Chơi loa toàn dải - Hifi Việt Nam

25/11/2011

Chi loa ton di - :: Hifi Vi t Nam ::

Chi loa ton diCp nht ngy Th t, 18 Thng 11 2009 12:21 Vit bi HFVN Th t, 18 Thng 11 2009 11:22

HFVN - Cng nh bao th chi trn i, s thch ca nhng ngi am m audio tht a dng. C ngi thch m thanh a knh, c ngi li qu quyt rng m thanh stereo cha c g thay th c. Trong khi cc audiophile tr tui thng thch th m thanh honh trng, mnh m t nhng b dn bn dn s, cng sut ti c ngn watt, th nhng ngi chi audio lu nm li b m hoc bi th m thanh nh nhng, mc mc ca ampli n in t v loa ng trc, ton di. Trong khi c ngi lun cp nht nhng cng ngh mi nht nh SACD, DVD-Audio vo h thng ca mnh th li vn c nhng ngi tip tc trung thnh vi a than, bng ci. Ri th phn tn ch ng, khuch i mt di, nhiu di, biwire, triwire mi vic c th i c cc audiophile thc hin vi mc ch lm cho h thng nghe ca mnh tr nn hon ho hn. Nhng dng nh c mt thc t l: cng mun ti u h thng, cc audio-phile li cng d lc vo ma trn khng c li thot ca hnh trnh b sung nng cp, h thng nghe ca h ngy cng phc tp. V qu ch trng n thit b m h li qun mt im xut pht a h n vi th chi audio, l m nhc.

Ci n gin nht chnh l ci hon ho nht l quan im ca mt b phn trong gii audio v mt h thng nghe. Nhng ngi ny cho rng nhng thit b qu phc tp s lm mt nhc tnh ca m thanh, nhng bn nhc m h a thch c ti to qua cc h thng ny s khng cn tnh mc mc, t nhin vn c ca n. i vi h, nhng thit b audio c cch y c th k nh u a than, ampli n in t ba cc (single-end triod SET), loa ng trc hay ton di li chnh l h thng gip h n vi nim am m m nhc mt cch n gin nht. Trong cc s bo trc, chng ti c dp gii thiu vi cc bn v dng loa ng trc Tannoy ni ting, ln ny, chng ti mun gii thiu vi cc bn v mt loi loa tuy khng ph bin bng loa ng trc nhng cng c mt v tr nht nh trong gii chi audio v nhng u im khng th ph nhn ca n, l loa trn di. TH NO L LOA TON DI (FULL RANGE SPEAKER) Trong cuc sng hng ngy, loa trn di khng h xa l vi bn, v d d thy l tivi nh bn s dng loa ton di pht ting,www.hifivietnam.vn/home/thiet-bi/choi-loa-toan-dai/in 1/9

25/11/2011


cc radio, cassette ph thng cng ch dng mt loa duy nht ti hin cc di m thanh. Nhng trong phm vi bi vit ny, chng ti ch mun ni n loa ton di cht lng cao, s dng trong cc h thng hi-fi. Khc vi loa nhiu di, s dng 2 hoc 3 loa con trong mt thng pht ra cc i m thanh hoc loa ng trc, c thit k c mt loa treble nm trong lng loa trung trm, loa ton di s dng duy nht mt loa con nhm th hin ton b cc di m thanh. V ch c mt loa duy nht nn loa ton di khng cn s dng mch phn tn, tn hiu in i thng t ampli ti loa. y c l l mt trong nhng c im duy nht, ch c loa ton di. V cu to, loa ton di cng khng khc my loa in ng thng thng. iu khc bit d nhn bit nht l loa ton di thng c thm mt nn loa ph, nh hn nm bn trong mng loa chnh nhm mc ch tng cng kh nng th hin tn s cao. Cng ging nh hu ht cc loi mng loa khc, mng loa ton di c th lm bng giy, nha, si tng hp hoc bng kim loi (ch yu l nhm). Tuy nhin, ph bin nht vn l mng loa lm bng giy.

Loa ton di HP ca PHY c bit, nhng hng sn xut loa ton gii rt ni ting nh Lowther (Anh), Fostex (Nht Bn) s dng nhng loi giy rt nh, c ch to c bit lm mng loa. Thay v dng k thut dp mng thng thng, mng loa Lowther c ct v dn t giy cun cc nh. Trong nhng series loa gn y, hng Fostex dng loi giy lm t vt liu l si ca thn cy chui ch to mng loa. Vt liu ny gip cho mng loa rt nh nhng li c ng nh b mt tt. Mt c im ca loa ton di cht lng cao l nam chm rt ln v mnh. Nam chm ca loa Lowther c t lc ln ti 20 nghn gauss, gp i cc loa thng thng. Nhng c tnh ny i hi k thut ch to phc tp v chi ph sn xut ln, kh c th p dng cho dng loa ph thng. C l v th, s lng cc hng lm loa ton di khng nh c tn tui trn th gii cng khng nhiu, c th k n Lowther, Goodman, Jordan (Anh), PHY HP (Php), Telefunken (c), JBL (M ), Fostex, Diaton (Nht Bn) Tuy nhin, ngy nay ch cn rt t hng tip tc sn xut loa ton di. Trn th trng hin nay, Lowther v Foxtex l hai nh sn xut loa ton di c dn chi audio bit n nhiu nht. Hai hng ny hin ang sn xut rt nhiu dng loa ton di vi kch c v thit k khc nhau. Trong khi hng Lowther ni ting vi cc dng loa PM/EX cao cp (PM6A/PM6C/EX3) th Fostex li c bit n vi nhng series loa FE vi gi c mm hn (FE206E, FE8EZ).

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S thng loa ton di Cng nh loa nhiu di, loa ton di cng cn c thng. C nhiu kiu thng cho loa ton di vi nhng c im khc nhau. Kiu thng h (Open Baffle Enclosure): kiu thng ny kh c th ti to ting trm tn s thp, c bit vi loa ton di. Ch c mt s t loa i c ca PHY-HY v Altec s dng kiu thng ny. Kiu thng phn hi ting trm (Bass Reflex Enclosure): y l kiu thng ph bin nht, thit k n gin, kch thc va phi, n gip lm tng ting bass nh ch phn x m trm trong thng loa c l thng hi. Cc i loa ton di nh Gooodman 80s, Diatone 610, Fostex 207E, Jordan JX c thit k cho kiu thng ny. Kiu thng Kn sau (Back-Loadded Hom Enclosure BLH) c thit k theo nguyn l ca loa kn nhm mc ch nng nhy v kh nng ti to m trm ca loa ton di. V tn s cng thp th bc sng cng di nn thng loa Kn sau thng c kch thc kh ln m bo chiu di ca kn. V kch thc ln, thit k v gia cng rt phc tp, gi thnh cao nn kiu thng Kn sau t c cc hng p dng cho cc model thng mi. Tuy nhin, y li l kiu thng m dn chi audio a chung, thay v mua sn ca hng, h thng t ng ly theo thit kt gim chi ph v tho mn th vui ca mnh. Kiu thng Kn sau c hng Lowther p dng cho hu ht cc i loa ton di ca mnh, trong phi k n mt s thng loa rt ni ting nh Acousta, TP1. Mt s i loa ton di ca Fostex nh FE206E, FE208EZ cng c thit k cho kiu thng ny. Ngoi ra cn c mt s kiu loa ton di khc nh kiu TQWT (Tapered Quarter Wavelengh Transmission Line Speaker), Kn trc (Front Horn) Mi kiu thng loa ton di c nhng u nhc im khc nhau: loa nh gn, chi ph thp thng b hn ch ting trm v nhy. nhng loa to, c bit l loa kn th khc phc c nhc im trn nhng li chim din tch, kh gia cng v chi ph sn xut cao.


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p tuyn tn s ca loa ton di

U NHC IM C A LOA TON DI. V ch s dng mt loa duy nht nn ton di m thanh (c bit l m thanh trung v m cao) c pht ra t mt im nn m thanh ca ton di c u im l tp trung cao, to cm gic v v tr cc nhc c trong ban nhc hoc ging ht chn xc. Do vy, khi nghe loa ton di, ta cm thy tng m c nh v r rng hn. Do loa ton di khng phi s dng phn tn, tn hiu t ampli c i thng n loa, khng phi i qua cc linh kin in t ca mch phn tn nh cun cm, t in, in tr nn tn hiu ti loa khng b suy hao hoc thay i do tc ng ca cc linh kin km cht lng. iu ny c bit quan trng nu bn bit rng thit k c mt mch phn tn ti u lun l mt thch thc cho bt k nh sn xut loa no trn th gii. Mt c im lu l cc loa ton di thng c nhy kh cao, trong khi cc loa nhiu di c nhy ph bin t 86-91dB th loa ton gii thng c nhy t 90-99dB. C c iu ny l bi cc yu t: Loi b c mch phn tn, mt trong nhng nguyn nhn lm gim nhy ca loa (bn th hnh dung trong khi mnh ang phi n o tng centimet do chiu di cp dy loa t tin th tn hiu t ampli phi i qua c trm mt dy ng ca cun cm trong mch phn tn ti c loa); Do lm bng loi giy rt nh nn cng m mc tn hiu, mng loa ton di di chuyn d dng hn nhiu so vi cc loi mng loa lm bng vt liu khc, nng n hn; v Cc loa ton di cao cp thng s dng nam chm c t l c rt mnh, hn hn cc loi loa thng thng. khi kt hp vi mng bng giy nh, loa d dng p ng mc tn hiu rt thp t nhng ampli c cng sut ch t 1,5 n 3,5W(!). Lm ti nhiu tt, ngoi nhng u im k trn, loa ton di cng c nhiu hn ch. Nh ta bit, loa ton di s dng mt loa duy nht th hin tt nht l trong khong 50Hz n trn 10kHz, ngoi khong ny, m trm v m cao s b st gim nhanh chng. Do vy, tng cng ting trm, ngi ta thng s dng thng loa kiu Kn sau. Khi , phn m trung v m cao c pht ra tr c tip t mng loa, cn m trm c cng hng trn ng zch zc bn trong thng t hng kn trc khi thot ra khi ming kn. V ng zch zc bn trong thng t hng kn thng di nn m trm pht ra t loa kn sau thng c v tr hn cc di khc, nu thit k khng chnh xc, ta d gp phi trng hp lch pha gia cc tng s. Xt v kha cnh thng mi v yu t tin dng th loa ton di kiu Kn sau c nhiu nhc im: thit k v gia cng rt kh, chi ph cao, to v cng knh. Kiu loa ny kh c th tr thnh kiu loa thng mi ph bin, ch mt s t dn chi ng kiu thng ny. m rng tn s cao, tng cng ting treble, loa ton di thng c mt mng loa ph nh hn nm bn trong mng loa chnh. Mng loa ph ny gip cho loa ton di c th m rng c di tn trn 5kHz. Tuy nhin, vic gn mng loa ph cng lm cho ting treble ca loa ton di i khi nghe b chi. Khi nhn vo s p tn ca loa ton di ta thng thy nhng im nh ln t ngt khu v c tn s cao. V nhng nhc im m hc c bit ca mng loa ph nn vic thit k mt loa ton di c p tuyn bng phng lun lm au u cc nh ch to.


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Phi ghp n nht vi loa ton di l m li n 3 cc PH I GHP LOA TON DI. V nguyn tc, mi loi ampli u c th s dng cho loa ton di. Tuy nhin, nu bn hi nhng ngi chi audio c kinh nghim: nn dng ampli no phi ghp loa ton di nhy cao? Chng ti tin chc rng bn s nhn c cng mt cu tr li: ngi bn ng hnh vi dng loa ny chnh l ampli n in t ba cc SET. Vi nhy t 90 n 99dB, loa ton di c th d dng iu khin bi nhng ampli SET chy bng 2A3, 300B c cng sut t 3 n 7W, hay thm ch ampli dng bng 45 c cng sut ch 1,5W. khi gp nhau, dng nh ton b nhng u im ni bt v m thanh ca dng loa ny v ampli SET c b l ht, biu hin c bit r rt phn trung m ht sc chi tit nhng li rt mm mi, c chiu su. C mt im kh th v l cp bi trng ny u c v khng hp vi ch tiu o lng (s p tn ca loa ton di thng khng c bng phng; khi khuch i, ampli SET li to ra mo hai bc chn !!!) nhng c hai u c nhng i tai snh nhc yu thch bi nhc tnh trong m thanh m chng to ra. Nu bn mun c ting bass mnh m hn, bn c th ghp loa ton di vi nhng ampli n y ko c cng sut trn 10W nhng lc , loa ton di s mt i phn no s tinh t, mm mi phn m trung v cao. Mc d dng loa ny khng phi l i tc ca nhng ampli bn dn cng sut ln nhng cng c mt s dn chi audio trn th gii thit k nhng ampli bn dn dng s Mosfet m h cho rng phi ghp rt thnh cng vi loa ton di. Gn y, trn s s nhng nghin cu l thuyt v ampli ngun dng hng (Current Source Amplifier) cho ampli bn dn nm phi ghp vi nhng loa ton di nhy cao, Nelson Pass (ch s hu ca thng hiu Pass Lab ni ting) v cng l mt k s in t a ra t trng ampli First Watt F1. Ampil ny chy mch class A, khng dng hi tip m c cng sut ra loa l 10W, c tc gi cho rng khi kt hp vi loa ton di s cho cht lng m thanh khng km g nhng ampli n SET cht lng cao nhng vi gi thnh thp hn ng k.


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Loa ton di ca Quinceton Corporation M THANH C A LOA TON DI. c im ni bt ca loa ton di l kh nng th hin trung m. Ging ht ca ca s hoc nhc c ho tu khi nghe qua loa ton di dng nh ni bt hn ln, ngi nghe nh cm thy dy ca trung m. nhy cao gip cho loa ton di d dng th hin cc chi tit ca bn nhc m ta khng d dng bt gp cc loa khc. Khi nghe loa ton di, ngoi nhc c hay ging ht chnh, m thanh ca cc nhc c khc trong ban nhc dng nh hin din r rng hn, c nh v chnh xc, to cho ngi nghe cm nhn rt th v.Vi nhng c tnh k thut ring bit, m thanh ca loa ton di rt chi tit v sng ng di trung v trung trm, ting treble mnh v mm mi, ting trm nhanh v nh, nghe lu khng thy mt. Khi phi ghp vi nhng ampil n SET, m thanh ca loa ton di rt c nhc tnh, d dng truyn ti tinh thn bn nhc ti ngi nghe. V nhng c im trn, loa ton di rt ph hp vi nhc Jazz, Acousstic, ging ht hoc nhc ho tu thnh phng vi s lng nc c va phi. Do nhng hn ch v di tn v kh nng th hin m trm, nn dng loa ny s khng ph hp nu bn l fan ca nhc pop, rock si ng hoc khi bn mun nghe nhng bn giao hng hong trng. Vit Nam, do tnh ph bin ca sn phm cng nh thng tin v dng loa ton di cha nhiu nn s lng nhng ngi chi loa ton di cn t nu so snh vi loa nhiu di hoc loa ng trc. Phn ln nhng ngi chi loa ton di hin nay thng mua loa t nc ngoi (ph bin l loa Lowther, Fostex) v ng thng ti Vit Nam theo nhng thit k c sn. iu ny gip h c b loa nh vi chi ph va phi. Nu bn cha tng mt ln nghe loa ton di, chng ti khuyn bn hy th, chc chn rng bn s c nhng n tng kh qun v dng loa c bit ny. Theo Nghe Nhn Vit NamTh ch

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G i nhn xt Hy nhp m xc nhn Powered by !JoomlaComment 4.0 beta2 Tin m i hn: 16/01/2010 11:57 12/01/2010 09:10 11/01/2010 11:48 10/12/2009 11:36 23/11/2009 21:42 Tin c hn: 04/11/2009 13:44 29/10/2009 10:07 07/09/2009 11:49 20/08/2009 10:04 01/08/2009 15:36 Cp m thanh v cc hiu ng Lp t & hiu chnh u a than - Phn 1 Lp t & hiu chnh u a than - Phn 2 Dy tn hiu & dy loa n in t - S hi sinh k diu > Tm hiu mt s loi loa Ngun in v H thng m thanh Chn loa - Chuyn khng n gin Chn & thm nh dy Nghe v nh gi thit b ngun m Digital


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Chơi loa toàn dải - __ Hifi Việt Nam __

Chơi loa toàn dải - Hifi Việt Nam