File Style

BI GING :

AUTOCAD NNG CAO V LP TRNH TRONG AUTOCADNgi lp : Trn anh Bnh

Sch tham kho :

AutoCAD 2004 Bible Wileys & Sons

Mastering in AutoCAD 2000 George Omura

AutoCAD 2004 For Dummies John Wiley & Sons

AutoCAD 2000 (1,2) KTS.Lu Triu Nguyn.

AutoCAD 2004 (1,2) c bn v nng cao TS.Nguyn Hu Lc.

Cc tin ch thit k trn AutoCAD TS.Nguyn Hu Lc.

Nguyn Thanh Trung.

AutoCAD 2004 (1,2) c bn v nng cao TS.Nguyn Hu Lc.

AutoCAD 2004 Activex and VBA KS.Hong Thnh An.

S tit ging : 45 Tit AutoCAD nng cao : 45 tit

L thuyt : 30 tit

Thc hnh : 5 bui (5x3=15 tit)

PHN I : AUTOCAD NNG CAO (24 tit)Chng 1 : THIT LP MI TRNG BN V (9 tit)I.Quy nh v bn v.1.Cc thng tin c c t bn v2.Cc khng gian trong CAD3. ngha ca vic thit lp mi trng bn v4.Mt s quy nh chung4.1.Khung v t l bn v4.2.Quy nh v ng nt v c chII.Thit lp mi trng v.1.Text style.2.Layer.3.Dimesion Style.4.Hatch.5.Lnh LineType.6.Block v Thuc tnh ca Block.6.1.Block6.2.Thuc tnh ca Block6.3.Quan ly cac block.7.Ghi cc thit lp mi trng bn v thnh TemPlate.8.Cc ty chn trong menu OptionIII.Gii thiu Express Tools.Chng 2 : LAYOUT VA IN N (6 tit)I.Lm vic vi Layout1.Paper Space2.Cac thao tac trn Viewport cua Paper Space2.1.Tao cac Viewport2.2.Ct xen ng bao Viewport2.3.Ty l trong tng Viewport2.4.Layer trong tng Viewport2.5.n hin viewport2.6.n hin ng bao viewport2.7.Scale LineType2.8.Cc hiu chnh khc i vi Viewport3.Cac chu y khi in nhiu ti l trong mt ban veII.iu khin in n.1.Khai bo thit b in.2.In ra file *.PLTChng 3 : LM VIC VI D LIU (6 tit)I.Tham kho ngoi1.Gii thiu v tham kho ngoi.2.Chen mt xref vao ban ve3.M mt xref t ban ve chinh4.Hiu chinh xref t ban ve chinh.4.1.Lnh Refedit (Reference Edit).4.2.Thm, bo bt cac i tng khoi working set (Lnh refset).4.3.Lnh refclose4.4.Mt s bin h thng lin quan n xref.5.iu khin s hin th ca mt xref.5.1.Xref va cac thanh phn hin phu thuc.5.2.Xref va lp.5.3.Lnh Xbin.5.4.Tham chiu vong.5.5.Xen cac xref.5.6.Tng tc hin thi cua cac xref ln.6.Quan ly xref6.1.ng dn cua cac xref.6.2.Xref notification6.3.AutoCAD DesignCenter.6.4.File bin ban (log) cua xref.II.Lm vic vi d liu ngoi (Working with External Database)1.S lc v d liu ngoi trong AutoCAD.2.Cc chun b cho vic kt ni c s d liu.3.nh cu hnh d liu cho ODBC.4.nh cu hnh d liu trong AutoCAD.5.Chnh sa d liu trong AutoCAD6.To cc mu kt ni.7.To, hiu chnh v xa cc kt ni.8.Quan st cc kt ni.9.To mu nhn.10.To nhn.11.S dng query truy tm d liu11.1.S dng Quick Query11.2.S dng Range Query11.3.S dng Range Query11.4.S dng Link SelectIII.Lm vic vi Raster Image1.Tng quan2.Chn nh (inserting images3.Qun l hnh nh (Managing images)4.Ct xn nh (Clipping images)5.iu khin s hin th (Controlling image display)5.1.iu khin hin th5.2.Cht lng nh (Image quality)5.3.Image transparency5.4.Bt tt ng bao ca nh (Image frame)IV.Pasting, Linking, and Embedding Objects1.Embedding objects into AutoCAD2.Linking data3.Pasting data into AutoCADChng 4 : TY BIN TRONG AUTOCAD (9 tit)I.Cc i tng shape. (1 tit)1.Khi nim v Shape.2.Cch m t shape trong file .SHP.2.1.Vector Length and Direction Code (m vector).2.2.Special Codes (m c bit)II.To font ch1.To font ch SHX.2.To big font.3.To big font t file m rng.III.To cc dng ng (file linetype)1.Khi nim v phn loi dng ng.2.To cc dng ng n gin.2.1.Dng creat trong lnh -linetype.2.2.To linetype bng cch son tho trc tip trong .LINIV.Dng ng phc cha i tng shape1.Dng ng phc c cha i tng ch.V.To cc mu mt ct.1.File mu mt ct.2.To mu mt ct n gin.3.To cc mu mt ct phc tp.VI.Menu.1.Menu v file menu.1.1.Cc loi menu1.2.Cc loi file menu1.3.Ti, g b mt menu2.Ty bin mt menu2.1.Cu trc mt file menu2.2.Menu Macro2.3.Pull-down Menu2.3.1.Section ca Pull-down menu2.3.2.Tiu ca pull-down menu2.3.3.Tham chiu n pulldown menu2.3.4.Chn v loi b Pull-down menu trn menubar2.4.Shortcut menu.2.5.Buttons menu v auxiliary menu.2.5.1.Section ca Buttons menu v auxiliary menu2.5.2.To cc AUX menu.2.5.3.Menu swaping.2.6.Image Tile menus2.6.1.Section ca Image menu2.6.2.M ta muc chon cua menu hinh anh2.6.3.Goi hin thi cac menu hinh anh2.6.4.Slide va th vin slide.2.7.Menu mn hnh.2.7.1.Section ca menu hnh nh.2.8.Chui ch thch thanh trng thi.2.8.1.Section ca on m t chui ch thch.2.8.2.M t chui ch thch.2.9.To cc phm tt.2.9.1.Section ca on m t cc phm tt2.9.2.To phm ttVII.Toolbar1.cch to toolbars bng cch dng lnh Toolbar1.1.To Toolbar1.2.To nt lnh mi1.3.Sa nt lnh1.4.To mt Flyout2.Cch to toolbars bng cch son tho trong file *.mnu2.1.Dng m t tng qut thanh cng c2.2.Dng m t loi nt lnh Button2.3.Dng m t loi nt lnh Flyout.2.4.Dong m t nt lnh Control.

PHN I : AUTOCAD NNG CAO (24 tit)

MC CH V NI DUNG CA PHN AUTOCAD NNG CAO.

Sinh vin lm quen vi AutoCAD qua mn hc hnh ha, cc n mn hc. Nhng phn ln SV mi ch lm quen vi AutoCAD v bit c mt s lnh c bn. Phn AutoCAD nng cao s to cho sinh vin bit cch b cc, trnh by bn v mt cch chuyn nghip, bit cch lm ch mi trng v ca mnh.Chng 1 : THIT LP MI TRNG BN V (9 tit)

I. Quy nh v bn v.1. Cc thng tin c c t bn v

Hnh dngVt liu (b tng, g ,)

Kch thc (thng qua Dim, thng qua t l + kch thc trn bn v)

T lng nt (thy khut)2. Cc khng gian trong CADCAD cung cp 2 khng gian Model Space v Paper Space.Model Space

L khng gian giy v

Cc thao tc v thng c thc hin trn m hnh ny.

Paper Space

Cng l mt khng gian v.Trong paper space (PS), bn c th chn title block, to cc layout viewport, dimension v thm cc notes trc khi in bn v.

Trong PS bn c th tham chiu n 1 hoc nhiu vng ca MS vi cc t l khc nhau thng qua cc ca s (viewport). (c bit quan trng trong v phi cnh kin trc)3. ngha ca vic thit lp mi trng bn v

Gip ngi dng thc hin qu trnh v mt cch nhanh hn.Bn v, quy cch v c thng nht thnh tiu chun v, mu ha trong nhiu khu

Bn v c t chc th hin mt r rng, mch lc.

Thnh qu lao ng c ti s dng li mt cch chuyn nghip hn4. Mt s quy nh chung

4.1. Khung v t l bn vC 2 cch v :V t do : ko nh gii hn bn v

V theo khung : Bn v c gii hn theo kh giy (lnh Limits)Cc loi khung : khung A1,A2,A3,A4T l bn v l t l gia kch thc trn bn v khi in ra v kch thc thc. C cc cch v th hin t l bn v nh sau :V theo t l 1:1, scale khung in (ch yu dng khi v trn Model Space)V theo t l bn v. Gi nguyn khung in (ch yu dng khi v trn layout)V theo t l bt k, khng ch t l khung in/ t l bn v (t dng)

Lnh MVSetup.4.2. Quy nh v ng nt v c chQuy nh v ng nt khi in :

Nt lin mnh (ng bao dm, ng bao ct, cc nt thng thng) :

Nt lin m (Cc nt thp, nt ct qua,) :

Nt hatchNt ca ch (ch dng khi font s dng SHX) :

Nt ca ng ghi ch v kch thc :

Quy nh v chiu cao ca ch: Bn v thng thng gm c hai c ch, ty theo t l m ta t chiu cao ch khc nhau. Tuy nhin khi in ra phi m bo chiu co ch ghi ch, chiu cao ch ca dim l 2,5mm. Chiu cao ch ca tiu l 5mm. (nu v d v chiu cao ch v t l bn v)Quy nh v khong cch cc Dim.

Khong cch t chn dim n dim l 10mm

Khong cch gia cc Dim song song nhau l 8mm

II. Thit lp mi trng v.

1. Text style.

Command : STyle

Style name : Tn style

New, rename, delete : To mi, thay i tn v xa mt kiu ch (Text style)

Font

Font name : Tn phng

font style : Chn font ch m rng ca font shx khi chn Use Big font

Height : Chiu cao mc nh ca font. AutoCAD s u tin s dng chiu cao ny trong ton b bn v. Nu chiu cao ny bng 0 th AutoCAD s ly chiu cao nhp vo khi chn text

Effects

Upside down : Ln ngc ch theo trc nm ngang

Backwards : Quay ngc ch theo trc thng ng

Vertical : Ch theo phng thng ng

Width factor : Phng ch theo chiu ngang.

Oblique Angle : Gc nghing ca ch.

Preview : xem trc cc nh dng chn.

2. Layer.

Command : Layer (Bng Layer Properties Manager hin ln :

, Filter :

To mt filter (n vo nt new filter)

Filter name : Tn ca nhm lc.

Filter definition

Status : 2 ch : ang s dng (current in use) v Tt c layer (all layer)

Name : Lc theo tn, s dng du * thay th cho mt nhm k t, du ? thay th cho mt k t.

On, freeze, lock, color, lineweight, Plot Style, Plot : Lc theo cc thuc tnh ca layer.

Filter preview : Xem trc cc i layer lc.

Nu dng lnh nhiu hn mt dng c coi l iu kin hoc.

Group Layer :

To tng nhm lc. Layer trong nhm mi to khng bao gm cc layer trong bn v. Ta c th nhp cc layer trong bn. Trong mi nhm ny ta c th to tng b lc layer khc nhau.

Khi ta chn mt block hay chn mt xref vo th AutoCAD s t ng chn thm group layer.

Layer States Manager

Ta c th xut cc nh dng layer ra file cha layer *.LAS

Khi cc thuc tnh ca layer b thay i, ta c th khi phc li n bng cch import li cc thuc tnh c lu li trong file *.LAS. Ch cc layer b xa i th s khng khi phc li c.

Cc thuc tnh c khi phc li c quy nh trong Layer setting to restore. (Frezen : qu kh ca freeze ng bng, Thaw : s tan bng )

Turn off layers not found in layer state : Tt tt c cc layer khng tm thy trong file *.LAS khi khi phc li thuc tnh.

3. Dimesion Style.

Command : DIMSTYLE (

Set current : Chuyn dimstyle c chn sang ch o hin hnh.

New : To mi Dimstyle.

Modify : Chnh sa Dimstyle.

Override : Dng khi mun gn chng tm thi cc bin kch thc trong kiu kch thc c chn.

Compare : So snh cc thng s trong 2 loi Dimstyle khc nhau trong bn v.

Hp thoi tao new :

Hp thoi Use for : Loi kch c p dng trong khi o

All dimension : Tt c cc loi kch thc.

Linear : Kch thc thng.

Angular : o gc

Radius : o bn knh

Diameter : o ng knh.

Ordinate : Ta im

Leader and tolerance : Ch thch vi ng dn v dung sai.

Frame Dimension Line : (ng kch thc)

Extend beyond ticks : Khong cch ng kch thc nh ra khi ng ging khi ta chn arrowheads l gch cho.

Baseline spacing : Khong cch gia ng kch thc trong chui kch thc song song.

Suppress : B qua ng kch thc th nht, th hai, v c th nht ln th hai.

M t trong hnh v di y :

Frame Dimension Line:

Extend beyond dim lines : khong ng ging nh ra khi ng kch thc.

Offset from origin : Khong cch t gc ng ging n u ng ging.

Suppress :B qua ng ging th nht, th hai, c hai ng ging.

M t trong hnh v di y.

Arrowheads : (Mi tn)

1st : Dng mi tn cho u kch thc th nht.

2nd : Dng mi tn cho u kch thc th hai.

Leader : Dng mi tn cho u ng ch thch.

Arrow size : ln u mi tn. Chn User arrow, khi hp thoi hin ra, ta nhp tn block dng lm mi tn vo hp thoi.

Center Marks for Circles : (Du tm v ng tm)

Type : Dng du tm (mark), ng tm (line) hay khng hin g (none).

Size : kch thc du tm.

Text Appearance:

Text style : Chn tn kiu ch hin ln trong kch thc. Ta c th lm hin bng text style trong [] bn cnh text style.

Text color : Mu ch

Fill color : mu nn ca ch.

Text height : Chiu cao ca ch.

Fraction height scale : Gn t l gia chiu cao ch s dung sai v ch s kch thc.

Draw frame around text : V khung ch nht bao quanh ch s kch thc.

Text Placement :

Vertical : iu chnh v tr ch theo phng thng ng.

Center : Ch s nm gia ng kch thc.

Above : Ch s nm trn ng kch thc.

Outside : v tr nm ngoi ng kch thc v xa im gc o nht.

JIS (Japanese industrial Standards) : v tr ch ca ng kch thc theo tiu chun Nht.

Horizontal : V tr ca ch so vi phng nm ngang.

Centered : nm gia hai ng ging.

1 st Extension Line : Ch s nm v pha ng ging th nht. Khong cch t ch n ng ging bng tng chiu di mi tn v bin Offset from dim line

Offset from dim line : khong cch t ch n ng kch thc. TC khong 1-2 mm.Nu ch nm gia ng kch thc th y l khong cch gia ch v 2 nhnh ca ng kch thc.Nu bin ny m th AutoCAD s t ng chuyn s ny thnh dng.

Text Alignment : iu chnh hng ca ch.

Horizontal : ch lun lun nm ngang.

Aligned with dimension line : ch c ging song song vi ng kch thc.

ISO Standard : ch s song song vi ng kch thc khi n nm trong hai ng ging, v s nm ngang trong trng hp nm ngc li.

Fit Options : th ny s kim tra xem, nu ch trng th s t text v ng kch thc theo ng v tr quy nh mc trc. Cn nu khng ch trng ghi text th text v ng kch thc s c ghi theo cc quy nh sau :

Either the text or the arrows whichever fits best :

Khi ch trng th text v mi tn th c hai s nm gia hai ng ging.

Khi ch ch cho text th mi tn s c v ra ngoi.

Khi ch ch cho mi tn th text s c v ra ngoi.

Arrows :

Khi ch cho ch v mi tn th c hai s nm gia hai ng ging.

Khi ch ch cho mi tn th mi tn s c v trong 2 ng ging cn ch th c v ra ngoi.

Khi khng ch cho mi tn th c text v mi tn s c v ra ngoi.

Text :

Khi ch cho ch v mi tn th c hai s nm gia hai ng ging.

Khi ch ch cho Text th Text s c v trong 2 ng ging cn mi tn th c v ra ngoi.

Khi khng ch cho Text th c text v mi tn s c v ra ngoi.

Both text and arrouws : Khi khng choc ho ch s hoc mi tn th c hai s c v ra ngoi.

Always keep text between ext lines : ch s v kch thc lun lun nm gia hai ng ging.

Suppress arrows if they dont fit inside the extension lines : s khng xut hin mi tn nu gia hai ng ging khng ch trng v.

Text Placement : quy nh v tr ca ch s kch thc khi di chuyn chng ra khi v tr mc nh

Beside the dimension line : Sp xp bn cnh ng ging.

Over the dimension line, with a leader : sp xp ra ngoi ng kch thc km theo mt ng dn.

Over the dimension line, without a leader : sp xp ra ngoi ng kch thc m km theo bt k mt ng dn no.

Scale for Dimension Features :

Use overall scale of : Phong toan b cc bin kch thc theo t l ny. Ring gi tr ch s o c khng b thay i.

Scale dimensions to layout (paper space) : Dng trong paper space. Nghin cu sau.

Fine Tuning : gn mt s la chn b xung.

Place text manually when dimensioning : t v tr text bng cch t chn v tr sau mi ln o.

Always draw dim line between ext lines : Lun lun v ng kch thc nm gia hai ng ging.

Linear Dimensions : gn dng v n v cho kch thc di

Unit format : Gn dng n v cho tt c cc loi kch thc, ngoi tr kch thc gc. Theo TCVN ta chn Decimal.

Precision : Quy nh s cc s thp phn s xut hin trong gi tr o c.

Fraction format : Gn dng cho phn s, cc la chn bao gm : Digonal, Horizontal v not stacked.

Dicimal separator : Quy nh v du ngn cch gia phn thp phn v phn nguyn. Round off : Quy nh v cch lm trn. VD nhp vo 0.15 th tt c cc s o s lm trn n 0.15

Prefix/ Suffix : Tin t v hu t ca text o c.

Measurement Scale :

Scale factor : chiu di o c s c nhn vi bin ny ra chiu di hin th trong dim.

Apply to layout dimensions only : Dng trong paper space, cha nhgin cu y

Zero suppression :

Leading : B nhng s 0 ng trc khng c ngha VD 0.25 ( .25

Trailing : B qua nhng s 0 khng c ngha trong phn thp phn VD 2.50 ( 2.5

Angular Dimensions :

Unit format : Gn dng n v cho kch thc gc. Theo TCVN ta chn Degreesl.

Precision : Quy nh s cc s thp phn s xut hin trong gi tr o c.

Zero suppression :

Leading : B nhng s 0 ng trc khng c ngha VD 0.25 ( .25

Trailing : B qua nhng s 0 khng c ngha trong phn thp phn VD 2.50 ( 2.5

Alternate units : gn cc n v lin kt. Gn dng v chnh xc n v chiu di, gc, kch thc v t l ca n v o lin kt (gia inch v minimeter)

Display alternate units : Hin th kch thc lin kt( l dng kch thc nh km vi kch thc lin kt chnh, v d nh kch thc lin kt chnh l minimeter, cn kch thc lin kt l inch. Kch thc lin kt ph l kch thc i km gii thch cho kch thc chnh)

Alternate units

Unit format : Gn n v lin kt.

Precision :Gn s cc s thp phn c ngha da trn dng n v di v gc m bn chn.

Multiplier for alt units : Chnh s t l gia n v kch thc chnh v n v kch thc lin kt.

Round distance to : Quy nh quy tc lm trn s cho kch thc lin kt

Prefix : Tin t cho kch thc lin kt.

Suffix : Hu t cho kch thc lin kt.

Zero suppression :

Leading :B nhng s 0 ng trc khng c ngha VD 0.25 ( .25

Trailing :B qua nhng s 0 khng c ngha trong phn thp phn VD 2.50 ( 2.5

Placement : nh v v tr t kch thc lin kt

After primary value : t v tr kch thc lin kt sau v tr kch thc lin kt chnh.

Below primary value : t kch thc lin kt di v tr kch thc lin kt chnh.

Tolerance : iu khin s hin th v hnh dng ca cc ch s dung sai.

Tolerance Fomat

Methode : Gn phng php tnh dung sai kch thc.

None : khng thm vo sau kch thc sai lch gi hn gi tr dung sai.

Symmetrical : Du xut hin trc cc gi tr dung sai. Khi sai lch gii hn trn v sai lch gii hn di s c gi tr tuyt i bng nhau. Ta ch cn nhp gi tr vo upper value.

Deviation : Sai lch gii hn m v dng khc nhau, khi ta in sai lch gii hn m vo Lower value v sai lch gii hn dng vo Upper value.

Limits : To nn cc kch thc gii hn. Kch thc gii hn trn bng kch thc danh ngha cng vi gi tr sai lch gii hn trn (Upper value), kch thc gii hn di bng kch thc danh ngha tr i gii hn di (Lower value) .

Basic : To mt khung ch nht bao quanh ch s kch thc. Khong cch t ch s kch thc n khung ch nht bng khong cch t ch s kch thc n ng kch thc khi khng chn mc ny.

Precision : Hin th v gn s cc s thp phn c ngha.

Upper value : Hin th v gn sai lch gii hn trn.

Lower value : Hin th v gn sai lch gii hn di.

Scaling for height : T s gia chiu cao ch s kch thc v ch s dung sai kch thc.

Vertical position : Quy nh im canh l ca cc gi tr dung sai dng symmetrical. Bao gm 3 kiu (Bottom, middle, top).

Alternate Unit Tolerance: quy nh cch thc gn chnh xc cho kch thc lin kt.

Precision : Hin th v gn chnh xc cho dung sai kch thc lin kt.

Zero suppression :

Leading : B nhng s 0 ng trc khng c ngha VD 0.25 ( .25

Trailing : B qua nhng s 0 khng c ngha trong phn thp phn VD 2.50 ( 2.5

4. Hatch.

Command : BHATCH (

The Hatch

Type : C 3 mu mt ct :

Predefinied : Cho php ta chn mu mt ct trong file ACAD.PAT. C 3 loi mt ct l ANSI (American National Standards Institute), ISO (International Standards Organisation) v Other Predefined

Custom : Chn mu mt ct c to t cc file .PAT

User Defined : Dng chn mu cc on thng song song. Khi ta nhp vo khong cch gia cc ng (spacing) v gc nghing (angle) ca hatch.

Swatch (mu mt ct) : Hin h mu mt ct chn. Nu chn mu mt ct l Solid th swatch hin th thuc tnh mu ca hatch.

Custom pattern : Chn cc mu la chn cha trong file .PAT

Pattern : Chn cc mu c sn trong file ACAD.PAT

Angle : Gc nghing ca hatch

Scale : T l phng

Iso pen with : Nu chn mu theo ISO th cho php chn chiu rng ca bt khi xut bn v ra giy

Double : Ch c tc dng khi ta chn User Defined Pattern. Double Hatch cho php ta to thm cc ng mt ct vung gc. Hnh thnh li vung lin tip nhau.

Pick points, Select objects : Chn mt vng khp kn.

Remove Island : B i mt vng nh trong vng chn

Inherit Properties : Ly mu mt ct t mt hatch t trn bn v

Associative : Nu chn mc ny th hacth s t ng bm dnh ly cc ng bin. C th l khi ta di chuyn ng bin hay mt object bn trong hatch, Hatch s t ng thay i bm ly cc object v boundary.

The Advanced

Island detection style : Chn kiu v mt ct nh m t trong hnh km theo :

Object type (mu mt ct) : Nu chn Retain boundaries th ng bin sau khi hatch s tr thnh dng polyline hoc Region..

Buondary set : Chn khi xc nh ng bin bng pick point.

Current viewport : Ch gii hn trong ca s nhn hin hnh.

Chn new chn mt gii hn cho lnh pick point. Khi buondary set s thnh Existing set

Island detection method : m t cch xc nh cc island.

Food : Cc island c xem l cc i tng bin.

Ray casting : D tm ng bin theo im ta ch nh theo hng ngc chiu kim ng h.

Th Gradient

One color : Phi gia mu c chn v mu trng.

Tint : Mu nh.

Shade : Mu m.

Two color : Phi gia hai mu c chn.

Center : ng tm.

Angle : gc quay ca mu.

5. Lnh LineType.

Command : Linetype (

Hp thoai LineType Manager.

Global scale factor (lnh ltscale) : quy nh t l phng to hay thu nh ng thng ( Dng khi ng thng khng phi l nt lin)

Current object scale (lnh celtscale) Quy nh t l dng ng cho i tng sp v. V d : Khi bin ltscale bng 2, bin celtscale bng 0.5 khi i tng sp v s c t l dng ng l 1.

Linetype filters : Lc cc ng hin th trn linetype manager. Nt invert filter l ph nh ca hp filter .

6. Block v Thuc tnh ca Block.6.1. Block

Command : block.

Name : Ti a 255 k t.

Object.

Retain : Gi li cc i tng chn nh l cc i tng ring bit

Convert to block : Chuyn tt c cc i tng thnh group lun.

Delete : Xa tt c cc i tng chn sau khi to block.

Preview icon : Cho php xem trc block nh mt Icon.

Drag and drop units : Ch nh n v ca block trong trng hp c s thay i t l khi ko t AutoCAD DesignCenter vo bn v.

Description :

Hyperlink :6.2. Thuc tnh ca Blocknh ngha thuc tnh

Thuc tnh l thnh phn ca mt block c th l dng ch nh km theo khi (block). N nh cc tnh cht ca thuc tnh v cc dng nhc hin th khi chn block vi thuc tnh.

To thuc tnh cho khi.

Lnh Attdef (Define attributes) : Cho 1 nh ngha cc thuc tnh ca block. Thi thc hin lnh Attdef hp thoi sau s hin ln :

Cc la chn ca hp thoi Attribute Definition nh sau :

Mode :

Attribute modes : Phng thc thuc tnh. Gm 4 la chn xc nh c xut hin v gi tr thuc tnh : Invisible. Constant, Verify v present. Invisible : sau ki chn block vi thuc tnh th thuc tnh s khng hin ln trn mn hnh. La chn ny s gip cho vic ti to bn v c nhanh hn. Cc c th iu khin li s hin th ca cc thuc tnh bng vic thay i li la chn trong lnh Attdisp.

Constant : cac gia tri thuc tinh se khng thay i. Khi o son tho Prompt trn vng attribute s c che i. Verify : khi chn block cng cc thuc tnh th dng nhc thm tra li s chnh xc ca cc thuc tnh va nhp s c hin ln.

Preset : AutoCAD khng cho php nhp gi tr thuc tnh khi s dng lnh insert chn, tuy nhin thuc tnh ny c th thay i bng lnh Attedit.

Attribute : gn d liu cho cc thuc tnh (attribute data). Bn c th nhp ti a 256k t, Du gch ch (\) s thay cho k t trng. Nu bn mun nhp k t \ th phi nhp hai k t gch cho cnh nhau.

Tag : Xc nh tn ca tag. C th cha k t bt k ngoi tr du cch v du chm than. AutoCAD s t ng thay th ch thng thnh ch hoa.

Prompt : nh dng nhc thuc tnh, s c hin th khi bn mun chn block cha thuc tnh. Nu bn chn constant th vng mode ny s khng hin ln.

Value : nh ngha gi tr mc nh ca thuc tnh.

Insertion point : nh v tr cho thuc tnh. Nhp gi tr ta hoc chn pick point nh v tr im trc tip chn trn bn v.

Text options : gn cc nh dng k t cho ch (attribute text). Justification : nh im canh l cho dng ch thuc tnh (Nh lnh DText) Text Style : nh kiu ch cho dng ch thuc tnh.

Height : nh chiu cao ca dng ch thuc tnh. Nhp gi tr vo ny hoc chn height< nhp chiu cao bng cch nhp hai im trn bn v. Nu bn nhp chiu cao ca Text style trong lnh Style th height s b m i.

Rotation : Ch nh gc nghing cho dng ch thuc tnh. Nhp gc quay vo rotaion. Nu bn chn Align hoc fit trn danh sch justufication th la chn ny s c che m i.

Align below previous attribute definition : sp xp cc attribute tag ngay bn di thuc tnh nh ngha trc ( cho trng hp block c nhiu thuc tnh). Nu trc bn cha to bt k mt thuc tnh no th la chn ny s m i.

Hiu chnh cc nh ngha thuc tnh.

Lnh Ddedit (vit tt ED). Bng Edit Attribute Definition hin ra nh sau :

Bn c th chnh li cc thng s ca thuc tnh ri n nt OK.

Ngoi ra ta c th s dng lnh change thay i cc nh ngha thuc tnh hin c.

Gn thuc tnh cho block.

gn thuc tnh cho block ta gn thuc tnh cho block khi nh ngha block ngha l khi to block ta chn thm nh ngha.

Trnh t chn cc thuc tnh quy nh trnh t hin th cc dng nhc khi bn chn block vi thuc tnh bng lnh insert.

Chn block vi thuc tnh vo trong bn v.

Chn block c thuc tnh bng lnh insert cng nh chn block bnh thng. Tuy nhin nu bin ATTDIA = 1 th xut hin hp thoi Enter Attributes, trn hp thoi ny ta nhp cc gi tr thuc tnh. Ph thuc vo s lng cc thuc tnh m ta gn cho block m ta c s lng cc TextBox nhiu hay t. Ngc li nu ATTDIA = 0 th hp thoi ny s khng c hin ln. ta nhp cc thuc tnh ca block di dng lnh.

iu khin s hin th ca cc thuc tnh.

Lnh Attdisp iu khin s hin th ca cc thuc tnh block ti bn v hin hnh. Bin ny l ON th s hin th cc thuc tnh ca block. Bin ny l OFF th cc thuc tnh ny s khng c hin th ln. Vic tt s hin th cc thuc tnh ca block khi khng cn hit s lm cho bn v c ti tao nhanh hn.

Command: attdisp

Enter attribute visibility setting [Normal/ON/OFF] : of

Regenerating model.Cp nht thay i.

Lnh Attsync cho php cp nht nhng g thay i ca block ch nh vi cc thuc tnh hin hnh xc nh cho block.

V d khi thay i cc thuc tnh, sau ta nh ngha li block. Dng lnh AttSync update li cc thuc tnh ca block.

Command: attsync

Enter an option [?/Name/Select] : ?

Attributed blocks: 123

Enter an option [?/Name/Select] : N

Enter name of block to sync or [?]: 123

Chn block cn cp nht chn select.

Nhp ? lit k danh sch block c.

Ch nh tn ca block cn cp nht chn Name.Hiu chnh thuc tnh ca block.

Hiu chnh thuc tnh bng lnh Attedit

Lnh Attedit cho php bn hiu chnh cc thuc tnh ca block chn vo trong bn v. Khi nh lnh ny hp thoi Edit Attribute s hin ln. Tuy nhin lnh ny ch cho php hiu chnh block vi thuc tnh mt cch ring l.

Lnh -Attedit

Edit attributes one at a time? [Yes/No] : NSa nhiu thuc tnh mt lc

Performing global editing of attribute values.

Edit only attributes visible on screen? [Yes/No] :

Enter block name specification :Chn tt c cc block

Enter attribute tag specification :

Enter attribute value specification :

Select Attributes: 1 foundchn Ximang ca block th nht.

Select Attributes: 1 foundchn Thep ca block th hai.

Select Attributes: 1 foundChn Ximang ca block th ba

Select Attributes:(

3 attributes selected.

Enter string to change: XimangThay nhng chui l Ximang thnh chui Cat

Enter new string: Cat

Trc khi hiu chnh

Sau khi hiu chnh

Hiu chnh thuc tnh bng lnh Eattedit.

Lnh Eattedit (hoc nhy kp chut) hp thoi Enhanced Attribute Editor c hin th :

Command: Ettedit

Select block reference:

Nu block bn chn khng cha thuc tnh hoc i tng chn khng phi l block th xut hin dng thng bo li. Bn phi chn li block khc.

Select Block : chn block trn bn v.

Apply : Cp nht cc thay i cu thuc tnh.

Attribute :

Hin th Tag, Prompt v Value gn cho mi thuc tnh

Value : Gn gi tr cho thuc tnh c chn.

Text Options : gn cc thuc tnh cho text. Cc la chn nh trong hp thoi to thuc tnh cho block.

TextStyle :Kiu text thuc tnh s hin ln mn hnh.

Justification : Ch nh im canh l cho text thuc tnh.

Height : Ch nh chiu cao dng ch thuc tnh.

Rotation : Ch nh gc quay thuc tnh dng ch thuc tnh.

Backwards : Ch nh dng ch thuc tnh i xng theo phng thng ng.

Upside down : Ch nh dng ch thuc tnh i xng phng ngang.

Oblique Angle : Ch nh nghing dng ch thuc tnh.

Propertie : xc nh lp cha thuc tnh chiu rng nt in, dng ng, mu,.

Layer : Ch r lp cha thuc tnh

LineType : ch nh dng ng.

Color : ch nh mu ca text thuc tnh.

Plot Style : Ch r kiu in ca thuc tnh. Nu bn v s dng kiu in hin hnh l kiu in theo mu th bng ny s c lm m i.

LineWeight : Ch r chiu rng net ca thuc tnh.

Hiu chnh cc tnh cht ca thuc tnh.

S dng lnh Battman hiu chnh cc tnh cht thuc tnh ca nh ngha block. Khi nh lnh Battman hp thoi Block Attribute Manager hin ln nh sau :

Chn Edit th hp thoi Edit Attribute s hin ln nh sau :

Th Attribute : nh trnh by trong mc to thuc tnh.

Data : Bn c th sa gi tr ca Tag, Prompt, Default.

Th Text Options : chn cc nh dng v ch.

Backwards : i xng theo phng thng ng Upside down: i xng theo phng ngang. Cc la chn khc nh trong phn to thuc tnh ca khi.

Th Properties : bao gm cc la chn v layer, color, linetype,

Nu chn setting th hp thoi setting s hin ln nh sau

Trch thng tin thuc tnh.

Sau khi tao va chen block vi thuc tinh vao ban ve, ta co th trich thng tin ca block ra file nh dng ACII (.TXT). Cc thng ny c th c s dng bi mt s phn mm khc.

Lnh Attext (Attribute Extaction).

Format file : chn cc nh dng format file AutoCAD duyt qua nh s trnh by di y.

Select Object : chn cc block cn trch thng tin. S lng cc block chn th hin trong Number found.

Output File : chn file s xut thng tin ra.File thng tin thuc tnh (Format file).

Thng tin thuc tnh ch c trch khi tn Tag ph hp vi tn trng c nh ngha trong file mu. Lnh Attext nh trnh by trn cho ta 3 nh dng ca file mu (format file).

Comma delimited file (CDF)

Space delimited file (SDF)

DXF Format Extract File (DXX)

CDF l nh dng trong thuc tnh ca mi block c chn s c l mt record. Du (,) s tch trng cu mi record, du () bao quanh trng k t.

SDF l nh dng to ra file cha ng mt record cho mi tham kho block. Mi trng ca mt record c chiu di c nh v khng dung bt k mt du phn cch no gia cc trng cng nh cc chui k t.

DXX l nh dng to nn tp hp con nh dng file trao i bn v ca AutoCAD trong DXX l mt phn nh ca DXF. File DXX khng i hi file nh dng v n theo nh dng ca DXF file.

Cu trc ca file mu thng tin thuc tnh.

File mu c trnh cha tt c cc thng tin lin quan n attribute, name, location, ca block. Sau khi nh ngha file mu, AutoCAD s s dng to ra cc file thng tin ca block.

V d file mu di y cha tt c cc thng tin c th trch ra t block.

FieldFormat Explanation

BL: LEVELNWWW000 Mc block lng nhau

BL: NAME CWWW000 Tn block

BL: X NWWWPPP Honh X im chn

BL: Y NWWWPPP Tung Y im chn

BL: Z NWWWPPP Cao Z im chn

BL: NUMBER NWWW000

BL: HANDLE CWWW000 Block handle

BL: LAYER CWWW000 Tn layer khi chn block

BL: ORIENTNWWWPPP Gc quay ca block

BL: XSCALE NWWWPPP T l phng theo trc X

BL: YSCALE NWWWPPP T l phng theo trc Y

BL: ZSCALE NWWWPPP T l phng theo trc Z

BL: XEXTRUDE NWWWPPP Thnh phn X ca hng dn ra ca block.

BL: YEXTRUDE NWWWPPP Thnh phn Y dng trong v 3D

BL: ZEXTRUDE NWWWPPP Thnh Phn Z

BL: SPACECWWWPPPChn mt khong trng vo v tr ny.

Ngoi cc thng tin trn ta cn c th trch cc thng tin thuc tnh i km ca block (Attributes tag) nh v d sau :

Attribute tagFormat

HangCWWWPPP

SoluongNWWW000

Gii thch nh dng m t (Fomat) : TWWWPPP T : k t u tin s quy nh gi tr ca thuc tnh l ch hay s (C :character, N : number).

WWW : s quy nh di ca gi tr thuc tnh (bao gm c du phy v du chm phn cch gia phn thp phn v phn nguyn).

PPP : chnh xc i vi s cn i vi tt c cc k t ta dng 000.

V d N006002 : quy nh gi tr l s (N), gi tr c th ln ti 999.99 (v 006 bao gm c du chm v 002 cho php ly chnh xc ti 2 ch s thp phn).

V d v file mu .

S dng trnh son tho NotePad to ra file vl.txt c ni dung nh sau :

BL : NAMEC004000

BL : X

BL : YN008002

BL : SPACEC002000

TENVLC012000

HANGC006000

KHOILUONGN008000

Khi file trch thng tin ca ta c dng nh sau :

Xut thng tin thuc tinh block bng lnh Eattext

anh lnh Eattext, hp thoai Attribute Extraction wizard hin ln :

Drawings

Select object : chon mt hoc nhiu block.

Current drawing : chon tt ca cac thuc tinh cua tt ca cac block co trong ban ve.

Select drawing : chon ban ve khac.Drawing files : ng dn cua file cha block cn trich thng tin.

Include xrefs : bao gm cac thng tin thuc tinh cua cac tham khao ngoai.

Include nested blocks : bao gm cac thng tin cua cac block lng.

Use template : s dung cac dinh dang mu (file template).

No template : khng s dung cac dinh dang mu (file template).

Chon cac thng tin cn trich ra trong hp attributes for block.

Chon cac block se trich thng tin trong hp blocks.

Chon anternate view chuyn i gia cac kiu nhin.

Ghi lai cac thit lp va thao tac ln sau dung lai. File template co dang *.BLK

Ta co th ghi lai cac thng tin trich di dang cac file khac nhau.

Vi du nh Excel :

6.3. Quan ly cac block.

S dung Acad Design Center

Ta co th s dng ca s acad Design center qun l cc block. C th ly cc block t bn v khc, c th preview trc, ri ko th vo bn v ca mnh.

S dung chc nng keo tha cua Window

Khi ta lm vic vi Internet Explore ta c th s dng chc nng ko th cc icon (cc file ca AutoCAD) chn vo bn v. Cc bn v c chn vo nh l mt i tng block.

7. Ghi cc thit lp mi trng bn v thnh TemPlate.8. Cc ty chn trong menu Option

III. Gii thiu Express Tools.

Chng 2 : LAYOUT VA IN N (6 tit)

IV. Lm vic vi Layout1. Paper SpaceKhi nim v vng nhn tnh v ng

Vng nhn tnh (Tiled Viewport)

AutoCad cho php bn chia mn hnh thnh nhiu hnh ch nht. Bn c th hin th cc vng nhn khc nhau ca bn v trn cc hnh ch nht . Mc ch phc v cho vic quan st bn v mt cch d dng hn. Vng nhn tnh ch c trong Model Space (MS).Mt s c tnh ca Tiled Viewport :

Khng quant trng l bn c bao nhiu khung nhn, chng lun lun c sp sp cnh nhau v ph kn ton mn hnh

Ti mt thi im ch c mt khung nhn Active. Khung nhn Active lun c vin m

Crosshair ch xut hin trn Active viewport

UCS (User Coordinate System) Icon lun xut hin ti tt c cc khung nhn

S thay i ca cc i tng bn v trn mt khung nhn s ngay lp tc s c th hin trn cc khung nhn cn li.

AutoCAD cho php bn to ra ti a 96 khung nhn

Bn c th bt u lnh t mt khung nhn v kt thc lnh mt khung nhn khc.

Ngoi ra bn cn c th ghi li cu hnh ca cc khung nhn, phc v cho mc ch khi phc li cc khung nhn nu mun.

Vng nhn ng (Floating Viewport)

Vng nhn ng ch c trong Paper Sapce (PS), bn ch s dng n khi mun th hin mt vng ca bn v trn MS trong PS. Theo mc inh, ch c mt Floating view (FV) trong mt PS. Tuy nhin bn c th to ra nhiu hn mt nu bn mun.

FV c mt s c tnh sau

Khng ging nh Tiled Viewport (TV), FV l mt Object tht, bn c th xo, move v stretch n. Bn c th hin th n trn layer ring bit, v cn c th bt tt ch hin th ng bao ca n. Chng khng in y mn hnh nh TV m bn c th t do thit k kch thc v v tr ca chng.Trong PS, Crosshairs khng b gi hn trong mt vng nhn ng.Bn c th thit lp s hin th ca UCS Icon trong tng FV

Bn c th to nhiu FV trong PS v chng s c lu li cng vi bn v.

Tt c nhng g bn v trn MS u c trong PS. Tri li, nhng g bn v trn PS ch tn ti trn PS, khng tn ti trn bn v khi bn tr v MS.

Sau khi bn v xong trong MS, bn chuyn sang PS v. Trn khng gian PS bn c th v thm or chnh sa cc Object trn MS bng cch Double click vo FV. Khi FV lm vic ging ht nh TV.

Khi nim : Tab Layout cho php truy sut n 1 vng c gi l Paper space. Trong paper space (PS), bn c th chn title block, to cc layout viewport, dimension v thm cc notes trc khi in bn v.PS v MS l 2 khng gian lm vic ring l. Trong PS ta c th tham chiu n 1 hoc nhiu vng ca MS vi cc t l khc nhau thng qua cc ca s (viewport).

Mc ch : Ngi ta thng s dng PS trong trng hp C nhiu hnh v vi t l khc nhau trn cng mt bn v (V k thut XD).Mun in hnh v vi cc gc nhn khc nhau trn cng mt bn v (v kin trc).

Mun in hnh v vi cc gc xoay khc nhau (in tuyn ng trong cu ng)

Cc bc

u tin ta v cc hnh v trn MS

Sau chuyn sang PS chn cc Note, dimension v cc leader.

Cc thao tc vi PS

Trong PS bn cng c th view, edit cc PS Object nh layout viewport v tile block.

Mc nh ca CAD, mt bn v c 2 layout tab, c tn l Layout1 v layout2. Tuy nhin n s c tn khc nu bn s dng cc template khc.Bn c th to mt layout bng cc cch sau :

Add new layout without setting sau s thit lp cc thng s cho n sau. S dng chc nng Creat layout wizard v thit lp ngay cc thng s cho n.

Import layout t mt bn v c sn (DWG or DWT)

Add a new Layout Click insert menu(Layout( New Layout. Enter the name of the new layout on the command line.

A new layout tab is created. To switch to the new layout, choose the layout tab.To import a layout from a template

Click Insert menu(Layout(Layout from Template.

In the Select File dialog box, select a DWT or DWG file to import a layout from ( Click Open.

In the Insert Layout(s) dialog box, select a layout to import.

A new layout tab is created. To switch to the new layout, click the layout tab.

To create a layout using a wizard

Click Insert menu ( Layout ( Layout Wizard.

On each page of the Create Layout wizard, select the appropriate settings for the new layout.

Trong PS, Ban cung co th : Duplicate a layout

Rename a layout

Delete a layout

Rearrange layout tabs

Make a layout current

Sctivate the previous layout

Click Select All Layouts.

Plot a layout2. Cac thao tac trn Viewport cua Paper Space 2.1. Tao cac Viewportu tin bn chuyn sang Paper Space, sau dng lnh MVIEW.Trong Layout, bn c th to nhiu ca s Viewport khc nhau, bn c th b tr, sp xp cc viewport theo mc ch ca bn. Theo mc nh, Autocad cho php bn to ti a l 64 viewports , ta c th thay i s lng viewport bng cch thay i bin h thng MAXACTVP. Trong Viewport ta cng c th v cc i tng bn v nh trong Model space. Ngoi ra ta cn c th tham chiu n mt vng bn v no ca Model Space vi mt t l t sn. tham chiu n mt vng no ca Model Space ta dng lnh MSPACE sau chn viewport m tat ham cn hiu chnh.S dng chc nng zoom t bn v trong Model Space vo Paper Space vi t l nh mong mun.. Ti y ta cng c th chnh sa, thm bt cc i tng ca mi trng Model Space. Cc thay i ny s c ghi li trong Model Space. quay v mi trng Paper Space ta nh lnh PSpace.2.2. Ct xen ng bao Viewport

Autocad cho php bn ct xn cc ng bin ca viewport phc v cho cc mc ch ring ca bn. Lnh Vpclip cho php bn ct xn thep mt hnh ch nht hay polygon bt k. C php nh sau :Ti dng lnh nh vpclip.

Select the viewport to clip : chn viewport cn ct xn. Enter d (Delete) to delete the clipping boundary : nhn D xa ng bin ct xn trc . Enter p (Polygonal) : nhn P to ng bin a gic ct xn mi. Specify points, or select the object, to define the new viewport boundary.

Shortcut menu Select the viewport to clip, right-click in the drawing area, and then choose Viewport Clip

2.3. Ty l trong tng Viewport

Bn c th t t l trong tng viewport bng lnh zoom nh ni trn, tuy nhin t vi mt t l chnh xc bng cch thay i t l ca viewport trong ca s Propertie (Ctrl_1).V d : gi s t l v trong bn v l 1 : 25, ta t trong Misc(Custom : 0.04.

Nu mun c nh t l cng nh khung nhn, bn chuyn la chn Display locked

2.4. Layer trong tng Viewport

Layer c th n hin trong tng Viewport khc nhau l khc nhau.

Ct th 4 (Freeze) : c chc nng ng (tan) bng cho tt c cc viewport.Ct th 12 (Freeze Viewport) : c chc nng ng (tan) bng cho tng viewport.Ct th 13 (Freeze Viewport) : c chc nng ng (tan) bng cho tt c cc viewport mi sp c to.2.5. n hin viewport

n hin viewport ph thuc vo trng thi thng s On trong th Misc ca ca s Properties khi ta chn ng bao ca ca s viewport.2.6. n hin ng bao viewport

n hin ng bao ca cc viewport, bn to ra mt layer mi cha ng bao ca viewport m bn mun n hin n. Sau , vic n hin ng bao s ph thuc vo trng thi bt tt ca layer cha ng bao.2.7. Scale LineTypeQun l t l Line Type trong Paper Space thng qua bin h thng Psltscale. PsLtScale = 1 : t l dng ng s c nhn vi t l phng ca viewport.

PsLtScale = 0 : t l dng ng s c gi nguyn nh trong Model Space cho d bn c phng in t l bao nhiu i chng na.

2.8. Cc hiu chnh khc i vi Viewport

Quay s hin thi trong Layout, dng thng hang cc khung nhn, to khung nhn mi, chnh t l khung nhn. Tham kho lnh MvSetup.3. Cac chu y khi in nhiu ti l trong mt ban ve

u tin tao cac Dim c ban. Cac dimstyle khac se c tao da trn dimstyle c ban ban u, bng cach thay i .

Cn chu y khi o kich thc, khoang cach t dim n i tng dim phai phu hp vi ty l in cua i tng o.

Cac thit lp Page setup ging nh trong Plot (xem phn sau).

Kt lun : Nhin chung, i vi ban ve cn in n vi ty l tuyt i chinh xac, cac ban ve kin truc cn ct xen khung nhin thi nn dung Paper space. Con i vi ban ve binh thng thi khng cn ve trn Paper Space

V. iu khin in n.Trong cc cng ty nh, sau khi hon thnh bn v, ngi ta nguyn c bn v mang ra qun in v thng nht vi qun in cc nt in.

Trong cc cng ty ln hn, sau khi hon thnh bn v, h s quy nh ng nt in. thng nht ng nt in, ngi ta s to ra mt file c ui l *.ctb nm trong th mc C:\Documents and Settings\User\Application Data\Autodesk\AutoCAD 2006\R16.2\enu\Plot Styles, sau s lu file ny li v copy cho tt c mi thnh vin trong cng ty. (file ny ta s nghin cu k hn phn sau)i vi cc cng ty c quy m ln, nhiu b mn chung mt xng in. Ngi ta s in bn v ra di dng file c ui *.PLT. File ny c th in bt k my in no m khng cn n phn mm AutoCad. N tng t nh khi ta chuyn cc file vn bn sang *.PDF in n. i vi cc loi file ny, ta khng cn quan tm n font, ng nt. V ung nt c t khi ra in ra file.1. Khai bo thit b in. in n, vo menu file (Plot hoc n t hp phm (Ctrl_P). Hp thoi Plot hin ra nh sau :

Trong mc Page setup(name l tn ca Page setup. Bn c th import Page setup t cc bn v khc. Page setup c lu cng vi file dwg. Sau khi bn khai bo xong tt c cc thng s bn di, bn n vo Command box Add thm mt Page setup vo trong bn v ca bn.Chn my in trong mc Printer/plot.Chn kch kh giy Paper size.

Chn vn in trong Plot area , s c 3 la chn nh hnh bn, ty theo mc ch s dng ca ngi in. Display : vng in l ca s hin hnh ca bn v.

Extents : vng in l c bn v.

Limits : vng in l vng limits ca bn v

Window : vng in l mt ca s m bn s nh ngha sau .

iu chnh l ca giy in trong Plot offset (origin set to ptintable area)

Xem trc khi in trong mc Preview.

iu chnh t l in trong Plot Scale.

iu chnh hng in (giy nm ngang hay thng ng) trong mc Drawing orientation.

iu chnh in n trong m hnh 3D

As displayed : nh hin th trn mn hnh.

Wireframe : theo m hnh khung dy (hin th ng bao ca i tng)

Hiden : b qua nhng i tng, nhng ng bao b che khut bi mt i tng khc.

Rendered : Render tt c cc object trc khi xut bn.

Plotstyle Table : iu khin nt in. y l phn quan trng nht.V d chn kiu nt in: A4.INKIEM.CTB. cc file ny c lu trong th mc C:\Documents and Settings\User\Application Data\Autodesk\AutoCAD 2006\R16.2\enu\Plot Styles.

Di y l ngha mt s kiu in c sn :

to mi, bn chn new. Hp thoi new hin ln nh sau :

Chn Start from scratch.

My s to ra file test.ctb

Bn vo nt Plot style table editor hiu chnh nt in

Color : Chnh mu ca cc nt v. Nu bn khng in mu th nn chuyn n thnh mu en. 2. In ra file *.PLT

Ch cn tch vo nt , sau bm nt lnh Plot, my s hi tn file vo ng dn ca file *.plt.Chng 3 : LM VIC VI D LIU (6 tit)

VI. Tham kho ngoi

1. Gii thiu v tham kho ngoi.

Tham khao ngoai la s lin kt mt ban ve bt ky (c goi la ban ve chinh) vi mt hay nhiu ban ve khac (goi la bant ve xref External references). Nu ta chen mt ban ve vao trong mt ban ve thi ban ve c chen se c inh dang la mt Block va se c lu cung vi ban ve chinh. Nu ta chinh ban ve c chen thi block se khng c cp nht lai. Nu ta chen mt ban ve vao trong nhiu ban ve khac di dang block thi vic cp nht block khi block o co vai s thay i se rt mt thi gian vi ta phai thay i lai cac block trong tt ca cac file a chen.Nhng nhc im trn se c khc phuc thi ta dung chc nng tham khao ngoai cua AutoCAD. Khi o ban ve tham khao se c lu ring, khi ban ve tham khao thay i thi tt ca cac ban ve tham khao n no se t ng thay i theo. Vic dung tham khao ngoai rt hu ich khi lam vic vi nhng d an ln. c bit la khi ta chia se tai nguyn ban ve trn mang.2. Chen mt xref vao ban veLnh Xattach

Lnh Xattach cho phep ta chen mt ban ve vao ban ve chinh di dang tham khao ngoai.

Command : Xattach

Hp thoai Select reference file hin ln. Ta chon file cn chen vao ban ve chinh. Sau o kich Open, hp thoai External Reference hin ln :

Browse : Thay i ban ve chen vao.

Found in : ng dn cua ban ve xref.Path type : quy inh kiu ng dn la tuyt i hay tng i, hay khng kem theo ng dn. Cac la chon nay quy inh Save path. Ban oc co th kim tra kt qua cua tng la chon cua minh trong Save path.Reference Type : kiu chen

Attachement : cho phep hin thi cac xref lng nhau.

Overlay : khng cho phep hin thi cac xref lng nhau.

Cac la chon v Intertion Point, Scale va Rotation tng t nh lnh insert.Lnh Xref.Lnh xref chen mt ban ve tham khao ngoai (ban ve xref) vao trong ban ve chinh.

Nut Tree View cho phep ta nhin cu truc cy cua xref. Danh sach c lit k theo bang ch cai. Cac xref lng c sp xp theo mc lng (hinh cy). Attach : chen mt xref vao ban ve chinh. Khi n vao nut lnh nay thi hp thoai External Reference hin ln (nh a trinh bay trn).

Deattach : huy bo xref c chon. Ban ve se nhe i rt nhiu Reload : oc lai file xref. Thng s dung khi file xref va co s thay i

Unload : G bo xref c chon ra khoi ban ve. Khac vi Deattach, Unload vn lu lai ng dn cua file xref. Nu ta mun oc lai file nay chi vic n vao nut Reload.

Bind : Quy inh s rang buc cua xref vi ban ve chinh. Bm vao hp thoi s hin ln (trnh by sau) Open : m file xref trong mt ca s mi, tng ng vi lnh Xopen. Ta c th thay i file xref, sau quay li bn v chnh cp nht lai (reload trong hp thoi Xref Manager) s thay i ca bn v xref. Thay i file bng nt Browse. Sau nhn Save path ghi li ng dnKhi bm vo nt Xbind ca hp thoi Xref Manager th hp thoi Bind Xrefs hin ln nh sau (phn nay cung tng ng vi vic dung lnh Xbind): Bind : cc i tng ca bn v xref s c ni tip vo bn v chnh Insert : cac i tng cua ban ve tham khao se khng la thanh phn cua ban ve chinh.3. M mt xref t ban ve chinhXopenXopen cho php ta m mt xref ra mt ca s ring.

Command: Xopen

Select Xref:

Chn xref m ra ca s ring.External Reference ( Open

Chn file xref trong hp External Reference sau kich nt open.

4. Hiu chinh xref t ban ve chinh.

T phin bn AutoCAD 2002 cho php ta sa file xref ngay trn bn v chnh sau lu tr li (Save back)4.1. Lnh Refedit (Reference Edit).

Identify referenceReference name : Chn tn xref cn sa, s cy s th hin c cc reference lng nhau. Lu l mi ln ta ch sa c mt xref, nu ta chn xref (VD drawing 1 nh hnh v) cha xref lng (drawing 2) sa th ta cng ch sa c xref cha xref lng (drawing 1) ch khng sa c xref lng (drawing 2). Do vy mun sa xref no ta chn xref sa.Path : Hin th ng dn ca xref m ta chn.Automaticlly select all nested objects : tt c cc objects trong file xref s c chn.Prompt to select nested objects : kch hot ch chn cc object trong file tham kho m bn mun sa.

Setting

Create unique layer, syle, and block names : Nt ny c chn th lp v k hiu c thay i (tn c tin t l $#$), tt c cc object trong file tham kho s nm trong layer ny. Nu nt ny khng c chn th cc tn layer, block v style s hin ln nh bnh thng.

Display attribute definitions for editing : Nu chn th cc thuc tnh s c hin th v ta c th sa chng, sau khi ta ghi li th cc thuc tnh trong bn v gc s thay i theo, cc thay i ch c th thin ra kha ta chn cc thuc tnh sa ra bn v.

Lock objects not in working set : Nu chn ch ny th tt c cc object ca bn v chnh s b kha li, chng ta khng th hiu chnh c chng. Khi tao sa mt file tham kho ngoi th cc i tng khc m ta khng chn sa s m i. Tuy nhin n ch m i khi bin shademode c t l 2D wireframe.Command: shademode

Current mode: 2D wireframe

Enter option [2D wireframe/3D

wireframe/Hidden/Flat/Gouraud/fLat+edges/gOuraud+edges] : 2D

4.2. Thm, bo bt cac i tng khoi working set (Lnh refset).Command: refset

Transfer objects between the RefEdit working set and host drawing...

Enter an option [Add/Remove] : a (chon them hay bo bt ban i tng)Select objects: Specify opposite corner: 1 found

Select objects:(1 Added to working set

4.3. Lnh refcloseSau khi hiu chinh xong ban co th ghi lai hay khng ghi lai cac thay i bng lnh Refclose.

Command: refclose

The following symbols will be added to Xref file:

Blocks: Ghe

Enter option [Save/Discard reference changes] : s

Regenerating model.

2 objects added to test

1 xref instance updated

test redefined and reloadedEnter option :

Save : ghi lai nhng thay i trong ban ve Xref.

Discard reference changes : khng ghi lai s thay i.. Nu ban chon ch ghi lai, xref se t ng reload lai. y la s khac bit gia lnh Xopen va lnh Refedit.

4.4. Mt s bin h thng lin quan n xref.Bin RefEditName : cha tn bn v tham kho ngoi ang c sa.Bin Xedit : iu khin bn v hin hnh c th c php sa i cc bn v tham kho hay khng. 0 : khng th s dng sa i file tham kho ti bn v chnh. 1: c th s dng sa i tham kho ti ch.Bin BindType : Bin iu khin cc tn tham kho c qun l nh th no kho rng buc hoc sa i trn bn v chnh. 0: theo phng php rng buc truyn thng (tn Xref|Symbol tr thnh Xref$0$Symbol). 1: theo phng php ging nh chn (tn Xref|Symbol tr thnh Symbol)Bin Xfadectl : Bin ny iu khin m nht ca cc i tng khng nm trong ca s chnh sa xref (Working set). Gi tr ca Xfadectl (Controls the fading intensity percentage) thay i t 0 n 90 (tng ng vi 0% m nht v 90% m nht)5. iu khin s hin th ca mt xref.

Ban co the iu khin s hin thi cua cac lp co trong xref ban co th chi nhin thy cac lp cn thit ma thi. Co mt s tinh nng cho phep ban iu chinh qua trinh hin thi cua xref, iu khin khung nhin xref, lam tng tc hin thi cua cac xref qua ln.5.1. Xref va cac thanh phn hin phu thuc.

Cc thnh phn ph thuc (Dependent Symbol) l cc mc c t tn trong c trong bn v, chng hn nh lp, kiu vn bn, kiu ghi kch thc, Khi bn gn (Attach) mt bn v th cc thnh phn ph thuc ny s c lit k trong bn v chnh. V d trong layer control s hin th cc lp ca xref. Cc thnh phn ph thuc c tn theo nh dng Xref_Name|Symbole_Name. H thng tn ny c gip ta phn bit cc thnh phn ca xref vi cc thnh phn ca bn v chnh.5.2. Xref va lp.

Bn c th bt tt hoc lm ng cc lp ca xref. Bn cng c th thay i cc thuc tnh thng qua hp thoai Layer Properties Manager. Theo mc nh th cc thay i ny ch c tnh tm thi. Khi bn m bn v ln sau th xref c ti vo bn v chnh v cc xc lp li tr li nh ban u. Tuy nhin bn cng c th lu gi cc xc lp ca bn bng cch thay i bin h thng Visretain bng 1. Bin ny s c ngha khi bn ghi bn v li, ngha l trc bn thay i bin ny nh th no i chng na, trc khi ghi bn v li AutoCAD s kim tra gi tr ca bin ny quyt nh c ghi li s thay i ca bn hay khng.5.3. Lnh Xbin.

Bn cng c th s dng lnh Xbind ch nhp cc thnh phn cn thit t bn v tham kho vo bn v chnh. iu ny s gip bn c th lm vic trc tip vi mt tp hp thng nht cc thnh phn trong bn v hin hnh v xref.

Chn i tng cn chuyn ri n phm Add-> chuyn sang bn v hin hnh. Tng t ta c th loi b cc i tng chuyn bng nt Templates-->New Label Template. Hp thoi Select a Database Object, chn mu lin kt s dng lm mu nhn. Click continue. Hp thoi New Label Template. Nhp tn mu nhn trong hp vn bn New Label Template Name. Nu bn c sn mt mu nhn, bn mun s dng n lm c s cho mu nhn mi, chn t danh sch th xung Start with Template. Click contine.

Cad s m hp thoi Label Template nh hp thoi Multiline Text Editor. Bn c th nh dng vn bn nh trong Multiline Text Editor. Trn Tab Label Fields, chn mt trng m bn mun xut hin trn nhn t danh sch th xung Field List, sau kch nt Add. Nu mun add thm trng vo nhn bn lp li cc bc trn. Trn Tab Label Offset, chn kiu canh l trong hp start. Nhp di X v Y trong hp Leader offset quy nh khong cch gia im u ca mi tn nh dng v im chn ca vn bn (mu khong cch ny qu b gn mi tn th mi tn s b bin mt). Nhp di X v Y trong hp Tip offset quy nh khong cch t im u ca mi tn n im chn ca cui mi tn trn i tng gn dnh.

Hiu chnh mt mu nhn : Chn t menu dbConnect(Template(Edit Label Template.

Chn mu nhn m bn mun hiu chnh trong hp thoi Select a Database Object.

Xa mt mu nhn : Chn t menu dbConnect(Template(Delete Label Template.

Chn mu nhn m bn mun xa trong hp thoi Select a Database Object.

10. To nhn.

Phn loi nhn : Nhn t do (attached Label): l nhn khng i km vi mt i tng no ca AutoCAD. Nhn gn dnh (Freestanding Label): l nhn nh km vi mt i tng no . Khi ta dch chuyn i tng lin kt, nhn gn dnh cng di chuyn theo.Cc bc to mt nhn nh km : M ca s Data View c mt mu lin kt v mt mhn lin kt c nh ngha v chn mt mu nhn to trong danh sch th xung Select a Label Template pha trn ca ca s.

Chn mt hoc nhiu bn ghi m bn mun lm nhn gn vi cc i tng trong bn v.

Chn menu Data View(Link and Label Setting(Create Attached Label.

Chn menu Data View(Link!

Chn mt hoc nhiu i tng m bn mun gn nhn ca bn vo.

Cc bc to mt nhn t do :

M ca s Data View c mt mu lin kt v mt mhn lin kt c nh ngha v chn mt mu nhn to trong danh sch th xung Select a Label Template pha trn ca ca s.

Chn mt hoc nhiu bn ghi m bn mun lm nhn gn vi cc i tng trong bn v.

Chn menu Data View(Link and Label Setting(Create Freestanding Label.

Chn menu Data View(Link!

Chn mt hoc nhiu i tng m bn mun gn nhn ca bn vo.

Mun xa nhn ta chn nhn cn xa t bn v, nhn nt delete trn bn phm.11. S dng query truy tm d liuBn c th truy tm d liu bng cc s dng ngn ng SQL. SQL l ngn ng c s dng hu ht trong tt c cc c s d liu tinh chnh v ly cc thng tin t c s d liu. Bn c th s dng query lm nhng vic sau :

Xem mt tp con ca mt c s d liu. Ly d liu t cc bng khc nhau ca c s d liu. To mt tp chn t hp thoi Link Select.

M hp thoi Query Editor, bn thc hin qua cc bc sau :

Menu dbConnect(Queries(New Query on a link Template. Chn mu nhn bn mun s dng trong hp thoi Select a DataBase Object. Click continue.

nh tn Query bn mun to trong hp New Query Name (bn c th chn mt query c sn nu c lm c s trong danh sch th xung Existing query names).

AutoCAD cho php ta s dng mt s m hnh SQL sau :

11.1. S dng Quick Query

Gii thch : Look up values : nu bn khng nh r gi tr ca trng bn c th nhn vo nt ny xem trc cc gi tr ca trng.

Indicate records in data view : nu c chn th tt c cc bn ghi c chn khi thi hnh query s c hin th trn data view. Indicate Objects in drawing : nu c chn th tt c cc objects lin kt vi cc bn ghi c chn khi thi hnh cng s c chn theo trn bn v.

Store : lu li query. Execute : thi hnh query.

11.2. S dng Range Query

Dng truy tm d liu c gi tr t From n gi tr Through.a. S dng Range Query

Nhm ngoc n gip bn nhm cc nhm iu kin li thnh mt nhm (nh cc php ton logic thng thng).

Fields in table : cc trng c trong bng c chn.

Show fields : cc trng s c hin th sau khi thc hin truy vn.

Sort by : trng s c ch nh sp xp.

11.3. S dng Range Query

Bn c th s dng ngn ng SQL vit cc truy vn theo mnh. Nt check s gip bn kim tra c php ca mnh

11.4. S dng Link Select

Link select cho php tao to ra mt tp chn s dng query.Cc bc to mt tp chn Link Select :

Ban u, ta chn trong menu xung Do la chn select.

To ra mt tp chn u tin ri nhn Execute. Sau ta li chn trong menu xung Do cc php ton logic. To ra cc tp chn th hai bng cch nhn Execute.VIII. Lm vic vi Raster Image

1. Tng quanBn c th chn cc nh scan (scanned Images) v nh k thut s (digital photographs) vo bn v. V bn cht, cc nh chn ny l tp hp cc im nh (Pixels), cn cc i tng (Object) trong AutoCAD l cc vector. Do vy cc nh chn s c kch thc ln v nng hn cc i tng ca CAD. CAD cho php bn c th zoom, pan cng nh in n bn v cha Images.

2. Chn nh (inserting images chn nh, ta chn insert(Raster image( chn file v ng dn ti n.

3. Qun l hnh nh (Managing images)Chn Insert(Image Manager m hp thoi Image Manager

Attach inserts an image, opening the Image dialog box

Detach erases the image from your drawing and deletes all reference to it in

the drawing database.

Reload redisplays an image after you have unloaded it.

Unload removes the display of the image but retains the reference to it. Later, you can reload the image to redisplay it.

Details provides you with a preview, as well as information about the image, its path, and its size.4. Ct xn nh (Clipping images)Mc ch : i khi ta khng cn hin th tt c hnh nh, ta ch cn hin th mt phn cu hnh nh. Vic xn bt hnh nh s lm cho bn v nh hn, tng tc zoom v pan cho bn v.

Cch lm : Modify(Clip(Image5. iu khin s hin th (Controlling image display)5.1. iu khin hin thChn Modify(Object(Image (hoc lnh IMAGEADJUST)

5.2. Cht lng nh (Image quality)Chn Modify(Object(Image(Quality (hoc lnh IMAGEQUALITY)

Lnh ny c tc dng cho tt c cc nh c trn bn v, chn High_Quality s lm cho bn v chm hn. Vi la chn ny CAD s chuyn ch in sang high quality

5.3. Image transparencyChuyn ch qun l nh t pixel sang ch nh nn. Modify( Object( Image( Transparency. Mc nh l OFF, bt ch ny, bn chuyn sang ON.

5.4. Bt tt ng bao ca nh (Image frame)Khi bn tt ch ng bao ca nh, bn s khng th chn c nh na. bt tt ch ny bn chn : Modify(Object(Image(FrameIX. Pasting, Linking, and Embedding ObjectsPhn ny chng ta s nghin cu s chia s d liu d AutoCAD v cc ng dng khc.Bn c th chn d liu (Text or Image) t cc ng dng ngoi bng cc phng php sau :

Embed : i tng c chn vo bn v s c kh nng tr v chng trnh ngun khi bn mun Edit chng. Ngha l khi bn double-click vo i tng , chng trnh ngun s c m ra v bn c th chnh sa chng.Paste : i tng (objects) s c chn vo bn v, s dng khi bn khng mun lin kt vi chng trnh ngun. Thng c s dng khi bn ch mun hin th chng m khng cn chnh sa, hoc nhng i tng c th c chnh sa bng AutoCADLink : i tng (objects) c chn vo bn v di dng ng link. CAD khng lu object m ch lu ng dn ti file cha Object . Khi file ngun b thay i th s thay i s c update vo trong AutoCAD file.Tt c cc la chn Pasting, Linking, and Embedding Objects u nm trong mc Option ca Paste special. Link v Embedding ging nh OLE (Object Linking and Embedding)

1. Embedding objects into AutoCADCch 1TAutoCAD, chn inertOLE Object m insert Object dialog box (hoc c th bng lnh INSERTOBJ). (The entries listed in this dialog box depend on the applications you have installed on your computer.)

To file mi, chn Create New (ng dng s c m ra (bn to d liu mi sau khi kt thc choose FileUpdate t ng dng . Sau ng ng dng li quay li vi AutoCAD.

Bn c th chn an existing file, chn Create From File. Click Browse tm file cn chn. Click Open. Chn Link link the data (described in the next section of this chapter). Chn OK. AutoCAD t file top-left cornerCch 2Chn ng dng ngun, Chn copyChuyn sang CAD, chn Edit(Pates special( chn embedding.Cch 3Bn ng dng ngun v Autocadnh du phn d liu mun chn vo trong CAD, gi Ctrl_drag vo trong CAD.

OLE objects c mt s nhc im sau :Nu chng cha tham kho ngoi hoc block th chng s khng c hin th v khng c in ra.Trong mt s trng hp, OLE objects c th b in ra bng my in h thng m khng qua iu khin in ca AutoCAD.

OLE objects khng b xoay cng vi bn v khi bn s dng Plot rotation. Tuy nhin bn c th xoay OLE objects bng cch iu chnh Lanscape setting trong my in h thng (the windows system printer)2. Linking dataCch lm :Chn ng dng ngun, Chn copy

Chuyn sang CAD, chn Edit(Pates special( chn linkLu :

Khi bn m file CAD c cha ng link, CAD s cho bn la chn Update file link c trong bn v.

Tuy nhin bn cng c th iu khin Update trong lc ang m bn v bng cch vo insert(Ole links.

Trong qu trnh lm vic, ai thay i ng dn file link ca bn, bn c th break link v change source.3. Pasting data into AutoCADM ng dng(copyM CAD(Edit(pate special( List hin ra ph thuc vo ng dng ngun.Chng 4 : TY BIN TRONG AUTOCAD (9 tit)X. Cc i tng shape. (1 tit)

1. Khi nim v Shape.Shape l mt object (i tng) c s dng nh l mt block. Shape cha cc i tng nh ng thng, cung trn c nh ngha trong file .SHP, l file dng vn bn ASSCII. s dng c trong bn v cc file ny phi c bin dch thnh cc file .SHX bng lnh Complie trong AutoCAD. Sau , s dng lnh Load ti file .SHX vo bn v, dng lnh Shape chn cc shape vo bn v (nh l s dng lnh insert khi chn block). Ta cng c th nh r t l, gc quay cho mi ln chn shape vo bn v. Ngoi ra, shape cn c d dng to cc font ch, to cc dng ng phc tp.Block linh hot hn v d s dng hn shape. Tuy nhin cc shape li hiu qu hn trong vic lu tr v v. N c ti nhanh hn so vi block v rt c ch khi bn v qu ln v khi tc l quan trng.Bn cng c th ti file Shape vo trong AutoCAD bng lnh load, hoc g b n khi AutoCAD bng lnh Purge.

Figure 1: Load shape file

Figure 2 : Purge shape files

Chn file shape cn g b sau n Purge.ng dng ca Shape : Dng tp cc font ch.

Dng tao ra cc dng ng phc tp.

Ngoi ra Shape cn c s dng nh Block.

Cch to ra cc Shape : chng ta nh ngha cc Shape trong file .SHP. Sau y trnh by cch m t mt Shape.

2. Cch m t shape trong file .SHP.

Cc shape trong AutoCAD c m t c th trong file .SHP v cc file c bin dch l .SHX. Ta c th s dng text editor hoc word processor to mi hoc sa cc shape trong shape file c v lu li thnh file c phn m rng l .SHP di dng in ASCII format.Mi file trong shape c m t bng nhiu dng, mi dng cha ti a 128 k t, nhng dng di hn s khng c bin dch. Cc dng ch thch bt u bng du chm phy. AutoCAD s t ng b i cc dng trng v chui k t bn phi du chm phy.C php m t mt shape trong file shape nh sau :

*shapenumber,defbytes,shapename

specbyte1,specbyte2,specbyte3,...,0 * : du sao quy nh bt u m t mt Shape mi. Shapenumber : s nh danh ca shape Defbytes : S lng cc byte m t ca shape

Shapename : Tn ca shape

Dng tip theo l cc bye m t (specbyte) shape, mi byte ngn cch nhau mt du phy. V kt thc bng s 0.

ShapenumberL s nguyn c gi tr t 1 n 255 (i khi ti 32768 i vi cc shape file dng to font unicode), s nguyn ny phi l duy nht, s nh danh ca 2 shape bt k trong cng mt file khng c trng nhau.Defbytes

S lng cc byte m t shape (S lng cc specbyte) bao gm c s 0 sau cng. Mt shape c ti a 2000 byte m t.Shapename

Tn ca shape bt buc phi l ch hoa. Tn cha k t thng s b b qua v thng c s dng lm nhn cho font shape.Specbyte

Byte m t. Bye ny c biu din di dng s thp phn hoc s thp lc. Nu s u tin l s 0 th hai ch s tip theo s l gi tr thp lc. C hai loi byte m t.

M vector (Vector Length and Direction Code) M c bit (Special Codes)Nghin cu c th tng loi Specbyte :

2.1. Vector Length and Direction Code (m vector).Mt byte m t (Specbyte) n gin cha cc di cc vector v hng ca chng c s ha trong mt bye. Mi m vector l mt chui bao gm 3 k t.K t u tin phi l s 0, do 2 k t tip theo biu din s thp lc phn.

K t th hai biu din chiu di vector. Gi tr t 1 (n v chiu di) n F (15 n v chiu di).K t th ba biu din hng ca vector. Gi tr t 1 (n v chiu di) n F (15 n v chiu di). Hnh sau y minh ha hng c s ha. Ch : Cc vector ny u c di l 1 n v.

V d sau xy dng mt shape c tn l DBOX vi s nh danh l 230.

*230,6,DBOX

014,010,01C,018,012,0

Dng trnh son tho NotePad to mt file vn bn c ni dung nh trn, sau ghi li vi tn l dbox.shp. S dng lnh Compile trong AutoCAD bin dch thnh file dbox.shx. S dng lnh Load ti file dbox.shx vo trong AutoCAD. Sau s dng lnh shape nh sau :

Command:shape

Enter shape name or [?]:dbox

Specify insertion point:1,1

Specify height :2

Specify rotation angle :0

Kt qu l ta v c hnh sau :

Trnh t v c miu t trn hnh v. im bt u v c ta (1,1). Trnh t v : 014,010,01C,018,012. S 0 sau cng kt thc chui m t.2.2. Special Codes (m c bit)Cc m c bit dng to cc hnh dng c bit. Mi m t c bit l mt chui 3 k t :K t u tin phi l s khng.

K t th hai phi l s khng.

K t ba xc nh chc nng (miu t trong bng lit k). Gi tr thp lc phn nhp vo t 1 n F (15).

Ch : cc m vn c th vit di dng thp lc phn hoc thp phn. VD 008 hay 8 u c ngha nh nhau. Di y trnh by m thp lc phn :

M thp lc phn ngha

000Kt thc chui m t shape

001Chuyn qua cc ch v

002Tt ch v, chuyn qua ch di chuyn bt v

003Theo sau m 003 l mt byte c gi tr t 1..255 xc nh t l v mi. Chiu di ca cc vector theo sau m 003 s c chia cho t l ny to ra chiu di thc trn mn hnh AutoCAD

004Theo sau m 004 l mt byte c gi tr t 1..255 xc nh t l v mi. Chiu di ca cc vector theo sau m 004 s c nhn cho t l ny to ra chiu di thc trn mn hnh AutoCAD

005Lu tr v tr hin ti vo trong ngn xp

006Ly v tr v c lu trc ra khi ngn xp

007M t subshape, S lng cc subshape s c m t trong byte k tip sau m ny

008V vector vi chiu di v hng bt k. Hai byte theo sau m ny quy nh di x v y.

00AV lin tip cc cung 45O. Hai byte theo sau n xc nh bn knh, s lng v chiu di ca cc cung ny.

00BV cung trn bt k. Nm byte theo sau m 00B s miu t cung trn c v.

00CV cung trn da vo h s cong.

00DV lin tip cc cung trn da vo h s cong.

00ES dng khi m t font ch. (s ni k trong phn sau)

Sau y ta xt chi tit vic s dng cc m c bit.M 000 : Kt thc chui m t.

Sau m 000 nh du kt thc chui m t ca mt shape. Ch sau s 0 phi n enter.

M 001 v 002 : Bt tt ch v.

001 : bt ch v (defaut in shape description). Cc m m tk tip m 001 s c v trn mn hnh.

002 : Tt ch v. Cc m m t sau m 002 s khng c v ln mn hnh. Nhng con tr v (bt v) vn di chuyn theo cc m m t sau n.V d : nh don m sau vo file example.shp ri dch thnh file .shx c ni dung nh sau :

*232,12,DBOX21044,040,04C,048,002,012,001,024,020,02C,028,0

Chng trnh s thc hin nh sau :

4 byte u 044,040,04C,048 s v mt hnh vung di cnh l 4 n v.

3 byte tip theo 002,012,001 : s tt ch v, chuyn sang ch di chuyn. Di chuyn mt on 012 sau li bt ch v.

4 byte k tip 024,020,02C,028 v hnh vung cnh l 2 n v.

M 003 v 004 : Thay i t l v.

Theo sau hai m ny l mt s nguyn t 1-255, quy nh t l v.

Nu l m 003 th t l v s c chia cho s ng sau n.

Nu l m 004 th t l v s c nhn vi s ng sau n.

V d : 004,10 : Cc nt v tip sau n s c di bng di m m t nhn vi 10.

V d : Ta cng v hnh DBOX2 trn nhng s dng m thay i t l:Ta gi hnh ny l DBOX22, on m m t DBOX22 nh sau.

*233,12,DBOX22(* Ve hinh va tip tuc oan ma y chu y th hin Ly lai ty l *)

Ma 005 va 006 : Lu va phuc hi vi tri cua con tro trong stack.Ma 005 y toa con tro ve vao stack (ngn xp) va ma 006 ly toa ra khoi stack va gan no cho toa con tro hin hanh (noi cach khac la phuc hi vi tri con tro a lu trong stack).Ngn xp ti a chi lu tr c 4 vi tri. Nu lu tr qua kha nng cua no AutoCAD se thng tran stack : Position stack overflow in shape nnn

Nu stack ang rng, ta c tinh dung 006 ly toa ra khoi stack. Khi ve shape nay AutoCAD se thng bao Position stack underflow in shape nnn.

Vi du : Ta ve hinh DBOX2 nhng co s dung code 005 va 006 nh sau :

( Ve hinh m ta )

Ma 007 : M ta subshapeMa 007 chu yu dung tao font ch. Ta se nghin cu ma nay trong phn tao font ch.Ma 008 va 009 : dich chuyn theo phng X va Y

Thng thng ma vector chi cho phep ta ve c trong 16 hng inh sn vi dai ti a la 15 n vi. Ta dung ma nay ve nhanh chong cac shape n gian, nhng khng th dung tao cac shape phc tap. Vi ma 008,009 ban co th ve vector co dai va hng khng gii han, bng cach s dung dich chuyn X,Y ( dich chuyn tng i so vi im ma con tro ve ang ng).Theo sau ma 008 la 2 byte quy inh di X,Y vi dang sau :

008,X-displacement,Y-displacement

di X-displacement,Y-displacement co gia tri trong khoang -128 n +127. Du (+) la khng bt buc. Chung ta cung co th s dung du ngoc n cho de oc va d kim soat :008,(X-displacement,Y-displacement)Vi du : (-10,3) m ta vector hng v trai 10 n vi va hng ln trn 3 n vi.

Khac vi ma 008 chi ve mt vector, ma 009 ve lin tip cac vector. Theo sau ma 009 la cac cp byte quy inh di (X,Y) va du hiu nhn bit kt thuc ma 009 la cp byte (0,0).Vi du : 009,(3,1),(3,2),(2,-3),(0,0) ve lin tip ba vector co di tng (3,1),(3,2),(2,-3).

Ma 00A : ve cung tron 45 .

Theo sau ma 00A la 2 byte inh nghia mt cung tron 45o (bng 1/8 ng tron). Cac cung c anh th t t 0 n 7 tinh theo vi tri u cua cung.Ma m ta cung tron nh sau :

10,radius,()0SC

Ban kinh (radius) co gia tri t 1 n 255.

Byte th 2 (-)0SC m ta :

Du (-) quy inh hng ve cua cung tron (ve ngc chiu kim ng h nu la dng, theo chiu kim ng h nu la m). 0 : Lun lun la 0, quy inh cac ky t sau no la h thp luc phn.

C : S lng cac cung tron 45o. Co gia tri t 0 n 7. Nu la 0 thi AutoCAD se ve ca vong tron (8 cung 45o) ban kinh radius.

Ma 00B : ve cung tron bt ky.

Ma 00B cho phep ve mt cung tron bt ky, khng nht thit phai bt u bng cac vi tri inh trc nh ma 00A.

00B,start_offset,end_offset,high_radius,radius,(-)0SC

Start_offset: Biu din di cua cung tron so vi im bt u ve c quy inh trc trong ma 00A (c anh s t 0-7). Gia tri cua start_offset c tinh bng cach ly gia tri cua goc hp bi im bt u ve cung theo 00B va im bt u ve cung theo 00A nhn vi 256 va chia cho 45. hay start_offset = s o goc * 256/45.End_offset : Biu din di cua im cui cung tron so vi im 1/8 ng tron tng ng. Gia tri cua end_offset cung c tinh tng t nh start_offsetRadius : ban kinh cua cung tron (t 1 n 255 n vi ).High-radius : Co gia t 0 n 255. S dung khi mun ve cung tron co ban kinh ln hn 255 n vi. Cach tinh nh sau : Ban kinh = High-radius*256+Radius.(-)OSC : M ta nh 00A. Dung xac inh cac gia tri start_offset va end_offset

Ma 00C va 00D : Ve ch phinh ra hoc cac cung tron c bit.Vi cac ma 00C va 00D ta co th ve c cac cung tron co hinh dang bt ky bng cach s dung h s cong cua cung tron. Ma 00C ve mt cung tron, ma 00D ve nhiu cung tron lin tip nhau.

Theo sau ma 00C la 3 byte m ta cung tron nh sau :

00C,X-displacement,Y-displacement,Bulge

X-displacement,Y-displacement : di cua im cui cua cung tron (Toa tng i cua im cui so vi im u) co gia tri t -127 n +127.Bulge : H s xac inh cong cua cung tron. Co gia tri t -127 n 127. Cach tinh nh sau : Bulge=(2*H/D)*127. D : Chiu dai dy cung.

H : Chiu cao cua cung

Du (-) ve theo chiu kim ng h. Du (+) hoc khng co du thi ve ngc chiu kim ng h.

Nu ma 00C chi ve mt cung tron thi ma 00D ve lin tip cac cung tron. Theo sau ma 00D la cac cp byte m ta cung tron c ve va kt thuc 00D bng mt cp byte (0,0).Vi du : 00D,(0,5,127),(0,5,0),(0,5,-127),(0,0)

(0,5,0) m ta mt ng thng co dai bng 5 n vi.

Ma 00E : M ta font ch theo phng thng ng.Ta se nghin cu ma nay trong phn sau.XI. To font ch

Hin nay AutoCAD cho php ta s dng 3 loi font ch. Font ch h thng (system font), phong ch s dng shape (shape font) v big font.

Font h thng :

Cu to : Gm cc vector bin, v gia c t bng thut ton fill

u im : system font p hn cc font khc.

Nhc im : Do system font c nhng vng t nn nng hn cc font khc. Tc ti sinh (render, pan, zoom) s rt chm.

INCLUDEPICTURE "../../Local%20Settings/Temp/scl3.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET Shape font :

Cu to bi cc shape trong c m t trong file .SHP.

u im : V cc k t trong font u l cc shape nn c ti nhanh hn, tc render c ci thin ng k nht l i vi cc bn v ln.

Nhc im : Khng p lm.Big font

Cu to :bi cc shape. Tuy nhin n c th l phn ni di ca cc shape font ni trn. Shape font c cha ti a 255 k t cn big font c th cha n 65535 k t.

1. To font ch SHX.

Font ch SHX c to ra v s dng trong AutoCAD. Mi k t ca font l mt shape c m t trong file shape. Trong shape number chnh l m ascii ca k t (t 0 n 255).

phn bit vi cc shape file khc, cc font ch phi c dng m t u tin nh sau :

*0,4,font-name

above,below,modes,0

Font-name : Tn font ch

Above : Khong cch gia ng top v ng Baseline

Below : Khong cch gia ng Bottom v ng Baseline.

Modes

0 : Ch vit theo phng nm ngang.

1 : Ch vit theo phng thng ng.

2 : Ch vit c theo c hai phng nm ngang v thng ng.

(v hnh minh ha vo y)

To mt v d minh ha font ch bao gm ch ABC. C th ly mt file font shape bt k ri minh ha.2. To big font.

Trong thc t, font ch ca mt vi ngn ng (ting Nht) cha hng nghn k t khng phi l m ACII. bn v cha cnhiu font nh vt AutoCAD cung cp mt dang file gi la big font file.

Big font file cng c miu t trong file .SHP v c dch thnh file .SHX. Dng u tin ca big font c dng nh sau :

*BIGFONT nchars,nranges,b1,e1,b2,e2,.

nchars : s lng gn ng cc k t trong Big font ny. Nu sai s ln hn 10% th tc truy xut s rt chm.

nrangs : s lng cc mim gi tr cha cc gi tr s dng lm m escape codes.

b1, e1, b2, e2,

b1, e1 l gi tr bt u v kt thc ca min gi tr th nht

b1, e1 l gi tr bt u v kt thc ca min gi tr th hai

V d .

3. To big font t file m rng.

Trong cc file kiu ch tng hnh chu , c nhiu khi c s dng li nhiu ln nh cc du trong ting vit (du s, huyn,). Cc khi ny c m t trong cc Subshape, c th dng li to cc shape khc nhau.

Dng u tin ca cc big font file m rng tng t nh big font file bnh thng :

*BIGFONT nchars,nranges,b1,e1,b2,e2,.

Dng th hai s gip nhn bit l big font m rng :

*0,5,font-name

character-height,0,modes,character-width,0

Font name : Tn ca big font

Character-height, character-width : Chiu cao v chiu rng hnh ch nht c s m t k t.

Modes

0 : Ch vit theo phng nm ngang.

1 : Ch vit theo phng thng ng.

2 : Ch vit c theo c hai phng nm ngang v thng ng.

Ch : m 00E (14) ch c tc dng khi gi tr modes bng 2.

Cc dng tip tho m t cc shape v dng m 007 chn cc subshape. Cc subshape cng phi c m t nh c shape thng thng khc.

*Shapenumber,defbytes,shapename

specbyte,,007,0,primitive#,basepoint-x,basepoint-y,width,height,spectbyte,,0

Shapenumber : s nguyn 2 byte, dng thp lc phn, v do , phi c thm s 0 pha trc.

Defbytes : s lng cc bye m t (specbyte) cn thit m t shape (k c s 0 sau cng). Gi tr shapenumber ca subshape (theo sau m 007) c tnh l 2 byte.

Shapename : Tn k t

Specbyte : byte m t

007,0 : 2 byte bt u on chn subshape

Primitive# : gi tr shapenumber ca shape.

basepoint-x,basepoint-y : thnh phn ta x,y ca im chn subshape.

Width, height : chiu rng, chiu cao ca subshape. Trc khi c chn, kch thc subshape s c thu nh bng 1 vung n v, sau n c phng to tng ng vi gi tr Width, height.

Spectbyte : cc byte m t ca subshape.XII. To cc dng ng (file linetype)1. Khi nim v phn loi dng ng.AutoCAD cung cp rt nhiu dng ng c sn. Cc dng ng ny c th l nt t, nt lin, hay cc ng tm, Cc dng ng ny c cung cp trong file .LIN. Ta cng c th t to ra cc file ny v lu li di nh dng Text v c ui l .LIN.

AutoCAD cung cp cc dng ng c sn trong file CAD.LIN, ACADISO.LIN .

Cc dng ng n gin c cu to t cc im(dot), on thng(dash) v khong trng c v i v li nhiu ln.

V d :

Nt gch di 0.5 n v bn v

Khong trng 0.25 n v bn v

Nt gch di 0.5 n v bn v

Khong trng 0.25 n v bn v

Mt im nh (nt gch di 0 n v bn v)

Khong trng 0.25 n v bn v

Ta phn dng ng lm hai loi : dng ng n gin v dng ng phc tp.

Dng ng n gin l cc dng ng ch bao gm cc on thng, khong trng v u chm.

Dng ng phc tp l cc dng ng khng ch cha cc on thng, khong trng, du chm m cn cha cc i tng khc nh phng ch hay cc i tng Shape.

2. To cc dng ng n gin.

C hai cch to dng ng n gin

Dng creat trong lnh -linetype To file m t dng m ACII c phn m rng .LIN.

2.1. Dng creat trong lnh -linetype.Command: -LINETYPE

Current line type: "ByLayer"

Enter an option [?/Create/Load/Set]: CCreate

Enter name of linetype to create: nameDuong co ten la name

Wait, checking if linetype already defined...(Hp thoi Creat and Append linetype file hin ln bn di).Chn tn file s to mi hoc m file .LIN c sn ghi ng li ng ny

Descriptive text: Duong tamTn ng s hin trong hp linetype manager

Enter linetype pattern (on next line):Nhp vo cc byte m t dng

ng

A,0.5,0.5,-0.25,0,-0.25

Quy c m t dng ng trong linetype.

Dng ng c bt u bng ch A. Ch A ny quy nh kt thc i tng bng gch lin.

Gi tr dng quy nh chiu di nt gch lin.

Gi tr m quy nh di khong trng.

S 0 quy nh on thng c di bng 0 hay nt chm (dot).

Nh vy dng ng c m t trong file sample1.lin trn c dng sau :

Ch : M A (alignment) quy nh cch v cc dng ng ti cc im cui ca cc i tng v. M Alignment l t ng a vo trong nh ngha file .LIN.

Dng bnh thng.

Dng thu ngn li.

Di ko di ra.

Dng qu ngn (bin i tng thnh nt lin).

2.2. To linetype bng cch son tho trc tip trong .LIN

Mi dng ng trong file .LIN c m t trong hai dng :

*linetype_name,description

A,descriptor1,descriptor2, ...

Du * t trc tn dng ng l bt buc.

Linetypename : Tn ca ng, s hin ln trong linetype manager.

Description : Chui m t c th c hoc khng c v di khng qu 47 k t.

A : quy nh kt thc i tng v bng nt gch lin.

Descriptor 1,2,.. : Byte m t dng ng (nh trnh by trn).

XIII. Dng ng phc cha i tng shape

Cch m t cc nt gch khong trng v du chm tng t nh trong file m t dng ng n gin. C php m t mt dng ng ging nh dng ng n gin. i vi dng ng c cha i tng shape th ta ch vic thm vo on m t dng ng mt c php m t shape nh sau :[shapename,shxfilename] or [shapename,shxfilename,transform]Shape name : Tn ca i tng v shape. Nu tn ca i tng khng c trong file shape, AutoCAD s xem nh khng c phn m t v i tng shape trong dng ng.

Shxfilename : Tn ca file .shx cha i tng shape cn chn vo dng ng. Cn phi ch r tn, ng dn, nu khng AutoCAD s tm trong th mc mc nh cha cc file .SHX : \Documents and Settings\[user name]\Application Data\Autodesk\AutoCAD 2005\R16.0\enu\Support.Transform : L mc ty chn, gm cc thng s tng ng vi php bin hnh khi chn i tng shape v dng ng. Gi tr ca transform c m t trong bng di y, mi thng s c cch nhau bi du phy.

Gi tr ca cc thng s Transform.Gi tr ngha

R=##Relative rotationGc quay tng i ca shape so vi ng thng c v.

A=##Absolute rotationGc quay tuyt i so vi trc OX ca h ta WCS.

S=##ScaleH s t l (ca shape c chn vi shape c m t trong shape file).

X=##X offset di theo phng ng thng (X n v)

Y=##Y offset di theo phng vung gc vi ng thng. (Y n v). (X,Y c th l s m)

V d :

Dng lnh load ti file ltypeshx.shx vo bn v, sau nh lnh Shape chn shape c tn l bat v bn v. Hnh ca bat hin ln nh sau :

M file LT_Sample.LIN ra v nh them 3 linetype sau :*BAT1LINE, --- [BAT1] --- [BAT1] --- [BAT1]

A,38.1,-38.1,[BAT,ltypeshp.shx,S=5],-12.7

*BAT2LINE, --- [BAT2] --- [BAT2] --- [BAT2]

A,38.1,-38.1,[BAT,ltypeshp.shx,S=5,R=0,X=-20.0],-12.7

*BAT3LiNE, --- [BAT3] --- [BAT3] --- [BAT3]

A,38.1,-38.1,[BAT,C:\sample\ltypeshp.shx,S=5,y=-6.0,r=90,X=-6],-12.7Hnh dng cc linetype trn hin theo th t nh sau :

Ch : tn linetype khng nht thit phi vit hoa. Th t cc transform khng nht thit phi c nh.1. Dng ng phc c cha i tng ch.C php m t i tng ch trong dng ng phc tp nh sau : (* ch trong AutoCAD 2005, c php to dng ng c cha cc k t c khc so vi cc phin bn trc, n yu cu nght ngho hn cc phin bn trc).["text",textstylename,scale,rotation,xoffset,yoffset] Text : chui k t c chn vo.

Style : Tn kiu ch m AutoCAD s ly nh dng cho text. Scale,rotation,xoffset,yoffset : Tng t nh trn cc thng s ca transform.V d :*HOT_WATER_SUPPLY1,---- HW ---- HW ---- HW ---- HW ---- HW ----

A,.5,-.2,["HW",STANDARD,S=.1,R=0.0,X=-0.1,Y=-.05],-.2

Kt qu ta c dng ng nh sau :

Ch : Nu s=0 th text s ly theo font v c c ch (height) bng 1.XIV. To cc mu mt ct.

1. File mu mt ct.

Mu mt ct c AutoCAD miu ta trong file co phn m rng .PAT. Ta co th s dung cac mt ct co sn c m ta trong cac file ACAD.PAT va ACADISO.PAT hoc t tao cac mu ring lu lai trong file .PAT di inh dang ACII file. Chu y, khac vi dang ng, mi file dang mt ct chi cha c mt dang mt ct va tn file phai trung vi tn mt ct.

Mc inh *.pat c lu trong th muc \Documents and Settings\[user name]\Application Data\Autodesk\AutoCAD 2005\R16.0\enu\Support.

Sau khi to xong cc dng mt ct trong cc file ring l. Bn c th copy on m t mt ct trong cc file ny vo cc file Acad.Pat hoc AcadIso.Pat, b xung chng vo mc Patern trong lnh BHatch.Cng ging nh dng ng, ta chia dng mt ct thnh hai loi : Mt ct n gin v dng mt ct phc tp.

Mu mt ct n gin l mu ch cha mt dng ng thng.

Mu mt ct phc tp l mu gm nhiu h ng thng hp thnh.

2. To mu mt ct n gin.Mt mu mt ct trong file .PAT c m ta bng nhiu dong lin nhau. Cu phap m ta nh sau : *pattern-name[, description]

angle, x-origin,y-origin, delta-x,delta-y [, dash1, dash2, ...]

Pattern name : Tn mt ct se m ta, khng c cha khoang trng. Description : Phn m ta (Khng bt buc) va khng c vt qua 80 ky t Angle : Goc cua ng ct.

x-origin : Hoanh x cua im chun dung ve mu mt ct. Thng thng ta s dung im gc co toa (0,0)

y-origin : Tung cua im chun dung lam gc toa .

delta-x : di cua ng ct theo phng phng ng thng. delta-y : di cua ng ct theo phng vung goc vi phng ng thng. dash1, dash2, ... : Chi s dung khi cac ng ct la dang ng khng lin tuc. Cac gia tri nay m ta dang ng o (bao gm net gach va khoang trng).Vi duTao file co tn L123.PAT ni dung nh sau

*L123, proposed future trailers

0, 0,0, 0,0.5

Tao file co tn L124.PAT ni dung nh sau

*L124, proposed future trailers

90, 0,0, 0,1

*L125, proposed future trailers

0,1,0,1,2,-3,1

3. To cc mu mt ct phc tp.Mu mt ct phc tap c tao t nhiu ho ng khac nhau (line family). Cac ho ng nay c m ta trn mt dong vao tap thanh mt mt ct phc tap.Vi du :

oan m ta sau tao ra mt mt ct nh hinh ve

*lightning, interwoven lightning

90, 0,0, 0,.5, .5,.25

*lightning, interwoven lightning

0, .25,.5, 0,.75, .25,.25

*lightning, interwoven lightning

90, .25,.5, 0,.5, .5,.25

Va oan ma sau m ta mt mt ct phc tap tao bi 3 ho ng trn :*lightning, interwoven lightning

90, 0,0, 0,.5, .5,.25

0, .25,.5, 0,.75, .25,.25

90, .25,.5, 0,.5, .5,.25

XV. Menu.

1. Menu v file menu.

1.1. Cc loi menuC tng cng c 10 loi menu

Cc menu (pulldown menu): l menu nh file, edit,

Cc menu ng cnh (shortcut menu): l menu hin ln khi ta n phi chut ti v tr trn bn v.

Cc thanh cng c (toolbar). Ci ny th ai cng bit ri.

Cc menu hnh nh (Image menu) : l menu hin ln nh khi ta vo mc Draw(Surfaces(3d surfaces.

Cc menu mn hnh (Screen menu) : menu ny c hin ln khi ta vo Tools option(Display(Window element(Display screen menu.

Cc menu thit b chut (Auxiliary menu) : menu ny l cc thit b chut nh ta bm ctrl+chut tri, ctrl+chut phi.

Cc thit b khc ca h thng nhp (Button menu): y l menu phc v cho cc thit b khc ca h thng nhp nh bt in t.

Cc bng nhp s ha (tablet) : menu dnh ring cho cc bng s ha ca cad. Ci ny ti cng mi nhn thy ln u ti trin lm tin hc thng 11 va ri ( cn gi l tablet digital).

Cc chui ch thch status (helpstring): Ci ny th ai cng bit ri. Khi ta chuyn con tr ln cc menu , s xut hin cc dng ch thch thanh trng thi (status).

Cc phm nng (shortcu key). V d ctrl+o(Open, v.v

1.2. Cc loi file menuChng ta c cc loi file menu sau :

*.mnuFile menu mu, y l file m ACII m bn c th hiu chnh trc tip trn n.

*.mnsy l file menu ngun c pht sinh bi AutoCAD da trn file *.mnu. Cu trc file ny n gin hn mnu mt cht nhng v c bn l ging. Bn cng c th hiu chnh trc tip trn file ny. Khi bn thay i cc phm tt, hoc thay i cc toolbar, ngay trong CAD th CAD s ghi li s thay i trn file ny. Ch khng ghi vo file *.mnu. CAD s khng can thip vo File *.mnu v n coi file ny l file ca ngi dng to ra.

*.mncL file bin dch m nh phn ca AutoCAD. AutoCAD s bin dch file mns trn thnh file file mnc my c th ti v s l nhanh hn.

*.mnrFile nh phn cha cc nh bitmap c s dng cho menu nh.

*.mnlFile acci cha cc chng trnh Autolisp i km vi menu. N s t ng c ti ln nu c cng tn vi file *.mnc

Cc file trn to thnh h cc file menu (family menu files).

Khi mt file menu c ti, n s c ng k ln registry v ln sau khi khi ng AutoCAD n s ti li file menu ny.

Quy trnh ti mt menu nh sau :

1.3. Ti, g b mt menuLnh Menuload dng ti mt menu vo AutoCAD. Ta cng c th iu chnh s hin th ca cc menu trn hp thoi Customization Menu.

Lnh Menu cho php ta ti mt menu vo AutoCAD, khc vi mnh Menuload trc khi trc khi ti menu th n g b tt c cc menu hin hnh trong AutoCAD.

Ch khi ti file *.mnu, cc thay i ca toolbar s bin mt. V CAD s dch file *.mnu thnh file *.mns v khi file *.mns ca bn s bin mt, ng ngha vi iu l cc thay i trong toolbar ,shortcut key ca bn cng bin mt theo.

V cc menu th ta phn bit hai loi menu l menu chnh v menu tng phn.

Menu chnh l cc menu c ti u tin bng lnh menuload. Hay cc menu c ti bng lnh menu trong dng lnh command ca CAD.

Menu chnh khc menu tng phn ch : Menu chnh c ti ton b vo CAD. Cn cc menu tng phn cc phn v AUX menu v Buttom menu s khng c ti.

2. Ty bin mt menu2.1. Cu trc mt file menuThng thng mt file menu gm 9 phn.

Mi file menu se m ta mt nhom menu va dong u tin se quy inh tn cua nhom o. Cu phap m ta nh sau :

***Menugroup=namegroup.

Phn 2 : cha cc button menu v cc auxiliary menu. Cc menu ny dng iu khin cc thit b chut v cc thit b h thng khc nu c.

Phn 3 : cc menu pop, l cc menu

Phn 4 : cc menu toolbar, l cc dng m t cc thanh cng c

Phn 5 : cha cc dng m t menu Image

Phn 6 : m t cc menu mn hnh (screen menu)

Phn 7 : m t cc bng s ha (tablet)

Phn 8 : cc dng m t cc shortcut key

Phn 9 : cc dng quy nh cc dng tr gip (tatus string).

Cac ghi chu c bt u bng du //

Mi phn gm mt hoc nhiu section (hoc cung co th khng co). Mi section la mt nhom cac menu co chc nng tng t nhau (thng thng la th). Mi section gm co 3 phn.

Phn 1 : tn cua section. Tn ca section c bt u bng ba du sao.

Tn cua sectionThanh phn menu tng ng

***ButonsnMenu cua cac thit bi tro khac.

***AUXnMenu thit bi chut

***PopnCac popup menu hoc cac menu ng canh (shortcut menu)

***ToolbarsCac thanh cng cu

***ImageCac menu hinh anh

***ScreenMenu man hinh

***TabletnCac bang s hoa

***HelpStringsCac chui tr giup trn thanh trang thai

***AcceleratorsCac phim nong

Phn 2 : Tn ca menu, Tn ca menu bt u bng 2 du sao v yu cu phi l duy nht. Tn nay dung lin kt cac muc cua cac menu khac, cac thanh cng cu, cac dong tr giup va cac menu hinh anh. Tn ca menu khng c co nhiu hn 12 ky t va khng c cha khoang trng. Nu khng chung se bi bo qua. Phn 3 : nhn v tn ca nhm menu. C php m t n nh sau :

ID_NameLabel [dong mo ta se hien len tren man hinh]

Phn 3 : cc menu thnh phn. C php m t mt menu item nh sau :

ID_NameLabel [name]menu_macro

Trong : name l tn s xut hin ln mn hnh ca menu item. Menu_macro l nhng macro c thi hnh khi menu ny c chn.

Quan st mt v d trong file acad.mnu nh sau

***POP1Section name

**FILENenu name

ID_MnFile [&File]Menu ID v dng m t ca menu s xut hin trn mn hnh (nh file,edit,draw,)

ID_New [&New...\tCtrl+N]^C^C_new

ID_NewSheet [Ne&w Sheet Set...]^c^c_newsheetset

ID_Open [&Open...\tCtrl+O]^C^C_open

ID_OpenSheet [Op&en Sheet Set...]^c^c_opensheetset

ID_DWG_CLOSE [&Close]^C^C_closeCc dng tip theo m t cc mc chn (hay cn gi l cc menu thnh phn menu item)

2.2. Menu Macroy l phn quan trong nht trong menu v tt c loi menu u c cha n.

Menu macro l mt chui cc k t cha tn lnh s c gi khi MenuItem c chn. Th t ca cc tham s trong menu macro ging nh th t xut hin cc tham s ny ti dng nhc lnh command ca AutoCAD.

Cc quy c dng trong menu macro.

K tM t

Space bar, du ;Du enter trong AutoCAD

Space barL khong trng khi ang nhp text

du \Tm dng user nhp s liu, c th l nhp mt im bng kich chut hoc nhp mt gi tr

Du +Dng khi dng m t qu di, Mun m t tip dng k tip ta t du + cui dng

Du *t u macro, sau ^C^C, s lp i lp li lnh n khi ta n ESC hoc chn Menu Item khc

^CHy tt c cc lnh ang hot ng (Escapse)

^PTt tt c cc hin th ca macro trn mn hnh. (Bin h thng MenuEcho thnh on,off).

^MK t ENTER (Ctrl+M)

^BChuyn i (tt/m) cc ch hin th ta con tr (Ctrl+B)

^EChuyn v tr si tc con tr trn mn hnh v mt trong 3 v tr trong mt phng trc o (Ctrl+E)

^GChuyn i ch hin th li (Ctrl+G)

^HTng t nh phm BackSpace., dng xa k t trc noa ca dng lnh command.

^OChuyn i ch V vung gc (Ortho).

^TChuyn i chc nng nhp t bng nhp tablet (Ctrl+T)

^ZK t rng, t ng thm khong trng vo cui Menu Item.

//Quy c bt u ca chui ch thch.

V d 1 :

ID_ArcStCeAn [S&tart, Center, Angle]^C^C_arc \_c \_a

Phn tch v d:

S&tart, Center, Angle : Hin th trn menu : Start, Center, Angle^C^C : Hy tt c cc lnh trc n._arc : Bt u v mt cung trn, c cho php chuyn i gia cc version c ngn ng khc nhau.khong trng tng ng vi phm enter.

\ : tm dng ngi dng nhp vo ta mt im trn mn hnh.

_c : Chn option center, cho php chuyn i gia cc version c ngn ng khc nhau.\ : tm dng ngi dng nhp vo ta mt im trn mn hnh.

_a : Chn mt option angle, c cho php chuyn i gia cc version c ngn ng khc nhau.

V d 2

ID_MoveRight [Move .1 Right]^C^Cselect \move previous ;.1,0 ;Phn tch v d:

^C^C : Thot mi lnh ang s dng.

Select : Bt u select command.Du cch th hin enter, kt thc lnh select.

Sau s dch chuyn cc object chn sang Phi 0.1 n v bn v

V d 3on macro sau y s chuyn ng polyline c chn thnh ng polyline c b rng 0.1 n v.

^C^Cpedit \w .1 ;V d 4Bn c th s dng macro sau t ng v 4 ng trn vi bn knh v tm c nh sn, v dng qu di ta phi vit lm 2 dng nn ta thm du cng cui.

^C^Ccircle 2,2 1.5 circle 6,2 1.5 circle 10,2 1.5 circle +

14,2 1.52.3. Pull-down Menu2.3.1. Section ca Pull-down menuPuldown menu c khai bo t section Pop1 n pop499. mi section c th c mt hoc nhiu menu (thng thng l cha 1). Trong mi menu c th co ti a 999 mc menu item. AutoCAD se bo qua nhng menu item vt qua gii han trn. Nu man hinh khng u ch cha ht cac menu item thi AutoCAD se t ng ct bt i va vi kich thc man hinh va hai hinh mui tn ln xung se c xut hin.

Pulldown chia lam hai loai.

Loai th nht co section t pop1 n pop 16. Cac menu nay se c t ng tai vao vi tri cua no trn man hinh. Nu section ny m c nhiu hn mt menu th ch menu u tin mi c ti vo mn hnh.

Loai th hai co section t Pop17 n pop 499. Cac menu nay se khng t ng c tai vao man hinh. Tuy nhin ta vn co th tai no vo mn hnh bng lnh menuload hoc bng chc nng menu swapping.

2.3.2. Tiu ca pull-down menui vi cc pull-down menu, tiu ca mc chn u tin s c s dng lm tiu xut hin trn thanh menu. Cn cc dng m t tip theo s l nhn, tiu v macr