AdroddiAd BlynyddolAnnuAl report

2015–2016

Canolfan UwChefrydiaU Cymreig a Cheltaidd Prifysgol CymrU

University of wales Centre for advanCed welsh and CeltiC stUdies

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It is an honour and a pleasure for me to report on an extremely pro-ductive year’s work at the Centre. Our network of partnerships continues to expand, providing new opportunities for exciting interdisciplinary ventures. And alongside their purely academic work the staff have been very busy presenting the fruits of their research through a range of public outreach activities.

The ‘Atlantic Europe in the Metal Ages’ project ended in April with the launch of an online database encompassing an enormous body of linguistic and archaeological infor-mation which will provide a basis for further work in a rapidly developing field. The third volume in the Celtic from

the West series has also been published, and we congratulate Professor John Koch and his team of researchers on work which is throwing important new light on the early history of Europe.

Two other projects which finished this year were the one on the correspondence of Thomas Stephens, and the one on European travellers to Wales in partnership with the universities of Bangor and Swansea. Both projects held conferences and outstanding exhibitions to present their work to the public.

‘The Cult of Saints in Wales’ team is continuing with the core task of editing the texts, and has also begun public outreach through a series of workshops on local saints in Bangor, Llantwit Major, St Davids and Holywell. And we recently received the good news that the Arts and Human-ities Research Council (AHRC) will fund a follow-on project on the Latin Lives of the saints of Wales from 2017 onwards in partnership with the University of Cambridge.

‘Curious Travellers’, our project on Thomas Pennant’s tours in Wales and Scotland, has followed a similar pattern, the study of travellers’ letters and manuscripts proceeding alongside collaborations with authors and artists who have been creating new work in response to the tours. It was good to able to hold a joint conference with the Euro-pean travellers project, and also days on geology with the National Museum of Wales in Cardiff and on landscape at the Museum of Modern Art in Machynlleth.

The staff of Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru have been busy add-ing hundreds of new words which reflect the expansion of

Braint a hyfrydwch yw cael cyf-lwyno adroddiad ar flwyddyn gyn-hyrchiol dros ben yn y Ganolfan. Mae ein rhwydwaith o bartner-iaethau’n ehangu o hyd, gan gynnig cyfleoedd newydd ar gyfer mentrau rhyngddisgyblaethol cyff-rous. Ac ochr yn ochr â’r gwaith academaidd pur bu staff y Ganol-fan yn brysur iawn yn cyflwyno ffrwyth eu hymchwil trwy amryw weithgareddau cyhoeddus.

Daeth prosiect ‘Ewrop Môr Iwerydd yn Oesoedd y Metelau’ i ben ym mis Ebrill gyda lansio cronfa ddata ar lein sy’n crynhoi corff enfawr o wybodaeth ieithyddol ac archae-olegol a fydd yn sail ar gyfer gwaith pellach mewn maes sy’n datblygu’n gyflym. Cyhoeddwyd y drydedd gyfrol yn y gyfres Celtic from the West yn ogystal, a llongyfarchwn yr Athro John Koch a’i dîm o ymchwilwyr ar waith sy’n taflu goleuni pwysig ar hanes cynnar Ewrop.

Dau brosiect arall a orffennodd eleni oedd yr un ar oheb-iaeth Thomas Stephens, a’r un ar deithwyr Ewropeaidd i Gymru mewn partneriaeth â phrifysgolion Bangor ac Aber-tawe. Cynhaliwyd cynadleddau ac arddangosfeydd nodedig gan y ddau brosiect i gyflwyno’r gwaith i’r cyhoedd.

Mae prosiect ‘Cwlt y Seintiau yng Nghymru’ yn parhau gyda’r gwaith craidd o olygu’r testunau, ac wedi dechrau estyn allan at y cyhoedd trwy gyfres o weithdai ar seintiau lleol ym Mangor, Llanilltud, Tyddewi a Threffynnon. Ac yn ddiweddar daeth y newyddion da y bydd Cyngor Ymchwil y Celfyddydau a’r Dyniaethau (AHRC) yn ariannu dilyniant i’r prosiect ar fucheddau Lladin seintiau Cymru o 2017 ymlaen mewn partneriaeth â Phrifysgol Caer-grawnt.

Tebyg oedd hi yn achos ‘Teithwyr Chwilfrydig’, ein prosiect ar deithiau Thomas Pennant yng Nghymru a’r Alban, gyda’r gwaith o gasglu llythyrau a llawysgrifau teithwyr yn mynd rhagddo ochr yn ochr â chydweithio gydag awduron ac artistiaid sydd wedi creu gwaith celf newydd mewn ymateb i’r teithiau. Da oedd gallu cynnal cynhadledd ar y cyd â phrosiect y teithwyr Ewropeaidd, a hefyd ddiwrnodau ar ddaeareg yn Amgueddfa Cymru yng Nghaerdydd ac ar dirwedd yn yr Amgueddfa Celf Fodern ym Machynlleth.

Mae staff Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru wedi bod wrthi’n brysur yn ychwanegu cannoedd o eiriau newydd sy’n adlew yrchu datblygiad mawr yr iaith Gymraeg dros y degawdau diwethaf. Ac o ran cyfrwng hefyd mae cyfoesedd y Geiriadur

Adroddiad y Cyfarwyddwr Director’s Report

Yr Athro / Professor Dafydd Johnston

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the Welsh language in recent decades. And the Dictionary has also been updated in terms of its medium with the pub-lication of apps which were launched at Penweddig School in February. The apps are freely available, thanks to a gen-erous grant from the Welsh Government, and they have already been downloaded by nearly three thousand people.

Several of our previous projects continue to make their mark, as was evident in the day conference on Gutun Owain and his manuscripts, the latest in our long-running series of Poets of the Nobility fora, and also in the ‘Revolution!’ exhibition which was held in Cardiff Bay in partnership with the National Library’s Political Archive.

Our partnership with the National Library is of great value to us in a number of ways, and we are grateful to Linda Tomos and her staff for all their cooperation. The Dictionary

of Welsh Biography is an important public service maintained jointly by the Centre and the Library, and it is very good to see the improvements made to that website this year. The relocation of the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales to the National Library building this year has led to a concentration of heritage expertise on the site, and we look forward to opportunities for closer collaboration with staff of the Commission.

An exciting development in the field of place-names is the new Leverhulme-funded project, ‘Flood and Flow: Place-Names and the Changing Hydrology of River-Systems’. We are delighted to have the opportunity to contribute evidence from Wales to this interdisciplinary collaboration in partnership with the universities of Leicester, Notting-ham and Southampton.

We had the pleasure of celebrating the success of two of our first students who gained their doctorates this year, Martin Crampin and Emily Pennifold, and also of welcoming four new students who commenced their studies in October.

I am very grateful for the support of the Centre’s Board of Directors chaired by Arwel Ellis Owen, and for the ready

assistance provided by officers of the University of Wales, par-ticularly Richard Curtis, Mark Rainey, Robert Brown and the Vice-Chancellor Professor Med-win Hughes.

The Cult of Saints in Wales

Work on the editions of medieval texts advances on all fronts ahead of digital publication during 2017. The team has grown somewhat since the inception of the project, partly as a result of the various movements of staff recorded in previous reports, and it is worth acknowledging contribu tors to the various strands of the edition:

Eurig Salisbury (now of Aberystwyth University), Professor Ann Parry Owen, Dr Jenny Day, Professor Dafydd Johnston and Pro-fessor Barry Lewis (now of the Dublin Institute of Advanced Studies) are providing texts and trans-lations of poems about, and addressed to, saints.

Dr Alaw Mai Edwards, Pro-fessor Jane Cartwright and

Jenny Day are working on Welsh-language prose Lives of saints, native and international.

Barry Lewis is contributing a major new edition of ‘Bonedd y Saint’, a medieval genealogical text from north-west Wales, and we have also recruited to our number Ben Guy, who has prepared – as part of his Cambridge PhD studies – a new edition of ‘Plant Brychan’, detailing the genealogies of the pre-eminent saintly family of Breconshire.

Various other scholars are also revising versions of work already published so that they can be included in our digital edition.

Meanwhile Dr Martin Crampin and Dr David Parsons have been working on materials for the ‘Seintiadur’, the saint-by-saint register of current knowledge and recent work, which is linked to the editions of the texts. All of this material is due to be launched at an event in the National Library of Wales on 3 June 2017. This launch-event will come towards the end of an exhibition to be held in the Library between February and June which will showcase the work of the project with displays centred on the manuscripts that preserve our texts. Martin, in particular, has spent much time this year in planning this event.

The Aberystwyth exhibition follows a series of visits around the country which have presented the project to local audi-ences by means of a travelling display and an afternoon of talks. The series began at Bangor cathedral in August

wedi ei gryfhau trwy gyhoeddi apiau a lansiwyd yn Ysgol Penweddig ym mis Chwefror. Mae’r apiau ar gael yn rhad ac am ddim, diolch i gymhorthdal hael gan Lywodraeth Cymru, ac maent eisoes wedi cael eu lawrlwytho gan yn agos i dair mil o bobl.

Mae amryw o’n prosiectau blaenorol yn dal i greu effaith amlwg, fel y gwelwyd yn y diwrnod ar Gutun Owain a’i lawysgrifau, y diweddaraf yn ein cyfres o fforymau Beirdd yr Uchelwyr, a hefyd gyda’r arddangosfa ‘Chwyldro!’ a gyn-haliwyd ym Mae Caerdydd mewn partneriaeth ag Archif Wleidyddol y Llyfrgell Genedlaethol.

Mae ein partneriaeth â’r Llyfrgell yn werthfawr iawn i ni mewn sawl ffordd, ac rydym yn ddiolchgar i Linda Tomos a’i staff am bob cydweithrediad. Mae Y Bywgraff­

iadur Cymreig yn wasanaeth cyhoeddus pwysig a gynhelir ar y cyd rhwng y Ganolfan a’r Llyfrgell, a da yw gweld y gwelliannau i’r wefan honno eleni. Cryfhawyd y clwstwr treftadaeth ar safle y Llyfrgell Genedlaethol trwy adleoliad y Comisiwn Henebion eleni, ac edrychwn ymlaen at y cyfle i gydweithio’n agosach â staff y Comisiwn.

Datblygiad cyffrous ym maes enwau lleoedd yw’r prosiect newydd a ariennir gan Ymddiriedolaeth Leverhulme, ‘Llif a Llifogydd: Enwau Lleoedd a Hydroleg Gyfnewidiol Sys-temau Afonydd’. Rydym yn falch iawn o’r cyfle i gyfrannu tystiolaeth o Gymru i’r cywaith rhyngddisgyblaethol hwn mewn partneriaeth â phrifysgolion Caerlŷr, Nottingham a Southampton.

Braf oedd dathlu llwyddiant dau o’n myfyrwyr cyntaf a enillodd eu graddau doethur eleni, Martin Crampin ac Emily Pennifold, a chroesawu’r pedwar myfyriwr newydd a ddechreuodd ar eu hastudiaethau ym mis Hydref.

Rwyf yn ddiolchgar iawn am gefnogaeth Bwrdd Cyfar-wyddwyr y Ganolfan dan gadeiryddiaeth Arwel Ellis Owen, ac am bob cymorth gan swyddogion Prifysgol Cymru, yn enwedig Richard Curtis, Mark Rainey, Robert Brown a’r Is-Ganghellor yr Athro Medwin Hughes.

Cwlt y Seintiau yng Nghymru

Mae’r gwaith o olygu testunau canoloesol yn mynd rhagddo ym mhob cyfeiriad wrth i ni anelu at cyhoeddi’n ddigidol yn 2017. Mae’r tîm wedi tyfu rhywfaint ers dechrau’r prosiect, yn rhannol o ganlyniad i’r symudiadau staff y soniwyd amdanynt mewn adroddiadau blaenorol, ac mae’n werth cydnabod cyfraniad gwahanol bobl i agweddau gwahanol ar y gwaith:

Eurig Salisbury (bellach o Brifysgol Aberystwyth), yr Athro Ann Parry Owen, Dr Jenny Day, yr Athro Dafydd Johnston a’r Athro Barry Lewis (bellach o Sefydliad Uwchefrydiau Dulyn) sy’n paratoi testunau a chyfieithiadau o gerddi am y seintiau ac sydd wedi eu cyfeirio atynt.

Dr Alaw Mai Edwards, yr Athro Jane Cartwright a Jenny Day sy’n gweithio ar fucheddau rhyddiaith Cymraeg y seintiau brodorol a rhyngwladol.

Barry Lewis sy’n cyfrannu golygiad mawr newydd o ‘Fonedd y Saint’, sef testun achyddol canoloesol o ogledd-orllewin Cymru, ac rydym hefyd wedi penodi Ben Guy sydd wedi paratoi – yn rhan o’i astudiaethau doethurol yng Nghaer-grawnt – olygiad newydd o ‘Blant Brychan’, lle ceir achau’r teulu santaidd amlwg o Frycheiniog.

Mae nifer o ysgolheigion eraill hefyd yn diwygio fersiynau o waith sydd eisoes wedi ei gyhoeddi ar gyfer ei gynnwys yn ein golygiad digidol.

Yn y cyfamser, mae Dr Martin Crampin a Dr David Parsons wedi bod yn gweithio ar ddeunydd ar gyfer y ‘Seintiadur’, sef cofrestr sy’n cofnodi, fesul sant, wybodaeth gyfredol a gwaith diweddar, ac sydd wedi ei chysylltu â golygiadau o’r testunau. Anelir at lansio’r holl ddeunydd mewn digwyddiad a gynhelir yn Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru ar 3 Mehefin 2017.

Bydd hynny o gwmpas diwedd cyfnod arddangosfa a gyn-helir yn y Llyfrgell rhwng Chwefror a Mehefin lle byddwn yn cyflwyno gwaith y prosiect ynghyd â’r llawysgrifau lle cedwir ein testunau ni. Mae Martin, yn enwedig, wedi bod yn treulio llawer o amser eleni yn cynllunio ar gyfer y digwyddiad hwn.

Bydd yr arddangosfa yn Aberystwyth yn dilyn cyfres o ymweliadau ar draws y wlad lle buom yn cyflwyno gwaith y prosiect i gynulleidfaoedd lleol drwy gyfrwng arddang-osfa deithiol a phrynhawn o ddarlithoedd. Cychwynnodd y gyfres yn eglwys gadeiriol Bangor ym mis Awst 2015, a Rhai o fyfyrwyr y Ganolfan

Some of the Centre’s students

Arddangosfa Cwlt y Seintiau yn Eglwys Sant Illtud, Llanilltud Fawr / The Cult of Saints exhibition in the Church of St Illtud, Llantwit Major

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2015 and has taken in Llantwit Major (November 2015), St Davids (February 2016) and Holywell (June 2016). At each location there have been enthusiastic local audiences keen to hear about and discuss the saints of their region.

As well as at these events, during 2016 the project has been been widely publicized in the media (Radio Cymru, S4C) and at academic conferences (from the Leeds International Conference of Medieval Studies to gatherings in Marburg and Los Angeles).

Finally, the year has ended with the excellent news that an application for further funding from the AHRC has been successful. In this next phase of the project, in collaboration with Professor Paul Russell, Department of Anglo-Saxon, Norse and Celtic, University of Cambridge, the medieval Latin Lives of Welsh saints will be newly edited, trans-lated and added to the digital edition of Welsh-language sources. During this three-year project, beginning in early 2017, there will also be considerable scope to develop the materials of the Seintiadur.

Poets of the Nobility

December 2015 saw the publication, in two substantial volumes, of Hywel Dafi’s work by Dr A. Cynfael Lake of Swansea University. This was indeed a valuable contribu-tion to the field of late medieval Welsh poetry, as Hywel Dafi – or Hywel ap Dafydd ab Ieuan ap Rhys, to give him his full name – was the most significant fifteenth-century poet whose full body of work had not been edited previously. We were particularly pleased that the University of Wales had decided to award Dr Lake with the Sir Ellis Griffith Memorial Prize for this substantial work.

The focus of our attention in this year’s annual Poets of the Nobility Forum, held in May, was the fifteenth-century polymath Gutun Owain. Gutun was a poet and scholar who had strong links with Valle Crucis abbey in Llangollen. Six speakers were invited to discuss aspects of his various interests: Dr Diana Luft focused on his astrological texts; Daniel Huws gave us a very useful conspectus of the surviv-ing manuscripts written by him; Dr Jenny Day turned our attention to the Welsh translation of the Life of St Martin, again copied by Gutun Owain; Ben Guy discussed, in detail, his genealogical manuscripts; Gruffudd Antur delivered a paper in which he built a strong case for identifying Guto’r Glyn’s father with a certain Siancyn ap Gwilym of Crogeniddon in Traean y Glyn (in the Chirk area); and Pro-fessor Ann Parry Owen discussed how much light a detailed study of the development of a particular metre can provide us on the relations between the poets and the extent of their influence.

Atlantic Europe in the Metal Ages

The multidisciplinary ‘Atlantic Europe in the Metal Ages’ (AEMA) project came to the end of its £689,167 AHRC research grant in spring 2016. A GIS database comprising thousands of items of archaeological and linguistic evidence pertinent to Europe’s Atlantic façade in the later prehistoric and protohistoric periods became fully operational. This is the central information reservoir for the project, making comparisons possible for the first time for a range of diverse phenomena relevant to later prehistory across the politi-cal boundaries of modern western Europe. In April 2016 the interactive website <www.aemap.ac.uk> celebrated a stimu lating launch at the Anatomy Museum of Strand Cam-pus of King’s College London, with an audience including archaeologists from London universities and museums and innovators in digital humanities. Presentations were led by AEMA co-investigator, Professor Sir Barry Cunliffe, and included segments by principal investigator Professor John Koch, CAWCS research fellows Dr Catriona Gibson and Dr Kerri Cleary, ancient metallurgy expert Dr Peter Bray (based at Oxford’s Research Laboratory for Art History and Archaeology – RLAHA), and AEMA’s technical developer Neil Jakeman, who has now advanced to role of analyst at the newly established King’s Digital Laboratory (KDL).

The AEMA website permits a virtually unlimited variety of customized queries, which can be answered as lists of sites fitting selected parameters, or as bar graphs, pie charts or distribution maps exportable as JPEG or PDF files. The project has also set new standards in the international comparability of evidence, for example by inputting high-accuracy evidence for absolute dating, including many newly commissioned, AMS radiocarbon dates for key sites. Recognizing the potential for the website and database as foundations for the next stage of research, it is significant and encouraging that they have not been archived or closed, but remain open to new data and even new categories of

pharhau yn Llanilltud (Tachwedd 2015), Tyddewi (Chwef-ror 2016) a Threffynnon (Mehefin 2016). Ym mhob un o’r lleoliadau hyn cafwyd cynulleidfa leol frwdfrydig a oedd yn awyddus i glywed am seintiau eu hardal a’u trafod.

Yn ogystal â’r digwyddiadau hyn, cafodd y prosiect gyhoedd usrwydd eang yn ystod y flwyddyn ar y cyfryngau (Radio Cymru ac S4C) ac mewn cynadleddau academaidd (o Gynhadledd Ryngwladol Astudiaethau Canoloesol Leeds i gynulliadau ym Marburg a Los Angeles).

Yn olaf, daeth y flwyddyn i ben gyda’r newyddion gwych fod cais am nawdd pellach gan yr AHRC wedi llwyddo. Cam nesaf y prosiect, mewn cydweithrediad â’r Athro Paul Russell yn Adran Eingl-Sacsoneg, Norseg a Chelteg Prifysgol Caer-grawnt, fydd mynd ati o’r newydd i olygu a chyfieithu bucheddau Lladin seintiau Cymru ac ychwanegu’r rhain at y ffynonellau Cymraeg yn y cyhoeddiad digidol. Bydd y prosiect tair blynedd hwn, a fydd yn cychwyn yn gynnar yn 2017, yn rhoi cyfle i ni ddatblygu cynnwys y Seintiadur yn sylweddol.

Beirdd yr Uchelwyr

Ym mis Rhagfyr 2015 cyhoeddwyd golygiad Dr A. Cynfael Lake, Prifysgol Abertawe, o waith Hywel Dafi (fl. 1440–85) mewn dwy gyfrol swmpus. Mae’r gwaith mawr hwn yn gyfraniad gwerthfawr iawn i faes barddoniaeth yr Oesoedd Canol diweddar, gan mai Hywel Dafi, neu Hywel ap Dafydd ab Ieuan ap Rhys, o roi iddo ei enw llawn, oedd y bardd pwysicaf o’r bymthegfed ganrif nad oedd golygiad o’i waith cyflawn ar gael cyn hynny. Braf iawn oedd dysgu bod Prif-ysgol Cymru wedi dyfarnu Gwobr Goffa Syr Ellis Griffith i Dr Lake am y gwaith sylweddol hwn.

Gutun Owain, y polymath o’r bymthegfed ganrif, oedd dan y chwyddwydr yn fforwm blynyddol Beirdd yr Uchelwyr ym mis Mai eleni, bardd ac ysgolhaig ac iddo gysylltiad arbennig â Glyn-y-groes yn Llangollen. Gwahoddwyd chwe siaradwr i sôn am amrywiol agweddau ar ei ddiddor-debau: Gutun Owain a’i lawysgrifau astrolegol oedd testun Dr Diana Luft; gan Daniel Huws cawsom drosolwg defnyddiol iawn o’r llawysgrifau sydd wedi goroesi yn ei lawysgrifen; cyfieithiad Cymraeg o Fuchedd Sant Martin, eto yn ei lawysgrifen, oedd testun Dr Jenny Day; cafwyd trafodaeth fanwl am ei lawysgrifau achyddol gan Ben Guy; gan Gruffudd Antur cawsom bapur yn adeiladu achos cryf dros gymryd mai Siancyn ap Gwilym o Grogeniddon yn Nhraean y Glyn (ardal y Waun) oedd tad Guto’r Glyn; a chan yr Athro Ann Parry Owen, cafwyd papur yn ceisio gweld pa oleuni y gall astudiaeth fanwl o ddatblygiad mesur penodol ei daflu ar berthnasau’r beirdd â’i gilydd ac ar gylch eu dylanwad.

Ewrop Môr Iwerydd yn Oesoedd y Metelau

Daeth grant gwerth £689,167 yr AHRC i brosiect amlddis-gyblaethol ‘Ewrop Môr Iwerydd yn Oesoedd y Metelau’ i ben yng ngwanwyn 2016. Mae’r gronfa ddata GIS bellach yn gweithio’n llawn, ac yn cynnwys miloedd o eitemau o dystiolaeth archaeolegol ac ieithyddol yn ymwneud â façade Atlantig Ewrop yn y cyfnod cynhanesyddol diweddar a’r cyfnod rhaghanesyddol. Dyma gronfa wybodaeth ganolog y prosiect, ac mae’n ei gwneud yn bosibl am y tro cyntaf i ni allu cymharu amrediad eang o wahanol ffenomenau sy’n berthnasol i gynhanes diweddar ar draws ffiniau gwleidyddol modern gorllewin Ewrop. Ym mis Ebrill 2016 cafwyd lansiad cyffrous i’r wefan ryngweithiol <www.aemap.ac.uk> yn Amgueddfa Anatomeg Campws Strand Coleg y Brenin, Llundain, gerbron cynulleidfa a oedd yn cynnwys archaeolegwyr o brifysgolion ac amgueddfeydd Llundain ac arloeswyr yn y dyniaethau digidol. Arweiniwyd yr anerchiadau gan gyd-archwilydd prosiect ‘Ewrop Môr Iwerydd yn Oesoedd y Metelau’, yr Athro Syr Barry Cunliffe; roeddent yn cynnwys cyfraniadau gan y prif archwilydd, yr Athro John Koch o’r Ganolfan, y cymrodyr ymchwil Dr Catriona Gibson a Dr Kerri Cleary, yr arbenigwr ar feteleg hynafol Dr Peter Bray (sy’n gweithio yn y Labordy Ymchwil i Hanes Celf ac Archaeoleg yn Rhydychen), a datblygwr technolegol y prosiect, Neil Jakeman, sydd bellach wedi mynd rhagddo i fod yn ddadansoddwr yn Labordy Digidol newydd Coleg y Brenin.

Mae gwefan ‘Ewrop Môr Iwerydd yn Oesoedd y Metelau’ yn caniatáu cyfun-iadau dihysbydd bron o ymholiadau unigol, a gellir gweld y canlyniadau ar ffurf rhestrau o leoliadau sy’n cyfateb i’r paramedrau a ddewiswyd, neu fel graffiau bar, graffiau olwyn neu graffiau dosbarthiad y mae modd eu hallforio fel ffeiliau JPEG neu PDF. Mae’r prosiect hefyd wedi gosod safonau newydd o ran cymharu tystiolaeth yn rhyngwladol, er enghraifft drwy fewnbynnu tystiolaeth fanwl gywir ar gyfer dyddio abso-liwt, yn cynnwys nifer o ddyddiadau radiocarbon AMS newydd eu comisiynu ar gyfer lleoliadau allweddol. Wrth i ni fynd ati i geisio gweld potensial y wefan a’r gronfa ddata fel sail ar gyfer cam nesaf yr ymchwil, mae’r ffaith nad ydynt wedi cael eu harchifo na’u cau yn arwyddocaol ac yn galonogol, a’u bod yn dal yn agored i dderbyn rhagor o ddata a hyd yn oed categorïau newydd o ddata. Rhoddodd y lansiad gyfle i dîm y prosiect drafod gyda chyfarwyddwr newydd y Labordy Digidol, Dr James Smithies, yr adnoddau a ddatblygwyd gennym a’r potensial ar gyfer gwaith pellach

Cleddyfau o Huelva, SbaenSwords from Huelva, Spain

Siart yn dangos cyflwr arfau o Oes yr Efydd, wedi ei chreu o ddata ar fas data’r prosiect

Chart showing condition of weapon finds, generated from data on the AEMA database

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data. The launch event provided an opportunity for the AEMA research team to discuss the resources developed by AEMA and potentialities for future work building on it with KDL’s incoming director, Dr James Smithies. Nonetheless, the completion of the AHRC grant marks a major milestone, and CAWCS wishes to acknowledge great appreciation for the AEMA research fellows who left in 2016: specialist in the Irish Bronze Age, Dr Kerri Cleary; ancient historian and philologist, Dr Fernando Fernández Palacios; and specialist in the Iberian and British Bronze Age Dr Catriona Gibson. Their unique expertise and deter-mined efforts were essential to the project’s success.

Another major output of the AEMA project appearing in 2016 was the multidisciplinary book with 26 contributing authors: Celtic from the

West 3. Atlantic Europe in

the Metal Ages: Questions of

Shared Language. At xii + 539 pages ‘CW3’ stands as the biggest volume in this influential series, which began with ‘CW1’ (Celtic

from the West: Alternative

Perspectives from Archaeol­

ogy, Genetics, Language, and Literature), the proceedings of a forum held at the National Library in December 2008. For this imposing effort of CW3, the series’s editorial team, Barry Cunliffe and John Koch, were joined by Kerri and Catriona, both with impressive records as archaeological editors. The volume is subdivided into three groups of chapters by leading experts in archaeology, genetics, and linguistics. Like its predecessors, it is fully illustrated and includes 195 tables, charts, maps, site plans and artefact images, most of which are in colour. The striking cover images, supplied by the National Museum of Wales, show the 4,000-year-old Early Bronze Age gold ‘sun-disc’ unearthed from a cist burial at the foot of an ancient mining site, some 10 miles from CAWCS in Cwmystwyth. More specialized outputs of the project (including works on Ibe-rian and Irish Bronze Ages, chemical sourcing of ancient metalwork, and Palaeohispanic languages), as well as a more popular collaborative volume on Celtic origins led by Barry Cunliffe, are scheduled for publication in 2017.

Researchers exploring the later prehistory of western Eurasia from various disciplinary vantage points will long remember 2015 as the year of a series of mind-blowing sci-entific articles bringing to light the genome-wide recovery of ancient DNA. The main upshot of this pioneering work has been to reveal the genetic structure of modern Europe’s

population as mostly the result of two ancient migration events. First, continuing from about 10,000 until 6,000 years ago, the hunter-gatherers of post-glacial Europe were largely replaced by farmers spreading from Anatolia and the Near East. Secondly, at the transition of the Neolithic and Bronze Age, about 4,500 years ago, there was a major expansion out of the grasslands north of the Black and Cas-pian Seas (in present-day Ukraine and south Russia) into northern Europe and central Asia. Both movements, in full strength, reached as far west as Ireland and Wales. Propon-ents of the ‘steppe hypothesis’ of the origin and expansion of the Indo-European languages (which include Welsh and the other Celtic languages) have seen this new evidence as decisively favouring their position. For the AEMA project’s brief, considering Atlantic Europe and Celtic origins, these new findings can be taken as broad confirmation that we had been on the right track in questioning the long-estab-lished explanation in which the Celts and Celtic languages had expanded out of west-central Europe during the Iron Age, that is, during the first millennium bc. As matters stand now, the new archaeogenetics indicate that the last large-scale prehistoric migrations to affect Ireland, Scotland and Wales had preceded this traditional date for the ‘coming of the Celts’ by over a thousand years.

In recognition of this special turning point in intellectual history, the project’s forum (held in the Drwm in October) was organized on the theme of ‘Beaker People, Archaeogen-etics and Celtic Origins’. The eminent line-up of speakers included geneticists Wolfgang Haak of the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (Jena), Maria Pala and Martin Richards of the Archaeogenetics Research Group of the University of Huddersfield, and Stephen Oppenheimer of Oxford, place-names expert Peter Kitson, and leading Bronze Age expert Kristian Kristiansen of the University of Gothenburg (Sweden), as well as AEMA team members, Peter, Kerri, Fernando, Catriona and John. John has also given talks concerning the implications of the new aDNA evidence for questions of Celtic origins at workshops held at the Max Planck Institute in October 2015 and the University of Heidelberg in September 2016, and he gave a talk on the subject at the Department of Archaeology and Anthropology in Bristol in October 2016.

Discussions arising from a series of talks given by John at the University of Gothenburg in December revealed great potential for collaborative research, building on AEMA, to explore the growing evidence for direct contacts between the Atlantic and Nordic Bronze Age. The case for regular long-distance sea links is particularly strong in the chem-istry and typology of bronze artefacts and images of heroes and their accoutrements inscribed on stone. Improved typological and scientific dating reveals much of the key evidence converging on the period 1300–1100 bc.

yn y dyfodol yn deillio ohonynt. Serch hynny, mae diwedd grant yr AHRC yn garreg filltir bwysig, a hoffai’r Ganolfan gydnabod ei gwerthfawrogiad o waith y cymrodyr ymchwil a adawodd yn 2016: Dr Kerri Cleary, arbenigwraig ar Oes yr Efydd yn Iwerddon; Dr Fernando Fernández Palacios, arben igwr ar hanes ac ieitheg y cynfyd; a Dr Catriona Gib-son, arbenigwraig ar Oes yr Efydd ar y Penrhyn Iberaidd ac ym Mhrydain. Roedd eu harbenigedd unigryw hwy yn ogystal â’u hymdrechion penderfynol yn hanfodol i lwydd-iant y prosiect.

Un arall o brif gynhyrchion y prosiect a welodd olau dydd eleni oedd y llyfr amlddisgyblaethol y cyfrannodd 26 o wahanol awduron ato, sef Celtic from the West 3. Atlantic

Europe in the Metal Ages: Questions of Shared Language. Gyda xii + 539 o dudalennau, ‘CW3’ yw’r gyfrol hwyaf yn y gyfres ddylanwadol hon a ddechreuodd gyda ‘CW1’ (Celtic from

the West: Alternative Perspectives from Archaeology, Genetics,

Language, and Literature), sef trafodion fforwm a gynhaliwyd yn y Llyfrgell Genedlaethol ym mis Rhagfyr 2008. Ar gyfer y dasg fawr o gynhyrchu CW3, ymunodd Kerri a Catriona â thîm golygyddol y gyfres, Barry Cunliffe a John Koch, gan fod ganddynt ill dwy brofiad sylweddol o weithio fel golygyddion archaeolegol. Mae’r gyfrol wedi ei rhannu yn dri grŵp o benodau gan arbenigwyr blaenllaw ym myd archaeoleg, geneteg ac ieithyddiaeth. Fel y cyfrolau eraill o’i blaen, mae’n llawn darluniau ac yn cynnwys 195 o dablau, siartiau, mapiau, cynlluniau safle a lluniau o arteffactau, a’r rhan fwyaf ohonynt mewn lliw. Mae’r llun trawiadol sydd ar y clawr, a ddarparwyd gan Amgueddfa Cymru, yn dangos ‘disg haul’ aur 4,000 o flynyddoedd oed o Oes yr Efydd Gynnar a godwyd o gistgladdiad wrth droed safle mwyngloddio hynafol yng Nghwmystwyth, ddeng milltir o’r Ganolfan. Yn 2017 bwriedir cyhoeddi cynnyrch mwy arbenigol yn deillio o’r prosiect (yn cynnwys gwaith ar Oes yr Efydd ar y Penrhyn Iberaidd ac yn Iwerddon, lleoli gwaith metel hynafol yn gemegol, ac ieithoedd Palaeo hisbanig), yn ogystal â chyfrol gyfansawdd fwy poblogaidd ar darddiad y Celtiaid dan arweiniad Barry Cunliffe.

Bydd ymchwilwyr sy’n astudio cynhanes diweddar gorllewin Ewrasia o safbwynt gwahanol ddisgyblaethau yn cofio’n hir am 2015 fel y flwyddyn pan gyhoeddwyd cyfres o erthyglau gwyddonol rhyfeddol yn datgelu fel y llwyddwyd i adfer DNA hynafol ar lefel y genom cyfan. Prif ganlyniad y gwaith arloesol hwn fu datgelu bod strwythur genynnol poblo gaeth Ewrop fodern ar y cyfan yn ganlyniad i ddau ymfudiad hynafol. Yn gyntaf, yn y cyfnod yn ymestyn o tua 10,000 hyd at 6,000 o flynyddoedd yn ôl, cafodd helwyr-gasglwyr Ewrop ôl-rewlifol eu disodli i raddau helaeth gan amaeth-wyr a ymledodd o Anatolia a’r Dwyrain Agos. Yn ail, yn y cyfnod pan oedd yr Oes Neolithig yn troi yn Oes yr Efydd, tua 4,500 o flynyddoedd yn ôl, cafwyd ymlediad mawr o’r gweirdiroedd sy’n gorwedd i’r gogledd o’r Môr

Du a Môr Caspia (sydd yn yr Wcráin a de Rwsia erbyn heddiw) i ogledd Ewrop a chanolbarth Asia. Cyrhaeddodd y ddwy don, yn eu llawn nerth, cyn belled i’r gorllewin ag Iwerddon a Chymru. Mae’r sawl sydd wedi bod yn cynnig ‘damcaniaeth y stepdiroedd’ ynglŷn â tharddiad ac ymlediad yr ieithoedd Indo-Ewropeaidd (sy’n cynnwys y Gymraeg a’r ieithoedd Celtaidd eraill) wedi gweld bod y dystiolaeth newydd hon yn bendant iawn yn cefnogi eu safbwynt hwy. O ran y briff a oedd gennym ar gyfer ein prosiect ni, sef ystyried Ewrop Môr Iwerydd a tharddiad y Celtiaid, gellir derbyn y darganfyddiadau newydd hyn yn gadarnhad cyffredinol ein bod ar y trywydd cywir pan aethom ati i gwestiynu’r esboniad hirsefydlog fod y Celtiaid a’r ieithoedd Celtaidd wedi ymledu o orllewin canolbarth Ewrop yn ystod Oes yr Haearn, hynny yw yn ystod y mileniwm cyntaf cc. Fel y mae pethau yn awr, mae’r archaeogeneteg yn dangos bod yr ymfudiadau cynhanesyddol mawr olaf i effeithio ar Iwerddon, yr Alban a Chymru wedi digwydd dros fil o flynyddoedd cyn y dyddiad a dderbyniwyd yn draddodiadol ar gyfer ‘dyfodiad y Celtiaid’.

I gydnabod y trobwynt arbennig hwn yn ein hanes deallusol, cynhaliwyd fforwm y prosiect yn y Drwm ym mis Hydref ar thema ‘Pobl y Biceri, Geneteg y Cynfyd ac Ymdarddiad y Celtiaid’. Roedd y rhestr o siaradwyr amlwg yn cynnwys y genetegwyr Wolfgang Haak o Sefydliad Gwyddoniaeth Hanes Dynol Max Planck (Jena), Maria Pala a Martin Rich-ards o Grŵp Ymchwil Archaeogeneteg Prifysgol Hudders­field, a Stephen Oppenheimer o Rydychen, yr arbenigwr ar enwau lleoedd Peter Kitson, a’r arbenigwr blaenllaw ar Oes yr Efydd Kristian Kristiansen o Brifysgol Gothenburg (Sweden), yn ogystal ag aelodau’r prosiect hwn, Peter, Kerri, Fernando, Catriona a John. Rhoddodd John hefyd sgyrsiau ar oblygiadau’r dystiolaeth aDNA newydd ar gyfer cwest-iynau ynglŷn ag ymdarddiad y Celtiaid mewn gweithdai a gynhaliwyd yn Sefydliad Max Planck ym mis Hydref 2015 ac ym Mhrifysgol Heidelberg ym mis Medi 2016, a bu’n trafod y pwnc yn yr Adran Archaeoleg ac Anthropoleg ym Mryste hefyd ym mis Hydref eleni.

Roedd y trafodaethau a gododd o gyfres o sgyrsiau a rodd-odd John ym Mhrifysgol Gothenburg ym mis Rhagfyr yn dangos bod cryn botensial ar gyfer ymchwil ar y cyd, gan ddatblygu gwaith prosiect ‘Ewrop Môr Iwerydd yn Oesoedd y Metelau’ ymhellach, ac archwilio’r dystiolaeth gynyddol sydd gennym i ddangos bod cysylltiadau uniongyrchol yn bodoli rhwng rhanbarth Môr Iwerydd a Llychlyn yn Oes yr Efydd. Mae’r ddadl dros fodolaeth cysylltiadau morwrol cyson dros bellter hir yn arbennig o gadarn o ran cemeg a theipoleg arteffactau efydd a delweddau sydd wedi eu hysgythru ar gerrig o arwyr a’u harfau a’r gwisgoedd sydd amdanynt. Mae dulliau newydd o ddyddio teipolegol a gwyddonol wedi datgelu bod llawer o’r dystiolaeth allweddol yn cydgyfarfod yn y cyfnod rhwng 1300 a 1100 cc.

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8 9

Curious Travellers: Thomas Pennant and the Welsh and

Scottish Tour 1760–1820

We are now halfway through our AHRC-funded project, ‘Curious Travellers: Thomas Pennant and the Welsh and Scottish Tour 1760–1820’, which is run jointly with the University of Glasgow. It has been an extremely busy year for us, with talks, conference papers and lectures in venues from village halls to the National Museum Car-diff, and the creative strand of the project bearing fruit in a wonderful exhibition at Oriel Sycharth, Wrexham. We have also much enjoyed working with our new PhD student, Kirsty McHugh, who started with us in October last year and whose work looks at the experiences of a group of travellers to Wales and Scotland from Yorkshire and Lancashire, exploring unpublished letters and diaries from archives across the two counties. Work on the Pen-nant correspondence continues apace, with Alex Deans in Glasgow transcribing and editing a crucial collection of letters between Pennant and the Edinburgh bookseller George Paton – many of which show just how complex an operation the planning, execution and writing up of the two Scottish expeditions really was. The itineraries of the Scottish Tours can now be followed visually, thanks to our clickable map, developed by the Glasgow team in conjunction with the National Library of Scotland <http://curioustravellers.ac.uk>. Both Alex and Dr Liz Edwards (CAWCS) have been busy transcribing unpublished Welsh and Scottish tours, and learning how to ‘tag’ their texts for the online digital edition. Dr Ffion Jones at CAWCS has been exploring Pennant’s links with the Morris brothers of Anglesey, and editing the correspondence between Pennant and his friend Richard Bull, a keen collector of pictures, and, like Pennant, a devotee of the art of extra-illustration – the creation of sumptuous ‘coffee-table’ editions of the Tours featuring beautiful marginal watercolours by Moses Griffith.

Griffith’s images and Pennant’s text form part of our exhibition, much of which was organized by Liz: ‘Curious Travellers: Movement, Landscape, Art’, on display at Oriel Sycharth, Glyndŵr University, Wrexham (10 October–16 December 2016). 13 contemporary artists spent their summer walking parts of Pennant’s Tours in Wales, and here, gathered in a single space and strikingly arranged by Professor Estelle Thompson (Glyndŵr), are a range of visual responses from watercolours and etchings to sound installations, pictures made with the stunningly bright pig-ments of Parys Mountain rocks, embroidery, metalwork, slate, paper and digital prints. The total effect is tremen-dous, and the individual responses to Pennant’s work are

insightful and often moving. A series of events organized to take place in the gallery have included poetry readings, talks on local history and storytelling, while a day conference on 19 November explored various intersections between travel writing and art.

A similar interdisciplinary day took place in May, at the Museum of Modern Art, Machynlleth. ‘The Power of Place’ responded to the exhibition ‘Romanticism in the Welsh Landscape’, curated by Dr Peter Wakelin, and drew around a hundred people for a truly stimulating discussion by writers, artists and academics. We also co-organized ‘Wales and Scotland in European Travel Writing’ in Aberystwyth in April with the ‘European Travellers to Wales’ project, and found some fascinating crossovers and links. A day of walks, talks (and songs!) at Hafod was the result of another collaboration, this time with the Coleridge in Wales Fes-tival, celebrating the young Romantic poet’s pedestrian tour of Wales in 1794. The summer rain did not put our participants off, and we enjoyed learning about topics from dendrochronology to stained glass – not to mention Richard Parry’s fine rendition of ‘Kubla Khan’ next a cavern ‘measureless to man’. Rocks, caverns and landforms were the subject of our fascinating day conference at the National Museum Cardiff, which brought geologists and literary critics together to explore ‘Layered Landscapes’, in honour of the bicentenary of the first geological map of Britain by William Smith. Further similar events are planned for 2017.

The volume of essays, Enlightenment Travel and British

Identities: Thomas Pennant’s Tours in Scotland and Wales

(edited by Mary-Ann Constantine and Nigel Leask), is currently in press. Work from our previous project on Wales and the French Revolution was on display in the exhibition ‘Chwyldro!/Revolution!’ jointly organized with the National Library of Wales and held at the Pierhead, Cardiff Bay, in September 2016. The exhibition opening also saw the launch of Elizabeth Edwards’s new volume on the ‘Bard of Snowdon’ – work which also came out of the French Revolution project – Richard Llwyd: Beaumaris Bay

and Other Poems (Trent Editions).

Teithwyr Chwilfrydig: Thomas Pennant a Theithio i Gymru ac

i’r Alban 1760–1820

Rydym bellach hanner ffordd drwy’r prosiect ‘Teithwyr Chwilfrydig: Thomas Pennant a Theithio i Gymru ac i’r Alban 1760–1820’, sy’n cael ei gynnal ar y cyd â Phrifysgol Glasgow, dan nawdd yr AHRC. Mae wedi bod yn flwyddyn eithriadol o brysur, wrth i ni gyflwyno sgyrsiau, papurau mewn cynadleddau a darlithoedd mewn lleoliadau yn amrywio o neuaddau pentref i Amgueddfa Genedlaethol Caerdydd, tra oedd ochr fwy creadigol y prosiect yn dwyn ffrwyth mewn arddangosfa ragorol yn Oriel Sycharth yn Wrecsam. Cawsom lawer o fwynhad hefyd o weithio gyda Kirsty McHugh, y fyfyrwraig PhD newydd a ymunodd â ni ym mis Hydref y llynedd. Mae ei gwaith hi’n edrych ar brofiadau criw o deithwyr i Gymru a’r Alban o swydd Efrog a swydd Gaerhirfryn, ac mae’n ymchwilio i lythyrau a dyddiaduron anghyhoeddedig o gasgliadau archifol ar hyd y ddwy sir. Mae’r gwaith ar ohebiaeth Pennant yn mynd rhagddo’n dda, gydag Alex Deans yn Glasgow yn trawsys-grifio ac yn golygu casgliad hollbwysig o lythyrau rhwng Pennant a’r llyfrwerthwr o Gaeredin, George Paton – gyda llawer ohonynt yn dangos proses mor gymhleth oedd cyn-llunio, ymgymryd â, ac ysgrifennu am y ddwy daith yn yr Alban mewn gwirionedd. Gellir bellach ddilyn trywydd y teithiau hyn yn weledol, diolch i’r map y gellir clicio arno, a ddatblygwyd gan y tîm yn Glasgow ar y cyd â Llyfrgell Genedlaethol yr Alban <http://curioustravellers.ac.uk>. Mae Alex a Dr Liz Edwards (o’r Ganolfan) ill dau wedi bod yn brysur yn trawsysgrifio llyfrau taith anghyhoeddedig am Gymru a’r Alban, ac yn dysgu sut i ‘dagio’ eu testunau ar gyfer y cyhoeddiad digidol ar lein. Mae Dr Ffion Jones o’r Ganolfan wedi bod yn ymchwilio i gysylltiadau Pennant â Morrisiaid Môn, ac yn golygu gohebiaeth Pennant a’i gyfaill Richard Bull, casglwr lluniau brwd, a oedd, fel Pen-nant, yn selog dros ‘extra-illustration’, sef y grefft o greu fersiynau ‘bwrdd coffi’ godidog o’r cyfrolau a fyddai’n cynn-wys lluniau dyfrlliw ymylol hardd o waith Moses Griffith.

Mae delweddau Moses Griffith a thestun Pennant yn rhan o’r arddangosfa a drefnwyd gan mwyaf gan Liz, sef ‘Teithwyr Chwilfrydig: Symud, Tirlun, Celf’ sy’n cael ei dangos yn Oriel Sycharth Prifysgol Glyndŵr, Wrecsam (10 Hydref–16 Rhagfyr 2016). Treuliodd 13 o artistiaid cyfoes yr haf yn ailgerdded rhannau o deithiau Pennant yng Nghymru, ac yma, wedi eu casglu ynghyd i un gofod a’u trefnu’n drawiadol gan yr Athro Estelle Thompson (o Brifysgol Glyndŵr), ceir trawstoriad o ymatebion gweledol sy’n amrywio o brintiadau dyfrlliw ac ysgythriadau i osod-iadau sain, lluniau wedi eu gwneud o bigmentau syfrdanol o lachar o gerrig Mynydd Parys, brodwaith, gwaith metel,

llechi, papur a phrintiadau digidol. Mae’r effaith yn eith-riadol o drawiadol, a’r ymatebion unigol i waith Pennant yn cynnig mewnwelediad i ni ac yn aml yn ein gwefreiddio. Cynhaliwyd cyfres o ddigwyddiadau yn yr oriel, yn cynn-wys darlleniadau o farddoniaeth, sgyrsiau ar hanes lleol a sesiynau adrodd stori, a chafwyd cynhadledd undydd ar 19 Tachwedd oedd yn edrych ar gysylltiadau amrywiol rhwng llenyddiaeth daith a chelf.

Cynhaliwyd diwrnod rhyngddisgyblaethol tebyg ym mis Mai, yn yr Amgueddfa Celf Fodern ym Machynlleth. Roedd ‘Atyniad Lle’ yn ymateb i’r arddangosfa ‘Rhamantiaeth a Thirwedd Cymru’ a oedd wedi ei churadu gan Dr Peter Wakelin, a denodd o ddeutu cant o bobl i glywed trafodaeth wirioneddol gyffrous rhwng ysgrifenwyr, artistiaid ac ysgol-heigion. Aethom ati hefyd i gynnal cynhadledd ‘Cymru a’r Alban mewn Ysgrifau Teithio o Ewrop’ ar y cyd â phrosiect ‘Teithwyr Ewropeaidd i Gymru’, ac wrth wneud hynny, sylwi ar orgyffyrddiadau a chysylltiadau diddorol. Canlyniad cydweithredu oedd y diwrnod o deithiau cerdded a sgyrsiau (ynghyd â chanu!) a gawsom yn yr Hafod hefyd – y tro hwn gyda Gŵyl Coleridge yng Nghymru, lle buom yn nodi taith y bardd ifanc Rhamantaidd ar droed yng Nghymru yn 1794. Nid amharodd y glaw ormod ar y cyfranwyr, a chawsom fwynhad o ddysgu am bynciau o ddendrocronoleg i wydr lliw – heb sôn am ddatganiad gwych Richard Parry o ‘Kubla Khan’ wrth ymyl ceudwll ‘measureless to man’. Creigiau, ceudyllau a thirffurfiau oedd testun ein cynhadledd undydd ddifyr yn Amgueddfa Genedlaethol Caerdydd lle daethpwyd â daearegwyr a beirniaid llenyddol at ei gilydd i ystyried ‘Haenau Tirwedd’ i nodi daucanmlwyddiant y map daear-egol cyntaf o Brydain gan William Smith. Mae rhagor o ddigwyddiadau tebyg yn yr arfaeth ar gyfer 2017.

Mae’r gyfrol o erthyglau, Enlightenment Travel and British

Identities: Thomas Pennant’s Tours in Scotland and Wales (dan olygyddiaeth Mary-Ann Constantine a Nigel Leask), yn y wasg. Cafodd gwaith yn deillio o’r prosiect blaenorol ar Gymru a’r Chwyldro Ffrengig ei gynnwys yn yr arddangosfa ‘Chwyldro!/Revolution!’ a drefnwyd ar y cyd â Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru a’i chynnal yn y Pierhead ym Mae Caerdydd ym mis Medi 2016. Yn ystod agoriad yr arddang-osfa fe lansiwyd hefyd gyfrol newydd Elizabeth Edwards ar y ‘Bard of Snowdon’ – sef gwaith yn deillio o brosiect y Chwyldro Ffrengig – Richard

Llwyd: Beaumaris Bay and Other

Poems (Trent Editions).

Dr Elizabeth Edwards yn lansiad ei chyfrol Richard Llwyd: Beaumaris Bay

and Other Poems

Dr Elizabeth Edwards at the launch of her book Richard Llwyd: Beaumaris Bay

and Other Poems

Cerddwyr yn yr Hafod, Gŵyl Coleridge yng Nghymru

Walkers at Hafod for the Coleridge in Wales Festival

10 11

Knowledge Transfer and Social Networks: European Learning and

the Revolution in Welsh Scholarship in the Victorian Age

On 24 October 2015 this Leverhulme-funded project held an international workshop in the Council Chamber of the National Library of Wales and opened an exhibition on the life and times of Thomas Stephens. Entitled ‘The Amateur Historian and Knowledge Exchange in Nineteenth-Century Europe’, the workshop focused on European scholarship in its connection with nineteenth-century politics. Professor Monika Baár of Leiden University delivered a plenary on ‘Amateur historians on the periphery: a blessing in dis-guise?’ before a local and national audience. Speakers from nine European countries delivered papers on a variety of subjects, from arguing over the invention of printing to the writing of versified history in Provence and the con-tribution of travel writers to scholarship in Ireland. The workshop, with its variety of approaches, countries and subjects, was an unqualified success, so much so there are plans to publish the proceedings.

On the same day, the project exhibition ‘Correspondent, Historian, Reformer: Thomas Stephens of Merthyr Tydfil’ was opened. The exhibition, featur-ing letters to and by Thomas Stephens, volumes by him, per-sonal items and eisteddfod tro-phies, was curated by the project member Dr Adam Coward and Dr Marion Löffler, and hosted and technically supported by the National Library. We are grate-ful to Alan Vaughan Hughes for his support.

Adam’s official position at the Centre came to end shortly after, but that has not stopped him staying in touch and working on his anthology of the scholarly correspondence of Thomas Stephens. Marion has likewise continued to work on her monograph on the worlds of Thomas Stephens and the scholarly and political connections between Europe and Wales between c.1840 and c.1870. Cooperation with the National Library of Wales has also continued apace, with plans underway to make all the nearly 600 letters which were transcribed, translated and edited by the project avail-able digitally on the National Library’s website, embedded in a short description of Thomas Stephens, his work, and the project.

Welsh Name Studies

i. ‘The Place-Names of Shropshire’

Work on the Welsh place-names of Oswestry and Clun is well advanced and publication of two volumes during 2017 and 2018 is anticipated.

A travelling exhibition illustrating the work of the proj-ect has been displayed around the county – moving from Oswestry to Ludlow, Bridgnorth and Shrewsbury – during 2016. The tour culminated in a day conference at Shrop-shire Archives, Shrewsbury, in September. Our Notting-ham partners reported on progress on the three projected volumes on ‘English Shropshire’, the first of which is now in proof, and Dr David Parsons gave an overview of the work on the Welsh west of the county.

Lastly, it is a pleasure to record that Emily Pennifold received her PhD for work on the minor place-names of Shropshire and Radnorshire, and thereby – narrowly – became the very first graduate of the Centre.

ii. ‘A Database of Welsh Place-Names’

Work on a centralized collection of place-names, reported in previous years, has been overtaken by the passing of the Historic Environment (Wales) Act 2016, which makes provision for a statutory list of historic place-names. Responsibility for building and maintaining this resource has been passed to the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales. The Commission has actively sought the advice of the Centre throughout the early months of planning the list, and it is anticipated that we will be important partners in the project as it moves ahead. There is an exciting opportunity here to celebrate the richness of the place-name record in Wales, and to build a resource of lasting value and interest for general and academic audiences.

Trosglwyddo Gwybodaeth a Rhwydweithiau Cymdeithasol:

Dysg Ewropeaidd a’r Chwyldro yn Ysgolheictod Cymru Oes Fictoria

Ar 24 Hydref 2015 cynhaliodd y prosiect hwn (a gyllidir gan Leverhulme) weithdy rhyngwladol yn Siambr y Cyngor, Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru, yn ogystal ag agor arddangosfa ar fywyd ac amserau Thomas Stephens. ‘Yr Hanesydd Amatur a Chyfnewid Gwybodaeth yn Ewrop yn y Bedwaredd Ganrif ar Bymtheg’ oedd teitl y gweithdy, a chanolbwyntiai ar ysgolheictod Ewropeaidd a’i gysylltiad â gwleidyddiaeth y bedwaredd ganrif ar bymtheg. Tradd-ododd yr Athro Monika Baár o Brifysgol Leiden brif ddarlith y dydd ar ‘Amateur historians on the periphery: a blessing in disguise?’ gerbron cynulleidfa leol a chened-laethol. Cyflwynodd siaradwyr o naw gwlad wahanol yn Ewrop bapurau ar amrywiaeth o destunau, o ddadlau dros ddyfeisio argraffu i ysgrifennu hanes mydryddol ym Mhro-fens a chyfraniad ysgrifenwyr taith i ysgolheictod yn Iwer-ddon. Roedd y gweithdy, gyda’i amrywiaeth o agweddau, gwledydd a phynciau, yn llwyddiant ysgubol, yn gymaint felly nes bod cynlluniau ar droed i gyhoeddi’r trafodion.

Yr un diwrnod, agorwyd ar -ddangosfa’r prosiect: ‘Gohebydd, Hanesydd, Diwygiwr: Thomas Stephens o Ferthyr Tudful’. Roedd yn cynnwys llythyrau at a chan Thomas Stephens, cyfrolau o’i eiddo, eitemau personol a thlysau eisteddfodol, wedi eu dethol gan Dr Adam Coward (aelod o dîm y prosiect) a Dr Marion Löffler. Cafwyd llety a chefnogaeth dech-negol gan y Llyfrgell Genedlaethol, ac rydym yn ddiolchgar i Alan Vaughan Hughes am ei gymorth.

Daeth swydd Adam yn y Ganolfan i ben yn swyddogol yn fuan wedyn, ond ni fu hynny’n rhwystr iddo gadw mewn cysylltiad a pharhau i weithio ar ei ddetholiad o ohebiaeth ysgolheigaidd Thomas Stephens. Mae Marion hefyd yn dal i weithio ar ei monograff ar fydoedd Thomas Stephens a’r cysylltiadau ysgolheigaidd rhwng Ewrop a Chymru rhwng c.1840 a c.1870. Mae’r cydweithio rhyngom ni â Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru wedi symud yn ei flaen, ac mae cyn-lluniau ar droed i gynnwys ar wefan y Llyfrgell yr ymron i 600 o lythyrau a gafodd eu trawsysgrifio, eu cyfieithu a’u golygu gan dîm y prosiect, yn gysylltiedig â disgrifiad byr o Thomas Stephens, ei waith, a’r prosiect ei hun.

Astudiaethau Enwau Cymreig

i. ‘Enwau Lleoedd Swydd Amwythig’

Mae’r gwaith ar enwau Cymraeg Croesoswallt a Chlun wedi mynd rhagddo’n dda iawn, a disgwyliwn gyhoeddi dwy gyfrol yn ystod 2017 a 2018.

Cynhaliwyd arddangosfa deithiol yn cyflwyno gwaith y prosiect mewn gwahanol leoliadau o Groesoswallt i Lwydlo, Bridgnorth ac Amwythig yn ystod y flwyddyn. Daeth y daith i ben gyda chynhadledd undydd yn Archifdy Swydd Amwythig yn nhref Amwythig ym mis Medi. Rhodd odd ein partneriaid yn Nottingham adroddiad ar gynnydd tair cyfrol y prosiect ar ‘English Shropshire’, gan nodi bod proflenni’r gyntaf wedi dod, a soniodd Dr David Parsons am y gwaith ar orllewin Cymraeg y sir.

Yn olaf, mae’n bleser nodi bod Emily Pennifold wedi der-byn gradd PhD am ei gwaith ar enwau lleoedd llai swydd Amwythig a sir Faesyfed, ac mai hi felly – o drwch blewyn – oedd y gyntaf erioed i raddio o’r Ganolfan.

ii. ‘Cronfa Ddata o Enwau Lleoedd Cymru’

Cafodd y gwaith ar greu casgliad canolog o enwau lleoedd, y buom yn adrodd amdano dros y blynyddoedd diwethaf, ei oddiweddyd pan basiwyd Deddf yr Amgylchedd Hanesyddol (Cymru) 2016, sy’n gofyn am gael rhestr statudol o enwau lleoedd hanesyddol. Trosglwyddwyd y cyfrifoldeb o greu a chynnal yr adnodd i Gomisiwn Brenhinol Henebion Cymru. Bu’r Comisiwn yn pwyso ar y Ganolfan am gymorth gydol y misoedd cyntaf o baratoi’r rhestr, a disgwylir y byddwn yn bartneriaid pwysig yn y prosiect wrth iddo fynd rhagddo. Mae hwn yn gyfle cyffrous i ni gael dathlu cyfoeth y cofnod o enwau lleoedd yng Nghymru, ac i ddatblygu adnodd a fydd o werth parhaol ac o ddiddordeb i gynulleidfaoedd cyffredinol ac ysgolheigaidd.

Darn o fap Christopher Saxton o Swydd Amwythig, 1577 (y llun gan Archifdy Swydd Amwythig)Extract from Christopher Saxton’s map of Shropshire, 1577 (image: Shropshire Archives)

Llyfryn o waith y prosiect a gyhoeddwyd yn 2015

Project booklet published in 2015

Copi o argraffiad cyntaf Literature of the Kymry gan Thomas Stephens gyda nodiadau ar gyfer yr ail argraffiad Copy of the first edition of Thomas Stephens’s Literature

of the Kymry with notes for the second edition

Shropshire place-namesa short introduction

Place-names offer a unique perspective on the history of

Shropshire. They throw light on the county’s past inhabitants,

the languages they spoke, and the ways in which they viewed,

cared for and exploited their surrounding landscape and its

flora and fauna. This booklet, produced as part of a four-year

collaborative project between the Universities of Nottingham

and Wales, provides an accessible introduction to the study

of Shropshire’s place-names and the many ways in which it

can contribute to our understanding of the past.

ISBN 978 0 904889 89 5

Front cover: photograph of Wentnor (The Place-Names of Shropshire project team)

Back cover: Christopher Saxton’s map of Shropshire, 1577 (reproduced by kind permission of Shropshire Archives)

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European Travellers to Wales 1750–2010

In the third year of the AHRC-funded project our exhibition ‘EuroVisions’ travelled to Storiel (Bangor) in north Wales and to Swansea Museum in the south. It was complemented by a virtual exhibition displaying the various artefacts and fine art to a wider audience, hosted on our project website. A programme of public events was held in each museum to tie in with the exhibition’s visit: talks by Heini Gruffudd on his mother Kate Bosse-Griffiths, by Gwyn Griffiths on Breton onion sellers in Wales, by Peter Lord on Heinz Koppel, and by Karel Lek, one of the artists featured in our exhibition. Lectures were given by Professor Carol Tully and Michael Freeman, and family events were also organized. Swansea Museum were inspired by the theme to produce a small exhibition on Kate Bosse-Griffiths during EuroVisions’s visit, while in Bangor a special exhibition of Karel Lek’s work was displayed alongside it, and Bangor University Archives devoted an exhibition of their own holdings to the same theme. The exhibition generated media attention, with items in the local press, a review article in Planet, and interviews on Radio Cymru and Radio Wales.

The call for papers for a conference on ‘Wales and Scot-land in European Travel Writing’, organized jointly with the ‘Curious Travellers’ project, and held in the National Library on 16 April 2016, received a good international response.

Dr Rita Singer has been working on visitors’ books as a form of micro travel writing, ac on visual images of Wales in European travel writing, delivering lectures in Leipzig, Aberystwyth and MOMA museum Machynlleth. Dr Heather Williams gave lectures to local history societies in Ceredigion, and also lectured in Swansea, Liverpool and at the National Library. She published a number of articles for a wider audience in magazines and local presses: Y

Casglwr, The Cambrian News, Yr Angor and Aberystwyth EGO. Members of the project team presented a special panel at the annual conference of the Association of Welsh Writing in English in Gregynog.

The database continues to grow and develop, and now contains over 400 records of travel writing about Wales by visitors from Europe. Attractive new maps have also been added to every account: see <etw.bangor.ac.uk>.

Rita’s period at the Centre ended in September; we thank her warmly for her signal contribution to the project and wish her well in the future. We also thank the AHRC for the funding that made this pioneering work possible.

Medieval Welsh Medicine: a New Approach

The purpose of this project, which is supported by a Wellcome Trust research fellowship, is to reconsider the medieval Welsh medical texts in the context of contem-porary English and Continental medical thinking. The

primary output of the project will consist of new editions and translations of the medical texts found in the four earliest manuscripts to contain such material, that is, British Library Additional 14912, Cardiff 3.242 (Hafod 16), Oxford Bod-leian Rawlinson B467 and Oxford Jesus College 111 (the Red Book of Hergest). The translations are primarily aimed at medical historians, in the hope that they will be able to include Welsh material in their studies with confidence, but it is also hoped that the editions will be of use to scholars of Welsh and Celtic Studies.

In the last year research fellow Dr Diana Luft has begun the task of editing and translating the medical texts, starting

with the recipe collections. To that end, she has collated these collections and organized them into a series of ten recipe books, containing a total of 506 recipes. Four of the ten collections have been edited and translated, and the ingredients and diseases indexed. As part of the work, Diana has reinterpreted the identities of a number of herbs through comparing the plant names in the recipes with those found in a number of medieval plant-name gloss-aries, including those in BLAdd 14912, Cardiff 3.242, NLW 2034, Peniarth 326, Peniarth 204, Llanstephan 10, BLAdd 14913, and Llanstephan 82, as well as those mentioned in the Welsh translation of the Middle-English Herbal Agnus

Castus (also found in Peniarth 204, in the hand of the poet Dafydd Nanmor). Thus far, she has written entries on 132 plants based on the references to them in these glossaries. Although most of them do not cause problems, there are a significant number of plants where the name has changed over the centuries. Thus, for example, morgelyn refers to ‘sea-holly’ today, but to ‘henbane’ in the medieval recipes and glossaries; creulys means ‘groundsel’ today, but ‘dwarf elder’ in the medieval texts; today, ffiol y ffridd refers to ‘foxglove’, but in the medieval texts it means ‘great mullein’. She has been able to provide positive identifications for many of these plant names by tracing the English, Latin or French originals of the recipes, which show to which plant the Welsh translator was referring. In every instance, the recipes agree with the glossaries, which indicates that they were meant to be used together. Looking at these English

Teithwyr Ewropeaidd i Gymru 1750–2010

Yn nhrydedd flwyddyn y prosiect dan nawdd yr AHRC teithiodd ein harddangosfa ‘EwrOlwg’ i Storiel (Bangor) yn y gogledd ac i Amgueddfa Abertawe yn y de. Lluniwyd hefyd arddangosfa rithiol ar wefan y prosiect i arddangos yr amrywiaeth o arteffactau a chelfyddyd gain i gynulleidfa ehangach. Trefnwyd rhaglen o ddigwyddiadau cyhoeddus yn yr amgueddfeydd i gyd-fynd â’r arddangosfa: sgyrsiau gan Heini Gruffudd am ei fam Kate Bosse-Griffiths, gan Gwyn Griffiths ar y Sioni Winwns, a Peter Lord ar Heinz Kop-pel. Rhoddodd Karel Lek, un o’r artistiaid y cynhwyswyd ei waith yn ein harddangosfa, sgwrs yn Storiel, Bangor, a chafwyd darlithoedd gan yr Athro Carol Tully a Michael Freeman, yn ogystal â gweithgareddau i’r teulu cyfan. Sbardunwyd Amgueddfa Abertawe i greu arddangosfa fach ar Kate Bosse-Griffiths i gyd-fynd â thema EwrOlwg, ac ym Mangor cynhaliwyd arddangosfa o waith Karel Lek ochr yn ochr ag EwrOlwg, a threfnodd Archifau’r Brifysgol arddang osfa o’u casgliadau hwythau ar yr un thema. Der-byniodd yr arddangosfeydd dipyn o sylw yn y cyfryngau, o bapurau lleol i erthygl-adolygiad yn Planet, ac eitemau ar

Radio Cymru a Radio Wales.

Cafwyd ymateb da a rhyngwladol i’r alwad am bapurau i gynhadledd ‘Cymru a’r Alban mewn Ysgrifau Teithio o Ewrop’, a drefnwyd ar y cyd â phrosiect ‘Teithwyr Chwil-frydig’, ac a gynhaliwyd ar 16 Ebrill 2016 yn y Llyfrgell Genedlaethol.

Bu Dr Rita Singer yn gweithio ar lyfrau ymwelwyr fel ffurf-iau micro o lenyddiaeth daith, ac ar ddelweddau gweledol o Gymru mewn llenyddiaeth daith o Ewrop, gan ddarlithio yn Leipzig, Aberystwyth ac yn yr Amgueddfa Celf Fodern ym Machynlleth. Traddododd Dr Heather Williams ddar-lithoedd i gymdeithasau hanes lleol yng Ngheredigion, a hefyd ym Mhrifysgol Abertawe, yn Lerpwl ac yn y Llyfrgell Genedlaethol. Cyhoeddodd nifer o erthyglau ar gyfer cynull -eidfa eang mewn cylchgronau ac yn y wasg leol: Y Casglwr, The Cambrian News, Yr Angor ac Aberystwyth EGO. Cyflwyn-odd aelodau o’r prosiect banel arbennig yng nghynhadledd flynyddol Cymdeithas Llên Saesneg Cymru yng Ngregynog.

Parhau i ddatblygu a thyfu y mae’r gronfa ddata, sydd bellach yn cynnwys manylion dros 400 o gofnodion taith am Gymru gan ymwelwyr o Ewrop. Ychwanegwyd mapiau newydd deniadol i gyd-fynd â phob taith: gweler <etw.bangor.ac.uk>.

Daeth cyfnod Rita yn y Ganolfan i ben fis Medi, a charem ddiolch o galon iddi am ei chyfraniad clodwiw i’r prosiect, a hefyd ddymuno pob llwyddiant iddi yn y dyfodol. Diolchwn hefyd i’r AHRC am y nawdd a wnaeth y gwaith arloesol yn bosibl.

Ailystyried Meddygaeth Gymraeg yr Oesoedd Canol

Ariennir y prosiect gan Ymddiriedolaeth Wellcome am dair blynedd, a’r amcan yw ailystyried testunau meddygol Cym-ru’r Oesoedd Canol yng nghyd-destun meddygaeth Seisnig ac Ewropeaidd. Prif ffrwyth y prosiect fydd golygiadau a chyfieithiadau newydd o’r testunau meddygol a geir yn y pedair llawysgrif gynharaf sy’n cynnwys testunau o’r fath, hynny yw Llyfrgell Brydeinig Ychwanegol 14912, Caerdydd 3.242 (Hafod 16), Rhydychen Llyfrgell Bodley Rawlinson B467 a Rhyd-ychen Coleg yr Iesu 111 (Llyfr Coch Hergest). Anelir y cyfieithiadau at ysgolheigion sy’n gweithio ym maes hanes meddyginiaeth yn bennaf, yn y gobaith y byddant yn gallu cynnwys deunydd Cymraeg yn hyderus yn eu hastudiaethau o hyn ymlaen, ond gobeithir hefyd y bydd y golygiadau o ddefnydd i ysgolheigion ym maes astudiaethau Cymraeg a Cheltaidd.

Yn y flwyddyn ddiwethaf bu cymrawd ymchwil y prosiect, Dr Diana Luft, yn dechrau ar y gwaith o olygu a chyf ieithu’r testunau meddygol, gan gychwyn gyda’r casgliadau o ryseitiau. At y diben hwn, aeth ati i gydosod y casgliadau hyn a’u trefnu mewn cyfres o ddeg llyfr ryseitiau, sy’n cynnwys cyfanswm o 506 rysáit. Golygwyd a chyfieithwyd pedwar o’r deg casgliad, gan greu mynegai llawn i eirfa’r testunau ar yr un pryd. Fel rhan o’r gwaith, bu Diana’n ailystyried enwau nifer o blanhigion a grybwyllir yn y ryseitiau, gan ddibynnu ar y geirfaoedd llysieuol a geir yn y llawysgrifau canoloesol. At y diben hwn, trawsgrifiodd y geirfaoedd a geir yn llawysgrifau LlBYch 14912, Caerdydd 3.242, LlGC 2034, Peniarth 326, Peniarth 204, Llansteffan 10, LlBYch 14913 a Llansteffan 82, yn ogystal â thestun llysieuol arall a geir ym Mheniarth 204 (hynny yw, cyfieithiad o’r llysieulyfr Saesneg Canol Agnus Castus, yn llaw Dafydd Nanmor). Lluniodd gofnodion ar 132 llysieuyn gan gynnwys y cyfeir-iadau atynt yn y geirfaoedd a grybwyllir uchod. Er bod y rhan fwyaf ohonynt yn ddigon syml, ceir nifer sylweddol lle mae ystyr y gair wedi newid dros amser. Er enghraifft, mae morgelyn yn golygu ‘sea-holly’ heddiw, ond ‘henbane’ yn y testunau canoloesol; mae creulys yn golygu ‘groundsel’ heddiw, ond ‘dwarf elder’ yn y ryseitiau canoloesol; mae ffiol y ffridd yn golygu ‘foxglove’ heddiw ond ‘great mul-lein’ yn y ryseitiau canoloesol. Gallodd ddangos ystyr yr enwau llysiau hyn trwy olrhain y ryseitiau Cymraeg at eu ffynonellau Saesneg, Lladin neu Ffrangeg, sy’n dangos beth yw’r llysieuyn cywir. Ym mhob achos, mae’r ryseitiau yn

Dr Diana Luft

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and Continental sources and analogues has also allowed Diana to reconsider the identifications of a number of dis-eases mentioned in the recipes. It is apparent, for example, that iddwf refers to ‘gout’, not ‘St Anthony’s Fire’, and that the term bolwst was used to refer to ‘dropsy’ rather than an unspecific abdominal complaint or bellyache.

She has also been working on the Latin texts in the manu-scripts, and has managed to identify most of them thus far, including a Herbal attributed to Albertus Magnus in the Red Book (Pseudo Albertus Magnus, Liber de virtutibus herbarum, which forms part of his Liber aggregationis), and a destinary in BLAdd 14912 which is similar to Gutun Owain’s Book of Fortune. Cardiff 3.242 contains a large collection of medical spells, prognostications, hymns and prayers, snippets of liturgy and religious ephemera designed both to keep health and to ensure a good death, and may have been designed to provide end-of-life care in a monastic hospice setting. Texts in the binding of that manuscript link it with the Augustinian priory of Llanthony in Monmouthshire, which is thought to have had an infirmary which may have served such a purpose.

Lastly, Diana has been working on tracing the origin of the manuscripts, and looking at the liturgical calendar in BLAdd 14912 to that end. This calendar follows Sarum use, with the occasional Welsh saint added to the mix (David, Curig, Padarn, Derfel and Cewydd). Most of these are common enough in the calendars, and do not point to any particular place of origin. Cewydd turns up in Sarum calendars, for example, not because they all originate in Pembrokeshire, but rather because he replaces Saint Swithin as the rain saint, and their feasts are celebrated on the same day. But the BLAdd 14912 calendar does contain a unique feast, and that is the feast of Saint Finnian which is noted in mid-December, before Saint Lucy’s day. This is a reference to the sixth-century Saint Finnian of Clonard, County Meath, who spent 30 years learning at the feet of Saint Cadog of Llancarfan before returning to Ireland to found a monastery. Llanthony priory had close ties with this area: the monastery of Clonard had been re-established as an Augustinian priory in the twelfth century by Hugh de Lacy, the primary benefactor of Llanthony priory, who had been made lord of Meath by Henry II. De Lacy had the income from the churches in this area directed to Llanthony, and the Welsh canons set up a cell in Drogheda to manage their Irish lands. A later benefactor donated the income from the church of Saint Finnian to Llanthony in return for the canons’ agreeing to serve in a hospital he had founded in Drogheda. Like Cardiff 3.232, the BLAdd 14912 calendar seems to point to Llanthony abbey. Could this be the origin of all of our closely related texts?

The University of Wales Dictionary

The main event of the year was the publication of the Dictionary’s new apps at Penweddig School, Aberystwyth, on 24 February 2016. As reported last year, the Dictionary won a £40,500 grant from the Welsh Government’s Tech-nology and Digital Media Fund for Welsh to develop iOS and Android apps for phones and tablets. Gareth Morlais, speaking at the launch on behalf of the Government, emphasized the importance of digital resources such as the Dictionary to the future of the Welsh language. Penweddig’s head, chaired poet Gwenallt Llwyd Ifan, composed an englyn to the app:

Yn daclus ar dy declyn lawrlwytho mae gwirio pob geiryn. Ar y map mae Ap i hyn – a chadwer iaith ochodyn.

In an interview on the radio programme Post Prynhawn after the launch, the head-master, having seen the app for the first time, said, ‘I think that it’s a huge step forward … The app and the resources in it create all sorts of opportunities, and to me as a teacher, I can see a huge potential

for it. I can see teachers encouraging pupils to use phones in the classroom … looking up words, looking up the origins of words, and doing some of the activities and games included in it. I think that it will arouse great interest.’

The apps were developed very ably by iLEX Digital Ser-vices, a company based in Copenhagen, and they are avail-able from the ‘App Store’ and ‘Google Play’ (see <http://www.welsh-dictionary.ac.uk/android-ios-apps/>). After installing the app, all the data can be downloaded to the device so that there is no need for an Internet connection in order to use it. We believe this to be the first large historical dictionary to be made available as an app.

cytuno gyda’r geirfaoedd llysieuol, sy’n dangos iddynt gael eu llunio gyda’i gilydd. Mae olrhain ffynonellau felly wedi galluogi Diana i ailystyried enwau sawl clefyd a enwir yn y ryseitiau. Er enghraifft, mae’n debyg mai ‘gout’ yw iddwf, nid ‘St Anthony’s Fire’, ac i’r term bolwst gael ei ddefnyddio er mwyn cyfleu ‘dropsy’, nid ‘abdominal complaint’.

Ar yr un pryd, bu’n gweithio ar y testunau Lladin a geir yn y llawysgrifau a llwyddodd i enwi sawl un, gan gynnwys testun llysieuol a dadogir ar Albertus Magnus yn y Llyfr Coch (Pseudo Albertus Magnus, Liber de virtutibus herbarum, sef rhan o’i Liber aggregationis), testun astrolegol tebyg i Lyfr Ffortun Gutun Owain yn LlBYch 14912, a chasgliad o swynion meddygol, emynau, gweddïau, a darnau o sawl gwasanaeth crefyddol a ddefnyddid at gadw iechyd y gymdeithas ac at sicrhau diwedd da i’r rhai a gafodd ddef-nyddio’r llyfr yng Nghaerdydd 3.242. Darllena’r casgliad hwn fel rhyw beth a luniwyd er mwyn darparu gofal diwedd oes mewn ysbyty neu glafdy mynachaidd. Mae testunau yn rhwymiad y llawysgrif hon yn dangos cysylltiad gyda phriordy Llanddewi Nant Hodni, ac mae’n bosibl fod clafdy o’r fath wedi bodoli yno yn oes y llawysgrif.

Yn olaf, ceisiwyd lleoli’r testunau yn agosach, a gwneud ymchwil pellach ar y calendr crefyddol a geir yn LlBYch 14912. Dilyn defnydd Sarum y mae’r calendr, gydag ambell sant o Gymru yn cael ei enwi (Dewi, Curig, Padarn, Derfel a Chewydd). Mae’r rhan fwyaf ohonynt yn ddigon cyffredin yn y calendrau, ac nid ydynt yn awgrymu tarddiad pendant i’r calendr hwn. Ceir Cewydd yn y calendrau sy’n dilyn Sarum, er enghraifft, yn lle Swithin, oherwydd iddynt rannu swyddogaeth a gŵyl. Ond ceir un enw unigryw, a hwnnw yw ‘Ffinnan eremus’, sy’n cael ei enwi yng nghanol Rhagfyr, cyn dydd gŵyl Liwsi. Mae’n debyg mai Finnian o Clonard yn swydd Meath ydyw, ac iddo dreulio rhyw 30 mlynedd yn dysgu gyda Chadog yn Llancarfan cyn iddo ddychwelyd i Iwerddon a sefydlu ei fynachdy ei hun yno. Mae’n debyg hefyd i abaty Clonard yn Iwerddon gael ei ailsefydlu yn y ddeuddegfed ganrif gan Hugh de Lacy, prif noddwr priordy Llanddewi Nant Hodni a gafodd ei benodi yn arglwydd Meath gan Harri II. Cafodd rhenti Clonard a’r cylch eu neilltuo i Landdewi Nant Hodni gan de Lacy, a sefydlodd y canoniaid gell yn Drogheda er mwyn rheoli eu tiroedd yn Iwerddon. Rhoddodd noddwr diweddarach incwm eglwys Sant Finnian i Landdewi Nant Hodni yn dâl am gytundeb y canoniaid i wasanaethu mewn ysbyty a sefydlodd yn Drogheda. Felly, fel Caerdydd 3.242, mae tyst-iolaeth calendr LlBYch 14912 yn awgrymu mai Llanddewi Nant Hodni oedd tarddiad y llawysgrif hon. A yw hyn yn gallu esbonio tarddiad ein testunau meddygol i gyd?

Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru

Prif ddigwyddiad y flwyddyn oedd cyhoeddi apiau newydd y Geiriadur yn Ysgol Penweddig, Aberystwyth, ar 24 Chwef-ror 2016. Fel yr adroddwyd y llynedd, enillwyd grant o £40,500 gan Gronfa Technoleg a Chyfryngau Digidol Cym-raeg Llywodraeth Cymru i ddatblygu apiau iOS ac Android ar gyfer ffonau a thabledi. Siaradodd Gareth Morlais ar ran y Llywodraeth yn y lansiad gan bwysleisio pwysigrwydd adnoddau digidol fel y Geiriadur i ddyfodol yr iaith. Cyfan-soddodd prifathro Penweddig, y Prifardd Gwenallt Llwyd Ifan, englyn arbennig i’r ap:

Yn daclus ar dy declyn lawrlwytho mae gwirio pob geiryn. Ar y map mae Ap i hyn – a chadwer iaith ochodyn.

Mewn cyfweliad ar y rhaglen radio Post Prynhawn ar ôl y lansiad, dywed odd y prifathro, ar ôl iddo weld yr ap am y tro cyntaf, ‘Dw i’n credu fod e’n gam enfawr ymlaen … Roedd yr ap a’r adnoddau ar yr ap yn creu pob mathau o gyfleoedd, ac i fi fel athro, galla i weld potensial aruthrol iddo fe. Dw i’n gallu gweld athrawon yn annog dis-gyblion i ddefnyddio ffonau yn y dosbarth … ac yn chwilio am eiriau, chwilio am darddiad geiriau, a gwneud rhai o’r gweithgareddau a’r posau oedd ynghlwm ag e. Dw i’n credu fod e’n beth fydd yn sbarduno diddordeb mawr.’

Datblygwyd yr apiau yn fedrus iawn gan iLEX Digital Services, cwmni o Gopenhagen, ac maent i’w cael o’r ‘App Store’ a ‘Google Play’ (gweler <http://www.geiriadur.ac.uk/apiau-android-ac-ios/>). Ar ôl arsefydlu’r ap, mae modd lawrlwytho’r holl ddata i’r ddyfais ei hun fel nad oes angen cysylltiad â’r Rhyngrwyd i’w ddefnyddio. Credwn mai dyma’r geiriadur hanesyddol mawr cyntaf i ymddangos fel ap.

Gwenallt Llwyd Ifan

16 17

As part of an initiative to improve the content of the Diction ary by adding new words, 799 new entries were published – approximately 400 at the launch of the apps and about 400 at the National Eisteddfod along with 201 cross references. Here are examples of some of the new words and the date of the first evidence that we have for their use:

Please note that, whilst these are supposedly ‘new’ words, seven of them go back to the 19th century, and three to the 18th century! Only one is first used in this century.

The use of GPC Online and the apps has increased steadily. During the year the server answered nearly 3.5 million enquiries, which equates to an average of approximately 9,600 per day. Of these, the vast majority come via GPC Online (3,250,000) and about a quarter of a million through online use of the apps. Most of the searches (1.2 million) are for Welsh words, and about a tenth of that number for English words.

Altogether the iOS and Android apps have been installed on 2,760 mobile devices. On average over the last six months, there are 56 new installs every week, which is most encour-aging, and also progress has been surprisingly consistent, without showing any tendency to slow down yet. Never-theless, it will be important to continually raise awareness of the apps and GPC Online. Fewer than a quarter of app users have also downloaded the data to their phones, and 185,000 words were looked up on line from the apps and over eight thousand word games played online via the apps.

Awareness of the Dictionary on social media is increasing consistently, with 1,613 ‘likes’ on the Dictionary’s Facebook page and 2,949 followers on Twitter, where ‘Word of the Day’ continues to prove very popular. ‘clecs.cymru’ is growing as an exclusively Welsh social medium, and the Dictionary supports it by publishing the ‘Word of the Day’ for the 339 followers we have on it.

In order to make GPC a more useful resource for the bulk of the population, the present project focuses on preparing new entries for words that have not previously appeared in the Dictionary. Since 2014 we have added 1,281 new words and 254 cross references. At the time of writing there are

over a hundred further words ready for publication. The vast majority of the new words published this year are in the range C–P. Most of A–B has been entirely re-edited after finishing the first edition in 2002, but there are still around 1,400 entries in B– which have not been edited finally, although most of the work on them has been com-pleted. Work continues on the final printed fascicle (Part 13) and as soon as the current work on ‘new’ words has been completed, we shall return to these.

We received excellent news in March that the Welsh Government had decided to award a substantial grant to the Dictionary for the current year in order for the work to continue despite the decision by the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales (HEFCW) to withdraw the Dictionary’s grant with effect from last year. We sincerely hope that this essential funding will ensure the continuity of the work in the current difficult financial climate.

A substantial application was submitted to the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) for a research grant at the end of July 2015, but the application was rejected after a wait of 15 months. While this obviously is disappointing, it strengthens our case for public support from the Gov-ernment. We have submitted an outline research proposal to the Heritage Lottery Fund and are awaiting a response from the officers.

With the centenary of the Dictionary fast approaching, it was decided to establish a Friends of the Dictionary scheme as a means for our loyal users to show their appreciation of the work, and the fact that it is now available free of charge. The Dictionary website has been adapted so that it can accept charitable donations free of income tax via Gift Aid, and it will soon be possible to give money to the project via GPC Online and the apps. Details of the scheme are to be found on the Dictionary’s website and further information will be announced in due course.

We hope that the Friends themselves will also work as ambassadors for the Dictionary, drawing attention to its existence and encouraging a new generation to use it in a digital world where dictionary use is beginning to be for-gotten in the face of Google and Bing.

Alwyn Owen retired from his post as part-time editorial assistant at the end of May. He joined the staff in 2007 after a lengthy career in the National Library of Wales where, amongst other things, he was responsible for the original Online Dictionary of Welsh Biography. He will be sorely missed, not only as a friend and colleague, but also because his position will not be filled in order to make savings. We wish him every happiness in his retirement.

Fel rhan o ymgyrch y Geiriadur i wella cynnwys y gwaith drwy ychwanegu geiriau newydd, cyhoeddwyd 799 o gof-nodion newydd – tua 400 yn lansiad yr apiau a thua 400 yn yr Eisteddfod Genedlaethol ynghyd â 201 o groesgyfeiriadau newydd. Dyma enghreifftiau o rai o’r geiriau newydd a dyddiad y dystiolaeth gyntaf sydd gennym:

Sylwch, er mai geiriau ‘newydd’ yw’r rhain, fod saith ohonynt yn mynd yn ôl i’r 19eg ganrif, a thri i’r 18fed ganrif! Dim ond un sy’n dechrau yn y ganrif hon.

Mae cynnydd cyson wedi bod yn y defnydd o GPC Ar Lein a’r apiau. Yn ystod y flwyddyn mae’r gweinydd wedi ateb yn agos i 3.5 miliwn o ymholiadau, sy’n cyfateb i tua 9,600 bob dydd ar gyfartaledd. O’r rhain, daeth y rhan fwyaf o lawer o’r ymholiadau drwy GPC Ar Lein (3,250,000) a rhyw chwarter miliwn drwy’r apiau. Mae’r rhan fwyaf o’r chwiliadau (1.2 miliwn) am eiriau Cymraeg, a thua degfed y nifer am eiriau Saesneg.

Yn gyfan gwbl mae’r apiau iOS ac Android wedi eu har-sefydlu ar 2,760 o ddyfeisiau symudol. Ar gyfartaledd dros y chwe mis diwethaf, mae 56 o arsefydliadau newydd bob wythnos, sydd yn galonogol iawn, a hefyd mae’r cynnydd wedi bod yn syndod o gyson, heb ddangos unrhyw duedd i arafu eto. Serch hynny, bydd yn bwysig codi ymwybydd-iaeth o’r apiau ac o GPC Ar Lein yn barhaol. Mae llai na chwarter o ddefnyddwyr yr apiau hefyd wedi lawrlwytho’r data i’w ffonau, a chwiliwyd am 185,000 o eiriau ar lein o’r apiau ac mae dros wyth mil o gemau geiriau wedi eu chwarae ar lein drwy gyfrwng yr apiau.

Cynyddodd ymwybyddiaeth o’r Geiriadur ar y cyfryngau cymdeithasol yn gyson, gyda 1,613 yn dewis clicio i ‘hoffi’ tudalen Facebook y Geiriadur a 2,949 o ddilynwyr ar Twit-ter, lle mae ‘Gair y Dydd’ yn profi’n boblogaidd iawn o hyd. Mae ‘clecs.cymru’ yn tyfu fel cyfrwng cymdeithasol cwbl Gymraeg, ac mae’r Geiriadur yn ei gefnogi drwy gyhoeddi ‘Gair y Dydd’ i’r 339 o ddilynwyr sydd gennym arno.

Er mwyn gwneud GPC yn adnodd mwy defnyddiol i drwch y boblogaeth, mae’r prosiect presennol yn canolbwyntio ar baratoi cofnodion newydd ar gyfer geiriau nad ydynt wedi ymddangos yn y Geiriadur o’r blaen. Er 2014 ychwanegwyd

1,281 o eiriau newydd a 254 o groesgyfeiriadau newydd. Ar adeg ysgrifennu’r adroddiad mae dros gant o eiriau eraill yn barod i’w cyhoeddi. Mae’r mwyafrif helaeth o’r geiriau newydd a gyhoeddwyd eleni yn yr ystod C–P. Ailolygwyd y rhan fwyaf o A–B yn llwyr ar ôl gorffen yr argraffiad cyntaf yn 2002, ond erys tua 1,400 o gofnodion yn B– heb eu golygu’n derfynol, er bod y rhan fwyaf o’r gwaith arnynt wedi ei gwblhau. Mae gwaith yn parhau ar y rhifyn print-iedig olaf (Rhan 13) ac unwaith bydd y gwaith presennol ar y geiriau ‘newydd’ wedi ei gwblhau, dychwelwn at y rhain.

Daeth y newyddion da iawn ym mis Mawrth fod Llywod-raeth Cymru wedi penderfynu dyfarnu grant sylweddol i’r Geiriadur am y flwyddyn er mwyn i’r gwaith allu mynd yn ei flaen er gwaethaf penderfyniad Cyngor Cyllido Addysg Uwch Cymru (HEFCW) i ddiddymu’r grant i’r Geiriadur yn y flwyddyn flaenorol. Mawr obeithir y bydd y cyllid cwbl angenrheidiol hwn yn sicrhau parhad y gwaith yn yr hinsawdd ariannol anodd presennol.

Cyflwynwyd cais sylweddol i Gyngor Ymchwil y Celfydd-ydau a’r Dyniaethau (AHRC) am grant ymchwil ddiwedd mis Gorffennaf 2015, ond gwrthodwyd y cais ar ôl 15 mis o aros. Er bod hyn wrth reswm yn siomedig, mae’n cryfhau ein hachos dros gael cefnogaeth gyhoeddus gan y Llywod-raeth. Rydym wedi cyflwyno amlinelliad o brosiect ymchwil i Gronfa Dreftadaeth y Loteri ac rydym yn aros am ymateb gan y swyddogion.

Gyda chanmlwyddiant y Geiriadur yn prysur agosáu, pen-derfynwyd sefydlu cynllun Cyfeillion y Geiriadur fel modd i’n defnyddwyr ffyddlon ddangos eu gwerthfawrogiad o’r gwaith, a’r ffaith ei fod bellach ar gael am ddim. Addaswyd gwefan y Geiriadur fel y gellir derbyn rhoddion elusennol yn rhydd o dreth incwm drwy Rodd Cymorth, a bydd modd rhoi arian i’r prosiect cyn bo hir drwy GPC Ar Lein a’r apiau. Ceir manylion am y cynllun ar wefan y Geiriadur a chyhoeddir rhagor o wybodaeth yn y man.

Gobeithiwn y bydd y Cyfeillion eu hunain hefyd yn gweithio fel llysgenhadon dros y Geiriadur, gan dynnu sylw at ei fodolaeth ac annog cenhedlaeth newydd i’w ddefnyddio mewn byd digidol lle mae defnyddio geiriaduron yn dechrau mynd yn angof yn wyneb Google a Bing.

Ymddeolodd Alwyn Owen o’i swydd ran-amser fel cynorth-wyydd golygyddol ddiwedd mis Mai. Ymunodd â’r staff yn 2007 ar ôl gyrfa hir yn y Llyfrgell Genedlaethol lle y bu, ymhlith pethau eraill, yn gyfrifol am y Bywgraffiadur Cym-reig Ar-lein gwreiddiol. Bydd bwlch mawr ar ei ôl, nid yn unig fel cyfaill a chyd-weithiwr, ond hefyd am na lenwir ei swydd er mwyn arbed arian. Dymunwn bob hapusrwydd iddo yn ei ymddeoliad.

cyddwysiad (1850) hectar (1881) lewcemia (1953) cyfeiriannu (1981) heroin (1938) llawdriniad (1986) ecolegol (1936) hipi (1970) llifddol (1959) ecosystem (1975)hollbwysig (1798) llosgachol (1986) echdoriad (1959) hunanarlwyol (1988) macrobiotig (1995) eirafyrddio (2002) hyfforddai1 (1986) maetheg (1850) electromagnetig (1943) imiwn (1967) neigarwch (1778) embargo (1869) integreiddiad (1973) newyddair (18–19g.) gastronomeg (1995) ioga (1860) obstetrig (1971) genyn (1952) isobar (1953) ocwltiaeth (1960)Gestapo (1940) jacpot (1982) ogofa (1995) gimic (1957) jargon (1853) paedoffil (1987) glasfyfyriwr (1964) labrador (1977) paprica (1976) glawcoma (1934)lansiad (1859) parafeddyg (1995)

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The Dictionary of Welsh Biography

Frequent users of The Dictionary of Welsh Biography will no doubt be aware of the improvements which have been made to the website this year, in terms of overall clarity of presentation, and in particular the images which are now attached to some of the articles. These images are from the National Library’s special collections, including a number of early photographs as well as more recent ones by Julian Sheppard who was commissioned by the Arts Council to photograph authors such as T. H. Parry-Williams, Kate Roberts and Cynan. And the images are not just of the sub-jects of the articles, but also of some of their products, such as an almanac published by Thomas Jones in 1683 and a manuscript in the hand of the poet Lewys Glyn Cothi. This shows the advantage of being able to connect directly to the

NLW ‘Digital Mirror’, and the potential in the Library’s portrait collection is enormous. The partnership with the Library has also enabled us to collaborate more closely with ‘Wikipedia’ and with the ‘People’s Collection’.

The work of filling gaps since 1970 continues, and amongst notable articles added this year are ones on Gwynfor Evans, Dorothy Squires, Car-wyn James, Kate Bosse-Griffiths and Glanmor Williams. Efforts to increase the proportion of women in DWB are also ongoing, and the assistant-editor Dr Marion Löffler has been col-laborating with members of the Welsh Wom-en’s Archive to achieve this. Marion herself wrote the brand-new article on Augusta Hall, lady Llanover, which was published to coincide with the National Eisteddfod at Abergavenny in 2016, and other articles have been added on the

actress Rachel Thomas, the harpist Nansi Richards, and the journalist Jennie Eirian Davies. The DWB Advis-

ory Board met in July 2016, and we are extremely grateful to the members for their advice, to the

National Librarian Linda Tomos for her enthu-siastic support, to Morfudd Nia Jones for her essential work uploading new material onto the website, and to all the authors who have contributed articles on a voluntary basis.

Postgraduate Studies

Headed by Dr Marion Löffler, our postgraduate study pro-gramme has been going from strength to strength. We now have seven full-time students and one part-time student. In October 2015 we enrolled four students to work on ‘The treatment of voiceless stops after verbs in Middle Welsh’, ‘The Welsh wrecker 1700–1830’, ‘Cyfieithiadau Cymraeg, c.1750–c.1900’, and ‘Northern English Travellers to Wales and Scotland 1760–1840’. Almost at the same time, we conducted our first viva voce examinations and are proud to report successful outcomes. We congratulate Dr Emily Pennifold and Dr Martin Crampin most heartily on com-pleting their PhD projects at the Centre well within time and gaining their doctorates. Emily found employment in her field of expertise immediately, and Martin remains a valuable member of staff here at the Centre.

Our students have made us proud worldwide this year. They presented their work at national and international conferences and workshops in Aberystwyth, Cambridge, Copenhagen, Edinburgh, Gregynog, Harvard, Heidelberg, Lampeter, London, Paris and Sydney. Rhian James and Linus Band gave well-received presentations on their work at a workshop which the Centre, in cooperation with the National Library of Wales, organized for all the postgradu-ates of our AHRC Centre for Doctoral Training in January 2016, and Kirsty McHugh delivered a paper, ‘Manuscript travel accounts of Scotland and Wales’, at the ‘Cardiff Romanticism and Eighteenth-Century Seminar’ in May. Rhys Kaminsky-Jones organized his own interdisciplinary conference on ‘Celts, Romans and Britons: Classical and Celtic Influence in Britain, 55 bc–ad 2016’ at Oxford in July, and Dewi Huw Owen contributed an article on his research to Llên Cymru, kept a translation blog and made a short film on Shakespeare in Welsh. We look forward to next year’s work and successes!

Postgraduate training in transferable skills is an important component on the way to success, and in order to further our students, we have developed a training programme tailor-made for the Humanities, which this year has included sessions on defining research questions, writing research proposals and defining research methodology, and a workshop on the writing and editing of doctoral theses and academic publications. Our lunchtime seminar series and the mock vivas held for Emily and Martin were part of the programme. We hope that Linus and Rhys, who are close to submitting their theses, have benefitted from these workshops, and we wish them all the best in the final phase of writing up and in their examinations.

Y Bywgraffiadur Cymreig

Mae’n siŵr fod defnyddwyr cyson Y Bywgraffiadur wedi sylwi ar y gwelliannau a wnaed i’r wefan eleni, o ran eglurder y cyflwyniad yn gyffredinol, ac yn enwedig y lluniau sydd ynghlwm â rhai o’r erthyglau erbyn hyn. Daw’r lluniau hyn o gasgliadau arbennig y Llyfrgell Genedlaethol, gan gynnwys nifer o ffotograffau cynnar a rhai diwedd arach gan Julian Sheppard a gomisiynwyd gan Gyngor y Celfydd-ydau i dynnu lluniau awduron fel T. H. Parry- Williams, Kate Roberts a Cynan. Ac nid lluniau o wrthrychau’r erthyglau yn unig sydd yna, ond hefyd beth o’u cynnyrch, megis almanac a gyhoeddwyd gan Thomas Jones yn 1683 a llawysgrif yn llaw’r bardd Lewys Glyn Cothi. Dyma’r fantais o allu cysylltu’n uniongyrchol â ‘Drych Digidol’ y Llyfrgell, ac mae potensial ei chasgliad portreadau’n enfawr. Bu’r bartner iaeth â’r Llyfrgell hefyd yn fodd i gydweithio’n agosach â ‘Wicipedia’ ac â ‘Chasgliad y Werin’.

Mae’r gwaith o lenwi bylchau yn y cyfnod ers 1970 yn parhau, ac ymhlith yr erthyglau newydd nodedig a ychwanegwyd eleni y mae rhai ar Gwynfor Evans, Dorothy Squires, Carwyn James, Kate Bosse-Griffiths a Glanmor Williams. Mae’r ymdrech i gyn-yddu’r gyfran o ferched yn Y Bywgraffiadur yn parhau hefyd, ac mae’r is-olygydd Dr Marion Löffler wedi bod yn cydweithio â rhai o aelodau Archif Menywod Cymru i fynd i’r afael â hyn. Gwaith Marion ei hun oedd yr erthygl newydd sbon ar Augusta Hall, arglwyddes Llanofer, a gyhoeddwyd i gyd-fynd ag Eisteddfod Genedlaethol Y Fenni 2016, ac ychwanegwyd erthyglau eraill ar yr actores Rachel Thomas, y delynores Nansi Richards, a’r newyddiadurwraig Jennie Eirian Davies. Cynhaliwyd cyfarfod o Fwrdd Ymgyng-horol y Bywgraffiadur ym mis Gorffennaf 2016, ac rydym yn ddiolchgar iawn i’r aelodau am eu cyngor, i’r Llyfrgellydd Cened-laethol Linda Tomos am ei chefnogaeth frwd, i Mor-fudd Nia Jones am ei gwaith anhepgor wrth lwytho deunydd newydd ar y wefan, ac i’r holl awduron sy’n cyfrannu erthyglau’n wirfoddol.

Astudiaethau Ôl-Radd

Dan arweiniad Dr Marion Löffler, mae ein rhaglen astud-iaethau ôl-radd wedi bod yn mynd o nerth i nerth. Mae gennym bellach saith myfyriwr llawn amser ac un rhan amser. Ym mis Hydref 2015 cofrestrodd pedwar myfyriwr newydd i weithio ar ‘The treatment of voiceless stops after verbs in Middle Welsh’, ‘The Welsh wrecker 1700–1830’, ‘Cyfieithiadau Cymraeg, c.1750–c.1900’, a ‘Northern English travellers to Wales and Scotland 1760–1840’. Yr un pryd bron, cynhaliwyd ein harholiadau llafar cyntaf ac rydym yn falch o gyhoeddi i’r canlyniadau fod yn llwyddiannus. Llongyfarchiadau calonnog i Dr Emily Pennifold a Dr Mar-tin Crampin ar gwblhau eu prosiectau PhD yn y Ganolfan yn braf o fewn pryd ac ar ennill eu doethuriaethau. Penod-wyd Emily i swydd yn ei maes arbenigol yn syth, ac mae Martin yn parhau i fod yn aelod gwerthfawr o’r staff yma yn y Ganolfan. Mae ein myfyrwyr wedi bod yn destun balchder i ni ar lefel fyd-eang eleni. Buont yn cyflwyno eu gwaith mewn cynad-leddau a gweithdai cenedlaethol a rhyngwladol yn Aberyst-wyth, Caeredin, Caer-grawnt, Copenhagen, Gregynog, Harvard, Heidelberg, Llanbedr Pont Steffan, Llundain, Paris a Sydney. Cafwyd derbyniad da i gyflwyniadau Rhian James a Linus Band ar eu gwaith mewn gweithdy a gynhaliodd y Ganolfan mewn cydweithrediad â Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru ar gyfer holl fyfyrwyr ôl-radd ein Canolfan Hyffordd-iant Doethurol dan nawdd yr AHRC ym mis Ionawr 2016, a bu Kirsty McHugh yn traddodi papur ar ‘Manuscript travel accounts of Scotland and Wales’ i’r ‘Cardiff Romanticism and Eighteenth-Century Seminar’ ym mis Mai. Cynhaliodd Rhys Kaminsky-Jones gynhad ledd ryngddisgyblaethol ar ‘Celts, Romans and Britons: Classical and Celtic Influence in Britain, 55 bc–ad 2016’ yn Rhydychen ym mis Gorffennaf, a chyfrannodd Dewi Huw Owen erthygl ar ei waith ymchwil i Lên Cymru, yn ogystal â chadw blog ar gyfieithu a gwneud ffilm fer ar Shakespeare yn Gymraeg. Edrychwn ymlaen at waith a llwyddiannau’r flwyddyn nesaf!

Mae hyfforddiant ôl-radd mewn sgiliau trosglwyddadwy yn elfen bwysig ar y ffordd i lwyddiant, ac er mwyn rhoi gwell cyfle i’n myfyrwyr, rydym wedi datblygu rhaglen hyfforddi benodol ar gyfer y Dyniaethau, a oedd eleni’n cynnwys sesiynau ar ddiffinio cwestiynau ymchwil, ysgrifennu cynigion ymchwil a diffinio methodoleg ymchwil, a gweithdy ar ysgrifennu a golygu traethodau a chyhoedd-iadau academaidd. Rhannau eraill o’r rhaglen oedd y gyfres o seminarau awr ginio a’r arholiadau llafar ffug a gafodd Emily a Martin. Gobeithiwn fod Linus a Rhys, sy’n agos i gyflwyno eu traethodau, wedi elwa o’r gweithdai hyn, a dymunwn yn dda iddynt gyda’r cam olaf o ysgrifennu ac yn eu harholiadau.

Llun: pwy?Augusta Hall?

Augusta Hall, arglwyddes Llanofer

Augusta Hall, lady Llanover

Gwynfor Evans, 1959Llun gan Geoff Charles, Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru

Photo by Georff Charles, National Library of Wales

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Collaboration with Other InstitutionsOur grateful thanks are due to our academic partners for their fruitful cooperation on projects completed this year, namely the University of Oxford and King’s College Lon-don on ‘Atlantic Europe in the Metal Ages’, and Bangor and Swansea universities on ‘European Travellers to Wales’. Collaboration continues happily on the Saints project with Aberystwyth, the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies and Trinity Saint David, on ‘Curious Travellers’ with Glasgow, on the place-names of Shropshire with Nottingham, and on The Dictionary of Welsh Biography with the National Library. And we welcome the new partnership with the universities of Leicester, Nottingham and Southampton on the ‘Flood and Flow’ project.

Meetings and seminars were held at the Centre during the year by the Ceredigion Historical Society, Seminar Cyfraith Hywel, the Cambrian Archaeological Society, and the National Library of Wales.

ConferencesOn 24 October 2015 the ‘Knowledge Transfer and Social Networks’ project held at the National Library of Wales an international workshop entitled ‘The Amateur Historian and Knowledge Exchange in Nineteenth-Century Europe’, as well as opening an exhibition on the life and times of Thomas Stephens. As was mentioned in the project report, the lectures were delivered by speakers from nine Euro-pean countries: Dr Pieter Huistra on ‘The construction of a historical fact: how Laurens Janszoon Coster became the inventor of the printing press’; Professor Ilaria Porciani on ‘Amateur scholars, patronage, and representation at the margins of the Hapsburg empire (1861–84)’; Dr Monika Baár on ‘Amateur historians on the periphery: a blessing in disguise?’ (plenary); Gwyn Griffiths on ‘Frédéric Mistral as a Provençal historian’; Ciaran McDonough on ‘William

Wilde’s nineteenth-century Irish antiquarian travel writing; Professor Christopher Harvie on ‘Mobilizing the locals: Walter Scott, David Brewster and the March of Mind, 1820–32’; Dr Neele Müller on ‘Wilhelm Obermüller: Celticist, dissident, revolutionary’; Professor Huw Pryce on ‘From France to Wales: Harry Longueville Jones (1806–70) and the making of national archaeology’; and Dr Marion Löffler on ‘Class, ethnicity, and religion: the marginalized Welsh amateur scholar before 1875’.

A week later, on 31 October, the ‘Atlantic Europe in the Metal Ages’ project held their one-day forum, ‘Beaker People, Archaeogenetics & Celtic Origins’, again at the National Library. It comprised sessions on genetics, archaeology and linguistics, and in each of these speakers of international renown discussed their fields of expertise: Dr Wolfgang Haak, ‘New work on ancient DNA and possible linguistic implications’; Professor Martin B. Richards, ‘Archaeogenet-ics and “Celtic origins”’; Dr Maria Pala, ‘Phylogeography and the near eastern settlement of Europe’; Professor Kristian Kristiansen, ‘Genetics, migrations and language spread’; Dr Peter Bray, ‘Biographies or prosopographies: narratives of metal movement and use in 3rd millennium bc Atlantic Europe’; Dr Kerri Cleary and Dr Catriona Gibson, ‘Beaker to Early Bronze Age burial in Atlantic Europe: questions of shared ideologies?’; Peter Kitson, ‘Movements of great waters and the genesis of Indo-European’; and Professor John T. Koch and Dr Fernando Fernández Palacios, ‘Some third-millennium questions: PIE > PC — where? when? how?’ Discussion sessions were led by Professor Stephen Oppenheimer and Professor Sir Barry Cunliffe.

The ‘Layered Landscapes: Geology and Travel in Roman-tic-Era Britain’ conference was held at the National Museum Cardiff on 27 November. It was co-organized by National Museum Wales and the ‘Curious Travellers’ project to coincide with an exhibition celebrating the bicentenary of William Smith’s Geological Map of Britain (1815). Following a welcome by Dr Richard Bevins, Keeper of Natural Sci-ences at National Museum Wales, Dr Elizabeth Edwards delivered a paper on ‘ “one stratum above another”: travel writing as Romantic geology’; Dr R. Paul Evans on ‘Thomas Pennant’s geological connections’; Dr Shelley Trower on ‘Primitive rocks: Cornwall’s sublime and industrial land-scapes’; Professor Martin Rudwick on ‘Landscape art and hard-nosed geology in the Romantic era’ (plenary); Dr Tom Furniss on ‘Representing Staffa: from enlightenment geology to Romantic aesthetics?’; and Tom Cotterell on ‘Travellers’ descriptions of the geology of Parys Mountain copper-mine’. Tom Sharpe, curator of the exhibition, gave an introduction to William Smith’s work, and to end the day Philip Gross and others presented readings from the anthology MAP: Poems after William Smith’s Geological Map

of 1815, edited by Michael McKimm (Worple Press, 2015).

Cydweithrediad â Sefydliadau EraillPleser yw diolch i’n partneriaid academaidd am eu cyd-weithrediad ffrwythlon ar brosiectau a gwblhawyd eleni, sef Prifysgol Rhydychen a Choleg y Brenin Llundain ar ‘Ewrop Môr Iwerydd yn Oesoedd y Metelau’, a phrifysgol-ion Abertawe a Bangor ar ‘Teithwyr Ewropeaidd i Gymru’. Mae’r cydweithio yn mynd rhagddo’n hwylus ar brosiect y Seintiau gydag Aberystwyth, Sefydliad Uwchefrydiau Dulyn a’r Drindod Dewi Sant, ar y ‘Teithwyr Chwilfrydig’ gyda Glasgow, ar enwau lleoedd swydd Amwythig gyda Nottingham, ac ar Y Bywgraffiadur Cymreig gyda’r Llyfrgell Genedlaethol. A chroesawn y bartneriaeth newydd gyda phrifysgolion Caerlŷr, Nottingham a Southampton ar brosiect ‘Llif a Llifogydd’.

Yn ystod y flwyddyn cynhaliwyd cyfarfodydd a seminarau yn y Ganolfan gan Gymdeithas Hanes Ceredigion, Seminar Cyfraith Hywel, Cymdeithas Hynafiaethau Cymru, a Llyfr-gell Genedlaethol Cymru.

CynadleddauAr 24 Hydref 2015 cynhaliodd prosiect ‘Trosglwyddo Gwybodaeth a Rhwydweithiau Cymdeithasol’ weithdy rhyngwladol yn Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru, dan y teitl ‘Yr Hanesydd Amatur a Chyfnewid Gwybodaeth yn Ewrop yn y Bedwaredd Ganrif ar Bymtheg’, yn ogystal ag agor arddangosfa ar fywyd ac amserau Thomas Stephens. Fel y soniwyd yn yr adroddiad ar y prosiect, cafwyd dar-lithoedd gan siaradwyr o naw gwlad gwahanol yn Ewrop: Dr Pieter Huistra ar ‘The construction of a historical fact: how Laurens Janszoon Coster became the inventor of the printing press’; yr Athro Ilaria Porciani ar ‘Amateur schol-ars, patronage, and representation at the margins of the Hapsburg empire (1861–84)’; Dr Monika Baár ar ‘Amateur historians on the periphery: a blessing in disguise?’ (y brif ddarlith); Gwyn Griffiths ar ‘Frédéric Mistral as a Provençal

historian’; Ciaran McDonough ar ‘William Wilde’s nine-teenth-century Irish antiquarian travel writing; yr Athro Christopher Harvie ar ‘Mobilizing the locals: Walter Scott, David Brewster and the March of Mind, 1820–32’; Dr Neele Müller ar ‘Wilhelm Obermüller: Celticist, dissident, revolutionary’; yr Athro Huw Pryce ar ‘From France to Wales: Harry Longueville Jones (1806–70) and the making of national archaeology’; a Dr Marion Löffler ar ‘Class, ethnicity, and religion: the marginalized Welsh amateur scholar before 1875’.

Wythnos yn ddiweddarach, ar 31 Hydref, cynhaliodd prosiect ‘Ewrop Môr Iwerydd yn Oesoedd y Metelau’ eu fforwm undydd, ‘Pobl y Biceri, Geneteg y Cynfyd ac Ymdarddiad y Celtiaid’, eto yn y Llyfrgell Genedlaethol. Roedd yn cynnwys sesiynau ar geneteg, archaeoleg ac ieithyddiaeth, ac ym mhob un o’r sesiynau hyn cafwyd siaradwyr o fri rhyngwladol yn trafod meysydd eu harbenigedd: Dr Wolfgang Haak, ‘New work on ancient DNA and possible linguistic implications’; yr Athro Martin B. Richards, ‘Archaeogenetics and “Celtic origins”’; Dr Maria Pala, ‘Phylogeography and the near eastern settlement of Europe’; yr Athro Kristian Kristian-sen, ‘Genetics, migrations and language spread’; Dr Peter Bray, ‘Biographies or prosopographies: narratives of metal movement and use in 3rd millennium bc Atlantic Europe’; Dr Kerri Cleary a Dr Catriona Gibson, ‘Beaker to Early Bronze Age burial in Atlantic Europe: questions of shared ideologies?’; Peter Kitson, ‘Movements of great waters and the genesis of Indo-European’; a’r Athro John T. Koch a Dr Fernando Fernández Palacios, ‘Some third-millennium questions: PIE > PC — where? when? how?’ Arweiniwyd sesiynau trafod gan yr Athro Stephen Oppenheimer a’r Athro Syr Barry Cunliffe.

Yn Amgueddfa Genedlaethol Caerdydd y cynhaliwyd y gynhadledd ‘Haenau Tirwedd: Daeareg a Theithio ym Mhrydain yn y Cyfnod Rhamantaidd’ ar 27 Tachwedd. Roedd wedi ei threfnu ar y cyd rhwng Amgueddfa Cymru a phrosiect y ‘Teithwyr Chwilfrydig’ i gyd-daro ag arddangosfa yn nodi daucanmlwyddiant y Geological Map of

Britain gan William Smith (1815). Yn dilyn gair o groeso gan Dr Richard Bevins, Pennaeth Astudiaethau Natur yr Amgueddfa, traddododd Dr Elizabeth Edwards bapur ar ‘ “one stratum above another”: travel writing as Romantic geology’; Dr R. Paul Evans ar ‘Thomas Pennant’s geological connections’; Dr Shelley Trower ar ‘Primitive rocks: Corn-wall’s sublime and industrial landscapes’; yr Athro Martin Rudwick ar ‘Landscape art and hard-nosed geology in the Romantic era’ (y brif ddarlith); Dr Tom Furniss ar ‘Rep-resenting Staffa: from enlightenment geology to Romantic aesthetics?’; a Tom Cotterell ar ‘Travellers’ descriptions of the geology of Parys Mountain copper-mine’. Cafwyd cyf-lwyniad i waith William Smith gan Tom Sharpe, curadur yr arddangosfa, ac i ddiweddu’r dydd cyflwynodd Philip Gross

Siaradwyr yng nghynhadledd ‘Yr Hanesydd Amatur a Chyfnewid Gwybodaeth yn Ewrop yn y Bedwaredd Ganrif ar Bymtheg’Speakers at ‘The Amateur Historian and Knowledge Exchange in Nineteenth-Century Europe’ conference

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Two of the Centre’s projects, ‘Curious Travellers’ and ‘European Travellers to Wales’, came together to organize the ‘Wales and Scotland in European Travel Writing’ conference, held at the National Library on 16 April 2016. The aim was to explore perceptions of Wales and Scotland in a century’s worth of travel writing from Continental Europe and Ireland between 1760 and 1870, and the var-ious contributions included Dr Mary-Ann Constantine’s paper on ‘Continental Pennant: the 1765 Tour’; Dr Heather Williams’s on ‘Faire des livres avec des livres’: French travel writers on Wales read Pennant and others’; Professor Carol Tully’s on ‘The reception of Thomas Pennant in the Ger-man-speaking lands: facts, fictions and the Celtic nations’; Professor Barbara Schaff’s on ‘Resonances of Thomas Pennant in German travel writing on Britain’; Dr Richard Allen’s on ‘ “To write so as to be understood by Nobody”: the secret life of an eighteenth-century lawyer and his tour of lowland Scotland in 1773’; Dr Pawel Hamera’s on ‘Nine-teenth-century Scotland as seen by a Pole: Krystyn Lach-Szyrma and his Anglia i Szkocya’; Professor Finola O’ Kane’s on ‘Scottish Highlanders in the Irish ‘Highlands’: Scotland’s role in forming the counter-revolutionary tourism of post-1798 Ireland’; Dr Elizabeth Edwards’s on ‘Irish in Wales: crosscurrents of travel and correspondence for the Ladies of Llangollen’; and Emeritus Professor Richard Tholoniat’s on ‘Welsh identity and French passions 1814–1914’.

This year’s Poets of the Nobility Forum, held in the Centre on 14 May, focused on Gutun Owain and the literary trad-ition in north-east Wales. An account of the proceedings is given above in the project report.

On 21 May the ‘Curious Travellers’ team held another interdisciplinary event, this time to accompany the

‘Romanticism in the Welsh Landscape’ exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art, Machynlleth. Entitled ‘The Power of Place’, its aim was to explore responses to the landscape in the works of writers and artists who travelled in Wales from the late eighteenth century to the present. The speakers were: Professor Damian Walford Davies on ‘The Wye corridor: ruins, tombs and sweet spots’; Dr Mary-Ann Constantine on ‘ “A city not made with hands”: visions of Snowdonia 1799/1800’; Dr Elizabeth Edwards on ‘Watercolour, extreme weather, electricity: Cornelius Varley in north Wales 1803–5’; Professor John Barrell on ‘Edward Pugh: landscape and topography’; Andrew Green on ‘John Sell Cotman: Wales observed, Wales recalled’; Dr Peter Wakelin (exhibition curator) on ‘The green fuse: Wales and neo-romanticism’; Dr Luke Thurston on ‘David Jones, landscape and war’; and Professor Helen Sear on ‘The landscape looks back: the artist’s relationship with photog-raphy and place’.

SeminarsWe are indebted to Dr Angharad Elias for organizing a very successful series of seminars once again this year. We thank each of the following speakers:

Dr Silva Nurmio (Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), ‘Enwau torfol ac enwau cynnull yn y Gymraeg’.

Professor Philip Schwyzer (University of Exeter), ‘Trans-lations: Welsh voices on the English stage and page, 1570–1620’.

Professor Barry Lewis (Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), ‘Magna, chwaer Dewi Sant, ac eglwys ddiflanedig yng Ngheredigion’.

Dr Lloyd Bowen (Cardiff University), ‘Anatomy of a duel: gentry honour and litigation in early modern Wales’.

Dr Rhianedd Jewell (Aberystwyth University), ‘Wynebu’r her: cyfieithiadau dramataidd Saunders Lewis’. Dr Rita Singer (CAWCS), ‘A picture of a country: illus-trated travel accounts by European travellers to Wales, 1750–2015’.

Dr Dewi Wyn Evans (University College Dublin), ‘John Minsheu a’r iaith Gymraeg’. Professor Angela V. John (Swansea University), ‘The long and the short of it: the challenges of writing biographical history’.

ac eraill ddarlleniadau o’r casgliad MAP: Poems

after William Smith’s Geological Map of 1815 dan olygyddiaeth Michael McKimm (Worple Press, 2015).

Dau o brosiectau’r Ganolfan, ‘Teithwyr Chwil-frydig’ a ‘Teithwyr Ewropeaidd i Gymru’, a ddaeth at ei gilydd i gynnal cynhadledd ‘Cymru a’r Alban mewn Ysgrifau Teithio o Ewrop’ yn y Llyfrgell Genedlaethol ar 16 Ebrill 2016. Y nod oedd archwilio’r delweddau o Gymru a’r Alban a geir mewn llenyddiaeth daith o gyfandir Ewrop ac Iwerddon rhwng 1760 ac 1870 a chafwyd amrywiaeth o gyfraniadau, yn cynnwys darlith Dr Mary-Ann Constantine ar ‘Continental Pennant: the 1765 Tour’; Dr Heather Williams ar ‘Faire des livres avec des livres’: French travel writers on Wales read Pennant and others’; yr Athro Carol Tully ar ‘The reception of Thomas Pennant in the Ger-man-speaking lands: facts, fictions and the Celtic nations’; yr Athro Barbara Schaff ar ‘Resonances of Thomas Pennant in German travel writing on Britain’; Dr Richard Allen ar ‘ “To write so as to be understood by Nobody”: the secret life of an eighteenth-century lawyer and his tour of lowland Scotland in 1773’; Dr Pawel Hamera ar ‘Nineteenth-century Scotland as seen by a Pole: Krystyn Lach-Szyrma and his Anglia i Szkocya’; yr Athro Finola O’ Kane ar ‘Scottish High-landers in the Irish ‘Highlands’: Scotland’s role in forming the counter-revolutionary tourism of post-1798 Ireland’; Dr Elizabeth Edwards ar ‘Irish in Wales: crosscurrents of travel and correspondence for the Ladies of Llangollen’; a’r Athro Emeritws Richard Tholoniat ar ‘Welsh identity and French passions 1814–1914’.

‘Gutun Owain a Thraddodiad Llenyddol y Gogledd-Ddwyrain’ oedd pwnc fforwm blynyddol Beirdd yr Uchel-wyr, a gynhaliwyd yn y Ganolfan ar 14 Mai. Sonnir am y cyfraniadau a gafwyd uchod yn adroddiad y prosiect.

Ar 21 Mai cynhaliodd prosiect y ‘Teithwyr Chwilfrydig’ ddigwyddiad rhyngddisgyblaethol arall, y tro hwn i gyd-fynd ag arddangosfa ‘Rhamantiaeth a Thirwedd Cymru’ yr Amgueddfa Celf Fodern ym Machynlleth. Y nod i ‘Atyniad Lle’ oedd edrych ar ymatebion awduron ac artistiaid i dir-wedd Cymru, wrth iddyn nhw deithio ar draws y wlad o ddiwedd y ddeunawfed ganrif ymlaen. Y siaradwyr oedd: yr Athro Damian Walford Davies ar ‘The Wye corridor: ruins, tombs and sweet spots’; Dr Mary-Ann Constantine ar ‘ “A city not made with hands”: visions of Snowdonia 1799/1800’; Dr Elizabeth Edwards ar ‘Watercolour, extreme weather, electricity: Cornelius Varley in north Wales 1803–5’; yr Athro John Barrell ar ‘Edward Pugh: landscape and topography’; Andrew Green ar ‘John Sell

Cotman: Wales observed, Wales recalled’; Dr Peter Wake-lin (curadur yr arddangosfa) ar ‘The green fuse: Wales and neo-romanticism’; Dr Luke Thurston ar ‘David Jones, land-scape and war’; a’r Athro Helen Sear ar ‘The landscape looks back: the artist’s relationship with photography and place’.

Seminarau Rydym yn ddyledus i Dr Angharad Elias am drefnu cyfres lwyddiannus iawn o seminarau eleni eto. Diolchwn i bob un o’r siaradwyr canlynol:

Dr Silva Nurmio (Sefydliad Uwchefrydiau Dulyn), ‘Enwau torfol ac enwau cynnull yn y Gymraeg’.

Yr Athro Philip Schwyzer (Prifysgol Exeter), ‘Translations: Welsh voices on the English stage and page, 1570–1620’.

Yr Athro Barry Lewis (Sefydliad Uwchefrydiau Dulyn), ‘Magna, chwaer Dewi Sant, ac eglwys ddiflanedig yng Ngheredigion’.

Dr Lloyd Bowen (Prifysgol Caerdydd), ‘Anatomy of a duel: gentry honour and litigation in early modern Wales’.

Dr Rhianedd Jewell (Prifysgol Aberystwyth), ‘Wynebu’r her: cyfieithiadau dramataidd Saunders Lewis’. Dr Rita Singer (Y Ganolfan), ‘A picture of a country: illus-trated travel accounts by European travellers to Wales, 1750–2015’.

Dr Dewi Wyn Evans (Coleg Prifysgol Dulyn), ‘John Min-sheu a’r iaith Gymraeg’. Yr Athro Angela V. John (Prifysgol Abertawe), ‘The long and the short of it: the challenges of writing biographical history’.

Siaradwyr yng nghynhadledd ‘Cymru a’r Alban mewn Ysgrifau Teithio o Ewrop’Speakers at the ‘Wales and Scotland in European Travel Writing’ conference

Dr Mary-Ann Constantine yn siarad yn yr Amgueddfa Celf Fodern ym MachynllethDr Mary-Ann Constantine speaking at the Museum of Modern Art, Machynlleth

24 25

Dr Iwan Wyn Rees (Cardiff University), ‘Goleuni newydd ar amrywiadau tafodieithol ardaloedd trawsnewid canol-barth Cymru’.

Michael Freeman (Aberystwyth), ‘ “Strewn with scented flowers”: tourists’ comments on two Welsh burial customs’.

Editorial and Public Work

Mary-ann Constantine

Member of the Editorial Board of North American Journal of

Celtic Studies

Member of the Editorial Board of Enlightenment and Dissent Member of the Editorial Board of Welsh Writing in English Member of the Advisory Panel of Planet

Member of the Advisory Panel of the European Travellers to Wales 1750–2010 ProjectMember of the Advisory Board of the Thomas Chatterton Society

Martin CraMpin

Advisor to the Stained Glass Committee of the Church of England Church Buildings Council

sarah Down-roberts

Editor of ‘Gwales’

angharaD FyChan

Secretary and Member of the Board of the Welsh Place-Name SocietyMember of the Welsh Language Commissioner’s Place-Names Standardization Panel

anDrew hawke

Language Consultant (Welsh and Cornish) for the Oxford

English Dictionary

Member of the Advisory Board of Faclair na Gàidhlig (his-torical dictionary of Scottish Gaelic) Member of the Advisory Board of DECHE (Digitising, E-Publishing and Language Corpus) of the Coleg Cymraeg Cenedlaethol UK Representative on the Management Committee of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action, ENeL (European Network for e-Lexicography)Member of committee to establish the Welsh Standardiza-tion Panel (Coleg Cymraeg Cenedlaethol)Secretary of the Subject Benchmark Statement group for Welsh (QAA)Chair of the University of Wales Branch of the University and College Union (UCU)

DaFyDD Johnston

Chief Editor of Studia Celtica

Editor of The Dictionary of Welsh Biography

Member of the Editorial Board of Cambrian Medieval Celtic

Studies Member of the Advisory Board of the National Library of WalesExternal Examiner for Welsh, Aberystwyth University

John koCh

Series Editor of Celtic Studies PublicationsEditor of the language and literature section, Studia Celtica

Marion LöFFLer

Assistant Editor of The Dictionary of Welsh Biography

Member of the Broadcasting Panel of ‘Pedwar Ban Byd’ of the Coleg Cymraeg Cenedlaethol

ann parry owen

Editor of the Poets of the Nobility SeriesSpecialist Consultant for Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru

Member of the Editorial Board of Geiriadur Cymraeg Gomer, D. Geraint Lewis and Nudd LewisMember of the Advisory Board of ‘A History of Book Culture in Wales and South-West England 1400–1600’, a collaborative project between Cardiff, Bristol, Bath and Exeter universities External Examiner for an MPhil thesis, Cardiff University

DaviD parsons

Editor of Nomina (the journal of the Society for Name-Stud-ies in Britain and Ireland)Member of the Editorial Board of Journal of the English Place­

Name Society

Member of AHRC Peer Review CollegeMember of Council, Deputy Director, and Vice-President of the English Place-Name SocietyMember of Council of the Welsh Place-Name Society Member of Council of the Society for Name Studies in Britain and IrelandMember of the British Academy Corpus of Anglo-Saxon Stone Sculpture Project Committee

heather wiLLiaMs

Chair of the judges for the M. Wynn Thomas Prize of the Association of Welsh Writing in English

Library ResourcesWe are very grateful to our librarian, Elisabeth Howells, for maintaining our valuable collections of books and journals in good order, and for her willing assistance to members of staff.

The Centre wishes to thank the following institutions and individuals for their donations to the library: Mr Gareth

Dr Iwan Wyn Rees (Prifysgol Caerdydd), ‘Goleuni newydd ar amrywiadau tafodieithol ardaloedd trawsnewid canol-barth Cymru’.

Michael Freeman (Aberystwyth), ‘ “Strewn with scented flowers”: tourists’ comments on two Welsh burial customs’.

Gwaith Golygyddol a Chyhoeddus

Mary-ann Constantine

Aelod o Fwrdd Golygyddol North American Journal of Celtic

Studies

Aelod o Fwrdd Golygyddol Enlightenment and Dissent

Aelod o Fwrdd Golygyddol Welsh Writing in English

Aelod o Banel Ymgynghorol Planet

Aelod o Banel Ymgynghorol Prosiect Teithwyr Ewropeaidd i Gymru 1750–2010Aelod o Fwrdd Ymgynghorol Cymdeithas Thomas Chatterton

Martin CraMpin

Ymgynghorydd i Bwyllgor Gwydr Lliw Cyngor Adeiladau Eglwysig Eglwys Lloegr

sarah Down-roberts

Golygydd ‘Gwales’

angharaD FyChan

Ysgrifennydd ac Aelod o Bwyllgor Cymdeithas Enwau Lleoedd CymruAelod o Banel Safoni Enwau Lleoedd Comisiynydd y Gymraeg

anDrew hawke

Ymgynghorydd Iaith (Cymraeg a Chernyweg) i’r Oxford

English Dictionary

Aelod o Fwrdd Ymgynghorol Faclair na Gàidhlig (Geiriadur hanesyddol Gaeleg yr Alban) Aelod o Fwrdd Ymgynghorol DECHE (Digido, E-Gyhoeddi a Chorpws Electronig), y Coleg Cymraeg Cenedlaethol Aelod yn cynrychioli’r DU ar Bwyllgor Rheoli’r Weithred COST ‘Cydweithrediad mewn Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg’ ENeL (European Network for e-Lexicography) Aelod o bwyllgor i sefydlu Panel Safoni’r Gymraeg (Y Coleg Cymraeg Cenedlaethol)Ysgrifennydd y grŵp Datganiad Meincnodi Pwnc ar gyfer y Gymraeg (ASA) Cadeirydd Cangen Prifysgol Cymru o Undeb y Prifysgolion a’r Colegau (UCU)

DaFyDD Johnston

Prif Olygydd Studia Celtica Golygydd Y Bywgraffiadur Cymreig

Aelod o Fwrdd Golygyddol Cambrian Medieval Celtic Studies

Aelod o Gorff Ymgynghorol Llyfrgell Genedlaethol CymruArholwr Allanol ar gyfer y Gymraeg, Prifysgol Aberystwyth

John koCh

Golygydd cyfres ‘Celtic Studies Publications’Golygydd adran iaith a llên Studia Celtica

Marion LöFFLer

Golygydd Cynorthwyol Y Bywgraffiadur Cymreig Aelod o Banel Darlledu ‘Pedwar Ban Byd’ y Coleg Cymraeg Cenedlaethol

ann parry owen

Golygydd Cyfres Beirdd yr UchelwyrYmgynghorydd Arbenigol i Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru

Aelod o Banel Golygyddol Geiriadur Cymraeg Gomer, D. Geraint Lewis a Nudd LewisAelod o Bwyllgor Ymgynghorol ‘A History of Book Culture in Wales and South-West England 1400–1600’, prosiect cydweithredol rhwng prifysgolion Caerdydd, Bryste, Caer-faddon a ChaerwysgArholwr Allanol ar gyfer MPhil, Prifysgol Caerdydd

DaviD parsons

Golygydd Nomina (cylchgrawn Cymdeithas Astudiaethau Enwau Prydain ac Iwerddon)Aelod o Fwrdd Golygyddol Journal of the English Place­Name

Society

Aelod o Goleg Arfarnu yr AHRCAelod o Gyngor, Dirprwy Gyfarwyddwr ac Is-Lywydd Cymdeithas Enwau Lleoedd LloegrAelod o Gyngor Cymdeithas Enwau Lleoedd CymruAelod o Gyngor Cymdeithas Astudiaethau Enwau Prydain ac IwerddonAelod o Bwyllgor Prosiect Corpws Cerflunwaith Garreg Eingl-Sacsonaidd yr Academi Brydeinig

heather wiLLiaMs

Cadeirydd panel y beirniaid, Gwobr M. Wynn Thomas, Cymdeithas Llên Saesneg Cymru

Adnoddau LlyfrgellRydym yn ddyledus i’n llyfrgellydd, Elisabeth Howells, am gadw trefn ar ein casgliadau gwerthfawr o lyfrau a chyfnod-olion, ac am ei pharodrwydd i gynorthwyo aelodau o staff.

Diolchir i’r sefydliadau a’r unigolion canlynol am eu rhoddion i’r llyfrgell: Mr Gareth Bevan; yr Athro Xaverio Ballester; Comisiwn Brenhinol Henebion Cymru; Centre de Recherche Bretonne et Celtique; Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru; Dr Marion Löffler; Ena Niedergang; Dr Heather Williams; Ysgol Astudiaethau Celtaidd Sefydliad Uwch-efrydiau Dulyn.

26 27

Bevan; Professor Xaverio Ballester; Centre de Recherche Bretonne et Celtique; Dr Marion Löffler; National Library of Wales; Ena Niedergang; Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales; School of Celtic Studies, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies; Dr Heather Williams.

Linus banD

‘Middle Welsh 1sg. pres. ind. oef ‘I am’ and early southern Welsh orthography’, Studia Celtica, XLIX (2015), 183–96.

Review: Jenny Rowland (ed.), A Selection of Early Welsh Saga

Poems (London, 2014), Studia Celtica, XLIX, 199–200.

Review article: ‘Sporen van verdwenen klanken’ [recensie van Nicholas Zair, The Reflexes of the Proto­Indo­European

Laryngeals in Celtic (Leiden, 2012)], Kelten: Mededelingen van

de stichting A.G. van Hamel, 69 (2016), 20–2.

Mary-ann Constantine

Star­Shot: A Novel (Bridgend, 2016), 212pp.

‘The perils of performance: from political songs to national airs in Romantic-era Wales (1790–1820)’, in Dieuwke van der Poel, Louis Peter Grijp and Wim van Anrooij (eds.), Identity, Intertextuality, and Performance in Early Modern Song

Culture (Leiden, 2016), pp. 266–86.

‘La “sainte terre de Cambrie”: La Villemarqué et le roman-tisme gallois’, in Nelly Blanchard et Fañch Postic (eds.), Au­delà du Barzaz­Breiz: Théodore Hersart de La Villemarqué

(Brest, 2016), pp. 209–28.

‘Amroth’, ‘Retracing Wales’ series, Planet, 223 (2016), 48–52.

Martin CraMpin

Stained Glass at Hafod (Aberystwyth, 2016), vi + 18pp.

‘Neave glass at Llanwenllwyfo: dating and attribution’, in J. O. Hughes et al., Hidden Gems: Stained Glass at the Church of

St Gwenllwyfo, Dulas, Anglesey (Aberystwyth, 2016), pp. 14–27.

‘Remnants of a glittering treasure: Thomas Johnes’s stained glass at Hafod’, Vidimus, 100 (2016) <http://vidimus.org/issues/issue-100/feature>.

‘Medieval stained glass in North Wales and its treatment in the 19th century’, Historic Churches, 23 (2016), 31–3.

Jenny Day

golygydd cynorthwyol, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Ar Lein.

golygydd cynorthwyol, Ap GPC.

‘Weapons and fighting in Y Gododdin’, Studia Celtica, XLIX (2015), 121–47.

sarah Down-roberts

golygydd cynorthwyol, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Ar Lein.

golygydd cynorthwyol, Ap GPC.

eLizabeth eDwarDs

Richard Llwyd: Beaumaris Bay and Other Poems (Nottingham, 2016), xli + 201pp.

‘The great forgetting’ <http://www.newstatesman.com/culture/fiction/2016/04/hidden-histories-podcast>.

g. angharaD FyChan

golygydd hŷn, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Ar Lein.

golygydd hŷn, Ap GPC.

colofnydd misol ar enwau lleoedd, Y Tincer.

anDrew hawke

golygydd, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Ar Lein.

golygydd Ap GPC.

‘Defining and quotation evidence in historical dictionaries’, in Philip Durkin (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Lexicography (Oxford, 2016), pp. 176‒202.

DaFyDD Johnston

chief editor, Studia Celtica, XLIX (2015).

‘Lewis Edward Valentine’, Y Bywgraffiadur Cymreig / The

Dictionary of Welsh Biography <http://yba.llgc.org.uk>.

Review: Ailbhe Ó Corráin, The Pearl of the Kingdom: A

Study of A fhir léghtha an leabhráin bhig by Giolla Brighde Ó

hEódhasa (Oslo, 2013) and The Light of the Universe: Poems of

Friendship and Consolation by Giolla Brighde Ó hEódhasa (Oslo, 2014), Studia Celtica, XLIX, 200–1.

FFion Mair Jones

Y Brenin Llŷr a Baledi’r Rhyfelwraig (Bangor, 2016), 209tt.

‘Y Brenin Llŷr yn Gymraeg’, Barn, 640 (2016), 34–5.

Darlithoedd CyhoeddusYr Athro Ann Parry Owen o’r Ganolfan a wahoddwyd i gyflwyno Darlith Goffa J. E. Caerwyn a Gwen Williams eleni, ac fe’i traddodwyd yn Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru ar 3 Mai. Bydd croeso mawr i Plu porffor perffaith a chlog

o fwng ceiliog: Cynddelw Brydydd Mawr a Guto’r Glyn pan gyhoeddir hi yn 2017.

Yn y Llyfrgell y traddodwyd Darlith Goffa Syr Thomas Parry-Williams 2016 hefyd, ar 7 Mehefin. Y darlithydd gwadd oedd Dr Cathryn Charnell-White, gynt o’r Ganolfan ond bellach o Adran y Gymraeg ac Astudiaethau Celtaidd ym Mhrifysgol Aberystwyth, a’i thestun oedd ‘Olion: ffurfio canon canu merched y Cyfnod Modern Cynnar’.

Yr Athro E. Wyn James o Ysgol y Gymraeg, Prifysgol Caerdydd, a fu’n rhoi Darlith O’Donnell 2015–16. Teitl ei bapur, a gyflwynwyd ym Mangor, Abertawe ac Aberyst-wyth, oedd ‘Calfiniaid a Chymreigyddion: tensiynau ym mywyd Cymraeg Llundain 1750–1850’.

GwobrauDyfarnwyd y gwobrau canlynol a llongyfarchwn y ddau enillydd:

Gwobr Goffa Vernam Hull 2015: Yr Athro Ceri Davies am John Prise, Historiae Britannicae Defensio / A Defence of the

British History (PIMS, 2015);

Gwobr Goffa Ellis Griffith 2015: Dr A. Cynfael Lake am Gwaith Hywel Dafi I a II (Y Ganolfan, 2015).

Cyhoeddiadau gan Staff y Ganolfan / Publications by the Centre’s Staff

Dr Cathryn Charnell-White, yr Athro Ann Parry Owen a’r Athro Dafydd JohnstonDr Cathryn Charnell-White, Professor Ann Parry Owen and Professor Dafydd Johnston

Public LecturesProfessor Ann Parry Owen of the Centre was invited to present this year’s J. E. Caer-wyn and Gwen Williams Memorial Lec-ture, and it was delivered in the National Library of Wales on 3 May. There will be a warm welcome for Plu porffor perffaith a

chlog o fwng ceiliog: Cynddelw Brydydd Mawr

a Guto’r Glyn when it is published in 2017.

The 2016 Sir Thomas Parry-Williams Memorial Lecture was also delivered in the National Library, on 7 June. The guest speaker was Dr Cathryn Charnell-White, formerly of the Centre but now of the Department of Welsh and Celtic Studies at Aberystwyth University, and her paper was entitled ‘Olion: ffurfio canon canu merched y Cyfnod Modern Cynnar’.

The O’Donnell Lecture for 2015–16 was given by Professor E. Wyn James of Cardiff University’s School of Welsh. His paper, delivered at Bangor, Swansea and Aberystwyth, was entitled ‘Calfiniaid a Chymreigyddion: tensiynau ym mywyd Cymraeg Llundain 1750–1850’.

PrizesThe following prizes were awarded and we congratulate both winners:

Vernam Hull Memorial Award 2015: Professor Ceri Davies for John Prise, Historiae Britannicae Defensio / A Defence of the

British History (PIMS, 2015);

Ellis Griffith Memorial Prize 2015: Dr A. Cynfael Lake for Gwaith Hywel Dafi I and II (CAWCS, 2015).

28 29

John t. koCh

co-editor (with B. Cunliffe, K. Cleary, C. D. Gibson), Celtic

from the West 3. Atlantic Europe in the Metal Ages: Questions of

Shared Language (Oxford, 2016), xii + 538pp.

‘Phoenicians in the West and the break-up of the Atlantic Bronze Age and Proto-Celtic’, in Koch, Cunliffe, Cleary and Gibson (eds.), Celtic from the West 3, pp. 431–76.

Marion LöFFLer

‘Kate Bosse-Griffiths’, ‘Augusta Hall (Lady Llanover)’, ‘Sir Benjamin Hall’, ‘Maria Jane Williams’, Y Bywgraffiadur Cym­

reig / The Dictionary of Welsh Biography <http://yba.llgc.org.uk>.

‘Dathlu trichanmlwyddiant pregeth a bregethwyd yng nhapel Ty-Ely yn Holbourn 1716’, yn Angharad Price (gol.), Ysgrifau

Beirniadol, XXXIV (2016), tt. 113–34.

‘Menywod yn y Bywgraffiadur Cymreig’ / ‘Women in the Dictionary of Welsh Biography’, Cylchlythyr Archif Menywod

Cymru / Women’s Archive of Wales Newsletter (2016) <www.womansarchivewales.org>.

Review: Simon Brooks, Pam Na Fu Cymru: Methiant Cened­

laetholdeb Cymraeg (Caerdydd, 2015), in Planet, 220 (2015), 89–92.

ann parry owen

‘Gramadeg Gwysanau: a fragment of a fourteenth-century Welsh bardic grammar’, in Deborah Hayden and Paul Russell (eds.), Grammatica, Gramadach and Gramadeg: Vernacular

Grammar and Grammarians in Medieval Ireland and Wales

(Amsterdam, 2016), pp. 181–200.

‘Sangiad’, ‘Marwnad’, ‘Noddwr’, Esboniadur: Beirniadaeth a

Theori <https://wici.porth.ac.uk/>.

Adolygiad: Gerald Morgan, Ar Drywydd Dewi Sant (Talybont, 2016), Cristnogaeth 21 <http://cristnogaeth21.cymru/>.

DaviD parsons

editor, Nomina, 38 (2015).

(with John Baker and Jayne Carroll), Shropshire Place­Names:

A Short Introduction (Nottingham, 2015), 51pp.

Manon roberts

golygydd hŷn, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Ar Lein.

golygydd hŷn, Ap GPC.

brenDa wiLLiaMs

golygydd cynorthwyol, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Ar

Lein.

golygydd cynorthwyol, Ap GPC.

heather wiLLiaMs

‘Tro yng Nghymru gyda’r Ffrancwyr I’, Y Casglwr, 116 (2016), 3.

‘Ymwelwyr brenhinol ag Aberystwyth’, Yr Angor, 387 (2016), 11.

‘Ymwelwyr brenhinol ag Aberystwyth’, Aberystwyth EGO (2016), 13.

‘Tro yng Nghymru gyda’r Ffrancwyr II’, Y Casglwr, 117 (2016), 10–11.

‘Études Celtiques’, ‘Renan’, ‘Vilanelle’, ‘Symbol’, ‘Symbol-iaeth’, ‘Llenyddiaeth daith’, Esboniadur: Beirniadaeth a Theori <https://wici.porth.ac.uk/>.

Mary wiLLiaMs

golygydd cynorthwyol, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Ar Lein.

golygydd cynorthwyol, Ap GPC.

Mary-ann Constantine

‘Thomas Pennant’s women’, Thomas Pennant Society Silver Jubilee Lecture, Holywell, October 2015.

‘ “View near Aberystwith, Cardiganshire” by William Dan-iell’, ‘Comparative Coastal Topographies’ workshop, Uni-versity of Cork, November 2015.

‘La sainte terre de Cambrie’, Colloque International Au-de-là du Barzaz Breiz, Théodore Hersart de La Villemarqué, Quimperlé, November 2015.

‘Experiments in imagined history: Thomas Chatterton & Iolo Morganwg’, Thomas Chatterton Annual Lecture, Bristol, November 2015.

‘Curious travellers: an introduction’, Centre for Romantic and Eighteenth-Century Studies (CRECS) workshop, Cardiff University, November 2015.

‘Marilyn Butler and Romantic Wales’, ‘Marilyn Butler and the War of Ideas: A Commemorative Conference’, Chawton House Library, Chawton, December 2015.

‘Visions and vertigo: Catherine Hutton’s tours of Wales’, Ceredigion Museum talk, Aberystwyth, December 2015.

‘ “Curious travellers”: Thomas Pennant and the “discovery” of North Wales’, ‘Travellers to Anglesey in the 18th and 19th Centuries’: Anglesey Antiquarian Society Biennial Day School, Beaumaris, February 2016.

‘Museum stories’, Brecknock Society and Museum Friends, Brecon, February 2016.

‘Continental Pennant: the 1765 Tour’, ‘Wales and Scotland in European Travel Writing’ conference, Aberystwyth, April 2016.

‘Anturiaethau Llydäwr yng Ngwlad Hud: La Villemarqué ymhlith Cymreigyddion y Fenni, 1838’, Darlith Goffa Islwyn, Prifysgol Caerdydd, Ebrill 2016.

‘Springs and sources: channelling knowledge in the Welsh Tour’, CRECS workshop, Cardiff University, May 2016.

‘ “A city not made with hands”: visions of Snowdonia 1799/1800’, ‘The Power of Place’ day conference, MOMA, Machynlleth, May 2016.

‘Iolo Morganwg at Hafod’, ‘Hafod: talks, walks, and perfor-mances exploring the Hafod estate’ one-day event, June 2016.

‘Thomas Pennant at Holywell’, ‘St Winefrede and Holywell’ one-day forum, Holywell, June 2016.

‘Dangerous coasts: Wales in the 1790s’, The Fort Belan So-ciety, June 2016.

‘Celts and Romans on tour: visions of early Britain in C18th travel literature’, ‘Celts, Romans, Britons: Classical and Celtic Influence in Britain, 55 bc–ad 2016’ conference, Oxford, July 2016.

‘Rocky acres revisited: Harlech, Trawsfynydd and landscapes of war’, ‘Robert Graves and the First World War’: 13th International Robert Graves Society Conference, Oxford, September 2016.

‘Landscapes of War: Robert Graves and the Rhinogs, 1916’, ‘1916 in Ireland and Wales’ symposium, Aberystwyth Uni-versity, September 2016.

Martin CraMpin

‘Stained glass and Welsh saints with special reference to St Illtud’, ‘Medieval Saints in Glamorgan’ one-day forum, Llantwit Major, November 2015.

‘Modern and medieval: tradition and change in twenti-eth-century stained glass’, Swansea College of Art, Novem-ber 2015.

‘The Celtic Revival in the visual culture of Wales’, ‘Celtic Revival: Authenticity and Identity’ conference, British Museum, January 2016.

‘St David in stained glass’, ‘St David & Saints in Wales’ one-day forum, St Davids, February 2016.

‘The appreciation of stained glass: where are we now and why are we here?’, Swansea Glass Conference, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, Swansea, March 2016.

‘The imaging of saints in medieval stained glass’, Inter-national Medieval Congress, Leeds, July 2016.

‘Medievalism and modernity in twentieth-century ecclesiastical stained glass’, Society of Glass Technology Centenary Conference, Sheffield, September 2016.

‘Stained glass in the Diocese of Llandaf’, Cardiff, September 2016.

Jenny Day

‘The Lives of Saint David’, ‘St David & Saints in Wales’ one-day forum, St Davids, February 2016.

‘ “John Trevor a droes y vuchedd honn”: cyfieithu, camddeall ac addasu wrth greu Buchedd Martin’, fforwm undydd ‘Gutun Owain a Thraddodiad Llenyddol y Gogledd-Ddwyrain’, Aberystwyth, Mai 2016.

‘Rationalising, confusion, and innovation in a 15th-century “paraphrase” of the Welsh Life of St David’, International Medieval Congress, Leeds, July 2016.

Darlithoedd a Draddodwyd gan Staff y Ganolfan Lectures Delivered by the Centre’s Staff

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eLizabeth eDwarDs

‘ “one stratum above another”: travel writing as Roman-tic geology’, ‘Layered Landscapes: Geology and Travel in Romantic-era Britain’ conference, National Museum Cardiff, November 2015.

‘ “The powerful effect of these provincial things”: Iolo Mor-ganwg and recent approaches to Romantic-period Wales’, ‘Marilyn Butler and the War of Ideas: A Commemorative Conference’, Chawton House Library, Chawton, December 2015.

‘ “Nothing pleasant in Anglesea [sic]”? Romantic-period manu script tours of Wales – from antiquities to industry and effusive to dismissive’, ‘Travellers to Anglesey in the 18th and 19th Centuries’: Anglesey Antiquarian Society Biennial Day School, Beaumaris, February 2016.

‘ “one stratum above another”: travel writing as Romantic geology’, ‘Romanticism on Edge / Edgy Romanticism’ sym-posium, Edge Hill University, April 2016.

‘Irish in Wales: crosscurrents of travel and correspondence for the Ladies of Llangollen’, ‘Wales and Scotland in Euro-pean Travel Writing’ conference, Aberystwyth, April 2016.

‘Curious travellers: an afternoon of readings’, MOMA Machynlleth, May 2016.

‘Watercolour, extreme weather, electricity: Cornelius Varley in north Wales 1803–5’, ‘The Power of Place’ day conference, MOMA, Machynlleth, May 2016.

g. angharaD FyChan

‘Peryglon enwau lleoedd: gochel gwympo, torri gwddf, a mynd i bwll Uffern’, Cymdeithas Hanes Ceredigion, Aberystwyth, Tachwedd 2015.

‘Gwarchod enwau lleoedd’, sesiwn holi gyda Catrin Beard dan nawdd Prifysgol Cymru yn y Babell Lên, Eisteddfod Genedlaethol Cymru, Y Fenni, Awst 2016.

anDrew hawke

‘Report on GPC’, ‘The Development of the Welsh Language’ project workshop, University of Cambridge, April 2016.

DaFyDD Johnston

‘Intersecting lives: networks and connectivity in the Diction­

ary of Welsh Biography’, Learned Society of Wales Annual Lecture, Lampeter, October 2015.

‘Compound adjectives with hy­’, ‘The Development of the Welsh Language’ project workshop, University of Cam-bridge, April 2016.

John t. koCh

‘Indo-European in Atlantic Europe at the proto-historic horizon and before: some recent work and its possible im-plications’, ‘Integrating Evidence for the Origin and Spread of the Indo-European Languages’: 1st International Sympo-sium on Linguistics, Archaeology and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany, October 2015.

Presentation on the Celtic languages and panel discussion, ‘In Search of the Celts: Beyond Art, Language and Genetics’ event, The British Museum, October 2015.

(with Fernando Fernández Palacios), ‘Some 3rd-millennium questions: PIE > PC – where? when? how?’, ‘Beaker People, Archaeogenetics and Celtic Origins’ one-day forum, Aberys-twyth, October 2015.

‘Ancient Britain and Europe in the Metal Ages – Tartessian inscriptions and Celtic origins’, Cardiff Archaeological So-ciety lecture series, Cardiff University, October 2015.

‘Before the Branches: towards a new understanding of (Late) Proto-Indo-European and Copper-to-Bronze Age Europe’, lecture, Institute for Historical Studies, University of Gothenburg, Sweden, December 2015.

‘The three strands in the European Bronze Age’, seminar, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden, December 2015.

‘Celtic from the West’, public lecture, University of Gothen-burg, Sweden, December 2015.

Presentation at AEMA Project website launch, Anatomy Museum, King’s College London, April 2016.

‘New research on Celtic origins’, Classics Summer School in Celtic and Venetic, Lampeter, August 2016.

‘(Re-)Situating Proto-Celtic in time and space in the light of new ancient DNA evidence’, workshop on Indo-European migrations and Celtic origins: aDNA and linguistic evidence, Internationales Wissenschaftsforum, University of Heidel-berg, Germany, September 2016.

Marion LöFFLer

‘Cystadlaethau, hanes ac enwau lleoedd cyn 1861’, Cynhad-ledd Flynyddol Cymdeithas Enwau Lleoedd Cymru, Llan-elwedd, Hydref 2015.

‘Women in The Dictionary of Welsh Biography: yesterday, to-day, tomorrow’, Annual Conference of the Welsh Women’s Archive, Swansea, October 2015.

‘Ethnicity, class and religion: the marginalized Welsh ama-teur scholar before 1875’, ‘The Amateur Historian in Europe before 1870’ international workshop, Aberystwyth, October 2015.

‘Wörter, Konzepte und Übersetzungen vom Spätmittelal-ter in die Frühneuzeit’, Marburger Interdisziplinäres Lite-raturwissenschaftlichen Kolloquium, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Germany, January 2016.

‘Workshop: academia and arts practice’, Literature across Frontiers and Literary Europe Live International Literature Forum on Audience Development, Aberystwyth, April 2016.

‘Translating political concepts for a non-state nation: “revo-lution” in Wales 1775–1815’, ‘Political Upheaval Seen from Afar: Translation and Transformation in the Age of Revo-lution (1750–1850)’ conference, University of Göttingen, June 2016.

‘ “This nation” in 1716: considering the first political trans-lation into Welsh’, ‘Early Modern Wales: Space, Place and Displacement’ symposium, Aberystwyth, July 2016.

Diana LuFt

‘Medieval Welsh medicine: what the manuscripts say’, History of Medicine Society of Wales Annual Meeting, Newcastle Emlyn, September 2015.

‘Brut Tysilio and the British History’, Harvard Celtic Collo-quium, October 2015.

‘Gutun Owain’s Book of Fortune’, ‘Gutun Owain a Thraddod-iad Llenyddol y Gogledd-Ddwyrain’ one-day forum, Aberyst-wyth, May 2016.

‘What’s Welsh for Mugwort*?: Multilingual Medieval Welsh Medical Receipts’, International Medieval Congress, Leeds, July 2016.

ann parry owen

‘Beth mae golygu yn ei olygu wrth drafod barddoniaeth yr Oesoedd Canol?’, gweithdy hyfforddi ymchwil, Prifysgol Aberystwyth, Ionawr 2016.

‘ “Canu Dewi” gan Wynfardd Brycheiniog’, fforwm undydd ‘Dewi Sant & Seintiau yng Nghymru’, Tyddewi, Chwefror 2016.

‘Plu porffor a chlog o fwng ceiliog: Cynddelw Brydydd Mawr a Guto’r Glyn’, Darlith Goffa J. E. Caerwyn a Gwen Williams, Aberystwyth, Ebrill 2016.

‘Y tawddgyrch gadwynog a’r beirdd’, fforwm undydd ‘Gutun Owain a Thraddodiad Llenyddol y Gogledd-Ddwyrain’, Aber ystwyth, Mai 2016.

DaviD parsons

‘The place-names of Oswestry’, Oswestry and Borders His-tory and Archaeology Group, October 2015.

‘Shropshire place-names’, Oswestry Library, October 2015.

‘Welsh personal and place-names in Shropshire’, Welsh Place-Name Society Annual Conference, Llanelwedd, October 2015.

‘The cult of saints in Wales’, ‘Medieval Saints in Glamorgan’ one-day forum, Llantwit Major, November 2015.

‘Shropshire place-names and medieval Welsh law’, Seminar Cyfraith Hywel, Aberystwyth, January 2016.

‘The cult of saints in Wales’, ‘St David & Saints in Wales’ one-day forum, St Davids, February 2016.

‘Mapping the cult of saints in Wales’, 38th Annual Univer-sity of California Celtic Studies Conference, Los Angeles, March 2016.

‘Place-name research in Wales’, ‘Tools for sharing minor place-names’ workshop, Dublin City University, April 2016.

‘The Cult of Saints in Wales’, ‘St Winefrede and Holywell’ one-day forum, Holywell, June 2016.

‘Welsh place-names in Shropshire’, Shropshire Archives, Shrewsbury, September 2016.

heather wiLLiaMs

‘Views and visions of Wales in French nineteenth-century travel writing’, Swansea University November 2015.

‘French Celtomaniacs on nineteenth-century Wales’, ‘Wales and the World: Re-framing the Literature of Wales in an International Context’: Association for Welsh Writing in English Annual Conference, Gregynog, April 2016.

‘ “faire des livres avec des livres”: French travel writers on Wales read Pennant and others’, ‘Wales and Scotland in European Travel Writing’ conference, Aberystwyth, April 2016.

‘European travellers to Wales’, Tenth Annual Liverpool Travel Seminar, September 2016.

32

CyFarwyDDwr / DireCtor:

Yr Athro / Professor Dafydd Johnston BA, PhD, FLSW

Cymrodyr Hŷn mygedol / Honorary Senior FellowS:

Yr Athro Lorna Hughes MA (Anrh.), MPhil; Daniel Huws BA, DAA, MA, FLSWYr Athro Emeritws / Emeritus Professor Geraint H. Jenkins BA, PhD, DLitt, FBA, FLSWMorfydd E. Owen MA, DLitt; Brynley F. Roberts CBE, MA, PhD, DLitt, FSA, FLA, FLSW

CyMrawD yMChwiL MygeDoL / honorary researCh FeLLow:

Nora G. Costigan MA, PhD

CyMroDyr er anrhyDeDD / honorary FeLLows:

Gareth A. Bevan MA; Patrick J. Donovan MA; Yr Athro / Professor Patrick K. Ford MA, PhDPaul Frame MSc; Peter Lord BA, FLSW; Richard Suggett BA, BLitt

athrawon / proFessors:

John T. Koch MA, PhD, FLSW; Ann Parry Owen BA, PhD

DarLLenwyr / reaDers:

Mary-Ann Constantine BA, PhD, FLSW; Marion Löffler Dr Phil, FRHS; David Parsons MA, PhD

goLygyDD rheoLaethoL geiriaDur priFysgoL CyMru / Managing eDitor:

Andrew Hawke BA

yMgynghoryDD goLygyDDoL MygeDoL gpC / honorary eDitoriaL ConsuLtant:

Gareth A. Bevan MA

golygyddion Hŷn gPC / Senior editorS:

G. Angharad Fychan BA, PhD; Manon W. Roberts BA, PhD

CyMroDyr yMChwiL / researCh FeLLows:

Kerri Cleary MA, PhD (hyd at/until 30.04.16); Adam Coward PhD (hyd at/until 30.11.15)Martin Crampin BA, MA, PhD; Alaw Mai Edwards BA, MPhil, PhD; Elizabeth Edwards MA, PhD Fernando Fernández Palacios BA, PhD (hyd at/until 30.04.16)Catriona Gibson BA, PhD (hyd at/until 30.04.16); Ffion Mair Jones MA, PhD,Kelly Kilpatrick BA, DPhil, FSA Scot (o/from 01.08.16); Diana Luft BA, AM, PhDRita Singer PhD (hyd at/until 30.09.16); Heather Williams BA, DPhil

goLygyDDion CynorthwyoL gpC / assistant eDitors:

Sarah Down MA; Brenda Williams BA; Mary Williams BA

CynorthwyyDD teChnegoL gpC / teChniCaL assistant:

Jenny Day BA, PhD

swyDDog goLygyDDoL / eDitoriaL oFFiCer:

Gwen Angharad Gruffudd BA, MPhil, PhD

aroLygyDD LLyFrgeLL / Library supervisor:

Elisabeth Howells BA, Dip Lib

swyDDog teChnegoL gpC / teChniCaL oFFiCer:

Huw S. Davies

CynorthwyyDD goLygyDDoL gpC / eDitoriaL assistant:

D. Alwyn Owen MA (hyd at/until 31.05.16)

swyDDog gweinyDDoL / aDMinistrative oFFiCer:

Gwenno Angharad Elias BA, MPhil, PhD

ysgriFenyDDes, CynorthwyyDD personoL /seCretary, personaL assistant:

Nia-Lowri Davies

Staff y Ganolfan / Staff of the Centre

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Canolfan Uwchefrydiau Cymreig a CheltaiddLlyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru

Aberystwyth Ceredigion SY23 3HHffôn: (01970) 636543 ffacs: (01970) 639090

e.bost: canolfan@cymru.ac.uk www.cymru.ac.uk/canolfan

Centre for Advanced Welsh and Celtic StudiesNational Library of Wales

Aberystwyth Ceredigion SY23 3HHphone: (01970) 636543 fax: (01970) 639090

e.mail: cawcs@wales.ac.uk www.wales.ac.uk/cawcs

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CELTIC From ThE WEsT

Alternative Perspectives from Archaeology, Genetics, Language and Literature

edited by

Barry Cunliffe and John T. Koch

Oxbow Books

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CELTIC From ThE WEsT

Nominated for 2012 Book of the Year by Current Archaeology.

“Overall this is a refreshing volume, which exposes the weakness of some earlier assumptions, and opens the way to a re-assessment of important aspects of the prehistory of western Europe. It may have wider implications also for Indo-European linguistics...”

  Colin Renfrew, Cambridge Archaeological Journal

“Its great strength is that it is multidisciplinary, consisting of chapters by archaeologists, geneticists and philologists... Overall, whatever you may think about the ‘Celtic debate’, this is an important book that provides easy access to multiple strands of evidence.”

  Jody Joy, British Archaeology

“It’s fair to say that this book succeeds in re-thinking preceding ideas about Celts in a very approachable and visually satisfying way. In the introduction the authors set themselves the challenge of ‘stimulating a breadth of original thinking, rather than launching an Atlantic Celtic thesis as a manifesto’. The breadth of scholarly writing here ensures the volume achieves that aim with considerable gusto.”

  Alex Lang, Current World Archaeology

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CELTIC From ThE WEsT 3. The Celtic languages and groups called Keltoi (i.e. ‘Celts’) emerge into our written records at the pre-Roman Iron Age. The impetus for this book is to explore from the perspectives of three disciplines—archaeology, genetics, and linguistics—the background in later European prehistory to these developments. There is a traditional scenario, according to which, Celtic speech and the associated group identity came in to being during the Early Iron Age in the north Alpine zone and then rapidly spread across central and western Europe. This idea of ‘Celtogenesis’ remains deeply entrenched in scholarly and popular thought. But it has become increasingly difficult to reconcile with recent discoveries pointing towards origins in the deeper past. It should no longer be taken for granted that Atlantic Europe during the 2nd and 3rd millennia BC were pre-Celtic or even pre-Indo-European. The explorations in Celtic from the West 3 are drawn together in this spirit, continuing two earlier volumes in the influential series.

edited by

John T. Koch and Barry Cunliffein collaboration with

Kerri Cleary and Catriona D. Gibson

Koch

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nliffe CELTIC From ThE WEsT 3

Atlantic Europe in the Metal Ages: questions of shared language

c e l t i c s t u d i e s p u b l i c a t i o n s X ix

7022737817859

ISBN 9781785702273

Oxbow Bookswww.oxbowbooks.com

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CELTIC From ThE WEsT 2

Rethinking the Bronze Age and the Arrival of Indo-European in Atlantic Europe

edited by

John T. Koch and Barry Cunliffe

Oxbow Books

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Europe’s Atlantic façade has long been treated as marginal to the formation of the European Bronze Age and the puzzle of the origin and early spread of the Indo-European languages. Until recently the idea that Atlantic Europe was still a wholly pre-Indo-European world throughout the Bronze Age remained plausible. Rapidly expanding evidence for the later prehistory and the pre-Roman languages of the West increasingly exclude that possibility. It is therefore time to refocus on a narrowing list of ‘suspects’ as possible archaeological proxies for the arrival of this great language family and emergence of its Celtic branch. This reconsideration inevitably throws penetrating new light on the Beaker Complex and the Atlantic Bronze Age to ask what else they brought with them. The studies presented here introduce diverse perspectives on the formation of later prehistoric Atlantic Europe and the implications of new evidence for inter-regional connections. CELTIC From ThE WEsT 2 continues the series launched with CELTIC FROM THE WEST: Alternative Perspect ives from Archaeology, Genetics , Language and Literature (2010; 2012) in exploring the new idea that the Celtic languages emerged in the Atlantic Zone during the Bronze Age. This Celtic Atlantic hypothesis represents a major departure from the long-established, but increasingly problematical scenario in which the Ancient Celtic languages and peoples called Keltoí (Celts) are closely bound up with the archaeology of the Hal l statt and La Tène cultures of I ron Age west-central Europe.

studies by

Dirk Brandherm

Barry Cunliffe

Andrew Fitzpatrick

Catriona Gibson

John T. Koch

Jacqueline I. McKinley, Jörn Schuster, & Andrew Millard

J. P. Mallory

Colin Renfrew

Dagmar Wodtko

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Significant outputs of the Centre’s

AHRC-funded Atlantic Europe and

Metal Ages (AEMA) project included

the ground-breaking interactive

website (www.aemap.ac.uk) and the

influential series of multidisciplinary

studies (archaeology, linguistics, and

genetics), Celtic from the West. Celtic

from West 3 was published in 2016.

The first volume was reprinted for

the second time in 2016. Celtic from

the West 2 will be reprinted in 2017.

Cynhyrchwyd allbynnau sylweddol

gan brosiect y Ganolfan sy’n archwilio

Ewrop Môr Iwerydd yn Oesoedd

y Metelau, gan gynnwys y wefan

ryngweithiol arloesol (www.aemap.

ac.uk) a Celtic from the West, cyfres

ddylanwadol o gasgliadau amlddisgyb-

laethol (archaeoleg, ieithyddiaeth,

geneteg) gan arbenigwyr o fri.

Cyhoeddwyd Celtic from the West 3 yn

2016. Adargraffwyd y gyfrol gyntaf

am yr ail waith yn 2016. Ailargreffir

Celtic from the West 2 yn 2017.