CIF: J†OTCNDJ à WTYYJCNB leidiniai/eJournal/ob_11.pdf · HFPVSIHFPVSIKTYBZKTYBZ J CTVMTJ CTVMT CIF: J†OTCNDJ B WTYYJCNB/ZYDFHM 2001 U. 5 L eukfc †tifhjd eltkztn jcj„jt dybvfybt

NJV 6 ÄKTRNHJYYSQ ÉEHYFK UJCELFHCNDTYYJUJ LTGFHNFVTYNF CIF YJVTH 1

ZZYDFHMYDFHM 20012001

CIF: JÅOTCNDJ ‡ WTYYJCNBFVTFVTHBRHBRFYCFYCRRFFZZ

CTVMZCTVMZ

tvmz – jcyjdf kñåjuj jåot-

cndf. Jyf jåütlbyztn cfvjt

hfpyjt xbckj kñltq: änj vjuen

åsnm ytåjkmibt uheggs, f vjuen åsnm

b ytcrjkmrj ltcznrjd xtkjdtr. B jyf

bvttn cfveñ hfpyeñ cnhernehe: änj

vjuen åsnm cegheétcrbt gfhs c jlybv

htåtyrjv, rjnjhst ébden gjl jlyjq

rhsitq, f vjuen åsnm b ckjéyj cdzpfy-

yst lheu c lheujv ytcrjkmrj gjrjktybq d

hfvrfö jlyjuj bkb ytcrjkmrbö ljvfiybö

öjpzqcnd. Gj vtht ädjkñwbb jåotcndf

jåzpfntkmyj vtyztncz b cnhernehf ct-

vmb. Lheubt jåcnjzntkmcndf, yfghbvth,

bpvtytybt chtlytq ghjljkébntkmyjcnb

ébpyb bkb ghtlcnfdktybq kñltq jå ecs-

yjdktybb b eljxthtybb, nfrét jrfpsdf-

tn dkbzybt yf öfhfrnth ctvmb.

C yfcnegktybtv yjdjuj dtrf nhflbwb-

jyysq cjcnfd fvthbrfycrjq ctvmb –

vfnm, jntw b ltnb – jcnftncz ghtjå-

kflfñobv. Jlyfrj pf gjcktlybt ltcznb-

ktnbz fvthbrfycrjt jåotcndj cnfkj

cdbltntktv cfvsö hfpysö bpvtytybq d

cjcnfdt ctvmb b tt gjdctlytdyjq ébpyb.

Änj jåüzcyztncz djpltqcndbtv yf ct-

vmñ vyjétcndf afrnjhjd, yfxbyfz c

yfexyjuj ghjuhtccf b rjyxfz ghtjåhfpj-

dfybzvb d jhufybpfwbb nhelf yf hfåj-

xtv vtcnt. Vfnm-jlbyjxrf bkb jntw-

jlbyjxrf, ctvmb c ghbtvysvb ltnmvb,

yfkbxbt d ctvmt jnxbvf bkb vfxtöb, yt-

hfåjnfñobt jnws, cblzobt ljvf b eöf-

ébdfñobt pf ltnmvb, hfcnzobt b dj-

cgbnsdfñobt ltntq ltleirb b åfåeirb

– djn kbim ytcrjkmrj ghbvthjd yjdsö

zdktybq d gtcnhjq vjpfbrt cjdhtvtyyjq

fvthbrfycrjq ctvmb.

D änjv yjvtht äktrnhjyyjuj éehyfkf

≤CIF: jåotcndj b wtyyjcnb≥ ltkftncz

gjgsnrf jghtltkbnm, xnj nfrjt ctvmb

d yfcnjzobq vjvtyn, rjulf jyf ghbyb-

vftn cfvst hfpyst ajhvs, gjrfpfnm,

rfrjt dkbzybt jrfpsdfñn tt hfpkbxyst

äktvtyns yf jåotcndj d wtkjv b jxth-

nbnm djpybrfñobt d änjq cdzpb ghj-

åktvs. Jcyjdyjt dybvfybt pltcm eltkztn-

cz cjcnfde fvthbrfycrjq ctvmb, bpvtyt-

ybzv d hjkzö hjlbntktq, ltleitr b åf-

åeitr b hfcghtltktybb vtéle ybvb jn-

dtncndtyyjcnb, djpltqcndbñ yf ctvtq-

yeñ ébpym ghtjåhfpjdfybq d jhufybpf-

wbb nhelf yf hfåjxtv vtcnt. Rhjvt nj-

uj, vs ecksibv ujkjcf dphjcksö b ltntq

b epyftv, xnj jyb levfñn j ctvmt. Tc-

ntcndtyyj, jyb bcöjlzn bp hfpysö gjpb-

wbq b cvjnhzn yf ctvmñ gj-hfpyjve.

Gjvtofz d cdjtv éehyfkt änjn vf-

nthbfk, vs jnlftv ctåt jnxtn d njv,

xnj yfi ≤vjvtynfkmysq cybvjr≥ fvt-

hbrfycrjq ctvmb, cltkfyysq d lheujt

dhtvz – d åkbéfqitv bkb jnlfktyyjv

åeleotv – gj dctq dthjznyjcnb, åeltn

bysv. ■

2CIF: JÅOTCNDJ B WTYYJCNB/ZYDFHM 2001 U.

JN HTLFRWBBJN HTLFRWBB

C

3

5HFPVSIKTYBZ J CTVMT

ÅTCTLF C LEUKFCJV ÅTIFHJDSV

Rfrjds jcjåtyyjcnb cnhernehs fvthbrfycrjq ctvmb b rfrbt bpvtytybz vjuen ghjbpjqnb d ytq d åkbéfqitv åeleotv? Jlby bp dtleobö extysö b bccktljdfntktq ghtlkfuftn cdjq jndtn yf

änb djghjcs b ltkftn ytrjnjhst ghjuyjps.

8FVTHBRFYCRFZ CTVMZ D WBAHFÖ

Cnfnbcnbxtcrbt lfyyst gjrfpsdfñn vfcinfås bpvtytybq, ghjbpjitlibö d fvthbrfycrbö ctvmzö b ljvfiybö öjpzqcndfö pf gjcktlybt 50 ktn.

10XNJ AJHVBHETN CTVMÑ?

ÅTCTLF C VFHRJV ÖFNNTHJV

Exfcnybr lbcreccbb, ghjatccjh cjwbjkjubb jlyjuj bp eybdthcbntnjd, fyfkbpbhetn lbyfvbre ctvmb pf gjcktlybt 20 ktn.

12FVTHBRFYCRFZ CTVMZ D YFCNJZOTT DHTVZ

CNTAFYB REYW

Fdnjh vyjujxbcktyysö cnfntq gj djghjcfv ctvmb d Cjtlbytyysö Infnfö bpkfuftn cdjñ njxre phtybz yf ghjåktvs, c rjnjhsvb ctujlyz ghböjlbncz cnfkrbdfnmcz fvthbrfycrbv ctvmzv,

b hfccrfpsdftn j njv, rfr jyb gjlöjlzn r htitybñ änbö ghjåktv.

15BPVTYTYBT HJKB JNWF D FVTHBRFYCRJQ CTVMT

KTCKB VÄYY

Pf gjcktlytt ltcznbktnbt yterkjyyj hfcntn xbckj jnwjd, åtheobö yf ctåz jcyjdyeñ xfcnm pfåjns jltnzö d ctvmzö c ldevz hjlbntkzvb. D änjq cnfnmt fdnjh ljdjlbn lj cdtltybz xbnfntkz njxre phtybz

cfvbö jnwjd, buhfñobö bvtyyj nfreñ hjkm d cdjbö ctvmzö.

18CNFHTYBT FVTHBRFYCRJQ CTVMB

ÅTCTLF C ÄKBYJH UBYPKTH

Fdnjh, cgtwbfkbcn d jåkfcnb jöhfys pljhjdmz b lkbntkmyjuj eöjlf pf åjkmysvb b ghtcnfhtksvb, dyfcnjzott dhtvz pfybvftncz fyfkbpjv djghjcjd dpfbvjjnyjitybq kñltq hfpysö gjrjktybq. Jyf

ghbdjlbn ytrjnjhst htpekmnfns cdjtq cdjtq hfåjns yf ctujlyz.

ÄKTRNHJYYSQ ÉEHYFK UJCELFHCNDTYYJUJ LTGFHNFVTYNF CIF

JABC VTÉLEYFHJLYSÖ BYAJHVFWBJYYSÖ GHJUHFVV UJCELFHCNDTYYJUJ LTGFHNFVTYNF CIF YJVTH 1

[email protected]

Zydfhm 2001 u.

CIF: JÅOTCNDJ ‡ WTYYJCNB

CCJJLLTTHHÉÉFFYYBBTTFVTHBRFYCRFZ CTVMZ

4

20GHJXYST EPS CDZPSDFÑN LTLEITR, ÅFÅEITR B DYERJD D CJTLBYTYYSÖ INFNFÖ

D änjq cnfnmt rhfnrj bpkfufñncz htpekmnfns ytlfdytuj jghjcf, ghjdtltyyjuj Fvthbrfycrjq fccjwbfwbtq gtycbjythjd.

22YTCNFYLFHNYST VSCKB YTCNFYLFHNYJUJ HJLBNTKZ

UTQ HJÅBY KÄÅHÄV

Ukeåjrj kbxysq hfccrfp vfnthb htåtyrf-bydfkblf; ltkbncz c xbnfntkzvb ehjrfvb, rjnjhst jyf – gentv ghjå b jibåjr – bpdktrkf bp ctvbktnytuj jgsnf eöjlf pf cdjbv csyjv.

25YJDSQ FCGTRN LBCRECCBB J HFÅJNT B LTNZÖ

ÄKKTY UFKBYCRB

Ytjåöjlbvj, xnjås ltnb ghbybvfkb exfcnbt d hfpujdjhfö j hfåjnt b ctvtqyjq ébpyb, jnvtxftn fdnjh – cgtwbfkbcn gj ghjåktvfv ctvmb b hfåjns d fvthbrfycrjv jåotcndt.

28UJKJCF FVTHBRFYCRBÖ CTVTQ

NBAAFYB LFYBW

Gjhnhtn cjdhtvtyyjq fvthbrfycrjq ctvmb, cjplfyysq jåobvb ecbkbzvb ltntq b dphjcksö.

33XNJÅS KEXIT ÉBKJCM D VJTV LJVT

KJHF ITQY-RÄYYBYUÄV

Rfélfz ctvmz bkb rféljt ljvfiytt öjpzqcndj ghtlcnfdkztn cjåjq cdjtjåhfpyeñ rekmnehe, gbitn fdnjh, bpdtcnyfz gbcfntkmybwf b vtvefhbcnrf, gjlxthrbdfz ghb änjv, xnj wtkm ctvmb

jcnftncz ytbpvtyyjq.

36ÅBÅKBJUHFABZ B CFQNS BYNTHYTNF

Bplfntkm ............................................................................................................ Léelbn C. CbutkUkfdysq htlfrnjh ............................................................................. Rhtqu Å. CghbyuthJndtncndtyysq htlfrnjh ......................................................... Vfqrk Lé. ÅäylkthGjvjoybrb htlfrnjhf, Cghfdjxyfz ckeéåf ............... Vähb Äyy Uävåk

Ränb CgbutkHtlfrnjhs ........................................................................................................................Xfhkp Ujcc

Byuf VfrvfqrkHjpfkb Nfhujycrb

Öeljétcndtyyjt jajhvktybt ................................... Nflltei F. VbrcbycrbUhfabrf .................................................................................................................. Cbkmdbz CrjnnHtlfrnjh Bynthytn-bplfybz ........................................................................ Eäqy ÖjkkHtlfrnjhs heccrjuj bplfybz ...................................................... Kblbz Djhjybyf

Fktrcfylh RhfnkbHtlfrnjh heccrjuj Bynthytn-bplfybz .......................... Fktrcfylh Cdbyjd

Htlfrwbjyyfz rjkktubz .................................................................. Öjdfhl CbyrjnnfLéelbn C. Cbutk

Ktjyfhlj Ebkmzvc

Jabc vtéleyfhjlysö byajhvfwbjyysö ghjuhfvv Ujcelfhcndtyyjuj lt-gfhnfvtynf CIF ghtljcnfdkztn vfnthbfks, hfpüzcyzñobt pfheåtéyjqfelbnjhbb gjkbnbre, jåotcndj b wtyyjcnb CIF. Jabc geåkbretn gznmäktrnhjyysö éehyfkjd, gjcdzotyysö bpextybñ jcyjdysö ghjåktv, c rjnj-hsvb cnfkrbdfñncz Cjtlbytyyst Infns b vtéleyfhjlyjt cjjåotcndj.Änb éehyfks – ≤Ärjyjvbxtcrbt gthcgtrnbds≥, ≤Ukjåfkmyst ghjåktvs≥,≤Djghjcs ltvjrhfnbb≥, ≤Gjdtcnrf lyz dytiytq gjkbnbrb CIF≥ b ≤CIF:jåotcndj b wtyyjcnb≥ – gjvtofñn yf cdjbö cnhfybwfö ljrevtyns b vfnt-hbfks, jnyjczobtcz r gjkbnbrt CIF, f nfrét cjlthéfn fyfkbp, rjvvty-nfhbb b ljgjkybntkmyeñ byajhvfwbñ gj cjjndtncndeñobv ntvfv. ∆ Dctyjvthf éehyfkjd dsöjlzn yf fyukbqcrjv, ahfywepcrjv, gjhneufkmcrjv bbcgfycrjv, f jnltkmyst yjvthf nfrét geåkbreñncz nfrét yf fhfåcrjv bheccrjv zpsrfö. Yjvthf éehyfkjd yf fyukbqcrjv zpsrt gjzdkzñncz cbynthdfkjv ghbåkbpbntkmyj d jlby vtczw. Gthtdjls jåsxyj dsöjlzn xt-htp ldt-xtnsht ytltkb gjckt jgeåkbrjdfybz éehyfkjd yf fyukbqcrjvzpsrt. ∆ Vytybz, dscrfpsdftvst d änbö éehyfkfö, yt jåzpfntkmyj jnhf-éfñn dpukzls bkb gjkbnbre ghfdbntkmcndf Cjtlbytyysö Infnjd Fvthbrb.Ujcelfhcndtyysq ltgfhnfvtyn CIF yt ytctn jndtncndtyyjcnb pf cjlth-éfybt cfqnjd Bynthytnf, yf rjnjhst tcnm ccskrb d éehyfkfö, bkb ljcnegr nfrbv cfqnfv; äne jndtncndtyyjcnm ytcen bö cjplfntkb. Cnfnmb bp éehyf-kjd, j rjnjhsö bltn htxm, vjéyj djcghjbpdjlbnm b gthtdjlbnm pf ght-ltkfvb Cjtlbytyysö Infnjd pf bcrkñxtybtv ckexftd, rjulf änb cnfnmbcjghjdjélfñncz xtnrbv erfpfybtv yf yfkbxbt juhfybxtybq d bö bcgjkm-pjdfybb, yfkfuftvsö fdnjhcrbv ghfdjv. Nt, rnj cjåbhftncz bcgjkmpjdfnmpfobotyyst fdnjhcrbv ghfdjv ajnjuhfabb, ljkéys gjkexbnm cjjndtncn-deñott hfphtitybt. ∆ Ntreobt b ghtlsleobt yjvthf éehyfkjd, f nfrétfyjyc åeleobö éehyfkjd vjéyj yfqnb yf ljvfiytq cnhfybwt Jabcfvtéleyfhjlysö byajhvfwbjyysö ghjuhfvv d Bynthytnt gj flhtce: “http://usinfo.state.gov/journals/journals.htm”. Änb yjvthf ghtljcnfdkzñnczd ytcrjkmrbö äktrnhjyysö ajhvfnfö lkz jåktuxtybz bö ghjcvjnhf d jykfqyjdjv htébvt, gthtlfxb, pfuheprb b gtxfnb. ∆ Ghjcbv ghbcskfnmrjvvtynfhbb b pfvtxfybz jå änbö éehyfkfö d Gjcjkmcndj CIF d dfitqcnhfyt bkb d htlfrwbñ gj flhtce: Editor, U.S. Society & Values, Societyand Values Team – IPP/T/SV, U.S. Department of State, 301 4th Street SW,Washington, D.C. 20547, United States of America

Flhtc äktrnhjyyjq gjxns: ejvaluesÍpd.state.gov

CIF: JÅOTCNDJ ‡ WTYYJCNB

HFPVSIHFPVSIKTYBZKTYBZJ CTVMTJ CTVMT


L

eukfc Åtifhjd eltkztn jcjåjt dybvfybt

ctvtqyjq ébpyb b gjnhtåyjcnzv ctvmb

d ghjwtcct bö vyjujktnytq ädjkñwbb.

Jy djpukfdkztn ghjtrn gj bpextybñ

jndtncndtyyjcnb xtkjdtrf b jåotcndf d hfvrfö

FBG b jgeåkbrjdfk ytcrjkmrj rybu, gjcdzotyysö

ghjåktvfv ltntq, jåhfpjdfybz b åtlyjcnb. D yf-

cnjzott dhtvz jy hfåjnftn yfl cdjtq jxthtlyjq

rybujq ≤Ctvmb Fvthbrb: ntyltywbb, ubgjntps,

dsåjh≥, j rjnjhjq, d jcyjdyjv, b gjqltn htxm d

ghbdjlbvjq ybét åtctlt.

Djghjc: Cjukfcyj htpekmnfnfv dfibö bccktljdf-ybq, rfrjds cjdjregyst eckjdbz, d rjnjhsö yföjlbn-cz ctujlyz ctvmz d Cjtlbytyysö Infnfö?

Jndtn: Vyt ghtlcnfdkztncz, xnj fvthbrfycrfz ctvmz gthtébdftn gthbjl ukeåjrbö gjnhzctybq, rj-njhst dspdfñn cthmtpyst, z ås crfpfk, ≤ctqcvbxtc-rbt≥ bpvtytybz. Jlyb cxbnfñn, xnj änb bpvtytybzjnhféfñn rfnfcnhjae b hfpdfk jåotcndf. Lheubt dblzn d ybö ghbpyfrb hfcgeotyyjcnb b dctljpdjkty-yjcnb. Z ét jwtybdfñ änb bpvtytybz rfr dshfétybtghjuhtccbdyjuj ädjkñwbjyyjuj ghjwtccf, dspdfyyj-uj cjxtnfybtv ytcrjkmrbö afrnjhjd: ärjyjvbxtcrjtåkfujcjcnjzybt djphjckj, kñlb åjktt cdjåjlyj ghjzdkzñn cdjñ bylbdblefkmyjcnm, gjdscbkfcm cj-wbfkmyfz vjåbkmyjcnm. Nhflbwbjyysq åhfr, gj-vjt-ve, ghbjåhtnftn yjdst ajhvs. Jlyfrj nhflbwbjy-yst ecnfyjdrb, n.t. ghbpyfybt åjkmijuj pyfxtybz ct-vmb – b kbim d ytcrjkmrj vtymitq cntgtyb pyfxtybzåhfrf – cjöhfyzñncz. Ghbxbyf egjnhtåktybz vyjñdshfétybz ≤d ytcrjkmrj vtymitq cntgtyb≥, rjulfhtxm bltn j åhfrt, z levfñ, jåüzcyztncz ntv, xnj pyf-

xtybt åhfrf d cjdhtvtyyjq Fvthbrt evtymiftncz, bc ntxtybtv dhtvtyb nfrfz ntyltywbz åeltn cjöhf-yznmcz.

Djghjc: Rfr ds njkmrj xnj pfvtnbkb, ceotcndeñnldt ghjnbdjgjkjéyst njxrb phtybz – jlyb ghtlcrf-psdfñn hfleéyst gthcgtrnbds hfpdbnbz ctvmb, lhe-ubt ét yfcnhjtys dtcmvf vhfxyj.

Jndtn: Yt levfñ, xnj bvtñobtcz lfyyst gjlndth-élfñn ghtlcnfdktybt jå bpdtxyjq ghjxyjcnb ctvmb.Cjdthityyj jxtdblyj, xnj ctvmz ghtnthgtdftn jght-ltktyyst bpvtytybz. Byfxt yf ghjnzétybb gjcktl-ybö nhblwfnb gznb ktn e yfc yt åskj ås cnjkm dscj-rjuj ehjdyz hfpdjljd, rjnjhsq cjöhfyztncz lj cbögjh, b d ntxtybt gjcktlybö gznbltcznb ktn e yfc ytyfåkñlfkjcm ås nfrjuj pyfxbntkmyjuj hjcnf xbckfdytåhfxysö ltntq. Nfrbv jåhfpjv, ytkmpz yt dbltnm,xnj uhzlen åjkmibt gthtvtys. Jyb ghjcnj dbnfñn d djpleöt. Djghjc njkmrj cjcnjbn d njv, jåthyencz kb jyb rfnfcnhjajq bkb ghjcnj yjhvfkmyjq ädjkñ-wbtq.

Djghjc: Gthtvtys, ädjkñwbz, djpltqcndbt dyti-ybö cbk b hfpkbxyst dkbzybz vjuen åsnm gjkjéb-ntkmysvb zdktybzvb. Yt vjukb ås ds ghbdtcnb ghb-vths hfpdbnbz cjåsnbq, rjulf yjdjt åtpåjktpytyyjdjikj d ctvtqyeñ ébpym, cnfkj tç ytjnütvktvjqxfcnmñ b erhtgbkj tç?

Jndtn: D rjyntrcnt njuj, xnj åtpåjktpytyyj djikjd ctvtqyeñ ébpym, vjéyj yfpdfnm ldf yjczobö vfc-cjdsq öfhfrnth bpvtytybz, rjnjhst ghjbpjikb d ythfpheibdiböcz ctvmzö. Gthdjt bp ybö cjcnjbn dnjv, xnj d ctvmt cnfkj vtymit ltntq. Dnjhjt pfrkñxf-tncz d njv, xnj vfnthb ltntq irjkmyjuj b ljirjkm-yjuj djphfcnf gjikb hfåjnfnm, b pfyzns yf hfåjnt

ÅTCTLF C LEUKFCJV ÅTIFHJDSV

gjkysq bkb ytgjkysq hfåjxbq ltym. Änjn gthtöjl ryjdsv eckjdbzv ltqcndbntkmyj jrfpfkcz ljcnfnjxyjgkfdysv. Hjlbntkb cnfkb eltkznm vtymit dhtvtybdjcgbnfybñ ltntq. Jlybv änj yhfdbncz, lheubv –ytn. Jlyfrj dct cjukfcys c ntv, xnj änj ghjbpjikj jnyjcbntkmyj ukflrj.

Djghjc: Vjéyj kb endthélfnm, xnj b ltnb öjhjijghbcgjcjåbkbcm b ghbdsrkb r änjve?

Jndtn: Gjkfufñ, xnj änjn djghjc jcnfçncz jnrhs-nsv.

Djghjc: Njulf rfrbt jåcnjzntkmcndf dspsdfñn åtcgjrjqcndj, b vjéyj kb bpvtybnm bkb ecnhfybnm bö?

Jndtn: Z cxbnfñ, xnj cfvjt åjkmijt åtcgjrjqcndjdspsdftn njn afrn, xnj vjkjlst kñlb – jåsxyj, ytgjkexbdibt jåhfpjdfybz ltdeirb-gjlhjcnrb bp åtlysö ctvtq – pfdjlzn dytåhfxysö ltntq b yt bvttnytjåöjlbvsö chtlcnd lkz njuj, xnjås yflktéfobvjåhfpjv pfåjnbnmcz j ybö. Vs ujdjhbv ghj nfreñvjkjlçém ≤cfvb tot ltnb, f pfdjlzn ltntq≥. Z gj-ghtéytve ghblthébdfñcm njuj vytybz, xnj ghjbcöj-lbn bvtyyj nfrjq ghjwtcc. Åtlyjcnm gjhjélftn åtl-yjcnm. Pltcm yfkbwj dscjrbq rjvgjytyn åtlyjcnb,rjnjhsq cfv cjltqcndetn tç eceueåktybñ. Änj gkjöjcrfpsdftncz yf ltnzö b yt ghbyjcbn ybxtuj öjhjit-uj bö vfnthzv. Cjplfdittcz gjkjétybt vtiftn b ntv,b lheubv. D änjv b cjcnjbn cfvfz cthmçpyfz ghjåkt-vf, c rjnjhjq ghböjlbncz cnfrbdfnmcz gjcnbylecnhb-fkmyjve jåotcnde d vbhjdjv vfcinfåt, gjcrjkmre,rfr ds, djpvjéyj, pyftnt, xbckj dytåhfxysö ltntqhfcntn gjdcñle.

Djghjc: Yt cdbltntkmcndeñn kb gjcktlybt cnfnbc-nbxtcrbt lfyyst j njv, xnj d ytrjnjhsö hfqjyfö ébntkb yfxbyfñn jnlfdfnm ghtlgjxntybt wtkjvel-hbñ bkb djplthéfybñ?

Jndtn: Lf, vyjubt cnfkb dtcnb ctåz nfrbv jåhfpjv,yj lfktrj yt dct. Ghtdfkbheñofz ntyltywbz hfpdbdf-tncz d ghfdbkmyjv yfghfdktybb. Jlyfrj jyf d pyfxb-ntkmyjq cntgtyb yjcbn ubgjntnbxtcrbq öfhfrnth. Yfxbyfz ult-nj c 1992 ujlf, cnfkb vtyznmcz ntvgshjélftvjcnb, yj änj jpyfxftn, xnj vs dctuj kbimdthyekbcm r ehjdyñ 1983 bkb 1984 ujlf.

Djghjc: Ctujlyz cjplftncz dgtxfnktybt, xnj d cjcnfdt ctvtq ghjbcöjlbn ytrjt åhjétybt – ltlei-rb, åfåeirb, jnxbvs, vfxtöb, hjlbntkb-jlbyjxrb, b erféljq bp änbö rfntujhbq cdjb wtyyjcnb. Xnj étghjbpjqltn, rjulf cnjkm hfpkbxyst cbcntvs wtyyjc-ntq ghblen d cnjkryjdtybt lheu c lheujv? Elfcncz kb

ljcnbxm rjyctycecf? Rfr ét jyb eébdfñncz lheu clheujv?

Jndtn: Z yfpsdfñ bö cjñpfvb. D nhflbwbjyyjq,bthfhöbxtcrjq ctvmt, cjcnjzotq bp ghtlcnfdbntktqytcrjkmrbö gjrjktybq, änb hjkb xtnrj hfpuhfybxt-ys. Ltleirb b åfåeirb dctulf cxbnfkb, xnj jyb kex-it lheubö pyfñn, rfr yeéyj hfcnbnm b djcgbnsdfnmltntq, yj yf rfrjv-nj änfgt jyb gjyzkb, xnj hjlbnt-kb buhfñn jghtltkzñoeñ hjkm d njv, xnj ghjbcöj-lbn c ltnmvb. Änb yjdst jnyjitybz, rfr ds egjvzye-kb, cjplfñn cbnefwbb, d rjnjhsö ghfdj dphjcksö dctvmt yf cjåcndtyyjt vytybt, f nfrét yf nj, xnjås rytve ghbckeibdfkbcm, jcnftncz gjl djghjcjv. Jndtn-cndtyyjcnm hfpkbxysö dphjcksö d ctvmt yt ghbjåht-kf xtnrbö jxthnfybq b jcnftncz ytzcyjq. Gjljåyjtgjkjétybt cjplftn ljgjkybntkmyst djpvjéyjcnblkz djpybryjdtybz nhtybq d hfvrfö cjdhtvtyyjq ctvmb, gjcrjkmre dct, rjuj änj rfcftncz, yt ezcybkbctåt öfhfrnthf dpfbvjjnyjitybq d ytq.

Djghjc: B änf ytjghtltktyyjcnm jrfpsdftn ytuf-nbdyjt dkbzybt yf uhfybws fdnjhbntnf.

Jndtn: Cjdthityyj dthyj.Djghjc: Gj-ghtéytve kb ghtlcnfdbntkb cnfhituj

gjrjktybz gjkmpeñncz edfétybtv d ctvmt? Rfrjt vtc-nj jyb pfybvfñn d ytq?

Jndtn: Gjkfufñ, xnj gjkjétybt jckjéyztncz, jcjåtyyj d ckexft hfpdjlf. Xedcndetncz jghtltktyyfzgjnthz edfétybz r eitlibv bp ljvf veéxbyfv, yt-crjkmrj gflftn bö fdnjhbntn. Ltnb gjhjq crkjyysjnyjcbnmcz r jcnfdibvcz ljvf étyobyfv rfr r xtve-nj bcgjhxtyyjve. Gj-vjtve, nf ljkz vjhfkmyjuj bctvtqyjuj fdnjhbntnf, rjnjhjq gjkmpeñncz ghtlcnf-dbntkb cnfhituj gjrjktybz, jåüzcyztncz ntv, xnjjyb ljåbkbcm ecgtöf d cdjtv åhfrt b cdjtq ctvtqyjqébpyb. Tckb gjljåysq ecgtö jncencndetn, ghjbcöjlbngjlhsd bö fdnjhbntnf.

Djghjc: Cjplftncz dgtxfnktybt, xnj xfcnbxyj ghbxbyjq njuj, xnj ltleirb b åfåeirb gjhjq åthendkfcnm d ctvmt d cdjb herb, zdkztncz hjcn chtlytqghjljkébntkmyjcnb ébpyb.

Jndtn: Pltcm d jlyj b nj ét dhtvz yfåkñlfñnczldt hfpyst ntyltywbb. D ctvmzö cj chtlybv b dscj-rbv ljöjljv yfåkñlftncz ≤ghböjl r dkfcnb≥ ghjvt-éenjxyjuj gjrjktybz. Ltleirb b åfåeirb ckbirjvcnfhs, xnjås hfcnbnm b djcgbnsdfnm ltntq, b cfvb pfdbczn jn pfåjns b eöjlf cj cnjhjys cdjbö ltntq. D ctvmzö c ybprbv ljöjljv ceéftncz hfphsd vtélegjrjktybzvb. Yfghbvth, d nfrbv ctvmzö vjéyj



dcnhtnbnm 15-ktnyññ vfve, vfnthb rjnjhjq dctuj30–35 ktn. Nfrbv jåhfpjv, åfåeirf åthtn yf ctåz åjktt frnbdyeñ hjkm d jnyjitybb cdjbö dyerjd. Jl-yfrj d nj ét dhtvz, xedcndez ctåz vjkjljq, jyf öjxtntot b gjébnm lkz ctåz. Dct änj bvttn zhrj dshféty-yeñ rkfccjdeñ gjljgktre b vjétn cnfnm ghbxbyjqcbkmyjuj cnhtccf.

Djghjc: Xtuj vs vjétv jéblfnm d åkbéfqitv åeleotv d rjyntrcnt bpvtytybz cjcnfdf hfåjxtq cb-ks – åjkmit cblzobö ljvf jnwjd, åjkmifz gjnhtå-yjcnm cjchtljnjxbnm dybvfybt yf ltncrbö exhtélt-ybzö bkb gjzdktybt rfrbö-kbåj bysö äktvtynjd?

Jndtn: Nhelyj crfpfnm. Pf gjcktlytt ltcznbktnbtghjwtyn hfåjnfñobö vfnthtq afrnbxtcrb yt edtkb-xbkcz. Nfrbv jåhfpjv, djpvjéyj, vs ljcnbukb ytrjt-uj cnfnbxtcrjuj hfdyjdtcbz. Änbv z öjxe crfpfnm, xnjétyobys, rjnjhst öjnzn hfåjnfnm, – drkñxfz vfnt-htq – ntgthm hfåjnfñn. Vfnthb, rjnjhst yt öjnzn hfåjnfnm, yt hfåjnfñn. Z ujdjhñ j étyobyfö bpchtlytuj rkfccf, bvtñobö jghtltktyyeñ djpvjé-yjcnm dsåjhf. Xnj rfcftncz ctvtq c ybprbv ljöjljv,nj pltcm – d cdzpb c ghjdtltybtv htajhvs cbcntvscjwbfkmyjuj jåtcgtxtybz b jåobv erhtgktybtv ärjyjvbrb – ctqxfc cnfkj pyfxbntkmyj åjkmit hfåj-nfñobö vfnthtq.

Djghjc: Lfdfqnt rjhjnrj b d jåobö xthnfö hfc-cvjnhbv, rfrjt djpltqcndbt jrfpsdfñn htkbubjpystwtyyjcnb yf hfpdbnbt ctvmb, gjcrjkmre bvtñobtczlfyyst cdbltntkmcndeñn j njv, xnj htkbubz cnfyj-dbncz dct åjktt dtcjvsv afrnjhjv d ébpyb kñltq. D rfrjq cntgtyb, gj dfitve vytybñ, änb wtyyjcnbcnfkb ytjnütvktvjq xfcnmñ ctvtqyjq ébpyb?

Jndtn: Pfnhelyzñcm jndtnbnm yf dfi djghjc. Tlby-cndtyysv gjlndthéltybtv änjuj ghjwtccf, yfcrjkm-rj z vjue celbnm, zdkztncz nj, xnj d ytrjnjhsö ctvmzödjphjckf byntycbdyjcnm htkbubjpysö eåtéltybq,jgsnf b jåextybz. Åjkmit z ghjcnj ybxtuj yt pyfñjå änjv. Ytn cjvytybz d njv, xnj yfåkñlftncz jght-ltktyyjt djphjéltybt htkbubjpyjuj xedcndf dj dctöltyjvbyfwbzö b cbcntvfö dthjbcgjdtlfybq. Jlyfrjz gjghjcne yt pyfñ, yfcrjkmrj ibhjrjt hfcghjcnhf-ytybt gjkexbk änjn ghjwtcc.

Djghjc: Ujdjhz jå jndtncndtyyjcnb ujcelfhcndty-yjuj b xfcnyjuj ctrnjhjd gthtl ctvmzvb, d rfrjqcatht, yf dfi dpukzl, ujcelfhcndtyyfz dkfcnm ljkéyf

buhfnm jghtltktyyeñ hjkm, b dj xnj jyf yt ljkéyfdvtibdfnmcz?

Jndtn: Jcyjdsdfzcm yf jgsnt gjcktlybö 100 ktn,vjéyj crfpfnm, xnj lkz ctvtq åskj ås kexit, tckb åsghfdbntkmcndj djjåot yt dvtibdfkjcm d ctvtqystltkf. Djn b dct. Z yt pyfñ crjkmrj-ybåelm eåtlbntkm-ysö ghbvthjd, rjulf dvtifntkmcndj ujcelfhcndtyyjqdkfcnb d nj bkb byjt gjkjétybt bkb ghjdtltybt tñrfrjq-kbåj gjkbnbrb gjvjukj ctvmzv. Rjt-rnj vj-étn endthélfnm, xnj ébkboyfz gjkbnbrf – cybétybtcnfdrb bgjntxyjuj rhtlbnf – buhftn gjkjébntkmyeñhjkm d cvsckt hfcibhtybz djpvjéyjcntq ghbjåht-ntybz cjåcndtyyjuj ljvf. Ntv yt vtytt z cxbnfñ, xnj b pltcm ytn ytjcgjhbvsö ljrfpfntkmcnd.

Djghjc: D cdzpb c yfcnegktybtv yjdjuj dtrf, rfrjq ghjuyjp ds vjétnt cltkfnm jnyjcbntkmyj ctvtqyjq ébpyb d Cjtlbytyysö Infnfö?

Jndtn: D åeleotv z ghtlcnfdkzñ ctåt cktleñoeñrfhnbye d jnyjitybb ctvmb: dj-gthdsö, åjktt gj-plytt dcnegktybt kñltq d åhfr, n.t. z öjxe crfpfnm, xnjvjkjltém åeltn élfnm, gjrf ljcnbuytn ytcrjkmrj åj-ktt phtkjuj djphfcnf, f eé gjnjv cnfytn pfdjlbnm ct-vmñ. Z nfrét ghtldbée ytrjnjhjt evtymitybt xbckfåhfrjd. Änj jpyfxftn, xnj kñlb yt njkmrj åelen élfnmljcnbétybz ytcrjkmrj åjktt phtkjuj djphfcnf lkzdcnegktybz d åhfr, yj b nj, xnj dct åjkmitt xbckjkñltq djjåot yt cnfytn pfdjlbnm ctvmñ. Xbckj änjyt åeltn ckbirjv åjkmibv. Gjéfkeq, 10 ghjwtynjddctö étyoby djjåot yt pföjnzn dsöjlbnm pfveé.Cnfnbcnbrf hfpdjljd jcnfytncz cnjkm ét dscjrjq, rfrjq jyf åskf dctulf. Djpvjéyj, gjrfpfntkm rjkbxt-cndf hfpdjljd (jnyjitybt xbckf hfpdjljd r xbckeåhfrjd) ckturf cybpbncz. Vs cnfytv cdbltntkzvbevtymitybz ctvtq. Rhjvt njuj, vs edblbv pyfxb-ntkmysq hjcn cjébntkmcndf b dhtvtyysö jnyjitybqvtéle kñlmvb d cfvsö hfpkbxysö ajhvfö. D jåotvb wtkjv, z ghtlcrfpsdfñ ljcnbétybt nfrjuj gjkjét-ybz, ghb rjnjhjv kñlb – jcjåtyyj ltnb – jrféencz dåjkmitq bpjkzwbb, gjcrjkmre yt njkmrj jåf bö hjlb-ntkz åelen hfåjnfnm, yj b e dctö cnfytn vtymit hjl-ysö åhfnmtd b ctcnth, vtymit ldjñhjlysö åhfnmtd bctcnth, vtymit ntneitr b lzlñitr. Nfrbv jåhfpjv, cntxtybtv dhtvtyb vs dct åjkmit ghböjlbv r bylb-dblefkbcnbxtcrjve jåotcnde. ■

######

Pf gjcktlybt ltcznbktnbz fvthbrfycrfz ctvmz

ghtnthgtkf pyfxbntkmyeñ ädjkñwbñ. Cnfnbcnb-

xtcrbt lfyyst gjlndthélfñn ibhjrbt vfcinfås

änbö bpvtytybq.

ÅÅHHFFRR BB CCTTVVMMZZ

■ Pf gjcktlybt nhb ltcznbktnbz chtlytt xbckjxktyjd fvthbrfycrjq ctvmb chtlb åtkjuj b fahjfvt-hbrfycrjuj yfctktybz cjrhfnbkjcm c 3,1 d 1970 u. lj2,6 d 1998 u. (gj lfyysv Åñhj gthtgbcb yfctktybzCIF). Chtlytt xbckj xktyjd ctvmb chtlb bcgfyjz-psxyjuj yfctktybz djphjckj c nhtö d 1975 u. lj 3,5 d1998 u. Chtlb fvthbrfywtd fpbfncrjuj ghjbcöjélt-ybz änjn gjrfpfntkm jcnftncz yf ghtéytv ehjdyt b c1990 u. cjcnfdkztn wbahe 3,2 (lfyyst pf ghtlsleobtujls jncencndeñn).

■ D 1998 u. 53fi ljvfiybö öjpzqcnd d CjtlbytyysöInfnfö – änj ctvtqyst gfhs. Lkz chfdytybz erfétv,xnj änjn gjrfpfntkm cjcnfdkzk 78,2 ghjwtynf d 1950 u.b 61 ghjwtyn d 1980 u.

■ D 1998 u. 57fi ljvfiybö öjpzqcnd CIF cjcnjzkbbp jlyjuj bkb ldeö xtkjdtr. Tot 17 ghjwtynjd bvtkbd cdjtv cjcnfdt nhtnmtuj xtkjdtrf, b 15,6 ghjwtynfyfcxbnsdfkb xtnsht xtkjdtrf.

■ Gj lfyysv Åñhj byajhvfwbb gj ghjåktvfv yf-hjljyfctktybz, c 1975 gj 1999 uu. ghjwtyn dphjcksökñltq chtlb yfctktybz CIF, rjnjhst ybrjulf ytdcnegfkb d åhfr, edtkbxbkcz c 22 lj 28 ghjwtynjd.

■ D 1999 u. d Cjtlbytyysö Infnfö yfcxbnsdfkjcm70,2 vbkkbjyf ltntq d djphfcnt lj 18 ktn. Änj åjkm-


FVTFVTHBRHBRFYCFYCRRFFZZCTVMZ CTVMZ

D WBAHFÖD WBAHFÖ

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it, xtv d 1950 u., rjulf änjn gjrfpfntkm cjcnfdkzk vtytt 50 vbkkbjyjd. Jéblftncz, xnj r 2020 u. änfwbahf djphfcntn tot yf ctvm vbkkbjyjd. Jlyfrj d 1999 u. ltnb vjkjét 18 ktn cjcnfdkzkb 26 ghjwty-njd yfctktybz cnhfys, vtymit xtv d 1960 u. (36 ghj-wtynjd).

■ Yfåkñlfkcz hjcn xbckf kñltq d djphfcnt 65 ktnb cnfhit d jåotq xbcktyyjcnb yfctktybz c djcmvbghjwtynjd d 1950 u. lj 13 ghjwtynjd d 1999 u. Jéb-lftncz, xnj r 2020 u. änf wbahf edtkbxbncz lj 17 ghj-wtynjd.

■ Ljkz åtksö ytbcgfyjzpsxysö ltntq vjkjét 18 ktn d Cjtlbytyysö Infnfö cjrhfnbkfcm c 74 ghj-wtynjd d 1980 u. lj 65 ghjwtynjd d 1999 u. Xbckj bc-gfyjzpsxysö ltntq d jåotq xbcktyyjcnb ltncrjujyfctktybz cnhfys edtkbxbkjcm c ltdznb ghjwtynjd d 1980 u. lj 16 ghjwtynjd d 1999 u. Cjukfcyj bvtñ-obvcz ghjuyjpfv, r 2020 u. änjn gjrfpfntkm ljkétyljcnbxm 20 ghjwtynjd. Ljkz ytuhbnzycrbö ltntq chtlb ltncrjuj yfctktybz jcnftncz yf ghtéytv ehjd-yt b d ntxtybt gjcktlybö ldeö ltcznbktnbq cjcnfdkz-tn jrjkj 18 ghjwtynjd.

■ D 1998 u. 73 ghjwtynjd ctvtq c ltnmvb vjkjét18 ktn cjcnjzkb bp cegheétcrbö gfh. Änj htprj jnkbxftn bö jn ctvtq c fyfkjubxysv cjcnfdjv, bvtd-iböcz d 1950 u b 1980 u. Lkz gthdsö egjvzyensq gjrfpfntkm cjcnfdkzk 92,6 ghjwtynf, f lkz dnjhsö –80,5 ghjwtynf. D 1998 u. d 22 ghjwtynfö ctvtq c ltnm-vb vjkjét 18 ktn åskf njkmrj vfnm. Dj ukfdt jcnfd-iböcz gznb ghjwtynjd ctvtq c ltnmvb, yt ljcnbuib-vb 18 ktn, cnjzkb jnws-jlbyjxrb.

■ Gj lfyysv Åñhj gthtgbcb yfctktybz CIF, pf1996 u., chtlb ltntq, ébdeobö dvtcnt c ldevz hjlbnt-kzvb, 91 ghjwtyn ébkb dvtcnt rfr c hjlysvb hjlb-ntkzvb, nfr b c ghbtvysvb hjlbntkzvb. Ltdznm ghj-wtynjd ébkb dvtcnt c hjlysv jnwjv, hjlyjq vfnt-hmñ, c jlybv bp ghbtvysö hjlbntktq bkb c jnxbvjvbkb vfxtöjq. Jrjkj 80 ghjwtynjd ltntq, ébdeobödvtcnt c jnxbvjv bkb vfxtöjq, ébkb dvtcnt cj cdjtq vfnthmñ b jnxbvjv.

■ D 1998 u. Gjxnb 16 ghjwtynjd ltntq c jlybv hjlbntktv ébkb dvtcnt cj cdjbvb jnwfvb. Änf wba-

hf ghtdsiftn fyfkjubxysq gjrfpfntkm pf 1980 u. (8,5 ghjwtynf).

■ Xnj rfcftncz ltntq lj 18 ktn d CjtlbytyysöInfnfö, nj d 1998 u. 68 ghjwtynjd bp ybö hfcnbkbjåf hjlbntkz. Tot 23,3 ghjwtynf hfcnbkb bö hjlystvfnthb, b 4,4 ghjwtynf hfcnbkb njkmrj hjlyst jnws.Ytcrjkmrj åjkmit xtnshtö ghjwtynjd hfcnbkb lhe-ubt hjlcndtyybrb bkb gjcnjhjyybt kñlb.

■ D 1970 u. 3,2 ghjwtynf fvthbrfycrbö ltntq ébkbd ctvmt, cjlthéfybt rjnjhjq jåtcgtxbdfkb ltleirfbkb åfåeirf. R 1997 u. änf wbahf djphjckf lj 5,5ghjwtynf, xnj ghtlcnfdkztn cjåjq edtkbxtybt yf 76ghjwtynjd pf gthbjl, ckturf ghtdsifñobq xtndthnmdtrf. Njkmrj d ltdzyjcnsö ujlfö ÖÖ dtrf – c 1990 gj1997 uu. – xbckj ctvtq, cjlthéfybt rjnjhsö jåtcgt-xbdfkb ltleirf bkb åfåeirf, edtkbxbkjcm yf 19 ghj-wtynjd.

CCTTVVMMZZ,, HHFFÅÅJJNNFF BB PPFFÅÅJJNNFF JJ LLTTNNZZÖÖ

■ D 1998 u. chtlb cegheétcrbö gfh d cjcnfdt hfåj-xtq cbks CIF 56,3 ghjwtynf ghtlcnfdkzkb cjåjq ctvmb, d rjnjhsö hfåjnfñn veé b étyf. D 21,3 ghj-wtynf ckexftd hfåjnfk njkmrj veé, b d 5,7 ghjwtynfckexftd hfåjnfkf njkmrj étyf. Jcnfdifzcz xfcnmghböjlbncz yf ythfåjnfñobt gfhs.

■ Chtlb hfåjnfñobö cegheétcrbö gfh, bvtñoböltntq vjkjét 18 ktn, ljkz gfh, d rjnjhsö hfåjnfñnveé b étyf, djphjckf c 59,3 d 1986 u. lj 68 ghjwty-njd d 1998 u. Ljkz ctvtq, d rjnjhsö hfåjnftn njkmrjveé pf ldtyflwfnm ktn evtymibkfcm c 36,2 ghjwtynfd 1986 u. lj 27,1 ghjwtynf.

■ Ytåsdfkj djphjckf ljkz hfåjnfñobö vfnthtq,bvtñobö uhelysö ltntq. D 1998 u. bp 3,7 vbkkbjyfétyoby, bvtñobö ltntq, yt ljcnbuibö jlyjuj ujlf,59 ghjwtynjd åskb pfyzns yf hfåjnt dyt ljvf. D1996 u. änjn gjrfpfntkm cjcnfdkzk 31 ghjwtyn.

■ Gj lfyysv Åñhj nheljdjq cnfnbcnbrb, xbckj≤cblzobö ljvf≥ jnwjd d djphfcnt jn 25 lj 54 ktn, rj-njhst htibkb yt hfåjnfnm d cdzpb ytjåöjlbvjcnmñdsgjkytybz ljvfiybö jåzpfyyjcntq, edtkbxbkjcm c 4,6 ghjwtynf d 1991 u. lj 8,4 ghjwtynf d 1996 u. ■


V

fhr Öfnnth, cjwbjkju b ehåfybcn,

ghjdjlbn ibhjrbt yfexyst bccktlj-

dfybz, d rjnjhsö jcjåjt dybvfybt

eltkztn bpvtytybzv bycnbnenf ct-

vmb rfr nfrjdjuj, cjcnjzybñ ctvtq bvvbuhfynjd

b änybxtcrbö vtymibycnd, f nfrét hfpkbxysv

ghjåktvfv cjwbfkmyjq gcböjkjubb yfctktybz åjkm-

ijuj ujhjlf. Ytlfdyj d jlyjv bp cdjbö bynthdmñ

jy hfccrfpfk j htpekmnfnfö cdjbö bccktljdfybq.

Djghjc: Yt rfcfzcm gjrf afrnf ytåsdfkjuj hjcnfxbckf ctvtq, d rjnjhsö hfåjnfñn veé b étyf, yt vju-kb ås ds crfpfnm, rfrjt bpvtytybt d lbyfvbrt ctvmb,gj dfitve vytybñ, zdkztncz cfvsv pyfxbntkmysv pfgjcktlybt 20 ktn?

Jndtn: Nfrbö bpvtytybq ytcrjkmrj. Jlyj bp ybö –cnfhtybt yfctktybz, xnj jåeckjdkbdftn gthtöjl jnctvmb, d cjcnfd rjnjhjq döjlzn ghtlcnfdbntkb nhçögjrjktybq, r ctvmt, d rjnjhjq ghtlcnfdktys eét xtnsht gjrjktybz. Rjulf z levfñ jå änjq zxtqrt jå-otcndf c tç ghfltleirfvb b ghfåfåeirfvb, ltleirf-vb b åfåeirfvb, hjlbntkzvb b bö ltnmvb, z c jcjåsvbynthtcjv b jpfåjxtyyjcnmñ bpexfñ jnyjitybz,ckjébdibtcz d gjljåyjq ctvmt vtéle ghtlcnfdbnt-kzvb cnfhtqituj gjrjktybz b bö ltnmvb, rjnjhst cfvb vjuen åsnm ltleirfvb b åfåeirfvb. D xfcnyjc-nb, ljxthzv ythtlrj ghböjlbncz pfåjnbnmcz yt njkm-rj j cdjbö ltnzö b dyerfö, yj b j cdjbö hjlbntkzö.Dnjhsv pyfvtyfntkmysv bpvtytybtv zdkztncz njnafrn, xnj vjkjltém jnrkflsdftn yf åjktt gjplyttdhtvz cdjt dcnegktybt d åhfr b yt cgtibn pfdjlbnm

ltntq. Pltcm dj vyjujv yföjlzn jnhfétybt bpvtyt-ybz d jåkfcnb ärjyjvbrb. Åkfujlfhz ärjyjvbxtcrbvdjpvjéyjcnzv, jnrhsdfñobvcz gthtl vjkjlçémñ,dcnegfñotq dj dphjckeñ ébpym, åhfr yt zdkztncztlbycndtyysv dsåjhjv. Vjkjlsv kñlzv ghtljcnfd-ktys dct eckjdbz lkz njuj, xnjås gjkexbnm jåhfpjdf-ybt, cltkfnm rfhmthe b yt jåzpfntkmyj ghtcktljdfnmwtkm cjplfybz ctvmb.

Djghjc: Tckb ctvmz lj cbö gjh cjöhfyztn cdjtébpytyyj dféyjt pyfxtybt, gjxtve xktys ctvmb ljkéys åsnm hfpåhjcfys gj dctq cnhfyt?

Jndtn: Änj bpvtytybt jåüzcyztncz ärjyjvbxtcrb-vb b cjwbfkmysvb afrnjhfvb. Cjdhtvtyyjt jåotcn-dj xfcnj nhtåetn yfkbxbz njq bkb byjq dscjrjvj-åbkmyjq uheggs hfåjnybrjd, rjnjhst jnghfdzncz nelf, ult lkz ybö tcnm hfåjnf. Änj étkfybt vfrcbvb-pbhjdfnm ärjyjvbxtcrbt djpvjéyjcnb xfcnj ghbdj-lbn r kjvrt nhflbwbjyysö ajhv dpfbvjjnyjitybqvtéle kñlmvb, cdzpfyysvb hjlcndtyysvb epfvb.Rhjvt njuj, jpfåjxtyyjcnm kbxysv ecgtöjv xfcnjåthtn dthö yfl gjnhtåyjcnmñ d erhtgktybb ctvtq-ysö cdzptq b bcgjkytybtv ctvtqysö jåzpfyyjcntq.

Djghjc: Tckb vs ujdjhbv j ctvmt b jåotcndt, cxbnftnt kb ds, xnj jnltkmyst jnltkmyst jåobys(uheggs yfctktybz, ghjébdfñobt yf jlyjq nthhbnj-hbb) ghtlghbybvfñn ljcnfnjxyst ecbkbz lkz gjl-lthéfybz ébpyb ctvmb?

Jndtn: Ntyltywbz hfpdbnbz nfrjdf, xnj d ytq, gj-dblbvjve, jnhféftncz cnhtvktybt kñltq b ctvtqyt exfcndjdfnm d ébpyb jåoby, nj tcnm d jåobö ltkföyfctktybz, ghjébdfñotuj yf rfrjq-nj jghtltktyyjq

XXNNJ J AAJJHHVVBBHHEETTNNCCTTVVMMÑ?Ñ?ÅTCTLF C VFHRJV ÖFNNTHJV


nthhbnjhbb. Vjéyj crfpfnm, xnj änjn ghjwtcc yfitkcdjt yfbåjktt zhrjt cbvdjkbxtcrjt dshfétybt dnjv, xnj kñlb gthtcnfkb ébnm d ljvfö c åjkmibvbjnrhsnsvb nthhfcfvb gj afcfle b ntgthm ébden d ljvfö c jujhjétyysvb pfåjhfvb pflybvb ldjhfvb.

Djghjc: Lfdfqnt ytvyjuj gjujdjhbv j hjlbntkzö-jlbyjxrfö d Cjtlbytyysö Infnfö?

Jndtn: Pltcm tcnm ldt jcyjdyst uheggs. Gthdfz bpybö cjcnjbn bp åsdibö ctvtqysö kñltq, ctvmb rjnj-hsö ghtdhfnbkbcm d ctvmb hjlbntktq jlbyjxtr d htpekmnfnt hfpdjlf bkb hfpltkmyjuj ébntkmcndf ceg-heujd. Dnjhfz uheggf cjcnjbn bp hjlbntktq, ybrjulfyt dcnegfdibö d åhfr. Dtcmvf pyfxbntkmyeñ xfcnmänjq uheggs cjcnfdkzñn jlbyjrbt gjlhjcnrb bkbvjkjlst dphjckst étyobys, vyjubt bp rjnjhsö zd-kzñncz kñlmvb c ybprbv ehjdytv ljöjlf. D rféljvbö änbö ckexftd ecgtö ctvmb hjlbntkz-jlbyjxrb pfdbcbn jn öfhfrnthf jnyjitybq vtéle hjlbntktv b htåçyrjv bkb ltnmvb, f nfrét jn cntgtyb exfcnbzltleitr b åfåeitr bkb lheubö hjlcndtyybrjd d dj-cgbnfybb gjlhfcnfñotuj gjrjktybz. Rhjvt njuj,vtcnyst b ujcelfhcndtyyst jhufys, drkñxfz ltncrbtljirjkmyst exhtéltybz, vjuen jrfpsdfnm djpltqcn-dbt yf gjkjétybt d ctvmzö c jlybv hjlbntktv.

Djghjc: Cxbnftnt kb ds, xnj ltnb, dshjcibt d ctvmzö c jlybv hjlbntktv, bcgsnsdfñn ytljcnfnjrgcböjkjubxtcrjq b ävjwbjyfkmyjq gjllthérb?

Jndtn: Z nfr yt levfñ, ghb eckjdbb tckb ltnb, hfc-neobt d ljvfö c jlybv hjlbntktv, gjkexfñn gjllth-ére, eöjl b yfcnfdktybz cj cnjhjys cdjbö hjlbntktq,hjlcndtyybrjd b vtcnysö exhtéltybq, ghtljcnfd-kzñobö cjwbfkmyeñ gjvjom. Xfcnj vs cjdthityyjytdthyj gjkfuftv, xnj hjlbntkm-jlbyjxrf, ébdeobqd bpjkzwbb, zdkztncz tlbycndtyysv xtkjdtrjv, rjnj-hsq hfcnbn b djcgbnsdftn nfrjuj htåçyrf. D htfkm-yjq ébpyb änjuj jåsxyj yt ckexftncz.

Djghjc: Ceotcndetn kb pfdbcbvjcnm vtéle ghjx-yjcnmñ ctvmb b tç ärjyjvbxtcrbv cnfnecjv?

Jndtn: Ytn ybrfrjuj cjvytybz d njv, xnj ltymubvjuen jåktuxbnm vyjubt bp nzujn gjdctlytdyjq ct-vtqyjq ébpyb. Jlyfrj yfkbxbt ltytu yt zdkztncz gfyfwttq lkz ajhvbhjdfybz åkfujgjkexyjq ctvmb.Pltcm yeéys nfrét eöjl b gjllthérf. Rhjvt njuj, ytjåöjlbvj rjynhjkbhjdfnm ltntq b herjdjlbnm bögjdtltybtv. Åjufnst hjlbntkb, ghtytåhtufñobt pfåjnjq j ltnzö, yt vjuen djpvtcnbnm cdjtuj ghtytå-htétybz ltymufvb.

Djghjc: Rfrbt ghbywbgs, c dfitq njxrb phtybz,zdkzñncz jcyjdysvb lkz åkfujgjkexysö ctvtq, n.t.ghbywbgs, rjnjhst gjpdjkzñnm djcgbnfnm ävjwbj-yfkmyj phtksö, öjhjij ghbcgjcjåktyysö r ébpybvjkjlsö kñltq, b cktljdfybt rjnjhsv lftn ävjwbj-yfkmyjt eljdktndjhtybt hjlbntkzv?

Jndtn: Åkfujgjkexyst hjlbntkb b åkfujgjkexystltnb xfcnj ajhvbheñncz d htpekmnfnt gjybvfybzhfpybws d gjpbwbzö, rjnjhst jyb pfybvfñn, b dpukz-lfö, rjnjhsö jyb jncnfbdfñn. Hjlbntkb b ltnb lj-kéys xenrj jnyjcbnmcz r gjnhtåyjcnzv b pfåjnfvlheu lheuf. B pltcm njét ljkéyf wfhbnm fnvjcathfdpfbvjgjybvfybz, rjulf dct cjjåof ltkzn ujhtcnb bhfljcnb. Xktys ctvmb ljkéys gjybvfnm njn afrn,xnj lkz rféljuj bp ybö ébpym dsöjlbn lfktrj pf ght-ltks ctvmb. Äne dytiyññ bkb lheueñ ébpym nfrétcktletn ghbybvfnm dj dybvfybt ghb ajhvbhjdfybbjnyjitybq lheu c lheujv. ■

Vfhr Öfnnth – fdnjh rybu ≤Vtyzñofzcz ctvmz≥

b ≤Jgsn ébpyb d ctvmt≥. Änf åtctlf, ghbdjlzofz-

cz pltcm c cjrhfotybzvb, dpznf bp jykfqyjdjq

lbcreccbb gj flhtce: abcnews.com

Y

fghzétyyfz, cnhtvbntkmyfz ébpym

cjdhtvtyyjuj jåotcndf vjétn dsps-

dfnm cnhtccs dtplt, d njv xbckt b d

ctvmt. Ntv yt vtytt, ytcvjnhz yf dct

ghjåktvs b jåtcgjrjtyyjcnm gj gjdjle cjcnjzybz

xtkjdtxtcrbö jnyjitybq, åhfrf b djcgbnfybz lt-

ntq, kñlb d Cjtlbytyysö Infnfö ctqxfc jéblf-

ñn ujhfplj åjkmituj, xtv hfymit, jn cdjtq hjkb

hjlbntktq b jn cdjtuj åhfrf. Chfdybdfz yfcnjz-

ott c ghjiksv – c nfr yfpsdftvsv ≤ljåhsvb

cnfhsvb dhtvtyfvb≥ – vs ljkéys jnlfdfnm ctåt

jnxtn d njv, xnj vyjubt bp yfibö djkytybq

jnhféfñn nj, d rfrjq juhjvyjq cntgtyb vs

ÖJNBV ÅSNM kexit, f yt nj, yfcrjkmrj kexit

vs ltqcndbntkmyj njulf ÅSKB.

Lfdfqnt hfccvjnhbv afrns, gjlndthélfñobt dsitcrfpfyyjt.

Jnws d ythfcgfdiböcz ctvmzö ghjdjlzn åjkmitdhtvtyb cj cdjbvb ltnmvb, xtv d kñåjq lheujq gt-hbjl yf ghjnzétybb gjcktlybö 100 ktn. Ytcvjnhz yfnj, xnj c yfxfkf ÖÖ dtrf rjkbxtcndj xfcjd, rjnjhstchtlyzz étyobyf ghjdjlbn ljvf cj cdjbvb ltnmvb,cjrhfnbkjcm gj vtht njuj, rfr dct åjkmit étyobygjcnegfñn yf hfåjne, yfåkñlftncz evtymitybt xbckfltntq d ctvmt, b hjlbntkb kbxyj eltkzñn dct åjkmitdybvfybz rféljve bp cdjbö ltntq. D htpekmnfnt d yfcnjzott dhtvz vfnthb d Cjtlbytyysö Infnfö –

drkñxfz vfnthtq, hfåjnfñobö gjkysq bkb ytgjk-ysq hfåjxbq ltym – ghjdjlzn c rfélsv bp cdjbö ltntq gjxnb dldjt åjkmit dhtvtyb, xtv vfnthb dldflwfnsö ujlfö ghjikjuj cnjktnbz. Öfhfrnthyj, xnjkñlb, hfcnbdibt ltntq d cjhjrjdsö b gznbltcznsöujlfö ghjikjuj dtrf, ghbpyfñn, xnj bö cjåcndtyystdphjckst ltnb b dyerb ujhfplj kexit ybö jåofñnczb yföjlzn jåobq zpsr cj cdjbvb ltnmvb b eltkzñnåjkmit dhtvtyb dsgjkytybñ hfåjns gj ljve.

Fvthbrfycrbt ltnb nfrét xedcndeñn ctåz åtpjgfc-ytt, xtv rjulf-kbåj d ghjikjv. D gznbltcznsö ujlföghjikjuj dtrf e uhelyjuj htåtyrf åskj d xtnsht hf-pf åjkmit ifycjd evthtnm, xtv ctujlyz. Dthjznyjcnmnjuj, xnj hjlbntkzv cthtlbys ghjikjuj cnjktnbzghbltncz ghbcencndjdfnm yf gjöjhjyfö cdjbö ltntqvjkjét 15 ktn, åskf d nhb hfpf dsit fyfkjubxyjq dthjznyjcnb e cjdhtvtyysö hjlbntktq. Hjlbntkb gz-nbltcznsö ujljd ghjikjuj dtrf bvtkb yf 27 ghjwty-njd åjkmit ifycjd gjnthznm rjuj-kbåj bp cdjbö ltntq d djphfcnt jn 15 lj 20 ktn, xtv hjlbntkb d yfitdhtvz.

Tckb jukzyenmcz yfpfl b vscktyyj jrbyenm dpukz-ljv ghjikjt nsczxtktnbt, vs vjétv eåtlbnmcz dnjv, xnj ctvmb dctulf jnkbxfkbcm hfpyjjåhfpbtv bghtnthgtdfkb pyfxbntkmyst bpvtytybz. Yt åskj gthbjlf, rjulf ctvmzv yt ghböjlbkjcm ås htifnm wtksq hzl yfceoysö ghjåktv, xnjås pfntv dyjdmcnjkryenmcz c ytjåöjlbvjcnmñ dsgjkytybz yjdsö


FVTFVTHBRHBR FYCFYCRR FF Z Z CTVMZCTVMZ

D YD YFCNJZOTT DHTVZFCNJZOTT DHTVZCNTAFYB REYW

pflfx b ghtjljktybz yjdsö nhelyjcntq. Nj, xnj cgj-cjåcndetn yjhvfkmyjve ceotcndjdfybñ ctvmb d jlybö ärjyjvbxtcrbö b rekmnehysö eckjdbzö, ytgjlöjlbn lkz ctvmb, yföjlzotqcz gjl djpltqcndbtv cjdthityyj bysö ärjyjvbxtcrbö b rekmnehysö afr-njhjd. Nj, xnj åkfujghbzncndetn ctvtqyjq ébpyb yfjlyjv bp tt änfgjd, vjétn jrfpfnmcz ueåbntkmysv yflheujv. Tckb b tcnm rfrjq-nj ehjr, rjnjhsq vjéyjbpdktxm bp ghjikjuj nsczxtktnbz bcnjhbb ctvmb, njjy cjcnjbn d cktleñotv: ctvmzv dctulf ghböjlbnczljujyznm bpvtyzñobqcz vbh.

Djpmvtv, r ghbvthe, cgjhysq djghjc j hfåjnfñ-obö vfnthzö. Ctvmb, d rjnjhsö vfnthb ghjdjlzncnjkmrj ét dhtvtyb, pfhfåfnsdfz yf ébpym, crjkmrjjyb eltkzñn pfåjnt j ltnzö b bö djcgbnfybñ, ytghtlcnfdkzñn cjåjq ybxtuj yjdjuj. Jyb åskb jåsx-ysv zdktybtv yf ghjnzétybb åjkmitq xfcnb gjcktl-ybö ldeö nsczxtktnbq. D ÖIÖ dtrt pfveéybt étyobysd Cjtlbytyysö Infnfö yfxfkb gjcntgtyyj åhjcfnmhfåjne, yj d åjkmibycndt ctvtq nfrjt cnfkj djpvjé-ysv njkmrj åkfujlfhz njve, xnj änbv étyobyfv ghb-ikjcm jnghfdbnm yf hfåjne cdjbö ltntq. Rjulf ltn-crbq nhel åsk pfghtoty, pfveéybt étyobys dyjdmyfxfkb ecnhfbdfnmcz yf hfåjne, b änj zdktybt ghbyz-kj tot åjkmibt vfcinfås.

D ntxtybt ytcrjkmrbö ltcznbktnbq jnrfp jn ghbvt-ytybz ltncrjuj nhelf itk åjktt dscjrbvb ntvgfvb,xtv hjcn xbckf hfåjnfñobö étyoby. Njulf veéxbyfdyjdm cnfk rjhvbkmwtv ctvmb. D ldflwfnsö ujlföghjikjuj dtrf dgthdst d bcnjhbb CjtlbytyysöInfnjd åjkmibycndj fvthbrfycrbö ltntq hjckj d ctvmzö, ult veé jåtcgtxbdfk dtcm ctvtqysq ljöjl, fétyf jcnfdfkfcm ljvf, b änb ltnb b bö åeleobt åhf-nmz b ctcnhs gjikb d irjke, f yt yf hfåjne. D gznblt-cznsö ujlfö ghjikjuj cnjktnbz gjxnb ldt nhtnb ltntq cnhfys hjckb d nfrbö ctvmzö, xnj ghtlcnfdkztncjåjq cfvsq dscjrbq gjrfpfntkm dctö dhtvty. Jlyf-rj d njv ét ltcznbktnbb yfåkñlfkcz hjcn xbckf hf-åjnfñobö éty b vfnthtq, xnj dcrjht ghbdtkj r njve,xnj ctvmb, d rjnjhsö hfåjnfkb veé b étyf, cnfkbyjhvjq. Änf ntyltywbz tldf kb cjqltn yf ytn d yjdjvdtrt.

Yjdsv zdkztncz yt nj, xnj étyobys jåtcgtxbdfñngjkjdbye ljöjlf cdjbö ctvtq, f nj, xnj jyb dgthdstd pyfxbntkmyjq cntgtyb vjuen hfcgjhzéfnmcz cdjbvcjåcndtyysv ljöjljv. Yfhzle c jåhtntybtv cjwbfkm-yjq cdjåjls, änj gjpdjkztn bv cnhjbnm ébpym gjcdjtve ecvjnhtybñ. Yjdjt nfrét d njv, xnj kñlb

nhfnzn vtymieñ xfcnm cdjtq ébpyb yf pfåjne j ltnzöb bö djcgbnfybt. Änj jåüzcyztncz rfr ntv, xnj e kñltq ntgthm vtymit ltntq, nfr b hjcnjv chtlytqghjljkébntkmyjcnb ébpyb. Dgkjnm lj 1940 u. nbgbx-ysq åhfr pfrfyxbdfkcz cvthnmñ jlyjuj bp cegheujdxthtp ytcrjkmrj ktn gjckt eöjlf bp ctvmb gjcktlytujhtåtyrf. D yfcnjzott dhtvz veé b étyf vjuen hfc-cxbnsdfnm yf nj, xnj ghjdtlen dvtcnt åjktt ldflwfnbktn gjckt eöjlf ltntq bp bö ctvmb.

Hfcneofz ghjljkébntkmyjcnm dhtvtyb, rjnjhjtcegheub ghjdjlzn d rjvgfybb lheu c lheujv, d hzltckexftd ghbdjlbn r njve, xnj jnltkmyst kñlb ytjxtym-nj öjnzn vbhbnmcz c ytcxfcnkbdsv åhfrjv, färjyjvbxtcrfz ytpfdbcbvjcnm étyoby cybéftn yt-jåöjlbvjcnm cjöhfytybz bvb ytelfditujcz åhfrf.Nfrbv jåhfpjv, c jlyjq cnjhjys, c 1900 u. gjcnjzyyjhfcntn gjrfpfntkm rjkbxtcndf hfpdjljd (jnyjitybtxbckf hfpdjljd r xbcke pfrkñxtyysö åhfrjd), f c lheujq, hjcn chtlytq ghjljkébntkmyjcnb ébpyb jpyfxftn, xnj dct åjkmit ctvtqysö gfh ljébdfñn ctujlyz lj cjhjrfktnbz cdjtuj åhfrf b lj ≤pjkjnjqcdflmås≥, xtv änj bvtkj vtcnj d ghjikjv.

Yfkbxbt e étyoby yjdsö djpvjéyjcntq ibhjrjujdsåjhf åkfujndjhyj crfpsdftncz yt njkmrj yf yböcfvbö, yj b yf bö ltnzö. Bccktljdfybz gjrfpsdfñn,xnj ltnb cfvb gj ctåt xedcndeñn ctåz kexit b ghtec-gtdfñn åjkmit, rjulf bö vfnthb ljdjkmys ébpymñ,ytpfdbcbvj jn njuj, dspdfyj änj bö gjkjétybtv ljvjöjpzqrb bkb hfåjnfñotq étyobys. Rhjvt njuj,dj vyjujv åkfujlfhz yjdjq hjkb étyoby yf hfåjnt,veéxbys dct xfot jcnfñncz ljvf b pfybvfñncz djcgbnfybtv ltntq b ljvfiybvb pfåjnfvb.

Ytcvjnhz yf nj, xnj åjkmibycndj veéxby lj cbögjh vtymit cdjbö éty pfybvfñncz ljvfiybv öjpzq-cndjv, c itcnbltcznsö ujljd ghjikjuj dtrf änjn hfphsd yfgjkjdbye cjrhfnbkcz. D yfcnjzott dhtvz49 ghjwtynjd ctvtqysö gfh endthélfñn, xnj e ybö dctvmt veé b étyf d jlbyfrjdjq cntgtyb eöfébdfñnpf ltnmvb, d nj dhtvz rfr d 1985 ujle njkmrj 25 ghj-wtynjd ctvtqysö gfh pfzdkzkb j gjljåyjv hfpltkt-ybb ljvfiybö jåzpfyyjcntq. Åjktt frnbdyjt exfcnbtveéxby d hfåjnt gj ljve ekexiftn bö dpfbvjjnyj-itybz cj cdjbvb cegheufvb b åkfujndjhyj crfpsdf-tncz yf ltnzö. Pfåjnkbdst jnws cnfyjdzncz kexibvbhjlbntkzvb, xtv veéxbys, gthtrkflsdfñobt yf cdjbö éty dct pfåjns j djcgbnfybb ltntq b eöjlt pfybvb. E pfåjnkbdsö jnwjd dshfcnfñn åjktt phtkst dävjwbjyfkmyjv jnyjitybb csyjdmz, f bö ljxthb –



c åjkmitq dthjznyjcnmñ – åelen öjhjij exbnmcz dirjkt, jcjåtyyj gj vfntvfnbrt b tcntcndtyysv yferfv.

D 1900 u. chtlyzz ghjljkébntkmyjcnm ébpyb d Cjtlbytyysö Infnfö cjcnfdkzkf 47 ktn, b njkmrj xtnsht ghjwtynf yfctktybz ljcnbufkb 65 ktn b åjkttcnfhituj djphfcnf. D yfcnjzott dhtvz chtlyzz ghj-ljkébntkmyjcnm ébpyb d CIF cjcnfdkztn 76 ktn, b, gjbvtñobvcz jwtyrfv, r 2025 u. 20 ghjwtynjd yfctkt-ybz CIF åelen cjcnfdkznm kñlb, ljcnbuibt 65 ktn bcnfhit. Dgthdst dphjckjt gjrjktybt ljkéyj gkfyb-hjdfnm gjnhtåyjcnb rfr cdjbö hjlbntktq, nfr b cdjböltntq. Åjkmibycndj fvthbrfywtd htfubheñn yf cj-plfdittcz gjkjétybt c pfdblysv åkfujhjlcndjv.Rfélsq xtndthnsq fvthbrfytw d jåotq ckjéyjcnbeltkztn jlby gjkysq ltym bkb åjkmit cdjtuj dhtvt-yb åtcgkfnyjve eöjle pf ghtcnfhtksv hjlcndtyyb-rjv, b åjktt gjkjdbys fvthbrfywtd pfzdkzñn, xnj dåkbéfqibt 10 ktn cjåbhfñncz gjcktljdfnm änjveghbvthe. Ghtcnfhtkst ntgthm vtymit, xtv d ghji-kjv, gjldthétys dthjznyjcnb jrfpfnmcz åtlysvbbkb cnfnm ytvjoysvb d htpekmnfnt åjktpyb, b bvtñnåjkmit djpvjéyjcntq gjllthébdfnm cdzpb cj cdjbvbdyerfvb.

Lfét ytrjnjhst gthcgtrnbds ébpyb, rjnjhst dj-kyeñn kñltq åjkmit dctuj, ntgthm cnfyjdzncz dgjkytgthtyjcbvsvb. Gjrfpfntkb rjkbxtcndf hfpdjljd, celz gj dctve, jcnfyencz dscjrbvb, b dj vyjubö cke-xfzö hfcnjhétybt åhfrf ghbdjlbn r djpybryjdtybñcthmtpysö ghjåktv rfr lkz dphjcksö, nfr b lkz ltntq.Jlyfrj ctvtqyst els elftncz cjöhfybnm, rjulf hjlb-ntkb cdjlzn rjyakbrn r vbybveve. Gjänjve vyjubtctvmb gjcnegfñn bvtyyj nfrbv jåhfpjv. Dct åjkmithjlbntktq, rjnjhst jabwbfkmyj (gj cele) yt bvtñnghfdf jgtrb yfl cdjbvb ltnmvb, yt hfphsdfñn c yb-vb cdzpb. Hfcnen cevvs dsgkfn fkbvtynjd. Gj chfdyt-ybñ c ghjiksvb ltcznbktnbzvb vtymifz ljkz ltntqbp hfpdtltyysö ctvtq cnfkrbdftncz c ghjåktvfvb.Rhjvt njuj, ctvmb, d rjnjhsö tcnm jnxbv bkb vfxtöf,dvtcnj njuj, xnjås jnhsdfnm ltntq jn bö lheujq ct-vmb, exfncz jåtcgtxbdfnm bv vfrcbvfkmysq ljcnegrj dphjcksv, jrfpsdfñobv bv gjllthére.

Gj vtht njuj, rfr vs yfxbyftv ukeåét gjybvfnmnjn htfkmysq afrn, xnj hfpvths, ajhvs b öfhfrnthfvthbrfycrbö ctvtq ceotcndtyyj jnkbxfñncz lheujn lheuf, bysvb ckjdfvb, xnj d Cjtlbytyysö Infnföceotcndeñn ctqxfc ctvmb hfpysö dbljd b nbgjd, vs dnj ét dhtvz jåyfheébdftv, xnj bö ≤dyenhbdbljdst≥hfpkbxbz ujhfplj dféytt ≤vtédbljdsö≥. Yb jlyf bprfrbö-kbåj rjyrhtnysö ajhv ctvmb yt ufhfynbhetntt åkfujgjkexbz, b yb jlyf bp änbö ajhv yt jåhtrftntt yf hfpdfk. Dyenhtyyzz ébpym ctvmb dféytt njuj,rfr gjcktlyzz dsukzlbn cj cnjhjys.

Cfvfz åjkmifz ghjåktvf, c rjnjhjq ghböjlbnczcnfkrbdfnmcz åjkmibycnde ctvtq d CjtlbytyysöInfnfö yf pfht yjdjuj dtrf, cjcnjbn yt d njv, xnj yfib ctvmb ghtnthgtkb ckbirjv åjkmibt bpvtyt-ybz, f d njv, xnj ckbirjv vfkj bpvtybkbcm yfib jå-otcndtyyst bycnbnens. D jcyjdyjq kbybb gjdtltybzgj jnyjitybñ r pfyznjcnb xktyjd ctvtq jnhféftnczgjkjétybt, bvtditt vtcnj d åjktt hfyyññ ägjöe,rjulf åjkmibycndj vfnthtq yt åskb hfåjnfñobvbvfnthzvb, f åjkmibycndj jnwjd yt hfpltkzkb c ybvbhfljcntq pfåjns j ltnzö. Xfcnj cjplftncz dgtxfnkt-ybt, xnj irjkmyst ghjuhfvvs cjcnfdkzkbcm ghbvt-ybntkmyj r eckjdbzv, rjnjhst ceotcndjdfkb ltcznrbktn yfpfl, rjulf ltnzv ghböjlbkjcm cbltnm ljvf lkznjuj, xnjås gjvjufnm gj öjpzqcnde, bkb cfvbv blnbhfåjnfnm.

Ntv yt vtytt, ytcvjnhz yf nj, xnj jåotcndtyysvbycnbnenfv dct tot ghtlcnjbn vyjujt cltkfnm, åjkm-ibycndj fvthbrfycrbö ctvtq dcnegfñn d yjdjt nscz-xtktnbt, bvtz yfvyjuj åjktt åjufnst htcehcs, gbnfzyfvyjuj åjkmibt yfltéls b ghjzdkzz yfvyjuj åjkm-itt dybvfybt rj dctv xktyfv ctvmb, xtv rjulf-kbåjd ghjikjv. ■

Cntafyb Reyw, fdnjh rybub ≤Rfrbt vs yf cfvjv

ltkt≥, ghtgjlftn d rjkktlét Ädthuhby d u. Jkbv-

gbz, infn Dfibyunjy). Fdnjhcrbt ghfdf 1999

≤Nfqv Byr≥. Geåkbretncz c hfphtitybz.

Å

jkmibycndj kñltq yt cxbnfñn pfåjne

j ltnzö hfåjnjq≥, – endthélftn

ébntkm u. Jhjhf, infn Bkkbyjqc, Hjy

Ebkcjy, yfkbdfz cjr cdjbv nhtv csyj-

dmzv, cnfhitve bp rjnjhsö itcnm ktn, chtlytve

– xtnsht b vkflitve – ldf.

≤Jyb levfñn, xnj z cbée ljvf b xbnfñ éehyfks.Nfr vjuen hfcceélfnm njkmrj kñlb, ybrjulf yt ghjdj-lbdibt c ltnmvb wtksq ltym≥.

Ghbukzltnm pf ltnmvb gjckt jåtlf, gjrf vfvf åtuf-tn gj ltkfv, änj cjdctv lheujt, gjzcyztn Ebkcjy.Veéxbys, dpzdibt yf ctåz jcyjdyst jåzpfyyjcnb gjeöjle pf ltnmvb b pfybvfñobtcz änbv bpj lyz d ltym,pyfñn, xnj rfélsq nfrjq ltym ghtlcnfdkztn cjåjqåtcrjytxyeñ xthtle cvtys gtktyjr, ujnjdrb, cnbhrb,hfpdjpf ltntq gj rheérfv, gjregrb ghjljdjkmcndbz bdbpbnjd r ltncrjve dhfxe.

≤Z cxbnfñ, xnj vyt gjdtpkj, tckb ecgtdfñ ghjxtcnmufptne lj njuj, rfr étyf ghbltn c hfåjns≥ – ujdjhbnEbkcjy.

B dct ét jy ghbpyftncz, xnj yt ghjvtyzk ås änjpfyznbt yb yf rfrjt lheujt. Yb jy, yb tuj étyf Lt-ybc, vtytléth gj rjynhjkñ pf rfxtcndjv ghjlerwbbd rjvgfybb, pfybvfñotqcz vfhrtnbyujv buheitr, ytéfktñn, xnj d cthtlbyt ltdzyjcnsö ujljd, rjulf Ebk-

cjy jcnfdbk cdjñ hfåjne byétythf-vtöfybrf, jybljujdjhbkbcm j gjljåyjv hfcghtltktybb jåzpfyyjc-ntq. Tuj jndtn yf rhtlj änjq uthjbxtcrjq étyobys≤Ltkfnm dct yf cdtnt≥ åsk nfrbv: ≤Ns, rjytxyj, vj-étim ltkfnm dct yf cdtnt, yj yt chfpe, yt d jlyj b nj ét dhtvz≥.

D ghjdtltyyjv d 1993 u. Åñhj gthtgbcb yfctktybzCIF bccktljdfybb, 1,9 vbkkbjyjd jnwjd ltntq vjkj-ét 15 ktn jöfhfrnthbpjdfkb ctåz rfr xktyf ctvmb,dpzdituj yf ctåz jcyjdyeñ pfåjne j ltnzö. D bccktlj-dfybb ghbdjlzncz gjcktlybt cnfnbcnbxtcrbt lfyystjå änjq rfntujhbb kñltq. Jlyfrj, d jåotv b wtkjv,cblzobt ljvf jnws cxbnfñn, xnj d ltdzyjcnsö ujlföbö xbckj gjcnjzyyj hjckj, gj vtht njuj, rfr åjkmitb åjkmit éty djpdhfofkbcm yf hfåjne.

D gjlndthéltybt hjcnf xbckf nfrbö jnwjd bplfntkmbyajhvfwbjyyjuj åñkktntyz ≤Gfgf ljvf≥ GbnthÅtqkfqp ghbdjlbn xbckj gjlgbcxbrjd cdjtuj éehyfkf. C 1994 gj 1999 ujl jyj edtkbxbkjcm cj 100 lj 1000. Rféleñ ytltkñ tuj cfqn – http://www.athomedad.com – gjctofñn åjktt 2000 gjkmpjdfntktq.Xbckj gjctotybq cfqnf åfpbheñotujcz d Ymñ-Léth-cb byajhvfwbjyyjuj åñkktntyz ≤Gfgf – gjkysq hfåjxbq ltym≥ – http://www.fathersworld.com/fulltimedad– cjcnfdkztn 1500 d vtczw.


BPVTYTYBBPVTYTYBT HT HJKBJKBJNWFJNWF

D FVTD FVTHBRHBR FYCFYCRRJJQ CTVMTQ CTVMTKTCKB VÄYY


≤Cyfxfkf yfc yfpsdfkb cevfcitlibvb, f ntgthmcxbnfñn xelfrfvb, – hfccrfpsdftn Åtqkfqp, cblzobqljvf jntw ldeö vfktymrbö vfkmxbrjd. – Ctqxfc vsyfxbyftv gjébyfnm gkjls gjgjkytybz yfibö hzljd:cnfkj ghjdjlbnmcz åjkmit rjyathtywbq b bplfdfnm-cz åjkmit rybu; gjvtoftncz åjkmit jåüzdktybq cbpjåhfétybtv jnwjd dvtcnt c ltnmvb, b jhufybpetnczåjkmit ghjuhfvv gj eöjle pf vfksifvb lkz hjlbnt-ktq djjåot, f yt njkmrj lkz vfv≥.

Nhflbwbjyyfz ctvmz, cjcnjzofz bp rjhvbkmwf-jnwf, cblzotq ljvf vfnthb b ltntq vjkjét 18 ktn,rjnjhfz xtndthnm dtrf yfpfl cjcnfdkzkf 46 ghjwtynjdfvthbrfycrbö ctvtq, ecnegbkf vtcnj gtcnhjq ltvju-hfabxtcrjq rfhnbyt: ctvmb c jlybv bkb ldevz hfåj-nfñobvb dphjcksvb, rjnjhst lkz njuj, xnjås cghf-dbnmcz c ctvtqysvb jåzpfyyjcnzvb, ≤éjyukbheñn≥hfpysvb hfåjxbvb cvtyfvb, crjkmpzobvb uhfabrf-vb, hfåjnjq ytgjkysq hfåjxbq ltym b jngecrfvb. R 1998 u. ljkz nhflbwbjyysö ctvtq cybpbkfcm lj 26ghjwtynjd.

Ytcvjnhz yf nj, xnj xbckj cblzobö ljvf vfnthtqdct tot ghtdsiftn xbckj cblzobö ljvf jnwjd, rfnt-ujhbz gjcktlybö hfcibhztncz åscnhsvb ntvgfvb.Jyb b bö cjctlb jndtncndtyyj gjlöjlzn r dsgjkyt-ybñ cdjbö jåzpfyyjcntq ≤yf yjdjq ljkéyjcnb≥.

≤Z dcnhtxfk kñltq, rjnjhst, cyfxfkf ujdjhbkb, xnjjyb – vepsrfyns, gbcfntkb bkb nhtyths, – hfccrfps-dftn Ebkcjy, rjnjhsq gjllthébdftn jnyjitybz clheubvb cblzobvb ljvf jnwfvb b gjctoftn cgtwb-fkmyst rjyathtywbb lkz jnwjd. – Jlyfrj yf cfvjvltkt jyb åskb pfyzns yf hfåjnt kbim ytcrjkmrj xf-cjd. Ntgthm eét vjéyj jnrhsnj ghbpyfnmcz d njv, xnjns – cblzobq ljvf jntw≥.

≤Dctulf rnj-ybåelm crfétn ntåt: ‘E ntåz, xnj, ytnveécrjuj ljcnjbycndf? Yteétkb ns yt vjétim yfqnbhfåjns’, – éfketncz ébntkm u. Étytds, infn Bkkb-yjqc Léjy Xägväy, gjcdzofñobq dct cdjt dhtvz dj-cgbnfybñ djcmvbktnytq ljxthb Létyys b ctvbktn-ytuj csyf Bfyf. Étyf Léjyf Ränhby Aärkth-Xägväyhfåjnftn dhfxjv. ≤Yflj evtnm ljdjkmcndjdfnmcz ntv,rnj ns tcnm≥, – ujdjhbn Ebkcjy.

Ckexftncz nfr, xnj étyobys yt dctulf gjllthébdf-ñn äne pfntñ, rjulf epyfñn j ytq. Jlyfrj étyobys,hfåjnfñobt dvtcnt c Läybc Ebkcjy b Ränhby Xägväy,xfot dctuj htfubheñn yf änj cktleñobv jåhfpjv: ≤Z ås öjntkf, xnjås vjq veé gjcnegbk ås nfr ét≥.

Gjljåyj åjkmibycnde cegheétcrbö gfh, d rjnjhsöveé zdkztncz cblzobv ljvf jnwjv, Ebkcjys b Xäg-

väy åskb ctvmzvb, ult veé b étyf ltkfkb ghjatc-cbjyfkmyeñ rfhmthe. Jlyfrj jyb htibkb eghjcnbnmcdjñ ébpym, jcnfdbd, öjnz ås yf dhtvz, hfåjne, ghb-yjczoeñ ytåjkmijq ljöjl. Jyb gjlcxbnfkb, djcrjkmrj bv jåöjlbncz gjkextybt ldeö ljöjljd.

≤Rjulf vs ckjébkb hfcöjls yf ltncrbq cfl, jlté-le, nhfcgjhn, jåtls b eébys d htcnjhfyfö, åjktt dscjrbq gjljöjlysq yfkju b åjktt ljhjueñ fdnjvj-åbkmyeñ cnhföjdre, vs jåyfheébkb, xnj, tckb ås vsjåf hfåjnfkb, nj yfi ljöjl edtkbxbkcz ås njkmrj yf3000 nsczxb ljkkfhjd≥, – gjzcyztn Läybp Ebkcjy.

Yb Hjy Ebkcjy, yb Léjy Xägväy yt bvtkb jåhfp-wjdjq vjltkb gjdtltybz lkz cdjtuj yjdjuj pfyznbz.≤Z ybrjulf yt cbltk c ltnmvb, b e vtyz ybrjulf ytåskj vkflibö åhfnmtd bkb ctcnth≥, – dcgjvbyftnEbkcjy. Xägväy nfrét jnvtxftn, xnj, rjulf jy åhfkczpf änj ltkj, e ytuj ≤yt åskj fåcjkñnyj ybrfrjujjgsnf d lfyyjq jåkfcnb≥.

Ghbjåhtntybt ytjåöjlbvsö yfdsrjd hfåjns dghjwtcct tç dsgjkytybz nhtåetn xedcndf ñvjhf, cxbnfñn änb jnws. Ebkcjy dcgjvbyftn jå fyrtnt ghbghbtvt d ltncrbq cfl tuj csyf.

≤Z jndtnbk yf dct djghjcs nbgf: ≤Vjétn kb dfi htåtyjr cxbnfnm?≥ b ≤Xtv åjktk dfi htåtyjr?≥. Yfrj-ytw, ljqlz lj gjcktlytuj djghjcf: ≤Åskb kb e dfc jc-kjéytybz dj dhtvz åthtvtyyjcnb?≥, z yfgbcfk: ≤Ytn≥.

Hfåjnf cblzotuj ljvf jnwf bvttn b jghtltktyystytljcnfnrb. Jlby bp ybö – bpjkzwbz. B ltqcndbntkm-yj htpekmnfns bccktljdfybz, ghjdtltyyjuj d 1996 u.ghjatccjhjv gcböjkjubb ldeöujlbxyjuj rjkktléf dBkkbyjqct, ujdjhzn j njv, xnj 66 ghjwtynjd jnwjd,dctwtkj pfybvfdiböcz eöjljv pf ltnmvb, xedcndjdfkbctåz ≤ytcrjkmrj≥ bkb ≤gjkyjcnmñ≥ bpjkbhjdfyysvb,d nj dhtvz rfr njkmrj 37,4 ghjwtynf vfnthtq, gjkyj-cnmñ gjcdznbdibö ctåz eöjle pf ltnmvb, xedcndjdfkbctåz ytcrjkmrj bkb gjkyjcnmñ bpjkbhjdfyysvb.Tcnm b lheubt nhelyjcnb: gjxnb gjkyjt jncencndbtcdjåjlyjuj dhtvtyb, vjyjnjyysq öfhfrnth hfåjns båtcgjrjqcndj j njv, cevtñn kb änb jnws ghjljkébnmcdjñ ghthdfyyeñ rfhmthe, yt gjnthzd njuj, xtuj jybljåbkbcm hfytt.

Jlyfrj, d jåotv b wtkjv, celz gj htpekmnfnjv bccktljdfybz 1996 u., åjktt gjkjdbys jnwjd, j rjnj-hsö bltn htxm, pfzdbkb, xnj jyb ≤d dscitq cntgtybljdjkmys≥ cdjbv gjkjétybtv.

Ébntkm u. Jhjhf Äl Åfhcjnnb kbim xfcnbxyj gjcdzoftn ctåz eöjle pf ltnmvb. Cjukfcyj cdjtve uhfabre hfåjns, d gjytltkmybr, chtle b gznybwe jy


hfåjnftn byétythjv-äktrnhbrjv, f tuj étyf Kjhb gjdnjhybrfv, chtlfv b xtndthufv hfåjnftn byétythjvgj rjvgmñnthyjve jåtcgtxtybñ. Bö rjvgfybb hfp-htibkb bv cjöhfybnm vtlbwbycreñ cnhföjdre. Chtlfrfélsq hfp yfgjvbyftn bv j njv, rfrjq åskf ås böébpym, tckb ås rfélsq bp ybö hfåjnfk gjkyeñ ytlt-kñ, gjnjve xnj d änjn ltym bv ghböjlbncz kjvfnm ctåt ujkjde, yf rjuj jcnfdbnm bö itcnbktnytuj csyfb nhtöktnyññ ljxm.

≤Gj chtlfv Cfhf jnghfdkztncz r åfåeirt,– gjzcyz-tn Kjhb Åfhcjnb.– Åhfqty enhjv bltn d irjke, f pf-ntv Äl jndjpbn tuj d ljv cdjtuj lheuf. R rjywe lyzgjcelf jcnftncz ytvsnjq, b d ljvt – gjkysq hfpdfk≥.

Äl Åfhcjnb cxbnftn, xnj, gjcrjkmre jy jntw, tujhjkm d djcgbnfybb ltntq jnkbxftncz jn fyfkjubxyjqhjkb tuj étys. ≤Kjhb jåsxyj buhftn c ybvb d nböbtbuhs,– ujdjhbn jy. – Z ét åjktt fpfhnty b kñåkñghbrkñxtybz≥. Ebkcjy njét hfccrfpsdftn, xnj tujétyf crkjyyf pfybvfnmcz c ltnmvb hbcjdfybtv, d njdhtvz rfr jy gjlcnhtrftn bö r ≤åtpjåhfpbzv≥.

Ctvmz Xägväyf ghtlcnfdkztn cjåjq lheueñ rfhnbye.≤Vyjubt hjkb pfdbczn jnyñlm yt jn gjkf, f jn

jåcnjzntkmcnd, – gjkfuftn Léjy Xägväy. – ≤Rfr änjjåsxyj åsdftn, jntw buhftn c ltnmvb d vzx, gjcrjkm-re d änj dhtvz vfnm ujnjdbn jåtl. Tckb z ujnjdkñjåtl, nj Ränb buhftn c ybvb d vzx≥.

Ytcvjnhz yf nj, xnj e Älf Åfhcjnnb evtymibkfcmpfhgkfnf, f Xägväy b Ebkcjy dhtvtyyj djjåot jnrf-pfkbcm jn cdjtq, dct jyb cxbnfñn, xnj ybcrjkmrj ytghjbuhfkb jn änjuj. Gj vytybñ Xägväyf b Ebkcjyf,bö djpyfuhféltybtv zdkztncz pljhjdmt b cxfcnmt ltntq. Åfhcjnnb dscrfpsdftncz rjyrhtnytt: ≤Vjz rjv-gtycfwbz – änj, rjulf vjq csy gjlöjlbn rj vyt b ybc njuj, yb ctuj ujdjhbn: ≤Z ntåz kñåkñ≥.

Ltnb Xägväyf, Åfhcjnnb b Ebkcjyf ckbirjv vfks,xnjås jwtybnm, rfr bv gjdtpkj. F djn 21-ktnybq cneltyn Bkkbyjqcrjuj Eybdthcbntnf Ytqn Ibvxfrbvttn ghtlcnfdktybt j njv, xnj änj pyfxbn bvtnm jn-wf, cblzotuj ljvf c ltnmvb. D yfxfkt djcmvbltcznsöujljd tuj jntw Kty gjcnjzyyj yföjlbkcz ljvf c ybvb tuj ctcnhjq, rjnjhjq ctqxfc 23 ujlf. Njulf jybnjkmrj gjlhfcnfkb. Cfv Kty dcgjvbyftn nt ujls rfr≤dhtvz, rjulf d veécrbö nefktnfö tot yt åskj cnjkjd,yf rjnjhsö vjéyj åskj ås cvtybnm htåtyre gtkty-rb b gthtjltnm tuj≥.

≤D nj dhtvz änj yt rfpfkjcm vyt ytjåsxysv, – hfc-crfpsdftn Ytqn. – Jlyfrj ctqxfc, jukzlsdfzcm yfpfl,z dcgjvbyfñ, xnj jy åsk tlbycndtyysv jnwjv d ltn-crjv cfle, rjulf vtyz ghbdtkb nelf d gthdsq hfp. Jyybrjulf yt hfccnfdfkcz c yfvb, b, vjétn åsnm, gjänj-ve e vtyz lj cbö gjh cjöhfybkbcm åkbprbt jnyjit-ybz c ybv. Yt dct vjb cdthcnybrb vjuen gjödfcnfnmcznfrbvb öjhjibvb jnyjitybzvb cj cdjbvb jnwfvb.Z yt ltkñ hjlbntkmcreñ pfåjne yf veécreñ b éty-creñ. Veéxbys ljkéys b vjuen ghjdjlbnm vyjujdhtvtyb cj cdjbvb ltnmvb≥. ■

Ktckb Väyy, gbcfntkmybwf, ébdtn d u. Ctyn-

Xfhkmpt, infn Bkkbyjqc; tq ghbyflktéfn vyjuj-

xbcktyyst geåkbrfwbb d hfpkbxysö bplfybzö, tt

vfnthbfks xfcnj gjvtofñncz d ufptnt ≤Xbrfuj

nhbåmñy≥. Gthtgtxfnfyj c hfphtitybz Ktckb Väyy.

Fdnjhcrjt ghfdj 1999 ujlf.


D

wtkjv yfctktybt CIF cnfhttn.

Kñlb ébden ljkmit, b änj, ytcjv-

ytyyj, crfpsdftncz yf fvthbrfycrjq

ctvmt. Äkbyjh Ubypkth, cgtwbfkbcn

d jåkfcnb jöhfys pljhjdmz b lkbntkmyjuj

eöjlf pf åjkmysvb b ghtcnfhtksvb, hfåj-

nfñofz d Fvthbrfycrjq fccjwbfwbb gtycbj-

ythjd (FFG), ctqxfc bpexftn, xnj pfåjnbn

hfåjnfñobö ghtlcnfdbntktq gjrjktybz,

hjlbditujcz d gthbjl åehyjuj hjcnf hjélft-

vjcnb (1945–1960 uu.), rjulf ltkj rfcftncz

bö cnfhtñobö hjlbntktq.

Djghjc: Rfr ds jwtybdftnt jnyjitybz vtéle yjdsvb gjrjktybzvb b bö cnfhtñobvb bkb ghtcnf-htksvb hjlbntkzvb b lheubvb xktyfvb ctvmb?

Jndtn: Vs ébdtv d jåotcndt, rjnjhjt cnfyjdbnczdct åjktt ckjéysv. D nfrjv jåotcndt xktys jlyjqctvmb ébden dct lfkmit lheu jn lheuf, b jrfpsdfñnczhfpåhjcfyysvb gj dctq cnhfyt. D yfcnjzott dhtvzyfcxbnsdftncz åjkmit hfåjnfñobö vfnthtq, xtv dghjikjv. Dct änb afrnjhs pfnhelyzñn htitybt djghjcjd, cdzpfyysö cj cnfhtñobvb hjlbntkzvb.Gj-ghtéytve bvttncz vyjuj ctvtq, d rjnjhsö ytjå-öjlbvj pfåjnbnmcz j cnfhtñobö hjlbntkzö b ghtcnf-htksö xktyfö ctvmb. Xbckj nfrbö ctvtq cjcnfdkztn22 vbkkbjyf.

Djghjc: Xnj ds levftnt gj gjdjle ecbkbq, yfghfd-ktyysö yf nj, xnjås, ghbvtyzz ndjhxtcrbt, rjyc-nhernbdyst gjlöjls, cåkbpbnm ghtcnfhtksö uhfélfyc bö ltnmvb, yfghbvth, c gjvjomñ nfrbö jhufybpf-wbq, rfr ≤Jåütlbytyyst gjrjktybz≥?

Jndtn: Ecbkbz, yfghfdktyyst yf jhufybpfwbñ vthjghbznbq, cåkbéfñobö hfpkbxyst gjrjktybz,bvtñn xhtpdsxfqyj dféyjt pyfxtybt. Gjljåysq jåvty byajhvfwbtq vtéle kñlmvb hfpysö gjrjkt-ybq, ghjdjlzobö dhtvz dvtcnt, ghbyjcbn gjkmpedctv. Kñlb gjébkjuj djphfcnf åsdfñn åkfujlfhys,rjulf bv eltkzñn dhtvz b dybvfybt. Vjkjlst kñlbdjcöbofñncz velhjcnmñ b jgsnjv kñltq cnfhitujgjrjktybz. Gjcrjkmre yfit jåotcndj ghjljkéftncnfhtnm, vyt rfétncz, xnj gjljåysö vthjghbznbq åeltn dct åjkmit b åjkmit.

Djghjc: Hfccrfébnt, gjéfkeqcnf, j cjwbfkmysö gjcktlcndbzö dscjrjq vjåbkmyjcnb fvthbrfycrjqctvmb, jcjåtyyj ghbvtybntkmyj r cnfhtqitve gjrj-ktybñ.

Jndtn: Hfymit d Cjtlbytyysö Infnfö ghtlcnfdb-ntkb dctö gjrjktybq ébkb dvtcnt d jlyjv bkb ldeöljvfö. Gjpét yfxfkjcm hfpltktybt ctvtq, yj dct-nfrbjyb ébkb ytgjlfktre – d jlyjv ujhjlt, f, vjétnåsnm, lfét b yf jlyjq ekbwt. C gjzdktybtv ghbujhj-ljd e åjkmibö ujhjljd vbuhfwbz vjkjlsö ctvtq dghbujhjlyst pjys ghbdtkf r gjzdktybñ gthdjq pyfxbntkmyjq nthhbnjhbfkmyjq lbcnfywbb vtélegjrjktybzvb. D yfcnjzott dhtvz yfi vbh d jght-ltktyyjv cvsckt cnfyjdbncz åjktt ntcysv, yj ≤elfktyyjcnm≥ jnltkmysö xktyjd ctvmb gj-ghtéytvejcnftncz ceotcndtyyjq. Xfcnj dphjckst ltnb ébden pf cjnyb, f nj b nsczxb vbkm jn cdjbö cnfhtñobö hj-lbntktq. Yföjlzcm lfktrj, ltnb gjkfufñncz yf lheubökñltq d pfåjnt j hjlbntkzö. Yj änj yt jpyfxftn, xnjjyb cnfkb vtymit pfåjnbnmcz j hjlbntkzö, b yt cybéftn rfxtcndf b jåütvf änjq pfåjns.

CNFCNFHTYBHTYBTTFVTFVTHBRHBR FYCFYCRRJJQ CTVMBQ CTVMB

ÅTCTLF C ÄKBYJH UBYPKTH


Djghjc: Tckb xktys ctvmb åjktt åkbprb d utjuhfabxtcrjv cvsckt, rfr gjdtltybt b ghbdsxrbltleitr b åfåeitr dkbzñn yf vfktymrbö ltntq?

Jndtn: Åjkmijt pyfxtybt bvttn ghbpyfybt njujafrnf, xnj cjdvtcnyjt ghjébdfybt xktyjd jlyjq ctvmb bkb nfrjt gjkjétybt, ghb rjnjhjv jyb ébdengj cjctlcnde, ghbdjlbn r ytrjnjhsv bpvtytybzv dbö dpfbvjjnyjitybzö. Ltleirb b åfåeirb cgjcjåysjrfpsdfnm jxtym cbkmyjt gjkjébntkmyjt dkbzybt yfcdjbö dyerjd b dyextr. B dct ét, z cxbnfñ, xnj cktle-tn ghbpyfdfnm ecnfyjdbdibqcz öfhfrnth dpfbvjjnyj-itybq d ctvmzö b kbim d cbke ytjåöjlbvjcnb xfc-nbxyj gthtcvfnhbdfnm b vtyznm tuj. D ytrjnjhsöckexfzö djpdhfotybt ljvjq ghtlcnfdkztn lkz gjlhfc-nfñotuj gjrjktybz pfvtxfntkmysq jgsn. Dctulf kexit, tckb änj jåceélftncz yf dctö ehjdyzö, c ghtl-cnfdbntkzvb dctö gjrjktybq. B dctulf kexit, rjulfdct xtcnyj jåceélfñn rfr gjkjébntkmyst, nfr b jnhbwfntkmyst, cnhtccjdst, vjvtyns, cdzpfyyst cänbv.

Djghjc: Djqltn kb cnfhitt gjrjktybt ≤d vjle≥ yfhsyrt vfccjdjq rekmnehs bkb d chtlcndfö vfccjdjqbyajhvfwbb d eckjdbzö, rjulf ghjljkéftncz cnfht-ybt yfctktybz?

Jndtn: R 2020 u. kñltq d djphfcnt jn 60 ktn b cnfh-it åeltn åjkmit, xtv kñltq d djphfcnt jn 18 ktn bvkflit. Änb gjébkst kñlb åelen bvtnm dtc yt njkmrjåkfujlfhz cdjtve dyeibntkmyjve xbcke, yj b d cbke

cdzpfyysö c änbv ärjyjvbxtcrbö ghbxby. Nfrbv jåhfpjv, hfp vs cnfyjdbvcz cnfhit rfr jåotcndj, zgjkfufñ, xnj ghjbpjqltn cvtotybt frwtynjd. Vsedblbv åjkmit gjébksö kñltq d htrkfvt, yf ntktdb-ltybb b d rbyj. Hsyjr åeltn jnhféfnm åeleott jåot-cndj.

Djghjc: Rfr ltleirb bkb åfåeirb ghtjljktdfñnhfccnjzybt, jnltkzñott bö jn dyerjd?

Jndtn: Dféyj cjöhfybnm cdjt dkbzybt yf ébpymgjlhfcnfñotuj gjrjktybz. Tckb dyerb exfncz d yfxfkmyjq irjkt, nj vjéyj, yfghbvth, xbnfnm bvrybérb gj ntktajye. Vjéyj nfrét pfgbcfnm yf vfuybnjajy kñåbveñ ltncreñ rybére b gjckfnm ttdyerfv. D cdjñ jxthtlm, dyerb vjuen pfgbcfnm yf dbltjrfcctne, nj, xtv jyb pfybvfñncz, b gjckfnm ttltleirt bkb åfåeirt. Tckb tot cthmtpytt gjljqnb ränjve djghjce, vjéyj gkfybhjdfnm ghjdtltybt dye-rfvb rfybrek dvtcnt c ltleirfvb b åfåeirfvb bkbxfot jhufybpjdsdfnm dbpbns dyerjd r ltleirfv b åfåeirfv b yfjåjhjn. Yf xbcnj xtkjdtxtcrjv ehjdytb lkz dyerjd, b lkz åfåeitr b ltleitr ytn ybxtuj åjktt wtyyjuj, xtv jåvty gbcmvfvb – ghjcnsvb bgj äktrnhjyyjq gjxnt. ■

Änf åtctlf, ghbdjlzofzcz c cjrhfotybzvb, dpznf

bp jykfqyjdjq lbcreccbb gj flhtce:

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Änb htpekmnfns cdbltntkmcndeñn j njv, xnj ltleirb b åfåeirb bvtñn ytjåsryj-dtyyj ghjxyst cdzpb cj cdjbvb dyerfvb.

Ytcvjnhz yf åsneñott dj vyjubö rheufö ghtlcnfd-ktybt j njv, xnj d gjcktlybt ltcznbktnbz hjlcndty-yst eps vtéle ghtlcnfdbntkzvb hfpysö gjrjktybq d pyfxbntkmyjq cntgtyb jckfåkb, lfyyst yfwbjyfkm-yjuj jåcktljdfybz åjktt xtv 800 ltleitr b åfåeitrcnfhit 50 ktn gjrfpsdfñn, xnj jyb htuekzhyj cfvs-vb hfpysvb cgjcjåfvb jåofñncz cj cdjbvb dyerfvbb cxbnfñn, xnj bö jnyjitybz yjczn dtcmvf gjpbnbd-ysq öfhfrnth.

82 ghjwtynf htcgjyltynjd pfzdbkb, xnj d ghjikjvvtczwt dbltkbcm cj cdjbvb dyerfvb, b 85 ghjwtynjdendthélfñn, xnj yf änjv jnhtprt dhtvtyb hfpujdfhb-dfkb c dyerfvb gj ntktajye. Åjktt ctvb bp rfélsöltcznb (72 ghjwtynf) htcgjyltynjd cjjåofñn, xnj dghjikjv vtczwt pfdnhfrfkb, jåtlfkb bkb eébyfkb cj cdjbv dyerfvb, b cnjkmrj ét jghjityysö endth-élfñn, xnj regbkb bv gjlfhjr.

≤Hjlcndtyyst eps fvthbrfycrbö ltleitr b åfåe-itr cj cdjbvb dyerfvb ghjxys, – gjzcyztn pfvtcnb-ntkm lbhtrnjhf Yfexyj-bccktljdfntkmcrjq uheggs

FFG Uhtxty Cnhje. – B jyb ghbyjczn ukeåjrjt eljd-ktndjhtybt dctv≥.

≤Gjéfkeq, yfbåjktt gjhfpbntkmysvb htpekmnfnfvbegjvzyenjuj bccktljdfybz zdkzñncz vfcinfås cdz-ptq gjrjktybq lheu c lheujv≥, jnvtxftncz d bccktlj-dfybb, ytcvjnhz yf yfib ≤bcrkñxbntkmyj vjåbkmyjtjåotcndj b bcrkñxbntkmyj yfghzétyyeñ ébpym≥.

Nhblwfnm jlby ghjwtyn dphjcksö kñltq d Cjtlb-ytyysö Infnfö – ghbåkbpbntkmyj 60 vbkkbjyjdfvthbrfywtd – zdkzñncz ltleirfvb bkb åfåeirfvb.FFG ecnfyjdbkf, xnj 11 ghjwtynjd ltleitr b åfåe-itr cnfhit 50 ktn pfåjnzncz j cdjbö dyerfö; djctvmghjwtynjd htuekzhyj jåtcgtxbdfñn bv lytdyjq eöjlb nhb ghjwtynf afrnbxtcrb hfcnzn b djcgbnsdfñncdjbö dyerjd.

Cjhjr nhb ghjwtynf ltleitr b åfåeitr endthélf-ñn, xnj bv ≤jxtym kturj≥ ghblevsdfnm ≤vthjghbznbz≥lkz dyerjd, b tot 25 ghjwtynjd ltleitr b åfåeitrpfzdkzñn, xnj änj bv lftncz ≤chfdybntkmyj kturj≥. Djdhtvz jåotybz c dyerfvb ltleirb b åfåeirb åjkmitdctuj kñåzn jåtlfnm ljvf bkb d htcnjhfyt, cvjnhtnmntktdbpjh, yjxtdfnm d ljvt dyerjd, gjregfnm d vfufpb-yt jltéle b exfcndjdfnm d pfyznbzö abprekmnehjq bcgjhnjv.


GHGHJXYST EPSJXYST EPSCDZPSDFÑN LTLCDZPSDFÑN LTLEITEITR,R,ÅFÅEITÅFÅEITR B DYERR B DYERJJD D D D

CJTLBYTYYSCJTLBYTYYSÖ INFNFÖÖ INFNFÖFVTHBRFYCRFZ FCCJWBFWBZ GTYCBJYTHJD

Xnj rfcftncz ltleitr b åfåeitr, rjnjhst yt cblznc dyerfvb lytv, b rjnjhst yt ébden d jlyjv ljvt cybvb, 44 ghjwtynf bp ybö rféleñ ytltkñ dcnhtxfñn-cz c jlybv bp cdjbö dyerjd. Gjxnb nhtnm jghjity-ysö endthélfñn, xnj, gj rhfqytq vtht, hfp d ytltkñdcnhtxfñncz c jlybv bp cdjbö dyerjd bkb ujdjhzn cybvb gj ntktajye.

Hjkb, rjnjhst buhfñn ltleirb b åfåeirb, jåofzcmcj cdjbvb dyerfvb, hfpyst. Gjxnb gjkjdbyf ltleitrb åfåeitr (49 ghjwtynjd) cxbnfñn, xnj buhfñn hjkmrjvgfymjyf bkb lheuf, f åjktt nhtnb jghjityysö endthélfñn, xnj xfcnj lfñn cdjbv dyerfv cjdtns,hfpujdfhbdfñn c ybvb jå bcnjhbb ctvmb bkb hfccrf-psdfñn bv j njv, rfrbvb åskb d ltncndt bö hjlbntkb.Ldflwfnm ltdznm ghjwtynjd ltleitr b åfåeitr cjjå-ofñn, xnj xfcnj ujdjhzn c dyerfvb ≤j ljåhsö cnfhsödhtvtyfö≥.

Jndtxfz yf djghjc j njv, rfrbt dféytqibt änbxtc-rbt wtyyjcnb jyb ghbdbdfñn cdjbv dyerfv, 42 ghj-wtynf ltleitr b åfåeitr yfpdfkb dscjreñ yhfdcndty-yjcnm b xtcnyjcnm. Tot 21 ghjwtyn egjvzyekb ≤cnhtv-ktybt r ecgtöe b wtktecnhtvktyyjcnm≥, 20 ghjwtynjddrkñxbkb cñlf tot b htkbubñ, 14 ghjwtynjd erfpfkbyf edfébntkmyjt b xenrjt jnyjitybt r lheubv kñlzvb 10 ghjwtynjd pfzdbkb, xnj exfn cdjbö dyerjd åsnmjndtncndtyysvb kñlmvb, rjnjhsv vjéyj ljdthznm.

D chtlytv ltleirf b åfåeirf d Cjtlbytyysö Inf-nfö bvtñn gznm dyerjd b ghfdyerjd. Afrnbxtcrb, xtn-dthnm ltleitr b åfåeitr bvttn ghfdyerjd. ■


D Cjtlbytyysö Infnfö bydfkbls, nhtåeñobt

cgtwbfkmyjuj dybvfybz b eöjlf, rfr ghfdbkj,

gjkexfñn bö d ctvmt b d jåotcndt d wtkjv rfr

jn ujcelfhcndtyyjuj, nfr b xfcnyjuj ctrnjhjd.

D änjq cnfnmt vfnm htåtyrf-bydfkblf lftn hj-

lbntkzv, yföjlzobvcz d fyfkjubxyjv gjkjétybb,

ytrjnjhst cjdtns. Jyb – gkjl tt ctvbktnytuj

jgsnf eöjlf pf csyjv.

Z – ytcnfylfhnysq hjlbntkm. Änj jpyfxftn, xnj evjtuj csyf jcjåst gjnhtåyjcnb.

Jy hjlbkcz 10 ctynzåhz 1993 u. E ytuj rehxfdsthsébt djkjcs, rfhbt ukfpf b cnhfcnm r vepsrt. Jykñåbn ckeifnm vtyz, rjulf z gjñ tve gtctyrb, b jåjéftn cdjtuj jnwf.

Jy åjkty ägbktgcbtq b wthtåhfkmysv gfhfkbxjv,jxtym gkjöj cksibn, b e ytuj bpehjljdfyyfz cnegyz(ytcrjkmrj dsghfdktyyfz d htpekmnfnt öbhehubxtc-rjq jgthfwbb). Rhjvt njuj, tuj rjhvzn xthtp ufcnhj-njvbxtcreñ nheåre, b tve nfrét cltkfkb nhfötjnj-vbñ. Gjdhtéltybt vjpuf cdzpfyj e ytuj c jåhfpjdf-ybtv epkf yf gegjdbyt, xnj ghbdtkj r ytödfnrt rbc-kjhjlf ghb hjéltybb. Jy yt öjlbn b yt ujdjhbn, yje ytuj kexifz d vbht eksårf b kexibq d vbht cvtö.

Pfåjnf j ytv ghtlcnfdkztncz jxtym nhelyjq hfåj-njq. B änj ltqcndbntkmyj nfr. D ntxtybt gthdsö gjke-njhf ktn tuj ébpyb, åsdfkb lyb, rjulf z levfkf, xnjyt dslthée. Jlyfrj jy jxtym ljåhsq, b änj cfvjtukfdyjt. Vjq jgsn jåhfotybz c Léjief vyjujve yfexbk vtyz, b ntgthm rfr pyfñobq xtkjdtr z öjntkfås crfpfnm lheubv hjlbntkzv, e rjnjhsö ytjåsxystltnb, ytcrjkmrj ckjd. Yfltñcm, xnj jyb ghbytcengjkmpe.

■ Ébdbnt ctujlyziybv lytv. Vs vjétv ébnmnjkmrj ctujlyziybv lytv.

■ Öhfybnt dthe. Yt ecnfdfqnt vjkbnmcz.

■ Gkfxmnt, rjulf dfv gkfxtncz, gkfxmnt xfcnj, tckb dfv änj yeéyj. Yt cnfhfqntcm clthébdfnm cdjb xedcndf. Gjujdjhbnt c rtv-ybåelm. C lhepmzvb, c hjl-cndtyybrfvb, c uheggjq gjllthérb, c gcböjkjujv.Dct jyb vjuen gjvjxm dfv. Åtctls c rjycekmnfynjvgj ctvtqysv djghjcfv gjpdjkbkb vyt yfkflbnm jåotybt c vjbv veétv Létqvcjv. Ntgthm vs ujdj-hbv lheu c lheujv ujhfplj cdjåjlytt.

■ Yt jnxfbdfqntcm. Ljrnjhf pyfñn yt dct. Xeltcfgj-ghtéytve ckexfñncz. Gjxfot dcgjvbyfqnt änbckjdf.

■ Cgbnt cnjkmrj, crjkmrj yeéyj. Änj jxtym dféyjlkz dfituj leitdyjuj cgjrjqcndbz.

■ Åfkeqnt ctåz. Jnyjcbntcm r ctåt gj-jcjåjve. Kñlb gjcnjzyyj ndthlbkb vyt: ≤Pfåjnmcz njkmrj j htåtyrt≥. Ghböjlbkjcm djphféfnm bv: ≤F rfr ét z?≥.Yt pfåjnmntcm j htåtyrt c nfrbv hdtybtv, xnjås jytvtkf leif. Öjlbnt uekznm. Xbnfqnt rybub. Pfqvb-ntcm herjltkbtv. Buhfqnt yf ubnfht bkb nfyweqnt. Yfckfélfqntcm dctv, xnj ltkftn dfc jcjåsv xtkjdt-rjv.

■ Pfåelmnt j hfåjnt gj ljve. Åelmnt cj cdjbv htåtyrjv b yfckfélfqntcm bv. Ljvfiytt öjpzqcndjybrelf yt ltytncz.


YTYTCNFYLFCNFYLFHNYST VSCHNYST VSCKBKB

YTYTCNFYLFCNFYLFHNYHNYJJUJUJHHJJLBNLBNTTKZKZ

UTQ HJÅBY KÄÅHÄV


■ Gjvybnt, xnj yfcnjzott lhfujwtyyj. Htifqntghjåktvs gj vtht bö djpybryjdtybz b yt levfqnt jnjv, xnj vjétn ckexbnmcz d åeleotv. Yt cnfyjdbntcmhfåfvb lehfwrjuj djghjcf: ≤F xnj, tckb?≥. Vs vjétvébnm njkmrj ctujlyziybv lytv. Gjänjve kñåbntcdjtuj htåtyrf ctujlyz.

■ Ltqcndeqnt bynebnbdyj. D åjkmibycndt ckexftdhjlbntkb ghbybvfñn kexitt htitybt. Ghbckeib-dfqntcm r cdjtve dyenhtyytve ujkjce.

■ Cjöhfyzqnt xedcndj ñvjhf b nhtpdsq dpukzl yf dtob. Vs c Létqvcjv cjpyftv, xnj, tckb e yfc ytcnfylfhnysq htåtyjr, gjhjq djpybrfñn nhelyjc-nb, yj yfv yhfdbncz cnfdbnm vfibye yf cnjzyrt lkzbydfkbljd^

■ Jcnfdkzqnt dhtvz lkz njuj, xnjås gjåsnm yftlbyt c veétv (étyjq). Gjllthébdfqnt cdjq åhfr. Pfåjnmntcm j njv, xnjås jy åsk ltqcndtyysv b ghjxysv. Ghb nfrjv åhfrt dfv dct åeltn gj gktxe.

■ Frrehfnyj dtlbnt dct vtlbwbycrbt pfgbcb, drkñxfz vtlbwbycrbt ghjdthrb, cgbcrb ktrfhcnd byjvthf ntktajyjd jcyjdyjuj b dcgjvjufntkmyjujvtlbwbycrjuj gthcjyfkf. Dctulf åthbnt c cjåjq änbljrevtyns, rjulf jnghfdkztnt cdjtuj htåtyrf d åjkm-ybwe.

■ Pflfdfqnt dctv rfr vjéyj åjkmit djghjcjd. Ytgjpdjkzqnt pfgeubdfnm ctåz. Änj – dfi htåtyjr, b edfc tcnm ghfdj cghfibdfnm b pyfnm, xnj ghjbcöjlbn.

■ Yt chfdybdfqnt cdjtuj htåtyrf c lheubvb. Rfélsq htåtyjr eybrfkty. Tckb dfi htåtyjr ltkftnxnj-nj vtlktyytt lheujuj, d änjv ytn ybxtuj cnhf-iyjuj. Dct, xtuj elftncz ljåbnmcz dfitve htåtyre,gjhfpbntkmyj b eybrfkmyj, gjcrjkmre tve änj cnjbnujhfplj åjkmibö ecbkbq, xtv htåtyre åtp abpbxtc-rbö bkb evcndtyysö ytljcnfnrjd.

■ Yt dbybnt ctåz b yt cnslbntcm. Ujdjhbnt kñlzv,xnj e dfituj htåtyrf jcjåst gjnhtåyjcnb b yeéls.Ghjzdkzqnt nthgbvjcnm b jndtxfqnt yf djghjcs. Gjvjufqnt kñlzv gjyznm, xnj pyfxbn bvtnm abpbxtc-rbt bkb evcndtyyst ytljcnfnrb.

■ Bpexfqnt cdjtuj htåtyrf. Yfexbntcm dbltnm d ytvxtkjdtrf, f yt åjkmyjuj.

■ Ödfkbnt ctåz.

■ Dctulf yfltqntcm yf kexitt. D kñåsö jåcnjz-ntkmcndfö bobnt gjpbnbdyst vjvtyns.

■ Ybrjulf yt clfdfqntcm. Dfi htåtyjr åeltn ljcnb-ufnm ghtltkf cdjbö djpvjéyjcntq lj ntö gjh, gjrf dsyföjlbntcm hzljv c ybv, xnjås gjllthéfnm, jåjl-hbnm b dshfpbnm tve cdjñ kñåjdm.

■ Yt gjllfdfqntcm vhfxysv gthcgtrnbdfv, rjnj-hst vjuen hbcjdfnm gthtl dfvb dhfxb-gcböjkjub. Böpflfxf cjcnjbn d njv, xnjås lfdfnm dfv htrjvtylf-wbb, gjänjve åtctleqnt c ybvb. Ujdjhbnt bv, rfr dsctåz xedcndetnt, b jåüzcyzqnt bv cdjb cbkmyst b ckfåst cnjhjys. Rfélsq ltym ltkfqnt nj, xnj vjét-nt, b ödfkbnt ctåz pf nj, xnj dfv elfkjcm dsgjkybnm.Yt dbybnt ctåz, tckb e dfc xnj-nj yt gjkexbkjcm.

■ Byjulf ltkfqnt ghjcnj vbybvfkmyj ytjåöjlb-vjt. Dtlm ds vjétnt dsåbnmcz bp cbk bkb yföjlbnmczd cjcnjzybb cnhtccf. Njkmrj vbybvfkmyj ytjåöjlb-vjt b ybxtuj åjkmit. Rjulf z xedcndeñ leitdyeñgecnjne, dct, xnj z vjue ltkfnm, nfr änj pfåjnbnmcz jLéjief. Z yfexbkfcm yjhvfkmyj djcghbybvfnm nfrjtgjdtltybt. Dfv yt yeéyj åsnm cdthöxtkjdtrjv. Dsdctuj kbim xtkjdtr.

■ Xthgfqnt cbke bp dyenhtyytq cbks cdjtuj htåty-rf. Vjq csy Léjief – åjhtw. Jy yt ghjébk ås nfrljkuj, tckb ås d leit yt åsk åjhwjv. Jy – cbkmysqxtkjdtr, b vs yt clflbvcz.

■ Jåhfofqntcm cj cdjbv htåtyrjv nfr, rfr ds öjnbnt, xnjås jåhfofkbcm c dfvb. Njulf ds åeltntpyfnm, xnj cltkfkb dct jn dfc pfdbczott.

■ Hfleqntcm njve, xnj e dfc tcnm htåtyjr. Hfleqntcmnjve, xnj bvttnt.

■ Yfckfélfqntcm jcjåsvb vjvtynfvb. Cjplftnczythfphsdyfz cdzpm, rjnjhfz cj dhtvtytv cnfytn totghjxytt.


■ Åelmnt nthgtkbdsvb b ljåhsvb cj cdjbv htåty-rjv. Dfi htåtyjr yt dbyjdfn d njv, xnj jy bydfkbl.Yt gthtyjcbnt cdjt jnxfzybt yf ytuj bkb yf ytt.

■ Djcghbybvfqnt rhfcjne vbhf b ltkbntcm tñ cjcdjbv htåtyrjv. Yt lfqnt ctåt gjuhzpyenm d eöjlt pfhtåtyrjv lj nfrjq cntgtyb, xnjås pfåsnm jåj dctvjcnfkmyjv. Gjvybnt j vbht b cgjrjqcndbb, rjnjhsqvjéyj jåhtcnb, yfåkñlfz dtkbrjktgysq pfrfn cjky-wf, dlsöfz fhjvfn wdtnjd bkb xedcndez ghjökfle ljélz b eksåre ytpyfrjvwf.

■ Åelmnt cxfcnkbds. Cvbhbntcm c ntv, xnj dfifébpym yt åeltn gjöjéf yf ébpym lheubö, yj jn änjujjyf yt cnfytn vtytt pfvtxfntkmyjq, xtv e kñåjujlheujuj xtkjdtrf. Ébpym ghtlcnfdkztn cjåjq gentit-cndbt, cdjtuj hjlf ghbrkñxtybt, f yt ghjcnjt ldbét-ybt r rfrjve-nj rjytxyjve geyrne b ljcnbétybt tuj.B njkmrj jn dfc pfdbcbn, rfrjq jyf åeltn. Yfexbntcmjnyjcbnmcz r ghjåktvfv dfituj htåtyrf rfr r ght-gzncndbzv, rjnjhst ytjåöjlbvj ghtjljktnm, f r tujébpyb rfr r åtue c åfhmthfvb, rjnjhst ds gjvjétnttve gthtghsuyenm.

Yfv tot ghtlcnjbn ghjébnm dvtcnt c Léjief wtkeñ ébpym. Jy jxtym cxfcnkbdsq vfkmxbr, rfélsqltym ljåbdfñobqcz yjdsö ecgtöjd. Ébpym yt dctulfåeltn kçurjq, yj jyf yt lfcn dfv crexfnm. Vs jnghfd-kztvcz c yfibv csyjv d edktrfntkmyjt gentitcndbt,b yfv änj jxtym yhfdbncz.

Z ljdjkmyf. Z cxfcnkbdf. Z ytcnfylfhnysq hjlb-ntkm. ■

Yfcnjzofz cnfnmz djcghjbpdtltyf cj cgtwbfkmyj-

uj hfphtitybz ≤Ärctgiäyk gähäyn≥, tétvtczxyjuj

éehyfkf, bplfdftvjuj lkz hjlbntktq ltntq-bydf-

kbljd, d rjnjhjv jåceélfñncz ghjåktvs d jrfpf-

ybb bv cgtwbfkmyjq vtlbwbycrjq gjvjob b lheubö

eckeu. Änf cnfnmz dgthdst gjzdbkfcm d 2000 u.

d bñkmcrjv yjvtht egjvzyenjuj éehyfkf, cnh.

22–23. Wtyf ujljdjq gjlgbcrb yf 12 yjvthjd

änjuj éehyfkf $39,95. Gjlgbcrf ghjbpdjlbncz gj

ntktajye: 1-877-372-7368. Jabc éehyfkf hfcgj-

kjéty gj flhtce: 555 Kinderkamack Rd., Oradell, NJ 07649, USA.

Dhtvz jn dhtvtyb, rjulf z egjvbyfñ, xnj vsbpexftv vytybz ltntq j cdjbö hfåjnfñoböhjlbntkzö, ytbpvtyyj cghfibdfñn: ≤Bynt-htcyj, f xnj crfpfkb ås vjb ltnb?≥

Öjnz vyjubt bp yfc, djpvjéyj, yt cghfibdfkb cdjbö cjåcndtyysö ltntq, vs ujnjds ckeifnm. Ljkubtujls pfybvfzcm djghjcfvb hfåjns b ctvtqyjq ébp-yb, z yfåkñlfñ, rfr vtyztncz yfi gjlöjl r gjpyf-ybñ cjwbfkmysö bpvtytybq. D jghtltktyyjt dhtvzjåotcndj ujnjdj pfybvfnmcz jghtltktyysvb ghjåkt-vfvb, nj tcnm crjhtt jlybvb, xtv lheubvb ghjåktvf-vb. Z cxbnfñ, vs ujnjds ckeifnm njulf, rjulf ghbikjlkz änjuj dhtvz. B, xnj åjktt dféyj, vs ujnjds cke-ifnm, nfr rfr yfv ltqcndbntkmyj yeéyj pyfnm.

Pf gjcktlybt 30 ktn yfif gjpbwbz gj djghjce jnjv, cktletn kb vfnthzv hfåjnfnm, bpvtybkfcm. Ghb-xbyf änjuj – ghjöjlzofz d Cjtlbytyysö Infnfö jåotyfwbjyfkmyfz lbcreccbz j hjkb vfnthtq b jnwjd yf hfåjnt b d ctvtqyjq ébpyb. Gjlrkñxtybt rytve ltntq b dsckeibdfybz bö vytybz j cdjbö hfåj-nfñobö hjlbntkzö zdkztncz kjubxysv cktleñobvifujv d änjv lbfkjut.

Gjxtve z yfpsdfñ änj lbcreccbtq? Gjnjve xnj gjceotcnde hfpujdjh j vtyzñoböcz hjkzö veéxby bétyoby ghjöjlbn geåkbxyj. Ghjbcöjlbn rfrjt-njcjåsnbt, dspsdfñott ghjnbdjhtxbdst ceéltybz, rfrjt-nj nhfubxtcrjt cjåsnbt – crfétv, ckexfqysqfrn yfcbkbz – geåkbretncz bccktljdfybt, htpekmnfnsrjnjhjuj ytjlyjpyfxys, celtåysq ghjwtcc, ljrevty-nfkmysq ntktdbpbjyysq abkmv yf jcnheñ ntve – ytbpvtyyj dct änj ghbdktrftn dybvfybt jåotcndty-yjcnb, gjnjve xnj dsdjlbn yf gthtlybq gkfy djghjc,gj rjnjhjve pfxfcneñ e yfc ytn tlbyjuj vytybz bvs vjétv cthmtpyj hfcöjlbnmcz d jwtyrfö. Änjn djghjc åeltn ibhjrj jåceélfnmcz ljvf, yf hfåjnt byf ljceut. Nj, xnj vs cjtlbyztv hjlbntktq b ltntq,

gjpdjkztn dsqnb pf ghtltks eghjotyyjq xthyj-åtkjq jwtyrb ghjbcöjlzotuj.

NNTTRREEOOBBTT LLTTÅÅFFNNSS

Öjhjij bkb gkjöj lkz ltntq, tckb vfnm hfåjnftn?Vjuen kb vfnthb, rjnjhst hfåjnfñn, bvtnm cnjkm étgjkyjwtyyst jnyjitybz cj cdjbvb ltnmvb, rfr bvfnthb, rjnjhst dct dhtvz yföjlzncz ljvf dvtcnt cybvb? D öjlt yfituj bccktljdfybz, htpekmnfns rjnj-hjuj cjåhfys d rybut ≤Cghjcbnt ltntq≥, vs pflfdfkbdjghjc hfåjnfñobv hjlbntkzv, cjukfcys kb jyb cendthéltybtv: ≤E vfnthb, rjnjhfz hfåjnftn, vjuenåsnm cnjkm ét öjhjibt jnyjitybz c tt ltnmvb, rfr b e vfnthb, rjnjhfz yt hfåjnftn≥. D wtkjv 76 ghjwty-njd hfåjnfñobö hjlbntktq cjukfcbkbcm c änbv ≤gjkyjcnmñ≥ bkb ≤xfcnbxyj≥.

Bp jcnfkmysö 24 ghjwtynjd jnws ujhfplj åjkmitcrkjyys yt cjukfifnmcz, xtv vfnthb, d xfcnyjcnb, dctvmzö, ult hfåjnftn njkmrj jlby xtkjdtr. D ctvmzö c ldevz hfåjnfñobvb hjlbntkzvb yt åskj jnvtxtyjhfcöjéltybq vtéle jnwfvb b vfnthzvb d jnyjitybbänjuj endthéltybz. Xnj rfcftncz hfåjnfñobö vfnt-htq, rjnjhst zdkzñncz tlbycndtyysvb hjlbntkzvb,yt elbdbntkmyj, xnj 90 ghjwtynjd gjllthébdfñn änjpfzdktybt.

Cnfåbkmysq hjcn xbckf ntö, rnj cxbnftn, xnj hfåj-nfñobt vfnthb vjuen bvtnm cnjkm ét ghjxyst cdzpbcj cdjbvb ltnmvb, rfr b vfnthb, cblzobt ljvf, d pyf-xbntkmyjq vtht jåüzcyztncz gjcntgtyysvb cjwbfkm-yj-rekmnehysvb gthtvtyfvb, rjnjhst ghjbcöjlzngj vtht njuj, rfr hfcntn xbckj hfåjnfñobö étyobyb ctvmb cnfyjdzncz dct åjktt pfdbcbvsvb jn dnjhjujbcnjxybrf ljöjlf.

≤Z yfåkñlfñ pf hfpdbnbtv cdjtq ljxthb b cxbnfñ,xnj d pyfxbntkmyjq cntgtyb jyj cdzpfyj c vjbv cj-


YYJJDDSQ FCSQ FCGGTTRRN LBN LBCCRERECCBBCCBB

J HFÅJNJ HFÅJNT B LTNZÖT B LTNZÖÄKKTY UFKBYCRB


åcndtyysv hfpdbnbtv, – jnvtnbkf jlyf hfåjnfñofzvfnm. – B dj vyjujv änj hfpdbnbt jåüzcyztncz ntv,xnj vjz ébpym hfcibhbkfcm d htpekmnfnt hfåjns.Djpvjéyj, e vtyz åskb ås lheubt bynthtcs, ... tckbås z yt hfåjnfkf, ... jlyfrj gjkfufñ, xnj z åjkmitghbjåhtkf b cvjukf åjkmit lfnm tq d htpekmnfnt jåhtntybz nfrjuj jåütvf ytpfdbcbvjcnb d cdjtq cjåcndtyyjq ébpyb≥.

≤Z cxbnfñ, xnj vjéyj åsnm jlbyfrjdj öjhjibvhjlbntktv, hfåjnfz bkb jcnfdfzcm ljvf, – dscrfpfkghtlgjkjétybt lheufz vfnm. – Änj pfdbcbn b jn ghj-bcöjéltybz, b jn yfdsrjd≥.

Bccktljdfntkb cnjkryekbcm cj ckexfzvb, rjulf pfyznjcnm vfnthb yf hfåjnt jrfpfkf ytufnbdyjt dkbzybt yf tt jnyjitybzö cj cdjbv htåtyrjv. Jlyfrj änj ghjbcöjlbkj d ntö ckexfzö, rjulf ltnbyföjlbkbcm d gkjöbö ltncrbö exhtéltybzö, åskb nfvljkmit njuj dhtvtyb, rjnjhjt cxbnftncz vbybvfkm-ysv, bkb bcgsnsdfkb ckbirjv xfcnst bpvtytybz htébvf.

Yj erfpfyyst yñfycs, gjöjét, yt ekfdkbdfkbcm ntvb, rnj hfccvfnhbdfk pfyznjcnm vfnthtq yf hfåjntgj ghbywbge ≤bkb-bkb≥. Ytrjnjhst cnfdbkb gjl cjvytybt gjpbwbñ étyoby, rjnjhst ghtlgjxbnfñnjcnfdfnmcz ljvf. Tckb hfåjnf yt dhtlbn ltnzv, nj rfrvjéyj jghfdlfnm nj, xnj kñlb yt hfåjnfñn? Vfnthb,cblzobt ljvf, pfzdkzñn, xnj jyb pyfñn, xnj bö gj-cnjzyyjt ghbcencndbt ljvf bltn yf åkfuj bö ltnzv, b,rfr ghfdbkj, jyb ghfds. Ghfds nfrét b vfnthb, rjnj-hst ujdjhzn, xnj bö hfåjnf jrfpfkfcm gjktpyjq lkzbö ltntq. D jcyjdyjv ecgtö bkb ytelfxf jlyjuj gjl-öjlf gj chfdytybñ c lheubv pfdbcbn jn cfvbö kñltqb jåcnjzntkmcnd bö ébpyb. Nj, xnj dthyj lkz jlyjujxtkjdtrf, vjétn yt jrfpfnmcz nfrjdsv lkz lheujuj. Frfxtcndj eöjlf pf htåtyrjv b tuj rjyrhtnysq jgsntot lfktrj yt jghtltkzñn jåobq htpekmnfn.

Vs ghtlkjébkb lheujq djghjc: ≤Yt kexit kb lkzdctö pfbynthtcjdfyysö kbw, xnjås veéxbyf pfhfåf-nsdfk ltymub, f étyobyf jcnfdfkfcm ljvf b eöfébdf-kf pf ltnmvb?≥. Gznmltczn jlby ghjwtyn jghjityysöhfåjnfñobö hjlbntktq cjukfcbkbcm c änbv ≤gjkyj-cnmñ≥ bkb ≤xfcnbxyj≥. B jgznm ét hfåjnfñobt jnwsåskb åjkmit crkjyys cjukfifnmcz, xtv hfåjnfñobtvfnthb, ghbxtv hfcöjéltybz yfåkñlfkbcm d ctvmzöyt c ldevz hfåjnfñobvb hjlbntkzvb, f c hfåjnfñ-obvb jnwfvb, xmb cegheub jcnfdfkbcm ljvf.

Bynthtcyj, gjxtve cnjkm vjoyfz gjllthérf nhf-lbwbjyyjq ctvmb ceotcndetn d nj dhtvz, rjulf dct

vtymit ctvtq cktleñn gj nfrjve genb? Chtlb jnwjd,döjlzobö d cjcnfd hfåjxtq cbks, ghjwtyn ntö, rnjbvttn hfåjnfñobö éty, dshjc c 49 ghjwtynjd d 1977ujle lj 67 ghjwtynjd 30 ujlfvb gjpét.

Gjkfufñ, xnj dpukzls hfåjnfñobö hjlbntktqckjéys b jyb yt cdjlzncz r dpukzlfv ntö, rnj ujnjdjwtybnm dsdjls bccktljdfybz rfr ghbpsd r hfåjnfñ-obv vfnthzv eqnb c hfåjns b dthyenmcz ljvjq. Yfcfvjv ltkt åjktt ctvb bp rfélsö 10 hfåjnfñobö vfnthtq b jnwjd cjukfcys c ntv, xnj åskj ås öjhj-ij, tckb ås étyobyf pfybvfkfcm öjpzqcndjv, f veé-xbyf åsk rjhvbkmwtv. D rjytxyjv cxtnt åjkmibycn-dj hfåjnfñobö hjlbntktq yt gjjohztn b yt jndthuf-tn nhflbwbjyyeñ cnhernehe ctvmb; jyb ghjcnj pfhf-åfnsdfñn yf åjktt rjvajhnfåtkmyeñ ébpym.

DDSSQQNNBB PPFF GGHHTTLLTTKKSS GGHHBBYYWWBBGGFF ≤≤BBKKBB––BBKKBB≥≥

Lj cbö gjh nthvbyjkjubz, rjnjheñ vs bcgjkmpjdfkblkz jgbcfybz hfåjns b ctvtqyjq ébpyb, jnhféfkfghbywbg ≤bkb–bkb≥, jcyjdfyysq yf njv, xnj hfåjnfb ctvmz zdkzñncz jnltkmysvb b ytgthtctrfñobvbczvbhfvb. Änj ytjåöjlbvj bpvtybnm. Rfr gbcfkf d1997 ujle ghjatccjh Eybdthcbntnf Åhfylfqcf Hjpf-kbylf Åfhytnn, vs ljkéys eqnb jn rjywtgwbb dpf-bvjbcrkñxfñobö cath ltzntkmyjcnb r gjybvfybñnjuj, xnj hfåjnf b ctvmz ythfphsdyj cdzpfys b xnjyf cfvjv ltkt vyjujjåhfpyst hjkb, rjnjhst ghböj-lbncz bcgjkyznm cjdhtvtyysv hjlbntkzv, vjuen bögbnfnm, f yt bcnjofnm.

Njn ét ytghfdbkmysq gjlöjl gj ghbywbge ≤bkb–bkb≥ yfåkñlftncz b ghb fyfkbpt åfkfycf hfåjns bctvmb. Åfkfycbhjdfybt fccjwbbhetncz c xfifvb dtcjd: tckb jlyf cnjhjyf jrfpsdftncz ddthöe, nj lhe-ufz ljkéyf jgecnbnmcz. Wtkm, rfrjq tt jåsxyj dblznhfåjnfñobt hjlbntkb, pfrkñxftncz d elthéfybb dhfdyjdtcbb jåtbö cnjhjy. Öjnz bltz åfkfycf dthyf dnjv, xnj hfåjnf b ctvmz hfccvfnhbdfñncz jlbyfrjdjdféysvb, bö dpfbvjcdzpm bvttn åjktt lbyfvbxysqöfhfrnth, xtv ghjcnjq åfkfyc. Jåt xfib dtcjd vjuenjrfpfnmcz cdthöe bkb cybpe. Xnj jrfpsdftncz öjhjijlkz jlyjuj xtkjdtrf, yt jåzpfntkmyj jrfétncz öjhj-ibv lkz lheujuj.

B, yfrjytw, ceotcndetn rjywtgwbz rfxtcndtyyjujdhtvtyb, ghjnbdjgjcnfdktyyjuj rjkbxtcndtyyjvedhtvtyb. Jyf gjlhfpevtdftn, xnj jyb bcrkñxfñn lheulheuf. Vs ét jåyfheébkb, xnj ytkmpz jnltkbnm rjkb-xtcndj dhtvtyb jn njuj, xnj ghjbcöjlbn d änj dhtvz.


Gjänjve vs ljkéys cltkfnm cktleñobq ifu: cghjcbnm cfvbö ltntq. Ghb änjv vs yt njkmrj gjke-xftv djpvjéyjcnm edbltnm nj, xnj vs ltkftv, d yjdjvcdtnt; vs nfrét nhfycajhvbhetv cfv cgjh. Gjujdj-hbd c hjlbntkzvb gj dctq cnhfyt z ghbikf r dsdjle,xnj vs ljkéys dsckeifnm ltntq. Änj gjvjétn yfvcjcnfdbnm åjktt njxyjt b åjktt jcyjdfntkmyjt vyt-ybt gj lfyyjve djghjce. ■

Äkkty Ufkbycrb – fdnjh 20 bccktljdfybq,

drkñxfz rybue ≤Cghjcbnt ltntq: rfr ecgtiyj

ltkfnm rfhmthe b jcnfdfnmcz öjhjibvb hjlbnt-

kzvb≥ (≤Rdbkk≥, 2000 ujl), bp rjnjhjuj dpznf

yfcnjzofz cnfnmz.

Nbaafyb Lfybw, jåjphtdfntkm dtå-ckeéås

yjdjcntq “stateline.org”, hbcetn gjhnhtn

cjdhtvtyyjq fvthbrfycrjq ctvmb, cjplfyysq

jåobvb ecbkbzvb ltntq b dphjcksö

CCSSYY GGHHJJGGJJDDTTLLYYBBRRFF

Rhbc Öäqyb, 17 ktn, ébdtn d Xfhkjnnt, in. CtdthyfzRfhjkbyf. Tuj jntw Leu – vepsrfyn b cdzotyybr dåfgnbcncrjq wthrdb, f vfnm Kjhb hfåjnftn d ltncrjvcfle. Jy ébdtn dvtcnt c hjlbntkzvb, rjnjhsv ghb-vthyj gj 40 ktn, b 14-ktnytq ctcnhjq.

≤Exbnsdfz, rfr vyjuj z pyfñ kñltq, rjnjhst hfpdt-kbcm, bkb hjlbntkb rjnjhsö hfpdtkbcm, cnhfyyj, xnjvjb hjlbntkb lfét htlrj ccjhzncz. Z cxfcnkbd; vjbhjlbntkb gjxnb bltfkmys b njét jxtym b jxtym cxfc-nkbds. Z dbée, rfr jyb gjliexbdfñn lheu yfl lheujv,xfot cvtñncz, xtv ccjhzncz. Z yt xfcnj yfl änbv pf-levsdfñcm, yj rfélsq hfp, rjulf z änj ltkfñ, nj öjxe,xnjås xnj-nj dhjlt njq ébpyb, rfrjq z ébde ctqxfc,ghjljkéfkfcm b lfkmit≥, – ujdjhbn jy, bvtz d dblecdjt åeleott.

Ltnb ghjgjdtlybrjd gjkmpeñncz htgenfwbtq yt-crjkmrj ≤lbrjdfnsö≥, yj Rhbc ujdjhbn, xnj e ytuj ytn ytjåöjlbvjcnb xnj-nj djphféfnm yf änj. ≤Z tlby-cndtyysq gfhtym, rnj öjlbn c rjkmwfvb d eifö d wthrdb, b z tlbycndtyysq gfhtym, rjnjhsq ujdjhbn jnjv, xnj öjxtn nfnebhjdre. B z djdct ytgkjöjq. Z njn,gjcvjnhtd yf rjnjhjuj, rnj-nj vjétn gjlevfnm: ≤J,Åjét^≥, yj tckb kñlb cj vyjq gjujdjhzn, nj edblzn,xnj z nfrjq ét, rfr kñåjq lheujq gfhtym≥.

Rhbc ljåfdkztn, xnj ytcjvytyyj, htkbubz lkz ytujdféyf bp-pf hjlbntktq: ≤Nfr vtyz dshfcnbkb≥. Ghjcdjtuj jnwf Rhbc ujdjhbn: ≤Z njkmrj ctqxfc yfxfk gjybvfnm, xnj jy ltqcndbntkmyj öjhji dj dctv, xnj ltkftn, b z d jåotv tuj edféfñ. Yfv c jnwjv yfcfvjv ltkt pljhjdj, rjulf vs dvtcnt≥.

JJNNTTWW--JJLLBBYYJJXXRRFF:: DDCCTT,, XXNNJJ EE NNTTÅÅZZ TTCCNNMM,, ÄÄNNJJ NNSS CCFFVV

Jåsxysq ltym Léjyf Vfrräckbyf, 43 ktn, hfpdtlty-yjuj jnwf-jlbyjxrb 12-ktnytq ljxthb Rthhb, ébde-otuj d ctdthyjq Dbhlébybb, gthtgjkyty ltkfvb.

Vfrräckby b Rthhb dcnfñn hfyj b pfdnhfrfñn, fgjnjv jy jndjpbn tt d irjke. Gjckt änjuj jy tltn, gthtctrfz htre Gjnjvfr, yf Rfgbnjkbqcrbq öjkv bkbd Åtksq ljv, xnjås cjåhfnm vfnthbfk lkz cdjtq rj-kjyrb d ufptnt ≤Dfibyunjy Nfqvc≥. Gjckt dctö ltk jydjpdhfoftncz d Dbhlébybñ, xnjås pfåhfnm ljxm bpirjks.

≤Pf ctvm ktn z yb hfpe yt pfåsk tt pfåhfnm d 3 xfcflyz. Vyt gjdtpkj. Crjkmrj hjlbntktq vjuen änj crf-pfnm?≥

D hfcgjhzlrt lyz tuj ljxthb – kfrhjcc, rfhfnt,aenåjk bkb åfcrtnåjk. ≤Jåzpfntkmyj xnj-nj åsdftngjckt irjks ldf bkb nhb lyz d ytltkñ, yt ujdjhz jldeö bkb nhtö xfcfö, rjnjhst yflj gjnhfnbnm yf dsgjkytybt ljvfiybö pflfybq≥, – jnvtxftn Vfr-räckby.

Jy vyjuj ujnjdbn. Gfhe hfp d ytltkñ jyb relf-yb-åelm dsåbhfñncz yf jåtl. Dvtcnt c ntv jy yt cxbnftnctåz b vfnthmñ, b jnwjv. ≤Yt levfñ, xnj rnj-nj cvj-étn rjulf-kbåj pfvtybnm≥ vfnm, cjukfiftncz jy. ≤Jlyfrj vfnthzv b jnwfv yeéyj gjyznm, xnj dsgjk-yztvst vyjq aeyrwbb zdkzñncz aeyrwbzvb hjlb-ntkz, f yt kbåj vfnthb, kbåj jnwf, – jcjåtyyj d yfi dtr≥.

B dct ét Vfrräckby gjlxthrbdftn, xnj xedcndetnctåz jcjåtyysv, djcgbnsdfz ljxm d jlbyjxre.

≤D irjkt vyjuj vfnthtq cxbnfñn cnhfyysv nj, xnj z yt étybkcz cyjdf. Jlyfrj z xedcndeñ, xnj yt ujnjd r änjve≥, – gjzcyztn jy.

Dsujls ubårjuj uhfabrf hfåjns jxtdblys, ghj-ljkéftn Léjy.

≤Jlyf bp ybö – änj djpvjéyjcnm åsnm c htåtyrjv,yj, rhjvt njuj, änj djpvjéyjcnm åsnm c ybv åjkmit,


UJKUJKJCFJCFFVTFVTHBRHBR FYCFYCRRBBÖ CTVTQÖ CTVTQ

NBAAFYB LFYBW


xtv änj ckexftncz e kñåjuj lheujuj jnwf, – yt ujdjhzeét j kñådb, rjnjheñ gjkexftim d jndtn. Änj djcöb-nbntkmyj. C lheujq cnjhjys, vs yt zdkztvcz gjkyjqctvmtq. Z, rjytxyj, cnjhjyybr nbgbxyjq aeyrwbj-yfkmyjq ctvmb. Gjkfufñ, xnj d vjtq cbnefwbb cnfhj-vjlyfz ctvmz dsukzlbn yttcntcndtyyjq. Änj ytljcnf-njr – yt cnjkmrj lkz vtyz, crjkmrj lkz ytt≥. B dct ét,jnvtxftn jy, relf ås jy yb gjitk, dtplt cksibn gj-ödfks jn kñltq, c rjnjhsvb jyf jåoftncz. ≤Rfrfz gjnhzcfñot ufhvjybxyfz kbxyjcnm≥, – ujdjhzn jyb≥.Lfét hjlbntkb tuj åsditq étys elbdkzñncz, rfr dctöjhjij gjkexftncz gjrf.

Ntv yt vtytt jy ctåz yt ödfkbn.≤Vyt gjdtpkj. Z gjybvfñ, yfcrjkmrj nhelyj lkz

kñåjuj htåtyrf ghjqnb xthtp nfrjt. Yj vyt gjcxfc-nkbdbkjcm. E yfc tcnm jnrhsnsq rfyfk jåotybz, b zcnfhfñcm rfr vjéyj åjkmit ckeifnm tt b djcghbyb-vfnm nj, xnj jyf ujdjhbn≥.

YYTTKKTTUURRJJ ÅÅSSNNMM VVFFXXTTÖÖJJQQ

Léby-Äyy Regth, 46 ktn, ébdtn d Lfkkfct, in. Ntöfc,vfxtöf.

Jyf dcgjvbyftn, xnj gthdjq tt ghjåktvjq d änjqhjkb åskj ghtjljktybt cnhföf, ≤rfrjuj-nj ukeåbyyj-uj cnhföf. Lfét ytcvjnhz yf nj, xnj bö vfnm cyjdf dsikf pfveé, ltnb yt öjntkb, xnjås bö jntw cyjdfétybkcz≥.

Öjnz Léby-Äyy ctqxfc pfveétv pf Åjåjv Regthjv,50 ktn, e rjnjhjuj tcnm nhjt ltntq d djphfcnt 19–24ktn. Jyf dshjckf d nhflbwbjyyjq ctvmt c ldevz åhf-nmzvb b hjlbntkzvb, rjnjhst ghjébkb dvtcnt ctqxfceét 56 ktn.

Gj ckjdfv Regth, jyf åjzkfcm, xnj yt gjyhfdbnczltnzv Åjåf.

≤Bö åskj nhjt ghjnbd jlyjq vtyz^ Djn änj gtht-dtc^ Z nfrét åjzkfcm, xnj Åjåe yt gjyhfdbncz, rfrjq zcvjue åsnm vfxtöjq. Lkz vtyz cfvfz åjkmifz ghjåkt-vf – änj åsnm hjlbntktv, yt hjlbd cfvjq. D cbnefwbbc ythjlysv hjlbntktv ytkmpz cjvytdfnmcz d njv, xnjrhjdyst jnyjitybz – änj jxtym cbkmyfz htfkmyjcnm.Z ytkturbv gentv gjyzkf, xnj lfét rjulf vjq veéåsdftn hfccthéty yf cdjbö ltntq b yfvthtdftncz böghbcnheybnm, vyt ybrjulf yt cktletn dckeö cjukf-ifnmcz c ybv. Lkz ehtuekbhjdfybz cbnefwbb kexitghjcnj ckeifnm b gjllthébdfnm tuj htitybz.

≤Vjq jgsn yfexbk vtyz, xnj yfcnjzotve hjlbntkñnhelyj gjyznm, gjxtve ythjlyjq hjlbntkm yt kñåbn

ltntq nfr ét, rfr jy. Änj yt pyfxbn, xnj z yt kñåkñcdjbö ythjlysö ltntq. Z åtp evf jn ybö b yt pyfñ,vjue kb z kñåbnm bö åjkmit, xtv kñåkñ. Ltkj ghjcnjd njv, xnj ybxnj yt pfvtybn hjéltybz ltntq. Dyt pfdbcbvjcnb jn njuj, crjkmrj dhtvtyb z c ybvb ghj-djée bkb rfr xfcnj z ujdjhñ bv, xnj kñåkñ bö, zpyfñ, xnj Åjå öjxtn, xnjås z kñåbkf bö tot åjkmit.Gjänjve z cxbnfñ, xnj ybrjulf yt cvjue kñåbnm bönfr, rfr jy≥.

Jlyfrj Regth kñåbn cdjñ ctvtqyeñ ébpym.≤Nj, xnj z vfxtöf rfélsq ltym, bpj lyz d ltym, jåj-

ufnbkj vjñ ébpym nfr, rfr z lfét b yt vtxnfkf. Vytyhfdbncz ghbybvfnm frnbdyjt exfcnbt d bö ébpyb.Vyt yhfdbncz åjktnm pf ybö yf ntyybcysö vfnxfö,jndjpbnm bö d irjke, gtxm bv njhns yf lyb hjéltybz– lfét jndjlbnm bö d cel, tckb jyb yfheibkb ghfdbkfekbxyjuj ldbétybz ghb djéltybb^ B vyt yhfdbncz,xnj rjulf jyb d irjkt, r yfv vjuen pfqnb bö lhepmz,xnjås ghjcnj gjcvjnhtnm yf Åjåf b vtyz. Änj nfrpljhjdj, rjulf pyftim, xnj lhepmz ltntq b ndjb lhe-pmz. Änj gjlndthéltybt njuj, xnj vs xnj-nj cltkfkbghfdbkmyj≥.

≤Djpvjéyj, bp-pf njuj, xnj e yfc ctvmz c vfxtöjq,åjkmijq ghjwtyn yfibö åkbprbö lheptq – änj nt, rnjébdtn d nfrbö ét ctvmzö. Tcntcndtyyj, xnj ébpym d ctvmt c jnxbvjv bkb vfxtöjq cjghzétyf c nhelyjc-nzvb lkz rféljuj tt xktyf. Yj gj rhfqytq vtht e vtyz tcnm vyjuj åkbprbö gjlheu, rjnjhst njét vfxt-öb. C ybvb z vjue gjujdjhbnm, rjulf jrfpsdfñcm gthtl ythfphtibvjq ghjåktvjq^≥

YYFFTTLLBBYYTT LLHHEEUU CC LLHHEEUUJJVV

Äkby Hjcc b Vfqrk Jkcjy bp Ahtlthbrf, in. Vähb-ktyl, gjétybkbcm 10 ktn yfpfl, rjulf tq åsk 21 ujl, ftve 23. Jyb ghtlgjxkb yt bvtnm ltntq. Hjcc ujdjhbn,xnj bö cnbkm ébpyb gjpdjkztn bv gjufifnm ccels yfjåextybt d rjkktlét, åjkmit pfybvfnmcz ljåhjdjkm-xtcrjq ltzntkmyjcnmñ b gentitcndjdfnm.

Hjcc dcgjvbyftn, xnj ytlfdyj ckeifkf hflbjghju-hfvve j åtpltnysö gfhfö. ≤R cjéfktybñ, vyjubt bpybö dscnegfkb rfr djbycndeñobt ltnjytyfdbcnybrb,xnj vtyz jpflfxbkj, nfr rfr, gj vjtve vytybñ, åjkm-ibycndj kñltq, e rjuj ytn ltntq, cjdctv yt nfrbt.Gjkfufñ, xnj d cdjtq ébpyb jyb ghjcnj cjpyfntkmyjhtibkb cjchtljnjxbnmcz yf lheubö dtofö. Hjlbntkm-cndj – änj åjkmifz jndtncndtyyjcnm b åjkmifzdkfcnm. Z yt edthtyf, xnj cvjukf ås xedcndjdfnm ctåz


yjhvfkmyj, jåkflfq z nfrbv vjoysv rjynhjktv yflxtkjdtrjv≥.

VVFFKKFFZZ ((YYEERRKKTTFFHHYYFFZZ)) BB GGHHJJÅÅKKTTVVYYFFZZ CCTTVVMMZZ

Nthhb Ebnyb, 38 ktn, uhepxbr d rjvgfybb ≤ÑyfqntlGfhctk Cthdbc≥ bp Ltydthf, in. Rjkjhflj, nfr ajhve-kbhetn jåoeñ lbktvve, cnjzoeñ gthtl vfksvb ct-vmzvb:

≤Dtkbxfqifz yfif ghjåktvf pfrkñxftncz d njv,rfr yfqnb ljcnfnjxyj dhtvtyb lkz njuj, xnjås ghj-dtcnb tuj c ctvmtq, c extnjv rjyrehtywbb yf hfåjnt,ytjåöjlbvjcnb hfåjns gj vtcne ébntkmcndf b lj-åhjdjkmxtcrjq ltzntkmyjcnb. Rhjvt njuj, ghjåktvjqzdkztncz eét cfvj hjlbntkmcndj d cjdhtvtyyjv vbht c extnjv cnjbvjcnb ghjlernjd gbnfybz, ltncrböexhtéltybq, äythubb b jltéls≥.

ÉÉBBPPYYMM CC HHTTÅÅTTYYRRJJVV,, ÅÅJJKKMMYYSSVV FFEENNBBPPVVJJVV

Häxtk Åhtyyth, 11 ktn, b tt ctvbktnybq åhfn Ljd hfccrfpsdfñn j njv, xnj pyfxbn ébnm c bö cnfhibvåhfnjv Vfqrkjv, 12 ktn, rjnjhsq åjkty fenbpvjv.(Fenbpv ghtlcnfdkztn cjåjq gcböbxtcrjt yfheitybt,ghb rjnjhjv juhfybxtyf cgjcjåyjcnm rjvveybrf-wbb; kñlb, cnhflfñobt änbv pfåjktdfybtv, xfcnjghjzdkzñn bcrkñxbntkmysq nfkfyn bkb eybrfkmystcgjcjåyjcnb d rfrbö-nj jnltkmysö jåkfcnzö.)

≤Byjulf åsdftn nhelyj, rjulf yf ytuj yföjlbn ≤tuj≥yfcnhjtybt b jy dsdjlbn dfc bp ctåz, – ujdjhbn Hä-xtk. – Jlyfrj jy jåkflftn nfkfynjv, rjnjhsq dctöelbdkztn, nfr xnj ébnm c ybv ytvyjuj cnhfyyj, yjbynthtcyj≥.

Rjulf lhepmz Häxtk ghböjlzn r ytq ljvjq – jyfébdtn d infnt Ymñ-Qjhr – Vfqrk jåsxyj, gj tt ckjdfv, ≤yfxbyftn ödfkbnmcz. Cflbncz pf gbfybyj bbuhftn åtp yjn bkb tot xnj-ybåelm nfrjt ltkftn≥.

Ltnb dvtcnt buhfñn d dbltjbuhs, öjlzn d rbyj bkbåjekbyu. Jlyfrj Ljd jnvtxftn, xnj tckb cvjnhtnm nt-ktdbpjh dvtcnt c tuj åhfnjv, vjéyj dsqnb bp ctåz.

≤Byjulf jy gthtrkñxftn rfyfks, yt jåhfofz yb yfrjuj dybvfybz. Z ujdjhñ tve, xnjås jy gthtrkñxbkjåhfnyj, yj jy yt ckeiftn. Byjulf, rjulf z cgkñdvtcnt c ybv d jlyjq rjvyfnt b jy hfpujdfhbdftn, zghjie tuj jcnfyjdbnmcz, yj jy yt gthtcnftn≥.

Vfnm Ljdf Cntafyb Åhtyyth gjybvftn tuj hfplhf-étybt. Tckb Ljd öjnm yf vbyene dcnfytn bp-pf rjv-

gmñnthf, Vfqrk vjétn gjljqnb b dspdfnm lheueñghjuhfvve, b änj åtcbn Ljdf. Dct änj jckjéyztnébpym ctvmb, ult tcnm htåtyjr, åjkmyjq fenbpvjv, ljåfdkztn jyf.

Ntv yt vtytt ltnb dct tot ghjzdkzñn pljhjdeñ ljpe ltncrjq htdyjcnb b pfntdfñn cnsxrb, nbgbxystlkz ≤yjhvfkmysö≥ ctvtq. Ythtlrj Ljd pfzdkztn, xnjyt kflbn cj cdjtq ctcnhjq, jnvtxfz, xnj ≤vyt åsdftnktuxt gjkflbnm c Vfqrkjv≥. F Häxtk ghbpyftn, xnjbyjulf jyf jxtym öjxtn njuj ét dybvfybz, rjnjhjtgjkexfñn tt åhfnmz.

≤Z öjhjij execm d irjkt, – gjzcyztn jyf. – Vjbvhjlbntkzv ybrjulf yt yeéyj vyt gjvjufnm. RjulfLjd gjitk d irjke, jyb ljkéys åskb tve gjvjufnm.Vfqrke yeéyj rfélsq ltym gjvjufnm, rjulf jy ltkftnljvfiytt pflfybt. Tckb ét gjvjom nhtåetncz vyt, zljkéyf élfnm≥.

Jyf nfrét erfpsdftn yf nj, xnj gjhjq ctvmz yt vjétn relf-nj gjqnb bkb xnj-nj yfqnb bp-pf Vfqrkf.≤Jy ltqcndbntkmyj pfåbhftn dct dybvfybt, – ujdjhbnjyf, – yj z yt jujhxfñcm. Z cfvf vjue cghfdbnmcz cjcdjbvb ghjåktvfvb. B z jxtym dybvfntkmyj jnyj-iecm r Vfqrke, gjnjve xnj jy ltqcndbntkmyj öjhj-ibq gfhtym≥.

DDCCTT,, XXNNJJ DDFFVV YYEEÉÉYYJJ,, –– ÄÄNNJJ KKÑÑÅÅJJDDMM

D Vjyhj, in. Ctdthyfz Rfhjkbyf, ébden futyn gj ytldbébvjcnb Létqvc Rthh, 34 ktn, tuj étyf Lfyf,33 ktn, b bö nhtöktnybq csy Vfrrtqy. ≤Vs htlrjcvjnhbv gj ntktdbpjhe xnj-nj rhjvt yjdjcntq≥, – ujdjhbn Lfyf, rjnjhfz cblbn ljvf.

≤Vs vyjuj xbnftv, jcjåtyyj Létqvc, – jnvtxftnjyf. – B vs jåf xbnftv Vfrrtqye. Vs dctulf ghtlgj-xbnftv bcreccndj cgjhne, b htlrj åsdftn, rjulf vs yt jåtlftv dvtcnt≥.

Lfyf cxbnftn, xnj kñåjdm, rjnjhfz cjtlbyztn tt c Létqvcjv, gjvjuftn hfcnb bö csye.

≤Z cxbnfñ, xnj yfib jnyjitybz pljhjdtt b ghjx-ytt, xtv e rjuj-kbåj. Vs ljdthztv lheu lheue, dvtcntgkfybhetv dhtvz b dvtcnt cvttvcz. Vs ujhlbvczcdjbv ytnbgbxysv åhfrjv. Z xedcndeñ, xnj yfi ht-åtyjr åeltn cbkmysv xtkjdtrjv. Yfi åhfr ghjxty.Vs ltkbv yfie kñåjdm lheu c lheujv b c yfibv csyjv. Änj – cfvjt åjkmijt, yf xnj vjéyj njkmrjyfltznmcz≥.

VVFFKKFFZZ CCTTVVMMZZ

Ybrjkfc Abw, 11 ktn, öjlbn d itcnjq rkfcc irjksbvtyb Léjyf Bnjyf d Ctdthj-Pfgflyjv hfqjyt Dfibyunjyf, Atlthfkmyjuj jrheuf Rjkevåbz. Gj tujckjdfv, ébnm pltcm, d änjv ujhjlt pljhjdj: jy lftn ctvmzv djpvjéyjcnm ltkfnm xnj-nj dvtcnt. Öjnz c tujjnwjv b vfnthmñ ébdtn njkmrj Ybrjkfc, e ytuj tcnmåhfn d Rfkbajhybb, rjnjhjve 31 ujl, b 27-ktnyzz ctcnhf d Xbrfuj – jåf jn ghtlsleotuj åhfrf tuj jnwf.E vyjubö tuj lheptq nfrét tcnm cdjlyst åhfnmz bkbctcnhs. D htpekmnfnt jy hfccvfnhbdftn cdjñ ctvmñrfr nfreñ ét, xnj b e tuj cdthcnybrjd.

Jy dgjkyt ljdjkty cdjbvb hjlbntkzvb.≤Z vjue pfybvfnmcz vfccjq dtotq c gfgjq, yfghb-

vth, öjlbnm yf rfzrt bkb d gjöjls, – ujdjhbn Ybr. –Jy ltqcndbntkmyj dct gjybvftn. Jy vjétn gjujdj-hbnm cj vyjq jåj dctv. Vjz vfvf njxyj pyftn, rfr zctåz xedcndeñ b xnj z öjxe. Jyf dctulf hzljv cj vyjqb vyjuj vyt gjvjuftn≥.

GGTTHHTTUUHHEEÉÉTTYYYYSSTT LLTTNNBB

Ecnfytim lfét ckeifnm Cnäcb Hjep-Åkfcc, 40 ktn, rjulf jyf jgbcsdftn cdjq jåsxysq ltym.

Jyf b tt veé 42-ktnybq Létq dct cdjt cdjåjlyjtdhtvz ytecnfyyj rehcbheñn dvtcnt c ldevz ljxthmvbltcznb b ctvb ktn vtéle ehjrfvb nfywtd, aenåjkjv,åfcrtnåjkjv, kbnthfnehysv rheérjv, irjkmysv öjhjv b ehjrfvb bdhbnf. Åkfcc jnvtxftn, xnj, vjétnåsnm, jyb ckbirjv frnbdyj dsgjkyzñn hjlbntkmcrbtjåzpfyyjcnb bkb gthtuheéfñn cdjbö ltntq hfpkbx-ysvb pfyznbzvb. B d cfvjv ltkt Cnäcb Hjep-Åkfcc cveétv ghbikjcm lfét öjlbnm yf rjycekmnfwbb r cgtwbfkbcne gj djghjcfv ctvmb b åhfrf, gjrf jyb ytgjyzkb, xnj bv ghjcnj yeéyj rfrjt-nj dhtvz gjåsnmjlybv.

Veé Cnäcb Hjep-Åkfcc, herjdjlbntkm cnhjbntkmyj-uj ghjtrnf d in. Vähbktyl, eöjlbn yf hfåjne d 5:30enhf. Cnäcb ujnjdbn ltdjxtr d irjke, ghtélt xtv d djctvm jnghfdbnmcz d Ujcelfhcndtyysq ltgfhnfvtynCIF, ult pfybvftncz vtéleyfhjlysvb byajhvfwb-jyysvb ghjuhfvvfvb.

≤Jåsxyj ljhjuf yf hfåjne pfybvftn e vtyz 45 vb-yen yf vfibyt, – ujdjhbn jyf. – Z ltqcndbntkmyj yfckfélfñcm änbvb vbyenfvb, nfr rfr änj vjt tlby-cndtyyjt cdjåjlyjt dhtvz≥. Rjulf d ldf xfcf lyz pf-yznbz d irjkt pfrfyxbdfñncz, ltdjxrb blen d uheggeghjlktyyjuj lyz. Jntw pfåbhftn bö ljvjq gj genb chfåjns. Pfntv yfxbyfñncz hfpkbxyst pfyznbz, b jåf

hjlbntkz djpzn ltdjxtr nelf-cñlf, f nfrét jhufybpe-ñn jåtl.

≤Jåsxyj pf jåtl jndtxftn vjq veé, – cjjåoftnCnäcb. – D änjv vyt ltqcndbntkmyj gjdtpkj, nfr rfråjkmibycndj vjbö gjlheu dct tot gjkyjcnmñ jndt-xftn pf ghbujnjdktybt gbob, eåjhre b cnbhre≥.

Lfét ytcvjnhz yf nj, xnj e ltdjxtr tcnm xtv pf-yznmcz rfélsq dtxth b d åjkmibycndt cktxftd d dsöjlyst lyb, Åkfcc b tt veé yt ljgecrfñn, xnjåsxnj-nj vtifkj bö htkbubjpyjve djcgbnfybñ. Jybbpexfñn belfbpv. ≤Änj nfr dféyj, – endthélftn Cnäcb.– Yfc nhelyj yfpdfnm cdthöhtkbubjpysvb. Jlyfrjvs öjnbv, xnjås yfib ltnb dshjckb, dgbnfd nt éthtkbubjpyst jåsxfb, xnj b vs, – b bvtkb ghjxyeñjcyjde, yf rjnjhjq vjéyj dct cnhjbnm≥.

LLJJCCNNBBÉÉTTYYBBZZ VVFFNNTTHHBB--JJLLBBYYJJXXRRBB

Ränkby Åjqk – ghjatccbjyfkmysq lbgkjvfn b vfnm-jlbyjxrf, djcgbnsdfñofz ldeö åjkbdbqcrbö ltdjxtrdjcmvb b ctvb ktn.

≤D chtlt lbgkjvfnjd gjxnb e dctö, rjuj z pyfñ, tcnmgj rhfqytq vtht jlby ghbtvysq htåtyjr≥, – ujdj-hbn jyf. Änj eybrfkmysq jåhfp ébpyb, rjnjhsq gj-pdjkztn ltnzv ujhfplj åjkmit epyfnm jå jrheéfñotvvbht. Åjqk åhfkf ltdjxtr d Kfjc, ult åskf d rjvfylb-hjdrt. F ntgthm jyb cyjdf yföjlzncz d CjtlbytyysöInfnfö d jéblfybb tt jxthtlyjq rjvfylbhjdrb.

≤Jyb åjkmit pyfñn j vbht, xtv jcnfkmyst ltnb dbö crfencrjv jnhzlt≥, – jnvtxftn Åjqk.

Rbn Åjqk zdkztncz gthdsv xktyjv cdjtq ctvmbfvthbrfywtd bhkfylcrjuj ghjbcöjéltybz, rnj eljxt-hbk ltntq bp lheujq änybxtcrjq uheggs, jlyfrj ttåjkmifz ctvmz öjhjij ghbyzkf ltdjxtr.

≤Bynthtcytt dctuj, – hfccrfpsdftn jyf, – åskf cnf-hfz lbktvvf ≤ghbhjlf bkb djcgbnfybt≥. Dj vyjuböjnyjitybzö ltdjxrb jxtym gjöjéb yf vtyz. E yfcjlyb b nt ét bynthtcs – jnlsö yf kjyt ghbhjls,gkfdfybt, – nj ét, cfvjt xnj b z kñåkñ ltkfnm. Vjbåhfnmz b ctcnhs änjuj yt kñåzn, f jyb kñåzn^ F e vj-tq ljxthb tcnm utys byrjd, – jyf vjétn gjcnhjbnmxnj eujlyj^≥

ÉÉBBPPYYMM DD LLDDEEÖÖ HHFFPPKKBBXXYYSSÖÖ VVBBHHFFÖÖ

≤Z tdhtqrf bp Ymñ-Qjhrf, dsitlifz pfveé pf xtkjdt-rf rbnfqcrj-vfkfqpbqcrjuj ghjbcöjéltybz, rjnjhsqgjkexbk jåhfpjdfybt d Fyukbb, – ujdjhbn Yflby Kb-


dbnn Cfqär, 35 ktn, hfåjnfñofz htlfrnjhjv d Jnltktvtéleyfhjlysö bplfybq Ujcelfhcndtyyjuj ltgfhnf-vtynf CIF.

≤E yfc tcnm ljv b ldt vfibys, b ébdtv vs d ghbuj-hjlt. Cjåfrf e yfc njét tcnm. Z yt cxbnfñ yfc d xtv-nj jcjåtyysvb. Ltnfkb vjuen åsnm ytjåsxysvb, yjjåofz rfhnbyf zdkztncz nbgbxyj fvthbrfycrjq≥, –pfvtxftn jyf.

Xnjås gjlxthryenm änj, jyf ljåfdkztn: ≤Vs cvjn-hbv ntktdbpjh b yt pfybvftvcz ärpjnbxtcrbvb dblf-vb cgjhnf. Vjq veé cnhfcnyj kñåbn rjat, f vyt yhf-dbncz xfq. Tlbycndtyyjt, xnj vjétn åsnm ytjåsx-ysv, nfr änj yfif tlf – d jxtym rbnfqcrjv b jxtymtdhtqcrjv leöt. Tlf lkz yfc bvttn åjkmitt pyfxtybt,xtv lkz chtlytq fvthbrfycrjq ctvmt≥.

Ébpym d cvtifyyjv åhfrt yt gjdkbzkf yf jnyjit-ybz, ghjljkéftn jyf. ≤Rjulf vs hfcöjlbvcz dj vyt-ybzö, z crjhtt levfñ jå änjv rfr j veécrjq-étycrjq

lböjnjvbb, xtv rbnfqcrj-öhbcnbfycrjq bkb tdhtq-crj-fvthbrfycrjq. Z levfñ, xnj njkmrj dsbuhsdfñ,rjulf ghbybvfñ tuj njxre phtybz – tuj veécreñ, rb-nfqcreñ, njxre phtybz – gj dctv vtkrbv b rhegysvdjghjcfv – jn ghtpbltyncrbö dsåjhjd lj njuj, rfrpfuheéfnm gjceljvjtxyeñ vfibye≥.

Yflby ljgecrftn, xnj gjgsnrf gjyznm ceoyjcnmfvthbrfycrjq ctvmb fyfkjubxyf gjgsnrt yfqnb jn-dtn yf djghjc: ≤Yf xnj gjöjéf gjujlf d Rbnft?≥ Jndtnukfcbn: ≤Änj åjkmifz cnhfyf≥. Njulf yf xnj ét gjöjéffvthbrfycrfz ctvmz? ≤Gjljåyj gjujlt d Rbnft, jyfvjétn åsnm dczrjq≥. ■

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Åsdftn, gj enhfv, yt cjdctv ghjcyed-ibcm, z genfñ ghjikjt b yfcnjzott.Cksie, rfr vjz vfksirf pjdtn vfve, n.t. vtyz, yj yf vuyjdtymt rfétncz, xnj änj z

pjde vfve. Ckjdj ≤vfvjxrf≥ lj cbö gjh djcrhtiftn e vtyz d gfvznb jåhfp vjtq vfnthb, b d änjv ckjdtjnhféftncz vjz gjnhtåyjcnm, rjnjhfz d xtv-nj nfr bjcnfkfcm yteljdktndjhtyyjq. Jlyfrj ntgthm eét ≤vfvjq≥ vtyz pjden vjb ljxrb. Ntgthm eét z ljkéyfjnrkbrfnmcz yf änj ckjdj, xnjås ecgjrjbnm b enti-bnm bö.

Z chsdfñcm c gjcntkb b åtue gj ljofnjve gjke. Dänjq ghtlhfccdtnyjq vukt, gjkecktgfz – åtp rjynfrn-ysö kbyp – z ytcecm, jödfxtyyfz ltncrbv cnhföjv. D ujkjdt e vtyz nevfy, crdjpm rjnjhsq z cksie rhbrjnrelf-nj bp gjlcjpyfybz. Rfr-nj cfvj cjåjq dcgjvb-yftncz byfz ctvmz, byjt dhtvz, byjq rhbr j gjvjob.Ctqxfc jlyjq bp vjbö ljxthtq djctvm ktn, f lheujq –itcnm. Rjulf vyt åskj djctvm, vjq yjxyjq rjivfhåsk yfcnjzobv – evthkf vjz vfnm.

D gjkevhfrt, jrheéfñotv vtyz, z vscktyyj gtht-yjiecm d nt dhtvtyf b dcgjvbyfñ yfie ymñ-qjhr-creñ rdfhnbhe, ult ébkf c vfvjq, f gjnjv, gjckt ttcvthnb, c tt åhfnmzvb – vjbvb lzlzvb. Vs ébkbdvtcnt djctvm ktn.

Cj cnjhjys vjbö lzltq änj åsk cthmtpysq ifu.Jyb ébkb gjhjpym d hfpkbxysö hfqjyfö Ymñ-Qjhrfb ljkuj jcnfdfkbcm öjkjcnzrfvb. Vjq lzlz Kty ghb-lfdfk cdjtq ébpyb jhtjk nfbycndtyyjcnb: jy ébk dujcnbybwfö, gj-dblbvjve, gjkmpjdfkcz gctdljybvf-vb b yfvtrfk lfét yf nj, xnj jy ytrbq ≤ctrhtnysq

futyn≥. D ntxtybt vyjubö ktn z åskf edthtyf, xnj jyigbjy. Cnfd dphjckjq, z dszcybkf, xnj jy åsk ärjyj-vbcnjv, rjnjhsq byjulf gjlhfåfnsdfk xfcnysv cs-obrjv. Rhjvt njuj, jy gbcfk ltntrnbdyst hfccrfps,uthjzvb rjnjhsö åskb kñlb dhjlt ytuj cfvjuj –≤ubufyns vsckb≥ d ikzgfö c ibhjrbvb vzurbvb jgeotyysvb gjkzvb b gkfofö c gjlyznsvb djhjn-ybrfvb, rjnjhst gentitcndjdfkb byrjuybnj bp jlyjuj ärpjnbxtcrjuj gjhnf d lheujq.

Kty gthtldbufkcz yfkturt. Gj tuj ckjdfv, dcz tujjltélf evtofkfcm d åjkmijq rjydthn bp njkcnjq åevfub. Rjulf jy gthttpéfk rj vyt, nj ghbdtp ytcuj-hftvsq irfa c ljrevtynfvb, f yt rfhnjyyst rjhjå-rb c dtofvb. Tuj vkflibq åhfn Utqå, rjnjhsq åsk yfldf ujlf vjkjét Ktyf – tve bcgjkybkjcm 38, rjulf jycnfk ébnm c yfvb – cjdctv yt gjöjlbk yf ytuj. Jykñåbk gtnm b jöjnyj buhfk d ltncrbt buhs. Utqå gtkltym b yjxm, yj yt bvtk yb vfktqituj ghtlcnfdktybzj ébpyb d ctvmt b ljvfiytv öjpzqcndt. Étyobys djrheut cxbnfkb jåjbö vjbö lzlñitr xelfrfvb, f nj bcevfcitlibvb.

Crjhj e yfc gjzdbkcz xtndthnsq xkty ctvmb – vjzåfåeirf Tnrf, ehjétyrf Hjccbb. Rjulf jyf gthttöfkfr yfv, tq åskj 80 ktn, f vyt d nj dhtvz bcgjkybkjcmdjctvm. E yfc c ytq åskf jåofz cgfkmyz, rjnjheñ vsyfpsdfkb ltdbxmtq. Jåobvb e yfc åskb b yjxystcnhföb. R åfåeirt Tnrt ghböjlbkb ghbphfrb, b jyfghjcsgfkfcm chtlb yjxb c rhbrjv. Ckexfkjcm, xnj yjxmñ vjtq åfåeirt, rjnjhfz hjlbkf ljvf gznthsöltntq, dlheu yfxbyfkj rfpfnmcz, xnj jyf njkmrj xnjhjlbkf b xnj htåtyjr gjnthzkcz ult-nj d gjcntkmyjv

XNJXNJÅS KEXITÅS KEXITÉBKÉBKJCM D VJTVJCM D VJTV

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åtkmt. D nfrbö ckexfzö vjb lzlñirb ghbåtufkb r yfvb ecgjrfbdfkb tt.

Ctujlyz, tckb vjb ljxthb dlheu yfxbyfñn uhjvrjgkfrfnm dj cyt, ghjcsgftncz jlby bp ntö ét ldeö lz-lñitr, Kty, rjnjhjve ctqxfc 84 ujlf, b cghfibdftn:≤Xnj ckexbkjcm?≥. (Utqå åjkmit yt ébdtn c yfvb; gjx-nb 30 ktn yfpfl jy étybkcz b etöfk d Bphfbkm.) Jlyj-uj pderf tuj ujkjcf, rjnjhsq entifk vtyz, rjulf vtyzvexbkb ltncrbt rjivfhs, ljcnfnjxyj, xnjås ntgthmecgjrjbnm dctö yfc.

Ctqxfc vjz ébpym yt njkmrj gjdnjhztn dj vyjujvvjñ ghjikeñ ébpym, yj b gjkyjcnmñ djcghjbpdjlbntt jnltkmyst vjvtyns, dgktntyyst d tt bcnjhbñ. Jcyjdyfz hfpkbxbt, djpvjéyj, cjcnjbn d njv, xnj rf-pfdittcz cnhfyysv d rjywt gznbltcznsö ujljd ghji-kjuj dtrf, ntgthm yt dsukzlbn nfrbv. Rjulf z hjlb-kfcm, Fvthbrf chtlytuj rkfccf gjxnb yt pyfkf ctvtq,cjplfyysö ytpfveéybvb étyobyfvb. Vjz vfnm jåju-yfkf cdjt dhtvz. D 35 ktn, åelexb hfåjnfñotq éty-obyjq, jyf hjlbkf vtyz b cnfkf vfnthmñ-jlbyjxrjq.Njulf tq ghböjlbkjcm cjxbyznm vfcce ytåskbw, xnj-ås bpåtéfnm ytkjdrjuj gjkjétybz bkb crfylfkf. Yjänj åskf kjém dj cgfctybt. Jyf ghblevfkf ktutyle jvjtv jnwt. E ytuj åskf nfrfz ét afvbkbz, rfr e vtyz,b pdfkb tuj Kähhb. Jy djtdfk pfuhfybwtq b ≤gfkcvthnmñ öhfåhsö≥ yf gjkt åjz. Jy åsk cfvsv rhfcb-dsv, cfvsv kexibv nfywjhjv b cfvsv cvtksv ktn-xbrjv cj vyjétcndjv jhltyjd b vtlfktq. Rjulf vjzvfvf evthkf, jyf jcnfdbkf vyt äne ktutyle b ajnju-hfabñ vjtuj ≤jnwf≥. E vtyz d jlyjq bp gfgjr lj cbögjh ktébn änjn cybvjr, yj z cnfhfñcm ybrjulf nelfyt pfukzlsdfnm. Cnfhfz ajnjuhfabz ctqxfc tot åjkm-it gjnecrytkf b åjkmit gjnhtcrfkfcm. B dvtcnt c ntvcyfxfkf gjifnyekfcm, f gjnjv hfpheibkfcm vjz dthfd pfgtxfnktyyjuj yf ajnjuhfabb xtkjdtrf. Ntgthm zyt edthtyf d njv, xnj änj vjq jntw. Yf cybvrt dgjkytvju åsnm rnj-nj lheujq, yj jczpftvsq yfcnjkmrj, xnjvjz vfnm vjukf ghtlcnfdbnm tuj d nfrjq hjkb vyt.Ntv yt vtytt z öhfyñ äne ajnjuhfabñ.

Vjb ljxthb – ghbtvyst. Jyb, crjhtq dctuj, ≤ytpf-rjyyjhjéltyyst≥, rfr b z. Jåt jyb cnfkb cbhjnfvb d htpekmnfnt ytåkfujghbznyjq gjkbnbxtcrjq jåcnf-yjdrb d ntö cnhfyfö, ult jyb hjlbkbcm. D yfitv rheuelheptq b pyfrjvsö tcnm vyjuj lheubö ghbtvysö lt-ntq, rjnjhst cnfkb bvb d cbke fyfkjubxysö jåcnjz-ntkmcnd. Gjéfkeq, vs ghtlcnfdkztv cjåjq yjdeñ ≤nbgbxyeñ≥ ctvmñ, cjcnjzoeñ bp vfnthb-jlbyjxrb bghbtvysö ljxthtq cvtifyyjuj ghjbcöjéltybz.

Djpvjéyj, ≤jlyjhjlyfz≥ ctvmz nfrét cnfkf ljcnjz-ybtv ghjikjuj dtrf. Öfhfrnth ytrjulf pfvryensö ctvtqysö jnyjitybq bpvtybkcz. Ctvmz rfr ås jn-rhskfcm: kñlb cnfkb ghbybvfnm d ctvmñ åtétywtd bplheubö cnhfy, jödfxtyysö åtcgjhzlrfvb. D åbjuhf-abzö vjbö ltdjxtr yföjlbn jnhfétybt bcnjhbzcnhfy, dsöjlwfvb bp rjnjhsö jyb zdkzñncz.

Vjz cnfhifz ljxm Cfif hjlbkfcm d gthdst ujlsgjckt htdjkñwbb d Hevsybb. Ghb lbrnfnjhcrjv ht-ébvt nfv åskb pfghtotys dct ghjnbdjpfxfnjxystchtlcndf b fåjhns. Htpekmnfnjv gjljåyjq gjkbnbrbcnfkb nsczxb ckexftd ytétkfntkmyjq åthtvtyyjcnb.Ltnb hjélfkbcm b jnlfdfkbcm yf ecsyjdktybt b elj-xthtybt. Gtxfkmyjq vjukf åsnm b bcnjhbz vjtqvkflitq ljxthb Léfcvby. Jyf jlyf bp 300 000 ltdj-xtr, jn rjnjhsö tétujlyj jnrfpsdfñncz hjlbntkb dRbnft d cdzpb c ghjdjlbvjq änjq cnhfyjq gjkbnbrjq,hfphtifñotq cegheétcrjq gfht bvtnm njkmrj jlyj-uj htåtyrf. Eéfc gjljåyjq gjkbnbrb cjcnjbn d njv,xnj, herjdjlcndezcm ghfrnbxtcrbvb cjjåhfétybzvb,kñlb jnlfñn cdjtuj gthdjuj htåtyrf, tckb änj ltdjx-rf, d cbhjncrbq ghbñn, d yfltélt yf nj, xnj cktleñ-obv hjlbncz vfkmxbr.

D 43 ujlf z gjljåyj cdjtq vfnthb cnfkf vfnthmñ-jlbyjxrjq. Z hfpdtkfcm gjckt 27 ktn cegheétcndf. Gjxtve? Ghjbpjikj änj gj kbxysv ghbxbyfv? Hfpe-vttncz, kbxyst ghbxbys csuhfkb pltcm cdjñ hjkm.Jlyfrj pltcm bvttn vtcnj b åjktt vfcinfåyjt zdkt-ybt – hfcgfl yerktfhyjq ctvmb. Xnj ghbvbhztn vtyzc änbv? Njn afrn, xnj ghtlghbyznst vjbv veétv bvyjñ cjdvtcnyst ecbkbz gjpdjkbkb cgfcnb ldeö vfkjktnybö ltdjxtr jn eckjdbq, yfvyjuj eéfcyttntö, d rjnjhst vs, cfvb njuj yt étkfz, gjcnfdbkb böd htpekmnfnt yfituj hfpdjlf. Z cxbnfñ, xnj yfi ≤hfp-heityysq≥ ljv dct-nfrb kexit kñåjuj cbhjncrjujghbñnf. Ytcjvytyyj änj cfvjt kexitt b tlbycndty-yjt eåtébot, rjnjhjt z vjue bv ghtljcnfdbnm. Yj-xmñ ltdjxrb cgzn dvtcnt, jåsxyj cdthyedibcm rfkf-xbrjv d cdjtv åtpvzntéyjv ltncrjv vbht. Jlyfrj,gj jgsne cdjtuj ltncndf, rjulf z gjnthzkf vfnm, – rjnjhfz ctujlyz nfywtdfkf, f yfpfdnhf evthkf, – zpyfñ, xnj åtpjgfcyjcnm bkkñpjhyf. B njkmrj elfxf, –njyrfz, xenm kb yt ghjphfxyfz, pfobnyfz gktyrf – jnltkztn dfc jn åtls.

Rfélsq hfp, rjulf z, yfxbyfz yjdsq ltym, gjlyb-vfñ vjbö ljxthtq b d cgtirt ltkfñ dct, xnj vyt gjkjétyj ltkfnm enhjv, z pyfñ, xnj d cgfkmyt gj rjhbljhe ghjcsgftncz, bkb, njxytt crfpfnm, dct tot


åjlhcndetn, vjq lzlz Kty. Jy endthélftn, xnj, ybrju-lf yt cgbn gj-yfcnjzotve, f njkmrj jnlsöftn. Z c ltncndf gjvyñ, rfr jy cblbn d cdjtv rhtckt. Xnjåscltkfnm tve ghbznyjt, vs ujdjhbkb njulf, xnj jy ds-ukzlbn, rfr gfvznybr Kbyrjkmye, gjnjve xnj Kty cxb-nfk Kbyrjkmyf cdjbv uthjtv b lj cbö gjh cfv xtv-njgjöjé yf änjuj dtkbrjuj fvthbrfycrjuj Ghtpbltynf.

Nfr xnj e vjbö ltdjxtr b e vtyz tcnm ljvf cdjq ut-hjq, cnjkm ét ktutylfhysq, rfr vjq jntw. D 84 ujlfjy vjétn åscnhj gjljqnb r jlyjq bkb lheujq ltdjx-rt, tckb jyb gjpjden tuj. Jy lftn vjbv ljxthzv nj,xnj lfdfk vyt, – åtpuhfybxyeñ kñåjdm b gjcnjzyyjtjljåhtybt. Jy yt gthtcnftn djcöbofnmcz cdjbvb ldevz ≤cfvsvb jxfhjdfntkmysvb≥ dyexrfvb. Jyb –cfvst evyst, cfvst rhfcbdst b cfvst nfkfynkbdst.Jyb gbien rfhnbys, rfr Gbrfccj, b gjñn, rfr jgth-yst ghbvfljyys. Jyb d cthlwt lzlñirb Ktyf.

Rfélfz ctvmz bvttn cdjb jcjåtyyjcnb. B yfif ctvmz yt bcrkñxtybt. E yfc cdjq zpsr kñådb, cdjbjåsxfb, cdjb gtcyb. Jlyfrj wtkb ctvmb jcnfñnczghtéybvb – pfåjnf j ltnzö, exfcnbt cnfhituj gjrj-ktybz d ébpyb ctvmb b gjnhtåyjcnm lheu d lheut. Bébpym bltn cdjbv xthtljv: vs gjtv, hbcetv b erhf-iftv cdjq ljv xtv-nj kbxysv. Gjl yfitq rhsitqébdtn nhb gjrjktybz – änj njét jn vjtq ghjikjqctvmb.

Ytcvjnhz yf nj, xnj vjz åfåeirf xfcnj dtkf ctåzrfr vjz vkflifz ctcnhf, – crfétv, nfqrjv yjcbkfvjb erhfitybz b lfét vjb gkfnmz – jyf nfrét exbkfvtyz, rfr crfpfnm gj-heccrb ≤z ntåz kñåkñ≥. Vs dcgj-vbyftv tt rfélsq ltym. Jyf åskf vbybfnñhyjqétyobyjq, ukfpf e ytt åktcntkb, rfr rjatqyst pthyf.Jyf åskf gjöjéf yf lzlñire Ktyf ctqxfc b ghjzdkz-kf bcrkñxbntkmyeñ zcyjcnm vsckb, ytcvjnhz yf cdjqdjphfcn. Jlyféls yjxmñ jyf cödfnbkf vtyz pf here bxtnrj ghjbpytckf: ≤Vjz ébpym eöjlbn, rfr cjy≥.

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ÅÅBBÅÅKBJUHKBJUHFABZFABZRYBUB, CNFNMB B LJREVTYNS

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Pitt-Catsouphes, Marcie and Googins, Bradley K.,eds. "The Evolving World of Work and Family: NewStakeholders, New Voices." The Annals of theAmerican Academy of Political and Social Science,March 1999, pp. 8-211.D änbö cnfnmzö hfccrfpsdftncz j hfpkbxysö ctvmzö b jhufybpfwbzö, ctvmzö b jhufybpfwbzöd gthtöjlysq gthbjl, f nfrét j gjkbnbxtcrbögthcgtrnbdfö d jnyjitybb hfåjns b ctvmb.

Robertson, Brian C. There’s No Place Like Work: HowBusiness, Government and Our Obsession with WorkHave Driven Parents from Home. Dallas, TX:Spence, 2000.

Shellenbarger, Sue. Work & Family: Essays from the‘Work & Family’ Column of the Wall Street Journal.New York: Ballantine Books, 1999.

Smith, Tom W.; Davis, James A.; and Marsden,Peter V. The Emerging 21st Century AmericanFamily. Chicago: National Opinion Research Center,University of Chicago, November 24, 1999.http://www.norc.uchicago.edu/online/emerge.pdf

Sommers-Flanagan, Rita; Elander, Chelsea; andSommers-Flanagan, John. Don’t Divorce Us! Kids’Advice to Divorcing Parents. Alexandria, VA:American Counseling Association, 2000.

South, Scott J. and Tolnay, Stewart E., eds. TheChanging American Family: Sociological andDemographic Perspectives. Boulder, CO: WestviewPress, 1992.

Stacey, Judith. In the Name of the Family:Rethinking Family Values in the Postmodern Age.Boston: Beacon Press, 1996.

Teachman, Jay D.; Tedrow, Lucky M.; and Crowder,Kyle D. "The Changing Demography of America’sFamilies." Journal of Marriage and the Family,November 2000, pp. 1234-1246.

Unell, Barbara C. and Wyckoff, Jerry L. The 8 Stagesof Parenthood: How the Stages of ParentingConstantly Reshape Our Adult Identities. New York:Times Books, 2000.

U.S. Dept. of Labor. Meeting the Needs of Today’sWorkforce: Child Care Best Practices. Washington:1998.http://www.dol.gov/dol/wb/childcare/child3.pdf

U.S. Dept. of Labor. Women’s Bureau. EmployerChild Care Resources: A Guide to DevelopingEffective Child Care Programs and Policies.Washington: 1998.

Urban Institute. Snapshots of America’s Families II: AView of the Nation and 13 States from the NationalSurvey of America’s Families. Washington: UrbanInstitute, 2000. http://newfederalism.urban.org/nsaf/snapshots_index.htmlC jlybv bp rjvvtynfhbtd r änjve bccktljdf-ybñ, jgeåkbrjdfyysv “Ñ-Äc ymñp jykfqy”,vjéyj jpyfrjvbnmcz d Bynthytnt gj flhtce:http://newfederalism.urban.org/nsaf/media/usnews.html

Wallerstein, Judith; Lewis, Julia; and Blakeslee,Sandra. The Unexpected Legacy of Divorce: A 25-Year Landmark Study. New York: Hyperion Books,2000.

Zuckerman, Diana, ed. On Common Ground:Prominent Women Talk about Work and Family.Washington: Institute for Women’s Policy Research,1999.

CFQNS BYNTHYTNF

FFG (Fvthbrfycrfz fccjwbfwbz gtycbjythjd)

http://www.aarp.org/Jlyf bp dtleobö jhufybpfwbq lkz kñltq d djphfcnt jn 50 ktn b cnfhit. FFG ≤jåckeébdftnbö gjnhtåyjcnb, hfcghjcnhfyzz byajhvfwbñ,pfobofz bö ghfdf b ghtljcnfdkzz hfpkbxystcjwbfkmyst eckeub.≥ Yf änjq dtå-cnhfybwt jåceélfñncz nfrbt ntvs, rfr rjvgmñnths bntöyjkjubb, plhfdjjöhfytybt b pljhjdmt, pfrj-yjlfntkmyst djghjcs, ljceu b hfpdktxtybz, gthtöjlyst gthbjls d ébpyb, ltymub b hfåjnf,cjjndtncndeñobt yfexyst hfphfåjnrb; ghtlj-cnfdkztncz cghfdjxyfz byajhvfwbz b byajhvf-wbz j ljåhjdjkmxtcrjq ltzntkmyjcnb.

Byajhvfwbjyysq wtynh FFG lkz ltleitr

b åfåeitr

http://www.aarp.org/confacts/programs/gic.htmlByajhvfwbjyysq wtynh FFG lkz ltleitr b åfåeitr jåckeébdftn ≤ltleitr b åfåeitr, djcgbnsdfñobö dyerjd; ltleitr b åfåeitr, rjnjhsö bynthtceñn bö ghfdf gjctotybz dye-rjd – hjlysö b ythjlysö; ltleitr b åfåeitr,rjnjhst öjnzn exfcndjdfnm d ébpyb cdjbö dye-rjd≥. Jrfpsdftvst eckeub drkñxfñn geåkbret-vst yf dtå-cfqnt htrjvtylfwbb gj ibhjrjverheue ntv, éehyfks, byajhvfwbjyysq åñkkt-ntym ≤Djcgbnfybt dyerjd≥, byajhvfwbñ j vtcn-ysö uheggfö gjllthérb, ntöybxtcreñ gjvjom,f nfrét eckeub gj pfobnt ghfd ltleitr b åfåe-itr gj jnyjitybñ r dyerfv.

Ghjtrn FAN-RGG ≤Hfåjnfñobt étyobys

hfåjnfñn dvtcnt≥

http://www.aflcio.org/women/index.htmJlyjq bp ghbvtxfntkmysö jcjåtyyjcntq lfy-yjuj cfqnf zdkzñncz byajhvfwbz j hfåjnfñ-obö étyobyfö, hfdyjghfdbb ghb jgkfnt nhelfb djcgbnfybb ltntq. Jy nfrét cjlthébn gjl-åjhrb bynthtcysö ccskjr yf byajhvfwbjyysthtcehcs Bynthytnf, gjcdzotyyst hfåjnfñobvétyobyfv(http://www.aflcio.org/women/ww_links.htm)b hfåjnfñobv ctvmzv(http://www.aflcio.org/front/wf_links.htm)

≤Fkmzyc ghjatccbjyfkjd: hfåjnf b ébpym≥

http://www.awlp.org/Änf jhufybpfwbz gsnftncz yfqnb hfpevysq åfkfyc vtéle hfåjnjq b ctvtqyjq b kbxyjqébpymñ. Jyf ghtljcnfdkztn cdjbv xktyfv by-ajhvfwbñ j hfpkbxysö vthjghbznbzö, cdzpfy-ysö c yfghfdktybtv tt ltzntkmyjcnb, b geåkbretn jåüzdktybz j nheljecnhjqcndt. Lfyysq cfqn gjpdjkztn nfrét dtcnb gjbcr rybu,rjvgmñnthysö ghjuhfvv, dbltjpfgbctq, ctvb-yfhjd b extåysö rehcjd, gjcdzotyysö kmujnfvlkz hjlbntktq, djcgbnfybñ ltntq, eöjle pf ghtcnfhtksvb, rekmnehysv cjåsnbzv b ubårbvhfåjxbv uhfabrfv, gjpdjkzñobv cjxtnfnm hfåjne b ljv.

≤FvthbCnfn≥

http://www.ameristat.org/Ghjtrn ≤FvthbCnfn≥, cjplfyysq Åñhj cghfdjrj yfctktybb d gfhnythcndt c ltvjuhfajv Åbkkjv Ahttv b ärcgthnfvb bp Vbxbufycrjujeybdthcbntnf b Eybdthcbntnf infnf Ymñ-Qjhrd Jkåfyb, ghtljcnfdkztn vuyjdtyyst ltvjuhf-abxtcrbt cghfdrb j yfctktybb CIF. Jåkfcnbbynthtcf: åhfr b ctvmz, ltvjuhfabxtcrbt lfyyst b ghjuyjps, ltnb b ghtcnfhtkst.

≤Än-öjev läl≥

http://www.athomedad.com/≤Än-öjev läl≥ (≤Gfgf ljvf≥) – tétrdfhnfkmysqäktrnhjyysq byajhvfwbjyysq åñkktntym, cjplfyysq ≤lkz jåütlbytybz åjktt 2 vbkkbj-yjd jnwjd, rjnjhst jcnfñncz ljvf cj cdjbvbltnmvb≥. Änjn åñkktntym nfrét geåkbretn cjdt-ns lkz ntö, rnj pfybvftncz åbpytcjv yf ljve,hfccrfps j lheubö ≤ljvfiybö gfgfö≥, htpekmnf-ns jghjcjd b lheueñ byajhvfwbñ lkz jnwjd b ltntq.

Wtynh hfåjns b ctvmb

http://www.centeraorworkandaamily.com/Wtynh hfåjns b ctvmb, rjnjhsq bvttn cdjbghtlcnfdbntkmcndf d Åtntplt, in. Vähbktyl bÅthrkb, in. Rfkbajhybz, ghtlkfuftn eckeub gjjåextybñ b jrfpsdftn gjllthére lkz ntö, rnjhfåjnftn b d jaabct, b ljvf. Wtkm ltzntkmyjcnbWtynhf pfrkñxftncz d njv, xnjås ≤kbrdblbhj-dfnm hfphsd vtéle yeélfvb ctvtq b vbhjv hfåjns≥. Yf änjv cfqnt nfrét ghtlcnfdktyf byajhvfwbz j hfpkbxysö extåysö ctvbyfhfö b ghjuhfvvfö wtynhf.


Wtynh gjvjob hfåjnfñobv ctvmzv

http://workingfamilies.berkeley.edu/Wtynh gjvjob hfåjnfñobv ctvmzv, jåhfpjdfy-ysq xktyfvb vtélbcwbgkbyfhyjq uheggs Rfkbajhybqcrjuj eybdthcbntnf d Åthrkb, ds-gecrybrfvb, dytinfnysvb yfexysvb cjnhelyb-rfvb b fcgbhfynfvb, rjnjhst bccktleñn djghj-cs ctvmb b rekmnehs djcgbnfybz, ghtlkfuftn yfcdjtv cfqnt åjufneñ gjlåjhre htcehcjd. Ghtl-cnfdktyf hfpåbnfz yf heåhbrb byajhvfwbz jktrwbzö, ctvbyfhfö, yfexyj-bccktljdfntkmcrjqhfåjnt, bplfybzö, ljrkflfö, f nfrét åbåkbjuhf-abb, extåyst gkfys, geåkbrfwbb d chtlcndfövfccjdjq byajhvfwbb, jåüzdktybz cj ccskrf-vb yf lheubt cfqns.

≤Åtpltnyst gj cdjtve dsåjhe≥

http://now2000.com/cbc/≤Åtpltnyst gj cdjtve dsåjhe≥ – änj byajhvf-wbjyysq wtynh lkz kñltq, rjnjhst htibkb ytbvtnm ltntq, f nfrét lkz ntö, rnj hfplevsdftn jnjv, cnjbn kb bv pfdtcnb htåtyrf≥. Yf cfqnt pfjghtltktyyeñ gkfne vjéyj ghbjåhtcnb rybub,cnfhst dsgecrb byajhvfwbjyyjuj åñkktntyz≤Åtpltnyst gj cdjtve dsåjhe≥ b lheubt njdfhs.Bvtñncz ccskrb yf cfqns gj fyfkjubxyjq nt-vfnbrt.

≤Ltnb ctqxfc≥

http://www.childrennow.org/economics/Änf uheggf gj pfobnt ghfd ltntq jceotcndkztnhzl ghjuhfvv, d njv xbckt ghjuhfvve ≤Hfåj-nfñobt ctvmb≥. Tt wtkm – chtvbnmcz ghtljcnfd-kznm ≤rfxtcndtyyst ltncrbt exhtéltybz, äaatr-nbdyeñ cbcntve plhfdjjöhfytybz, abyfycjdeñgjllthére ltntq b cghfdtlkbdeñ yfkjujdeñ gjkbnbre≥ ctvmzv ghb gthtöjlt bp hfphzlf gjkexfntktq ujcelfhcndtyyjq gjvjob d hfphzlnhelzoböcz. Yf cfqnt ghtlcnfdktys ljrkfls,byajhvfwbjyyst åñkktntyb b lheubt htcehcs.

≤Ltnb-bydfkbls≥

http://www.childrenwithdisabilities.ncjrs.org/Yf dtå-cnhfybwt ≤Ltnb-bydfkbls≥ ghtlcnfdktyfbyajhvfwbz j pfobnt ghfd ltntq-bydfkbljd,jåhfpjdfybb, nheljecnhjqcndt, pljhjdmt, ébkmt,jnlsöt, ntöybxtcrjq gjvjob b nhfycgjhnt,ghtlyfpyfxtyyfz lkz ctvtq, gjcnfdobrjd eckeub uhfélfy. Cfqn bvttn cktleñobt gjlhfpltks:htcehcs yf jåotyfwbjyfkmyjv, atlthfkmyjv,infnyjv b vtcnyjv ehjdyzö; rfktylfhm cjås-nbq; uhfyns b abyfycbhjdfybt; bccktljdfybz bcnfnbcnbxtcrbt lfyyst; ghjtrn ≤Vjkjltém –vjkjltéb≥, yjdjcnb b jåpjhs yjdsö htcehcjd.

ChildStats.gov: ajhev gj ltncrjq b

ctvtqyjq cnfnbcnbrt

http://childstats.gov/Änj jabwbfkmysq dtå-cfqn Atlthfkmyjuj vté-dtljvcndtyyjuj ajhevf gj ltncrjq b ctvtqyjqcnfnbcnbrt, rjnjhsq rjjhlbybhetn cåjh b geå-kbrfwbñ atlthfkmysö cnfnbcnbxtcrbö lfyysöj ltnzö b ctvmzö. Cfqn ghtljcnfdkztn cdjåjl-ysq ljcneg r atlthfkmysv b jåotyfwbjyfkm-ysv cnfnbcnbxtcrbv lfyysv b jnxtnfv, gjcdz-otyysv ltnzv b ctvmzv. Hfccvfnhbdfñncz nf-rbt ntvs, rfr öfhfrnthbcnbrb yfctktybz b ct-vmb, ärjyjvbxtcrjt gjkjétybt, pljhjdmt, gjdt-ltybt b cjwbfkmyfz chtlf, jåhfpjdfybt.

Cjdtn gj ltkfv cjdhtvtyysö ctvtq (CLCC)

http://www.contemporaryfamilies.org/Hfcghjcnhfyzz vfnthbfks jåhfpjdfntkmyjuj öf-hfrnthf, geåkbrfwbb d chtlcndfö vfccjdjq by-ajhvfwbb, ljrkfls yf rjyathtywbzö b ctvb-yfhfö, CLCC cgjcjåcndetn ≤jåotyfwbjyfkmyjvelbfkjue j gjnhtåyjcnzö cjdhtvtyysö ctvtq b jnjv, rfr kexit dctuj eljdktndjhbnm änb gjnhtå-yjcnb≥. Yf änjq cnhfybwt vjéyj yfqnb cdtébtgeåkbrfwbb, yjdjcnb, f nfrét ccskrb yf lheubthtcehcs.

Eparent.comhttp://www.eparent.com/Änj äktrnhjyyfz dthcbz éehyfkf ≤Ärctgitykgfhtyn väuäpby≥. Lfyysq cfqn ghtljcnfdkztn≤byajhvfwbñ, gjllthére, bltb, gjjohtybt bghjuhfvvs gjvjob lkz hjlbntktq b ctvmtq ltntq-bydfkbljd b cgtwbfkbcnjd, rjnjhst hfåjnfñn c ybvb≥. Ds vjétnt jceotcndbnm gj-bcr vfnthbfkjd gj jghtltktyyjq ntvt. Rhjvtnjuj, gjctnbntkb (dphjckst b ltnb) vjuen jåvt-ybdfnmcz cdjbv kbxysv jgsnjv. Tcnm ccskrb yfcfqns j njdfhfö b eckeufö, rybufö, dbltjpfgbczöb rjvgmñnthcrbö ghjuhfvvfö, buheirfö, b lheubö htcehcfö, gjcdzotyysö plhfdjjöhfyt-ybñ, cgtwbfkmysv nhfycgjhnysv chtlcndfv babyfycjdjve gkfybhjdfybñ.



Bycnbnen ctvmb b hfåjns

http://www.familiesandworkinst.org/Änf ytrjvvthxtcrfz jåotcndtyyfz jhufybpfwbzbpexftn ≤vtyzñobqcz öfhfrnth hfåjns b ctvtq-yjq ébpyb≥. Jcyjdyst dbls tt ltzntkmyjcnbdrkñxfñn d ctåz bpextybt nheljdjq gjkbnbrb b jhufybpfwbb hfåjxtuj vtcnf, jwtyre b ntöyb-xtcreñ gjvjom, f nfrét hfcghjcnhfytybt yfex-ysö jnxtnjd b lheubö geåkbrfwbq. Lheujq rheg-yjq bybwbfnbdjq Bycnbnenf ctvmb b hfåjnscnfk ghjtrn ≤Jnwjdcndj≥ (http://www.igc.org/fatherhood/). Änjn jåotyfwbjyfkmysq yfexysqghjtrn åsk yfxfn d 1981 ujle. Tuj wtkzvb zdkz-ñncz bpextybt åeleotuj jnwjdcndf b hfphfåjnrfgjllthérb exfcnbz veéxby d djcgbnfybb ltntqc gjvjomñ rybu, abkmvjd, ctvbyfhjd, rjycekm-nfwbq b ghjuhfvv jåextybz.

≤Jåütlbytyyst gjrjktybz≥

http://www.gu.org/≤Jåütlbytyyst gjrjktybz≥ – jåotyfwbjyfkm-yfz rjfkbwbz, gjcdznbdifz cdjb ecbkbz gjkbnb-rt, ghjuhfvvfv b djghjcfv, cdzpfyysv c dpf-bvjltqcndbtv gjrjktybq. Jyf ckeébn htcehcjvb ajhevjv lkz ntö, rnj hfphfåfnsdftn htrjvty-lfwbb d änjq jåkfcnb djcgbnfybz. Yf lfyyjqdtå-cnhfybwt ghtlcnfdktys yjdfnjhcrbt ghj-uhfvvs, pfrjyjlfntkmcndj, ghfdjdst cnhfntubb,ujcelfhcndtyyst kmujns, uheggs gjllthérb blheubt bybwbfnbds, bvtñobt jnyjitybt r ltleirfv, åfåeirfv b lheubv hjlcndtyybrfv,rjnjhst djcgbnsdfñn ltntq, rjulf bö hjlbntkbänbv yt pfybvfñncz.

Bycnbnen ghjåktv étyoby

http://www.iwpr.org/research_work.htmlÄnf ytrjvvthxtcrfz yfexyj-bccktljdfntkmcrfzjhufybpfwbz eltkztn vyjuj dybvfybz djghjcfvhfåjns b ctvmb. D yfcnjzott dhtvz jyf pfybvf-tncz jwtyrjq gjnhtåyjcnb d jngecrt gj ctvtq-ysv jåcnjzntkmcndfv b cjcnjzybñ pljhjdmz,jghjcjv bpdtcnysö étyoby jå bö evtybb cjdvtofnm dscjrbt ljkéyjcnb c ctvtqysvbjåzpfyyjcnzvb, f nfrét fyfkbpjv hfåjns d yt-crjkmrj cvty b cjcnjzybz ltncrbö exhtéltybq.

Yfwbjyfkmysq wtynh jnwjdcndf b ctvmb

(YWJC)

http://www.ncoff.gse.upenn.edu/YWJC – änj vtélbcwbgkbyfhysq bccktljdf-ntkmcrbq wtynh, pfybvfñobqcz hfphfåjnrjqhtrjvtylfwbq gj nfrbv djghjcfv, rfr exfcnbtjnwjd d djcgbnfybb ltntq b erhtgktybt ctvmb.Yf tuj cfqnt ghtlcnfdktys cktleñobt hfpltks:jykfqyjdfz åfpf lfyysö ≤AfpthKbn≥, åfps lfy-ysö gj ntreobv cjåsnbzv b ghjuhfvvfv, dtå-cfqn ≤Afpth äyl aävbkb kbyr≥, gthtxtym jåot-yfwbjyfkmysö htcehcjd d jåkfcnb bccktljdf-ybz b hfpdbnbz gjybvfybz aeyrwbq jnwjdcndf,f nfrét djpvjéyjcnzv nheljecnhjqcndf.

Yfwbjyfkmysq wtynh byajhvfwbb j ltncrbö

exhtéltybzö

http://nccic.org/Änjn wtynh pfybvftncz cjdthitycndjdfybtv bghjgfufylbhjdfybtv cbcntvs ltncrbö exhtélt-ybq b cnhtvbncz r njve, xnjås dct ltnb b ctvmbbvtkb ljcneg r dscjrjrfxtcndtyysv eckeufvgjljåyjuj hjlf. Änjn ghjtrn jceotcndkztncz gjbybwbfnbdt Åñhj ltncrbö exhtéltybq Vbybc-nthcndf plhfdjjöhfytybz b cjwbfkmysö ckeéåCIF.

Yfwbjyfkmysq cjdtn gj ctvtqysv jnyjitybzv

http://www.ncfr.com/Vbccbz Yfwbjyfkmyjuj cjdtnf gj ctvtqysv jnyjitybzv pfrkñxftncz d njv, xnjås åsnm≤ajhevjv, ult cgtwbfkbcns gj ghjåktvfv ct-vmb, gtlfujub b ghfrnbrb vjukb ås jåvtybdfnm-cz vytybzvb j ghbjåhtntybb b hfcghjcnhfyt-ybb pyfybq j ctvmt b ctvtqysö jnyjitybzö...≥.Rhjvt njuj, änf jhufybpfwbz dsgecrftn ldf yf-exysö éehyfkf – ≤Léjhyäk ja vähhblé äylaävbkb≥ b ≤Aävbkb hbktqiyp≥, f nfrét rybub,felbj- b dbltjpfgbcb b extåyst gjcjåbz. Jyfzdkztncz cgjycjhjv tétujlyjq rjyathtywbb,ghjgfufylbhetn ghjcdtotybt d djghjcfö ct-vtqyjq ébpyb b cjltqcndetn lbfkjue vtélecgtwbfkbcnfvb, bcgjkmpez lkz änjuj cfvst hfp-kbxyst chtlcndf, drkñxfz lfyyeñ dtå-cnhfybwe.

Wtynh Fkmahtlf Ckjeyf: hjlbntkb, ltnb

b hfåjnf

http://www.spc.uchicago.edu/orgs/sloan/Änjn cjplfyysq ghb Xbrfucrjv eybdthcbntntwtynh bpexftn dkbzybt afrnf hfåjns hjlbntktqyf cfvbö hjlbntktq, ltntq b ctvtqyeñ ébpym.Yf änjv dtå-cfqnt vjéyj yfqnb cgbcrb ctvbyf-hjd, geåkbrfwbq, hfåjxbö ljrkfljd, ghtptynf-wbq, f nfrét ccskrb yf lheubt cfqns.

Fccjwbfwbz fvthbrfycrbö ctvtq c ghbtvysvb

ltnmvb (FFCGL)

http://www.stepfam.org/Rybub, jåhfpjdfntkmyst vfnthbfks, byajhvf-wbz j pfobnt ghfd ghbtvysö hjlbntktq b cjåsnbzö, afrnfö, rjynfrnfö, ghjuhfvvfv b eckeufö. FFCGL – änj yfwbjyfkmyfz jhufybpf-wbz, ghtljcnfdkzñofz eckeub gj jåextybñ, gjl-ujnjdrt b gjllthért ctvtq c ghbtvysvb ltnm-vb b cgtwbfkbcnjd, rjnjhst hfåjnfñn c ybvb.

Åñhj gthtgbcb yfctktybz CIF

http://www.census.gov/Dtå-cfqn Åñhj gthtgbcb yfctktybz ghtljcnfd-kztn jykfqyjdsq ljcneg r cdjbv lfyysv, geåkbrfwbzv, ghjlerwbb b ghjuhfvvfv. Jcdt-ofñncz nfrbt ntvs, rfr ltnb, ljvjöjpzqcndf bctvmb, djcgbnfybt ltntq, ltleirb, åfåeirb bdyerb. Nfrét ghtlcnfdktys cjwbjkjubxtcrbt b ltvjuhfabxtcrbt ghjuyjps d jnyjitybb ljvjöjpzqcnd b ctvtq.

Eghfdktybt gj ltkfv ltntq b ctvtq

Vbybcnthcndf plhfdjjöhfytybz b

cjwbfkmysö ckeéå CIF (ELLC)

http://www.acf.dhhs.gov/Yf änjq cnhfybwt ELLC, rjnjhjt jndtxftn pfatlthfkmyst ghjuhfvvs, gjllthébdfñobtärjyjvbxtcrjt b cjwbfkmyjt åkfujgjkexbt ctvmb, ltntq, uhfélfy b yfctktybz, ghtljcnfdkz-tn ljcneg r byajhvfwbb, yjdjcnzv b cnfnbcnb-xtcrbv lfyysv gj ibhjrjve rheue ntv, yfxb-yfz jn ecsyjdktybz b pfrfyxbdfz djcgbnfybtvvjkjltéb.

Åñhj gj ltkfv étyoby Vbybcnthcndf nhelf

CIF

http://www.dol.gov/dol/wb/Yf änjv ujcelfhcndtyyjv exhtéltybb ktébn≤jndtncndtyyjcnm jncnfbdfnm ghfdf nhelzoböczétyoby b byajhvbhjdfnm jåotcndtyyjcnm bcfvbö étyoby jå bö ghfdfö b djghjcfö pfyz-njcnb≥. Chtlb ghtlcnfdktyysö yf änjq cnhfybwtvyjujxbcktyysö htcehcjd – hfpltk, gjcdzoty-ysq ltncrbv exhtéltybzv b eöjle pf ghtcnfht-ksvb. Åñhj gj ltkfv étyoby nfrét gjllthéb-dftn ltzntkmyjcnm byajhvfwbjyyjuj wtynhf gjdjghjcfv hfåjns b ctvmb.

≤Cgtwbfkmyj lkz hfåjnfñobö vfnthtq≥

http://www.momsrefuge.com/Jcyjdfntkmybwf ghjtrnf ≤Cgtwbfkmyj lkz hfåj-nfñobö vfnthtq≥ ujdjhbn: ≤Vtyz lfdyj djkyj-dfkj nj, xnj dj ≤Dctvbhyjq gfenbyt≥ ytn cfqnf,rjnjhsq ltqcndbntkmyj hfccrfpsdfk ås jåjvyt b j vjtq ébpyb. Gjänjve z ghbukfcbkf änjbvghjdbpbhjdfyyjt cjjåotcndj hfåjnfñobövfnthtq gjvjxm vyt cjplfnm lfyysq cfqn... Jyzdkztncz ljvjv lkz dctö ntö bp yfc, rnj ébdtncevfnjiyjq ébpymñ, gsnfzcm ltqcndjdfnm chfpeyf vyjubö ahjynfö≥. Ghtlcnfdktyyst htcehcsjödfnsdfñn nfrbt djghjcs, rfr ctvmz, ghjatc-cbjyfkmyfz rfhmthf, vfnthb-jlbyjxrb, vytybzjnwjd b yjdjcnb. ■


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ZZYDFHMYDFHM 20012001

CIF: JÅOTCNDJ ‡ WTYYJCNBFVTFVTHBRHBRFYCFYCRRFFZZ

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Documents

CIF: J†OTCNDJ à WTYYJCNB leidiniai/eJournal/ob_11.pdf · HFPVSIHFPVSIKTYBZKTYBZ J CTVMTJ CTVMT CIF: J†OTCNDJ B WTYYJCNB/ZYDFHM 2001 U. 5 L eukfc †tifhjd eltkztn jcj„jt dybvfybt