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Chapter 14A LIGHT IN THE DARKNESS PT II
The invasions of the Vikings weakened the forces of European unity and expansion.
These acts resulted in violence and dislocation which caused” isolation, population to diminish, the monasteries again
became outposts of civilization.
LOSING AND REGAINING FOCUS
The Roman Catholic Church became organized into an elaborate hierarchy with the pope as the head in western Europe.
The late Middle Ages were characterized by confl ict.
Towns and cities began to grow in alarming numbers, and wanted to have their own self-control.
They wanted to be free of outside leadership. One result of this struggle was the intensification of political and social thinking.
During the Middle Ages, the Church was a major part of everyday life.
The Church served to give people spiritual guidance and it served as their government as well.
Communication with Eastern Church cut off b/c of invasions
Differences began to divide the Eastern with the Western Church
A SERIOUS BREAK
East – used Greek for liturgy
Priests allowed to marry
No statues just pictures
Authority was patriarch in Constantinople
West – LatinPriest – not marryStatues were
permittedPope in Rome
authority
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN EASTERN AND WESTERN CHURCHES
Political rivalry between Rome and Constantinople
1054Patriarch of Const.
during liturgy given a papal letter of excommunication
Eastern bishop responded by excommunicating the Pope
Orthodox ChurchRoman Church
THE GREAT SCHISM
1965 excommunication of each church removed
We pray that “we may all be one.”
Ecumenism – respect for one another through honest dialogue.
Second Vatican CouncilUnion of all Christian
Churches as Jesus founded
Series of mi Series of military campaigns to allow Christian pilgrims to go to the Holy Land
Holy WarsPope Urban II – called
first crusadeWon, but great loss of
lives8 crusades in over
200 years.Most won by Muslims
THE CRUSADES
End of 10 th century relations between religions were tolerated
Christians allowed to pilgrimage to Jerusalem even though held by Muslims
Turks were expanding eastern empire and attacked some pilgrims
Pope Urban II sent 1 st crusade
HOW THE CRUSADES BEGAN
Prevent persecutions of pilgrims
Win back the Holy Land
Stop fighting between feudal lords of Europe. They would join together for a united cause
Heal break between the east and west
WHY POPE URBAN II BEGAN THE CRUSADES
Stirred up enthusiasm for Christian faith
Opened doors between east and west
Pilgrimages promotedA renewed devotion to
the Passion of ChristWay of the Cross intro
to EuropeBrought commerce and
tradeMore people moved to
city around church
POSITIVES - CRUSADES
Atrocities committed by Christians and Muslims
Some only to get rich
Further trouble between east and west churches
NEGATIVES - CRUSADES
2000 Pope John Paul II issued an apology for the wrongs committed by some member of the Church during the Crusades.
“The Church cannot cross the threshold of the new millennium without encouraging her children to purify themselves through repentance of past errors and infi delity , inconsistency and slowness to act.
During Middle Ages heretics were considered traitors since church and state were united
Heretics put on trial in hopes they would change their minds
Many were severely tortured
THE SEARCH FOR HERETICS
13th centuryOffi cial Catholic
court to examine, investigate, and punish those accused of heresy
Severe torture was inflicted upon the Moors (Muslims) and Jews.
INQUISITION
Church influenced life of the people All governed by
Church law People looked to the
Church to meet spiritual and physical needs
All celebrated Church feasts
All went to Church schools
A BLEND OF CHURCH AND STATE
St Francis of Assisi Rich Sold everything Teach, preach, caring
for poor Franciscans Mendicant Order –
lived like Christ w/o land or money
Reminded Church to live Gospel of poverty and concern for poor
A LIGHT TO THOSE IN NEED
DominicansCarmelitesCapuchinsAugustiniansVows of poverty,
chastity and obedience
Lived in citiesBegged for food
(mendicant)
OTHER RELIGIOUS COMMUNITIES
Benedictine monksStayed in their monasteries
St DominicWealthy Spanish noble
Became priestNeed for scholars and preachers who lived poor lives
DominicansFounded many universities
CENTER OF LIGHT; THE UNIVERSITIES
As student: slow in giving answers
“dumb ox”Great Catholic
writer and thinkerSumma Theologiae
(summary of theology) explanation of Catholic beliefs
ST. THOMAS AQUINAS