-
2008 pp291-308
-
_2.12.mpg
-
_.pps_.pps
-
(Toxicity)
LD50LC50
-
(Lethal Concentration 50%, LC50)
(Lethal Dosage 50%, LD50)
-
Classification of toxic agents
*based on their target organ: liver, kidney, hematopoietic
system
*based on their use: pesticide, solvent, food additive
*based on their source: animal, plant, synthetic
*based on their effects: cancer, mutation
*based on their physical state: gas, liquid, particle
*based on their labeling requirements: explosive, flammable
*based on their chemistry: aromatic amine, halogenated
hydrocarbon
*based on their poisoning potential: extremely toxic, very
toxic
*based on their biochemical mechanism of action: sulfhydryl
inhibitor, methemoglobin producer
*based on the source of exposure or legislative purposes:
air
pollutants, water pollutants, occupation-related agents
-
Characteristics of exposure
route and site of exposure: ingestion (gastrointestinal
tract), inhalation (lungs), topical/dermal (skin)
duration and frequency of exposure
_515_flv.flv_515_flv.flv 2010.doc _1.13.avi
-
Spectrum of undesired effects
1. allergic reactions
2. idiosyncratic reactions
3. immediate vs. delayed toxicity
4. reversible vs. irreversible toxic effects
5. local vs. systemic toxicity
2012.doc
-
(Acute Toxicity) (24 - 48)()
(Chronic Toxicity)
-
Interaction of chemicals
1. additive effect
2. synergistic effect
3. potentiation
4. antagonism
.doc
-
(Toxic Chemical Substance)
-
(Broad distribution) (Environmental accumulation)
-
(Bioconcentration) (Bioaccumulation) (Biomagnification)
-
Grasshopper Effect
Future_Conditional__The_Grasshopper_Effect__Toxic_Pollution_in_the_Arctic.mp4
-
(Operation)
-
()
-
(
)()()()
()
-
()
1.
(1)5
(2)180
(3)180
2.
(1)(BCF)500
(2)-(log Kow)3
-
()
1.(IARC)12
1
2.1
3.()
12
-
(IARCWHO) (US EPA) (a)(b)
IARC US EPA
1 A
2A
B1 ()
B2 ()
a.b.
2B C a.b.
DDT
3 D
4 E (C6-H11-NO)
-
(EC)
1
2
3
-
()
1.
(1)(LD50)25
(2)(LD50)50
(3)(LC50)250
2.
(1)(LC50)1
(2)(EC50)1
-
()
1.(IARC)2B
2.2
3.2
4.
5.
-
26 26
.
-
_.pps_.pps
-
0.1%w/w
1000PPM900 PPM
50PPM
-
Allyl butyrate
CAS No. : 2051-78-7
LD 50 : 250 mg/kg
(Rat, Oral)
Harmful Harmful Harmful Non-toxic Toxic Toxic Toxic Moderately
Toxic Hazardous
-
1992
Globally Harmonized System of Classification and
Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)
-
UNCED)
IFCS
1992
OECD
UNCETDG
ILO
GHS
GHS
GHS
200212
20062
200610
20071019
G
HS
-
GHS ILO SAFEWORK
-Safe Chemicals Use
ILO
MSDS/SDS
GHS
Strategic
Approach to
International
Chemicals
Management
(SAICM) 2020
National Chemical
Management
GHS Guidance Document, UNITAR, 2005/OSHA, USA
GHS
()
International Labor Organization
-
X =
(Hazard Communication)
-
GHS Hazard Classification
Labelling
Material Safety Data Sheet, MSDS/SDS
Classification Categories
-
GHS
(UNCETDG)
(OECD)
-
GHS
+
+ CNS6864UNTDG
+
+ MSDS16
GHS + 27
+ CNS1503027CNS15030-127
+
+ MSDSSDSSDS16
-
GHS 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
UN
1. GHS 2.45
A: B: 1%0.1-0.3% 1 20.1 3CNS15030
2015
12/1
12/1 5/31 11/30
A
B
1
2
3
-
CNS 15030
-
AB
AB
-
/1
/1
-
13
-
1~2
-
4
/2
/2
3
-
GHS
9
G
H
S
8 5.2 5.1 5.1 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.1 3 2.2 5.1 2.1 2.1 1
-
GHS
9
G
H
S
~
/
/
8 8 6.1
-
GHS
(w/w)
-
(Material safety data sheet MSDS/SDS)
-
MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) ()
SDS (Safety Data Sheet) (GHS)
SDS
-
MSDS GHS SDS
-
MSDS GHS SDS
-
_.pps_.pps
