C-Programlama - Atatürk Üniversitesi Ders Notları (Slayt)

8/9/2019 C-Programlama - Atatürk Üniversitesi Ders Notları (Slayt)

1/281

L# bò ĺ`c _yauèfeèr vo

NoĘbŘcomòr


2/281

L# b`c prharef-chmsh` uyau`efesĵL# eáĵcnĵctem shmre Db`o-Mow-Zrhiolt


3/281

L# b`c prharefEáĵèm pomlororono b`c hèrec chmsh` uyauèfesĵmĵ soábyhruz


4/281

L# b`c prharefCerŘĵfĵze áĵcelec h`em ocrem 9


5/281

L# b`c prharefChnu yeznĵctem shmre yoŘb` ðáaomo voye D?tuŘume prharefĵ áe`ĵŘtĵrfec bábm kese`ĵf

Chn ku ereyeyezĵ`elec


6/281

L# b`c prharef

ĺstonbĘbfbz yezĵ chmsh` ocremĵmne aôrð`fðŘtðr. Omtor tuŘume kesersec prharef shm`emĵr…


7/281

L# b`c prharef

Zrharefĵ tocrer mesĵ` áe`ĵŘtĵreleĘĵz8

Zrhioyb mesĵ` eáeleĘĵz8

Zrhio moroyo ceynonb`nb8


8/281


9/281

L# b`c prharef notey`ĵ bmloòfo

L# nb`bmno gorŘoy kb sĵmĵdtĵr. Gor sĵmĵdĵm bŘ yepem áoŘbt b̀ oòfemèrĵ vernĵr. ĺŘ yepem

oòfemère fotht yene bŘòv nomb`br. L# nb`b .MO^ pètdhrfu ðzorbmno yezĵ`ĵfao`bŘtbrfoc bábm cu`èmĵèm kbr ereátĵr. .MO^ sĵmĵd cðtðpgemosbmnom deyneèmfebfcemĵfĵz vernĵr. Yetom .MO^‒b vo L# ĵ aðá`ð cĵèm ôzo``bcòrbmnom kbrb .MO^pètdhrfumne kbmòrlo gbyorerŘbc hèrec nðzomòmfbŘ uèŘĵfĵ chèy sĵmĵdèr kuùmur.Kumèrnem kbrb no lhmshò sĵmĵdĵnĵr.

Mefospelo (bsbf eèmĵ)

ĺsbf eèmĵ (mefospelo)


10/281


11/281



EŘeĘĵnecb abkb kbr getey`e cerŘĵ`eŘĵrsĵmĵz


12/281



ĺsbf eèmèrĵmĵ keŘtem ko`brtfoc yorbmo e`tormetbd hèrec chnumuzu bsbf eèmèrĵmĵko`brtoroc no yezekb`brbsbmbz.

\ystof.Lhmshò.Qrbto@bmo("Forgeke, Ku kombf b`c prharefbf")3

\ystof.Lhmshò.[oen@bmo() 3

\ĵmĵdèrĵm ku Řocb`no ko b̀rtb`fosb poc torlbg onb`foyom kbr yômtofnbr. Áðmcð bábáo kbr áhcbsbfeèmĵmĵm temĵfèmnĵĘĵ nurufèrne ceymec chnufuz aorocsbz yoro bsbfeèmèrĵmĵyezfecè uzefectenĵr.

Ku gof hcumekb`br`bĘb khzfecte gofno prhareflĵye zefem ceykottbrfoctonbr.

`c n ` `


13/281


Ábdt ĵ̂rmec ĺŘerotb

Lhmshò.Qrbto@bmo("Forgeke, Ku kombf b`c prharefbf")3

^ĵrmec bŘerotòrbmb ce`nĵrĵrsec mo hùr8

Lhmshò.Qrbto@bmo(Forgeke, Ku kombf b`c prharefbf)3

L# b`c n ` b `


14/281


Ábdt ^ĵrmec ĺŘerotb "

Zrharefèfe nb`òrbmno cerector co`bfosb, kbr gerd, seyĵ,mhcteèfe bŘerotb ye ne kbr sofkh` emèfĵme ao`br. \trbmaco`bfosb bso cerectoròrbm yem yeme aoòroc hùŘturnucèrĵ nbzbemèfĵme ao`br. \trbmaòrnom hùŘem kbr noĘbŘcom l#‒ne ábdttĵrmec bŘerotb bò ko`brtb`br.

Ônov5 9 Ocrem áĵctĵsĵ hèrec‗‒Forgeke Ku kombf b`c

prharefĵf‒‒ vorom chmshùyauèfesĵmĵ yezĵmĵz.Ocremne tĵrmec bŘerotòrbaôrðmoloctbr.

L# b`c n t ` b `


15/281


Mhcte`ĵ vbrað` 3

Gorgemab kbr L# noybfbmbm shmume mhcte`ĵ vbrað` ocòfoybumutfec prharefĵfĵzĵm gete vorfosbmo monom hùr.

KhŘ setĵrZrharefĵm nege chèy hcumekb`fosbmb vo emèŘĵèkb`fosbmb seĘèr.

KhŘ setĵrèr noròyblb teredĵmnem nbcceto e`ĵmfezèr.


16/281

L# b`c n t ` b `


17/281


Kðtðm L# chmsh` uyauèfeèrĵ áe`ĵŘfeye Febm dhmcsbyhmumu bŘòtoroc keŘèr.Febm dhmcsbyhmu h`feyem kbr L# uyauèfesĵ nðŘðmðòfoz.Febm co`bfosbmbm b`c gerdb hèm F nebfe kðyðc gerdò yezĵ`fe`ĵnĵr. (L#‒ĵm leso-somsbtbvo h`nuĘumu umutfeyĵmĵz.)Febm co`bfosbmnom shmre cu`èmĵèm mhrfe` peremtozòr kbr dhmcsbyhmum (fothnuver`ĵĘĵme bŘerot onor.Fothnèr ko`br`b bŘòr yeperèr vo aomo`no aorbyo noĘor nômnðrðròr.

vhbn emegter co`bfosb Febm dhmcsbyhmumum aorbyo gbákbr noĘornômnðrfonbĘbmb ko`brtbr.

ôrmoc


18/281

ôrmoc

Ocrem áĵctĵsĵ rosbfnocb abkb hèm chnu senolo wrbto`bmo fothnumucu`èmerec aoráocòŘtbrbmbz.

Ôrmoc Chn


19/281

Ôrmoc-Chn

Lhmshò.Qrbto@bmo("--------------------------------")3

Lhmshò.Qrbto@bmo(" ")3

Lhmshò.Qrbto@bmo("------EÊ^_[C _MĺTO[\ĺÔ\ĺ------")3


Lhmshò.Qrbto@bmo("--OMN_\^[ĺ FÐGOMNĺ\@ĺAĺ KÔ@ÐFÐ--")3


Lhmshò.Qrbto@bmo("---------O[Y_[_F ;:5;-----------")3

Lhmshò.Qrbto@bmo(" ")3Lhmshò.Qrbto@bmo("--------------------------------")3

Lhmshò.[oen@bmo()3

L# b`c prharef aôrso` uyauèfe


20/281


Db`o-mow-prhiolt



21/281

L# b`c prharef aôrso` uyau`efeDhrf5‒o kbr kutthm vo kbr toxtkhx sðrðc`oybp kĵrecĵyhruz



22/281

L# b`c prharef aôrso` uyauèfeKutthm5‒o ábdt tĵcènĵĘĵfĵzne9 kuthmum l`blc hèyĵme orbŘbrbz. Remb kuthmetĵcènĵĘĵfĵzne prharefĵm mo yepfesĵmĵ bstbyhrsec kureye yezĵyhruz.



23/281

L# b`c prharef aôrso` uyauèfeKbz prharefĵfĵzne kuthme tĵcèmnĵĘĵmne toxtkhx bábmo kbr yezĵ yezĵ`fesĵmĵbstbyhruz. Rezĵèm chn vo prharef áe`ĵŘtĵĘĵmne hùŘelec aôrðmtð eŘeĘĵnenĵr.

prbveto vhbn kutthm5XL`blc(hkiolt somnor, OvomtEras o){

toxtKhx5.ôxt 6 "Forgeke Ku kombf b`c Zrharefĵf"3}

Ôrmoc9;-5


24/281

Ôrmoc9; 5_yauèfeyĵ kbrez nege aôrso`òŘtbrfoc bstorsoc. Zrhio bsfb hrmocX;X5 hèm kbr l#prhiosb bábm

ĺstomomòr

Drhf ðzorbmno < kuthm 5 toxtkhx

Kuthm5 ðzorbmnocb yezĵ 9 toxtkhx‒e yez

Kuthm; ðzorbmnocb yezĵ 9 sb`

Kuthm< ðzorbmnocb yezĵ 9 cepet

ôxtkhx erce pèm romab cĵrfĵzĵ

ôxtkhx ðzorbmnocb yezĵmĵm romab serĵ

Kuthm5‒o kesĵ`nĵĘĵmne toxtkhx ðzorbmno bstonbĘbfbz foseiĵ yezelez

Kuthm;‒yo kesĵ`nĵĘĵmne toxtkhx ðzorbmnocb yezĵ sb`bmoloc vo

Kuthm


25/281

Ôrmoc9; 5ĺstomomòro aôro enĵf enĵf abno`bf. Ômlo`bcò bsfb HrmocX;X5 hèm yomb kbr prhiohùŘturuyhruz.

Ôrmoc9;-5


26/281

Ôrmoc9; 5Dhrf ðzorbmo ereá cutusumnem < enot kutthm vo 5 enot toxtkhx sðrðcòybpkĵrecĵyhruz.

Mht 9 OĘor teserĵf eŘefesĵmne kuthm bsbfòrbmb noĘbŘtbrfoc bstorsoc, prhportbospomlorosbmb cu`èmerec kuthmum toxt ôzo``Ębmb noĘbŘtbrokb̀ brbz. Emlec kbz prharefáe`ĵŘtĵcnem shmre yemb dhrf yðcòmbrcom kuthm bsbfòrbmbm noĘbŘfosbmb bstbyhruz. Dhrf

ðzorbmno khŘ hèm gorgemab kbr yoro ábdt tĵcèye`ĵf.

Ôrmoc9;-5


27/281

Ôrmoc9; 5CerŘĵfĵze áĵcem ocremne dhrf yðcòmnbĘbmno hùŘfesĵmĵ bstonbĘbfbz nurufèrĵyezĵyhruz

kutthm5.Euth\bzo 6 truo3 (kuthmum kðyðc`ðĘðmðm ðzorbmno yezem yezĵye aôro hthfetbchèrec noĘbŘfosbmb seĘèr)

kutthm5.ôxt 6 "toxtkhx'e yez"3 (kuthmum toxt ôzo``bĘbmb noĘbŘtbrbr.

Ôrmoc9;-5


28/281

Ôrmoc9; 5Nomofo efeá`ĵ prharefĵfĵzĵ áe`ĵŘtĵrĵrsec 9

ÔMLO \HM[E

ŝbfnb kutthm5‒o ábdt tĵc`eye`ĵf vo toxtkhx ôzo` b̀c`orbmb bstomom nurufe

aotbro`bf3

Ôrmoc9;-5


29/281

Ô oKuthm5‒bm tĵcèfe hèyĵme yezfefĵz aorocom chnèr


toxtKhx5.ôxt 6 "Forgeke, Ku kombf b`c prharefĵf!!"3toxtKhx5.DhroLh`hr 6 Lh`hr.Ro``hw3toxtKhx5.KelcLh`hr 6 Lh`hr.[on3

}

Ku ge`noycom ðzorbmno sb` yezm kuthmevo prharefĵ cepet yezem kuthme gbákbrchn yezĵ`fenĵĘĵ bábm ku kuthmèrekesĵ`nĵĘĵmne gbákbr hèy aoráocòŘfoz

Ôrmoc9;-5


30/281

ŝbfnb kuthm; vo kuthm


31/281


32/281

11?7:7 emn+2;;>41>>:1 5.?x5:->? - x5:


33/281

Ę Ř• Om sĵc cu`èmĵèm tbpòr• bmt x3

“ x 6 :, 5, 5::::, ->71 hèkb`br

• nhukò y3

“ y 6 :,:, 5.?, , :.::::::?,

-;


34/281

NoĘbŘcomòr• NoĘbŘcomòr Mesĵ` Cu`èmĵ`ĵr8

“ Ômlo temĵfèfec aorocbr (Enĵmĵ vo tbpbmb ko`brtfo)

{

bmt fyBmtoaor3

strbma fy\trbma3

\hmre noĘor etemfec zhrumnenĵr, nege shmre ku noĘorbmb cu`èmekb`brsbmbz

fyBmtoaor 6 513fy\trbma 6 ‐Kombf yeŘĵf 6‖3

Fosseaokhx.\ghw(fy\trbma + fyBmtoaor)3

}

“ ĺ`c noĘorb etemfeyem noĘbŘcom hcumefez! Gete Hùr

strbma fy\trbma3

Fosseaokhx.\ghw(fy\trbma)3 W GEÊ

N Ęb c `


35/281


36/281


37/281


38/281


39/281


40/281

>:

NoĘbŘcomòr• Torb ^bpb NômðŘðfòrb (Lestbma)

“ Kbr vorb tbpbmnom keŘce kbr vorb tbpbmo nômðŘðf yepfectĵr• ĺstofsbz (bfp`blbt) nômðŘðf9 Gbákbr nômðŘðf hporetôrð cu`èmfenem yepĵ`ĵr. Torb

ceykĵmĵm h`fenĵĘĵ nurufèrne yepĵ`ĵr

bmt x 6 5:3

nhukò y 6 ?:.>?3

y 6 x3 // y 5:.: hùr

• ĺstof`b (oxp`blbt nômðŘðf)9 NômðŘðf tbpbmo aôro kbr hporetôr cu`èmĵèrec yepĵ`ĵr.Torb ceykĵ h`se kbò shrumsuz yepĵ`ĵr

bmt x 6 5:3

nhukò y 6 ?:.>?3

x 6 y3 // GEÊ

bmt x 6 5:3

nhukò y 6 ?:.>?3

x 6 Lhmvort.^hBmt


41/281

NoĘbŘcom`or

>5

NoĘbŘcom`or


42/281

• Ôzotò9

• bmt, nhukò, strbma, khh` noĘbŘcom tbpòrbnbr

• x,y,z bmtEao, strDu``Mefo, nkNhèr noĘbŘcom bsbfòrbnbr

• Lhmvort. ĥBmt;

NoĘbŘcomòr


43/281

><

NoĘbŘcomòr

\hru9 Kbr nhsyemĵm enĵmĵ tutfec bábm `hce` kbr noĘbŘcom temĵfèyĵmĵz.

\hru9 ĺ`c noĘorb 5::: hèm vo tefseyĵ tutfec bábm `hce` kbr noĘbŘcom temĵfèyĵmĵz.

\hru9 Zb seyĵsĵmĵ tutem a`hke` kbr noĘbŘcom temĵfèyĵmĵz

\hru9 ĺ`c noĘorb de`so hèm kbr noĘbŘcom temĵfèyĵmĵz.

\hru9 Kbr tefseyĵ bò kbr hmne`ĵc`ĵ seyĵmĵm thpèfĵmĵ kuèm prharef bábm `hce`noĘbŘcomòr temĵfèyĵmĵz.

\H[_@E[


44/281

Erbtfotbc Hporetôròr, Fetg

\ĵmĵdĵ vo Zrharef EcĵŘ Chfutèrĵ

Erbtfotbc Hporetôròr


45/281

;

p

• Áerpfe bábm *• Kô`fo bábm /• Ceèmĵ ku`fec bábm %• ĥpèfe vo áĵcerfe bábm +, -• êfseyĵ kô`fo bŘòfb shmulu yuverèr.

1 / ? shmuá hèrec 5 vorbr.

• 1 % ? shmuá hèrec ; vorbr.

Chmsh` _yauèfesĵ Hrmoc


46/281

ya

Cu`èmĵlĵnem cèvyo yhùyè eèleĘĵ ;seyĵmĵm hrteèfesĵmĵ kuèrec ocremeyemsĵtelec kbr L# chmsh` uyauèfesĵ

yezĵmĵz.



47/281

ya

Ômlo`bcò hrteèfe bŘòfb bábm mo tbpnoĘbŘcom temĵfèmĵr hmu nðŘðmðm8



48/281

ya

Lhmshò.Qrbto@bmo("`ðtdom kbr seyĵ abrbmbz")3

• nhukò e 6 Lhmvort.^hNhukò(Lhmshò.[oen@bmo())3

• Lhmshò.Qrbto@bmo("`ðtdom kbr seyĵ nege abrbmbz")3

• nhukò k 6 Lhmvort.^hNhukò(Lhmshò.[oen@bmo())3• nhukò l 6 (e + k)/;3

• Lhmshò.Qrbto@bmo("abrbòm bcb seyĵmĵm hrteèfesĵ 6 " +l)3

• Lhmshò.[oen@bmo()3

Gosep Fecbmosb -_yauèfe


49/281

> bŘòfbm (+, - , / , *) aoráocòŘtbrb`nbĘb kbr gosep fecbmosbuyauèfesĵ yepe`ĵf.

Dhrf ðzorbmo < enot èko`, < toxtkhx vo ? kuthm ocòyo`bf



50/281

Kuthm vo `eko` ðzorbmnocb yezĵ`erĵ Řocb`nocb abkbnoĘbŘtbro`bf.



51/281

//^HZ@EFE B\@OFBprbveto vhbn kutthm5XL`blc(hkiolt somnor, OvomtEras o){

nhukò seyb5 6 Lhmvort.^hNhukò(toxtKhx5.ôxt)3nhukò seyb; 6 Lhmvort.^hNhukò(toxtKhx;.ôxt)3nhukò thpèf 6 seyb5 + seyb;3

toxtKhx


52/281

// LE[ZFE B\@OFBprbveto vhbn kutthm


53/281

//ÔFBY@OFO B\@OFBprbveto vhbn kutthm?XL`blc(hkiolt somnor, OvomtEras o){

toxtKhx5.ôxt 6 ""3toxtKhx;.ôxt 6 ""3toxtKhx


54/281

L# ne Fetg \ĵmĵdĵmĵ vo fothtèrĵmĵ cu`èmerec kezĵ fetofetbcso` bŘòfòrbcĵseyh`nem yepekb`brsbmbz.

\ystof.Fetg Řoc`bmno áeĘrĵ`ĵr.

Eks(x) Kbr seyĵmĵm futèc noĘorbmb tuter.Lhs(x) Kbr seyĵmĵm chsbmðsðmð tuter.

http://www.csharptr.com/tag/mathhttp://www.csharptr.com/tag/math


55/281

y\bm(x) Kbr seyĵmĵm sbmðsðmð tuter.

êm(x) Kbr seyĵmĵm temiemtĵmĵ tuter.Lob`bma(x) x seyĵsĵmnem kðyðc om cðáðc tef seyĵyĵ tuter (yucerĵyuverèfe).D`hhr(x) x seyĵsĵmnem cðáðc om kðyðc tef seyĵyĵ tuter (eŘeĘĵyuverèfe).Fex(x,y) x vo y seyĵèrĵmĵm om kðyðĘðmð tuter.Fbm(x,y) x vo y seyĵèrĵmĵm om cðáðĘðmð tuter.Zhw(x,y) x ðzorb y‒yb tuter.\qrt(x) x‒bm cerocôcðmð tuter.

@ha(x) x seyĵsĵmĵm o tekemĵmne `haerbtfesĵmĵ tuter.Oxp(x) o ðzorb x‒bm noĘorbmb tuter.@ha5:(x) x seyĵsĵmĵm 5: tekemĵmnecb `haerbtfesĵmĵ tuter.

L# ne Fetg sĵmĵdĵ uyauèfesĵ


56/281

Romb kbr prhio keŘètĵ`ĵf vo dhrfufuzum ðzorbmo 5 kutthm vokbr `bstkhx ocòyo`bf

L# ne Fetg sĵmĵdĵ uyauèfesĵ


57/281

Kuthmum l`blc hèyĵme eŘeĘĵnecb chnèrĵ yeze`ĵf vo mohèleĘĵmĵ yhrufèye`ĵf


`bstKhx5.Btofs.Enn(Fetg.ZB)3`bstKhx5.Btofs.Enn(Fetg.Eks(-5:.;))3`bstKhx5.Btofs.Enn(Fetg.Lhs(


58/281

• E 6 K mo nofoc8

• E 6 K blre onb`nbĘb emne

• E b`o K‒yb yornoĘbŘtbrfoc bstorsoc8

• L 6 E

• E 6 K

• K 6 L blre onb`br

E 5;;.>?

K -57.?41

-57.?41

E 5;;.>?

K -57.?41

L 85;;.>?

-57.?41

5;;.>?


59/281

Mht9


60/281

6 bò nbĘor hporetôròrkbròŘtbrbòkb`br9

e 6 e + k yorbmo e +6 k

e 6 e / k yorbmo e /6 k

L#.MO^ Zrharef EcĵŘ Chfutèrĵ


61/281

• K`hc

• bd…• swbtlg...

• dhr…

• wgbò...• nh-wgbò…

EcĵŘ chfutèrĵ, prharefĵm bstombòmsetĵrèrĵmĵm kbrnom dezè node áe`ĵŘtĵrĵ`fesĵ,ko``b kbr chŘuè aôro áe`ĵŘtĵrĵ`fesĵmĵ ye ne

gbá áe`ĵŘtĵrĵ`fefesĵmĵ seĘèyem chfutèrnĵr.


62/281

bd… chfutu• Kbr chŘu`e aôro prharefĵm ecĵŘĵmĵ noĘbŘtbrbr


63/281

Kbr chŘuè aôro prharefĵm ecĵŘĵmĵ noĘbŘtbrbr.

bmt b`cseyb, bcbmlbseyb3b`cseyb 6 5:3bcbmlbseyb 6 13bd (b`cseyb = bcbmlbseyb){

FosseaoKhx.\ghw("b`c seyĵ kðyðctðr")3

}o`so{

FosseaoKhx.\ghw("b`c seyĵ kðyðc NOĝĺ@Nĺ[")3}

CerŘĵèŘtĵrfe Hporetôròrb9=, 0, =6, 06 KÐRÐC/CÐÁÐC FÐ866 Oŝĺ^ Fĺ8!6 DE[C@B FB8

Femtĵcse` Hporetôròr9&& TO|| TORE! NOĝĺ@Nĺ[

bd… chfutu• bd() bábmo shmulu nhĘru (truo) ye ne yem`ĵŘ (de`so) hèkbòloc kbr noybf ao`fo`bnbr.


64/281

bd() bábmo shmulu nhĘru (truo) ye ne yem`ĵŘ (de`so) h`ekb`oloc kbr noybf ao`fo`bnbr.

bmt b`cseyb, bcbmlbseyb3b`cseyb 6 5:3bcbmlbseyb 6 13 khh` shmul 6 de`so3

shmul 6 (b`cseyb = bcbmlbseyb)3bd (shmul){

FosseaoKhx.\ghw("b`c seyĵ kðyðctðr")3}o`so{ FosseaoKhx.\ghw("b`c seyĵ kðyðc NOĝĺ@Nĺ[")3

}

bd… chfutu• Ôrmoc


65/281

bmt b`cseyb, bcbmlbseyb3b`cseyb 6 Lhmvort.^hBmtbcbmlbseyb 6 Lhmvort.^hBmt


66/281

ĺá báo o`so bd k`hcèrĵ yezĵèkb`br

bmt b`cseyb, bcbmlbseyb3b`cseyb 6 13bcbmlbseyb 6 13bd (b`cseyb=bcbmlbseyb){

FosseaoKhx.\ghw("b`c seyĵ kðyðctðr")3

}o`so bd( b`cseyb66bcbmlbseyb) // bcb temo ‐6‐ sofkh`ð cu`èmĵ`ĵr{

FosseaoKhx.\ghw("b`c seyĵ bcbmlb seyĵye Oŝĺ^^ĺ[")3}o`so bd (b`cseyb 0 bcbmlbseyb){

FosseaoKhx.\ghw("b`c seyĵ bcbmlb seyĵnem CÐÁÐC")3}o`so{

FosseaoKhx.\ghw("b`c vo bcbmlb seyĵèrĵ cerŘĵèŘtĵrefenĵf")3}

bd… chfutu


67/281

NĵŘerĵnem Abrb`om :-5:: eresĵmnecb mhte aôro aoábp ce`feyĵ ko`br`oybmbz. 4:

ðzorb aoáor.

bd… chfutuprbveto vhbn kutthm5 L`blc(hkiolt somnor, OvomtEras o)


68/281


bmt shmul 6 Lhmvort.^hBmt


69/281

bmt eyMh3strbma eyEnb3eyMh6


70/281

\wbtlg vo strbma noĘbŘcom ôrmoĘbstrbma eyEnb3eyEnb 6 txtEyEnĵ.ôxt3 // fosoè Mbsemswbtlg(eyEnb){

leso ‐Hlec‖9 FosseaoKhx.\ghw(‐\bzbm kurlumuz ke`ĵc‖)3

kroec3leso ‐Fert‖9 FosseaoKhx.\ghw(‐\bzbm kurlumuz chve‖)3 kroec3

leso ‐ôffuz‖9 FosseaoKhx.\ghw(‐\bzbm kurlumuz esèm‖)3 kroec3

//.....nodeu`t9 FosseaoKhx.\ghw(‐\bzbm kurlumuz yhc‖)3 kroec3

}

• \wbtlg vo strbma noĘbŘcom ôrmoĘb “ nege byb

swbtlg… chfutu


71/281

\wbtlg vo strbma noĘbŘcom ôrmoĘb nege byb

ôrmoc !strbma eyEnb, kurlEnb3eyEnb 6 txtEyEnĵ.ôxt3 // fosoè Mbsemswbtlg(eyEnb){

leso ‐Hlec‖9 kurlEnb 6 ‐ke`ĵc‖3

kroec3leso ‐Fert‖9 kurlEnb 6 ‐chve‖3 kroec3

leso ‐ôffuz‖9 kurlEnb 6 ‐esèm‖3 kroec3

//.....nodeu`t9 kurlEnb 6 ‐yhc‖)3 kroec3

} FosseaoKhx.\ghw(‐\bzbm kurlumuz ‖ & kurlEnb)3

dhr… nômaðsð• Ko`br`b kbr chn k`hĘumu, ômlonom kb`bmom seyĵne tocrer áe`ĵŘtĵrfeye yerer


72/281

dhr (seyeáXnoĘorb3 nômaðXchŘuù3 seyeáXnoĘbŘbfb)

{

noybfòr3

…

}

bmt thpèf,lhumtor 6 :3thpèf 6 :3dhr (lhumtor 6 53 lhumtor 06 43 lhumtor++){

thpèf 6 thpèf + lhumtor3} FosseaoKhx.\ghw(thpèf.^h\trbma())3

* lhumtor++ noybfb,lhumtor6lhumtor+5 nofoctbr

dhr… nômaðsðEŘeĘĵnecb kesbt prharefèrĵm mo yeptĵĘĵmĵ eáĵcèyĵm!!


73/281

EŘeĘĵnecb kesbt prharefèrĵm mo yeptĵĘĵmĵ eáĵcèyĵm!!

bmt x 6 :3dhr (bmt e 6 53 e 06 5:3 e++){

x 6 x + 53}tgbs. ôxt 6 x. ĥ\trbma()3

bmt x 6 :, e, k3dhr (e 6 53 e 06 5:3 e++){

dhr (k 6 53 k 06 ?3 k++)

{ x 6 x + 53}

}tgbs. ôxt 6 x. ĥ\trbma()3

dhr… nômaðsð EŘeĘĵnecb kesbt prharefèrĵm mo yeptĵĘĵmĵ eáĵcèyĵm!!


74/281

Ř Ę p a y p Ę á y

bmt x 6 :3bmt y 6 :, e, k3dhr (e 6 53 e 06 5:3 e++){

dhr (k 6 53 k 06 ?3 k++){x 6 x + 53y 6 y + x + e + k3

}}

tgbs. ôxt 6 x. ĥ\trbma() + " " + y.^h\trbma()3

dhr… nômaðsðy6x]; dhmcsbyhmumum 5 b`o ? eresĵmnecb bmtoare`bmb dhr nômaðsð


75/281

y y a a

cu`èmerec gosepèyĵmĵz.

l`l3lòer3

ertbsXfbc6:.:53

thpèf6:3

dhr b659ertbsXfbc9>.22

thpèf6thpèf+((b];)+(b+ertbsXfbc)];)*ertbs

Xfbc/;3

omn

thpèf

dhr… nômaðsðy6x]; dhmcsbyhmumum 5 bò ? eresĵmnecb bmtoare`bmb dhr nômaðsð


76/281

cu`èmerec gosepèyĵmĵz.

nhukò shmul 6 :3nhukò b 6 :3

dhr (b 6 53 b 06 >.223 b +6 :.:5){

shmul 6 shmul + ((Fetg.Zhw(b, ;) + Fetg.Zhw((b + :.:5), ;)) * :.:5) / ;3}tgbs. ôxt 6 shmul.^h\trbma()3

dhr… nômaðsð• kroec vo lhmtbmuo chfutèrĵ• kroec dhr nômaðsðmnom nômað kbtfonom áĵcfeye yerer (áĵcer)


77/281

• kroec, dhr nômaðsðmnom nômað kbtfonom áĵcfeye yerer (áĵcer)

• lhmtbmuo, dhr nômaðsðmðm bábmno chfutèrĵ áe`ĵŘtĵrfenem seyelĵ kbr ertĵrĵr (etèr)

bmt lerpbf, lhumtor3lerpbf 6 53

dhr (lhumtor 6 53 lhumtor 06 5;3 lhumtor++){

lerpbf 6 lerpbf * lhumtor3bd (lerpbf = 5:::::){

lerpbf 6 5:::::3 kroec3

}} FosseaoKhx.\ghw(lerpbf.^h\trbma())3

}

hr… ma sDhrf ðzorbmo 5 kuthm vo 5 toxtkhx ocòyo`bf. EŘeĘĵnecb ; chn eresĵmnecbderc monbr.



78/281


toxtKhx5.ôxt 6 ""3dhr (bmt b 6 :3 b 0 5:3 b++){

toxtKhx5. ôxt +6 b. ĥ\trbma()+" "3bd (b 66 1){

toxtKhx5.ôxt +6 " yonb kuùmnu"3kroec3

}

}

}

toxtKhx5. ôxt 6 ""3dhr (bmt b 6 :3 b 0 5:3 b++){

toxtKhx5.ôxt +6 b. ĥ\trbma()+" "3

}}

dhr… nômaðsð• lhmtbmuo


79/281

bmt lerpbf, lhumtor3lerpbf 6 53

dhr (lhumtor 6 :3 lhumtor 06 5;3 lhumtor++){

lerpbf 6 lerpbf * lhumtor3bd ((lhumtor % ;) 66:) // lhumtor ábdt seyĵ bso{

lhmtbmuo3 // etè}o`so // noĘb`so,{

lerpbf 6 lerpbf * lhumtor3 // áerpfeye novef }

} FosseaoKhx.\ghw(lerpbf.^h\trbma())3

wgbò… nômaðsð• Kbr bdeno truo noĘorbmb vornbĘb sðrolo bstombòm noybfòrb tocrer onor.


80/281

wgbò (truoXyeneXde`soXhèkbòlocXbdeno)

{

….

tocrerèmfesĵmĵ bstonbĘbmbz noybfòr3

.…

}

{

bmt lhumtor 6 :3

bmt thpèf6:3

wgbò (lhumtor 0 5:){

thpèf +6 lhumtor3lhumtor++3}

FosseaoKhx.\ghw(thpèf.^h\trbma())3

} * lhumtor‒ĵ kbr ertĵrfezsemĵz (lhumtor++),prharef shmsuz nômaðyo abror vo áecĵ`ĵr!

thpèf +6 lhumtor3 noybfbthpèf 6 thpèf + lhumtor3 nofoctbr

wgbò… nômaðsð

Gemab seyĵye cener hèm tef seyĵèrĵm thpèfĵ 5::‒ð b`c aolor.


81/281

bmt thpèf 6 :3bmt b 6 53wgbò (thpèf 0 5::){

thpèf +6 b3b++3

}b6b-53FosseaoKhx.\ghw(b.^h\trbma ()+ "'o cener hèm seyĵèrĵm thpèfĵ 5::'ð

aoátb " )3

wgbò… nômaðsð (Ônov>)

Lh`ètz Zrhkòfb


82/281

Ômlo kbr phzbtbd tefseyĵ soábm. Ku seyĵye yepĵèlecbŘòf9

\eyĵ tocso < cetĵmĵ e`ĵp 5 ocòybm. \eyĵ ábdtso ;'yo kô`ðm.

Eymĵ bŘòfo áĵcem seyĵye uyauèyĵm. Om shmumne o`noonoloĘbmbz seyĵ5'nbr.

ÔrmoĘbm 7 seyĵsĵmĵ oò eè`ĵf9

7-(;'yo kô`)->-(;'yo kô`)-;-(;'yo kô`)-5

?-(< cetĵmĵ e` 5 ocò)-54-7->-;-5Cu`èmĵlĵnem e`ĵmem seyĵmĵm ceá enĵfne 5‒o uèŘtĵĘĵmĵaôstorom kbr l# chnu yezĵmĵz. Zrharefĵm ereyðzðeŘeĘĵnecb abkb hèlectĵr .



83/281

nh-wgb`o… nômaðsð• Kbr k`hĘum áe`ĵŘfesĵ, shmnecb bdeno truo noĘorbmb vornbĘb sðrolo tocrer onor.


84/281

nh

{

tocrerèmfesĵmĵ bstonbĘbmbz noybfòr3

}

wgbò (truoXde`soXhèkbòlocXbdeno)3

{

bmt lhumtor 6 :3

bmt thpèf6:3

nh{

thpèf +6 lhumtor3lhumtor++3} wgbò (lhumtor0;:)3FosseaoKhx.\ghw(thpèf.^h\trbma())3

}* lhumtor‒ĵ kbr ertĵrfezsemĵz (lhumtor++),

prharef shmsuz nômaðyo abror vo áecĵ`ĵr!

nh-wgbò… nômaðsð

ĺcb chn eresĵmnecb derc monbr8


85/281

bmt e 6 ?3nh{e++3

tgbs.ôxt 6 e.^h\trbma()3}wgbò (e !6 ?)3FosseaoKhx.\ghw("kbttb")3

bmt e 6 ?3

wgbò(e!6?){

e++3tgbs. ôxt 6 e. ĥ\trbma()3

}

FosseaoKhx.\ghw("Kĺ^^ĺ")3

\hmsuz nômað monom8 Qgbò nômaðsðmo abrfoz monom8


86/281



87/281

Etefe bdenosb

E 6 K mo nofoc8

E 6 K blre onb`nbĘb emne

E b`o K‒yb yor

noĘbȒtbrfoc bstorsoc8

L 6 E

E 6 K

K 6 L blre onb`br

E 5;;.>?

K -57.?41

-57.?41

E 5;;.>?

K -57.?41

L 85;;.>?

-57.?41

5;;.>?


88/281

Mht9


89/281

6 bò nbĘor hporetôròr

kbròŘtbrbòkb`br9

e 6 e + k yorbmo e +6 ke 6 e / k yorbmo e /6

k



90/281

K`hc bd…

swbtlg...

dhr… wgbò...

nh-wgbò…

EcĵŘ chfutèr ĵ, prharefĵm bstombòmsetĵrèr ĵmĵm kbrnom dezè node áe`ĵŘtĵr ĵ`fesĵ,ko``b kbr chŘuè aôro áe`ĵŘtĵr ĵ`fesĵmĵ ye negbá áe`ĵŘtĵr ĵ`fefesĵmĵ se Ę ̀eyem chfutèrn ĵr.

K`hc{ } n cb ` k` c n b


91/281

{ vo } eresĵmnecb eème k`hc nombr.

K`hc bábmnocb noĘbŘcomòro ‐yoro` noĘbŘcom‖ nombr.

Roro` noĘbŘcomòro senolo temĵfèmnĵcèrĵ k`hc bábmnom orbŘbòkb`br. K`hĘumáe`ĵŘtĵrĵ`fesĵ kbtbmlo noĘbŘcom no yhc hùr.

prbveto vhbn ktmGo``hQhr`nXL`blc(hkiolt somnor, OvomtEras o){

bmt x, y, z3x 6 >3y 6


92/281

Kbr chŘuè aôro prharefĵm ecĵŘĵmĵ noĘbŘtbrbr.

bmt b`cseyb, bcbmlbseyb3b`cseyb 6 5:3

bcbmlbseyb 6 13bd (b`cseyb = bcbmlbseyb){

FosseaoKhx.\ghw("b`c seyĵ kðyðctðr")3}o`so

{ FosseaoKhx.\ghw("b`c seyĵ kðyðc NOĝĺ@Nĺ[")3

}

CerŘĵèŘtĵrfe Hporetôròrb9=, 0, =6, 06 KÐRÐC/CÐÁÐC FÐ866 Oŝĺ^ Fĺ8!6 DE[C@B FB8

Femtĵcse` Hporetôròr9&& TO|| TORE! NOĝĺ@Nĺ[

bd… chfutu bd() bábmo shmulu nhĘru (truo) ye ne yem`ĵŘ (de`so) hèkbòloc kbr noybf ao`fo`bnbr


93/281

bd() bábmo shmulu nhĘru (truo) ye ne yem`ĵŘ (de`so) h`ekb`oloc kbr noybf ao`fo`bnbr.

bmt b`cseyb, bcbmlbseyb3b`cseyb 6 5:3bcbmlbseyb 6 13

khh` shmul 6 de`so3shmul 6 (b`cseyb = bcbmlbseyb)3bd (shmul)

{ FosseaoKhx.\ghw("b`c seyĵ kðyðctðr")3

}o`so{

FosseaoKhx.\ghw("b`c seyĵ

kðyðc NOĝĺ

@Nĺ[")3}

bd… chfutu Ôrmoc


94/281

Ôrmoc

bmt b`cseyb, bcbmlbseyb3b`cseyb 6 Lhmvort.^hBmtbcbmlbseyb 6 Lhmvort.^hBmt


95/281

ĺá báo ‐o`so bd‖ k`hcèrĵ yezĵèkb`br

bmt b`cseyb, bcbmlbseyb3b`cseyb 6 13bcbmlbseyb 6 13bd (b`cseyb=bcbmlbseyb){

FosseaoKhx.\ghw("b`c seyĵ kðyðctðr")3}o`so bd( b`cseyb66bcbmlbseyb) // bcb temo ‐6‐ sofkh`ð cu`èmĵ`ĵr

{ FosseaoKhx.\ghw("b`c seyĵ bcbmlb seyĵye Oŝĺ^^ĺ[")3

}o`so bd (b`cseyb 0 bcbmlbseyb){

FosseaoKhx.\ghw("b`c seyĵ

bcbmlb seyĵ

nem CÐÁÐC")3}o`so{

FosseaoKhx.\ghw("b`c vo bcbmlb seyĵèrĵ cerŘĵèŘtĵrefen ĵ f")3}

bd… chfutu


96/281

NĵŘerĵnem Abrb`om :-5:: eresĵmnecb mhte aôro aoábp ce`feyĵ ko`br`oybmbz. 4:ðzorb aoáor.

bd… chfutuprbveto vhbn kutthm5 L`blc(hkiolt somnor OvomtEras o)


97/281


bmt shmul 6 Lhmvort.^hBmt


98/281

Ę Ř Ř y p

bmt eyMh3strbma eyEnb3eyMh6


99/281

\wbtlg vo strbma noĘbŘcom ôrmoĘbstrbma eyEnb3eyEnb 6 txtEyEn ĵ.ôxt3 // fosoè Mbsemswbtlg(eyEnb){

leso ‐Hlec‖9 FosseaoKhx.\ghw(‐\bzbm kurlumuz ke`ĵc‖)3 kroec3

leso ‐Fert‖9

FosseaoKhx.\ghw(‐\bzbm kurlumuz chve‖)3 kroec3

leso ‐ôffuz‖9 FosseaoKhx.\ghw(‐\bzbm kurlumuz esèm‖)3 kroec3//.....

nodeu`t9 FosseaoKhx.\ghw(‐\bzbm kurlumuz yhc‖)3 kroec3

}

\wbtlg vo strbma noĘbŘcom ôrmoĘb “ nege byb ôrmoc !

swbtlg… chfutu


100/281

\wbtlg vo strbma noĘbŘcom ôrmoĘb nege byb ôrmoc !strbma eyEnb, kurlEnb3eyEnb 6 txtEyEn ĵ.ôxt3 // fosoè Mbsemswbtlg(eyEnb){

leso ‐Hlec‖9 kurlEnb 6 ‐ke`ĵc‖3 kroec3

leso ‐Fert‖9

kurlEnb 6 ‐chve‖3 kroec3

leso ‐ôffuz‖9 kurlEnb 6 ‐esèm‖3 kroec3//.....

nodeu`t9 kurlEnb 6 ‐yhc‖)3 kroec3

} FosseaoKhx.\ghw(‐\bzbm kurlumuz ‖ & kurlEnb)3

dhr… nômaðsð Ko`br`b kbr chn k`hĘumu, ômlonom kb`bmom seyĵne tocrer áe`ĵŘtĵrfeye yerer


101/281

dhr (seyeáXnoĘorb3 nômaðXchŘuù3 seyeáXnoĘbŘbfb)

{

noybfòr3

…

}

bmt thpèf,lhumtor 6 :3thpèf 6 :3dhr (lhumtor 6 53 lhumtor 06 43 lhumtor++){

thpèf 6 thpèf + lhumtor3

} FosseaoKhx.\ghw(thpèf.^h\trbma())3

* lhumtor++ noybfb,lhumtor6lhumtor+5 nofoctbr

dhr… nômaðsð



102/281


bmt x 6 :3dhr (bmt e 6 53 e 06 5:3 e++){

x 6 x + 53}

tgbs.^oxt 6 x.^h\trbma()3

bmt x 6 :, e, k3

dhr (e 6 53 e 06 5:3 e++){dhr (k 6 53 k 06 ?3 k++){

x 6 x + 53

}}tgbs.^oxt 6 x.^h\trbma()3

dhr… nômaðsð



103/281


bmt x 6 :3

bmt y 6 :, e, k3dhr (e 6 53 e 06 5:3 e++){

dhr (k 6 53 k 06 ?3 k++){

x 6 x + 53y 6 y + x + e + k3

}}tgbs.ôxt 6 x.^h\trbma() + " " + y.^h\trbma()3

dhr… nômaðsð (ôrmoc)

Dhrfum Ðzorbmo 5 toxtkhx < èko` vo 5 lhfkhkhx yoròŘtbrbm. Cu`èmĵlĵ


104/281

y Řtoxtkhx‒nem kbr tefseyb eèlec lhfkhkhx‒nem yeptĵreleĘĵ bŘòfbsoáoloc vo shmulu @eko` ne yeznĵrlectĵr. Repĵèlec hèm bŘòfòr,seyĵmĵm decthrbyo`b, seyĵye cener hèm seyĵèrĵm ceroòrb thpèfĵ voseyĵye cener hèm seyĵèrĵm thpèfĵ Řoc b̀mno hèlectĵr.

bmt seyb 6 Lhmvort.^hBmt


105/281

dhr (bmt b 6 ;3 b 06 seyb3 b++){

shmul *6 b3}

}èko`5.ôxt 6 shmul.^h\trbma()3

}o`so bd (lhfkhKhx5.\oòltonBmnox 66 5){

bmt cero^hpèf 6 :3seyb 6 Fetg.Eks(seyb)3dhr (bmt b 6 53 b 06 seyb3 b++){

cero^hpèf +6 b * b3}

èko`5.ôxt 6 cero^hpèf.^h\trbma()3}o`so bd (lhfkhKhx5.\oòltonBmnox 66 ;){

bmt ^hpèf 6 :3seyb 6 Fetg.Eks(seyb)3dhr (bmt b 6 53 b 06 seyb3 b++){

^hpèf +6 b3

}̀eko`5.ôxt 6 ^hpèf.^h\trbma()3}o`so bd (lhfkhKhx5.\oòltonBmnox 66 -5){

FosseaoKhx.\ghw("`ðtdom soábf yepĵmbz")3}

dhr… nômaðsð

y6x]; dhmcsbyhmumum 5 bò ? eresĵmnecb bmtoare`bmb dhr nômaðsð


106/281

y x ; dhmcsbyhmumum 5 bò ? eresĵmnecb bmtoare`bmb dhr nômaðsðcu`èmerec gosepèyĵmĵz.

l`l3lòer3

ertbsXfbc6:.:53

thpèf6:3

dhr b659ertbsXfbc9>.22

thpèf6thpèf+((b];)+(b+ertbsXfbc)];)*ertbs

Xfbc/;3

omn

thpèf

dhr… nômaðsð

y6x]; dhmcsbyhmumum 5 bò ? eresĵmnecb bmtoare`bmb dhr nômaðsð


107/281

y y a acu`èmerec gosepèyĵmĵz.

nhukò shmul 6 :3nhukò b 6 :3dhr (b 6 53 b 06 >.223 b +6 :.:5){

shmul 6 shmul + ((Fetg.Zhw(b, ;) + Fetg.Zhw((b + :.:5), ;)) * :.:5) / ;3}tgbs. ôxt 6 shmul.^h\trbma()3

dhr… nômaðsð kroec vo lhmtbmuo chfutèrĵ


108/281

kroec, dhr nômaðsðmnom nômað kbtfonom áĵcfeye yerer (áĵcer)

lhmtbmuo, dhr nômaðsðmðm bábmno chfutèrĵ áe`ĵŘtĵrfenem seyelĵ kbr ertĵrĵr (etèr)

bmt lerpbf, lhumtor3lerpbf 6 53dhr (lhumtor 6 53 lhumtor 06 5;3 lhumtor++){

lerpbf 6 lerpbf * lhumtor3bd (lerpbf = 5:::::){

lerpbf 6 5:::::3 kroec3

}

} FosseaoKhx.\ghw(lerpbf.^h\trbma())3}

dhr… nômaðsðDhrf ðzorbmo 5 kuthm vo 5 toxtkhx ocòyo`bf. EŘeĘĵnecb ; chn eresĵmnecbderc monbr.



109/281


toxtKhx5. ôxt 6 ""3dhr (bmt b 6 :3 b 0 5:3 b++){

toxtKhx5. ôxt +6 b. ĥ\trbma()+" "3bd (b 66 1)

{ toxtKhx5. ôxt +6 " yonb ku`umnu"3kroec3

}

}

}

{toxtKhx5. ôxt 6 ""3dhr (bmt b 6 :3 b 0 5:3 b++){

toxtKhx5. ôxt +6 b. ĥ\trbma()+" "3

}}

dhr… nômaðsð lhmtbmuo


110/281

bmt lerpbf, lhumtor3lerpbf 6 53dhr (lhumtor 6 :3 lhumtor 06 5;3 lhumtor++){

lerpbf 6 lerpbf * lhumtor3bd ((lhumtor % ;) 66:) // lhumtor ábdt seyĵ bso{

lhmtbmuo3 // etè}o`so // noĘb`so,{

lerpbf 6 lerpbf * lhumtor3 // áerpfeye novef }

} FosseaoKhx.\ghw(lerpbf.^h\trbma())3

wgbò… nômaðsð Kbr bdeno truo noĘorbmb vornbĘb sðrolo bstombòm noybfòrb tocrer onor.


111/281

wgbò (truoXyeneXde`soXhèkbòlocXbdeno)

{

….tocrerèmfesĵmĵ bstonbĘbmbz noybfòr3

.…

}

{bmt lhumtor 6 :3

bmt thpèf6:3

wgbò (lhumtor 0 5:){

thpèf +6 lhumtor3

lhumtor++3}

FosseaoKhx.\ghw(thpèf.^h\trbma())3

} * lhumtor‒ĵ kbr ertĵrfezsemĵz (lhumtor++),prharef shmsuz nômaðyo abror vo áecĵ`ĵr!

thpèf +6 lhumtor3 noybfb

thpèf 6 thpèf + lhumtor3 nofoctbr

wgbò… nômaðsð

Gemab seyĵye cener hèm tef seyĵèrĵm thpèfĵ 5::‒ð b`c aolor.


112/281

a y y y p a

bmt thpèf 6 :3bmt b 6 53wgbò (thpèf 0 5::){

thpèf +6 b3

b++3}b6b-53FosseaoKhx.\ghw(b.^h\trbma ()+ "'o cener hèm seyĵèrĵm thpèfĵ 5::'ð

aoátb " )3


Lh`ètz Zrhkòfb


113/281

Ômlo kbr phzbtbd tefseyĵ soábm. Ku seyĵye yepĵèlecbŘòf9

\eyĵ tocso < cetĵmĵ e`ĵp 5 ocòybm. \eyĵ ábdtso ;'yo kô`ðm.

Eymĵ bŘòfo áĵcem seyĵye uyauèyĵm. Om shmumne o`noonoloĘbmbz seyĵ5'nbr.

ÔrmoĘbm 7 seyĵsĵmĵ oò eè`ĵf97-(;'yo kô`)->-(;'yo kô`)-;-(;'yo kô`)-5

?-(< cetĵmĵ e` 5 ocò)-54-7->-;-5

Cu`èmĵlĵnem e`ĵmem seyĵmĵm ceá enĵfne 5‒o uèŘtĵĘĵmĵaôstorom kbr l# chnu yezĵmĵz. Zrharefĵm ereyðzðeŘeĘĵnecb abkb hèlectĵr.



114/281

nh-wgb`o… nômaðsð Kbr k`hĘum áe`ĵŘfesĵ, shmnecb bdeno truo noĘorbmb vornbĘb sðrolo tocrer onor.


115/281

nh

{

tocrerèmfesĵmĵ bstonbĘbmbz noybfòr3}

wgbò (truoXde`soXhèkbòlocXbdeno)3

{bmt lhumtor 6 :3

bmt thpèf6:3

nh{

thpèf +6 lhumtor3

lhumtor++3} wgbò (lhumtor0;:)3FosseaoKhx.\ghw(thpèf.^h\trbma())3

}* lhumtor‒ĵ kbr ertĵrfezsemĵz (lhumtor++),prharef shmsuz nômaðyo abror vo áecĵ`ĵr!

nh-wgbò… nômaðsð

ĺcb chn eresĵmnecb derc monbr8


116/281

bmt e 6 ?3

nh{e++3tgbs.ôxt 6 e.^h\trbma()3}wgbò (e !6 ?)3FosseaoKhx.\ghw("kbttb")3

bmt e 6 ?3

wgbò(e!6?){

e++3tgbs.ôxt 6 e.^h\trbma()3

}

FosseaoKhx.\ghw("Kĺ^^ĺ")3

\hmsuz nômað monom8 Qgbò nômaðsðmo abrfoz monom8


117/281

Errey (Nbzbòr)

>. Gedte

Errey

Eymĵ tbptom áhc seyĵne noĘbŘcom thpùùĘunur.


118/281

Kbrnom dezè eymĵ tbptocb

noĘorò bŘòf yepfeyĵchèyèŘtĵrĵr.

Errey temĵfèfe9

5. Errey enĵmĵ vo tbpbmb ko`brtfo

;.Errey noĘbŘcomòrbmb mosmo hèrec yeretĵ`fesĵ

: ?4

Errey Reretfe

5. ^bp vo enĵmĵ ko`brtfo9haromlbMh


119/281

;. NoĘbŘcomòrbmb mosmo hèrec yeretĵ`fesĵ

?3haromlbMhS5V 6 ;3

haromlbMhS>V 6 4?53

haromlbMh ;<

5?1

?>>

4?5

>? haromlbMhS:V

haromlbMhS5VharomlbMhS;V

haromlbMhSV

// ^ðf errey‒òr : tekem`ĵnĵr.

Errey Cu`èmfe

Cu`èmfe


120/281

EŘefeèr kbròŘtbrbòkb`br9

bmtSV haromlbMh3

haromlbMh 6 mow bmtS?V3

haromlbMhS:V 6 >?3

haromlbMhS5V 6 ;3

haromlbMhS>V 6 4?53

FosseaoKhx.\ghw(haromlbMhS;V)3

bmt KesceNoabscom6:3

KesceNoabscom 6 haromlbMhS;V * ;3 // KesceNoabscom (5?1 x ;) hùr

bmtSV haromlbMh 6 mow bmtS?V3bmtSV haromlbMh3

haromlbMh 6 mow bmtS?V3

bmtSV haromlbMh 6 mow bmtS?V {>?,;>,4?5}3

Errey Ôrmocòrb

Gor tðr`ð noĘbŘcom tbpb bábm errey temĵfèmekb`brbmtSV haromlbMh 6 mow bmtS?V {>?,;>,4?5}3


121/281

SV a S V { , , , , }3

sghrtSV sbreMh3

nhukòSV ey`bc_lrotòr 6 mow nhukòS?:V3

strbmaSV en6mow strbmaS3 lhumtor++)

{

`k\hmul.ôxt 6 `k\hmul.ôxt + " " + haromlbMhSlhumtorV.^h\trbma()3}

Errey _zumùĘu

_zumùc (@omatg),errey‒nocb noĘbŘcom seyĵsĵnĵr


122/281

Nômaðno @omatg cu`èmfec

bmtSV haromlbMh 6 mow bmtS?V {>?,;>,4?5}3

//errey‒bm uzumùĘu ?‒nbr

// :..>

nhukòSV recefèr 6 mow nhukòS>:V3

// uzumùc >:‒nĵr.

// :..


123/281

k`hĘumu tocrerèr.

yorbmo,

cu`èmekb`brsbmbz.

dhroelg (bmt noaor bm haromlbMh)

{

`k\hmul.ôxt +6noaor.th\trbma()3

}

dhr (bmt lhumtor 6 :3 lhumtor 0 haromlbMh.@omatg3 lhumtor++)

{`k\hmul.ôxt 6 `k\hmul.ôxt + haromlbMhSlhumtorV.^h\trbma()3

}

Errey‒òrno Khyut

ôc khyutù (Hmo-Nbfomsbhm)ôc Khyutù


124/281

Áhc khyut`u (Fu`tb-Nbfomsbhm)

; Khyut`u

bmtS,V Mhcte 6 mow bmtS


125/281

dhr (bmt khyut:6:3 khyut: 0 Mhcte.Aot@omatg(:)3 khyut:++)

{

bd (MhcteSkhyut:, :V 0 :)

{ Moaetbdfb 6 truo3

}

bd (MhcteSkhyut:, 5V 0 :)

{

Moaetbdfb 6 truo3

}bd (MhcteSkhyut:, ;V 0 :)

{

Moaetbdfb 6 truo3

}

}

dhr (bmt khyut:6:3 khyut: 0 Mhcte.Aot@omatg(:)3 khyut:++)

{

dhr (bmt khyut56:3 khyut5 0 Mhcte.Aot@omatg(5)3 khyut5++)

{

bd (MhcteSkhyut:, khyut5V 0 :)

{

Moaetbdfb 6 truo3

}

}

}

_yauèfe

5: oèfem`ĵ { 5?, ;>, ?1, 72, >5, ;?, ;>, 5;, 2:, 7? } nbzbsbmbm oòfemèrĵmĵm omkðyðĘðmð, om cðáðĘðmð, hrteèfesĵmĵ vo stemnert sepfesĵmĵ kuèm prharefĵchnèyĵmĵz.


126/281

y

\temnert sepfemĵm dhrfð`ð

_yauèfe

nhukòSV nbzb 6 { 5?, ;>, ?1, 72, >5, ;?, ;>, 5;, 2:, 7? }3nhukò omk 6 -2:::::::, omc 6 2:::::::, hrt, thpèf 6 :, stnsepfe 6 :3


127/281

dhr (bmt b 6 :3 b 0 nbzb.@omatg3 b++){

bd (nbzbSbV = omk)omk 6 nbzbSbV3 //om kðyðc oòfemĵ ku`fec bábmbd (nbzbSbV 0 omc)

omc 6 nbzbSbV3 // om cðlðc oòfemĵ ku`fec blbmthpèf +6 nbzbSbV3 //oòfemèrĵm thpèfĵ bábm

}

hrt 6 thpèf / nbzb.@omatg3dhr (bmt b 6 :3 b 0 nbzb.@omatg3 b++)

stnsepfe +6 Fetg.Zhw((nbzbSbV - hrt), ;)3stnsepfe 6 Fetg.\qrt((stnsepfe / nbzb.@omatg))3FosseaoKhx.\ghw("omkðyðc oòfem 6 " + omk. ĥ\trbma()

+ "Pmomcðlðc oòfem " + omc. ĥ\trbma() +"Pmhrteèfe 6" + hrt.^h\trbma() +"Pmstemnertsepfe 6 " + stnsepfe.^h\trbma())3

_yauèfe (Dbkhmellb)

ôxtkhx‒nem abrbòm noĘoro aôro Dbkhmellb sorbsbmnocb seyĵyĵ vorom prharefĵchnèyĵmĵz.


128/281

bmt khyut 6 Lhmvort.^hBmt


129/281

bd (khyut = ;){

bmtSV dbkhm 6 mow bmtSkhyutV3dbkhmS:V 6 :3dbkhmS5V 6 53dhr (bmt b 6 ;3 b 0 dbkhm.@omatg3 b++){

dbkhmSbV 6 dbkhmSb - 5V + dbkhmSb - ;V3}FosseaoKhx.\ghw("\orbnocb " + khyut.^h\trbma() + " o`ofem 6 " +

dbkhmSkhyut - 5V. ĥ\trbma())3}

o`so{FosseaoKhx.\ghw("_RE[B!! ;'nom Kðyðc kbr tefseyĵ abrbmbz!!")3

}


130/281

_yau`efe (Fetrbs Áerpĵfĵ)

bmtS,V E 6 mow bmtS;,


131/281

strbma setbr 6 ""3dhr (bmt b 6 :3 b 0 E.Aot@omatg(:)3 b++)

{dhr (bmt i 6 :3 i 0 K.Aot@omatg(5)3 i++){

dhr (bmt c 6 :3 c 0 E.Aot@omatg(5)3 c++){

LSb, iV +6 ESb, cV * KSc, iV3}setbr +6 LSb, iV.^h\trbma()+" "3bd (i 66 K.Aot@omatg(5) - 5){

`bstKhx5.Btofs.Enn(setbr)3

setbr 6 ""3}

}}


132/281

L#‒ne Errey \ĵmĵd ĵ vo ĺŘòfòr

Errey Ðzorbmno ĺŘòfòr

• ErreyEnĵ.[emc “ Ceá Khyut ver8• ErreyEnĵ.Aot@omatg(:) “ :‒ĵmlĵ khyutte ceá oòfem ver8


133/281

strbmaSV en 6 mow strbmaSV { "gesem", "eyŘo", "nuyau", "fort", "se`bg" }3

FosseaoKhx.\ghw(en.Aot@omatg(:).^h\trbma())3FosseaoKhx.\ghw(en.[emc.^h\trbma())3

strbmaS,V du``mefo 6 mow strbmaS?, ;V3

du``mefoS:, :V 6 "gesem"3

du``mefoS:, 5V 6 "tegsbm"3

du``mefoS5, :V 6 "eyŘo"3

du``mefoS5, 5V 6 "perfem"3

du``mefoS;, :V 6 "nuyau"3

du``mefoS;, 5V 6 "nbcfom"3

du``mefoS, 5V 6 "fomnor"3

bmt Khyut\eybsb 6 du``mefo.[emc3

FosseaoKhx.\ghw(Khyut\eybsb.^h\trbma())3

en.Aot@omatg(5) 8

Errey Ðzorbmno ĺŘ`of`or

Err5.[emc()3

Err5.Aot@omatg(:)3


134/281

\ystof.Errey.Lòer(Err5, :, ?)3

\ystof.Errey.\hrt(Err5)3

\ystof.Errey.[ovorso(Err5)3

\ystof.Errey.[osbzo(Err5, 1)3

\ystof.Errey.Lhpy(Err5,:, Err;, :, ?)3

\ystof.Errey.BmnoxHd(Err5, ‐Emcere‖)3

\ystof.Errey.Lòer(Err5, W, _)3

• Errey‒nocb oòfemèrĵ tbpòrbmo aôro tofbzòr• W, ceáĵmlĵ oòfemnem btbkerom tofbzòmoloĘbmb sôyòr

• _ ceá oòfemĵm tofbzòmoloĘbmb (uzumùc) sôyòr


135/281

• _, ceá oòfemĵm tofbzòmoloĘbmb (uzumùc) sôyòr• \eyĵse` tbpòr “ :

• [odorems tbpòrb (strbma vk) “ mu``

• Khhòem tbpb “ de`so

strbmaS,V du``mefo 6 mow strbmaS?, ;V3

du``mefoS:, :V 6 "gesem"3

du``mefoS:, 5V 6 "tegsbm"3

du``mefoS5, :V 6 "eyŘo"3du``mefoS5, 5V 6 "perfem"3

du``mefoS;, :V 6 "nuyau"3

du``mefoS;, 5V 6 "nbcfom"3

du``mefoS, 5V 6 "fomnor"3

\ystof.Errey.Lòer(du``mefo, :, du``mefo.@omatg)3

du``mefoS:, :V mu``

du``mefoS:, 5V mu``

du``mefoS5, :V mu``

du``mefoS5, 5V mu``

du``mefoS;, :V mu``

du``mefoS;, 5V mu``

du``mefoS, 5V mu``

\ystof.Errey.\hrt(Err5)3

Err5 enĵmne, toc khyutù errey‒òrno, oòfemèrĵ sĵreèr

\ ` Cð ðct kð ðĘ (: 2


136/281

\eyĵse` errey “ Cðáðctom kðyðĘo (:…2

Fotbm Errey “ E`dekotbc hèrec (E…Y)…


\ystof.Errey.\hrt(en)3

…

enS:V “ ‐eyȒo‖

enS5V “ ‐nuyau‖

enS;V “ ‐gesem‖

enSV “ ‐se`bg‖

\ystof.Errey.[osbzo(Err5, W)3

Err5, toc khyutù errey‒nbr, oòfem seyĵsĵmĵ noĘbŘtbrfoc bábm cu`èmĵ`ĵr.

W b ` c n


137/281

W, yomb uzumùc seyĵsĵnĵr.

…strbmaSV en 6 mow strbmaSV { "gesem", "eyŘo", "nuyau", "fort", "se`bg" }3

\ystof.Errey.[ozbso(rod en, 5:)3

enS4V6 ‐fegfut‐3

…


enS5V “ ‐nuyau‖



enS?V “ mu``

enS4V “ ‐fegfut‖

enS1V “ mu`ènS7V “ mu``

enS2V “ mu``

*rod co`bfosbmb cu`èmfec zhrumùnur.

\ystof.Errey.[ovorso(Err5)3

Err5 enĵmnecb toc khyutù errey‒bm oòfemèrĵmĵ torssĵrene yoròŘtbrbr.


138/281

…


\ystof.Errey.[ovorso(en)3…

enS:V “ ‐eyȒo‖enS5V “ ‐nuyau‖



enS:V “ ‐se`bg‖enS5V “ ‐fort‖


enSV “ ‐eyȒo‖

\ystof.Errey.BmnoxHd(Err5, KbrNoaor)3

Err5 abkb toc khyut`u errey bábmno, vorb`om noĘorberer.

Kb N a n tb ` kb`b


139/281

KbrNoaor, seyĵ ye ne fotbm hèkb`br.

Kuùrse, oòfemĵm bmnocsbmb vorbr. Kuèfezse -5 noĘorbmb vorbr.strbmaSV en 6 mow strbmaSV { "gesem", "eyŘo", "nuyau", "fort", "se`bg" }3

FosseaoKhx.\ghw(\ystof.Errey.BmnoxHd(en, "nuyau").^h\trbma())3FosseaoKhx.\ghw(\ystof.Errey.BmnoxHd(en, "Nuyau").^h\trbma())3

FosseaoKhx.\ghw(\ystof.Errey.BmnoxHd(en, "dorbnum").^h\trbma())3

‐nuyau‖ ‐Nuyau‖ ‐dorbnum‖

\ystof.Errey.Lhpy(Err5, W5, Err;, W;, @)3

Err5, ver hèm errey‒nbr, toc khyutù h`fec zhrumnenĵr. Err;, yomb errey‒nbr, toc khyutù h`fec zhrumnenĵr.

W5, chpyeèfemĵm Err5‒nocb gemab oòfemnem keŘèyeleĘĵmĵ sôyòr.


140/281

, py a Ř y Ę y

W;, chpyeèfemĵm Err;‒nocb gemab oòfemnem keŘèyeleĘĵmĵ sôyòr.

@, ceá oòfemĵm chpyeèmeleĘĵmĵ sôyòr

Err;, aoòm oòfemèrĵ tutfeye yotoloc uzumùcte h`fe`ĵnĵr.

:‒ĵmlĵ oòfemnem btbkerom tðf ? oòfemĵ en; errey‒bmo chpyeèr


strbmaSV en; 6 mow strbmaS1V3\ystof.Errey.Lhpy(en,:,en;,:,?)3


enS5V “ ‐nuyau‖enS;V “ ‐gesem‖


en;S:V - ‐eyȒo‖

en;S5V - ‐nuyau‖

en;S;V - ‐gesem‖

en;SV - ‐se`bg‖

en;S?V - mu``

en;S4V - mu``

Errey@bst

Cèsbc nbzb̀ orò áe`ĵŘĵrcom cerŘĵèŘekbòloĘbfbz tofo` shrumèrĵ Řu Řocb`nosĵreèfec fðfcðmnðr9


141/281

sĵreèfec fðfcðmnðr9

Nbzbòrbm sĵmĵrèrĵ sekbttbr.Nbzbòrbm tðf oòfemèrĵ eymĵ tðrnom h`fe`ĵnĵr.

Cu`èmfenĵĘĵfĵz nbzb oòfemèrĵmnem nhèyĵ ko`òc eèmèrĵ aorocsbz yoro

bŘae` onb`foctonbr.

Ku shrumèrĵm ðzorbmnom aoòkb`Řfoc bábm Lsgerpne Errey@bst sĵmĵdĵtemĵfèmfĵŘtĵr. Errey@bst‒b `bstkhx‒bm aôrðmfoyomb hèrec nðŘðmokb`brsbmbz.

Errey@bst sĵmĵrèrĵ nbmefbc hèrec noĘbŘokbòm nbzbòr hèrec temĵfèmĵr. Kuvorb yepĵsĵ .MO^ sĵmĵd cðtðpgemosbmbm \ystof.Lh`òltbhms bsbf eèmĵmnekuùmur.

Errey@bst (Ôrmoc)

Dhrf ðzorbmo bcb kuthm vo kbr toxtkhx vo kbr `bstkhx ocòyo`bf. Kbrbmlb kuthmtoxtkhxe abrnbĘbfbz gorgemab kbr Řoyb kbr Errey`bsto ocòyoloc. ĺcbmlb kuthm`bstonocbòrb `bstkhxne aôstoroloctbr. [osbfno aôrð`nðĘð ðzoro Errey@bst nocboòfemèr eymĵ tbpto h`fec zhrumne noĘb`nbr Om áhc cu`èmĵèm ôzo``bcòrb Enn


142/281

oòfemèr eymĵ tbpto h`fec zhrumne noĘb`nbr. Om áhc cu`èmĵèm ôzo``bcòrb Ennvo [ofhvo nur.

Errey@bst `bsto 6 mow Errey@bst()3


Errey@bst‒b cu`èmekb`foc bábm usbma \ystof.Lh`òltbhms3 ocòmfo`bnbr.


143/281

{

bd (toxtKhx5.ôxt !6 ""){

`bsto.Enn(toxtKhx5.ôxt)3toxtKhx5. ôxt 6 ""3

}

}

prbveto vhbn kutthm;XL`blc(hkiolt somnor, OvomtEras o){

dhroelg (hkiolt btof bm `bsto){

`bstKhx5.Btofs.Enn(btof)3}

}

[E\ÂO@O \ERB Ð[O^ ĺFDHMC\ĺRHM@E[B

L#‒ne resaoò seyĵ ðrotfo bŘbmb [emnhf lèss‒ĵ aoráocòŘtbrfoctonbr. Repĵ shmnorolo kesbttbr. ĺstombòm ere`ĵcte noĘor ðrotbòkb`br. [emnhf sĵmĵdĵmĵm ðádhmcsbyhmu vernĵr. Kumèr Moxt, MoxtNhukò, MoxtKytos


144/281

[emnhf sĵmĵdĵmĵ cu`èmfec bábm b`c hèrec mosmosbmb tðrotfo`bsbmbz

[emnhf resse` 6 mow [emnhf()3

Moxt Dhmcsbyhmu9

Ðá derc`ĵ cu`èmĵfĵ vernĵr. Kbrbmlbsbmno perefotro e`fenem kbr seyĵ ðrotbr. Kumumðst vo e`t sĵmĵrĵ yhctur. NbĘor cu`èmĵfĵmne bso bmtoaor tbpbmno perefotro e`ĵr,sĵdĵr bò abrbòm perefotro eresĵmne kbr seyĵ ðrotbr. \hm cu`èmĵfĵmne bso bcbperefotro e`ĵr. Kumèr ne e`t vo ðst sĵmĵrèrnĵr.

Moxt dhmcsbyhmum ðrottbĘb seyĵ, bmtoaor tbpbmnonbr, yemb tef seyĵ ðrotbr.


Dhrf ðzorbmo 5 kuthm vo < toxtkhx ocòyo`bf.


145/281

[emnhf resse` 6 mow [emnhf()3toxtKhx5. ôxt 6 resse`.Moxt(). ĥ\trbma()3 //[estaoò kbr seyĵ ðrotbr toxtKhx;.ôxt 6 resse`.Moxt(?:).^h\trbma()3 //: bò ?: eresĵmne restaoò seyĵtoxtKhx, ;?).^h\trbma()3//5> bò ;? eresĵmne restaoò seyĵ


MoxtNhukò Dhmcsbyhmu9

Ku dhmcsbyhmu ne : bò 5 eresĵmne nhukò tbpbmno restaoò seyĵ ðrotfoc bábmcu`èmĵ`ĵr


146/281

cu`èmĵ`ĵr

[emnhf resse` 6 mow [emnhf()3toxtKhx5.ôxt 6 resse`.MoxtNhukò().^h\trbma()3 //: bò 5 eresĵmne nhukò tbpbmnorestaoò kbr seyĵ ðrotbr

MoxtKyto Dhmcsbyhmu9

Kyto tbpbmnocb kbr nbzbmbm bábmb nh`nurfec bábm cu`èmĵrĵz.


Dhrf ðzorbmo bèvo hèrec 5 `bstkhx ocòyo`bf.


147/281

`bstKhx5.Btofs.Lòer()3[emnhf resse` 6 mow [emnhf()3toxtKhx5. ôxt 6 resse`.Moxt(). ĥ\trbma()3toxtKhx;.ôxt 6 resse`.Moxt(?:).^h\trbma()3toxtKhx, ;?).^h\trbma()3kytoSV nbzb 6 mow kytoS4V3

resse`.MoxtKytos(nbzb)3dhroelg (kyto oòfem bm nbzb){

`bstKhx5.Btofs.Enn(oòfem)3}

_RA_@EFE (\eyĵse` @hth Zrharefĵ)

Zrharef 5 bò >2 eresĵmne kbrkbrbmnom derc`ĵ 4 enot resse` tef seyĵ ðrotoloc voku seyĵèrĵ `bstkhx‒ne sĵreèyelectĵr.


148/281

_RA_@EFE (\eyĵse` @hth Zrharefĵ)

`bstKhx5.Btofs.L`oer()3bmtSV `hth 6 mow bmtS4V3[emnhf resse` 6 mow [emnhf()3


149/281

`hthS:V 6 resse`.Moxt(5, ?:)3

`bstKhx5.Btofs.Enn(`hthS:V)3dhr (bmt b 6 53 b 0 `hth.@omatg3 b++){

`hthSbV 6 resse`.Moxt(5, ?:)3dhr (bmt i 6 :3 i 0 b3 i++){

bd (`hthSiV 66 `hthSbV){

`hthSbV 6 resse`.Moxt(5, ?:)3

i 6 -53}}`bstKhx5.Btofs.Enn(`hthSbV)3

}


150/281

\trbma vo Lger \ĵmĵd`erĵ

\trbma \ĵmĵdĵ

\ystof.\trbma cðtðpgemosbmno temĵf`ĵnĵr NoĘbŘcom tbpb noĘb`, hkio sĵmĵdĵr.

strbma str56 ‐‖3


151/281

a 3

strbma str56 ‐Etetðrc Ðmbvorsbtosb‖3strbma str56 mu``3

Cerector errey‒b hèrec bŘòmokb`br.strbma str5 6 "Etetðrc Ðmbvorsbtosb"3FosseaoKhx.\ghw(str5.@omatg.^h\trbma())3dhroelg (lger lg5 bm str5){

FosseaoKhx.\ghw(lg5.^h\trbma())3

}

\trbma Fothtèrĵ

_zumùc str5.@omagt

KbròŘtbrfo (Lhmlet Fothnu vo + hporetôrð)


152/281

Ř ( p )

Lhmlet bstomb`nbĘb cener, bstombòm tðrno perefotro e`ĵ

r. E`nĵ

Ęĵ

perefotroòrb kbròŘtbrbp strbmahèrec tuter.

strbma str5 6 "ku "3

strbma str; 6 "aðm "3

strbma str< 6 "geve "3

bmt e5 6 ;?3

strbma str> 6 " norolo "3

strbma str? 6 "hèlec "3

strbma lufò 6 \trbma.Lhmlet(str5, str;, str, str?)3 FosseaoKhx.\ghw(lufò)3

\trbma Fothtèrĵ

Kbr ômlocb ôrmoctocb noĘbŘcomòr nbcceto e`ĵmnĵĘĵmne eŘeĘĵnecb chnèr monômnðrðr.

strbma lufò; 6 str5+ str;+ str + str?3F K \g ( ` ;)


153/281

FosseaoKhx.\ghw(lufò;)3

strbma lufò; 6 e5+ e;3FosseaoKhx.\ghw(lufò;)3

NômðŘðf getesĵ bmt th strbma

strbma lufò; 6 str> + e5+ e; 3FosseaoKhx.\ghw(lufò;)3

strbma lufò; 6 e5+ e; + str> 3FosseaoKhx.\ghw(lufò;)3

\trbma Fothtèrĵ

CerŘĵèŘtĵrfe9stetbl bmt Lhfpero(strbma e, strbma k)

e vo k cĵyesèmĵr, e kðyðcso phzbtbd kbr seyĵ, k kðyðcso moaetbd kbr seyĵ, oŘbtòrso


154/281

e o k yes e , e kðyð so ph k sey , k kðyð so oae k sey , oŘ o so

: nômnðrðr. Kðyðc`ðc-cðáðc`ðc femtĵĘĵ sôz`ðcto ômno/shmne ao`fo femtĵĘĵmĵmeymĵsĵnĵr. \hmne aoòm nege kðyðc seyĵ`ĵr. ^ðrcáo e`dekosbmo uyaumnur.

stetbl bmt Lhfpero(strbma e, strbma k, khh` l)

Kbrbmlb fothtè eymĵ bŘb yeper. ôc derc oĘor l truo bso cĵyesèfene kðyðc/cðáðcgerd eyrĵfĵ aôzotb`foz. OĘor l de`so bso kbrbmlb fothttem dercĵ ce`fez.

stetbl bmt Lhfpero(strbma e, bmt bmnocs5, strbma k, bmt bmnocs;)

Kbrbmlb fothtè eymĵ femtĵcte áe`ĵŘĵr. ôc derc cĵyesèfene b`c oòfemèrĵm

eSbmnocs5V vo kSbmnocs;V seyĵ`fesĵnĵr. Remb strbmaòrnocb ku oòfemèrnemômlocb oòfemèr yhc seyĵ`ĵr.

\trbma Fothtèrĵ

EŘeĘĵnecb chnèrne sbre noĘbŘcombmbm noĘorb mo hùr8strbma str5 6 "Aeèteserey" , str; 6 "Domorkegáo"3bmt sbre 6 \trbma.Lhfpero(str;, str5)3FosseaoKhx.\ghw(sbre.^h\trbma())3

-5


155/281

strbma str5 6 "Aeèteserey" , str; 6 "aeèteserey"3

bmt sbre 6 \trbma.Lhfpero(str;, str5)3FosseaoKhx.\ghw(sbre.^h\trbma())3

-5

strbma str5 6 "Aeèteserey" , str; 6 "aeèteserey"3bmt sbre 6 \trbma.Lhfpero(str;, str5,truo)3FosseaoKhx.\ghw(sbre.^h\trbma())3

:

strbma str5 6 "Aeèteserey" , str; 6 "aeèteserez"3bmt sbre 6 \trbma.Lhfpero(str;, str5,truo)3FosseaoKhx.\ghw(sbre.^h\trbma())3

5

strbma str5 6 "Aeèteserey" , str; 6 "aEèteserey"3bmt sbre 6 \trbma.Lhfpero(str;, str5)3

FosseaoKhx.\ghw(sbre.^h\trbma())3

-5

\trbma Fothtèrĵ

strbma Bmsort(bmt bmnocs,strbma str)Rezĵmĵm bmnocs. oòfemĵmnem shmresĵme str strbmabmb yoròŘtbrbr vo tuter.

t b t 5 "Et tð cÐ b bt b"


156/281

strbma str5 6 "EtetðrcÐmbvorsbtosb"3str5 6 str5.Bmsort(1, " ")3FosseaoKhx.\ghw (str5)3

strbma [ofhvo(bmt bmnocs,bmt enot)Rezĵnem bmnocs mhù cerectornom btbkerom enot cener cerectorb yezĵnem sbòrvo hùŘem ku yomb strbmab tuter.

strbma str5 6 "Etetðrc---Ðmbvorsbtosb"3

str5 6 str5.[ofhvo(1,


157/281

strbma str5 6 "Etetðrc Ðmbvorsbtosb"3str5 6 str5.^h_ppor() 3FosseaoKhx.\ghw (str5)3

strbma ĥ@hwor()Comnbsbmb áeĘĵrem strbmabm gerdòrbmb cðáðc yeper vo tuter.

strbma str5 6 "Etetðrc Ðmbvorsbtosb"3

str5 6 str5.^h@hwor() 3FosseaoKhx.\ghw (str5)3

\trbma Fothtèrĵ

strbmaSV \p`bt(perefs lgerSV eybrblb)

Ku fothtte fothnu áeĘĵrem strbma eybrblb nbzbsbmnocb cerector(òr)o aôroperáeère eyrĵ`ĵr vo shmuá kbr strbma nbzbsbmno tutuùr.


158/281

strbma str5 6 "H`fec ye ne h`fefec, bŘto kðtðm foso`o ku!"3strbmaS V str; 6 str5.\p`bt(' ')3dhroelg (strbma str< bm str;){

FosseaoKhx.\ghw(str


159/281

strbmaSV errCo`bfoòr3errCo`bfoòr 6 Lufò.\p`bt(‗ ‒)3 // ‗ ‗ (khŘùc) cerectorbmo aôro oòfemèrĵme eyĵrĵr.errCo`bfoòrS:V ‐Ku‖errCo`bfoòrS5V ‐aðm‖errCo`bfoòrS;V ‐geve‖errCo`bfoòrSV ‐aðzo`‖errCo`bfoòrS?V ‐h`nu‖errCo`bfoòrS4V ‐abkb‖

errCo`bfoòr 6 Lufò.\p`bt(‗.‒)3 // ‐.‐ cerectorbmo aôro oòfemèrĵme eyĵrĵr.

errCo`bfoòr 6 Lufò.\p`bt(‗,‒)3 // ‐,‐ cerectorbmo aôro oòfemèrĵ

me eyĵ

rĵ

r.errCo`bfoòr 6 Lufò.\p`bt(‗„‒)3 // ‐--‐ cerectoròrbmo aôro oòfemèrĵme eyĵrĵr.

strbmaSV eyrel6 mow strbmaSV {‐.‖, ‖,‖, ‖ ‐, ‖..‖, ‐fustede‖}errCo`bfoòr 6 Lufò.\p`bt(eyrel, \trbma\p`btHptbhms.Mhmo)3

\trbma Fothtèrĵ

stetbl strbma Ihbm(strbma eybrblb, strbmaSV yezbèr)Ihbm() fothnu bso \p`bt() fothnumum tef torsb Řocb`no bŘòr. Ku fotht neyezbèr nbzbsbmbm oòfemèrĵmĵm eresĵme eybrblb ocòmoroc toc kbr strbma gë`bmoaotbrb`br.


160/281

a

strbmaS V str5 6 { "H`fec", "ye ne", "h`fefec", "bŘto", "kðtðm", "fosoò", "ku!" }3strbma str; 6 \trbma.Ihbm (" ",str5) 3FosseaoKhx.\ghw(str;)3

\trbma Fothtèrĵ

bmt BmnoxHd(strbma e)bmt BmnoxHd(lger k)

Comnbsbmb áeĘĵrem strbma bábmno perefotronocb vorbyb erer. Kuùrse kuùmnuĘu


161/281

bmnocsb tuter. OĘor eremem kbrnom dezè cerectoro segbpso b`c cerectorbmbmnocsbmb tuter. OĘor erememĵ kuèfezse -5 noĘorb nômnðrðr. OĘor strbmabmbábmno erememnem kbrnom dezè verse b`c kuùmemĵm bmnocsbmb nômnðrðr.

strbma str5 6"H`fec ye ne h`fefec, bŘto kðtðm fosoò ku!"3FosseaoKhx.\ghw(str5.BmnoxHd("H").^h\trbma())3FosseaoKhx.\ghw(str5.BmnoxHd("h").^h\trbma())3FosseaoKhx.\ghw(str5.BmnoxHd('!').^h\trbma())3FosseaoKhx.\ghw(str5.BmnoxHd("Y").^h\trbma())3FosseaoKhx.\ghw(str5.BmnoxHd("e").^h\trbma())3FosseaoKhx.\ghw(str5.BmnoxHd(" ").^h\trbma())3

FosseaoKhx.\ghw(str5.BmnoxHd("bŘto").^h\trbma())3

\trbma Fothtèrĵ

bmt @estBmnoxHd(strbma e)bmt @estBmnoxHd(lger k)

BmnoxHd fothnuyè eymĵ bŘb yeper. ôc derc erememĵm shm kuùmnuĘu yorbm


162/281

bmnocsbmb vorfosbnbr.

strbma str5 6"H`fec ye ne h`fefec, bŘto kðtðm fosoò ku!"3FosseaoKhx.\ghw(str5.@estBmnoxHd(" ").^h\trbma())3FosseaoKhx.\ghw(str5.@estBmnoxHd("Y").^h\trbma())3

FosseaoKhx.\ghw(str5.@estBmnoxHd("e").^h\trbma())3FosseaoKhx.\ghw(str5.@estBmnoxHd("H").^h\trbma())3

\trbma Fothtèrĵ

bmt BmnoxHdEmy(lgerSV e)bmt @estBmnoxHdEmy(lgerSV k)

Kbrbmlbsb e nbzbsbmbm gorgemab kbr oòfemĵmĵm b`c kuùmnuĘu bmnocs bò aorb


163/281

nômor. ĺcbmlbsb bso k nbzbsbmbm gorgemab kbr oòfemĵmĵm shm kuùmnuĘu bmnocsbò aorb nômor. lger nbzbsbmnocb oòfemèrĵm gbákbrb kuùmefezse -5 bò aorbnômð`ðr.

strbma str5 6"H`fec ye ne h`fefec, bŘto kðtðm fosoò ku!"3

lger SV lg5 6 { ',', '!', ' ' }3bmt bmnocs 6 str5.BmnoxHdEmy(lg5)3FosseaoKhx.\ghw(bmnocs.^h\trbma())3

strbma str5 6"H`fec ye ne h`fefec, bŘto kðtðm fosoò ku!"3

lger SV lg5 6 { ',', '!', ' ' }3bmt bmnocs 6 str5.@estBmnoxHdEmy(lg5)3FosseaoKhx.\ghw(bmnocs.^h\trbma())3

\trbma Fothtèrĵ

strbma ^rbf()Fothnu áeĘĵrem strbmabm keŘĵmnecb vo shmunecb khŘùcèr sb`bmbr.

strbma str5 6 " Etetðrc Ðmbvorsbtosb "3


164/281

`bstKhx5.Btofs.Enn(str5)3str5 6 str5.^rbf()3`bstKhx5.Btofs.Enn(str5)3

strbma r̂bf\tert(), strbma r̂bfOmn()

Kbrbmlbsb Fothnu áeĘĵrem strbmabm keŘĵmnecb bcbmlbsb bso shmunecb khŘùcèrĵ

sbòr.

\trbma Fothtèrĵ

strbma ^rbf(perefs lgerSV nbzb)Fothnu áeĘĵrem strbmabm keŘĵmnecb vo shmumnecb nbzb nbzbsbmno kuùmemcerectoròr sb`bmbr.

strbma str5 6 "H`fec ye ne h`fefec, bŘto kðtðm fosoò ku!"3


165/281

strbma str5 H`fec ye ne h`fefec, bŘto kðtðm fosoò ku! 3lger S V lg5 6 { ' ', '!', 'e' }3str5 6 str5.^rbf(lg5)3FosseaoKhx.\ghw(str5)3

strbma str5 6 "eokkkkkooooeeeeettyyyeeeekkeokeok"3lger SV lg5 6 { 'o', 'k', 'e' }3str5 6 str5.^rbf(lg5)3FosseaoKhx.\ghw(str5)3)3

\trbma Fothtèrĵ

strbma \ukstrbma(bmt bmnocs)Fothnu áeĘĵrem strbmabm bmnocs. oòfemĵmnem shmrecb yezĵyĵ tuter.



166/281

a y , Ř 3str5 6 str5.\ukstrbma(4)3FosseaoKhx.\ghw(str5)3

strbma \ukstrbma(bmt bmnocs,bmt thpèf)

Fothnu áeĘĵrem yezĵmĵm bmnocs. oòfemĵmnem shmrecb thpèf cerector`bcyezĵyĵ tuter.


str5 6 str5.\ukstrbma(4, 5


167/281

ĺcbmlbsbmno bso yezĵne aoáom kðtðm s5 yezĵèrĵmĵ s; hèrec noĘbŘtbrbr vo tuter

_RA_@EFE 9 Kesbt kbr Řbdroòfo prharefĵ yepe`ĵf. Kumum bábm dhrf ðzorbmo5 toxtkhx vo ; kuthm yoròŘtbrbm. Mht 9 Ku ôrmoc bábm senolo 4 gerd (E,K,L,N,O,D) noĘbŘtbrbòloctbr.

_RA_@EFE


toxtKhx5.ôxt 6 toxtKhx5.ôxt.[opèlo('E', 'â')3toxtKhx5.ôxt 6 toxtKhx5.ôxt.[opèlo('K', 'b')3toxtKhx5.ôxt 6 toxtKhx5.ôxt.[opèlo('L', 'Ę')3


168/281

toxtKhx5.ôxt 6 toxtKhx5.ôxt.[opèlo('N', 'Y')3toxtKhx5.ôxt 6 toxtKhx5.ôxt.[opèlo('O', 'ä')3toxtKhx5.ôxt 6 toxtKhx5.ôxt.[opèlo('D', 'Ô')3

}

prbveto vhbn kutthm;XL`blc(hkiolt somnor, OvomtEras o){

toxtKhx5.ôxt 6 toxtKhx5.ôxt.[opèlo('â', 'E')3toxtKhx5.ôxt 6 toxtKhx5.ôxt.[opèlo('b', 'K')3toxtKhx5.ôxt 6 toxtKhx5.ôxt.[opèlo('Ę', 'L')3toxtKhx5.ôxt 6 toxtKhx5.ôxt.[opèlo('Y', 'N')3toxtKhx5.ôxt 6 toxtKhx5.ôxt.[opèlo('ä', 'O')3toxtKhx5.ôxt 6 toxtKhx5.ôxt.[opèlo('Ô', 'D')3

}

Lger \ĵmĵd

lger lg5 6 ‗5‒3 // toc tĵrmec cu`èmĵ`ĵr! lger lg; 6 ‗n‒3

lger lg< 6 ‗*‒3


169/281

lger lg> 6 ‗.‒3

strbma fotbm 6 ‐l9PnhlufomtsPèk ônovb5.nhl‖3

lgerSV errCerectoròr 6 fotbm. ĥLgerErrey()3

Lger \ĵmĵdĵ Dhmcsbyhmèrĵ

lger lg5 6 ‗


170/281

Lger.Bs@hwor(lg5) de`so/truo Lger.Bs_ppor(lg5) de`so/truo

Lger.BsMufkor(lg5) truo

Lger.Bs@ottor(lg5) de`so // gerd Lger.BsZumltuetbhm(lg5) truo // mhcteèfe

Lger.BsQgbto\pelo(lg5) de`so // toc khŘùc

_RA_@EFE

Cu`èmĵlĵmĵm abrfbŘ h`nuĘu fotbmnocb seyĵèrĵ eyĵcèyerec thpèfĵmĵ voromprharefĵ chnèyĵmĵz. Dhrf ðzorbmo 5 kuthm vo ; toxtkhx ocòyokb`brsbmbz. 5.toxtkhx cu`èmĵlĵmĵm abrbŘ yepfesĵ bábm ;. toxtkhx bso shmulum yeznĵrĵ`fesĵ bábmcu`èmĵèlectĵr.


171/281

_RA_@EFE

toxtKhx;. ôxt 6 \trbma.Ofpty3strbma str 6 toxtKhx5.^oxt3bmt thp`ef 6 :3dhr (bmt b 6 :3 b 0 str.@omatg3 b++){

bd (Lger .BsMufkor(str,b))

{


172/281

{toxtKhx;.^oxt +6 strSbV+"+"3thp`ef +6 Lhmvort.^hBmt


173/281

yezĵèm chnèrĵm toc toc kuùmup noĘbŘtbrb`fosb aorocbr. Kôyòlo gofuyauèfemĵm yezĵfĵ zhrèŘĵr gof no noĘbŘbc`bc yepfec abnorocbfcëmsĵz geò ao`br. Ku prhkòfòr, kbráhc yorno yepĵ`fesĵ bstomombŘòfòrbm fothtèr (dhmcsbyhmèr vo prhlonuro) bábmno yezĵ`fesĵ bòáôzð`ðr. \enolo fotht bsbfòrb cu`èmĵèrec, bstomom yoròrno chnèráe`ĵŘtĵrĵ`ĵr.

Zrhlonðr êmĵfèfec

prbveto vhbn fosei()

{FosseaoKhx.\ghw("EÊ^Ð[C ÐMĺTO[\ĺÔ\ĺ")3

}

Rucerĵne bŘònbĘb zefem cu`èmĵlĵye «EÊ^Ð[C ÐMĺTO[\ĺÔ\b³ foseiĵmĵ voroloc kbr

n t ĵ ` ĵ tĵ


174/281

prhlonuro temĵfèmfĵŘtĵr.

• L#‒ne prhlonuroòr vhbn bò temĵfèmĵr.• NbĘor dhrfèrĵm voye sĵmĵdèrĵm (lèss) cu`èmfesĵ bstombrso Zuk`bl ò senolo ku dhrfum

cu`èmfesĵ bstombrso Zrbveto bò temĵfèmĵr. OĘor orbŘbf bábm bsbf cu`èmfessemĵz Zrbveto

hèrec eàĵèmĵr.• Om shm hèrec te prhlonuro bsfb vorb`br.

êmĵfèmem prhlonuro kuthme tĵcèmĵ`nĵĘĵ zefem áe`ĵŘtĵrĵ`fec bstombrso

prbveto vhbn kutthm5XL`blc(hkiolt somnor, OvomtEras o){fosei()3

}

Zerefotro ĺáorom Zrhlonðr êmĵfèfec

EŘeĘĵne ybmo fosei bsbf`b kbr prhlonuro temĵfèmfĵŘ hùp ku sodor báorbsbmno yezĵ bsbf`b

strbma tbpto kbr perefotro temĵ

fèmfĵ

Řtĵ

r. Zerefotroòr ereye vbrað` chmuèrecáhĘe`tĵèkb`br.

prbveto vhbn fosei(strbma yezb){

FosseaoKhx.\ghw(yezb)3 }


175/281

}


fosei("Etetðrc Ðmbvorsbtosb PmOmnðstrb Fðgomnbs`bĘb Kô`ðfð")3}

DHMC\ĺRHM@E[

• Ko`br`b kbr bŘb yepem chn arupèrĵnĵr prbveto bmt ^hpè(bmt x, bmt y)

{

bmt thpèf3


176/281

• Eymĵ dhmcsbyhm kbrnom dezè áeĘĵrĵèkb`br • Áhc uzum chn yezfeyĵ omao`òr, teserĵfĵ

chèyèŘtĵrĵr

bmt thpèf3thpèf 6 x + y3

roturm thpèf3

}

DHMC\ĺRHM@E[

Aomo` kbr dhmcsbyhmum prhthtbpb eŘeĘĵnecb abkbnbr.

0orbŘbf Řoc`b= SstetblV 0aorb nômðŘ tbpb= DhmcsbyhmEnĵ(prefotroòr)

{


177/281

{// Dhmcsbyhm (fothn) báorbsbmnocb chnèr.

}

0orbŘbf Řoc`b=9 Ku emegter co`bfo gezĵrèmem dhmcsbyhmum cbfòr tered ĵmnemcu`èmĵèleĘĵmĵ ko`bròfoctonbr. \ĵc cu`èmĵèm bcb áoŘbt orbŘbf Řoc`b vernĵr.Kumèr3puk`bl9 Gezĵrèmem dhmcsbyhm prharefĵm gorgemabkbr yorbmnom áeĘrĵèkb`br.prbveto9 Gezĵrèmem dhmcsbyhm senolo gezĵrèmnĵĘĵ sĵmĵd báorbsbmnomáeĘĵrĵèkb`br. prbveto emegter co`bfosb chn aðvom`bĘb eáĵsĵmnem ômof`bnbr.

Dhmcsbyhm KbòŘomòrb

• EŘeĘĵnecb ôrmoĘo aôro3


178/281

prbveto bmt ^hpè(bmt x, bmt y){

bmt thpèf3

thpèf 6 x + y3

roturm thpèf3

}

Dhmcsbyhm enĵDhmcsbyhmum tbpb Dhmcsbyhm perefotroòrb

Dhmcsbyhm perefotroòrbmbm tbpòrb

Dhmcsbyhmum nômðŘ noĘorb

Dhmcsbyhmk`hĘu

Eme prharefe nômðŘ chfutu

Dhmcsbyhm êmĵfèfe

5. Enĵme cerer vorbm9 ^hpè(), Lbcer(), Mhcteèfe\eybsb(), vk. “ NoĘbŘcom bsbfòmnbrfo cure`èrĵme uyaum, bŘòvbmb emètem

;. ^bpbmo cerer vorbm9 bmt, nhukò, strbma, vhbn, vk

“ ^ðf hèsĵ noĘbŘcom tbpòrb ye ne vhbn co`bfosb (‐gbá‖ emèfĵmne)


179/281

^ðf hès noĘbŘcom tbpòrb ye ne vhbn co`bfosb ( gbá emèf mne). Dhmcsbyhm k`hĘumu yezĵm. “ {……}

?. ^bpbmo aôro roturm chfutuyè kbr noĘor nômnðrðm. “

roturm >:3 roturm ‐Gete foseiĵ

‖3 roturm mu``3 roturm x+y+z3 “ Dhmcsbyhm tbpb vhbn bso, roturm‒o aoroc yhc !

Dhmcsbyhm Morono êmĵfèmĵr8

• Dhrf59 Dhrf k`hĘumum bábmno gorgemab khŘ kbr yoro temĵfèmĵr.

• KeŘce gorgemab kbr dhmcsbyhmum

usbma \ystof3usbma \ystof.Lh`òltbhms.Aomorbl3usbma \ystof.LhfphmomtFhno 3̀usbma \ystof.Nete3usbma \ystof.Nrewbma3usbma \ystof.@bmq3usbma \ystof. ôxt3usbma \ystof.Qbmnhws.Dhrfs3

mefospelo QbmnhwsDhrfsEpp`bletbhm5{

puk`bl pertbe` lèss Dhrf5 9 Dhrf{

puk`bl Dhrf5(){

Bmbtbe`bzoLhfphmomt()3


180/281

• KeŘce gorgemab kbr dhmcsbyhmum bábmo temĵfèmefez!

• KutthmXL`blc() voye DhrfX@hen() abkb kbr fothtum bábmo temĵfèmefez!

}

bmtSV err\eybèr 6 mow bmtS5:V3prbveto vhbn ktmOcòXL`blc(hkiolt somnor, OvomtEras o){

bmt seyb5, seyb;, shmul3

seyb5 6 Bmt


181/281

• \hmre bstombòm yorno áeĘĵrĵ`ĵr

“ ^bpb vhbn noĘb`so9shmul 6 ^hpè(seyb5, seyb;)3

FosseaoKhx.\ghw(^hpè(seyb5, seyb;).^h\trbma())3

bd(^hpè(seyb5, seyb;)=?:) {…}

“ ^bpb vhbn bso9

…^hpè(seyb5, seyb;)3

…

p yroturm thpèf3

}

Fotht EŘĵrĵ Rðcòmfosb vo ÁeĘrĵ`ĵŘ \ĵresĵ9

L#'te perefotro seyĵsĵ vo/voye perefotroòrbm tðròrb derc`ĵ h`fec Řertĵyè eymĵ bsbf`bkbrnom dezè fotht yeretĵèkb`br. Kume fothtèrĵm eŘĵrĵ yðcòmfosb nombr.

L#, kbr fotht áeĘrĵ`nĵĘĵmne vo áeĘrĵèmè eymĵ bsbf`b kbrnom dezè fotht kuùmnuĘumne


182/281

, á Ę Ę á Ę y Ęfothnum áeĘrĵ`ĵŘ kbábfbmo kecer. Remb eme prharefnecb fothne abrbòm perefotroòròfothtèrĵ cĵyesèr. Ômlo perefotro seyĵsĵme kecer. OĘor eymĵ bsbf`b vo eymĵ seyĵneperefotro`b kbrnom dezè fotht verse ku sodor perefotro tðròrbmno tef uyufùùcerer, perefotro tðròrbmbm tef uyufù h`nuĘu kbr fotht kuèfezse bstofsbz tðr

nômðŘðfðmðm fðfcðm h`nuĘu kbr fotht erer, hmu ne kuèfezse prharefĵfĵz getevorbr. EŘeĘĵnecb ôrmoĘb bmloòyo`bf. ĺstofsbz tðr nômðŘðfòrbmno nbccet onbòloc mhctebso tðr nômðŘðfð fðfcðm hèm kbrnom dezè dhmcsbyhm verse om ez ceymeĘe bgtbyeá hèmdhmcsbyhm áe`ĵŘtĵrĵèlectĵr.

Fotht EŘĵrĵ Rðcòmfosb vo ÁeĘrĵ`ĵŘ \ĵresĵ (Ôrmoc)

puk`bl stetbl bmt thpè(bmt e, bmt k){

FosseaoKhx.\ghw("5. dhmcsbyhm áeĘrĵ`nĵ")3roturm e + k3

}puk`bl stetbl nhukò thpè(nhukò e, nhukò k){

FosseaoKhx.\ghw(";. dhmcsbyhm áeĘrĵ`nĵ")3roturm e + k3


183/281

roturm e + k3}puk`bl stetbl nolbfe` thp`e(nolbfe` e, nolbfe` k){

FosseaoKhx.\ghw("


184/281

p Ę p Ę á y Ř yvo om ez ceymeĘe bgtbyeá nuyem bcbmlb fotht áeĘĵrĵ`fĵŘtĵr (nolbfe` tbpb ged ĵzene5; kyto, nhukò tbpb bso 7 kyto yor cepèfectenĵr).

Fotht EŘĵrĵ Rðcòmfosb vo ÁeĘrĵ`ĵŘ \ĵresĵ (Ôrmoc;)

prbveto nhukò hrtXgosepè(nhukò x, nhukò y){

roturm (x + y) / ;3}prbveto nhukò hrtXgosepè(nhukò x, nhukò y, nhukò z){

roturm (x + y+z) /


185/281

{bmt e 6 ?3 bmt k 6 13 bmt l 6 23FosseaoKhx.\ghw(hrtXgosepè(e, k).^h\trbma())3FosseaoKhx.\ghw(hrtXgosepè(e, k,l).^h\trbma())3

}

Rucerĵnecb ôrmocto hrtXgosepè bsbf`b bcb enot dhmcsbyhm temĵfèmfĵŘtĵr. Kudhmcsbyhmèrnem kbrbmlbsb bcb perofotroyò áe ĵ̀Řfecte vo abrbòm bcb seyĵmĵmhrteèfesĵmĵ kuèkb`foctonbr. ĺcbmlbsb bso ðá perefotro bò áe`ĵŘfecte vo abrbòm <seyĵmĵm hrteèfesĵmĵ gosepèfectenĵr.

[od Noybfbyò Dhmcsbyhm/Zrhlonuro báorbsbmno perefotro temĵfèfec.

Kezĵ nurufèrne prhlonuro/dhmcsbyhmne temĵfèmfĵŘ hèm perefotrembmprhlonuro/dhmcsbyhm áĵcĵŘ noĘorbyò bàbòmokb`brsbmbz bŘto ku tbp nurufèrneprhlonuro/dhmcsbyhmèrĵm cu`èmeleĘĵ perefotroòrb rod kb`nbrbsbyò yepfe`ĵsĵmĵz.Ôrmoc3

prbveto vhbn nomofo(rod bmt x, bmt y )

{x *6 ?3


186/281

3y *6 ?3

}prbveto vhbn kutthm5XL`blc(hkiolt somnor, OvomtEras o){

bmt e 6 ?3bmt k 6 5:3nomofo(rod e,k)3FosseaoKhx.\ghw(e.^h\trbma()+" "+k.^h\trbma ())3

}

Nbzb Zerefotro`b Zrhlonuro êmĵfèfec.

Kbr áhc nurufne prhlonuro‒òrbmbzbm cu`èmeleĘĵ perefotroòr nbzb h`fec zhrumneceèlectĵr. Ôrmoc3

prbveto vhbn yez(strbmaSV noaor){

`bstKhx5.Btofs.Enn[emao(noaor)3

}prbveto vhbn kutthm5XL`blc(hkiolt somnor, OvomtEras o)


187/281

{strbmaSV sogbròr 6 { "EMCE[E", "ĺ\ÊMK_@", "O[Y_[_F", "KH@_" }3yez(sogbròr)3

}

Nbzb Zerefotro`b Dhmcsbyhm êmĵfèfec.

Dhmcsbyhm temĵfèrcom perefotro hèrec nbzb temĵfèrcom 3

prbveto `hma gosepè(`hmaSV nbzb){

`hma thpèf6:3dhroelg (`hma noaor bm nbzb){

thpèf +6 noaor3

}roturm thpèf3


188/281

p}


`hmaSV seybèr 6 mow `hmaS7V { 5:, ;:, :, ?:, 4:, 1:, 7: }3`hma shmul 6 gosepè(seybèr)3FosseaoKhx.\ghw(shmul.^h\trbma())3

}

Fothn bábmno perefs kb`nbrbsbyò nbzb noĘbŘcom temĵfèfec.

Kbr ômlocb ôrmocto oĘor nbzb noĘbŘcomb cu`èmfenem noĘoròrbm thpèfĵmĵ e`fec

bstorsombz ku bŘòfb perefs è yepfec zhrumnesĵ

mĵ

z.prbveto `hma gosepè(perefs `hmaSV nbzb)

{`hma thpèf 6 :3dhroelg (`hma noaor bm nbzb)

{ thpèf +6 noaor3}


189/281

}roturm thpèf3

}


`hma shmul 6 gosepè(5:,;:,:,?:)3FosseaoKhx.\ghw(shmul.^h\trbma())3

}

OĘor gosepè bsbf`b dhmcsbyhmne perefs kb`nbrbsb cu`èmĵ`fez bso`hma shmul 6 gosepè(5:,;:,:,?:)3 setĵrĵmne geteyè cerŘĵèŘĵrsĵmĵz.

Efeá yomb kbr nbzb noĘbŘcom temĵfèfe zhrumùùĘumnem prhareflĵyĵ curterfectĵr.

_RA_@EFE (\os`b Gerd Ku`fe)

Cu`èmĵlĵnem e`ĵmem kbr fotbm báorbsbmnocb sos`b gerd seyĵsĵmĵ kuèm (nômnðrom)

dhmcsbyhmu yezĵ

mĵ

z. Dhrf ðzorbmo 5 kuthm vo 5 toxtkhx ocòybmbz


190/281


191/281

_RA_@EFE (Om Kðyðc Hrtec Kôòm)

Cu`èmĵlĵnem e`ĵmem voye resse` hèrec ðrotbòm bcb seyĵmĵm om kðyðc hrtec kôòmbmb

kuèm (nômnðrom) dhmcsbyhmu yezĵ

mĵ

z. Dhrf ðzorbmo ; kuthm vo ; toxtkhx < èkoòcòyokb`brsbmbz.


192/281

_RA_@EFE (Om Kðyðc Hrtec Kôòm)

prbveto nhukò hkok(nhukò x, nhukò y)

{nhukò tofp 6 x % y3wgbò (tofp = :){

x 6 y3y 6 tofp3

tofp 6 x % y3}roturm y3

prbveto vhbn kutthm5XL`blc(hkiolt somnor, OvomtEras o)

{nhukò e 6 Lhmvort.^hNhukò(toxtKhx5.ôxt)3

Dhmcsbyhmu áeĘĵrem kuthm

Hkok dhmcsbyhmu


193/281

roturm y3}

( )3nhukò k 6 Lhmvort.^hNhukò(toxtKhx;.ôxt)3nhukò shmul 6 hkok (e,k)3èko`


194/281

FNB Dhrfèr

Mosmo êkem`ĵ

êserĵ

f Mosmo tekem`ĵ prharefèfe cevrefĵ 524:‒èrne

hrteye áĵcfĵŘtĵr. 521;‒no hrteye áĵcem \fe``te`c, aoráoc emèfne b`cmosmo tekem`ĵ prharefèfe nb`bnbr


195/281

mosmo tekem`ĵ prharefèfe nb`bnbr. \fe``te`c, mosmo tekem`ĵ prharefèfeyĵ temĵfèfĵŘ vo

cure`èrĵmĵ chyfuŘ kbr nb`nbr. L++‒ ĵm 527:‒òrno áĵc ĵŘĵ mosmo tekem`ĵ prharefèfeyĵ,

stemnert kbr uyauèfe ge`bmo aotbrfbŘtbr. L++ nb`bmbm tecbpábòrb hèm L# vo Ieve nb`òrb ybmo

mosmo tekem`ĵ

nb`òr hèrec enèrĵ

mĵ

nuyurfuŘèrnĵ

r.

MO\MORO NERE@B Ê\E[BF


196/281

Cevrefèr vo êserĵf \ðrolb

Áôzð`fosb bstomomom prhkòfb áoŘbt`b peráeèreeyĵrĵp gor kbr peráe eresĵmnecb b`bŘcbybaoráoĘbmo uyaum kbr Řocb`no ko`bròfo


197/281

tocmbĘbmo mosmo yômo`bfb nombr.

Ku peráeèr eresĵmnecb b`bŘcbyb cu`èmĵp kðyðc áep`ĵ prharefèr ao`bŘtbrfo tocmbĘbmo nomosmo yômo`bf`b prharefèfe nombr.

Mosmoòrbm ceymec chnumnecb cerŘĵ

`ĵ

Ęĵ

sĵmĵdèrnĵr.

Mosmoyo Neye`ĵ

êserĵ

f Emegter Cevrefèr

MO\MO@O[

Aoráoc mosmoò

Documents

C-Programlama - Atatürk Üniversitesi Ders Notları (Slayt)