Translation of Nominal Clauses

名词性从句的翻译By PYSH

名词性从句主语从句

宾语从句

表语从句

同位语从句

主语从句

由代词 what, whatever,

whoever等引导的主语从句“It” 作为形式主语

1) 由代词 what, whatever, whoever等引导的主语从句，一般按原句顺序翻译

What he told me was a sheer lie.他对我说的全是谎言。 Whatever I saw and heard on my trip

left me a very deep impression.一路上所见所闻给我留下了十分深刻的印象。

Whoever has made a trip to Mt. Huangshan must remember the clouds there.

凡是去过黄山的人都不会忘记那里的云。

2) “It” 作为形式主语翻译时可以提前，也可以不提前

It doesn‘t make much difference to me whether you come or not.

你来不来我不在乎。 It seemed incredible that she should

have lied to us.她居然对我们说谎，这真是不可思议。 It is strange that she should have failed

to see her own shortcomings.真奇怪，她竟然没有看出自己的缺点。

宾语从句

以 that, what, how引导的宾语从句

以 it作形式宾语的宾语从句

1) 以 that, what, how引导的宾语从句一般按原句顺序翻译

I told him that I had to turn him down.我告诉他我不得不拒绝他。 Did you hear what I said?你没听见我的话吗？ I told him how appealing I found the

offer.我告诉他，这个机会对我有着多么大的吸引力。

Continued

He would never let the history books say of him that he had been content to sit on the sidelines, to be a gentle, leisurely president, letting events take their course.

他决不肯让将来的史书说他甘当一个袖手旁观、温和懒散、听任事情发展的总统。

2) 以 it作形式宾语的宾语从句一般按原句顺序翻译， it可不译出

I made it clear to them that they must hand in their papers before 10 o’clock in the morning.

我明确地告诉他们，论文必须在上午十点之前交。

Anyhow, old chap, I owe it to you that I am here.

不管怎么说，老伙计，我现在还能站在这儿，全靠你。

表语从句，一般按原句顺序翻译

This is where the shoe pinches.这正是问题的症结所在。 Things are not always as they seem to be.事物并不总是如其表象。 What he emphasized again and again was

that no matter how difficult it might be, they should never retreat even for an inch.

他再三强调的就是，不管多困难，决不后退半步。

One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on.

难题之一在于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。

同位语从句保持原本的语序译为类似定语的结构或独成一句加入冒号、破折号和“这样”、“这一”、“即”等字眼

改变原文的同位语结构，用汉语的无主句或其他方式译出

1) 保持原本的语序He expressed the hope that he would

come over to visit China again.他表示希望能再来中国访问。As an obedient son, he had accepted

his father’s decision that he was to be a doctor, though the prospect didn’t interest him at all.

作为一个孝顺儿子，他接受了父亲的决定，去当医生，虽然他对这样的前途毫无兴趣可言。

2) 译为类似定语的结构或独立句 But I knew I couldn’t trust him. There

was the possibility that he was a political swindler.

但我知道不能轻信他。他是政治骗子这种可能性还是存在的。

It does not alter the fact that he is the man responsible for the delay.

迟延应由他负责，这个事实是改变不了的。

3) 加入冒号、破折号和“这样”、“这一”、“即”等字眼

But considering realistically, we had to face the fact that our prospects were less than good.

但在实事求是地考虑一番之后，我们不得不正视这样一个事实：我们的前景并不妙。

Influenced by these ethics, the new generation live under the delusion that money does not stink.

受这种道德观念的影响，青年一代生活在这样一种错觉中，以为金钱总是香喷喷的。

4) 改变原文的同位语结构，用汉语的无主句或其他方式译出

An order has been given that the researchers who are now in the skylab should be sent back.

已命令将现在仍在太空实验室的研究人员送回地球。

Even the most precisely conducted experiments offer no hope that the result can be obtained without any error.

即使是最精确的实验，也没有希望获得无任何误差的实验结果。