Câu hỏi bảo vệ đồ án thiết kế đường

8/10/2019 Cu hi bo v n thit k ng

1/64

CNG TT NGHIP NG B- K47

n Vit Cng-Hong Trng Ngha-Nguyn Vn Sn

Cu 1. Trnh tv ni dung thi cng cng?1-Chun b: vt liu, ng cng n hin trng thi cng2-Cm cc tim cng, gic mng, xc nh phm vi thi cng3-o mng cng4-Xy mng5-t ng cng: t th-> thng lu iu chnh6-Lm mi ni7-Xy tng u hoc tng cnh, ht, gia c

8-p t 2 bn cng: p u 2 bn, v p thnh tng lp9-Thng dng.Cu 2.Cc loi t thng sdng p nn ng?Cc loi t thng sdng p nn ng l-t ct : km dnh, c = 0. Sdng c cho mi loi nn ng, nht l cc on ngchu nh hng nhiu ca nc.-t st: c ln, cng cao tuy nhin km n nh nc.-Cp phi, si i:Cng cao, trong thnh phn vn cha st nn cng km n nhnc. Thng lm lp trn cng ca nn ng( thay t).-t st, ct: L loi t c tnh cht mc trung bnh gia t ct v t st.Cn cphn loi t l chsdo Ip.( 1->7: ct; 7->17: st; >17 : st)Cu 3. Cn cchn tc thi cng mt ng?u tin da vo tnh ton tc ca dy chuyn mt:

V =n

TTT

L

HTKTh )).2

(( +

Trong L: chiu di on cng tc ca dy chuyn,m

Th: thi gian hot ng ca dy chuyn, ngyTkt: thi gian trin khai ca dy chuyn,ngyTht:: thi gian hon tt ca dy chuynN, sca thi cng trong 1 ngy.

Sau cn cvo loi vt liu thi cng mt ng c cc thi gian gin cch m ng tachn tc thi cng lp mng v lp mt bng nhau hoc khc nhau.Cu 4. Ln khun ng? cch tnh khi lng nn?


2/64



*Ln khun ng nhm xc nh nhng vtr chyu ca mt ct ngang m bao thicng ng thit k.i vi nn p, cng tc ln khun ng bao gm vic xc nh cao p t ti trcng v mp ng, xc nh chn ta luy.i vi nn o, cc cc ln khun ng phi ri khi phm vthi cng, trn cc ccny phi ghi l trnh v chiu su o t, sau phi nh c mp taluy nn o.*cch tnh khi lng nn: Khi lng o p ca nn c tnh theo nguyn tc: Khilng thi cng ca on c chiu di tmt ct A n mt ct B bng gi trtrung bnh

thi cng ca 2 mt ct A v B nhn vi chiu di on AB.Cu 5. Cn cchn dc mi taluy?i vi nn ng o hoc p cn cvo loi vt liu p(o) v chiu cao p(o)m ng ta chn cc dc mi taluy khc nhau. c quy nh r trong bng 24, 25 quytrnh 4054-2005.Cu 6.Cn cchn my thi cng nn ng?Chn my thi cng nn ng phi theo cc cn csau :1,Khi chn my phi chn my chnh trc, my phsau, my phphi m bo phthuy ti a nng sut ca my chnh.2,Khi chn my phi xt 1 cch tng hp: tnh cht cng trnh, iu kin thi cng khnng cung cp my mc ng thi phi tin hnh so snh kinh tkthut.-TC cng trnh bao gm: Loi nn ng( o hay p); chiu cao p; cly vn chuyn;khi lng cng vic-k thi cng bao gm: Loi t; k a cht thy vn; k thot nc mt; k vnchuyn; k kh hu; K cung cp vt liu cho my lm vic.3,Khi chn my nn gim sloi my khc nhau trong cng 1 i my v nn dng loimy lm c nhiu cng vic khc nhau.

4,Khi sdng my th phi tm mi bin php my lm vic vi nng sut cao nht.(Tng sca lm vic trong 1 ngy; Tng hssdng thi gian; Tng khi lng honthnh trong 1 chu klm vic; Rt ngn thi gian cu1 chu klm vic hon thnhkhi lng cng vic Q)Cu 7. Gii thch tin thi cng theo gi?Cu 8. Cn cchn tc thi cng nn ng?


3/64


4/64



-PP dao ai t cn: )3/(21 cmgV

PPw = ;

W

w

+=

1 (g/cm3)

-PP dng phao Covalep: Da vo sc y ca nc xc nh trng lng. Nghin nht cho vo phao ri cho vo bnh da vo sngn chm c svch ta xc nh c dungtrng kh( c 3 loi t tng ng vi 3 thang c khc nhau Ct, st v t en).

W = %100.

w

-PP rt ct :-PP dng cht ng vphng x:

PP o phng xtrc tip : cht ca t c xc nh trn cssgim yu ca chmtia phng qua t.

PP o phng xphn tn: c xc nh theo sghi nhn cc tia phn tn.

Cu 13. Nu PP xc nh cht theo Kavaliep?-PP dng phao Covalep: Da vo sc y ca nc xc nh trng lng. Ly munguyn dng vo phao ri thphao chm vo trong nc cn cvo sngn nc mphao chm xung ta c c dung trng m ca mu t w Nghin nht cho vo phao ri cho vo bnh da vo sngn chm c svch ta xcnh c dung trng kh( c 3 loi t tng ng vi 3 thang c khc nhau Ct, st v ten).

W = %100.

w .

Cu 14. Ni dung cng tc kim tra v nghim thu nn ng?-Kim tra cht, kim tra cng t nn ( E), kim tra bng phng. kim tra kchthc nn ng(brng,cao ,dc dc,dc taluy); o CBR nu cnCu 15.Dng ng cng nhthno ?

Cng bao gm 2 loi : Cng a hnh v cng cu to-Cng a hnh c btr ti cc vtr ct qua cc dng sui nhr hay ct qua khe tthym khi ma shnh thnh dng chy.-Cng cu to c btr chyu thot nc trn mt ng v trn mi taluy c lulng nh, cng cu to btr theo quy trnh m khng cn tnh ton.

- Cgng i tuyn sao cho ct vung gc vi dng chy.


5/64



- Vai nn ng phi cao mc nc dng trc cng ti thiu 0.5m vi cng khngc p v bn p c khu nhhn 2m, cao hn 1m vi cng c khu ln hn 2m.

- ng c cp hng cao th hng cng v cu nhph thuc hng tuyn. Khi

vt qua cc dng sui m a cht chc v n nh th c thchuyn vtr cng ln lng

chng sui gim bt chiu di v dthi cng.

- Phi m bo chiu dy t p trn cng ti thiu l 0.5m hoc phi b tr

chiu dy ca lp kt cu mt ng nu chiu dy kt cu ln hn 0.5m.

- Cng thot nc rnh dc gi l cng cu to. Cly cng cu to khng ln

hn 300 - 350m i vi rnh hnh thang, khng > 250m i vi rnh hnh tam gic.

- Nn dng cng trn l BTCT v rv tin cho thi cng cgii. Cng vung dng

cho lu lng ln hn cao nn p hn ch.

Cu 16.Nguyn l sdng vt liu lm mt ng?-Nguyn l chn :( c kch ctng i ng u) Nhvo tc dng chn mc ,ma st gia cc hn to nn cu trc tixc c cng nht nh

+u: r, thi cng n gin,dkim tra, khng ch.+Nhc: Chu lc ngang km, tn cng lu, yu cu gc phi c cng cao-Nguyn l lt xp: Sdng vt liu c sn hay gia cng sn xp li vi nhau+u:p, vt liu cung ng y v kp thi.+Nhc : Phthuc vo cng v bng phng ca vt liu sn, thi cng bng thcng=> tn km.-Nguyn l cp phi: ht nhchn lp vo lrng cc ht to to nn 1 kt cu c chc,ng thi nhvo ma st hnh thnh nn cng .

+Cp phi lin tc : d1/d2 = d2/d3 = . = G1/g2 = g2/g3 = .= 0,81.

+Cp phi gin on : ht ln ln hn 4-6 ln ht nh.+Cc loi vl theo nguyn l cp phi : CPD, BTN, BTXM, CP, CPD gia cXM.-Nguyn l t gia c:Vt liu t c lm nhv trn thm mt lng cht v chochu cnhm thay i mt cch cbn cu trc v tnh cht cl ca t theo hng cli .


6/64



Cu 176.Nguyn l p nn ng bng t?-Nu chdng 1 loi t th vnguyn tc p theo tng lp tdi ln trn. Trckhi p lp trn phi m nn lp di n cht yu cu.-Nu dng nhiu loi t p phi tun ththeo nguyn tc sau :+Khng dng loi t kh thot nc bao kn t dthot nc.+Cc loi t khc nhau nn p thnh tng lp khc nhau+Nu lp thot nc tt trn lp kh thot nc th b mt lp KTN lm dc 2-3%.Nu ngc li th bmt lp TNT c thlm bng phng.

+t p cng phi u 2 bn trnh x dch cng, chiu dy ti thiu trn nh cngl 0,5m. Tt nht nn dng loi kh thot nc. Nu p bng phi loi cc vin cd>15cm ra khi khu vc cng mi bn 1,5D ( D l ng knh cng ).+Trong 1 lp nu c 2 loi t th bmt tip xc phi c nh vt.+Sau mcu dng t TNT p .+Khi thi cng nn ng nng cp ci to tt nht dng loi t ging t nn ng cp hoc dng t TNT p. bmt tip xc nn nh cp.Cu 17. Cch chn lu m nn mt ng?-Trong qu trnh lu ln th gia cc ht hnh thnh cng chng li s bin dng,cng tng dn theo thi gian v c gi l sc cn m nn. V vy khi lu cnchn lu nhtrc, lu nng sau..Cu 18.Xc nh chiu dy lp mt ng?-Trong thit kchiu dy lp mt ng c xc nh thng qua vic chn v kim ton-Trong thi cng: chiu dy lp mt ng c xc nh thng qua thtch vt liu ri, hsri rc ca vt liu ri v din tch ca lp vt liu cn xc nh chiu dy .-Trong nghim thu : Ngi ta khoan mu v kim tra chiu dy cc lp.

Cu 19.Ti sao quy nh chiu dy ln nht, nhnht ca lp kt cu mt ng? bo m iu kin lm vic tt v m bo thi cng thun li, b dy cc lp kt cuthit k khng c nh hn b dy ti thiu, ng thi thch hp vi vic phn chia lpsao cho khng vt qu b dy ln nht m nn c hiu qu v khng phi chia thnhnhiu lp thi cng.

Cu 20.Nghim thu mt ng dm?


7/64



-Kch thc : o hkim tra tim pngf c 2 bn mp li vo 0,6m kim tra ccni dung :Brng 10cm; chiu dy 10% v khng qu 2cm; cao ; dc dc; dc taluy; bng phng-Cng : + o E ( o bng tm p tnh)

+ CBR ( nu cn )Cu 21+22. Yu cu vt liu,trnh tthi cng mt ng cp phi?1/Cp phi dm:*Yu cu vt liu :

-Thnh phn ht m bo yu cu ( nm trong cu khoai tiu chun). Ch sLA 40(CPD I) vLA 30 ( CPD II)-Chsdo ( chdng cho cpd loi II : IP 6%-ChsCBR 80 %( c) v 100% ( mi ).-Modun n hi E 250 Mpa ( II) v 320 Mpa (I)-Hm lng ht dt ko qu 5% theo khi lng.*Trnh tthi cng :

-Chun blng ng-Vn chuyn vt liu : Ch khng phn tng(chiu cao VL ko qu 0,5m)-San ri vl :CP loi I bt buc phi dng my ri, CP loi II c thdng my san .-m nn: m 2 g( lu sb, lu cht) i vi lp mng; v m 3 g( thm hon thin )vi lp mt hoc mng trn.-Bo dng: Ti nha v t ct. Nu l CPD gia cxm th 7 ngy mi c thi cng tipv 14 ngy mi cho xe bt u chy chm c.

2/Cp phi tnhin:

*Yu cu vt liu :-Thnh phn ht nm trong phm vi cho php-Chsdo v gii hn chy khng chthnh phn ht st-ChsLA nh gi mi mn ca VL.*Trnh tthi cng: ging CPD.

3/Cp phi dm gia cXM:*Yu cu vt liu :


8/64



-CPD ging nhtrn-Xi mng: +XM pooc lng mc 30- 40 Mpa

+Thi gian ninh kt ti thiu 2h.-Nc : nc sch, ko ln hu c, du m*Trnh tthi cng:-Chun blng ng.-Vn chuyn vl:dng t tc dng cche( bt)-San ri: dng my ri ri, chc ri khi lp dng vn khun, lp pha di lp

CPD gia cXM phi c ti m nc.-m nn : m nn CPD gcxm m tt nht; hh ri ra ko c qu 30p ri milu; c thbqua glu sbm tin hnh lu cht lun; kt thc lu khi XM bt u ninhkt.-Bo dng : Sau ti a 4h ktlc lu xong phi phkn bmt CPD gcxm bodng( ti nha hoc phct dy 5cm); Sau t nht 7 ngy mi c thi cng lp tiptheo; Sau ti thiu 14 ngy mi c thng xe vi V Lu cht(lubnh thp 8 -10T, V = 2-3km/h,65-75% cng lu) => Lu hon thin(lu 8-12T, V =3km/h,10-15% cng lu) ( chng khi lm lp mng trn hoc lp mt)*CPD : Lu sb(lu tnh 6-8T, V = 2-3km/h, lu 3-4 lt/im) => Lu cht(Lu rung 6-8T,6-8 lt/im,V=2-4km/h, sau lu lp 10-16T,10-12 lt/im,V =2-4km/h) => Luhon thin (Lu bnh thp 6-10T,lu 3-4 lt/im,V=3-6km/h, chng khi lm lp mngtrn hoc lp mt)Cu 24. So snh 3 loi thm nhp nha (su,nng, bn thm nhp)?-Mt ng thm nhp nha nng: lp mt dy 4-5cm v ti thm ht chiu dy lp mt

ng-Mt ng thm nhp nha su: mt ng dy 6-8cm v ti thm ht chiu dy lpmt ng.-Bn thm nhp nha: Lp mt dy 8-15cm, chti nha thm 4-8cm.Cu 25. Cn cchn tc thi cng dy chuyn mt ng BT nha nng?


9/64



-Vn tc lp mng c xc nh thng qua tnh ton vn tc dy chuyn, m botin vn tc thi cng thng c ly ln hn gi tr tnh ton v ph hp vi tnhhnh thc t. Vn tc lp mt >= vn tc lp mng.Cu 26. Cu to mt ng BTXM?

Gm 3 lp:lp mng,lp to phng,lp mtCu 27. Nguyn tc chung chn cu to mt ng?1/Vmt kthut:-Cn cvo cp ng tnh ton c( thi gian tk, strc xe tch ly,..)

-Do ng sut ti trng gim dn theo chiu sau nn ph hp vi s chu lc thKCAD nn lm bng nhiu lp VL v c cng gim dn theo chiu su.-Lp trn chu lc thng ng cng nhlc ngang ln, ng thi cng l lp chu stcdng trc tip ca cc tc nhn khc nhkh hu nn thng lm bng vl c cng cao v c cht dnh kt.-Chn KCAD sao cho cng nghthi cng l n gin nht.-m bo cc k bng phng,m thun,thot nc-KCAD ph hp vi k lm vic thc t ti v tr ng i qua( kh hu, ch thynhit..)2/Vkinh t:-VL lp trn t tin nn thng thit kvi chiu dy nh(ti thiu)-VL cc lp di cgng tn dng vt liu a phng( CPD i)Cu 28. Xc nh cht mt ng cp phi?Kim tra bng pp rt ct.Cu 29. Nu ni dung v gii thch cc chi ph khc trong ton XDCB?Trli:Bao gm: -Chi ph lm ln tri ( chn cho cn b, cng nhn trong qu trnh thi

cng tuyn)-Chi ph ks lp DA-Chi ph lp DA-Chi ph khi cng-Chi ban QLDA khc-Chi ph lp hshon cng-Mua bo him CT


10/64



-Chi ph thm traCu 30. Cch xc nh E0a vo thit k?1/PP nn mu nhng tdo:-Mu tn hn trdxh = 5x5cm c ly nguyn dng tnn ng va thi cng xong hocti nn ng c(v ng nng cp ci to) tng ng vi trng thi bt li nht v m( ly mu bng dao ai).-Cng c thchbmu trong phog vi cht bng cht thc tkhi nn nglm vic v c m tng ng m bt li.

-Nn vi bn nn 5cm,nn tnh.-Tng ti 1 cp cho n 2-2,5daN/cm2v chcho bd ca mu coi nhdng, c trstrn ng ho bd L1, dti hon ton v theo di sphc hi bd,khi phc hi coi nhdng c c L2.

Eh =

HP.(daN/cm2), = L1-L2, cm

Th nghim vi 3 mu ri ly gi trTB, a vo tnh ton Eo= Kn.Eh, Knl hschuyn i2/PP hn chnhng:

c mu trong ci CBR, cht tng ng cht t ngoi hin trng.Gia ti 4-5 cp n 2-2,5daN/cm2. Xc nh bd ti p lc ln nht (2-2,5daN/cm2) ta c= L1-L2

Eh=

)1(..

4

2DP , hs pooat xng = 0,35.

3/PP xc nh Ehngoi hin trng:Cu 31. Ti sao phi mrng bng ng cong. Cch btr mrng?*Khi xe chy trn ng cong mi bnh xe chuyn ng theo mt quo ring: trc sau

cnh lun lun hng tm cn bnh trc hp vi trc sau mt gc, nn xe yu cumt chiu rng ln hn trn ng thng. V vy m bo trn ng cong tng

ng nh trn ng thng cc ng cong c bn knh nh ([250 m theo TCVN4054 - 05) sphi mrng thm phn xe chy.*Cch btr:-Btr mrng trn sut chiu di ng cong trn.-Btr lng ng cong(TH kh khn cho php btr bng)


11/64


12/64



1/Chun bKS : Nghin cu cc VB ph duyt, Hthng ha cc ti liu g trc,Nghin cu cc vn cn tn ti gtrc, lp khoch KS.2/KS nn ng:*Nn ng thng thng:-P.vi o v:trn di bng rng 100 m-Thm d bng cc lkhoan,thng thng 1km btr 2 lkhoan xen kvo cc lkhoangtrc, chiu su 5-7m*Nn ng c bit:

-Sau khi khoanh vng,cn t.hnh tra:thm d bng cc lkhoan cch nhau 50-100mtrn tim tuyn(t.hp c bit c thngn hn). C200m t.hnh 1 m/c CCT trn c 3lkhoan.su lkhoan phi su ht lp t yu. Khi c k c tht.hnh TN ct cnhh.trng-Vic ly mu v TN cc chtiu cl ca t yu phi thn trng BV tnh nguyn dngca mu & chn sTN ct cho ph hp*Nn ng ngp nc & ng qua bi sng-T.hnh nhnn ng p thng thng nhng ch cc vsau:Xbn vng ca t nnXcc yu tTV c a/hng n n nh cu mi dcTm kim cc t p c CL t.hp khi ngm nc,cng nhcc gii php k,CT phngh*Nn ng o su:-Nn o su l nn khi t/cng mi dc c chiu cao hn 12 m c ch ra trong gDAKTMKS:pht hin xem phi t/cng trong tng t c n nh ntn?Cc ND cn sng t:

.vi vng cng,n nh: X chiu dy tng ph,n nh ca tng ph,2/cht,t/vn

/vi vng cng & na cng nt n,vvn: Xthnm ca ,mnt n&hng nt n

/vi nhng on t st ko n nh: xem xt cc k a mo,C,TV,tnh n nhnc v c bit l tnh trng n


13/64



-C.tc thm d c t.hnh c bit vi cc lkhoan cch nhau t50-100 m. Cch 100 mbtr 1 m/ct CCT vi 3 lkhoan. C.su lkhoan ty thuc vo bdy tng ph. Kocn thit phi khoan ti cao ng *Nn ng p cao-Nn p cao l nn c chiu cao p trn 12 m-C.tc o vCCT nhvi nn ng thng thng,vic thm d cc lkhoan trn timtuyn vi cli 50-100 mMchyu ca c.tc khoan l pht hin tng t yu

*on ng dkin XD tng chn & tng phng h-M:

Xk/nng chu ti ca nn TN

Xc/su gc & su t mng cng trnh-Vic thm d c t.hnh bng nhng l khoan trn tim cng trnh d kin & trn ccMCN CCT. Cli gia cc lkhoan t10-15m trn tim CT. Trn MCN,cly lkhoant5-10m. su lkhoan phi ti gc hoc vo tn chu lc 5mCu 36. Cn cchn cp hng ng?-chc nng, ngha-a hnh-lu lng xe thit k( l sxe con quy i tcc loi xe khc)-tc tnh tonCu 37. c im ca tuyn qua vng dn c?-.bo GT t.li & nhanh nht gia cc KV dn c-Phi c MCN rng b.tr h.thng KT(in,thng tin,cp thot nc)-Phi phi hp hi ha vi cc CT k.trc xung quanh

Cu 38. Nguyn tc chung nh tuyn qua o?Phi t 1 nh ca ng cong ng li trn nh oCu 39. Thno l tn sut thit kthy vn, quy nh trong cu, cng, nn?Tn sut thit kthy vn P% l chtrong thi gian 100/P nm sc 1 hin tng thyvn( ma, l) t mc nc nhthit k.Cu 40. Cch xc nh lu lng?


14/64



p dng quy trnh 22TCN 220-95 xc nh lu lng dng chy thng qua din tchlu vc v lng ma.Cu 41. Cc PP kho st thy vn?1/ iu tra ti cc trm kh tng thy vn2/Hi nhng ngi cao tui cn minh mnND iu tra: Mc nc cao nht, thi gian xut hin, nguyn nhn xut hin, iu tramc nc thng xuyn.Cu 42. Cc im khng chkhi thit kng ?

1/im khng chbt buc: +im u, im cui tuyn+im giao ct vi ng st, ng t cp cao hn+Cao khu dn c, th+im vt o yn nga (!!!!)

2/im khng chgii hn:Cao ng phi m bo gii hn nht nh:

+Vng ngp nc+Vtr t cc cng trnh thot nc

Cu 43. Cc PP nng siu cao, u nhc im?C 3 PP:-Quay quanh tim ng:

+u: cao tim ng ginguyn+Nhc: Gim cao vai ng, kh khn ni c nc ngp, s dng nhiu cho

ng thnh ph.-Quay quanh mp lxe chy:

+u: khng phi o bvai ng+Nhc: to dc dc( v thay i cao tim tuyn)

-Quay quanh trc o: t sdng trong ng c gii phn cch.*** Khi sdng PP quay quanh mp cao ng ly mp,khi vtrc dc phi xtn yu tthay i cao trn trc dc.Cu 44. Trnh tthi cng? Nhng ch khi thi cng mt ng BTN nng?*Trnh tthi cng:A,Chto BTN:+Nha c un ln 140o 150oC


15/64



+Bt ngui+, ct sy nng: 180 200oCB,K thi cng: khng ma v nhit ngoi tri ko nhhn 5oCC,Chun blp mng :+Lm sch v kh v bng phng lp mng+Sa cha,v g,b vnh mt ng c+Ti nha dnh bm.D,Vn chuyn:

-Xe vn chuyn phi c bt che-Dng t tvn chuyn-Trc khi hh vo my ri phi kt nhit bng nhit k.E,San ri vt liu:-Chc ri bng my ri( trTH phm vi thi cng qu hp)-Nn sd 2-3 my ri hot ng ng thi trn 2-3 vt ri, cc my ri cch nhau trc sau15m-Nu dng 1 my ri th nn ri theo PP so le, chiu di mi on ri 25-80m ty thucnhit lc ri.-Khe ni dc gia BTN lp trn v lp di cch nhau t nht 20cm, khe ni ngang cchnhau t nht 1m.F, Lu ln:Sdng cc thp lu: Bnh cng + lu rung

Lu lp + lu rungLu lp + bnh cng ( hay dng)

*Nhng lu khi thi cng:-Nhit thi cng: chthi cng khi tri ko ma, nhit ngoi tri ko nhhn 5oC;

-Ch thi cng tt mi ni ngang v mi ni dc-m bo dnh bm gia 2 lp lin k.Cu 45. Cc bc o cao, dng co cao, chnh xc?1/o cao tng qut: Xc nh cao cc mc trn tuyn ng. o 2 ln i v v. sdng pp o cao tgia.


16/64



Sai scho php : fho fhcp. Trong : fhcp= 20 )(kmL (mm) i vi a hnh ngbng

fhcp = 30 )(kmL (mm) i vi a hnh phc to

2/o cao chi tit: Nhm xc nh cao cc cc trn tim tuyn.PP o: Ngm ta ( sc sau, trc, ta)

Sai scho php: fho fhcp . Trong : fhcp = 50 )(kmL (mm)

*Dng co : My thy bnh, Mia nhm.Thc tby h ng ta c thdng my kinh v.

Cu 46. Cc bc kho st thit ktuyn?1/Cc bc kho st:-Cng tc chun btrong phng-Cng tc th st, o c ngoi thc a: th st, o c(nh nh, o gc, o di, ocao)-Cng tc kho st: +Cng trnh trn tuyn

+Thy vn dc tuyn+Kho st a cht

+Kho st mvt liu+Kho st mi trng

2/Cng tc thit k:-Tcc thng su vo xc nh chtiu kthut, cp hng ca ng-Thit ktuyn trn bnh -Thit ktrc dc: Cc im khng ch, dc, .-Thit ktrc ngang:-Thit kKC mt ng:

-Thit kcc cng trnh phtr, an ton GT.Cu 47. Cc bc KSC cng trnh ?1/Chun bkho st: ( chc trong KSTKKT hoc TKKT-TC)2/Kho st a cht nn ng: Nn ng thng thng. nn t yu, nn ng ngpnc v ng qua bi sng, nn ng o su, nn ng p cao, on dkin xytng chn, tng phng h3/KSC cho cng : ly mu theo quy nh thng thng


17/64



4/KSC cho cu nh:Khoan ly mu, tn dng cc lkhoan trong gtrc5/KSC cho cu trung v cu ln6/KS cc mvt liu xy dng.Cu 48.Cc bc thi cng cng?(ging cu 1 )Cu 49. Trnh tthit kcng ?-Da trn bnh xc nh ng phn thy-Khoanh v tnh din th lu vc

-Xc nh lu lng Q-Chn loi cng( c p hay ko p) trn hay chnht-p cng vo trc ngang .-Thit kchi tit cu to( tk gia ccng, sn cng, cu to ct thp, mng cng..)(Ch : i vi cng vm,cng hp th ta phi xc nh sbri chn loi cng)Sdng cng bn khi lu lng nc ln v sdng cng trn khi lu lng nc nh.Cu 50. Ti sao phi btr ng cong chuyn tip ?Khi xe chy trn ng thng th bn knh quo ca xe l v cng nn lc ly tm bng0.Khi xe chy vo ng cong bn knh R th lc ly tm t ngt thay i khc 0. ngcong chuyn tip c tc dng lm cho bn knh quo ca xe thay i dn tv cngvR lm cho lc ly tm tc dng ln xe tng 1 cch ttxe sdi chuyn m thun v anton.Cu 51. Mc ch, tc dng ca ng cong chuyn tip ( trng cu 50)Cu 52. Quy nh btr ni tip trong ng cong chuyn tip?- Khi Vtk60 km/h phi b tr ng cong chuyn tip ni t ng thng vo ngcong trn v ngc li.-Btr ng cong chuyn tip phi m bo:

+Vn tc xe chy trn ng thng v ng cong phi ko i+Quo ng cong chuyn tip phi trng quo xe chy trn ng cong.

Cu 53. Ti sao phi trit gim dc trn ng cong?Trn ng cong bng c bk nh,dc thc tstng ln,bi v:

Trong C c b.tr siu cao,tng hnh hc ca dc scao & dc dc sln hndc dnh ad


18/64



Cng khc phc chnh cao nhng chiu di bng C ngn hn timng nn dc dc mp trong sln hn dc dc tim ng

Cu 54. PP kho st trlng mvt liu?-PP Trung bnh shc: Ly bdy trung bnh ca cc lp vt liu o c cc lkhoannhn vi din tch ca n.-PP mt ct song song: Chia mbng cc mt ct song song, mi mt ct c btr ccho, khi lng cc bng din tch hu ch mi mt ct nhn vi khong cch giachng.

-PP a gic: din tch mc chia thnh cc tam gic c nh l cc lkhoan, thtch mikhi mtam gic c xc nh bng din tch ca tam gic nhn vi bdy trung bnh calp hu ch.Cu 55. Cch nh gi mt cp phi mang ra thi cng?-nh gi vmt cp phi( thnh phn ht)-nh gi vcc chtiu cl ( LA, chschy,do, cng , .)-nh gi vschCu 56. C my PP xc nh tm nhn?C 4 PP xc nh tm nhn:-Xc nh tm nhn theo s1(tm nhn 1 chiu): S1= lp+ Sh+ lo-Xc nh tm nhn theo s2 ( tm nhn 2 chiu): S2= lp1+ Sh1+lp2+ Sh2+ lo

-Xc nh tm nhn theo s3(tm nhn trnh xe ngc chiu): 3 0.1,84 a r l

VS += + , m

-Xc nh tm nhn theo s4(tm nhn vt xe): TH bnh thng S4 =6.V;Cng bcS4=4.V

Cu 57. Sdng tm nhn 2 chiu trong thit k?p dng cho cc ng khng c di phn cch trung tm v tnh ton bn knhng cong ng.(ng cong ng).Cu 58. Khi no dng phng php ng bao tia nhn?Cu 59. Cc bc o di?1/o di tng qut: cm cc cc nh ca gc chuyn hng tuyn, o 2 ln i v v


19/64



Sai scho php: L L10001 ( ng bng)

L L500

1 ( min ni )

L: sai s2 ln o2/o di chi tit: xc nh khong cch gia cc cc chi tit trn tuyn: o 1 lnSai scho php:

500

1

TQS

S

Trong : S = |STQ SCT|Cu 60. Hscn lp trong bc thit kkthut?*Tng lun*nh gi kinh t-kthut*Hsthit knn ng*Hsthit kmt ng*Hscng trnh thot nc*Hscc cng trnh khc

*Lp tng dton.-Thuyt minh chung vcng tc kho st tuyn-Thuyt minh vkho st CCT-Thuyt minh vKS thy vn-Thuyt minh vcc mvt liu xy dng-Bnh cao tuyn tl1/1000-1/2000-Trc dc tuyn tl1/100-1/1000 hoc 1/200-1/2000 cmt ct a cht-Trc ngang tl1/200

-Bn tng hp khu vc tnc.-Bng tnh cc lu lng, khu cc cng trnh thot nc nh-Thng k cc du-Bnh dui thng cc vtr cc mvt liu xy dng-Thng k rung t bchim dng-Thng k nh ca v cc loi cng trnh phi di chuyn-Thng k khi lng cht cy, dy c


20/64



-Thng k mc cao -Thng k cc ng giao-Thng k cc loi cng trnh thot nc-Thng k cc vtr dkin lm nh phc vkhai thc.Cu 61. Hscn lp trong bc thit kbn vthi cng?-Bo co thuyt minh tng hp-Cc bn vthi cng-Phlc

Bsung v chi tit ha bc TKKT.Cu 62. Hscn lp trong bc lp dn khthi ?Cu 63. Cc bin php xl nn t yu?-Xy dng nn p theo giai on-Tng chiu rng nn ng, lm bphn p-o b1 phn t yu-Gim trng lng nn p: gim chiu cao p, dng vt liu nhp-Gia ti tm thi: chp dng khi chiu cao ti hn cao hn nhiu so vi chiu cao thitk.-Lm lp m ct-p t trn b-Cc bin php tng tc ckt cho t nn : cc ct, bc thm, rnh ctCu 64. Khi no khng sdng c bin php cc ct?Khi c lp than bn dy hoc c nc ngm.Cu 65. K sdng cc ct bc thm?

.Cc g.php dng PT thot nc ckt thng ng thng chad khi tng t yu dy(bdy tng t yu vt qu brng y nn p) & nn p cao. V gi thnh XD cao

nn thng ad khi cc g.php khc ko thb.m c t/chun vphn ln ckt cn liS trong thi hn thi cngCu 66. Cc chtiu so snh phng n tuyn chtiu no quan trng nht?Chtiu vkthut kaf qua trng nht( m bo qua cc im khng ch1 cch hp l,c c cc thng skthut ph hp, hng tuyn p..)Cu 67. Thno l chiu di o?


21/64



Khi s2

2 PA theo cc chtiu k.thc cn phi c2

vo c.di ca mi PA. C.di mi PA cdc khc nhau u c a vc.di ko dc xem xt k xe chy trn 2 PA l nhnha.PA no c c.di c .chnh thnh c.di ko dc nhhn sl PA c /. C.di ko dcc i nhvy gi l c.di oKhi xe chy trn ng bng th tiu hao cng l nhnhau,& nhvy tiu hao xng dul nhnhauKhi 2PA,c 1 PA c c.di o ln hn th tiu hao xng du snhiu hnCu 68. p cng cu to vo mt ct ngang nhthno?

Cu 69. Cc lu khi thi cng mt ng BTN?Ging cu 44.Cu 70. Trnh t, ni dung btr on ni siu cao quanh mp trong?-Quay mi bn lng ng cong quanh tim ng t dc in-Nng dn mi lng mt ng quanh tim ng t cng dc vi mi bng-Nng ton b2 mi quanh mp ng pha bng ng cong n khi t isc.Cu 71. Cch lp bnh kthut?-Nhn sliu KS: c 2 cch nhn sliu KS, cch 1 nhp thcng tsliu o c titng mt ct ngang, cch 2 nhn sliu tfile nhp sn .NTD-Sdng phn mm nova ta c c bnh sbkhu vc v tuyn, kho sat thc a vchn thm cc yu ta hnh a vt.Cu 72. Yu cu vt liu, trnh tthi cng lp lng nha?Trli:*Yu cu vt liu :a/: - gc l C1-C3

-LA khng ln hn 25-35%( i vi mc ma - trm tch)-Kch c:5-20mm v tuyt i ko c ln dm = 40cm 25oC-Nhit ha mm: >48oC-Nhit bt la >210oC

*Trnh tthi cng:


22/64



a/Ti nha:-C ththi cng bng thcng hoc my ti nha-Lng nha ti sai sko qu 5%-Khi thi cng cc on c dc dc >4% th thi cng tchn dc n nh dc.-Khi thi cng ti nha nhiu lp th cc vt ni do ti nha gia cc lp nn btr sole nhau.b/Ri :Ri bng my hoc thcng, ri ngay sau khi ti, chm nht l 3Pc/Lu ln: Dng lu bnh lp hoc bnh thp ( 6-8T)

Cu 73. Ni dung dton?Cn lp v chr c cc loi bng sau:Bng lng; gi ca my sau b nhin liu, ..tng d ton, tng mc u t.(khc tng dton chc thm chi ph GPMB)Cu 74. Btr hthng thot nc nhthno?Trc ht tin hnh quy hoch tng th h thng thot nc hon chnh bao gm cc loicng trnh thot nc nh rnh nh, rnh bin, rnh tp trung nc, cu, cng, rnh thotnc ngm, thng u, b bc hi, v.v... cc cng trnh ny phi phi hp cht ch vinhau. V tr, kch thc, kt cu ca cc cng trnh thot nc hp l v ph hp quy

hoch thot nc chung ca khu vc, m bo hiu qu s dng cao v gi thnh h.

Vic b tr cc mng rnh thot nc nn ng phi m bo tp trung thu n nckhng nc t do chy v nn ng, phi kt hp vi vic b tr cu cng thot ncqua ng, xc nh hng thot nc ca cc mng rnh v cu cng hoc sng sui,c cc bin php ni tip gia cc rnh thot nc vi cu cng hay sng sui. Ngc likhi b tr cu cng phi xt ti yu cu thot nc nhanh t cc mng rnh.

Vic b tr cc cng trnh thot nc trn ng phi xt ti yu cu ti tiu. ng thi

tnh n vic thot nc l sau khi xy dng ng.Cu 75. Mt ct a cht trong trc ngang?Cu 76. Cc giai on thit kng?-Nm qua tnh hnh chung ca a bn tuyn i qua-Vch tuyn trn bnh -Ln trc dc , trc ngang, phi hp vi bnh c nhng iu chnh cho hp l


23/64



-Thit kcc cng trinhg thot nc( cu cng)-Thit kKCA-Tnh ton khi lng o p.Cu 77:Hy gii thch l do dng hnhp dm trn nha ri ngui.

-HHD trn nha ri ngui:nhit lc ri = nhit ko kh khong 25oC

-T.hp sd:

+Dng khi caand gia cng mng c( xo xi lp dm hay CP si sn ln ri dng

nha xl,hoc khi cn gia cng mc)

+Lm mng v mt ng mi khi c k sd VL ti ch( nhl c mCPTN gn niXD) nng cao hiu quKT do gim gi thnh vn chuyn

Cu 79:Phn bit tnhhnh chu lc ca mt ng cng v mm .

*Mt ng mm:

-T2xe chy td ln mc 2l 1 lc td t ngt,tc thi & trng phc nhiu ln. Ngoi

ra khi xe chy trn mko bng phng li sinh them lc xung kch. T2

xe xhayj vi nhng2ktrn c nh hng rt ln n slm vic ca t nn v cc lp o ng ( lnhng VL c tnh .hi,nht,do) cthl nh hng n trsbin dng v khnngchng b.dng ca chng

-Di td ca t2x chy,khi t n cng g,hn trong KCADM sxy ra h.tng:Ngay di mt txuc ca bxe vi m& t nn sbnn,xquanh chtxuc spht sinhtrt do(do wss ct) & trn mspht sinh cc ng nt hng tm bao trn,xa hn 1cht VL thng by tri ln,mc thbgy v& phn y msbnt do ko.

Di ts ca t2bxe mshnh thnh chu vng vi ln ngay tm bxe l ln nht.

*Mt ng cng:

-Di td ca t2xe chy,do tm BT c cng ln hn nhiu so vi mng & nn tnn tm schu un & nu tm ko dy th tm sbnt dc hoc ngang gia tmhoc nt cnh tm


24/64



-V phi ctao khe nn nc sthm qua khe xung mng v nn t,lm cng mng v nn t bgim yu nn dpht sinh tch ly bdang do ln cn gc v cnhtm,to thnh stxuc ko tt gia tm v mng ti gy ra hin tng cp knh,b hiung conxon & bpht bn tkhe ln

-Td trng phc ca t2slm VLBTXM bmi khin cng chu ko un & tui thca BT bgim & tm cng sbph hoi vnt sau khi chu 1 sln xe chy nht nh

-Lc ngang gia bxe & mgy ra cc td ln mnhbo mn,bong trc bmt lm lct

liu trong BT dn n ph hoi tm BT-Ngoi ra cn phi xt n td ca n.

Cu 80:Cc ch nc chy trong cng .

-Cng chy ko p: chiu su mc nc ca vo nhhn chiu cao ming cng,mcnc trn ton chiu di cng thng ko txuc vi nh cng. Phn ln cc cng thucloi ny.

-Cng chy bn p: chiu su mc nc ca vo tuy ln hn so vi chiu cao ca cngnhng nc chchy ngp ming m ko ngp trn ton chiu di cng.

-Cng chy c p:chiu su mc nc ca vo ln hn chiu cao ca cng,d/chytrong p/vi ton c/di cng u chy u,ko c mt tdo. Thng sd nhng v.tr c suisu,nn ng p cao & ko gy ngp lt cho ng rung

-Cng xi-phng; thng dng khi mp thp,MN 2 bn ng u cao hn ca cngv nht l khi tuyn ng ct qua cc mng ti thy li. Ca vo ca cng xi phngphi b.tr theo kiu ging thng ng. Cng xi phng phi b.m ko bthm lu nc rangoi

Cu 81:.Kho stnngcp mt tuyn ng

ND c.tc KS nng cp bao gm:

-Phng tuyn nh nh


25/64


26/64



Cu 84:Din thi cng hp l ca dy chuyn tng hp-Din thi cng ca dy chuyn t.hp hay c.di dy chuyn t.hp(L) l c.di trn t.ccc .vchuyn nghip thuc du chuyn t.hp ng thi cng trin khai H

-L cng di th K.lng c.tc ddang cng ln,cng dpht sinh them k.lng doa/hng ca thi tit,ng thi cc on ng cng bchm a vo sd. Do nn cgng TKTCTC sao cho chiu di dy chuyn t.hp cng ngn cng tt!

Cu 85:Th no l thi giankhai trin hontt

-T.k khai trin dy chuyn Tkt: l t.gian cn thit ln lt a t.bcc PTSX vo Htheo ng trnh tca q.trnh C.nght/cng

-Vi d.chuyn chuyn nghip th Tktl t.gian ktkhi my (hoc ngi) cui cng ca.vchuyn nghip b.u lm vic v thng bng tvi gin 3-4ca

-Vi dy chuyn t.hp th Tktl t.gian ktlc dy chuyn chuyn nghip .tin b.utrin khai n khi dy chuyn chuyn nghip cui cng trong dy chuyn t.hp b.u H

Cu 86:Ti sao khng thit k cng bn

-Vi cng 1 din tch thot nc th cng trn c b.knh nhnht

-Cng bn kh thi cng,gi thnh t

Cu 87:KS nng cp khc KS ng mi

*KS ng mi:

-Chn tuyn,nh nh-Pht tuyn,cuc n,phng thng

-o gc cc nh

-Tnh ton cm .cong & on ni .cong

-Ri cc v cm cc c.tit


27/64



-o di(TQ & c.tit)-o cao( TQ & c.tit)

-o Tngang

-o c lp bnh c.tit cc vtr KV cn thit

-KSC & TN h.trng

-.tra T.vn

-tra a mo.rung t,cy c

-tra VLXD

*KS nng cp: vic nng cp ng cnhm nng cao cp hng KT ca n bng cchXD li ng theo TCKT mi cao hn.do c.tc KS b.gm cc ND sau:(cu 81)

Cu 89:Cn c vo u chnhng thi cng

-Chn hng t/cng thng phi c2

vo k cthnh: Vtr tuyn ng;cc imdn cng si qua v y/cu vtrnh ta ng vo sd;v.tr cc x nghipph;k.nng sd cc ng sn c v k.nng mtng on v/chuyn phc vt/cng cng nhk.nng cung ng PTVC. Ngoi ra,do vic chn hng t/cngthc cht cng l q.nh t/cng on no trc,on no sau,nn q.nh hngt/cng cng phi c2vo t.hnh p.bKL c.tc dc tuyn .bit l KL tp trung( culn,o su,p cao,qua ,qua ly) Nu c KL tp trung ln v1 pha ca utuyn ng th hng t/cng ca DCTH nn b.tr tu pha kia .bo cho ccdy chuyn chuyn nghip c thd.chuyn l.tc

-Ngoi ra nn chn hng t/cng tmVL i tranh thon ng h.thnhlm ng v/chuyn phc vt/cng,do c thgim c chi ph XD ng tm

Cu 90:Mc ch v s lu


28/64



-TK s.lu .bo cc PT lu ln c t.hin cc thao tc t.li,t NS&CL lu lncao

-t2cc thng slu ln,NS lu

-.bo AT trong q.trnh lu ln

Cu 91:Cn c chn bn knh ng cong bng

Chn bk CB phi t.mn cc y/cu sau:

-Ln hn cc g.trg.hn

-P.hp vi .hnh,cng ln cng tt

-.bo n.tip gia cc C

-.bo b.tr c cc y/tca c nh: chuyn tip,siu cao

-.bo phi hp hi ha cc y/tca tuyn,phi hp tng ng vi cnh quan

Cu 92:Dng s liu g

v trc dc-Cao cc cc chi tit,cao cc im khng ch

-Khong cach lgia cc cc

-Cc SL KSC

Cu 93:Nu phng php dao ai t cn

Xm W bng cch dng cn t lm bay hi nc,thng dng ngoi h.trng.

Dng cn t v nhit khi t ko qu cao,ko lm chy,phn hy cc LK ca khongvt

*T.bTN

-Cn KT,c/xc 0,1-0,01 g

-Cn CN 95o


29/64



-Hp ng mu-Bnh gikh

*Trnh tTN

-Ly mu bng dao ai

-Cho mu t vo hp k.loi & em cn

-cn vo mu t vi KL va lm t b.mt mu

-Chm la cho chy cn. Khi la tt,them cn & t tip. t n khi KL muko i

-y np kn,ngui,cn xKL

*Xl KQ

Wmm

mm

=

0

01 .100%

Trong :

m- Kl hp mu c np

m0- KL t c sy kh+hp mu c np

m1- Kl ca t t+hp mu c np

Kq ca 1 ln xsong song chnh lch nhua >10%Wtbth phi tng sln x

Cu 94:Ti sao ngi ta khng chn thi cng lp mt ng bng

dm nha rinng .

Mun t/cng m dm trn nha ri nng c CL tt phi phi hp nhp nhng & nglc cc cng vic c.to dm trn nha theo t.b,vic chuyn chra h.trng,vic riln lt tng kch cv m ln,lm t.no phi gic nhit q.nh ca dm trnnha khi ri


30/64



thi cng rt kh khn,nn t khi dng dm trn nha ri nngCu 95:Nguyn tcchnlu lu nn mt ng

Khi chn PT m nn phi xt ti cc y/tsau:

-Loi PT m nn phi ph hp vi loi VL c m nn

-Ti trng lu( p lc lu) phi ph hp vi tng g.on m nn

Cu 96:.iu kin b tr ng cong chuyn tip

Theo TC4054,cc ng c Vtt> 60 km/h th phi b.tr CCT

T.dng:

-Thay i gc ngot ca bxe pha trc 1 cch ttt c gc quay cn thitu DDC trn

-Gim m.tng lc li tm do trnh c h.tng ng trn xe bx ngang khivo CT

-Tuyn c dng hi ha,ln u ko by khc,p.hp vi q.o thc txechy,tng m.tin li m thun & AT xe chy

Cu 97:.iu kin p dng binphp thi cng dy chuyn

-Phi nh hnh ha cc c.trnh ca ng & c CN t/cng n nh

-KL c.tc phi p.bu trn ton tuyn

-Dng i my c t/phn ko t.i t/cng trn ton c.di tuyn ng-Tng i & phn i t/cng chuyn nghip phi h.thnh KL c.tc giao trong t.hnq.nh

-Phi cung cp kp thi & l.tc mi VL cn thit n ni sd theo ng y/cu ca ccDCCN


31/64



Cu 99:Th no l on d tr , dn cch-on dtr: l on trn ko b.tr PT may mc lm vic nhng li cn thit iuchnh t.dy chuyn chuyn nghip khi gp nhng trngi t xut

-on gin cch:L on trn ko b.tr PT my mc lm vic,n c Xtheo y/cuca q.trnh KT t/cng

Cu 100:Mc ch lp tin thi cng theo gi

Lp TTC theo gibng cch: ti 1 t.im no rn trc tung ca b.vtin chungging 1 ng song song vi trc honh,ng ny sct cc ng b.din tin cacc q.trnh thao tc do cc t,i c lp phtrch,ct qua b.nhiu ng c ngha l tit.im c by nhiu tH;cng cc PT cng loi theo t/p & ccu ca cc tic.tc c n/cu t.btng loi PT cn thit phc vcho t/cng ti t.im

Cu 102:Hy nu cch o di v o trc ngang

*o di

-C.tc o di phi t.hnh o TQ ring,o di TQ ng cc 100m(cc H). o TQ phit.hnh o 2 ln,sai sgia 2 ln o ko c vt qu sai scho php sau:

L L1000

1 - .vi vng .bng

L L500

1 -.vi vng ni

Trong : L-Sai sgia 2 ln o(m)

L-C.di on o(m)

-C.tc o di c.tit Xk/c gia cc cc c.tit,o di c.tit cho 1 ln & khp vo cc100m(cocH). Khi o di c.tit ly trn sn 5cm & sai sgia ln o di c.tit & TQ koc vt qu sai scho php di y


32/64



L L2001

Trong : L-Sai sgia ln o c.tit &TQ trong cc H(m)

-Khi o di vng c dc phi t.hnh o trn mp nm ngang,thun tin & n gintrong thc tKS c.tit cho php o nhsau:

Khi dc nhhn 2ocho php o di st theo m.t

Khi dc t2

o

-20

o

dng mt c lng ko thc theo phng ngang Khi dc hn 20ophi o bng thc chA

*o tngang

-C.tc o TN c tht.hin bng thc chA hoc bng my thy bnh. Pvi o c tithiu phi .bo g.hn TK khun nn ng & cc c.trnh lien quan n ng cng nhg.hn g.phng m.bng

-TN phi o vung gc vi trc ng,trong C o theo ng hng tm. Khi o phiquay lng vim XP & bn phi ca hng i l bn phi ca MCN,bn tri cng vy

Cu 104:Lp tin thicng ch ocn lu g

-TKTCTC cho do CQ TKm nhim & t.hnh trn csATK sb. V thtrong g.on ny cc v.vTCTC ni chung u cng chgii quyt 1 cch sb,chyu l xut ng/tc & phng hng TQ m ko i su vo cc qq.trnh CN t/cng

-ND HSTKTCTC cho phi c t/minh r rang,ng thi phi t/minh vp2TCTC

cng vi cc thng sca n,vcc chtiu KTKT ca ATCTC,vKL & b.php t/chc.bo GT trong t.hp t/cng tuyn ng cnng cp ci to. KHi t.hn t/cng ko dinhiu nm th cn dkin p.bKL & c.tc t/cng hang nm

Cu 105:Tnh thi gian hon vn


33/64



Thi gian hon vn(N) l c.tiu nh gi DA T c sd rng ri nht trong nn KT ck.hoch,.bit l trong t.hoepj ko xt n vic chit khu ng tin trong cc t.gian khcnhau

N l qung t.gian tnh bng nm m mi li ch tch ly li ca DA va bng tng CF banu

)()(0

1

0


34/64



Gia ti tm thi

p bng VL nh

Gia cng bng vi KT

*Cc g.php ci thin t di nn p

Thay t yu

ng thm thng ng

Ckt bng ht chn ko

Cc VL ri( cc ba lt): dm,si,ct

Ho ba lt: dm,si

Phun cht rn(theo phng ngang)

Cc t g/cv/c(vi,XM)

G/ct bng ddienj phn

Cu 109:Mc ch , tc dngng cong ni dc

.bo tm nhn tnh ton,TD ln u ko gy khc,xe chy AT,m thun,nhng chi dc trn TD phi TK C ng li hoc lm dng CT hoc parabol b2

Cu 110:S lin quan v tr tuyn ng v

C2

vo n.vTK,khi chn v.tr XD cu cn phi t/mn cc y/cu sau:

Hng ca tim cu trng vi hng tuyn ng nh

Hng ca tim cu cn phi vung gc vi hng nc chy,sai lch ko qu 5o

on sng v.tr xy cu phi thng v chhp nht,tranh nhng vng c nhnhsng,bi bi,o nh


35/64



V.tr xy cu phi c k /cht,t/vn n nh,t t.i theo t.gianTuy vy trong thc t1 sy/cu c thcha .bo c,Vd nhhng cu & hng

tuyn ko trng nhua,phi dng cc C ni tuyn vi cu,hoc l do KH qu phctp .bo tnh mquan c thphi chn v.tr cu trn C

Tuyn ng KV XD cu phi v.tr tng i cao ca lu vc sng gim KLo p khi XD vng tip gip vi cu,ng thi trnh c nhng chngot bt thng vng ngp nc. Ngoi ra cn lu sao cho v.tr chuyn tip tlu vc sng ln b

sng,/hnh phi thong,m.t dc thoi,to k tt b.tr nhng CCT gia cu vtuyn ng vi dc q.nh

Cu 111:Cc dng hhng ca nn ng , nguyn nhn

-Nn ng bln:

Do dng loi t ko tt

Do lu ln ko cht

Do p nn ng trn t yu ma ko xl hoc xl ko ph hp

-Nn ng btrt:do nn ng p trn sn dc m ko ry c,nh bc cp

-Nn ng bnt:

Do p nn ng bng t qu m

Do p bng t ko ng quy cch

Do nn ng ln ko u

-St lmi taluy:

Do nn p qu cao(>6m) hoc o qu su(>12m)

Do dc mi taluy nn o hoc nn p ko ph hp(do TK hoc t/cng kong)


36/64



Cu 114:Cng tc nn khun ng-M:c.tc ln khun ng ( cn gi l c.tc ln ga) nhm cnh nhuwngc v.tr chyuca MCN nn ng trn thc a .bo t/cng nn ng ng vi yu cu TK

-TL dng ln khun ng l:b.vMCD.bnh & MCN nn ng

-.vi nn p,c.tc ln khun ng b.gm vic Xcao p t ti trc ng &mp ng,xchn taluy

-.vi nn o,cc cc ln khun ng phi ri khi p.vi t/cng,trn cc cc phi ghi ltrnh & c.su o t,sau phi nh c mp taluy nn o

-Khi t/cng cgii cc cc ln khun ng c thbmt i trong q.trnh t/cng-> cnphi di khi p.vi t/cng

Cu 115:Cc im khngch trn bnh

Cc im khng chl cc im c cao ca nn ng c X

C 2 loi im khng ch:loi c Xc/xc nhcao ca nn ng nhng chgiao nhau cng mc vi S,vi ng t khc.Cc im khng chkhc nhau Xtheotrschiu cao p ti thiu so vi MTN nhcao mt cu,cao nn p tai KVngp nc,cao nn p trn cng

Cao ng ti nhng im khng chc q.nh nhsau:

CDTK mp nn ng ti nhng on ven song,u cu nh,cng,cc on quacc cnh ng ngp nc phi cao hn mc nc ngp theo tn stnh ton ( c

xt n MN dnh & chiu cao song v) t nht l 0.5m Cnn ng p ti v.tr cng trn phi .bo chiu cao t p ti thiu l 0.5m

cng ko bvdo lc va p ca lp xe t. Khi chiu dy o ng dy hn0.5m,chnh ny phi t/cng c chiu dy o ng. Nu ko t.mny/cu trn th dng cng chu lc nhcng bn,cng hp


37/64



Cy o ng phi cao hn MNN tnh ton(hay MN ng thng xuyn) 1 trsnht nh

Cng ti v.tr cu c q.nh nhsau:

Hmc MNTK + t + k

Trong :MNTK-mc nc t/k

t-tnh ko di cu

k-chiu cao c.to ca cu( gm chiu cao dm cu,bn mt cu,c/dym)

Cu 116:Ti sao phi lu nh trc , lu nng sau

Trong q.trnh m nn,trong lp VL spht sinh lc cn m nn,gm 3 tp:

Sc cn c.trc

Sc cn nht

Sc cn qun tnh

ng thi vi stng cht & c/VL th trong q.trnh m nn sc cn m nn cngstng ln => .bo p lc lu thn sc cn m nn th phi sd lu nhtrc,lu nn sau

Cu 117:Th no l h s trin tuyn

H.strin tuyn l 1 chtiu KTKT c sd khi s2cc PA ng t,c tnh bng tsgiac.di tuyn thc tvi chiu di tuyn tnh theo ng chim bay.

Cu 118. Cn cv trnh tlp dton?

Trli:Cu 119. Nguyn l hnh thnh cng ca cc lp kt cu o ng?Trli:


38/64



Chnh l nguyn l hnh thnh cng ca cc vt liu sdng lm o ng: nguynl chn , nguyn l lt xp, nguyn l cp phi, nguyn l t gia c.Cu 120. nh vcng?tnh khi lng o mng cng?Trli:nh vcng l xc nh v cnh trn thc a vtr trc dc ,trc ngang ca cng , vtr c bit ca cng, u cng: tim cng, hmng, cc cc ph.Cu 121. Yu cu ca lp cp phi si sn trong n? ( thng no lm lp nytrong n th mi bhi cu ny thi :D )

Trli:-Thnh phn ht m bo-LA khng vt qu 35-40%-Tlcc cht hu cko vt qu 0.3%, chsng lng ES> 30 hoc chsdobng 0, tlht dt khng qu 10%.-Tlht nghin vt30-60%Cu 122. Kim ton n nh nn ng trn sn dc?Khi XD nn ng trn sn dc,.bo k n nh ton khi,vic TK,t2cn p ng

c 2 y/cu sau: Nn ng phi t trn 1 sn dc n nh & bn than sn dc vn n nh

sau khi XD nn ng Trn CS 1 sn dc chak chn n nh,nn p phi ko btrt trn mt dc &

bn than mi TL ca nn ng phi .bo n nhNhvy cn phi kim ton k n nh theo 2 ND trnCu 123. Khi no phi tnh ton thi gian hon vn?cch tnh?Trli:

-i vi tt ccc cng trnh phc vli ch vmt kinh tth phi tnh ton thi gianhon vn.-Cch tnh: tnh ton cc khon thu c tkhi a cng trnh vo sdng theo thi gian(ph cu ng, ph dch vcho thu cc cng trnh cng cng, dch vtkhi pht sinhcng trnh)

Cu 124. Thno l lu lng xe thit k?


39/64



Trli:L slng xe ti thi im u hoc cui thi kthit k, c tnh ton da trn sliu thu thp thc t(vi thi im hin ti) v tnh ton theo quy lut ( vi thi imtng lai) m cng trnh lm ra phi m bo phc vcho nhu cu lng xe thiim cui nm thit k.Cu 125. Khi no phi gia crnh?Trli:Khi dc dc rnh ln hn hoc bng 5% th cn phi gia crnh.

Cu 126:TK,chn tuyn rnh nh-Rnh nh phi c quy hoch hp l vhng tuyn,dc dc & m/c thot nc.Rnhnh TK vi t.din hnh thang,chiu rng y rnh ti thiu l 0,5m,brnh c TL1:1,5,chiu su rnh Xtheo tnh ton thy lc & .bo mc nc tnh ton trong rnhcch mp rnh t nht 20cm nhng ko nn su qu 1.5m-dc ca rnh nh thng chn theo k .hnh t.nc chy ko gy xi longrnh.T.hp k .hnh bt buc phi TK rnh nh c dc ln th phi c b.php g/clong rnh

-nhng ni .hnh sn ni dc,din tch lu vc ,C dst lth c thlm hai hocnhiu rnh nh-V.tr ca rnh nh cch mp TL nn o t nht 5m. T.hp b.tr rnh nh ngn ncchy vnn ng p th v.tr rnh nh phi cch mp rnh bin t nht l 5m nu crnh bin,v cch chn TL nn p t nht l 2mCu 127: hstai nnH.stai nn t.hp c Xbng tch sca 14 h.stai nn ring bit .vi tng y/tcatuyn ng c a/hng n k.nng xy ra tai nn

Ktn=k1.k2.k14Cc hsbao gm: h.sxt n a/hng ca ll xe;h.sxt n brng xe chyaj & c.tol;a/hng b.rng l;a/hng dc dc I;a/hng ca bk cong;xt n tm nhn thc tc th.bo trn ng;xt n b.rng phn xe chy ca cu;xt n a/hng c.di onthng;xt n a/hng chgiao nhau cng mc;xt n a/h ca h.thc giao nhau khi cng nhnh;xt n a/h ca tm nhn thc t.bo c ti chgiao nhau cng mc c


40/64



ng nhnh;xt n sln xe chy trn phn xe chy;xt n a/h ca k/c tnh ca 2bn ng n phn xe chy;xt n a/h ca h.sbmCu 129: Mca vic iu phi t,cch Xcli vc KT*Mca vic iu phi t2ca ctac XD nn ng

KL CT ln nn trong t/cng phi sd nhiu my mc & nhn lc KL p.bko u,gy kh khn cho vic TCTC theo pp dy chuyn. Do ngta pjair

phn ra KL c.tc tp trung & KL dc tuyn

Din t/cng hp & ko di,t/cng ngoi tri nn phthuc rt nhiu vo k thitit

=>Mca iu phi t l h.thnh CT ng & vt t.hn c giao vi CL & gi thnh h*Ltb: Cli v/c Xtheo cng thc

Ltb=)ll(2

ll)ll(l2

21

2

2

2

1213

+

+++

Ltb=)(2

)(2

21

22

21213

ll

lllll

+

+++=

)038,23(2

038,23)038,23.(1.2 22

+

+++= 2,373 Km

Cu 130. Mc ch ca vic thit ksb?

Trli:nh gi tnh khthi ca dn.Cu 131:Phn bit cp phi dm mt v hai

-Loi 1: t/ccc cht ca CP u c nghin t nguyn khai

-Loi 2:TP CP ht c thnghin t nguyn khai hoc si cui,trong cht nhhn2,36mm c thl KVTN ko nghin nhng KL ko c vt qu 50%KL CPD. Khi

L1L2

L3A B


41/64



CPD c nghin tsi cui th cc ht trn csng 9,5mm t nht 75% sht c t2mt ng trln

Cu 132:V tr cn cm cc tiu trn

-Pha lng C tTn TC

-ng vo 2 u cu

-2 u cng c c/di hp hn nn ng

-Cc on nn ng btht hp

-Cc on nn ng p cao trn 2 m

-Cc on ng men theo sng sui,m h,ao ly

-Cc on B giao S

-Dc 2 bn nhng on ng bngp nc thng xuyn hoc chngp theo ma & 2 bnthan ng ngm

-Dc 2 bn ng qua bi ct,ng ly,i cm kh phn bit mt ng phn xe chyvi di t 2 bn ng

Cu 133:Mi lin quan gia bnh ,trc dc, trc ngang trn tuyn

-Vic phi hp gia cc y/ttuyn nhB,TD & TN trc ht l cc y/tny c sd ccc.tiu tt hn cc chtiu g.hn sau l phi hp cc y/ttuyn vi nhau to ra 1tuyn ng .bo cc y/c KTKT

-Sphi hp gia TN & TD cn c .bo t/mn cc y/c cc im khng ch& immong mun

Cu 134:Cc bin php lm tng cht lng mt ng cp phi trn nhanng.

-Q.trnh lu ln h2chc hq khi nhit h2cn nng,vo khong 50-70% nhit tithiu ca h2lc b.u ri. C.di lu ln ca mi on thng thng 30-50m


42/64



-T.ca my lu lc u l 2-3km/h,sau c th4-5km/h-Khi lu phi b.tr CN bi h2du nht vo bnh lu nha ko dnh bm vo bnh

-cho mbng phng,khi my lu chuyn stin li,phi t.hin tht m thun & ko cmy lu ng lu trn mcha ngui

-Phi phi hp nhp nhng gia cc khu: c.to h2.v/c.san ri & lu ln sao cho h2ko bngui

Cu 136:Cn

c chn kt cu o ng-Cp ng,t/cht ca tuyn,Eyc

-C.thy nhit ca tuyn:chu nhiu a/hng nn dng mcng

-k VL a phng

-K duy tu,b.dng trong q.trnh k.thc

-K.nng.t.bt/cng

-K.nng t/chnh

Cu 137:Trnh by cch cmcong ngoi thc a

-C.tc cm cong b.gm vic ng cc im chyu nhN.NC ca CCT,T.TC,P caC trn & cc im trong C

-Thc tthng sd 3 p2:

P2

t.vung gc

PP t.cc

PP dy cung ko di

tng c/xc bao gicng b.tr cc im c.tit tN(T) n P v NC(TC) n P

Cu 138:Nu cc bin php x l nn dc trc khi p


43/64



-Nu is50%: cn c b.php t/cng ring/lm cc CT chng nh: tng chn,kchn,k vai ng

Cu 139:Cc phng php thm d a cht tuyn

-o vCCT

-Khoan,o thm d

-Thm d a-vt l

-TN trong phng

-TN trong phng TN

Cu 140:Mi quanh gia ng cong ng v nm

-Cc C & on dc phi c cn nhc klng. on dc di.on thng & C ln tiv.tr dc ng hoc C c bk chm trc u ko hp l.

-Trnh b.tr nhiu C ng trn 1 on thng di( hoc C nm c bk ln). Si dc

l.tc trn TD nu ko phi hp vi C nmf sgy ra cho ng li xe o gic tuyn ngbli lm bt thng & to nn tuyn c nhiu chkhut

-Trnh b.tr nhiu C nm trn 1 on tuyn bng phng to nn tuyn quanh co

-Ko t CN c bk nhsau Cli v c thgy nguy him chon g li xe(ng li xe cthko nhn thy c si hng tuyn .bit l vo ban m


44/64



-C.gng sCN=sC& nn b.tr trng nh. Khi phi b.tr lch,lch gia 2nh C ko ln hn c.di CN. Khi Cko thb.tr trng nh vi CN th nhCN nn b.tr trc nh Cnu theo hng i l rtri,cn nu theo hng rphith nh ny b.tr sau

-CN nn di & trm ra phia ngoi C(mi bn t20-100m)

-Ko b.tr Cc bk nhnm trong CN(sto ra cc u li hay hlm). Nn .boRlm>Rnm

-Cc C& CN cn phi c tng bk nu c thkhi tip cn cc nt GT,ni m vic.bo tm nhn l rt q.trng

Cu 142:Cc loi mng cng? Phm vi p

-Theo VLXD:

Mng : sd nhng ni sn

Mng gch:sd ni thiu

Mng BT: c thCGH t/cng,c thdng BT c Ckhc nhau nhng chy/cuchu lc khc nhau

Mng BTCT:chu vng ln

-Theo k/cu:

Mng c: c ththu nhn ti trng tng i ln

Mng ct: t.hp khi Cca mng tng i cao

Mng l.hp

-Theo k lm vic di td ca ti trng:

Mng cng: ko xt ti k.nng chu un


45/64



Mng mm: c k.nng b.dng di td ca ti trng

Cu 143:Chiu di on thi cng mt ng

C.di on t/cng mphu thuc vo t.dy chuyn,tgiab Hca DC,qu trnh CNt/cng & k thi tit

Cu 144: Cc chchy trong cng.

C 3 chnc chy trong cng:

+) Chnc chy khng p: H1,2*hc(d). Nc chy trong cng lun c mtthong hay ni cch khc l mc nc trong cng thp hn nh cng.

+) Chnc chy bn p: H1,2* hc. Mc nc trc ming cng cao hnnh cng nhng mc nc trong cng vn thp hn nh cng. Nc chy trong cngvn c mt thong.

+) Chnc chy c p: H> 1,2hc. Nc chy y, nc chy trong cng khngc mt thong.

Cu 145:Phng php kho st mt trong KSTKSB.

-.vi m k.thc th cn Xv.tr.cli ca mso vi tuyn,q.m k.thc,k trangt.b,k.nng c2,gi thnh,CL,trlng

-.vi cc mcha k.thc th cn sha v.tr mVLXD,Xcli v/c,CL cn c vo ktquTN mu

Cu 146: Khi no phi gia ctaluy nn ng.

Trli:

Vic gia cta luy u tin hnh cho cnn o v nn p khi cn thit nhng trc khigia cta luy i vi nn p th cn phi m bo n nh ca nn p ri mi xt nvn gia ctaluy.


46/64



Khi dc ngang di 20% phi o blp hu cri mi p t, dc ngang (30-50)%th phi nh bc cp, cn dc ngang >50% th phi c c cng trnh chng .Sau khi xt n cc gii php trn th ta mi xt tip n vic gia cta luy.

+) i vi nn o: Khi chiu su o qu ln trnh hin tng st lhoc acht y bphong ha mnh ngi ta cng gia cta luy bng hc cht mch, tmlt,lt khan, hoc trng c. Hoc trong nn o su m ti khu vc ny c mc ncngm chy ra th trc khi gia cbng lt khan ta phi lm mt lp m theo nguyntc tng lc ngc phng nc ngm xi v cun t mi taluy i.

+) i vi nn p: Khi nn p cao ngi ta cng gia cchn ta luy trnh hintng trt mi ta luy nhmnh nn trn.-)Khi nn p ti khu vc c chthy nhit bt li nhnc mt, khu vc tp

trung nc ln vma ma trnh hin tng xi mi ta luy ngi ta cng tin hnhgia ctaluy.

-)Nn p cao m ti y c lu lng ma ln trnh hin tng rmi ta luyhoc hin tng to ra cc khe ma cng gia cmi ta luy, trong trng hp ny thnggia ctaluy bng r.

Ngoi ra trong mt strng hp phi gia ctaluy nn ng m bo mquan chotuyn ng v cnh quan ln cn n. Trong trng hp ny thng gia ctaluy bngtrng

c.

Cu 147:Nguyn tc chn bn knh ng cong bng.

Trli:y l bi ton kinh t- kthut, khi thit kcn vn dng bn knh ng cong ln ci thin iu kin chy xe, m bo an ton, tin li ng thi cng m bo gi thnhxy dng nhnht, khuyn kch dng bn knh ti thiu thng thng trln, lun tndng bn knh ti thiu thng thng trln, lun tn dng a hnh nng cao chtlng chy xe.


47/64



Bn knh ng cong bng c la chn theo cc nguyn tc:- Ln hn cc gi trgii hn-

Ph hp vi a hnh, cng ln cng tt ( thng R= 3 n 5 R min)- m bo sni tip gia cc ng cong

- m bo btr c cc yu tng cong nh: chuyn tip, siu cao

- m bo phi hp hi ha cc yu tca tuyn, phi hp tuyn ng vi cnhquan.

-

Cu 148:Sdng cc loi bin bo cc tiu nhthno.

Trli:

a) Bin bo

+) Mc ch : t cc bin bo hiu trn ng l mt bin php quan trn nhm hngdn cho ngi iu kin cc phng tin tham gia giao thng c thbit c cc iukin c im ca ng m m bo i cho ng.

+) Cc loi bin bo:

1.

Bin bo cm: Nhm bo iu cm hoc hn chm ngi sdng phi tuyti tun theo. C 39 bin bo cm.

2. Bin bo nguy him: Bo cho ngi sdng ng bit trc tnh cht cc snguy him trn ng c bin php phng nga. C 46 kiu bin bo nguyhim

3.

Bin hiu lnh: Bo cho ngi sdng ng bit iu lnh phi thi hnh. C 9kiu bin hiu lnh.

4. Bin chdn : Bo cho ngi sdng ng bit nhng nh hng cn thithoc nhng iu c ch khc trong hnh trnh. C 47 kiu bin bo chdn

5.

Nhm bin ph: Chdn thuyt minh hiu r cc bin khc. C 9 kiu+) Vtr t bin bo hiu

-

Bin bo hiu phi t vtr ngi sdng ng dnhn thy v c thi gian chun bphng.


48/64



-

Ngi sdng ng phi nhn thy bin bo hiu tcly 150m trn nhngng xe chy vi tc cao, tcly 100m i ci nhng ng ngoi phmvi dn cv tcly 50m i vi nhng ng trong phm vi khu dn c.

-

Bin t vpha tay phi theo chiu i. Bin t thng ng vung gc vichiu i

- Mp ngoi cng ca bin pha chiu i phi cch mp phn xe chy l 0,5m- trong khu dn choc trn cc on ng c h cao hn phn xe chy th

cho php t bin trn h nhng mt bin khng c nh ra qu h ng-

Trn nhng on n c ng th si ring c phn bit bng di phncch th cho php t bin trn di phn cch

-

Trn nhng ng xe chy vi tc cao v c nhiu ln ng th bin c thtreo pha trn phn xe chy v c tht bin hng dn cho tng ln ng bin c treo trn gi long mn.

b) Cc tiu

+) Mc ch: Cc tiu c t mp cc on ng nguy him c tc dng hng dncho ngi sdng ng bit phm vi nn ng an ton v hng i ca tuyn ng.Cc tiu c thlm bng b tng, b tng ct thp, bng thp

+) Cc trng hp cm cc tiu:

- Pha lng ng cong ttip u n tip cui- ng vo hai u cu-

Hai u cng c chiu di hp hn nn ng-

Cc on nn ng btht hp-

Cc on nn ng p cao trn 2m- Cc on ng men theo sng, sui, m, ao, h- Cc on ng bgiao nhau vi ng st.-

Cc ng ba, ng tng, trong khu dn c-

Dc hai bn nhng on ng bngp nc thng xuyn-

Dc hai bn ng qua bi ct, ng ly..


49/64



+) Kthut cm cc tiu- ng mi xy dng hoc ng ci to nng cp cc tiu cm st vai ng

v cch mp phn xe chy ti thiu 0,5 m-

Nn ng ang sdng, cc tiu cm st vai ng. Chcm cc tiu phim bo chc chn

- Cly cm cc c quy nh nhsau: Khong cch gia 2 cc trn ng thng l S= 10m

Khong cch gia cc cc trn ng cong

Nu ng cong c bn knh R = 10m - 30m th khong cch gia haicc tiu S = 2m -3m.

Nu ng cong c bn knh 30m< R100m th khong cch gia haicc tiu S = 4m-6m

Nu ng cong c bn kinh R> 100m th khong cch gia hai cctiu l S = 8m 10 m

Khong cch gia hai cc tiu tip u v tip cui c thbtr rng

hn 2m so vi khong cch gia hai cc tiu trong phm vi ngcong i vi on ng dc

Nu ng dc 3% khong cch gia hai cc tiu l 5m

Nu ng dc


50/64



-

p cao ln cao y nn ng cao hn cao mc nc ngm-

Thot nc ngm: bin php thot nc thng ng dung cc ct hay bc thmthot nc. Trong trng hp ny ta phi thi cng tng m ct dy 0,5m 1m

thot nc tcc ra khi nn ng.

Cu 150: Ti nc khi lu lm g?

Trli:+) i vi cc loi vt liu theo nguyn tc cp phi nhcpd, cptn,cpd gia cxi

mng .. th vic ti nc khi lu nhm bxung nc hn vt liu t m tt nhtng vi cng m ln khng inng cao hiu qum nn. Ngoi ra vic ti nckhi thi cng cn c tc dng tng khnng dnh bm gia cc lp vt liu lc ny stinc di dng sng

+) i vi cc loi vt liu khc nh dm nc th vic ti nc khi thi cnggip gim bt sc cn m nncng m nn. Ngoi ra mt phn nc ti lc nycng gip vo vic to ra bt ddng hn trong qu trnh lu ln (bt m to ra lcdnh gicho cc vin t bxoay dn n trn cnh trong qu trnh chu ti trng v thmt ng dm nn dng ni c thi tit khng hanh kh ko di

Cu 151: Ni dung kim tra v nghim thu mt ng b tng nha.

*Ktra

Ktra & gsat vic chto BTN ti trm

Ktra h.trng trc khi ri BTN

Ktra trong khi ri & lu ln

*Nghim thu


51/64



-Nghim thu kch thc hnh hc: B.rng m:sd thc thp.sai s5cm

B.dy: sai sc.dy ko qu 10% vi lp di, 8% vi lp trn & 5% vi lpmt ri bng my c .chnh tng

dc ngang: .vi lp di ko qu 0.005,ko qu 0.0025 vi lp trn

dc dc: cao c dc tim ng; ko qu -10mm vi lp di,ko qu 5mm vi

lp trn

-Ktra bng phng: tnh theo chsbng phng QT phi 2

-nhm: pp rc ct,Htb>40mm

-cht lu ln: K 0.98

-C.mBTN: Ett > Etk

Cu 152: Cch

o m

t c

t ngang

a) Xc nh hng mt ct ngang:

Hng mt ct ngang ca cc cc l mt ct vung gc vi tim tuyn ng phnng thng hoc vung gc vi tip tuyn ca ng cong ti im .

b) o mt ct ngang:

- o bng my kinh vv mia ng

- o bng my thy bnh kt hp vi thc thp hoc thc vi

Ni dung ca o mt ct ngang l xc nh c cao ca cc im thay i dc ca a hnh trn mt ct ngang.

c) Vmt ct ngang


52/64



Mt ct ngang c vvi tlchiu di v chiu cao nhnhau.mt ct ngang tnhin chnh l ng ni cao ca cc im thay thay i dc trn mt ct ngang

Cu 153:Phng php iu tra mvt liu

Trli:

Cc mVLXD gm: m, mct si, mt p c sdng cho tt ccc i

tng xy dng. Cc mc thchia thnh mkhai thc v mcha khai thc.- i vi mVLXD khai thc th cn xc nh vtr, cly ca mso vi tuyn ,

quy m khai thc, iu kin trang thit b, khnng cung cp, gi thnh,cht lng, trlng. Ton bcc sliu ni trn cn thhin trong cc vn bn hp thc

- i vi cc mVLXD cha khai thc th cn sha vtr mVLXD ( hoc lbnh m), xc n cly vn chuyn, trlng, cht lng cn cvo kt quthnghim mu. Ti mi vtr mly mt mu th nghim.

Cu 154:Trnh ttnh ton mt ng mnTrli:

Tnh ton mt ng mm theo cc bc sau y:

1. Tnh strc xe tnh ton trn mt ln xe ca phn xe chy sau khi quy i vtrc tiu chun.

2.

Tnh strc xe tnh ton tiu chun trn 1 ln xe Ntt


53/64



3.

Tnh strc xe tiu chun tch ly trong thi hn tnh ton 15 nm4.

Dkin kt cu o ng5.

Tnh ton kim tra cng chung ca kt cu dkin theo tiu chun vngn hi

6.

Tnh ton kim tra cng kt cu dkin theo tiu chun chu ct trtnenenf t

7. Tnh ton kim tra cng kt cu dkin thoe tiu chun chu ko un trongcc lp b tng nha v gia cxi mng.

8.

Kt lun

Cu 155:Phng php xc nh cng mt ng bng cn o vng.

Trli:

+) Tin hnh o vng n hi ti cc im theo ng trnh to

+) Xl kt quo vng ti cc im o, cui cng ta c vng n hi ctrng cho tng on c tnh tho cng thc:

LDT= LTB+ K.

+) Tvng n hi c trng ta co Muyn n hi ( cng ) cho tng onca mt ng l:

EDH=2

DT

. (1 )0,693

p D m

L

(daN/cm2)

p=6daN/cm2: p lc bnh xe tiu chun xung mt ng

D = 33cm : ng knh tng ng ca din tch vt bnh xe tiu chun

m = 0.3 hspoisson

LDT: vng n hi c trng ca tng on.


54/64



Cu 156:Cao ng dc song.Trli:

???????????

Cu 157. Yu cu chung i vi lp mt ng.

Trli:

Yu cu i vi lp mt ng gm 5 yu cu sau :

- cng

- n nh vcng ( n nh vnc, chthy nhit)

- m bo bng phng nht nh

- nhm (hsbm)

-

Phi c khnng chu mi mnCu 158.Cho bit mc ich ca vic thit kng cong chchi, c my loi ng

cong chchi.

Trli:

Cu 159.Khi no ng chy c p, khng p. iu kin sdng ng thm.


55/64



TrliCu 160. u nhc im ca nn p thp.

Trli:

a) u im

-

Khi lng thi cng nh

-

Thi cng n gin, khng i hi cc bin php xl c bit,

-

n nh mi taluy

b)

Nhc im

-

Chu nh hng ca chthy nhit

- Trong trng hp p h< 0,6m i hi phi thi cng rnh an ton thot nc

Cu 161. Bin php xl nn trc khi p.

Trli:

a)

Nn thung thng

-

is


56/64



+ Gim chiu cao t p+ p bphn p

+ Thay tl1/m

-

Thay t: khi chiu su t yu nht3-4 m

-

Ci to t yu:

+ Bin php thot nc thng ng (cc ct, cc ba lt..) thot nc ra khi

t yu

+ Dng bc thm thot nc

+ Thot nc chn khng

+ Phng php gia nhit

Cu 163. Gi thnh khai thc ng bao gm nhng g, cch tnh.

Trli

Cu 163. Cu to, tc dng v cch thi cng cc loi khe mch trong mt ng

BTXM ti ch

Trli:

a) Trong mt ng BTXM c cc khe l khe dc v khe ngang trong khe ngang c

hai loi l: khe dn v khe co.

- Khe dn: Dng cho b tong c thdn nkhi nhit b tng tng.+ Chiu rng khe dn: b=..t.L.1000 cm

+ dthi cng th khe dn trng vi khe dng thi cng

- Khe co: tm b tng khng rn nt do co ngt khi thi cng v khi nhit gim.


57/64



+ thi cng khe co ta dung ca x chiu gy tm, pha mt chn khe bngnha mattic

- Khe dc: c tc dng nhkhe co, tin cho thi cng th khong cch gia cc khe

dc bng brng vt ri

b) Cu to chung ca khe mch gm c cc bphn:

-

Thanh truyn lc: l= 50cm, bng thp trn = 20-24 mm, mt na qut hc nchng bm , t cch nhau 50cm

-

Vt liu chn khe: bng nha mattic phi m bo tnh n hi, dnh bm tt v

khng thm nc

-

Ring vi khe dn do brng khe ln nn cn thm gm.

Cu 164. Khnng thng xe ca mt ln xe phu thuc vo nhng g.

Trli:

Cng thc tnh nng lc thng hnh l thuyt ca mt ln xe:

ltN =

1000Vd (xe/ h)

Trong : +) V l vn tc thit k

+) d l khng lc hc ca dng xe: d = lp+ Sh + lk + l0

Vi V= conts th Nlthphthuc vo d l khng lc hc ca dng xe hay cn gi

l cly an ton. Thc tth Nlthcn phthuc vo cc iu kin chy xe nhbng

phng, nhm mt ng, thi tit v thi gian.


58/64



Cu 165.Cc yu tnh hng ti cly hm xe.Trli:

Khi xl cc tnh hung giao thng trn ng th ngi li xe thng phi cn c

vo khon cch ti cc chng ngi vt c tnh cng hm phanh sao cho xe va

kp dng li trc chng. Khi thit kng phi m bo khong cch ny cho ngi

li xe trong mi trng hp

Chiu di hm xe: 2k.V254.( i)h

Sj

=

Trong : +) : l hsbm ca bnh xe i vi mt ng

+) i: l dc dc ca ng

Tcng thc xc nh chiu di hm xe ta thy chiu di hm xe Shphthuc vo v i.

Nu tng th chiu di hm xe nhchy xe an ton

-

Hsbm li phthuc vo mi mn ca lp xe v c bit l phthuc

vo tnh trng mt ng v nhm ca lp mt

-

Nn sdng loi mt ng c bng phng cao, vt liu lp mt cng, ng

u , t mn nhmt ng BTXM

-

Mt ng sch s, khng m t th tng

Nn thit kng c dc dc i nhth chiu di hm xe nhchy xe an ton v m

thun

Cu 166.Cc thng sthit ko ng

Trli:


59/64



a) Vic la chn kt cu o ng c da trn cc yu tsau:+ i vi mt ng

- ngha cp hng kthut ca ng .

- Lu lng xe chy thit k.

- Tc xe chy tnh ton. Khnng cung cp vt liu, phng tin thi cng, iu

kin kh hu v iu kin duy tu bo dng

+ i vi mng ng

- iu kin a cht thuvn, thnhng

- Tnh hnh nguyn vt liu c sn

b) Cc thng sthit ko ng

- ti trng trc tnh ton v strc xe tnh ton

- trsmodun n hi Eo, lc dnh C, gc ni ma st phi trng dk bt li nht

ca nn t

- trsmudun n hi, lc dnh C, gc ni ma st phi ca cc loi vt liu o

ng, cng cho php chu ko khi un ca lp vt liu lin khi Ru

Cu 167. Thno l hsm nn K.

Trli:

Hsm nn K l tsgia khi lng thtch kh ca vt liu ti hin

trng v khi lng thtch kh trong phng th nghim sau khi hiu chnh ti hin

trng cc yu tnhthanh phn ht. xc nh hsK chnh xc th cbn phi xc

nh mnh phi thi nghim dm nn theo tiu chunno (v c c m nn TC v ci

tin... ) cng m nn trong phng phi ph hp vi cng dm nn thc tngoi hin


60/64



trng (cng m nn thc tngoi hin trng c xc nh thng qua qui m, cphng CT m chnhim n Q)

- kim tra cht lng m nn ngoi hin trng dng cht K

-K c gi l hsm nn. TrsK c quy nh trn cskho st cht ca t

trong nhng nn ng c sdng lu nm m vn n nh, trong cc iu kin khc

nhau va hnh, loi t, loi mt ng v khu vc kh hu. Ty thuc vo tnh cht,

tm quan trng ca mi loi cng trnhcng nhvtr ca mi tng lp trong nn ng

m la chn trsK khc nhau.

- Ty thuc vo tnh cht, tm quan trng ca mi loi cng trnhcng nhvtr ca mi

tng lp m la chn trsK khc nhau.

Cu 168. Trnh by cc bin php hgi thnh trong n.

Trli:

Cc bin php hgi thnh trong n:

-

La chn phng n tuyn ti u c hstrin tuyn nhchiu di tuyn

ngn i,tuyn i qua cc khu vc tng i bng phng , o p kt hp trnh

nhng on o su, p caokhi lng thi cng gim

- Kho st kcc mvt liu ti a phng tn dnggim chi ph vn

chuyn

-

Tng cc bin php thi cng bng cgii v my mc

Cu 169. Thi cng mi ni cng.

Trli:


61/64



Cu 170. Yu tlm cho ng t gim cht lng.Trli:

1)Mi trng vt cht:

a)Yu tkh hu:

-

Ma

-

Nhit

-

Gi

b)Cht lng ca t v vt liu lm ng

2) Cht lng ktht ca n thit k, ca th cng

a) n thit k: cc bc thit kli

b) Thi cng

3) Cng giao thng v ti trng trc

Cu 171. Cch xc nh din thi cng dy chuyn

Trli:

a) Khi nim

Din thi cng l chiu rng ri t m n vthi cng c php o, t, btr

cc phng tin thi cng tp kt vt liu thng chrng vi m n vi chc m xong

li ko di ti vi chc km. iu ny gy kh khn cho cng tc kim tra, iu hnh snxut cho vic btr lc lng thi cng hn chmy mc v nhn lc pht huy nng sut.

b) Cch xc nh din thi cng

- Din thi cng hp l ca dy chuyn (dy chuyn chuyn nghip cng nhdy

chuyn tng hp) l din thi cng m bo cho my mc, phng tin sn xut thi cng


62/64



ca dy chuyn hot ng bnh thng v pht huy c ht nng sut sdng.- Khi din thi cng qu di slm tng khi lng cng tc ddang, lm my

mc bphn tn v gy kh khn cho vic cho thi cng trn cng trng. Vic ch

o thi cng khng kp thi dn n slng tng, phi hp khng nhun nhuyn, khng

lin hon kp thi ca cc loi my mc thi cng.

- Nhng mt din thi cng ngn li lm tp trung my mc vi mt dy, c

thgy ra cn trln nhau khi hot ng. c bit l khi din thi cng qu ngn slm

cho my mc khng sdng c ht nng sut, khng m bo c chiu di cc on

cng tc kinh tca my.

Do vy, trong thit ktchc thi cng ng t nht nh phi thit kt c mt

din thi cng hp l nht cho dy chuyn.

Cu 172.Cch xc nh sca my thi cng.

Trli:

xc inh c sca my thi cng ta phi xc nh c khi lng (Q) cng tc ca

hng mc v nng sut (N) ca mt my lm c trong trong mt ca my.

Sca my thi cng (n): n= QN

Cu 173. Khi rnh dc khng khnng thot nc?

Trli:

Khi kim ton m lu lng nc ln nht vrnh ln hn khnng thot nc

ca rnh, khi ta phi btr rnh nh gim lng nc vrnh

Cu 174.Mc ch gia cl.

Trli.


63/64



Gia clv lng l ni dng trnh xe hoc xe tm thi, n l 1 di tnm song song vi phn ng xe chy. ngoi ra lng cn l ni dng tp kt vt

liu khi sa cha mt ng. lng phi c 1 phn gia cnhm mc ch gin nh

cho kt cu o ng phn xe chy.kt cu lgia cc thgim bt chiu dy, bt lp

kt cu hoc sdng vt liu c cng thp nhng lp mt ng trn cng phi

ging vi lp mt trn cng ca lp kt cu o ng.

Cu 175. Thun li, kh khn khi thi cng lp gia cXM.

Trli:

a)Kh khn trong khi thi cng:

-) i hi t.bt/cng chuyn dng

-) Bkhng chvthi gian thi cng ( khng c vt qu thi gian ninh kt ca

XM )

-) Ko thng xe c ngay sau khi t.cng

b) Thun li:

Ckh cao

C k.nng chu un,n nh nc

C thsd VL a phng

C thCGH t.bq/trnh t/cng

bng phng cao


64/64


Cu 176.Cch p t bn cng.Trli:

-) p thnh tng lp u hai bn cng trnh x dch cng

-) p t trn nh cng ti thiu 50cm

-) Nn dng loi t kh thot nc p t hai bn cng

-) Nu p bng : phi loi nhng vin c kch thc D> 15cm ra khi khu

vc thnh cng mt on> 1,5D

Documents

Câu hỏi bảo vệ đồ án thiết kế đường