CH 243 1 0 3

1 0 4 CH 243

a

Cubic

Tetragonal

Orthorhombic

Monoclinic

Rhombohedral

Hexagonal

Triclinic

a = b = cIa = bf:c

a#b+c

a# b#c

a = b = c

a = b f c

a # b f c

I I

(U) a = b = c

a=fl=y=gcf

ci=B z-y = 90"

ci=B=Y = 96

a=@ =y = 90"

u = Y = 96,B # 90'

a=B=Y #9d

u =B = 9&y= 126

a#LJf y f90"

Rock salt

White tin

Rhombic sulfur

Monoclinic sulfur

Calcite

Graphite

Potassium dichromate

CH 243 1 0 5

IIaI,&- ---/’t//Cubic system Octahedron Tetrahedron

1 0 6 CH 243

Biuawuu Bravais lattice

Cubic

Tetragonal

Orthorhombic

Monoctinic

Rhombohedral (Trigonal)

Hexagonal

Triclinic

3 Simple, Facecentered, Body-centered

2 Simple, Body-centered

4 Simple, Face-centered, Body-centered,

Base-centered

2 Simple, Base-centered

1 Simple

1 Simple

1 Simple

CH 243 1 0 7

Cubic

T&%gOlld

a= g= Y =96

a=b#c

Orthorhombic

a-8 = y=90’

a #b +c

Monoclinic

a = y = 96; 8 r96

a fb +c

Rhombohedral

a= B= Y+96

a=b=c

Hexagonal

a= 8=9d; y =121-j

a=b+c

Triclinif

acfi #y 496

a +b,#c

1 0 8

SinYple Face-cenferecd Body-centeredC u b i c C u b i c C u b i c

SimpleTetragonal

1 I1

tr.l

-I-, -# c

,&+-*

Body-&wedTetragonal

Simple Base-centeredMonoclink Monoc l in i c

Rhombohedral

Hexagonal

Tr ic l in ic CH 243

.

l G 3

,------

\\ \

\\

;\\

Q\, y- : \ I

\ \‘i

\ \\ i

\L-

----\

\ ‘)--

--

%!3-

*+---

-I I

4.3 bFlTWThWb3WZn (Crystal Structure)

1 1 0

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (4.2)

CH 243

TIng9l,a n A = 2dsin0

aiQlanu~l@ils “T GbeYl6ilesu~~l~~

(1) ( 1.90 x 10m’O m) = 2 d sin 2i

= 2d (0.469)

:. d = 1.90 x 10-10m/0.938

Cl-I 243 111

1 1 2 CH 243

Na+(g) + Cl-(g)bNaCI (s) + 769.85 KJ

:. W&JlULLR,:% (E,) = -769.85 KJ

CH 243 1 1 3

Nab) + Cl%) * NaCl(s)

L$Q Ec ~QW~JJlUkaR?% (lattice energy)

iLHf ~Q~aluiQUuQJnla~~~als (enthalpy of formation)

~.HS,,~Q~al~~Q~2LQ9n155tl~~ (enthalpy of sublimation)

D, ~QWkJlULLGHX?d (dissociation energy)

I ~%I~~J-I~~QQu~uL~~u (ionization energy)

A ~QV4~JJlU~ddQFJQQfliJl (electron affinity)

(-EJ + (-AH,) + (AH& + (;D,J + (I) + (-A) = 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..(4.5)

6Jik4 E, = - AH, + AHSUb +;DO+I-A . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..(4.6)

Lmmmmho1am Ed %&Qw~JF/I AH,, AH~“~, D,, I blat A

114 CH 243

CH 243 1 1 5