Clauses of contrast

Autor: Mgr. Kateřina Kozlová

Předmět

Inovace výuky na Gymnáziu Otrokovice formou DUMůCZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0488

112. června 2013

A) Přípustkové spojky, po kterých následuje vedlejší věta (podmět + přísudek)

Although Though Even though they invited him, he didn´t come.Even ifIn spite of the fact that Despite the fact that

Although it was too late, he decided to call her.Though the concert was sold out, we managed to get two tickets.Even if you gave me a million, I wouldn´t reveal the secret.

212. června 2013

= ačkoli, ač, i když, i kdyby, navzdory tomu, že…

B) Přípustkové spojky, po kterých následuje nominální konstrukce (pod.jm., gerundium)despitein spite of

Despite the weather was bad, they went for a trip.Despite the bad weather, they went for a trip.Despite the fact that the weather was bad, they went for a trip.

In spite of she was tired, she continued working.In spite of being tired, she continued working.In spite of the fact that she was tired, she continued working.

Although it was cold, they went swimming.Despite cold weather, they went swimming.Despite being cold, they went swimming. (= Although they were cold, they went swimming.)

312. června 2013

= navzdory, přes…

C) However = avšak, však, ale (X but obvykle nebývá na začátku věty)- nespojuje věty v souvětí, odporuje tvrzení z předchozí věty- stojí zpravidla na začátku věty, odděluje se čárkou

Beethoven composed many outstanding works. However, he was almost totally deaf.He went to Germany to work there. However, he can´t speak German.(= Although he can´t speak German, he went to Germany to work there.)

D) Though = i když, ale; stojí na konci větyHe went to Germany to work there. He can´t speak German, though.My aunt made pizza with sea food for dinner. I hate sea food, though.

412. června 2013

E) No matter + WH- question words = složeniny s –EVER(nepoužívá se budoucí čas, ale přítomný jako ve větách čas. a podm.)No matter when = whenever you come back, I´ll wait for you.No matter who = whoever you talk to, don´t reveal the secret.No matter where = wherever you go, I´ll follow you.No matter which = whichever you borrow, bring it back tomorrow.No matter how = however I do it, it is always wrong.No matter what = whatever she did, I admire her.No matter why he did it, nobody believes him any more. (whyever se nepoužívá)

F) No matter if = whetherNo matter if you´re rich or poor = Whether you´re rich or poor, health is the only really valuable thing you have.

512. června 2013

G) Zkracování přípustkových větAlthough he is intelligent, Paul is sometimes very rude. = Although intelligent, Paul is sometimes very rude.

Even though she isn´t thin enough, Jane became a model. = Though not thin enough, Jane became a model.

Whether you´re old or young, you should avoid stress. = Whether old or young, you should avoid stress.

612. června 2013

H) Other types of clauses of contrast.

He may have lived in France for a long time, but he doesn´t speak French fluently.He might be an intelligent boy, nevertheless he has to prepare for school regularly.Though intelligent, she is nevertheless rather modest.He is often rude to me, but I like him nevertheless (= none the less).Heavy as the case may be, I´ll try to carry it.Much as I like him, I don´t agree with what he did.Late though it may be, I´ll try to ring him up.Dressed though he was in black, they didn´t let him in.

Cost what it may… = Ať to stojí cokoli…Be that as it may… = Ať tomu je jakkoli…Be he who he may… = Ať je kdokoli…

712. června 2013

I Complete the correct linking word: although, though, even though, even if, despite, in spite of, however

1) …………… they´re twins, one can recognize them quite well.2) …………… being ill, he went to work to finish the job.3) …………… the fact that we arrived a bit late, we didn´t miss

the beginning of the film.4) I´ll show you the photos. ……………, you may not like them.5) …………… my granny worked very hard, he didn´t earn a lot of

money.6) …………… the bad weather, we had a wonderful holiday.7) Tony was late again. He didn´t appologize, …………… .8) …………… the car was broke, he managed to start it.9) …………… the delay, we arrived in time.10) He answered the question. ……………, nobody asked him.

812. června 2013

Although

Even though

Despite

In spite of

However

Despite

though

AlthoughIn spite of

However

II Join the clauses using the right linking words

1) He has just graduated from university. He earns as much as his father.

2) He asked her several times. She didn´t say a word.3) They loved each other. They often quarrelled.4) He has repaired his motorbike. He still goes by bus to school.5) It is quite warm. You´re wearing a sweatshirt.6) They won the match. They didn´t play their best.7) We were sitting in the third row. We couldn´t see all the

stage.8) I don´t feel well. I´ve decided to take part in the competition.

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KEY II Join the clauses using the right linking words. Possible answers:1) Although he has just graduated from university, he earns as

much as his father.2) Even though he asked her several times, she didn´t say a

word.3) They loved each other. However, they often quarrelled.4) Despite having repaired his motorbike, he still goes by bus to

school.5) Even if it is quite warm, you´re wearing a sweatshirt.6) Although they won the match, they didn´t play their best.7) In spite of sitting in the third row, we couldn´t see all the

stage.8) Despite not feeling well, I´ve decided to take part in the

competition.12. června 2013 10

III Correct the sentences

1) No matter when fast you can run, he is better at sprint.2) In spite of the doctor arrived immediately, it was too late –

the patient had died.3) I´m feeling quite OK in spite of that I have been sleeping only

for four hours.4) Although having not enough money, they were thinking of a

holiday by the sea.5) Chinese is not an international language. However is spoken

by a large number of people. 6) Wherever you hear, don´t believe it.7) Despite being not healthy, he went to work.8) Even though the teacher explained it several times, however,

the students couldn´t understand it. 9) Weather it is rainy or snowy, they will play the match.

1112. června 2013

KEY III Correct the sentences

1) No matter when how fast you can run, he is better at sprint.2) In spite of Although the doctor arrived immediately, it was

too late – the patient had died.3) I´m feeling quite OK in spite of the fact that I have been

sleeping only for four hours.4) Although In spite of/Despite having not enough money, they

were thinking of a holiday by the sea.5) Chinese is not an international language. However, it is

spoken by a large number of people. 6) Wherever Whatever you hear, don´t believe it.7) Despite being not not being healthy, he went to work.8) Even though the teacher explained it several times, however,

the students couldn´t understand it. 9) Whether Weather it is rainy or snowy, they will play the

match.

1212. června 2013

IV Translate. Use different types of linking words.

1) Ať se zeptáš kohokoli, nikdo nezná správnou odpověď.2) Přijal tu práci, i když nebyla dobře placená.3) Ať si vyberete kterýkoli, budete spokojen.4) I když ten vlak byl nacpaný, podařilo se nám najít pár volných sedadel.5) Ačkoli je Petr členem sboru, málokdy tam chodí.6) Můžeš mu dát cokoli, vždycky ti bude vděčný.7) Měli bychom mu raději zavolat, i když asi dostal náš mail.8) Pracuje jako pokladní v obchodě, přestože absolvoval vysokou školu.9) Ať byl jeho telefon možná jakkoli drahý, nemyslím si, že ten můj je horší.10) Kdykoli přijede do Zlína, vždy nás navštíví.11) Ať se snažil, jak se snažil, nikdy nevyhrál.12) Přestože bylo docela chladno, užívali jsme si koupání v moři.13) Ať má na sobě cokoli, vždycky vypadá pěkně.14) I když to možná nebylo nutné, jsem rád, že jsem to udělal.15) Na olympiádě v Soči jsme získali osm medailí, přestože jsme neuspěli v

hokeji.1312. června 2013

IV Translate. Use different types of linking words. Possible answers.

1) Whoever you ask, nobody knows the right answer.2) He accepted the job, even though it wasn´t well-paid.3) Whichever you choose, you´ll be satisfied.4) Although the train was crowded (No matter how much crowded the train was),

we managed to find a few free seats.5) Despite being a memeber of the choir, Petr seldom comes there.6) Whatever you give him, he´ll always be greteful.7) We´d better call him, even if he might have got our e-mail.8) He works as a cashier, in spite of the fact that he has graduated from university.9) However expensive his phone might have been, I don´t think that mine is worse.10) Whenever he arrives in Zlín, he always visits us.11) No matter how hard he tried, he never won.12) Although it was quite cold, we enjoyed swimming in the sea.13) Whatever she wears, she always looks pretty.14) Even though it might not have been necessary, I´m glad, I´ve done it.15) We won eight medals in the Olympic Games in Soči. However, we didn´t succeed

in hockey.

1412. června 2013

15

Použité zdroje• TRYML, Sergej. Moderní učebnice anglické gramatiky pro středně pokročilé

a pokročilé. Praha: EKOPRESS, 1999. ISBN ISBN 80-86119-18-1.• CHUDÝ, Tomáš a CHUDÁ, Jana. Practise Your English Grammar. Havlíčkův

Brod: FRAGMENT, 1993. ISBN ISBN 80-901070-7-9.

Všechny objekty použité k vytvoření prezentace jsou součástí SW Microsoft Office nebo jsou vlastní originální tvorbou autora.

12. června 2013