CC PHNG PHP V PHNG THC DCH TING ANH THNG MI SANG TING VITMETHODS
AND PROCEDURES FOR TRANSLATING BUSINESS ENGLISH INTO
VIETNAMESENguyn Phc Vnh CNg Trn A Dim (*)(*) Sinh vin ting Anh lp
03 kha 08 Khoa Ting Anh Chuyn NgnhTrng i Hc Ngoi Ng, i Hc NngTM
TTBi bo gii thiu hai phng php dch c bn ca Vinay v Darbelnet (1958):
a) dch trc tip / dch st b) dch gin tip / dch xin. Cc phng php dch
trc tip gm ba phng thc: a) vay mn b) sao phng c) dch nguyn vn. Cc
phng php dch gin tip gm bn phng thc: a) chuyn i t loi b) bin thi c)
tng ng d) dch thot. Bi bo m t v phn tch cc phng thc dch ca Vinay v
Darbelnet ng dng chng trong vic dch ting Anh thng mi sang ting
Vit.ABSTRACTThe paper presents two basic translation methods
proposed by Vinay and Darbelnet (1958): a) direct or literal
translation and indirect or oblique translation.Direct translation
comprises three procedures: a) borrowing b) calque c) literal
translation. Indirect translation, in contrast, comprises four
procedures: a) transposition, b) modulation c) equivalence d)
adaptation. The paper describes and analyses Vinay and Darbelnets
translation procedures to apply them to translating business
English into Vietnamese.1. Li ni uNhng nm u thp k 90 ca th k trc,
ti Vit Nam cm t thn thin vi ngi dng ln u tin xut hin trn phng tin
truyn thng i chng khi m t mt phn mn, phn cng ca my tnh nh giao din,
bn phm. V sau t ng ny tr nn thng dng v ph bin n ni ngi ta mn nguyn
cm t thn thin vi i lin vi cc t mi trng, sinh thi, tng dn / ozone,
gia nh. Nhng nm gn y, ta li bt gp mt s thut ng d khng kh hiu lm
nhng c v l lm nh nt c chai, im en, im cng con vt qu, gh nng k c
thut ng nc ngoi nh hotline, live show, marketing, karaoke, avatar,
canteen/cntin, status, pro, online, top ten. Trong lnh vc thng mi,
mt s thut ng mi xut hin nh li cho vng ngc, chic d vng, cng nhn c cn
trng, cng nhn c cn xanh, tip th qua in thoi, bn qua in thoi, bn
theo kiu hnh chp, cc c s kinh doanh ca hng, cc c s kinh doanh qua
internet v mt s lng ln thut ng thng mi s c nu trong bi bo ny. Mc ch
ca bi bo l phn tch, m t v phn loi cc phng thc dch thut ca Vinay v
Darbelnet cung cp cho sinh vin ngoi ng ni chung v sinh vin chuyn
ngnh thng mi ni ring nhng phng thc dch hu ch v thch hp khi dch cc
vn bn ting Anh thng mi sang ting Vit, ng thi a ra nhng cu tr li v l
gii v ngha v hnh thc ca cc thut ng chuyn ngnh hin ang c dng trong
lnh vc thng mi.2. Thut ngRichards v cng s [22,376], nh ngha thut ng
l nhng n v t vng c bit xut hin trong mt mn hc hay mt ch chuyn ngnh.
V d, mnh (clause), lin t (conjunction), v th (aspect) l mt b phn ca
thut ng ng php ting Anh.3.Dch thut l g?Dch thut thng c bit n nh l
mt qu trnh chuyn ngha t ngn ng gc (Source language) sang ngn ng dch
(Target language). Trong vic chuyn ngha t ngn ng gc sang ngn ng
dch, ngi dch cn mt cch dch hoc mt chin lc dch. Mt s nh l thuyt dch
gi n l phng php dch (translation methods) nh Newmark (1988) v mt s
nh l thuyt dch khc gi l phng thc dch (translation procedures) nh
Graedler (2000), Nida (1964). Tuy nhin Newmark cho rng [19], trong
khi phng php dch lin quan n cc vn bn y th phng thc dch c dng cho cc
cu v cc n v ngn ng nh hn cu. Dch thut theo nh ngha ca t in, bao hm
vic thay i t mt trng thi hoc mt hnh thc sang mt trng thi hoc mt hnh
thc khc tr thnh ngn ng ca chnh n hoc mt ngn ng khc (T in
Merriam-Webster 1994) [dn theo Larson,10,3]4. Phng thc dchTheo
Delisle [5], phng thc dch l cc phng php do cc dch gi p dng khi h
din t mt tng ng v mc ch chuyn dch cc yu t ngha t ngn ng gc (SL)
sang ngn ng dch (TL).5. Phng thc dch ca Vinay v DarbelnetVinay v
Darbelnet [27] phn bit hai phng php dch c bn: a) dch trc tip
(direct)/dch st (literal) b) dch gin tip (indirect)/dch xin
(oblique). Cc phng php dch dch trc tip (direct method) gm ba phng
thc: a) vay mn (borrowing) b) sao phng/mn dch (calque) c) dch nguyn
vn (literal). Cc phng php dch gin tip (indirect method) gm bn phng
thc: a) chuyn i t loi (transposition) b) modulation (bin thi) c)
equivalence (tng ng) d) adaptation (dch thot).3.1 Phng thc (1): vay
mn (borrowing)T ng ca ngn ng gc (source language) c chuyn thng sang
ngn ng dch (target language) [12]. Trong trng hp lp mt khong trng v
ng ngha (v d, mt k thut mi, mt khi nim cha c bit n) th phng thc dch
vay mn l phng thc n gin trong tt c. Haugen [dn theo Sari,23] cho
rng mt s kh nng c th xy ra trong vay mn:1) vay mn thun ty (pure
loanwords): vay mn m khng thay i v hnh thc v ngha. V d: email >
email, internet > internet.2) Vay mn c thay i hnh thc (mix
loans): thay i hnh thc nhng khng thay i ngha. V d: cool > kul,
canteen > cn tin3) Vay mn mt phn (loan blends): s vay mn m mt
phn ca t l bn ng cn phn cn li l vay mn. V d: internet provider >
nh cung cp internetTrong ting Anh thng mi, ta bt gp mt s thut ng:-
vay mn thun ty: bill, export, hotel, import, marketing- vay mn c
thay i v hnh thc: cheque > sc, clearing > cliarinh, dollar
> la, marketing > mc-ket-tinh, penny > penni, arbitrage
> cbit, trust > trt- vay mn mt phn: internet banking > ngn
hng internet, ozone layer > tng ozone, sushi bond > tri phiu
sushi, Wall Sreet > Ph Wall, Hague rules > Quy tc Hague,
Paris Club > Cu lc b Paris, Dow Jones index > ch s Dow
Jones3.2 Phng thc (2): sao phng (calque)Sao phng cn gi l dch vay mn
(loan translation), dch sut (through translation). Sao phng l mt
loi dch vay mn t bit (a special kind of borrowing): ton b n v c php
c vay mn th ri cc thnh phn ring l ca n c dch st ngha. Vinay v
Darbelnet chia dch sao phng ra lm hai loi:- Vay mn t vng (lexical
borrowing): tn trng cu trc c php ca ngn ng gc/ngun, ng thi gii thiu
mt phng thc mi ca t ng.,V d, Compliments de la saison ca ting Php c
sao phng t ting Anh Compliments of the season (nhng li chc mng nhn
ngy l).- Vay mn cu trc (structural borrowing): gii thiu mt cu trc
mi ngn ng dch/mc tiu.V d, science-fiction ca ting Php c sao phng cu
trc t ting Anh science-fiction (truyn khoa hc vin tng).Newmark
[19,84], cho rng li dch st ngha ca cc kt hp thng thng (common
collocations), tn cc t chc (names of organizations), thnh phn ca cc
t ghp (components of compounds) v c l cm t (compliments de la
saison) u c bit n l li dch sao phng (calque) hay dch vay mn (loan
translation).Mt s v d v li dch sao phng ta thng gp cc kt hp thng
thng trong ting Anh thng mi: black market (ch en), hot money (tin
nng), baby bond (c phiu u nhi), heavy industry (cng nghip nng),
light industry (cng nghip nh) white-collar workers (cng nhn c cn
trng) tn cc t chc, c quan: European Union (Lin Hip Chu u),
International Monetary Fund (Qy Tin T Quc T), World Bank (Ngn Hng
Th Gii) v cc t ghp thng thng: showroom (phng trng by), pawnshop
(tim cm ). Qua cch dch sao phng, ta thy t no cng c dch theo
(calque) nguyn ngha t y, cn v tr ca t c sp xp theo c php ting Vit.
Trong trng hp dng t Hn-Vit th v tr khng thay i, v d nh: superman
(siu nhn), total productivity (tng sn lng). Trong ting Vit, c mt cm
t c dch theo li sao phng t ting Anh nay tr thnh c nh: cm t thn thin
vi ngi dng (user-friendly), v sau ngi ta dch theo thn thin vi mi
trng (environment(ally)-friendly), thn thin vi sinh thi
(eco-friendly). Thc ra, tnh t friendly khi c dng trong tnh t ghp va
c ngha hu ch v d s dng, v d: user-friendly computer system (h thng
my tnh d s dng cho ngi dng li va c ngha c ch / khng c hi cho ai /
ci g, v d: environment(ally)-friendly farming methods (cc phng php
canh tc khng hi n mi trng), v cm t family-friendly c ngha ph hp cho
ngi lao ng c con mn, v d family-friendly policies / working hours.
L ngi dch (vit hay ni), ta cn thn trng vi li dch sao phng ny. Cc t
ng c dch theo li sao phng phi l nhng kt hp thng thng, cc t nghe
quen tai, nu khng ta s c nhng cu trc, li ni khng t nhin ngn ng dch,
v d nh kinh t gia nh m dch l household economy thay v cottage
industry, gi chn ngi tim dch l keep talents legs thay v attract and
keep talent, strong coffee m dch l c ph mnh1thay v c ph m, golden
hello m dch l li cho vng ngc thay v tin thng u qun, golden goodbye
m dch l li tm bit vng ngc thay v ph cp thi vicv.v,3.3 Phng thc (3):
dch nguyn vn (literal)Dch nguyn vn l phng thc dch t i t (word for
word translation), l s thay th cu trc c php ca ngn ng gc thng l cu
hoc mnh bng c php ng dng hoc gn nh ng dng. Ngi dch khng cn phi to
ra cc thay i tr cc thay i m chnh ng php ca ngn ng dch i hi, v d nh
s tng hp (concord), cc ui thuc v bin t (inflectional endings). V d
nh I left my spectacles on the table downstairs dch sang ting Php
thnh Jai laiss mes lunettes sur la table en bas. Phng thc ny c
Vinay v Darbelnet m t l ph bin nht gia cc ngn ng c cng h ph v vn ha
(it is most commonly found in translations between two languages of
the same family and even more so when they also share the same
culture), v d gia ting Php v .3.4 Phng thc (4): chuyn i t loi
(transposition)Chuyn i t loi c ngha l thay th mt t loi ny bng mt t
loi khc m khng thay i ngha ca thng ip (transposition means the
replacing of one word-class by another without changing the meaning
of the message). Trong dch thut, c th phn bit 2 loi chuyn i t loi:
(i) bt buc (obligatory); (ii) khng bt buc (optional).- Chuyn i t
loi bt buc: v d, ting Php, ds son lever khi c dch sang ting Anh th
ch c mt phng thc chuyn i t loi bt buc t danh t ting Php lever (s
thc dy) sang cm ng t ting Anh: as soon as he gets / got up, v ting
Anh ch c mt hnh thc ng t m thi.- Chuyn i t loi khng bt buc: nu nh
dch ngc li cu as soon as he gets / got up th c th dch nguyn vn l ds
quelle sest leve hoc dch theo phng thc chuyn i ng t thnh danh t l
ds son lever. Tri li, hai cu tng ng aprs qu il sera revenu v after
he comes back u c th dch theo phng thc chuyn i t loi l aprs son
retour, after his return.Phng thc chuyn i t loi khng ch xy ra gia
hai t loi ng t v danh t m cn gia cc t loi khc. Vinay v Darbelnet
lit k t ra mi loi chuyn i t loi khc nhau. Sau y l mt s v d v chuyn
i t loi lin quan n ting Anh thng mi:- t n dch thnh t ghp: bail >
tin bo lnh, ledger > s ci, - t n dch thnh ng: bear > ngi u c
gi xung, bull > ngi u c gi ln, equity > vn c phiu thng, shark
> k cho vay nng li, solvent > c kh nng thanh ton, staff >
i ng nhn s, stag > ngi u c xiPhng thc chuyn i t loi c th v nh
chuyn i trong dch thut (translation shifts) ca Catford. hiu thm v
phng thc chuyn i t loi v chuyn i dch thut, xin xem Nguyn Thng Hng,
Catford, H Canh Thn v nhng cng s (sd).3.5 Phng thc (5): bin thi
(modulation)Phng thc bin thi c ngha l s thay i trong thng ip do c
mt s thay i v quan im (modulation means a variation in the message
due to a change in the point of view): hiu mt iu g theo mt cch nhn
khc. Phng thc ny thch hp khi dch nguyn vn hoc chuyn v c c mt cu dch
ng ng php nhng li khng t nhin trong ngn ng dch. Trong phng thc bin
thi, ta c th phn bit bin thi t do / khng bt buc (free / optional)
vi bin thi c nh / bt buc (fixed / obligatory).- Bin thi c nh / bt
buc: nh trong trng hp the time when phi dch sang ting Php l le
moment o (the time thnh the moment, mt n v thi gian; v when thnh
where). Cch dch bin thi bt buc tng ng trong trng hp ny ting Vit s l
lc m (the time thnh the moment; v when thnh that).- Bin thi t do /
khng bt buc: c th la chn cu trc c a thch hn ngn ng dch: v d it is
not dificult to show m dch l il est facile de desmontrer (it is
easy to show) l do ngi Php thng thch ni nh vy ch khng phi l khng
dch c nguyn vn. Phng thc bin thi khng bt buc cng c s dng trong phin
dch ng thi (simultaneous interpreting), c gi l k thut reformulation
(ni li cch khc): v d, nu din gi ni There has never been a period in
history where people have not asked themselves the question, th
phin dch c th ni li cch khc (reformulate) nh Throughout history
people have always asked themselves the question (Trong lch s, con
ngi lun t hi) l do ngi Vit vn thch li khng nh thay v dng hai ph nh
trong ting Anh. Ngoi hai loi bin thi: bt buc v khng bt buc cp trn,
cn c mt vi loi bin thi khc. Sau y l mt s v d v cc loi bin thi ny
lin quan n lnh vc ting Anh thng mi.- c th chuyn thnh tru tng: bear
market > th trng xung gi, bed and breakfast > bn v mua li
ngay, bottleneck > s b tc, bull market > th trng gi ln, daisy
chain > vic mua bn v vt, dead-cat bounce > s hi phc nht thi,
fallen angels > nhng chng khon mt gi, fast food > thc phm n
lin, grandfather clause > iu khon min tr, graveyard market >
th trng xung gi, haircut > mc ht xn, head hunter > ngi / cng
ty sn lng cht xm, head office > tr s chnh, horse-trading > s
mc c tinh khn, infant industry > ngnh cng nghip non tr, lame
duck > ngi / cng ty tht bi, master budget > ngn sch chnh,
peanuts > s tin nh, peppercorn rent > t danh ngha,
people-intensive > dng nhiu lao ng, red herring > bn co bch
thm d, red tape > t quan liu, sandwich course > kha hc va hc
va lm, sunrise industry > ngnh cng nghip ang ln, sunset industry
> ngnh cng nghip ang tn, wildcat strike > nh cng manh ng,
widow-and-orphan stock > c phiu rt c gi tr, window dressing >
v le lot b ngoi- tru tng chuyn thnh c th: available assets > ti
sn tin mt, quick assets > ti sn d i thnh tin mt, entertainment
account > ti khon tip khch, holding company > cng ty m,
hyper-inflation > lm pht phi m, industrial relations > mi
quan h gia ch v th, outstanding shares > nhng c phiu nm trong
tay c ng, subsidiary company > cng ty con, unwritten contract
> hp ng ming- b phn ny chuyn thnh b phn khc: head tax > thu
thn, house magazine > tp ch ca hng, pie chart > biu trn- ph
nh ca khng -A chuyn thnh A: unskilled labour > lao ng gin n / ph
thng, diseconomies of scale > gim hiu qu kinh t do quy m,
non-durables > hng tiu dng mau hng, non-manual workers > gii
lao ng tr thc- A chuyn thnh ph nh ca khng -A: bare contract > hp
ng khng n b, bad title > vn t s hu khng c gi tr, bear cheque
> sc v danh, dormant companies > cc cng ty khng hot ng,
environment(ally)-friendly > khng hi n mi trng, demand deposit
> tin gi khng k hn, deregulation > phi iu tit ha, foul bill
of lading > vn n khng hon ho, nude / naked contract > hp ng
khng n b, silent / sleeping partner > hi vin khng hot ng,
hostile takeover > vic tip qun khng c ng thun- i biu tng (n d
kiu ny i sang n d kiu khc): bricks-and-mortar businesses > cc c
s kinh doanh qua ca hng, clicks-and-mortar company > cng ty kinh
doanh qua internet, golden hello > tin thng u qun, brain drain
> chy mu cht xm..3.6 Phng thc (6): tng ng (equivalence)Vinay v
Darbelnet dng thut ng ny ch nhng trng hp khi hai ngn ng cng m t mt
tnh hung nhng vi cc phng tin cu trc hoc phong cch khc nhau. C th ly
mt v d c in v phn ng ca ngi th khng chuyn v tnh p ba trng ngn tay
mnh: nu l mt ngi Php, h s ni Aie!, nhng nu l ngi Anh th h s ni
Ouch!. Tng ng trong tnh hung ny ting Vit s l !. V d ny d kh n gin
nhng minh ha c mt c trng c th ca phng thc ny: cc thay i lin quan u
c tnh c on (syntagmatic), nh hng n ton b thng bo. Theo Vinay v
Darbelnet phng thc tng ng t bit hu ch trong vic dch cch ngn, thnh
ng, cc kt hp danh t hoc tnh t. Cch ngn (proverbs) cung cp cc minh
ha v phng thc ny. V d: cch ngn Php comme un chien dans un jeu de
quilles (like a dog in a game of skittles) v tng ng ca n trong cch
ngn Anh like a bull in a china shop (ngi th l, vng v) v deux
patrons font chavirer la barque (two skippers will capsize the
boat) v tng ng ca n trong cch ngn Anh too many cooks spoil the
broth (lm thy thi ma) c xem l tng ng v chng ch cng mt tnh hung nhng
vi cc phng tin cu trc v hnh nh khc hn nhau.Mt vi v d v cch ngn ting
Anh lin quan n lnh vc thng mi v phng thc dch tng ng ca chng sang
ting Vit:Cch ngn ting Anh Phng thc dch tng ng sang ting VitThe
dearest is the cheapest Ca r l ca iiu tng t cng ng vi trng hp dch
cc thnh ng. to talk through ones hat (ni cng) hoc as like as two
peas (ging nh hai git nc) li cng khng c dch theo phng php sao phng
(calque).Mt vi v d v thnh ng ting Anh lin quan n lnh vc thng mi v
phng thc dch tng ng ca chng sang ting Vit:Thnh ng ting Anh Phng thc
dch tng ng sang ting Vitbe in the black libe in the red lblow the
whistle on (sb/sth) t co (ai / iu g)buy a pig in a poke mua tru v
bngcome / go under the hammer c bn u gicook the books gian ln s
schcorner the market lng on th trngflood the market trn ngp th
trngget the axe b ui / thi hihammer the market bn mt lc mt chng
khon vi s lng ln lm cho gi ca n xung nhanhones moneys worth ng ng
tin bt gopay through the nose gi ct ctake a bath tht c l vnwear and
tear hao mnPhng thc tng ng cn ng mt vai tr quan trng trong trng hp
dch cc kt hp danh t v tnh t trong ting Anh thng mi. Theo t in ting
Anh thng mi (NXB Longman) [ ,vi] danh t ghp chim mt b phn ln ting
Anh thng mi. Newmark [19,145] cho rng cc kt hp mi (danh t ghp/tnh t
vi danh t) c bit ph bin trong khoa hc x hi v trong ngn ng vi tnh.
Tuy nhin iu cn lu l s khc bit gia cm t: cc kt hp thng thng (xin xem
phng thc sao phng) v danh t ghp Ly v d t sleeping partner nu l cm
t, ta s dch theo phng thc sao phng l i tc ang ng (partner who is
sleeping) nhng nu l danh t ghp, ta s dch theo phng thc tng ng
(equivalence) l i tc khng hot ng (partner who does not take an
active role).Mt s v d v cc danh t ghp trong ting Anh thng mi v phng
thc dch tng ng ca chng sang ting Vit- economic / useful life thi hn
s dng- qualified opinion s nh gi c ph ch- qualified report bn bo co
kim ton c ph ch / c vn - sleeping beauty mt cng ty hp dn-
translation methods cc phng php quy i ngoi hi- translation gain /
loss li / l do quy i ngoi hi- umbrella organization t chc bao trm-
think-tank nhm chuyn gia c vnTuy nhin, mt s thut ng ting Anh khi
chuyn sang ting Vit nu c dch phng thc sao phng (calque) th rt t
nhin v d hiu nh: black spot (im en), plus point (im cng),
bottleneck (nt c chai / ch ng d b n tc), blue-collar worker (cng
nhn c cn xanh), hot seat (gh nng), nhng mt s khc th l lm v kh hiu
nh: lameduck (con vt qu), player (tay chi)3.7 Phng thc (7): dch
thot (adaptation)y l phng thc cui cng c dng khi mt tnh hung trong
vn ha gc khng tn ti trong vn ha dch v vy phi c mt s ch tng ng vi vn
ha gc trong vn ha dch. Sau y l mt v d v phng thc dch thot c nu bi
Vinay v Darbelnet: v mt vn ha vic ng b ngi Anh hn con gi mnh ming l
bnh thng nhng mt hnh ng tng t l khng th chp nhn xt v mt vn ha mt vn
bn ting Php. dch cu he kissed his daughter on the mouth trong ng
cnh mt ngi cha tr v nh sau khi i du lch di ngy th ngi dch phi to ra
mt tnh hung mi m c th c xem l tng ng. V vy, phng thc dch thot c th
c m t l mt loi tng ng c bit, tng ng tnh hung. Cch dch ph hp hn
trong trng hp ny s l il serra tendrement sa fille dans ses bra (he
tenderly embraced his daughter in his arms: ng ta u ym m c gi con
ca mnh). Trong ting Anh thng mi, danh t ring Goliath2thng ch mt cng
ty c tim lc ti chnh, v vy khi gp t trong cc v d sau: the company is
the Goliath of the computer industry hoc a telecomes goliath th t
goliath trong v d ny theo phng thc dch thot nn dch l i gia, ng ln /
g khng l. ting Vit, khi ni v mt k yu m dm chng k mnh hn gp bi , ngi
ta thng v von l chu chu xe, chu chu voi hoc trng chi vi . dch cu
Gaddafi quyt chu chu xe, tn cng Chu u. Cu dch tng ng theo phng thc
dch thot s l Gaddafi (David) determined to attack Europe (Goliath).
Trong vn ha Vit cng nh cc nn vn ha chu nh hng ca vn ha Trung hoa,
con rng lun c xem l biu tng vng quyn (royal power) di ch phong kin.
Rng c xem l mt linh vt ng u trong t linh: Long, Ln, Quy v Phng.Ngi
Vit xem rng l biu tng ca s tt p, may mn v thnh vng, tuy nhin t con
rng (the dragon) li l mt con vt hung d, biu tng ca s xu xa, c c v c
ngha rt tiu cc trong vn ha Ty phng v vy trong Kinh thnh chuyn c nt
ngha ca t con rng t ting Anh sang ting Vit ngi dch phi tm mt s ch
tng ng ting Vit l con mng x (con vt lm vic c trong c tch Vit nam).
V d sau y cho thy ngi dch p dng phng thc dch thot cho t dragon. The
woman in charge of the accounts department is an absolute dragon!
(Ngi n b ph trch phng k ton l mt b chn ch th!). Khi ni v cc quc gia
pht trin vi ngha khen ngi, ngi ta thng dng ch rng, v d, Nht, Hn
Quc, i Loan, Singapore c gi l nhng con rng Chu / con rng kinh t.
Tuy nhin, s ch tng ng vi t rng trong ting Anh li l Tigers (con h)
ch khng phi l Dragons (con rng)3.Phng thc dch thot thng c dng dch
tn phim, kch hoc tn tiu thuyt. V d, tn phim Memmoirs of a Geisha c
dch l i k n, tn sch When Heaven and Earth changed places c dch l
Khi tri t i thay, tn tiu thuyt The Scarlet Letter c dch l Nt ch
nhc.44. Kt lunBy phng thc pht tho trn u c ng dng cho cc mc khc nhau
ba bnh din: t vng, c php v thng bo. Trong ting Php, v d phng thc
vay mn ngoi vic vay mn cu trc / c php (structural borrowings) nh
science-fiction (truyn khoa hc vin tng), ngi ta cn c th ni n s vay
mn cp t vng (borrowings on the lexical level): bulldozer (my i),
stopover (trm dng chn) v s vay mn cp thng bo (the message level):
O.K (ng ), five oclock tea (ung tr lc 5 gi). Theo Vinay v
Darbelnet, trong mt cu, c th p dng mt vi phng thc trong s 7 phng
thc nu trn: v d, vic dch t paper-weight (ci chn giy) thnh
presse-papier lin quan n c phng thc chuyn v ln phng thc bin iu.
Trong ting Anh thng mi, cc t bear v bull l cc t n (simple words)
khi chuyn dch sang ting Anh thnh ng (phrases): bull thnh (ngi u c
gi ln), bear (ngi u c gi xung) v t n d ny (con vt) sang n d khc
(con ngi) nn c hai cch dch trn u c xem va l chuyn v va l bin iu.
Vic m t, phn tch v phn loi chi tit cc phng thc dch ca Vinay v
Darbelnet v ng dng chng vo mt vn bn chuyn ngnh nh ting Anh thng mi
cho thy rng cc phng thc ny l sc tch, d s dng v linh hot trong vic
ng dng dch mt vn bn ting Anh thng mi sang ting Vit.1Xin xem bi Vit
Nam di mt nhn ca h trong Tui Tr Cui Tun s 5-2012 (1474)2Goliath l t
ch g khng l trong Kinh thnh, b git bi mt hn do mt chng trai tn l
David nm, (xin xem trong The Holy Bible (I Sam 17 p. 198).3Cn lu l
mt s quc gia Chu thng dng t Asian dragons, economic dragons, dragon
economiesv.v, trong cc vn bn vit bng ting Anh ca h.4Tiu thuyt The
Scarlet Letter l cun tiu thuyt xut bn nm 1850 ca Nathaniel
Hawthorne v c dch sang ting Vit l Ch A mu (dch gi: Lm Hoi, NXB Vn
Hc, 2011), tuy nhin ti vn thch cch dch ca mt ngi thy dy ti i Hc S
Phm Hu vo nhng nm u ca thp nin 80 v gn y ca mt tin s dy vn chng ti
i hc Montana (M), l Nt ch nhc. Xin xem Gic m vn hc Vit trn t M,
tr.26 trong Tui Tr Cui Tun s 3-2012 (1472).Sch Tham Kho[1] Baker M.
(1992), In Other Words, A Course-book on Translation, Routledge.[2]
Catford J.C (ed), Translation Shifts p.p 70-79 in Chesterman.A.
(1989), Readings in Translation Theory, Loimaan Kirjapaino Oy.[3] i
Xun Ninh & mt s cng s (1984), Ngn Ng Hc: Khuynh Hng-Lnh Vc-Khi
Nim (Tp I), NXB Khoa Hc X Hi.[4] i Xun Ninh & mt s cng s
(1986), Ngn Ng Hc: Khuynh Hng-Lnh Vc-Khi Nim (Tp II), NXB Khoa Hc X
Hi.[5] Delisle J. & et al. (ed), Translation Terminogogy,
Amsterdam and Philadelphia: Jonh Benjamins (1999).[6] H Quang Minh
(1997), Gii Thch Thut Ng Kinh T Anh-Vit Thng Dng, NXB Giao Thng Vn
Ti.[7] Hans. Kathy L (2004), Business Idioms From Silicon Valley. L
Thnh Tm v L Ngc Phng Anh gii thiu. NXB Tng Hp TP. H Ch Minh.[8] H
Canh Thn, Vng Xun Huy, Thn Vn Trinh (2007), Son Tho v Dch Hp ng
Thng Mi Quc T. Nguyn Thnh Yn dch. NXB Tng Hp Thnh Ph HCM.[9] Jones,
Roderick (2002), Conference Interpreting Explained, St. Jerome
Publishing.[10] Larson, M.L (1998), Meaning-based Translation: A
Guide to Cross-Language Equivalence, University of Press
America.[11] L Hng Tin (2007), Vn Phng Php Trong Dch Thut Anh-Vit
trong Tp Ch Khoa Hc Chuyn San Ngoi Ng, i Hc Quc Gia H Ni.[12]
Munday J. (2009), Nhp Mn Nghin Cu Dch Thut: L Thuyt v ng Dng (Trnh
L dch), NXB Tr Thc.[13] N.H Vit Tin-Elizabeth Hodgkin-Hu Ngc-Mary
Cowan (1995), S Tay Ngi Dch Ting Anh, NXB Gio Dc.[14] Nguyn Quc Hng
(2005), Hng Dn K Thut Dch Anh-Vit, NXB Khoa Hc X Hi.[15] Nguyn Quc
Hng (2007), Hng Dn K Thut Phin Dch Anh-Vit Vit-Anh, NXB Tng Hp Thnh
Ph HCM.[16] Nguyn Th Sang, Ting Vit v Ting Hoa. Truy cp ngy
2/2/2012 thttp://www.catholic.org.tw.vntaiwan//50vietnam.htm[17]
Nguyn Thng Hng (2005), Dch Thut: t L Thuyt n Thc Hnh, NXB Vn Ha Si
Gn.[18] Newmark P. (1981), Approaches to Translation, Pergamon,
Oxford.[19] Newmark P. (1988), A Textbook of Translation, Prentice
Hall, New York and London.[20] Nguyn Vn Ph (1999), Ting Anh L Th,
NXB Thnh Ph H Ch Minh.[21]Phan Ngc (2000), Vi Mo V Phong Cch Khoa
Hc trong Cch Gii Thch Vn Hc bng Ngn Ng Hc, NXB Tr.[22]Richards
& et al (1999), Dictionary of Language Teaching & Applied
Linguistics, Longman.[23]Sari, F. K (2009), An Analysis of
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Tanenbaum 3rdComputer Networks into Bahasa Indonesia.[24]The Holy
Bible, King James Version, World Bible Publisher.[25]Trn Thanh A
(2009), T in T Vay Mn Trong Ting Vit Hin i, NXB i Hc Quc Gia TP H
Ch Minh.[26] Trnh Nht (2011), Th i Tm Ci Tng ng Trong Phin Dch.
Truy cp ngy 2/12/2011 t
vny2k.net//FrankTrinh_TuongduongTrongPhie[27] Vinay J.P. &
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.A. (1989), Readings in Translation Theory, Loimaan Kirjapaino Oy.T
IN THAM KHO[28] T in Anh-Vit (Vin Ngn Ng Hc). NXB Vn Ha Si Gn
(2007).[29]T in Kinh T Kinh Doanh Anh-Vit. NXB Khoa Hc v K Thut
(2000).[30]T in Thut Ng Chuyn Ngnh Bin Phin Dch Anh-Vit. NXB Thanh
Nin.[31]T in Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary, NXB Oxford
University Press (2005).[32]T in Longman Business English
Dictionary, NXB Longman (2007).[33]T in Thut Ng Th Trng Chng Khon
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