Cloud Computing --A China View

Nie Hua

聶華

Peking University LibraryOCLC Asia Pacific Regional Council 2nd Membership Conference

September 6–7, 2010

Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan

云里雾里In the Cloud in the mist

• Why we talk about it?

– Background & Trends

• What is it?

– Definitions & Features

• What do we do with it?

– Cloud Computing @ Libraries

Computing Paradigm:Distributed computing, Parallel Computing and grid computing; even P2P……

Via Google Search Trends

Via Google Search Trends

Forecasts: From Business Perspective

• IDC: “spending on IT cloud services will triple in the next 5 years, reaching $42 billion & capturing 25% of IT spending growth in 2012 and nearly a third of growth the following year. With the overall IT market spend being $383 billion, this kind of growth validates that the opportunity deserves the attention it is getting” --IDC 2008

• Forrester: “……that cloud computing is one of the Top 15 Technology Trends and that it warrants investment now so you can gain the experience necessary to take advantage of it in its many forms to transform your organization into a more efficient and responsive service provider to the business.”

--Forrester Research, October 13, 2009

Forecast: From Technology Perspective

#1 Strategic Technology Area for 2010 Source: Gartner’s Hype Cycle for 2009

Peak of the inflated

expectation=

期望膨胀顶峰期

Major Players’ Cloud Computing Services

Google

IBM

Microsoft

AmazonMOSSO

Force.com

Cordys

• Why we talk about it?

– Background & Trends

• What is it?

– Definitions & Features

• What do we do with it?

– Cloud Computing @ Libraries

Good Luck!

Anonymous: “[…] unfortunately the marketing guys got hold of the term before the technicians had known what Cloud Computing is[…]

What is cloud computing? --Wikipedia Definition

• Why it is called “Cloud”? --The term cloud is used as a metaphorfor the Internet, based on the cloud drawing used to depict the Internet in computer network diagrams as an abstraction of the underlying infrastructure it represents.

• Cloud Computing: .... Internet- ("cloud-") based development and use of computer technology ("computing"). In concept, it is a paradigm shift whereby details are abstracted from the users who no longer have need of, expertise in, or control over the technology infrastructure "in the cloud" that supports them. Cloud computing describes a new supplement, consumption and delivery model for IT services based on the Internet, and it typically involves the provision of dynamically scalable and often virtualized resources as a service over the Internet.

• Resource (all kinds of IT services over the Internet) as a service

What is cloud computing? --Some more serious definitions

• McKinsey: “Clouds are hardware-based services offering compute, network and storage capacity where: Hardwaremanagement is highly abstracted from the buyer, Buyers incur infrastructure costs as variable OPEX(operational expenditure), and Infrastructure capacity is highly elastic”--Concept: hardware/infrastructure as a service--Keywords：abstracted, elastic

• FZI (Jens Nimis)：”Building on compute and storage virtualization, cloud computing provides scalable, network-centric, abstracted IT infrastructure, platforms, and applications as on-demand services that are billed by consumption.” --Concept: Infrastructure, Platform and Applications (software) as a services--Keywords：scalable, network centric, abstracted, on-demand, billed by consumption

So……A new way to play with computer and Internet

Some Simplified Concepts to remember:

• Cloud=Internet• Cloud Computing=Everything as a Service(XaaS)

– Standard Layers:• Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)• Platform as a Service (PaaS)• Software as a Service (SaaS)

– Extra Layers:• Human as a Service• Administration/Business Support

More:DaaS, VaaS,

IDaas, FWaaS,HuaaS,

And more……

7 types of Cloud Services

1. IaaS

2. PaaS

3. SaaS

4. Cloud web service

5. MPS (Management Service Provider)

6. BSP (Business Service Platform)

7. Network Integration

XaaS

Infrastructure as a Serviceor Utility Computing

• To provide user computing resources and storage comprised with many servers as an on-demand and “pay per use” service: Data Center, Bandwidth, Private Line Access, Servers and Server Room, Firewall, Storage space …..

• Examples:

– Amazon：EC2 (ElasticComputeCloud)– Rackspace: cheaper than EC2 www.rackspace.com

– China 21vianet（世纪互联）： www.21vianet.com

IaaS

世纪互联

: Platform as a Service

• Bundles all stack components (hardware, infrastructure, storage) together with database, security, workflow, user interface, and other tools that allow users to create and host powerful business applications, web sites, and mobile apps.

• Examples：

– Sales force：http://www.force.com

– 800APP(八百客)： http://www.800app.com

PaaS

SaaS ：Software as a Service

• A model of software deployment over the internet. Provider licenses an application to customers as a service on demand, either through a time subscription or a “pay-as-you-go” model.

• SaaS allows vendors to develop, host and operate software for customer use. Rather than purchase the hardware and software to run an application, customers need only to download the application to run it.

• SaaS deployed initially for sales force automation and customer relationship management (CRM), its use has become commonplace by businesses for tasks such as computerized billing, invoicing, human resource management, service desk management, and sales pipeline management, even Library management applications.

• SaaS developed rapidly and brought big challenges for the traditional software industry.

SaaS

$50 per user per year

Summary： Benefits of a Cloud:

• Reduce capital expense – Less upfront hardware costs

• Reduce operational expense – Free your IT resources from infrastructure administration

• Improve security – worry free

• Pay per use – no extra investment

• Faster time to value – Rapid development and instant deployment

• Improve resource productivity – Build more apps, more quickly, and free up developers for new projects

• Reduce integration costs – Every new app built on the platform is designed for easy Web services integration

I

I

I

SP

IaaS

P

P

P

P

PaaS

IS

SS

SaaS

S

S

S

P

P

Summary：Qualities of a Cloud

• On-Demand• Lowered requirement to call-ahead forecasts• Demand trends are predicted by the provider

• Self service • Resources directly/indirectly reserved with a GUI or API

• Measured Service or Usage-metered (i.e. an operating expense)• Pay-by-the-drink or over time, not up front

• Elastic Scalability • Grow or shrink resources as required rapidly

• Mandatory and Ubiquitous Network• The network is essential to consume the service

IaaS PaaS SaaS

• Why we talk about it?– Background & Trends

• What is it? – Terminologies & Definitions & More

• What do we do with it? – Cloud Computing @ Libraries

Cloud Computing @ Libraries：XaaS from Commercial Services

• District of Columbia Public Library：Amazon’s EC2 service to host website; Amazon’s S3 service to backup ILS, Flickr and Amazon EC2 for upcoming digital repository, and the District adopts the GAPE version of Gmail as its mail platform.

• Western State College in Gunnison, Colorado：Google’s App Engine for ELibrary, also migrated other databases to this service.

• Others：Google Docs to collect responses to web forms；Google Calendar for instruction and meeting rooms, and Google Analytics to collect statistics about their website, catalog and blogs.

IaaS

PaaS

SaaS

Cloud Computing @ Libraries：DaaS from Publishers & Aggregators

SaaS from Traditional & Non-Traditional ILS Vendors

• SirsiDynix: Symphony－ILS system• Exlibris:

– Primo Discovery & Delivery Interface• Several libraries in East-North China purchased Primo SaaS

– Primo Central• Serials Solution:

– Discovery Interface: Aquabrowser• Launch SaaS version on March 2010……While Current customers will

continue to be supported, new customers will be offered SaaS ONLY…..

– Web-Scale Discovery (Layer): Summon • Launch on July 2009, hosted SaaS service ONLY• Architect it like Google and other Open Web solutions• 6,200+ publishers represented；96,000+ journals at the article-level,

most full-text searchable；500,000,000+ items indexed

SaaS ?DaaS ?

OSS & SaaS: LibLime

• Koha：OSS ILS – $299 per year, installation and hosting, up to 75,000

records– Free OSS community support, based on 1000+ Koha library

and LibLime created documentations – Free 30 days trial

• ‡Biblios.net：– browser-based cataloging service– data store containing over thirty-million records，

the world's largest repository of freely-licensed library records

– Social Cataloging? DaaS? Free!

OCLC Web-Scale

• The end of ILS era ?

……We will know soon.

IR:“Open technologies for durable digital content”

• To Libraries, universities, research centers, cultural heritage orgs

• Ensure digital heritage accessible over long term, durable & Usable

• It applies Open source & cloud-based technologies & hosted service (SaaS)

• LC sponsored pilot program, from July 2009-Spr. 2010, 3 partners (NYPL), provide data includes images, video, text in many formats, to test the cloud storage capability

cloud computing in libraries in China-- Example 1：CSLN

• CSLN: Chinese special library network

• A Commercial SaaS provider for libraries, vendors, bookstores and end users

• Browser based ILS: union catalog searching, cataloging,

acquisition, and more….Kai Yuan City Public Library in Yun Nan

Cloud computing in libraries in China-- Example 2：CALIS’ Cloud Services

• China Academic Library and Information System• To apply open source & cloud-based technologies to:

– Build and integrate IaaS to reduce member libraries’ capital and operational expense & ensure security

– Develop cloud & Open Social based resource sharing platform by providing standard and open gadgets and supporting dual integration with local application of member libraries.

– Provide integrated data service by adapting OAI-ORE & Linking data model

– CALIS’ to member libraries: ILL, Online Ref., Reserves, Thesis & Disertations, etc.

IaaS

PaaS

SaaSDaaS

CALIS’ Cloud Platform Model

The Philosophy of Cloud Computing

• 大方无隅，大象无形。～～《道德经》by 老子 Lao ZiThere‘s no way to describe the transcendence, like there’s no limits to a universe.

• 大人物其实没有时间去做任何琐事，他仅仅坐在那里，成就大业。A big man has no time really to do anything but just sit and be big. ～～By F. Scott Fitzgerald

• 云计算将之归于无形，一切皆隐于云中，无形，无音，无象，却实乃至大之象，至强之音，至激之流。 Cloud Computing：everything in the cloud, no shape, no sound, no image, but actually the biggest image, strongest sound, and rapidest wave.

Some References：• http://www.serialssolutions.com/news-detail/serials-solutions-launches-aquabrowser-saas-

version/• http://www.liblime.com/products• http://duraspace.org/duracloud.php• http://www.libraryjournal.com/article/CA669577.html#• Cloud Computing Use Cases, A white paper produced by the Cloud Computing Use Case

Discussion Group, 31 July 2009, Dustin Amrhein, et al. http://www.cloudbook.net/cloud-computing-use-cases-group

• Katarina Stanoevska-Slabeva, Thomas Wozniak, and Santi Ristol, Grid and Cloud Computing, a Business Perspective on Technology and Applications, Springer, 2010

• Michael Miller, Cloud Computing, Web-based Applications that change the Way You Work and Collaborate Online. 云计算，姜进磊等译，机械工业出版社，2009

• Peter Finger， Dot Cloud, the 21st Century Bussiness Platform Built on Cloud Computing, 云计算，21世纪的商业平台，王灵俊译，电子工业出版社，2009

• 王鹏，《云计算的关键技术与应用实例》，人民邮电出版社，2010• 胡晓箐，云计算@图书馆，PPT，

http://docs.google.com/present/view?id=dcgrp5vd_787grctcrm• 王文清, 陈凌, 朱强, CALIS数字图书馆云服务平台模型, 大学图书馆学报，待发表。