1) Kim loi tc dng vi HCl, H2SO4 to mui v gii phng H2

MT S CNG THC KINH NGHIM DNG GII NHANH BI TON HO HC

HA I CNG

I. TNH pH

1. Dung dch axit yu HA: pH = eq \f(1,2)

eq \ (log Ka + logCa) hoc pH = log( (Ca)

(1)(Ca > 0,01M ; (: in li ca axit)

2. Dung dch m (hn hp gm axit yu HA v mui NaA): pH = (log Ka + log )

(2)3. Dung dch baz yu BOH: pH = 14 + eq \f(1,2) (log Kb + logCb)

(3)II. TNH HIU SUT PHN NG TNG HP NH3 :

H% = 2 2

(4)(X: hh ban u; Y: hh sau)

(5) K: t l mol N2 v H2 l 1:3

HA V C

I. BI TON V CO21. Tnh lng kt ta khi hp th ht lng CO2 vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 hoc Ba(OH)2iu kin:

Cng thc:

(6)2. Tnh lng kt ta khi hp th ht lng CO2 vo dung dch cha hn hp gm NaOH v Ca(OH)2 hoc Ba(OH)2iu kin:

Cng thc:

(7)(Cn so snh vi nCa v nBa tnh lng kt ta)3. Tnh th tch CO2 cn hp th ht vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 hoc Ba(OH)2 thu c lng kt ta theo yu cu (Dng ny c 2 kt qu)Cng thc: (8)hoc

(9)II. BI TON V NHM KM 1. Tnh lng NaOH cn cho vo dung dch Al3+ thu c lng kt ta theo yu cu (Dng ny c 2 kt qu)Cng thc:

(10)

hoc

(11)2. Tnh lng NaOH cn cho vo hn hp dung dch Al3+ v H+ thu c lng kt ta theo yu cu (Dng ny c 2 kt qu)

(12)

(13)

3. Tnh lng HCl cn cho vo dung dch Na[Al(OH)4] (hoc NaAlO2) thu c lng kt ta theo yu cu (Dng ny c 2 kt qu)Cng thc:

(14)hoc

(15)4. Tnh lng HCl cn cho vo hn hp dung dch NaOH v Na[Al(OH)4] (hoc NaAlO2) thu c lng kt ta theo yu cu (Dng ny c 2 kt qu)Cng thc:

(16)hoc

(17)5. Tnh lng NaOH cn cho vo dung dch Zn2+ thu c lng kt ta theo yu cu (Dng ny c 2 kt qu):

(18) hoc

(19)III. BI TON V HNO31. Kim loi tc dng vi HNO3 da. Tnh lng kim loi tc dng vi HNO3 d:

(20) iKL=ha tr kim loi trong mui nitrat - isp kh: s e m N+5 nhn vo (Vd: iNO=5-2=3) Nu c Fe d tc dng vi HNO3 th s to mui Fe2+, khng to mui Fe3+b. Tnh khi lng mui nitrat thu c khi cho hn hp kim loi tc dng vi HNO3 d (Sn phm khng c NH4NO3)Cng thc:mMui = mKim loi + 62(nsp kh . isp kh = mKim loi + 62

(21)-

c. Tnh lng mui nitrat thu c khi cho hn hp st v oxit st tc dng vi HNO3 d (Sn phm khng c NH4NO3) mMui ==

(22)d. Tnh s mol HNO3 tham gia: (23)2. Tnh khi lng kim loi ban u trong bi ton oxh 2 lnR + O2 ( hn hp A (R d v oxit ca R) R(NO3)n + SP Kh + H2OmR==

(24)IV. BI TON V H2SO4 1. Kim loi tc dng vi H2SO4 c, nng d a. Tnh khi lng mui sunfatmMui = =

(25)a. Tnh lng kim loi tc dng vi H2SO4 c, nng d:

(26)b. Tnh s mol axit tham gia phn ng:

(27)2. Hn hp st v oxit st tc dng vi H2SO4 c, nng d

mMui =

(28)3. Tnh khi lng kim loi ban u trong bi ton oxh 2 lnR + O2 ( hn hp A (R d v oxit ca R) R(SO4)n + SP Kh + H2O

mR==

(29)- n gin: nu l Fe: mFe = 0,7mhh + 5,6ne trao i; nu l Cu: mCu = 0,8.mhh + 6,4.ne trao i (30)V. KIM LOI (R) TC DNG VI HCl, H2SO4 TO MUI V GII PHNG H2 tng (gim) khi lng dung dch phn ng (( m) s l:

(31) Kim loi R (Ha tr x) tc dng vi axit thng: nR.x=2nH2

(32)1. Kim loi + HCl ( Mui clorua + H2

(33)2. Kim loi + H2SO4 long ( Mui sunfat + H2

(34)VI. MUI TC DNG VI AXIT: (C th chng minh cc CT bng phng php tng gim khi lng)1. Mui cacbonat + ddHCl (Mui clorua + CO2 + H2O

(35)2. Mui cacbonat + H2SO4 long ( Mui sunfat + CO2 + H2O

(36)3. Mui sunfit + ddHCl ( Mui clorua + SO2 + H2O

(37)4. Mui sunfit + ddH2SO4 long ( Mui sunfat + SO2 + H2O

(38)VII. OXIT TC DNG VI AXIT TO MUI + H2O: c th xem phn ng l: [O]+ 2[H]( H2O

(39)1. Oxit + ddH2SO4 long ( Mui sunfat + H2O

(40)2. Oxit + ddHCl ( Mui clorua + H2O

(41)VIII. CC PHN NG NHIT LUYN1. Oxit tc dng vi cht khTH 1. Oxit + CO:

RxOy + yCO xR + yCO2 (1)

R l nhng kim loi sau Al.Phn ng (1) c th vit gn nh sau: [O]oxit + CO CO2TH 2. Oxit + H2:

RxOy + yH2 xR + yH2O (2)

R l nhng kim loi sau Al.Phn ng (2) c th vit gn nh sau: [O]oxit + H2 H2O

TH 3. Oxit + Al (phn ng nhit nhm):3RxOy + 2yAl 3xR + yAl2O3 (3)Phn ng (3) c th vit gn nh sau: 3[O]oxit + 2Al Al2O3C 3 trng hp c CT chung:

(42)2. Th tch kh thu c khi cho hn hp sn phm sau phn ng nhit nhm (Al + FexOy) tc dng vi HNO3:

(43)3. Tnh lng Ag sinh ra khi cho a(mol) Fe vo b(mol) AgNO3; ta so snh:3a>b (nAg =b

3a