiT,

aris ara religiasTan brZo la, aramed

misi simulireba da profa nacia, abuCad

agdeba, ris pirobasac dasav lur kul-

turaSi arsebuli saSobao tradiciebis

istoria iZleva, romelSic ukve karga

xania erTmaneTSi airia wm. nikolozis

xsovna, Soba da silvestri.

protestantobam saerTod uari Tqva

wmindanTa Tayvaniscemis ideaze; kaTol-

ikur liturgiul kalendarSi wmindani,

saxelwodebiT nikolozi, ar gvxvdeba,

Tumca santa-klausi, romelic bavSvebs

saSobao saCuqrebs urigebs, mTels msof-

lioSi, CineTisa da iaponiis CaTvliT,

yvelam icis. im qveynebSic ki, sadac qris-

tianTa ricxvi arcTu ise sagrZ nobia,

globalizaciis epoqaSi Sobis dResas-

waulis mTavari gmiri da centra luri

simbolo santa-klausia, romlis gareg-

nuli saxe postTanamedrove msof lios

kulturul cxovrebaSi kidev ufro

myardeba koka-kolas sareklamo logo-

tipis meSveobiT.

albaT arc isaa SemTxveviTi, rom post-

modernuli epoqis gmiris _ santas sam-

Soblo amerikaa, qveyana, romelic bodri-

globalizacia da religia


arma aRwera, rogorc `Tanamed roveobis

mTavari simulakri~. saerTod, wminda

nikolozis xsovnis aRniSvnis tradicia

amerikaSi evropidan gadasaxl ebulebma

Caitanes. kerZod, holandiis koloniis

axalma binadrebma, romel TaTvis niu-

amsterdamis zeciur mfarve lad Sinterklaas (wm. nikolozi) iyo mi Cneuli, romelic

mogvianebiT niu-iorkad mogvevlina. san-

ta-klausis viz ualuri saxis safuZveli

gaxda Sveduri warmomavlobis amerikeli

mxatvris hedon sandblumis mier 1931

wels koka-kolas dakveTiT Seqmnili

gamosaxuleba. faqtobrivad, santas

gamosaxuleba koka-kolas sareklamo

strategiis far g lebSi Seiqmna. proeqti

imdenad warma tebuli aRmoCnda, rom 1966

wlamde hedoni firmis dakveTiT yovel-

wliurad santas kidev erT saxes qmnida

koka-kolas reklamisaTvis. Sesabamisad,

Tavis tradiciul saxes santa swored

am kompanias unda umadlodes, radganac

man uzrunvelyo santas, rogorc Sobis

sim bo los, mTel msoflioSi gavrceleba.

yovelive amis Sedegad santa, rogorc

sareklamo simbolo, epoqis erT-erT

saukeTeso brendadaa aRiarebuli.

koka-kolas sareklamo kampaniis fa-

rglebSi santa-klausis ier-saxis imgva ri

arsebiTi metamorfoza moxda, rome lmac

didad ganapiroba misi Semgomi bedi.

swored es sareklamo proeqti gvexmareba

misi bunebis wvdomaSi. wminda nikolozis

saxe gamoyenebul iqna sasmelis reklam-

irebisaTvis (rac religiuri Tvalsaz-

risiT mkrexelobaa), romelic Taname-

drove amerikuli eqspa nsiis `xatia~. igi

srul SesabamisobaSia ame rikul ideo-

logiasTan, rogorc cxovrebis àxal

wesTan~. es yvelaferi meore msoflio

omis Semdeg moxda, rodesac koka-kolas

qarxnebi aucil ebeli wesiT amerikis

gavlenis zonebSi aaSenes da amitom

civi omis periodSi yofil ssrk-Si, so-

cialisturi banakis zogierT qveyanasa

da calkeul islamur saxelmwifoebSi

es sasmeli akrZaluli iyo. sainteresoa,

rom islamuri samyaros mier am sasmelze

uaris Tqmis mizezad `wminda simboloe-

bis borotad~, sarek lamo miznebisaTvis

gamoyeneba saxel deboda.

civi omis dasrulebisTanave ideo-

lo giis adgili ekonomikam daikava, pro-

pagandam adgili reklamasa da piars

dauTmo, Tumca simboluri, virtualuri

imijebisa da realobebis mwarmoebeli

manqana mainc ar gaCerebula, Sesabamisad,

axali simboluri, virtualuri realo-

bebis ZiriTad eqsportiorad amerika

darCa, romelmac msoflio santa-klausis

da sxva msgavsi brendebis mox ma rebis

aucileblobis winaSe daayena, rac man

warmatebiT ganaxorciela kidec. am-

ierian santa-klausi `saSobao indus-

triis~ servisis moucilebeli nawilia.

1. `momxmarebluri sigiJe~ da

`romantika~ Tanamedrove msoflioSi Sobis dRe-

saswaulis gaazrebisadmi miZRvnili

sxvadasxva publikaciis (tradici-

uli qristianuli konfesiis warmomad-

genelTa gancxadebebi, Tanamedrove

religiisa da kulturis sociologiis

mkvlevrebis, msoflio ekonomikaSi axali

tendenciebis eqspertebisa da islamuri


samyaros warmomadgenlebis mier glo-

balizaciis kritika) anali zisas Cndeba

xSirad figurirebadi si tyva, romelic

araTu gamoxatavs im atmosferos, ro-

melic postmodernistul epoqaSi Sobis

dResaswaulis aRniSvnas axlavs Tan,

aramed cxadad aCvenebs am yvelafris

ukan mdgom problemas. am SemTxvevaSi

saqme moxmarebis kults da Sobis dRe-

saswaulis komercializacias exeba.

germanulenovan qveynebSi `moxma rebiT

gaTangvaze, Trobaze~ laparakoben. daax-

loebiT ase unda vTargmnoT german uli

Konsumurausch, romelic germane leb-

is, avstrielebisa da Sveicarie li ebis

yoveldRiur metyvelebaSi Tanda Tan dam-

kvidrda. ̀ saSobao sigiJe~ TiT qmis yvela

qveyanaSi erTnairad vlin deba: saSobao

fasdaklebebi, farTod reklamirebuli

saSobao gayidvebi da sxva misTanani

savaWro centrebSi namd vil komerciul

bums qmnian, rac konsu merizmis epoqaSi

Sobis dResaswaulis damaxasiaTebeli

niSani xdeba, Tumca dResaswauli mxlod

amiT ar Semoifa rgleba. igi mTeli rigi

miTologemebiT xasiaTdeba, romelTa-

gan erT-erTi survi lebis asrulebas

ukavSirdeba. erTian obas, mTlianobas

da TavisTavadobas moklebuli sociumi

iqmnis yalb ilu zias oqros xanis dadgo-

mis (dakarguli erTianobis, mTlianobis

da TavisTa vadobis miRweva) Sesaxeb, rac

cnobie rebis siRrmeSi dafluli ar-

qetipebis aqtualizaciis Sedegad unda

CavTva loT. am SemTxvevaSi irkveva, rom

soci umis mexsierebidan jer kidev ar

gam qrala istoriis mTavari saswauli _

ieso qristes Soba, romliTac kacobri-

obas RvTisaken mimavali gza gaexsna.

am yvelafris muxedavad posmodernul

epoqaSi Sobis dResaswaulis mTavar siu-

Jetad moxmareba da momxmarebluri su-

liskveTeba rCeba, rac adamianis zneobriv

dacemasa da gadagvarebaze metyvelebs.

2. santa-klausi iaponiaSi

globalizaciis wyalobiT Sobis

dResaswaulma masobrivi xasiaTi miiRo

iseT qveynebsa da kulturebSi, romlebic

TavianTi religiuri tradiciebiT Sors

arian qristianobisagan (Tumca dRes

ukve dResaswauls araferi saerTo ara

aqvs religiasTan), magaliTad, iaponiaSi,

CineTSi, ramdenime arabul qveyanaSi, kam-

bojaSi da sxv. maT Soris gamor Ceuli

iaponiaa, sadac qristianebi mosaxleobis

mxolod 2%-s Seadgenen. miuxedavad amisa,

axalgazdrobis warmomadgenlebs Soris

dResaswaulisa da misi mTavari gmiris

popularoba kolosalurad izrdeba. sa-

Sobao saCuqrebis gacvlis idea iapo nuri

cxovrebis wesSi kargad Caewera. rogorc

wesi, Sobamde ori kviriT adre iaponuri

kulturuli da savaWro sivrce saSobao

dekoraciebiT, aTasgvari reklamebiTa da

simRerebiT ivseba; saSobao tradiciebis

mixedviT irTveba saxlebi, qalaqis quCebi

da moednebi, romlis wyalobiTac iaponi-

ac TandaTan saSobao Konsumurausch-Si

vardeba. es yovelive analogiuri sce-

nariT xor ciel deba mTel msoflioSi.

samwuxaro mxolod is aris, rom dResas-

wauli mTlianad daclilia yovelgvari

qri sti anuli konteqstisagan.

3. ori siuJeti: `santa-klausis niRabqveS~ da `vin

moipara Soba~postTanamedrove msoflioSi Sobis

dResaswaulis garSemo Seqmnil situa-

cias SeiZleba daerqvas `brZola Sobis-

aTvis~. am brZolaSi ìnterpretaciebs

Soris konfliqti~ igulisxmeba. kerZod,

saqme imis garkvevas exeba, ̀ Tu vin imaleba

santas niRabSi~ da ̀ vin moipara Soba~. ka-

maTi swored am ori siuJetis garSemo mim-

dinareobs, romlebSic epoqis sxvada sxva


gamoZaxili kargad ismis. am Sem TxvevaSi

santas identoba mTavari prob lemaa, rac

postsekularuli epoqisaTvis damaxasi-

aTebeli ZiriTadi niSania. aR sani Snavia,

rom am gagebiT santa yovel gvar tradici-

ul maidentificirebel atributikas

absoluturad moklebulia. yovelive

es naTlad metyvelebs post Tanamedrove

adamianis desakrali zac iaze, profana-

ciasa da virtualizaciaze. santas saxiT

saukeTeso sulieri ide alebi gaSarJe-

buli da gaukuRmarT ebu lia; am saqmeSi ki

lomis wlili hol ivuds miuZRvis Tavisi

filmebiT: ̀ cudi santa~, ̀ rogor moipara

grinCma Soba~ da sxva.

4. Soba da

politkoreqtulobapostmodernul epoqaSi Sobis dRe-

saswaulisaTvis niSandoblivi sivrcis

zedapiruli analizic ki aCvenebs dResa-

swaulis deqristianizacias, romelic

politikur aspeqtSi politkor eqtu l-

obis ideologias gamoxatavs da fsevdo-

liberalebis mier postTanamedrove

demok ratiuli kulturis miRwevadaa

miCneuli. igi cxovrebis nebismier sfe-

roSi diskriminaciis nebismieri formis

dauSveblobaze zrunavs, magram Tuki

saqmis viTarebas kargad davakvirdebiT,

aRmovaCenT, rom yovelive es globali-

sturi eqspansiisaTvis optimaluri

pir obebis Seqmnad SeiZleba miviCnioT,

rome lic maqsimaluri inkluziurobisa

da usazRvro gavlenis sferos mopovebis

strategias emsaxureba. politkoreq tu-

lobis ZiriTadi potenciali adre Tu

gvian im saxis realobasTan migviyvans,

rodesac santas niRabqveS usqeso arse bas

an raRac sxva tipis urCxuls davina xavT.

5. Chrismukkah: Sobasa da

xanukas Sorispostmodernis epoqa santas transfor-

maciis sazRvrebs ukve ar eZebs, ramdena-

dac kiTxvis niSnis qveS dgas santas

romelime SesaZlo identobis problema.

amis magaliTia faqti, romelic niu-

iorkSi moxda: erT-erTi mewarme, ron

gompertci, axali dResaswaulis Seqmnis

iniciativiT gamovida, romelic qristia-

nul Sobas da ebraul xanukas erTi

dResaswauliT _ saxelad _ qrismukah

gaaerTianebda. avtoris azriT, es dResas-

wauli axali stiliT Sobasa da xanukas

Soris periodSi unda aReniSnaT, Tumca

am ideas mxari arc kaTolikebma da ar

iudevelebma ar dauWires, magram msgavsi

proeqtebi postTnamedrove civiliza-

ciis pirobebSi savsebiT logikuria.

6. `memarcxene alternativis~ antikapitalisturi

protesti kapitalizmis globalur eqspansias

`memarcxene moZraobis~ mTeli rigi

warmomadgenlebi aprotesteben. eseni

ZiriTadad antiglobalisturi moZra-

obis warmomadgenlebi da postmarqsi-

stuli antikapitalisturi ganwyobis

mqone adamianebi arian. es ukanasknelni

frankfurtis skolis kritikuli Teori-

is tradiciebs agrZeleben. mTavar safr-

Txes antiglobalistebi transnaciona-

luri korporaciis proeqt `Xmas~-Si

xedaven. maT mixedviT, proeqtis mizani

saSobao servisisa da industriis meSve-

o biT sxvadasxva xalxis kulturaSi

momxmarebluri strategiebis damkvid-

rebiT axali msoflio wesrigis formir-

ebisaTvis xelis Sewyobaa, amitom am

moZ raobis warmomadgenlebi yvelas mou-

wod eben, uari Tqvan am maskaradSi mona-

wi l eobaze. amerika Tavis ambicias msof-

lio hegemonobaze globaluri ameriku-

li sistemis meSveobiT axorcielebs.

am sistemis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani

Semad geneli nawilia holivudis filmebi,

disnei, makdonaldsis qselebi da ganaT-

lebis amerikuli sistema (amis Sesaxeb ix.

zb. bJezinskis `didi saWadrako dafa~).


7. iaponia: Zenta-klausi

santas winaaRmdeg

iaponiaSi santa-klausis alternativa

Zenta-klausi gaCnda. masSi iaponiaSi

gavrcelebuli Zen-budizmis tradiciebi

damaxasiaTebel ekologiur msoflmxed-

velobasTanaa Serwymuli. amis Sedegad

gaCnda devizi: ̀ Soba sayidlebis gareSe~,

rac globalisturi tendenciebis iapon-

ur alternativas warmoadgens.

8. Sobis dResaswaulis

komercializaciis problema

tradiciuli qristianuli kulture bi

ewinaaRmdegebian Sobis dResaswau lis

komercializacias da profanacias, rac

savsebiT swori da bunebrivia. So bis

dResaswaulis komercializaciis winaaR-

mdeg gamodis rusuli marTlmadi debeli

eklesia. germanelma qristi anebma gaapro-

testes mTavrobis mier gamocemuli gzam-

kvlevi, romelic saSo bao tradiciebis

aRweriT iwyeba da Semdeg `saSobao

industriis~ sruli asor timenti da san-

tas Sesaxeb legen debia warmodgenili,

maSin rodesac qristes Sobaze erTi si-

tyvac ar aris naxsenebi. dResaswaulis

komercia liza ciis sawinaaRmdegod arc

kaTolikebi arian gulxeldakrefilni.

2007 wels avstriisa da germaniis mTel

rig adgi lebSi saSobao bazrobebze

oficia lurad akrZales santas gamosaxu-

le bebis gamotana. msgavsi saprotesto

moZraobebi amerikaSic arsebobs, rac

imaze metyvelebs, rom adamianebi Tan da-

TanobiT acnobiereben, Tu raoden saS iSia

postmodernul amneziaSi yofna, romelic,

Tavis mxriv, superTanamedrove kulturis

artefaqtebis (santa da sxv.) meSveobiT

axali tipis cnobierebas qmnis.

daskvna: Soba postmodernis

pluralistur `qaosmosSi~

postmodernuli epoqis pluralis-

tur `qaosmosSi~ Sobis dResaswauli da

masTan dakavSirebuli santa-klausis

saxe tradiciuli wesrigis dekonstruq-

ciaze mianiSnebs, romelSic nebismieri

identoba gagebulia, rogorc niRabi;

amitom amerikuli kinematografis mier

santa-klausis gangsteris, qurdis an

banditis saxiT warmodgena logikuri

unda iyos. aseve logikuria isic, rom

swored amerikaSi gauCndaT adamianebs

Chrismukkah-is idea. potenciurad araf-

riT ar gansazRvruli ìnterteqstua-

luri~ kulturis pirobebSi raime saxis

identobaze saubari SeuZlebelia. iden-

toba aq gagebulia, rogorc umarTebulo

igiveobisa da `cnobierebis mistifik-

aciis~ Sedegi. postmodernul epoqas ar

SeuZlia, rom sakralursa da profanuls,

taZarsa da savaWro centrs, marxvasa da

karnavals, saSobao wirvasa da saSobao

Sopings Soris arsebul otologiur

sxvaobas Seeguos. karnavali marxvis

niRbiT, saSobao wirvis nacvlad Sopingi

da mravali misTana gaxda postTana-

medrove desakralizebuli epoqis niSani,

romelSic WeSmaritebaze, mizezze an

mizanze saubari arapolitkoreqtulad

da saeWvodaa miCneuli. karnavaluroba

saocrad sworad gamoxatavs im socio-

kul turuli situaciis arss, romelic

speqtaklis saxiT xorcieldeba. amis

mixedviT, wmindani Canacvlebulia pro-

faniT, romelic koka-kolas reklamas

warmoadgens. Sedegad xatisa da sarek-

lamo esTetikis uazro Serwymas viRebT.

aseTia postmodernis esTetikis Ziri Tadi

tendencia.

postmodernuli epoqa aqtiurad av-


rce lebs amneziis yovelgvar SesaZle-

bel teqnikas, romelic didwilad àn-

timexsierebis~ strategiazea agebuli.

antimexsierebis erT-erT aseT figuras

santa-klausi warmoadgens, romelic

qristes Sobis aRsaniSnavi tradiciis

imitaciiT etalonur simulakrad gvev-

lineba da sakuTaris garda sxva war-

suls ar cnobs. Sedegad santa-klausis

saxe urTierTkavSirSia ara qristesTan

an wminda nikolozTan, aramed disneis

multiplikaciis gmirebTan: miki-mausTan

an pokemonTan; misi kulturuli konteq-

sti pirdapir kavSirSia makdonaldsTan,

holivudTan da disneilendTan. am saxis

perspeqtivaSi principuli gansxvaveba

qristes Sobas da helouins an valen-

tinobas Soris gamqralia.

aRsaniSnavia, rom postmodernuli ar-

qiteqturis erT-erTi principi imaSi md-

gomareobs, rom arqiteqturuli ansa mbli

centris garSemo unda iyos Tavmoy rili

ise, rom Tavad centri carieli darCes.

aseT cariel centrad aqcevs post-

modernuli epoqa Sobis dResas wa uls,

romelSic qristes adgils takimas xara

santa-klausi ikavebs.


murman zaqaraias ganvlil cxovrebaze

erTi Tvalis gadavlebac sakmarisia

imis dasanaxavad, rom misi yoveli nabi-

ji aris piruTvneli arCevani, romelic

samSoblos bedze Rrma metafizikuri

wuxiliTaa nasazrdoebi. misTvis lite-

ra turuli moRvaweoba arasodes yofila

ambiciebis dasakmayofilebeli asparezi.

mis xelSi kalami aris iariRi, rom liTac

ufskrulSi gadaCexili samSob los

gadarCenas lamobs. Tu davakvir debiT

murmanis publicistikis, naSro mebis,

wignebis saTaurebs da gamoqvey nebisa

da gamocemebis TariRebs („erov nuli

Tanxmobis koncefcia“; „terori Tu reaq-

cia tiraniaze“; „daTrgunuli Rirseba“

2000 w.; „narkvevi rusul ideaze“, 2005 w.),

cxadad davinaxavT, rom maTi Sinaarsi

da wamoWrili sakiTxebisadmi damokide-

buleba arasodes yofila wminda Teori-

uli interesis sagani. yo vel maTganSi

umTavresi aris arsebuli problemebis

gadaWris gzebis Zieba; Cvens bedkrul

qveyanaSi gaCenil axal-axal satkivarze

Teoriul-emoci uri reagireba, mowodeba,

SeZaxili, xandaxan Semolawunebac; imis

gacnobi ereba, vin viyaviT, vin varT da ras

gvavaldebulebs Cveni vinaoba; STagoneba,

rom Cvenze, Cvens Zalisxmevaze didadaa

damokidebuli Cveni xvalindeli dRe,

murman, gilocav cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis 70 wlisTavs. gisurveb Sens monagar-murman, gilocav cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis 70 wlisTavs. gisurveb Sens monagar-

Tan erTad didxans sicocxles da sanukvari miznebis xorcSesxmas…Tan erTad didxans sicocxles da sanukvari miznebis xorcSesxmas…

70 wels uxdeba Rimilnarevi serio zuloba, rameTu masSi sibrZnea dabud ebuli...70 wels uxdeba Rimilnarevi serio zuloba, rameTu masSi sibrZnea dabud ebuli...

mogexseneba, arsebobs msoflmxedve loba, romlis mixedviT, adamianis TiTqmis mogexseneba, arsebobs msoflmxedve loba, romlis mixedviT, adamianis TiTqmis

yvela saqmianoba, kultura, mokled, mTeli cxovreba TamaSis Semcveli fermentiTaa yvela saqmianoba, kultura, mokled, mTeli cxovreba TamaSis Semcveli fermentiTaa

gamsWvaluli. es Tvalsazrisi SeiZleba an gaviziaroT, an ara, magram is ki unda gamsWvaluli. es Tvalsazrisi SeiZleba an gaviziaroT, an ara, magram is ki unda

vaRiaroT, rom ase gagebuli cxovreba muxTal wuTisofels ufro asatans xdis.vaRiaroT, rom ase gagebuli cxovreba muxTal wuTisofels ufro asatans xdis.

ai, kacs usruldeba aTasgvari Wir-varamiT daxunZluli 70 weli, mis cxov rebaSi ai, kacs usruldeba aTasgvari Wir-varamiT daxunZluli 70 weli, mis cxov rebaSi

Zalian seriozuli ram xdeba, magram, sxva rom araferi vTqvaT, ukve im faqtSi, saiu-Zalian seriozuli ram xdeba, magram, sxva rom araferi vTqvaT, ukve im faqtSi, saiu-

bileod zustad 70 wlisTavs rom aRvniSnavT da ara 69-s an 71-s, Ta maSis elementia bileod zustad 70 wlisTavs rom aRvniSnavT da ara 69-s an 71-s, Ta maSis elementia

SeWrili, rac, erTi SexedviT, „Cveulebriv“ dRes sadResas waulo elfers matebs da SeWrili, rac, erTi SexedviT, „Cveulebriv“ dRes sadResas waulo elfers matebs da

kulturis nawilad gadaaqcevs... am TamaSs SeiZleba mrgvali TariRs magia vuwodoT...kulturis nawilad gadaaqcevs... am TamaSs SeiZleba mrgvali TariRs magia vuwodoT...

ase rom, Cemo murman, cxovreba serio zulobisa da TamaSis zRvarze gadebuli bew-ase rom, Cemo murman, cxovreba serio zulobisa da TamaSis zRvarze gadebuli bew-

vis xidia da masze gasvlas uzado gemo vneba da didi xelovneba sWir deba, raTa serio-vis xidia da masze gasvlas uzado gemo vneba da didi xelovneba sWir deba, raTa serio-

zulobis damTrgunveli simZimisagan an TamaSis infantiluri sim Ca tisagan Tavgza ar zulobis damTrgunveli simZimisagan an TamaSis infantiluri sim Ca tisagan Tavgza ar

agvebnes da ufsk rulSi ar gadaviCexoT... naTqvami exeba rogorc mTeli sazogadoebis, agvebnes da ufsk rulSi ar gadaviCexoT... naTqvami exeba rogorc mTeli sazogadoebis,

ise calkeuli pirovnebis cxovrebas.ise calkeuli pirovnebis cxovrebas.

drois is patara monakveTi, usasrul obas rom gamostace, samwuxarod, samsalis drois is patara monakveTi, usasrul obas rom gamostace, samwuxarod, samsalis

didi doziTaa gajerebuli, magram uflis wyalobiTa da Seni didi kacobiT, Rirse-didi doziTaa gajerebuli, magram uflis wyalobiTa da Seni didi kacobiT, Rirse-

uli saqmeebiTa da mravali mSveni eri wamiTaa mooWvili. es imgvari Rire bu lebis uli saqmeebiTa da mravali mSveni eri wamiTaa mooWvili. es imgvari Rire bu lebis

wamebia, romelTac didi poeti SeCerebas sTxovda.wamebia, romelTac didi poeti SeCerebas sTxovda.

madli

robert petriaSvili

ubiT satarebeli wigni


didwilad Cven TviTon varT Cveni bedis-

weris Semoqmedni...

maSin, roca murmanis gonebaSi momwi-

fda idea da daTrgunuli Rirsebis

aRsa dgenad kalams xeli mohkida, Cveni

uax loesi warsulis is periodia, roca

SevardnaZis reJimis cinizmma zenits

miaRwia. qancgawyvetil, yovlad pativay-

ril da sulian-xorcianad dabeCavebuli

eris Svilebs Rirsebis medlebiTa da

ordenebiT masobrivad ajildoebdnen.

ukve calkeulad, pirovnulad ki ara

(romelTa nawils, marTlac sapatio ada-

mianebs, ekuTvnoda kidec raRac jil do)

jgufurad, koleqtiurad... es, sayo vel-

Tao gamedlianeba-gajinjileba, Tavisi

masStaburobiTa da formiT da, rac

mTavaria, politikuri SinaarsiT, sayov-

elTao gaupatiurebas ufro hgav da...

qeddadrekil, Rirsebisagan daSretil

qveyanaSi aTeul Tu aseul aTasi Rir-

seb is ordenosani kavaleris arseboba

iyo warmoudgeneli paradoqsi. meoce

da ocdameerTe saukuneTa mijnaze saqa-

rTveloSi naSob „jer ar naxul, jer

ar gagonil“ paradoqss kidev ufro

amZafrebda is garemoeba, rom am rCeul

„eris kacTa“ legionebSi mxolod erTi

pirovneba (msaxiobi nodar mgalobliS-

vili) aRmoCnda, romelmac gabeda da

sajarod uari Tqva dajildoebaze,

Rirseba SeinarCuna da mraval patiosan

adamians SvebiT amosunTqvis saSualeba

misca...

adamianTa RirsebiTa da medlebiT

mo Jongliore-moTamaSe reJimma dajil-

doebis imitaciiT isedac ganjgonebul

(borotebasa da sikeTes Soris gansxva-

vebis unarwarTmeul) sazogadoebas kidev

ufro aubnia goneba. TiTqmis yoveli

gamorCeuli, ambiciis mqone kaci Tavisi

„sagmiro“ saqmeebis Tanamonawile gaxada

da, sul cota, imas miaRwia, rom prot estis

sajarod gamoxatvis moral uri ufleba

waarTva... da daaduma.

am viTarebaSi arRvevs murman zaqaraia

dumils. misi patara zomis (aseTi forma

SemTxveviTi ar unda iyos...), ubis jibiT

satarebeli wigni _ „daTrgunuli Rir-

seba“ ukun bnelSi saydarSi danTebuli

sanTeliviT akiafda...

murmani srulad acnobierebs, ra

rTul, umadur da saWoWmano saqmes mo-

hkida xeli. arc is aviwydeba, rom simar-

Tlis mTqmels cxeni Sekazmuli unda

hyavdes, magram Seqmnili mdgoma reoba da

Sinagani Rirseba, e.i. sindisi, sxva arCev-

ans ar utovebs. Semwed da farad ilias

sityvebs iSveliebs: „vaJkac igia, vinc

marTals etyvis qveyanas mcdomsao“.

wignis „dasawyisSi“ mkiTxvels sTava-

zobs „pesimistur eseis fexqveS gaTelil

da daTrgunul Rirsebaze“. Tumca, misi

pesimizmi, SeiZleba iTqvas, „dasawyis-

Sive mTavrdeba. mas mohyveba kacobriobis

Rirseul SvilTa, brZenkacTa naazrevsa

da sulier gamocdilebaze dafuZnebuli

optimisturi qveTavebi: „Rirsebas ver

moklav“, „Rirseba adamianis substanciaa“,

„Rirsebis aRdgena mowmobs Tavisufleb-

isaken mibrunebas“...

mokled, „daTrgunul Rirsebas“ da

murman zaqaraias mTel cxovrebas lait-

motivad gasdevs saxelmZRvanelo idea

_ gamouvali viTareba ar arsebobs.

mTava ria, ar Sewydes brZola (Sroma) da

Segneba imisa, rom brZolas (Sromas) yov-

elTvis aqvs azri!

miuxedavad didi SemarTebisa,mis me-

brZol optimizmSi mainc rCeba bzari,

romlis amovsebas im mowodeba-gaf-

rTxilebiT cdilobs, udabnoSi gangaSis

zariviT rom gaismis:

„Tu gons ar movuxmeT, suli ar da-

vubruneT xorcs, mewyvile warTmeuli,

dards gadayolili kanaris CitiviT,

qarTvel ersac moinelebs uRirsebo

cxovreba...


laSa gvasalia

poezias Tavisi gza aqvs, gamorCeuli

da gansakuTrebuli gza, romliTac is

xelovnebis sxva dargebTan Tu JanrebTan

SedarebiT ufro advilad aRwevs suli-

eri kulminaciis samwvervalos. sazomi

poeturobisa ki niWia mxolod, yovelgvar

mdgomareobasa da situaciaze maRla

mdgari niWi, miyurZiravebuli sofli-

dan amoxeTqils rom ZaluZs giganturi

alagebidan moWyurtule kal mosnebis

daCoqeba. erT poetur nimuSSi SesaZloa

mTeli samyaros Cateva da ver damisax-

elebs veravin sxva rames, garda musikisa,

dedamiwis zurgze msgavsi ramis miRweva

rom SeeZlos! musika ki poeziis akompani-

mentiao, _ werda goeTe. yovelive es ki mo-

vayole didebuli Semoqmedis, camaRali

poetisa da uRirseulesi mamu li Svilis

zaur molaSxias misaloc werils. diax,

70 wlis iubiles vulo cavT ̀ musikaluri

lirikis~ ostats, er ovnuli sulierebis

mebairaRes, ka lamu flian Semoqmeds _

baton zaur mo laS xias. hegelisa ar iyos,

visi sruli anareklicaa misive `saqmi-

anoba~.

yovelgvari gadametebis gareSe vi-

tyvi: man SeZlo qarTuli literaturis

wiaRiani poeti

parnasze sakuTari koSkis aRmarTva.

amis Tqmis uflebas maZlevs is, rom, Cemi

dak virvebiT, batoni zaurisTvis poeziis

sagani ar aris samyaros dasrulebuli,

sagnobrivi, nivTieri da movlenismieri

garemo. Zalian bevri kalmosani am

garemos aRwerisa da dramatizmisTvis

iRvwis, zaur molaSxia ki am sagnebis

Sobamdeli, pirveladi saidumloebis

xilvas eswrafvis da Cans _ es aris mi si

sadReniadago sadardisi da safiq ra-

li, amitomacaa is saintereso da naRdi

Semoqmedi. Tu gnebavT, Cems gadamete-

bul siTamames miawereT, magram mainc

vityvi: poezia, RmerTiviT, mxolod ga-

reSe mo menti ar gaxlavT samyarosTvis,

mas Za luZs SeiWras Tavisive Seqmnil,

Tu gne bavT, warmosaxul samyaroSi da

es moax erxos siyvarulisa da gaocebis

ZaliT, ufro rom davazustoT, gare obi-

eqtis Se sa Zleblobis gaTavisebisa da

Signi dan gancdis safuZvelze. yovelive

amis Tqma batoni zauris poeziaze Tavis-

uf lad SeiZleba, misi inteleqtualuri

simaRlisa da SemoqmedebiTi siwrfelis

gaTvaliswinebiT.

SemoqmedebiTi siwrfelis sazomi ki

moqalaqeobrivi poziciis Semoqmedeb-

iTad aRqmisa da cxovrebaSi misi gatar-

ebis unikalur unarSia. am SemTxvevaSic

Tavaweulad SeuZlia iaros Cvenma poet ma

da iamayos, rom mis didebul, canaTel

poezias scems samyaros surneli: dedis,

mamis, dis, Zmis, Svilebis, megobrebis, mi-

wis, yvavilebis, mTis, baris, Rvinis, qalis,

siyvarulis da, saerTod, mravalTaTvis

SeugrZnobadi samyaros surneli...

araferi etyoba sicocxleze Cqari,

midis, midis da... 70-mac moukakuna Cvens

sayvarel megobars. `mZimdebian wlebi

am moxucis Zvlebze~... mZimdebian, magram

`Zvalmsxvil~ zaur molaSxias ras daak-

leben? is niSa xariviT miuyveba xnuls


erTgul mTesvelad da igulo vnebs, in-

agrebs saocar nimuSebs poeziis da kuT-

vneul Semoqobil samyaroSi amzevebs _

niSnad maradisi siyvarulisa.

sul mgonia, rom 85-e fsalmunis am

nawils dabadebidan RiRinebda batoni

zauri da ausrulda kidec: `damayene,

ufalo, Sens gzaze, raTa viaro Seni

WeSmaritebiT, warmarTe Cemi guli Seni

saxelis moSiSebiT...~. am saniSansveto

uflismieri WeSmaritebiT warimarTa

am kargi adamianis kargi poezia... karg

poezias ki Tagori `sunTqvis gamspe tak-

eblad~ axasiaTebs.

winamdebare ese gansxvavebuli iqneba

Cemi msgavsi Tematikis eseebisgan imiT,

rom TvalsaCinoebis dasturad poetis

Semoqmedebas ar movitan magaliTad,

mkiTxvelma unda gansajos, ramdenad

obieqturad vudgebi mis Semoqmedebas da

Tavad mounagros Sesabamisi stro febi.

zaur molaSxias leqsebSi Cans abso-

l u turad individualuri poetis suli-

eri instinqtebi, grZnobaTa da gancdaTa

gansakuTrebuli melodiuroba. poetis

gancdebi da emociuri akordi masSi in-

te leq tualuri aRqmis anarekliTa da

rwmenis bolomde gandobis aucile b l-

o biTaa aRbeWdili, rasac xels uTuod

isic uwyobs, rom sityvis maRalos ta turi

universalizaciidan gamomdinare, eno-

brivi diapazoni ostaturad farTov deba,

SesaZleblobis maqsimums aRwevs. rode-

sac zaur molaSxias leqsebs kiT xu lob,

xedav, rom mas, rogorc naRd SemoqmedT

sCveviaT, ar sWirdeba raRac poeturi sa-

gnebisa da amoCemebuli, xel ovnuri arq-

iteqtonikis SerCeva, yvela da yvelaferi

Tanabrad xvdeba mis TvalsawierSi da

amas iseTi ostatobiT axerxebs, dak-

virvebuli mkiTxveli uTu od ityvis:

`poezia aris is, rac samyaros yvelaze

da yvelaferze metad sWirdeba~.

mCvevia xolme metaforuli saxel-

wod ebebisa Tu refrenebis misadageba

ama Tu im Semoqmedis naRvawisTvis. zaur

molaSxias qmnilebebs wiaRiani poezia

davarqvi miwieri, yuaTiani puriviT amze-

kabanebis gamo!

iSviaTobaa, rodesac poeti SeiZlebs

Tavisi SemoqmedebiT sindisis angariSi

warudginos Tavis xalxsa da qveyanas.

es uTuod moaxerxa Cvenma pativcemulma

poetma da keTilad wainabija win _ usas-

ru lobisa da goniTi maradJamulobis ken!

*

sawuxilod SevityveT, rom zaur mol-

a Sxias, 70 wlis iubilar poets, daewva

sacxovrebeli bina kote mesxis quCaze.

wamiT warmovidgine am ubedu rebiT

gaxevebuli poeti, cecxlmodebuli wig-

nebi _ pativsacem adamianTa warwerebiT,

daubeWdavi leqsebi, werilebi, Canawerebi

da uamravi ram... gaSeSebuli adamianebi,

tkiviliT aRvsili poetis ojaxisebi,

meuRle, Svilebi, SviliSvilebi da uime-

dobiT gaarafrebuli samyaro, romelsac

siyvarulisa da dandobis niSanwylisa

ara atyvia ra, magram poeti rodis yo-

fila bolomde gaxarebuli, gaRimebuli

da gamzevebuli... Tumca Semoqmedeba misi

Tavadaa Rimilica da sevdac, siyvaru-

lica da sinanulic da, saerTod, poeti

uflis Citia, niblias aviT saTuTi, magram

arwivisguleba...

gavufrTxildeT poets, miT ufro,

roca is 70 wels gadaabijebs!

mravalJamier, sayvarelo adamiano!


valerian vekuam Tavisi morigi wigni

`gzasavali~ gasul wels gamosca. kre-

bulis kontitulze vkiTxulobT, rom

avtori samocdaxuTi wlisa xdeba, mom-

devno gverdidan ki suraTidan Semogvy-

urebs Coxa-axaluxSi gamowyobili

kolxi vaJkaci, ukve Warmagi, magram mxne

da gautexeli. yovelive es mis saxeze

ikiTxeba, mis mzeraSi mJRavn deba da Tu

cxovrebaSi erTxelac ar SexvedrixarT,

isedac mixvdebiT, rom es krebuli Rir-

seul mamuliSvils ekuT vnis, romlisT-

visac umTavresi patiosneba, simarTle

da sikeTea.

amaSi iqve darwmundebiT, rodesac

wignis kiTxvas SeudgebiT da avtoris

nafiqr-naazrevs gaecnobiT sakuTari

cxovrebis gzaze, mSobliur afxazeTze,

Tavis sayvarel gulrifSze, oTxmoc-

daaTian wlebSi Cvens Tavs datexil ube-

durebaze, erisa da qveynis moRal ateTa

qmedebebze, mitovebul saflavebsa da

Cveni warsulis eulad STenil Zeglebze,

dauviwyar maswavleblebze, megobrebze...

wignis es prozauli nawili avto-

ris leqsebiTaa gajerebuli, rac ufro

mZafrsa da eqspresiuls xdis Txrobas;

TviT saTqmeli ki im WeSmaritebidan

gamomdinareobs, romlis Selamazebasa

da ukuRma warmoCenasac ar eridebian

mavanni, raTa TavianTi da Tavisianebis

codvebi damalon an sxvebs gadaabra lon.

valerian vekua ki WeSmaritebis piruT-

vneli gadmomcemia, marTali mesityvea,

simarTlis pirSi mTqmelia, radgan mTeli

Tavisi cxovreba, mTeli es samocdaxuTi

weli umwikvlod gamo iara, arc komunis-

tur epoqaSi gaucvlia Tavisi patiosneba

amqveyniur amaoebaze da arc Semdegac.

wignis Semdegi nawili leqsebs eTmo-

ba, magram ar gegonoT, rom aq Cveulebriv

poetur striqonebs waikiTxavT samSob-

losa Tu mis warsulze, sikeTesa Tu

siyvarulze, rac yovelTvis maradiuli

Temaa nebismieri lirikuli wignisTvis,

_ ara, avtoris leqsebi gulrifSelebs

eZRvneba: axloblebs, megobrebs, romel-

Tagan zogi amqveynad aRar aris, zogi ki

kvlavac janzea da qveynis sasikeTod

iRvwis. avtors maTi suraTebic moupo-

vebia da ase miuZRvnia TiToeulisTvis

miseuli siTboTi da moferebiT aRsavse

striqonebi. amrigad, es leqsebi logi-

kurad agrZeleben wignis pirvel nawi lSi

wamoWrili monatrebisa da am monatrebiT

mogvrili tkivilis Temas.

radgan wignis arqiteqtonikaze Camova-

gdeT saubari, barem mis bolo nawilsac

SevexoT, romelSic valerian vekua ki

ar wers Tavis megobar-naTesavebze, ar-

amed TviT misi megobrebi weren TviTon

valerian vekuaze da STabeWdilebebs

gviziareben mwerlis adre gamocemuli

wignebis Sesaxeb. am nawiliT gvirgvi-

tkiviliani monatreba

jemal Sonia


ndeba Tanadgomisa da Tanalmobis is

laitmotivi, romelsac pirvelive stri-

qo nebidan gvagrZnobinebs avtori.

valerian vekuas Tavidanve SevyavarT im

garemoSi, romelSic daibada da gaizarda,

saidanac daadga cxovrebis qartexilian

gzas. mSob liuri gulrifSi, zRva, skola,

maswa vleb lebi da Tanaklaselebi, Semdeg

_ soxumi, studentobis wlebi... samxedro

samsaxuris moxdis Semdeg pedagogiuri

moRvaweoba sabedianos ulamazesi sof-

lidan _ CxorTolidan daiwyo; erTxans

Sinagan saqmeTa raiganyofilebis uf-

rosis moadgile iyo politnawilSi,

mere, 1988 wlidan gulrifSis ganaT-

lebis raionul ganyofilebaSi mTel

20 weliwads imuSava... mTavari mainc is

cxovrebiseuli poziciaa, romlisTvisac

valerians erTxelac ar uRalatia; igi

afxazeTSi erovnul-ganmaTavisu fle-

beli moZraobis erT-erTi TvalsaCino

warmomadgenelia da dRemde erTgulad

emsaxureba zviad gamsaxurdiasa da merab

kostavas ideebs.

gansakuTrebuli tkiviliT aRwers

valerian vekua mSobliuri saxl-karis

datovebis mZime suraTs, rodesac egreT

wodebulma samTavrobo jarebma gaq ceviT

uSveles Tavs da umweo mosax le oba

sisxlze dageSil mters Seatoves. devni-

lobaSic bevri siZnelisa da gas aWiris

mowme gaxda isedac gawamebuli afx az-

eTis qarTveloba _ umweoba, damci reba,

daulagebeli qveyana, gausaZlisi piro-

bebi Cveni ganuyreli Tanamgzavri gaxda.

erTmaneTs gadakidebul poli tikosebs

xalxi arc axsovT da valeri an vekuac

wuxs erovnuli suliskveTebis, Cveni su-

lierebis, tradiciebis dakni nebis gamo. am

wuxilma daawerina mas mSvenieri leqsi

`bilws ar Sevekvri zavi Ta~, romelic

Tavis mogonebebSi aqvs CarTuli:

`borots amarcxebs keTili

uflis SewevniT, ZaliTa;

ramdenic aRar miWirdes,

`bilws ar Savekvri zaviTa~...

gaakres jvarze mamuli

farisevlebma zakviTa,

mec rom im jvarze gamakran,

`bilws ar Savekvri zaviTa~...

am leqsis paToss cota qvemoT vale-

rian vekua ase agrZelebs:

`mjera uzenaesis Zlierebisa. vici,

sabolood gaimarjvebs keTili da daiT-

rguneba boroti, gamTliandeba mrava-

ltanjuli samSoblo, davbrundebiT

odabadeSi, mSobliur afxazeTSi, wminda

giorgis laSqriT Seimusreba mteri da

mova TeTr cxenze amxedrebuli mxedari,

igive mwyemsi, didebiTa da SaravandediT

gabrwyinebuli. axloa Jami...~

avtoris es imedi gadamdebia da ami-

tomac warmoCndeba igi mkiTxvelis winaSe

mwed da nugeSismcemlad, rac ase Zalian

sWirdeba devnilobamisjil qar T velobas,

romelTagan bevrma mSob liuri saxl-

karis natvra da varami saf lavSi Caitana

da axla zeciuri samyof elidan ivedreba

Cvens gadarCenas.

gulrifSelebisadmi miZRvnil leqs-

ebSi poeti cdilobs, srulyofilad

dagvi xatos TiToeuli maTganis saxe, xa-

siaTi Tu Rvawli qveynis winaSe. zemoT

aRvniSne, am leqsebs avtorma fotoebic

daurTo-meTqi. amrigad, pirovnebis gar-

egnuli mxare, anu fotosuraTi, TiTqos

cocxldeba, moZraobasa da metyvelebas

iwyebs leqsSi mocemuli sulieri sura-

Tis, mxatvruli saxeebis meSveobiT.

mjera, rom am leqsebis adresateb-

idan avtorisTvis yvela met-naklebad

erTianad Zvirfasia: cocxlebica da


gardacvlilebic, Tavisi mSoblebic,

RviZli Zmac da axlobel-megobrebic.

CemTvis, rogorc erT-erTi mkiTxvelis-

Tvis, sasiamovno aRmoCnda am adamianebs

Soris Cemi megobrebis xilva _ jemal

pertaiasi, daviT Soniasi, gansakuTrebiT

ki _ Cvengan udrood wasuli guladi

ZiZigurisa, romelic yovelmxriv samaga-

l iTo adamiani iyo Tavisi cxovrebis

wesiT, moqalaqeobrivi poziciiT, kacT-

moyvareobiT, patiosnebiT...

rogorc aRvniSneT, wignis bolo

nawili avtoris megobrebs eTmoba, rom-

lebic valerian vekuas adre gamocemul

wignebze weren. aq guladi ZiZigurTan

da sxva avtorebTan erTad kidev erT

udrood gardacvlil megobars vxvde-

biT _ Tamaz axalaias, romelzedac igive

SeiZleba vTqvaT, rac guladis Sesaxeb

zemoT vTqviT. es mamuliSvilebi, maTi

poezia da Rvawli jerovnad araa da-

fasebuli da madloba imitomac eTqmis

avtors, rom maT saTanadod moefera da

Cvenc maTTan urTierTobis SesaniSnavi

wlebi xelaxla gagvicocxla.

axla ki minda mogawodoT mcire amo-

naridebi megobrebis aRniSnuli weril-

ebidan valerian vekuas adre gamocem uli

wignebis Sesaxeb; es striqonebi naTlad

gviCveneben ara marto valeris, aramed

TviT misi megobari avtorebis maRal

zneobasa da sulierebas.

Tamaz axalaia: ùzneobaze agebul

politikur principebs arc saxelmwif-

oSi da arc ojaxSi gaumarjvniaT... sico-

cxle rom grZeldeba, keTili znis gama-

rajvebaa borotze... amisTvis ki saWiroa

rwmena; rogorc avtori ambobs ̀ gamar jve-

bamde unda gwamdes gamarjvebisa~. ada-

mianma mudam sikeTe unda Tesos, radgan

`sikeTes da siaves sikvdilamde sibere

mogTxovs~. avtori Tavisi sente nciiT

gamxnevebs da lakoniurad gadmog cems:

òmSi marcxi eris damar cxebas ar niS-

navs~.

daviT Sonia: òTxive krebulis misa-

marTiT vityvi, rom avtors SemuSavebuli

aqvs Tavisi, sakuTari TvalTaxedva Ti To-

euli saWirboroto sakiTxisadmi. batoni

valerian vekua ar Ralatobs aRebul

stils. yovelTvis cdilobs, axlos

iyos ufalTan, mamulTan, enasTan, marTl-

madideblur religiasTan, ded-mamasTan,

romelic SvilisTvis maradi uli sasoe-

baa: `deda sanTelia, Cumad iwvis da gzas

ginaTebs (`devnili kolxis fiqrebi~) _

wers kolxi valerian vekua~.

guladi ZiZiguri: `... brZolis aTasna-

iri saSualeba arsebobs da valerian

vekuamac Tavisi sicocxlis SuadRes pro-

testis niSnad Tu mozRvavebuli azrebis

dasaokeblad kalams mousinja piri da

Tu ramdenad emorCileba es kalami mis

azrovnebas, tvinsa da gons, amis gansja

mkiTxvelis prerogativaa. misi leqsebis

pirveli krebuli ukve miiRo sazogadoe-

bam da arc ise cudad. es ki rigiT meorea,

romelSic Tval naTlivadaa warmoCenili

dRevandeli Cveni yofis saWirboroto

sakiTxebi...~

konstantine vekua: `cxovrebiseulma

gamocdilebam da ganvlili gzis gaaz-

rebam mas kredod dausaxa is, rom zerele

da uSinaarsos Seqmna drois parvaa ufro,

vidre WeSmaritebisken swrafva da namd-

vil Semoqmedad Camoqnis gzasav ali...

valerian vekuas leqsebi iseve, rogorc

fiqrebi, warmoadgenen misi sulis ma-

tianis sarkes, romelSic Tval Sisacemia

yofiTa da maradiul problematikaTa

wrebrunviT gamowveuli pirovnuli tra-

g izmi~.

`gzasavalamde~ avtorma gamosca sen-

tenciebis krebuli `devnili kolxis

fiqrebi~, leqsebis krebulebi: `hoi, nana~,

`sevdis taZari~, ̀ Svidi sayviri~, ̀ nanina~.


poets axali SemoqmedebiTi gegmebi aqvs

da amasTan dakavSirebiT igi ase wers:

`Tu Cemi mokrZalebuli poeziidan

mkiTxvelma ramdenime leqsi mainc gaiT-

avisa, Seisisxlxorca da Tundac erTma

leqsma maTi gulebisken gza ipova, maSin

bednier kacad vigulebdi Tavs, rameTu

am wuTisoflad fuWad ar mivlia da es

RvTis wyalobaa uTuod~.

me studentobidan vicnob valerian

vekuas; ukve ymawvilobaSive etyoboda

mas, rom namdvili mamuliSvili dadgeb-

oda; misi cxovreba swored aseTi mamu-

liS vilobiT aris damSvenebuli da

erTi leqsic ki romc ar daewera, mainc

ar daakldeboda RvTis wyaloba da ada-

mianTa siyvaruli Tavisi umwikvloobisa

da didbunebovnebis wyalobiT. rac Se-

exeba leqsebs, misma Semoqmedebam axali

Suqi Semata mis isedac naTel fiqrebs,

Cvenc guls vuxsniT mis nafiqr-naazrevs

da esaa pasuxi im siyvarulis winaSe,

romelsac igi Tavis mkiTxvels uxvad

urigebs.


vinc anton arnanias icnobda, yvela

dameTanxmeba, rom es didi sulierebis

mqone adamiani mravalmxrivi Semoqmedi

iyo da yvela sferoSi misi Rvawli

uzado niWiTa da uangarobiT aris gare-

mosili. garda imisa, rom batoni antoni

iyo SesaniSnavi poeti, prozai kosi da

Jurnalisti, igi aseve Semoqmed ebiTad

udgeboda Tavis socialur profesias

_ pedagogobas, nebismier sazogadoebriv

Sromas mSobliur dar Celsa Tu mis ga-

reT, meore msoflio omSi brZolis, ty-

veobisa da partiza nobis CaTvliT.

adamianis Sinagani kultura pirvel

rigSi izomeba misi damokidebulebiT

im movaleobis mimarT, romelic sazoga-

doebis nebismier wevrs gaaCnia sazogad-

oebis winaSe, magram TiToeul Cvengans

met-naklebad aqvs Segnebuli es movale-

obani. rac Seexeba baton antons, es is

adamiania, romelmac sakuTari oflica

da sisxlic wveT-wveTad agrova da sa-

sikeTo saqmeebad aqcia Tavisi xangrZ-

livi wuTisoflis manZilze. amitomac

gveguleba igi im Rirseul pirovnebaTa

Soris, romlebic TavianTi cxovrebiT

sazogadoebis ganviTarebis avangardSi

dganan da adamianTa Segnebasa da moma-

valze progresulad zemoqmedeben.

ìcxovre ise, rom dawero~, _ ase Searqva

Tavis avtobiografiul romans didma mw-

eralma da markesis es Segoneba zedgamoW-

rilia anton arnaniasaTvis. mimixvdebiT,

rom axla antonis mier Tavis cxovrebaze

Seqmnili mSvenieri wigni unda vaxseno,

romelsac avtorma èrTi sicocxle~

daarqva. masSi am niWierma da marTalma

adamianma mravali sicocxle siyvaruliT

daxata da mkiTxvelisTvisac axlobeli

gaxada.

èrTi sicoxle~ saTavgadasavlo ro-

mania, ase Searqva mas TviTon avtorma da,

marTlac, anton arnanias cxovrebis gza

TavgadasavlebiTa da xifaTiT iyo savse.

mamiT adre daoblebulma da gaWirvebaSi

gazrdilma antonma yvela gansacdeli

Rirseulad, spetakad gamoiara, anu manac

icxovra ise, rom SeeZlo amis Sesaxeb

daewera da momavali TaobebisTvis dae-

tovebina es mSvenieri wigni.

asi wlis Semdegac

xsovna

anton arnania

_ 100

jemal Sonia


anton arnanias Tavisi romani oTx

nawilad hqonda Cafiqrebuli; pirveli

nawili 2004 wels gamoica, meore _ 2005

wels, mesame nawili 2008 wels gamovida.

am dros anton arnania erTi wlis gar-

dacvlili iyo. sicocxlis bolo wlebSi

misi mTavari safiqrali meoTxe nawilis

dasruleba gaxldaT, raSic ulmobelma

sikvdilma SeuSala xeli. samive gamo-

suli wignis redaqtor-gamomcemeli, ra

Tqma unda, murman zaqaraia aris, radganac

baton antons ganuyreli megobroba aka-

vSirebda masTan da mis gamomcemloba

`zanSi~ wignebTan erTad gazeT ̀ darCel-

sac~ gamoscemda; TviTon ki TbilisSi,

taSkentis quCis 25-Si, qalbaton luara

(dodo) gamyre liZis binaSi, yovelTvis

iyo gamomcem lobis TanamSromelTa sa-

surveli stuma ri. aqve ar SemiZlia ar

vTqva, rom samive wignis redaqtori me var,

rac, udavod, Zalian meamayeba.

romanis pirveli wignis SesavalSi

batoni antoni wers: `wignSi araferia

mogonili. moqmedi gmirebi realuri

adamianebi arian, romlebTanac erTad

mivlia cxovrebis did gzaze...~ ra Tqma

unda, es simarTlea, magram unda aRvni-

SnoT, rom TviT avtors samive wignSi

anton arnaniad ki ara, gvaZa bagaTeliad

vecnobiT. es Taviseburi licencia imiT

aixsneba, rom amiT batonma antonma xazi

gausva dedis _ pela bagaTelias usaz-

Rvro siyvaruls, dedisa, romelic adre

daqvrivda da didi gaWirvebis miuxe-

davad RvTisnierad gazarda da cxovr-

ebis swor gzaze daayena Tavisi erTad-

erTi Svili. wignSi Tavidanve Cans, rom

gvaZa bagaTeliad wodebuli mTxrobelis

mama nestor arnania gaxlavT, rom wig-

nis mesame nawilSi fronteli Tanameb-

rZolebi gvaZas antonsac eZaxian, magram

es sulac ar abnevs mkiTxvels, metic,

mkiTxvelic xvdeba avtoris survils da

krZalviTa da pativiscemiT ganewyoba

im amagis mimarT, rac arnaniebTan erTad

dedis mogvareebma, bagaTeliebma, gaswies

antonis aRzrdisaTvis.

ronamis pirveli gverdebis wakiTxvi-

sTanave Semogefrqveva samegrelos mSven-

ieri soflis _ darCelis surneli: siTbo,

feri da gemo iqauri miwisa da wylisa,

Txilnarisa da murynarisa, keriis ce-

cxlisa da jargvlis grili soxanisa,

cecxlze Sedgmuli Romisa Tu qoTanSi

moTuxTuxe lobiosi, engurisa da ankess

wamogebuli oragulis, kalma xis Tu

wverasi...

mTavari mainc adamianebi arian. avto-

ri siyvaruliT xatavs TiToeul maTgans,

maTs xasiaTebs, cxovrebis wess. pirvel

rigSi, es is sanaTesavo da samezobloa,

sadac fexi aidga, ena amoidga da mamu-

lis casa da miwas Sexeda anton arnaniam,

sadac Camoyalibda misi pirovneba, rw-

mena da cxovrebis wesi. am striqonebiT

ecnoba mkiTxveli kolxuri ojaxis

ekonomikurad gaWirvebul, magram mdi-

dar sulier garemos, momavali Taobis

aRzrdis SesaniSnav tradiciebs, uan gar-

od mxarSi amodgomas Wirsa da lxinSi,

ufrosi adamianebisadmi krZalvasa da

pativiscemas, did Sromismoyvareobas,

aseve did siyvaruls qveynisa da samarT-

lianobisa, mofrTxilebas naTesauri da

mezobluri kavSirebisa da a. S.

samarTlianad mimarTavs baton an-

tons misi mowafe da megobari, mwerali

giorgi siWinava: `saocrad tevadi da

masStaburia Tqveni biografiuli roma ni

èrTi sicocxle~. es aris matiane mTeli

gasuli saukunisa, romelSic piruTvne-

lad da obieqturad aris gaSuqebuli

imdroindeli cxovreba, xalxis sidux-

Wire, brZola arsebobisa Tvis da yvela

is politikuri viTareba, rac sufevda

bolSevikebis mier dapyro bil saqarT-

veloSi. romanSi imdeni folklo ruli

da eTnografiuli masa laa mimobneuli,

rom am sferoSi momu Save mkvlevrebsa

da mecnierebs udides samsaxurs gauwevs

TavianT saqmianobaSi~.

Txrobas avtori me-20 saukunis 10-

iani wlebidan iwyebs, rodesac TviTon

jer kidev ar iyo dabadebuli. SemdegSi

masTan erTad vecnobiT mis uaxloes

adamianebs, arnaniebTan da bagaTeliebTan


erTad aq arian darCeleli narmaniebi,

kalandiebi, Wanturiebi, yolandariebi,

absanZeebi, buliebi, gabedavebi, ganmuxu-

reli WafanZeebi, nabakeveli meboniebi da

ZaZuebi... maT gverdiT gamoiara antonma

pirveli msoflio omisa da cecxliTa

da maxviliT saqarTvelos gasabWoebis,

glexebisaTvis kerZo sakuT rebis CamorT-

mevisa da koleqtivizaciis wlebi. eseni

arian mSromeli, patiosani glexebi, Cveni

didebuli winaprebi, romelTa umetesobam

wera-kiTxva ar icoda, magram uwignurebi

mainc ar erqvaT, radgan efuTis, kolxuri

mrwamsis wignis, droidan gadmocemul

tradiciebs Rirseulad inaxavdnen da

am tradic iebiT naTldebodnen. yvela

maTgans cxovrebis akademia hqonda

damTavreb uli da dResac, rodesac, isini

ki ara, TviT maTi aRzrdili anton ar-

naniac cocxali ar aris, maTi ukvdavi

sulebi Tavs dastrialeben TavianT nao-

flar samosaxloebs.

anton arnanias wignis meSveobiT dRe-

sac dganan pelasa da gvaZas gverdiT

qristina, qiba, besa, bebTu, mamia, Zakvala,

Caquari, Cagu, kali, vadi, doroTia, Zava,

jaka, boZRo, besia, kintiria, ila, uni, elisa,

lau, xoToro, fucu, Cefia, mitro, duru,

gvaja, nazia, fedovani, qesqia, gogola,

varadebuli... igrZeniT albaT, dausru-

leb lad minda am kolorituli meg ruli

saxelebis CamoTvla, maTi mof ereba! es

saxelebi warmarTUli droidan modian

da Cvenamde moaqvT Soreul winaparTa

sunTqva...

romanis samive wigni calkeuli nove-

lebisgan Sedgeba, romlebic sxvadasxva

xasiaTis movlenebs exeba da avtoris

xsovnaSi samudamod darCenila. am nove-

laTagan uklebliv yvela nawar moebis

mTlian kompozicias kravs da Txrobis

dinamikurobas aZlierebs. unda aRvni-

SnoT, rom èrTi sicocxle~ mxatvrul-

dokumenturi romania; dokumenturi,

nam dvili ambebis mxatvruli xerxebiT

gadmocema, ase vTqvaT, gamoxatva ki gan-

sakuTrebul niWs moiTxovs da yvelas

ar xelewifeba.

darCelis garemodan, glexuri yofi-

dan, rogorc gorglidan Zafis wveri,

ise gamoemarTeba mkiTxvelis Tvalwin

anton arnanias cxovrebis gza. am Zafma

TandaTanobiT simkvrive da simtkice

unda SeiZinos, aTasi qartexili unda

gamoiaros gauwyvetlad, sanam 92 wlis

TiTqos jer kidev mxne moxuci, saxlSi

axalSemosuli, mSobliuri odis meore

sarTulze savarZelSi Camjdari, amqvey-

niur cxovrebas samudamod ar gamoeT-

xoveba...

engurSi gadagdebuli ankesiT zRap-

ruli oqros Tevzi ar dauWeria antons,

magram aqedan isxamda frTebs misi

survi lebi da ocnebebi. jer iyo swavla

dar Celis dawyebiT skolaSi, mere zug-

didis saSualo skolaSi, romel drosac

daiwyo damoukidebeli cxovreba, Tumca

deda, mxarze tomaramogdebuli, mSier-

mwyurvalad ar tovebda Tavis erTas,

kolmeurneobaSi mZime Sromasac aswreb da,

ra Tqma unda, ojaxur saqmeebsac, da Svi-

lisken moeSureboda, mdgmurad dam dgars

rom araferi mohkleboda... Tumca dedas

yovelTvis sad SeeZlo Tavze dasdgo-

moda Svils, saamisod arc Zala hqonda

da arc saSualeba, ase rom, gasuli sau-

kunis 30-iani wlebis saerTo gaWir vebam

SimSilica da sicivec sakmaod Seax vedra

anton arnanias; amis dasturad marto

erTi Tavis wakiTxvac kmara pirve li

wignidan, romelsac `Tbili puri~ hqvia.

anton arnanias, damamTavrebeli klas-

is moswavles, ukve gamoqveynebuli aqvs

pirveli leqsebi zugdidis raionul

gazeTSi da, rogorc TviTon wers, mxatv-

ruli literaturiT aris mojadoebu li,

qarTul mwerlobasTan erTad ewa feba

servantess, stendals, dikenss, jek lon-

dons, bokaCios...

skolis damTavrebis Semdeg iyo maswa-

vl ebloba mSobliur sofelSi, urTi-

erToba zugdidis SemoqmedebiT adami-

anebTan, romelTa Soris iyvnen meore

msoflio oms Sewiruli axalgazrdebi

arCil zarqua da lado ugulava, mere _

Tbilisi, megobroba ioseb noneSvilTan,


Sexvedra ̀ Celas~ avtorTan, mTavrobisgan

Serisxul pavle akobiasTan, romelic

Turme avlabarSi, kldeSi gamoWril gvi-

rabsa Tu gamoqvabulSi cxovrobda.

Tbilisis universitetis filol ogiis

dauswrebel ganyofilebaze anton arna-

nia meore wels wvalebiT Cairicxa, ̀ wva-

leba~ ki maTematikas exeboda, rome lic im

dros filologebsac unda CaebarebinaT.

aq ar SeiZleba ar gavix senoT zugdidis

saSualo skolis direq toris sityvebi,

skolis damTavrebisas antonis misamar-

TiT Tqmuli: `Seni gamos vla presaSi

Cvenc gvixaria, skolas esaxeleba, magram

maTematikaSi Seni codna joRejians iqiT

ver gagyveba~. maTematikas Tavi davaneboT

da antonis codna-ganaTleba, misi kai-

kacoba sul male joRejiansac gascda,

darCelsac da zugdidis raionsac.

umaRlesSi CaricxvaSi antons im dros

arsebuli umaRlesi skolebis sammarT-

velos ufrosma daviT lorTqi faniZem

uSvela, misma rekomendaciam codnis

taZris karebi gauRo da cxov rebis axal

gzazedac gaiyvana.

antoni sainteresod aRwers swavlis

paralelurad Tbilisur gazeT `muSis~

redaqciaSi koreqtorad muSaobas, maswav-

leblobis periods gudauTis raionis

sofel anuxvasa da gulrifSis raionis

sofel zemo fSafSi.

saocaria batoni antonis mexsiereba!

igi iseT adamianebsac ixsenebs, romlebic

erTi-ori epizodiT Tuiyvnen dakavSir-

ebulni mis cxovrebasTan, metic, cocx lad,

xatovnad aRwers maTs xasiaTebs, saxeebs.

asea gadmocemuli omamdeli Tbilisis

kolorituli suraTebi, rome lTac Sem-

deg anuxvisa da zemo fSafis sruliad

gansxvavebuli garemos aRwera mosdevs.

am garemoSi, rogorc wignis sxva adgile-

bSi, sakmao adgili ukavia adami anTa Tbil,

guliTad damokidebulebas, Tanadgomas,

magram mas idealurs mainc ver vuwodebT,

radgan striqonebs Soris 30-iani wlebis

meore naxevris repres iebis sisxliani

brWyalebis simware, anuxveli berZnebis

ayra da gasaxleba, maTi tragikuli bedi,

usamarTlod gadasa xlebuli da dax-

vretili adamian ebis xvedri qvecnobi-

erad aSfoTebs mkiT xvels.

cxovrebis mZime oromtrialSi sulis

moTqmasaviT evlineba mwerals soxumeli

gogona nuca _ lamazic, vnebis aRmZvre-

lic, umankoc da gulubryviloc. avtori

nucas dedis saxlSi mowyobil sastum-

roSi Cerdeba, rodesac darCelidan wamo-

suli anuxvis, mere zemo fSafis skolaSi

unda wavides, aseve _ ukan wamosvlis dro-

sac. Cven vxedavT, rogor nel-nela ikavebs

es moswavle gogona sasiyvarulo adgils

axalgazrda maswav leblis gulSi, magram

am urTie rTobas momavali 1941 wlis 22

ivnisma mouspo.

romanis gmiri gvaZa bagaTelia, igive

anton arnania, Tumca jarSi gawvevisa-

gan dajavSnuli iyo, rogorc dediserTa,

magram igi pirvelive dRes wers gancxa-

debas da omSi midis...

aqedan iwyeba anton arnanias _ Cven-

Sic da Cexoslovakiasa da poloneTSic

kargad cnobili partizanis anton Cexis

_ xifaTiani da uamravi TavgadasavliT

aRsavse gza. am gzis aRweras romanis

meore wignis didi nawili da mesame wigni

mTlianad eZRvneba.

am werilSi romanis mxatvrul Rirse-

baze ufro minda vilaparako, magram,

radganac nawarmoebi biografi uli xa-

siaTisaa, verc cxovrebiseuli ambebis

gadmocemas avuvliT gverds. frontze

wasulma anton arnaniam bevri ram naxa

da ganicada, mis jariskacul xvedrs

araferi dahklebia; brZolebi, tyved

Cavardna, sakoncentracio banakebi, iat-

akqveSeTi, tyveobidan gaqceva da parti-

zanoba CexeTis miwaze.

yvelgan da yovelTvis avtoris mTa-

vari yuradRebis sagani adamiania. movle-

nebi, problemebi, romanis eqspo ziciuri

xazi gadmocemuli da ganvi Tar ebulia an-

ton arnanias gverdiT myo fi adamianebis

bed-iRblis gadmocemiT. maTTan erTad

gamoiara romanis mTavarma gmirma tyveo-

bisa da partizanobis mZime periodebi.

rogorc aRvniSneT, es adami anebi real-


uri pirovnebebi arian da anton arnanias

wigni marto maTi STamo mavlobisTvis

rad Rirs, miT umetes, rom zogierTi iqn-

eb ugzo-ukvlod dakargu ladac iTvleba

dRemde. bevri maTgani mSobliur keras

daubrunda da maTTan antons gamudme-

buli kavSiri hqonda; araerTxel yofila

stumrad CexeTisa da poloneTis winaaR-

mdegobis moZrao bis warmomadgenlebTan.

avtors wignSi aTeulobiT aseTi ada-

miani hyavs moxseniebuli. luckis tyveTa

banakidan romanis gmiri gamoi vlis

petrovkis, sedlices, bela podla skas,

varSavis, poznanis, aseTive banakebs. aq mis

xvedrs iziarebdnen vladimer kakulia,

griSa alania, toCi yorSia, ioseb siWinava,

gabo kopaliani, Jora masxulia, boCo xa-

zalia, valodia kvaracxelia, raJden qoba-

lava, mamia gogia, giorgi burduli, duru

molaSxia, leonti gogo xia, gogi manja-

faraSvili, roman fofxaZe, ardalion

fircxalava, aleqsandre kvin Cia, alioSa

kvinixaZe, karlo kalmaxeliZe, grigol

tegetaSvili, isidore kanTe laZe... Cveuli

siTboTi da siyvaruliT gvacnobs avtori

polonel patriotebs vanda zarebskas,

pan dumbrovskis, poznanis topografiul

stambaSi iZulebiT momu Save oriolidan

tyved wamoyvanil zina ida nozdrinas, Cex

patriotebs franti Sek horaks, mikolai

kimliks, antonin kudras, antonin bukovs-

kis da sxvebs.

anton arnanias ar dascalda Ta-

visi romanis dasruleba. wignis meoTxe

nawilSi igi gegmavda vrceli periodis

Catevas omis damTavrebidan ocdameerTe

saukunemde; dawerili hqonda kidec

garkveuli Tavebi. am periodSi pedago-

giur moRvaweobasTan erTad unda aRv-

niS noT am didebuli kolxi brZenkacis

literaturuli da sazogadoebrivi

saqmianoba, ojaxis Seqmna da dauRalavi

SromiT mamulis welSi gamarTva, didi

stumarTmoyvareoba da avtoriteti;

gansakuTrebiT xazgasasmelia 80 wels

miRweuli, mxcovani kacis erovnuli pozi-

cia _ batoni antoni uyoymanod dadga

saqarTvelos erovnuli xelisu flebis,

prezident zviad gamsaxurdias gverdiT

da warbSeuxrelad icavda mas saqmiTa

da kalmiT avadsaxsenebeli putCistebis

xelisuflebaSi yofnis mTeli xnis gan-

mavlobaSi.

Tavis erT-erT werilSi anton arnania

aRniSnavs:

`bevr rames Seveswari: rusi mefe-

imperatoris Camogdebas, saqarTvelos

damoukideblobas, mere am damoukid-

eblobis dakargvas, menSevikebisa da

bolSevikebis Setakebas darCelSi, jumis

xidTan, koleqtivizacias, meore msoflio

oms, faSistur samxedro tyveTa banakebSi

yofnas, varSavis iatakqveSeTs, poznanidan

gaqcevas, Cex partizanebTan erTad faSis-

tebze gamarjvebas da demobilizaciiT

Sin dabrunebas, isev maswavleblad muS-

aobas... sabWoTa saxelmwifos daSlas,

saqarTvelos damoukideblobis gamocxa-

debas, ramac TiTqos gamaaxalgazrdava

pensioneri pedagogi~.

ai, es grZeli gzaa anton arnanias

erTi sicocxle, romelic arasodes ga-

fermkTaldeba im adamianebis xsovnaSi,

romlebic mis STamomavlebs, naTesavebs,

megobrebs warmoadgenen. misi naTeli

kvali ar daikargeba, radgan am kvals

midevnebuli adamiani aucileblad ezi-

areba maRal zneobasa da did adamia-

nurobas, samSoblosa da moyvasis uanga-

ro siyvaruls, simarTlesa da patios-

nebas, usazRvro Sromismoyvareobasa

da RvTisa da qveynis samsxverploze

uanga rod mitanas yovelive imisa, rasac

wuTisofeli hqvia.

amitomac asi wlis anton arnanias

Sinaarsian, Segnebul, niWierebiTa da

samar TlianobiT damSvenebul wuTiso-

fels, rogorc mis zemoT xsenebul avto-

bi ografiul romans, madlieri STamo-

mavloba asi wlis Semdegac waikiTxavs

da megzurad da misabaZad gaixdis.


`mijnis~ dRevandel nomerSi saWirod vcaniT gamogveqveynebina amona-

ridebi im werilebidan, romlebic gazeT `madlis~ 2005 wlis agvi stosa

da 2007 wlis aprilis nomrebSi daibeWda. pirveli, 2005 wlis nomeri,

eZRvneboda anton arnanias dabadebis 90 wlisTavs, meore ki batoni an-

tonis gardacvalebis meormoce dRes gamoica. Tu pirvel SemTxvevaSi

jer kidev jan-RoniT aRsavse mxcovan megobars veferebodiT, meore

SemTxvevaSi misi aryofniT gamow veuli wuxiliTa da sinanuliT aRsavse

mogonebebs vwerdiT, magram orivegan Cveni avtorebis yoveli sityva am

didebuli mamuli Svilis mimarT WeSmariti siyvarulisa da pativiscemis

grZnobiTaa gaJRenTili _ grZnobiT, romelsac JamTa svla ver aClungebs,

piriqiT, ufro Zlierdeba, rogorc anton arnanias xsovna da monatreba.

am striqonebsac imitom gTavazobT, rom maT dro ver auferulebs!

striqonebi, romlebsac dro ver auferulebs!

sicocxle Rirs!..droTa ganmavlobaSi adamianTa Rvawlsa da xsovnas maTi sikeTe da sicocxleSi

Cadenili madliani qmedebebi inaxavs. aseTi dagvamaxsovrda batoni anton arnaniac.

mudam uSurveli Semoqmedi, faqizi gemovnebis mokalme, mebrZoli, moyvasisaTvis Tav-

dadebuli, ramdeni mZime wlebisa da droebis gadamtani, magram mainc mxne, dauRalavi,

cecxlovani da uSreti energiis momcemi! mis gverdiT brZola, Sroma da cxovreba

namdvilad Rirda.

TiTqos guSin iyo, Cvengan rom wavida da guli gvatkina, Tumca imedad dagvitova

kacurad ganvlili cxovrebis mZime gza da sevda adamianuri, rom, miuxedavad damqa-

ncveli da amao garjisa am daucxromel wuTisofelSi sicocxle mainc Rirs, Rirs

batoni antonisTana adamianebis gverdiT sikeTisa da madlis qmna.

dideba am didebul saukunovan adamians!

irine taliaSvili

`madli~, agvisto, 2005 weli:

* * *

batoni anton arnania 90 wlisaa. mixa-

ria, Cemi sayvareli maswavlebeli, miuxe-

davad welTa simravlisa, axalgaz rduli

SemarTebiT rom agrZe lebs moRvaweobas

da magaliTs aZlevs yvelas, Tu rogor

unda galios adamianma kuTv nili gza-

sawieri, rogor daamarcxos sibe re da

rogori pirnaTlobiT Sexvdes mermiss.

guram absanZe

* * *

batoni antonis amqveyniurma sicoc-

xl ismierma samSvinvelma 90 weli moilia

da am asakSi Caatia is sidiade, silamaze


* * *

yvelaze faseuli, rac batonma antonma

Seqmna, swored misi cxovrebaa _ maga liTi

zneobisa, sikeTisa, erTgulebisa, simama-

cisa, siyvarulisa...

jemal Sonia

* * *

usazRvrod miyvars batoni anton

arnania, udides pativs vcem mis niWs, er-

ud icias, kalmis naTels da mis dide bul

ojaxs, romelic stumris mom lodine Ria

TvalebiT imzireba mwvane samoTxeSi Ca-

fluli darCelidan.

laSa gvasalia

* * *

batono anton, Tqven brZandebiT didi

sulis matarebeli, rac ase iSviaTia am

duxWir da gausaZlis cisqveSeTSi!

rezo (nugzar) SuraSvili

* * *

rtoebdaxunZluli zeciuri madliTa

da miwieri nayofiT _ wignebiT, SvilebiT,

SviliSvilebiT, gaficeb Zmobas, amaze

wamiT Tu giocnebia germanelTa sakon-

cen tracio banakSi sasikvdilod gamo-

mwyvdeuls?

dilar ivardava

* * *

sadac is aris _ saklaso oTaxSi,

gak veT ilze, sawer magidasTan Tu trib-

unasTan sityviT gamodis _ iq simarTlea,

siwrfele da uSualobaa, tradiciebis

erTgulebaa, samomavlo saqmeebis winas-

war ganWvretaa, didi siTboa da siyva-

ruli.

givi beraia

da siyvaruli, romelsac anton arnanias

cxovreba da Semoqmedeba hqvia. samwu-

xarod, Zalian bevrma Semoqmedma dro

usagnod mokla, wlebi hariharad galia,

xolo am didebulma adamianma RvTiT-

boZebuli niWi da SesaZlebloba bol-

omde gamoiyena da Seqmna amaRlebuli

poezia, didebuli proza da didi Sromi-

Ta da rudunebiT ametyvelebuli gazeTi

_ `darCeli~.

murman zaqaraia

* * *

gilocavT 90 wlis iubiles, gisurvebT

mzegrZelobasa da dRegrZelobas! Rmer-

Tma kidev mravali SegaZlebinoT Tqveni

qveynisa da xalxis sakeTildReod!

manguli xubua

* * *

batonma antonma mTeli cxovreba `fi-

ralis~ cxovrebiT icxovra, misi TavSe-

safari xalxi da xalxis siyvaruli iyo,

rac naTlad Cans mis poeziaSi, publicis-

tikaSi, mTlianad mis xangrZliv da nayo-

fier SemoqmedebaSi.

soso lagvilava

* * *

miwier samyaroSi Tu adamians SeuZlia

WeSmaritebis naTelSi Sesvla, batono

anton, Sen Seni wrfeli guliT dadiodi

am gzaze!

giorgi siWinava

* * *

batoni antoni gvzrdis marto Tavisi

arsebobiTac ki!.. aseTi Wirgamovlili

da mebrZoli sulierebis adamianis Cven

gverdiT yofna lxinia, sixarulia, mxneoba

da WirTaTmenaa.

irine taliaSvili


* * *

RmerTma nu qnas da saqarTvelos axla

rom mouxdes omi, antonis imedi unda

viqonioT, rogorc Tavdadebuli mebrZo-

lisa.

revaz uruSaZe

* * *

Cven, misi da misnairi kacebis wyalo-

biT gadarCenilni saqarTvelos Svilebi

kaxeTidan, mamaSviluri mokrZalebiT

veamborebiT `kolx papas~ najafar mxre-

bze da RmerTs SevTxovT misTvis iseT

simravles wlebisas, rogorica aqvs saqa-

rTvelos ukvdavebis simbolod qceul

did Wyons!

aleqsandre mezvriSvili

* * *

marTlac mravalWirgadanaxado, damaS-

vralo mamuliSvilo da poeto, Tqveni

moRvaweoba da cxovreba nimuSia kacur-

kacobisa!

zaur molaSxia

* * *

batonma antonma Tavisi cxovrebiT

daamtkica, rom is Rirseuli memkvidrea

didi qarTvelebisa, romlebmac gulze

jvari da xelSi xmali avgarozad daim-

Svenes.

valeri gabelia

* * *

me yovelTvis didi sixaruliT velo-

debi Tqvens Camosvlas samegrelodan.

maSin, rodesac Tqvens naTelmzian Ri-

mils kolxur siwmindesTan erTad im-

deni siTbo da siyvaruli Camoaqvs am

erTferovnebiT gadaRlil dedaqalaqSi,

mec vmaRldebi da mgonia, uTqvenobiT

taSkentis 25-s gaxareba daakldeboda...

luara gamyreliZe

* * *

Tqven, bevri Tqveni Tanatoli mwerli-

sagan gansxvavebiT, uyoymanod da uSiS rad

dadeqiT zviad gamsaxurdias erov nuli

ideis samsaxurSi; Cven erTad viR vwodiT

saqarTvelos damoukideb lobis aTvis, er-

Tad vebrZodiT xuntis jala Tebs, erTad

videqiT saprotesto mitin gebsa Tu sxva

aqciebze, erTad gvdevnidnen da gvapatim-

rebdnen SevardnaZis reJimis damcvelebi,

erTad vigloveT Cveni usay va rlesi pre-

zidentis zviad gamsaxur dias sikvdili

da mainc, dResac erTad vxvdebiT Tqveni

dabadebis 90-e wlisTavs.

indiko qobalia, zaur qobalia, edem kvirtia

* * *

Tqven CvenTvis cocxali mematiane

xarT, epoqis sunTqva da majiscema ix-

ateboda Tqvens TiToeul sityvaSi da

dideba Tqvens saxels, rom arasodes gi-

RalatiaT im tradiciebisadmi, romle bic

safuZvlad edo axalgazrdobis aRzrdas.

zaur kvaracxelia

* * *

gilocavT, Cveno sayvarelo adamiano,

am metad mniSvnelovan TariRs! Cven ki

sul dagelodebiT, monatrebiT Segxv-

debiT yoveli Tvis bolos, raTa Camobr-

ZandeT Tqveni mSobliuri darCelidan

da mogvamzeoT Tqveni camaRali Rimili.

kaxa qecbaia, daviT zaqaraia, Tea zaqaraia, maia gorgiaSvili, maia farulava, maia zaqaraia, roman

foniava

* * *

gisurvebT janmrTelobas, didi xnis

sicocxles da bednier, erTian saqarTve-

loSi cxovrebas!

mamuka gvaZabia


`madli~, aprili, 2007 weli:

* * *

wuTisoflis grZeli da Zneli gza

samSoblos, samarTlianobisa da sikeTis

samsaxurSi ganvlo anton arnaniam. 9

aprils 40 dRe sruldeba am SesaniSnavi

pirovnebisa da Semoqmedis garda cval-

ebidan _ swored rom 9 aprils, romelic

batoni antonisTvisac, rogorc WeSmari-

ti qarTvelisTvis, tkivilisa da amaR-

leb is, brZolisa da gamarjvebis dRe

iyo. am brZolasa da gamarjvebaSi anton

arnanias Rirseuli wvlili aqvs Setan-

ili Tavisi kalmiT Tu pedagogiuri moR-

vaweobiT, mTeli Tavisi cxovrebis wesiT.

werils xels aweren anton arnanias uaxloesi TanamebrZolebi da

megobrebi, sul 59 kaci

* * *

Cemo usayvarleso da usazRvrod

monatrebulo mamav, werilis mowera

damagvianda da axla ukve zesTa sauf-

loSi gansvenebuls gwer cremlian bar-

aTs Soreuli amerikidan. ver mova xerxe

okeanis gadmolaxva da ver SevZe li Seni

datireba, Cemo Wkviano da znemaR alo

adamiano!..

aza arnania

* * *

...Cveni mSobliuri alagi, Cveni darCe-

li darCa misi udidesi Wirisuflis _

anton arnanias gareSe, adamianisa, romel-

mac Cveni odabadis TiTqmis saukunovan

yofismier oromtrials Tavisi uwrfe-

lesi SemoqmedebiT Zegli daudga da

waruSleli kvalic daaCnia.

guram absanZe

* * *

saocrad tevadi da masStaburia Tqveni

biografiuli romani èrTi sico cxle~.

es aris matiane mTeli gasuli sauku-

nisa, sadac piruTvnelad da obie qturad

aris gaSuqebuli imdro indeli cxovreba,

xalxis siduxWire, brZola arsebobisT-

vis da yvela is politikuri viTareba, rac

sufevda bolSevikebis mier dapyrobil

saqarTveloSi. romanSi im de ni folklo-

ruli da eTnografiuli masalaa mimob-

neuli, rom am sferoSi momuSave mkvleva-

rebsa da mecnierebs udi des samsaxurs

gauwevs TavianT saqmi anobaSi.

giorgi siWinava

* * *

publicisti, Jurnalisti, prozaikosi,

meistorie, poeti, brwyinvale kalmosani

da xelovani _ aseT xeluxv moRvawed

darCa igi Cvens mexsierebaSi.

sikeTiT savse, moyvasisaTvis Tavdad-

ebul da TanamgrZnobel raindad Semor-

Ceba igi TanamedroveT.

irine taliaSvili

* * *

me mqonda bedniereba vyofiliyavi

misi wignis redaqtori. udides sulier

kmayofilebas mgvrida am daxvewili ge-

movnebis, rafinirebuli xelwerisa da

yovelmxriv mowesrigebuli Semoqmedis

gverdiT muSaoba.

jemal Sonia

* * *

naTeli dagadges, Zvirfaso adamiano,

Cveno maswavlebelo, babuav, papav da siy-

varulis despano! me ki bednieri viqnebi,

Tu Sevityob, _ skola Tqvens mSobliur

sofelSi, sadac aTeulwlobiT aswav-

lidiT qarTul enasa da literaturas,


gaxda Tqveni saxelobisa da darCelSi

romelime naTel, lamaz quCas ewoda an-

ton arnanias saxeli.

laSa gvasalia

* * *

batoni antonis mTeli cxovreba mar-

Tlac erTi mTliani, lamazi sicoc xlea

_ eris, qveynis, ojaxis siyvarulsa da

samsaxurSi patiosnad da saxelovnad

ganvlili.

edem kvirtia, zaur qobalia, indiko qobalia

* * *

Cvengan wavida da sulier saqarTve-

los SeuerTda kaci, romelsac marTlac

Zalian uyvarda sicocxle da amitom

arasdros dauxevia ukan, ar gamoqceula

brZolis velidan, vinaidan Zalian sjero-

da, rom am erT sicocxles aucil eblad

mohyveboda sxva yofa _ maradi uloba!

murman zaqaraia

* * *

batonma antonma amqveyniuri satan-

jveli sakmaod igema, magram mas sico-

cxle imdenad uyvarda, rom mTeli Tavisi

wuTisofeli swored sicocxlis zeimad

aqcia.

revaz uruSaZe

* * *

yvelas, visTanac mas saqmiani, mego-

bruli urTierToba hqonia, ojaxis

wevrad miaCnda batoni antoni da ulmo-

belma sikvdilma yvelas, maT Soris mec,

wagvarTva ojaxis wevri, uaxloesi da

sayvareli pirovneba.

manguli xubua

* * *

siyvaruli da erTguleba _ es is

fenomenebia, romelTa gareSe warmoud-

genelia batoni antonis cxovreba; igi

RvTaebrivi siyvarulisa da erTgulebis

kaci iyo.

kaxa qecbaia


revaz uruSaZis xsovnas

2015 wlis agvistoSi 86 wlis asakSi

wavida Cvengan qarTuli erov nuli Jur-

nalistikis TvalsaCino war moma dgeneli,

erovnuli moZraobis dauc xromeli moR-

vawe, gazeT ̀ TvalTais~ redaqtori revaz

mixeilis Ze uruSaZe.

revaz uruSaZe daibada 1929 wlis 25 se-

qtembers q. gorSi, samxedro mosamsa xuris

ojaxSi. mamis samsaxurTan dakav SirebiT

ojaxi male sacxovreblad gadavida

moskovSi. am periodis Sesaxeb TviTon

batoni revazi Cveuli iumoriT ase werda:

`sabavSvo baRSi iq Semiyvanes. ver Sevegue

civ da àmunia~ qalaqs. sis xlis yiJins

asaki ar scodnia. babua-bebiasTan gamis-

tumres deduleTSi. `dav munjdi~ erTi

TviT mainc, rusulad dalaparakebisa

mrcxvenoda~.

revazma 1948 wels daamTavra Tbili-

sis mozrdilTa meore saSualo skola,

radgan maSin ukve daojaxebuli iyo da

Cveulebriv skolaSi ver iswavlida.

Cairicxa Tbilisis saxelmwifo univer-

sitetis istoriis fakultetze. univer-

sitetis damTavrebis Semdeg muSaobda

saqarTvelos radioSi, cota xnis Semdeg

gadaiyvanes saqarTvelos axalSeqmnil

televiziaSi. aRsaniSnavia, rom revaz

uruSaZis iniciativiT daarsda televi-

ziis sportuli redaqcia da pirvelad

moewyo Tbilisis ezoebisa da quCebis

Sejibreba fexburTSi televiziis Tasze.

Semdeg es asparezoba mTel saqarTve l-

oSi Catarda; mere ki qarTvel teleJur-

nal istTa es Taosnoba mTeli sabWoeTis

masStabiT aitaces.

revaz uruSaZe Jurnalist marika Cxar-

ti SvilTan da sxva kolegebTan erTad

iyo folkloruli saRamoebis mowyobis

iniciatori; maT saRamoebis wamyvanebad

moiwvies v. kotetiSvili da a. WinWa-

rauli. televiziaSi Teatraluri prog-

ramebis mTavar redaqtorad muSaobis

dros SemoiRo cikli èriskacebi~; misi

avtorobiT momzadda telespeqtaklebi

Cvens saxelovan winaprebze; revaz uru-

SaZe aris pirveli qarTuli dokumen turi

telefilmis _ ̀ daviT maxaraZis ojaxi~ _

scenaris avtori. saerTod, misi avtoro-

biT gadaRebulia 50-ze meti dokumenturi

telefilmi. revaz uruSaZe aris ̀ liter-

aturuli gazeTisa~ da Jur nal ̀ droSis~

konkursebis gamarjveb uli.

erovnul moZraobas batoni revazi

jer kidev 1956 wlis cnobili movle-

nebis dros eziara, 80-iani wlebis dasas-

rulidan ki uyoymanod dadga zviad gam-

saxurdiasa da merab kostavas gverdiT,

pirveli mravalpartiuli arCevnebis

dros iyo deputatobis kandidati ̀ mrgva-

li magida _ Tavisufali saqarTvelos~

partiuli siiT.

im daZabul periodSi revaz uruSaZe

usamarTlod daiTxoves televiziidan,

magram roca blokireba mouwyves saxelm-

wifo televizias, kvlav miiwvies uzena esi

sabWos SenobaSi ganTavsebuli telev-

iziis sainformacio mauwyeblobis mTa-

var redaqtorad.

komunistur-kriminaluri gadatria-

lebis Semdeg revaz uruSaZe ganuwyve-

tel devnasa da represiebs ganicdida,

mravaljer iyo dapatimrebuli putCis-

tebis mier.


1993 wlidan revaz uruSaZe muSaobs

gazeT ìberia-speqtrSi~, sadac igi re-

daqtorma irakli gociriZem moiwvia.

Semdeg muSaobda gazeT `samrekloSi~,

Semdeg ki aarsebs da redaqtorobs gazeT

`TvalTais~, romelsac TvalsaCino adgi-

li uWiravs erovnul gamocemebs Soris.

paralelurad batoni revazi aqtiurad

TanamSromlobda gamomcemloba `zanis~

mier gamocemul gazeTebSi: àRdgoma~,

èrovnuli Tanxmoba~, `mafSalia~.

revanSistuli xuntis mxilebis garda,

revaz uruSaZes didi wvlili Sehqonda

adamianis uflebaTa dacvasa da damkvid-

rebaSi, misi gazeTi `TvalTai~ iyo ada-

mia nis uflebaTa dacvis saerTaSoriso

sazogadoebis koleqtiuri wevri.

revaz uruSaZe iyo ganaTlebuli pa-

trioti, gonebanaTeli adamiani. samSo-

blosa da samarTlianobisadmi Tavda deba

mas winaprebisgan mosdgamda: misi biZa,

grigol uruSaZe, qaquca Coloya Svilis

razmSi ibrZoda, amave dros saeqimo mom-

saxurebasac uwevda saqarTve los Ta-

visuflebisaTvis mebrZolebs. grigol

uruSaZe 1924 wels daxvrites bolSe-

vikebma. cota xniT represirebuli iyo

batoni revazis mamac, Semdeg ki samxedro

samsaxuridan daiTxoves.

revaz uruSaZe iyo Cveni guliTadi

megobari, sikeTiT savse pirovneba, kargi

moqarTule da saintereso mosaubre. igi

dauzareblad emsaxureboda erovnul

saqmes, iyo SesaniSnavi publicisti da

Jurnalisti, didad afasebda adamian-

ebTan urTierTobas, uyvarda da pativs

scemda yvelas, visac saqarTvelos damo-

uki deblobisa da erTianobisTvis brZo-

la uwmindes movaleobad miaCnda.

revaz uruSaZe sakuTari kalmiTac

qmnida saqarTvelos uaxloesi periodis

Jurnalistikis istorias _ im Jurnalis-

tikisa, romelic Seuryevlad emsaxureb-

oda qveynis interesebs, ambobda marTal

sityvas da piruTvnelad amxelda saqar-

Tve los arakeTilmosurneebs, princi-

pulad emijneboda CvenSi, samwuxarod,

sakmaod fexmokidebul yalb da cru,

konformistul da sulgayidul egreT

wodebul Jurnalistikas, romelTa

warmomadgenlebs sxvebze aranaklebi

wvlili miuZRviT qveynis dangrevasa da

sazogadoebis gaxleCaSi, tyuilisa da an-

tierovnuli ideologiis propagandaSi.

batoni revaz uruSaZe ki sufTa, kri-

sta luri adamiani iyo. igi samSoblos

emsaxura uangarod, wrfeli guliT da

aseTive miibara mSobliurma miwam.

Cven arasodes daviviwyebT baton re-

vazs, qveynis winaSe mis Rvawls ki, gvjera,

momavali Taobebi ufro daafas eben da

saTanado pativs miageben.

nemo burWulaZe, robert petriaSvili, irine taliaSvili, valter SurRaia, jemal Sonia, nodar jalaRonia, murman zaqaraia, dilar ivardava, luara gamyreliZe, laSa gvasalia, valeri gabelia, Teana zaqaraia, daviT zaqaraia, kaxa qecbaia, giorgi siWinava, zaur molaSxia, edem kvirtia, bela SalvaSvili, manguli xubua, zaur kvaracxelia, zaur bedia, levan Sengelaia, elene baraTaSvili, irine kukava, lia CxartiSvili, rusudan imnaZe, iona cqifuriSvili, ciuri baRaSvili, nana JiJiaSvili


Jurnal `mijnis~ redaqcia Tanau-

grZnobs Tavisufal SemoqmedTa gaer-

Tianebis xelmZRvanels, mweral laSa

gvasalias da Cveni Jurnalis erT-erT

Semoqmeds Teana zaqaraias mamisa da

mamamTilis roman gvasalias gardacva-

lebis gamo.

uecrad wavida Cvengan didebuli mamu-

liSvili, samSoblos Tavisuflebisa

da samarTlianobis aRdgenisaTvis Tav-

dadebuli mebrZoli, Tavisi sanaTesavo-

samegobros saimedo burji, guliTadi

megobari, guluxvi maspinZeli, Cveni

mxarSi amomdgomi da Wirisa da lxinis

gamziarebeli, yovelmxriv samagaliTo

ojaxis winamZRoli, sanimuSo meuRle,

mama da babua.

erovnuli moZraobisa da kanoni e-

ri xelisuflebis samsaxurSi roman

gvasalias uangaro Sromisa da amagis

dafaseba misi megobrebisa da Tanamebr-

Zolebis sazrunavia, metic, es valdeb-

ulebaa, radgan misnairi patrioti, gulmarTali da uSiSari adamianebi iZleod-

nen samSoblos keTildReobisaTvis, kanonierebisa da winaparTa wmidaTawmida

tradiciebis dacvisaTvis Tavdadebis uzado magaliTs.

romanis pirovnebis niSandobliv daxasiaTebad unda miviRoT misi vaJiSvilis

mier micvalebulis sasTumalTan Tqmuli: `mamis saxebas, mis sulier samyaros

ver Sevafaseb amqveyniuri yofis sazomiT, radgan igi iyo literaturuli qmni-

lebebidan gadmosuli ukeTilSobilesi, qvelmoqmedebiT damSvenebuli, maRali

zneobis adamiani~.

roman gvasalia kolxur muxas hgavda, saxelganTqmul Wyons, fesvmagarsa da

tanZliers, romelsac samSoblos mze da miwa, wyali da haeri asuldgmulebda

da axarebda. dRes es muxa waiqca, magram misi Svilebi da SviliSvilebi, misi

saqmeebiTa da saxeliT amayni da welgamarTulni, Rirseulad gaagrZeleben mis

sicocxles da Taobebs gadascemen mis naTels.

Zalian mwared dagvakldeba batoni romanis gardasaxva zeciur saqarTveloSi,

magram nugeSad gvrCeba mis mier datovebuli kacuri kvali, misi rainduli sulis

naTeli da am yovlad keTilSobili pirovnebis fergaumkrTali xsovna.

Jurnal `mijnis~ redaqcia

Cveni samZimari


teqnikuri redaqtori: luara gamyreliZe

kompiuteruli momsaxureba: Teana zaqaraia

dizaini: irakli uSveriZe

avtorebs vTxovT, mogvawodon masalebis eleqtronuli versia

aiwyo da dakabadonda Sps `gamomcemloba `mijnaSi~

� taSkentis q. #25, b.1, tel. 238–03–11

daibeWda gamomcemloba ùniversalis~ stambaSi

� WavWavaZis gamz. #19, tel. 222–36–09

daibeWda gamomcemloba ùniversalSi~

Tbilisi, 0179, i. WavWavaZis gamz. 19, : 2 22 36 09, 5(99) 17 22 30 E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

C M Y K

m i j n a#1 (4) maisi, 2016 weli

eZRvneba

bagrat III-is

`gamorCenil~

1000 wlis

iubiles

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C M Y K mijna217.147.235.82/bitstream/1234/207791/1/Mijna_2016_N1.pdf · 2020. 7. 3. · qvey nis gam Tli a ne ba ca ri e li ad gi li dan ar da uw yia. Ta nac mi si po li ti ku ri