CMBkTI 4 begáItRbtiTinkargarkñúgplitkmµsMNg; · 5/6/2015 · RbtTnkargarCanic©CakalRtUvsEmþgCaragKnstag ¬Rkahk b DIya:Rkam¦. eyagelI lkçN³rbs;sNg nig tMrUvkarrbs;lnaM]sSahkmµkarbgðajRkhk

CMBUkTI 4 RKb;RKgsMNg;

eroberogeday³ sYs cMerIn begáItRbtiTinkargarkñúgplitkmµsMNg;

39

CMBUkTI 4 begáItRbtiTinkargarkñúgplitkmµsMNg;

I. tYnaTI nig xwømsarénkarbegIátEpnkartamry³eBl ¬RbtiTinkargar¦ sMNg;sIuvilnig]sSahkmµ k_dUcCa bNþaplitkmµepSg²eTot cg;sMerc)anTisedA

dak;ecj KWRtUvmanEpnkarN_plitkmµCak;c,as;. EpnkarplitkmµmYy

RtYv)anpSaP¢ab; CamYyGk½Sry³eBlmYy eyIgeGayeQµaHfa Epnkartamry³eBl b¤

RbtiTinkargar. dUcenH RbtiTinkargar KWCa Epnkar)anpSaP¢ab;nigRbtiTinkt;ehtukarN_.

ral;Epñkrbs;RbtiTinkargar RtUv)anP¢ab;eedayGk½S ry³eBlkMNt;mYy.

kardæansMNg;dMeNIrkar)an Kwedaysarsßab½nsg;tMeLIgeRcIn rYmCamYynig

karcUlrYmrbs;GñkvinieyaK/ GñkKNna/ shRKaspÁt;pÁg;eRKOgcRkbrikçar nig

bNþaRbePTFnFanepSg² >>> . dUcenH sagsg;sMNg;mYy KWCaRbBn§½bBa¢amYy

sµúKsµaj/ FMNas;. eRBaHkñúgRbBn½§RKb;RKgmaneRcInEpñkNas; ehIycMNg

Tak;TgrvagBYkva mankarsaMjauMNas;Edr. PaBsµúKsµajTaMgbrimaNTaMgsßanPaB

rbs;va manlkçN³ERbRbYl nig RseBcRsBil. dUcenH kñúgkarsagsg;sMNg;min

GacGHGagb¤bBa¢aedaydac;xat)aneT b:uEnþvamanlkçN³Rbhak;RbEhl. edIm,I

sagsg;sMNg;mYy RtUvmanKMrUviTüasaRsþRtYtRta/ bNþalMnaMRKb;RKg nig

cg¥úlbgðajkargarsagsg;. KMrUenaHeyIgk¾GacehAfa RbtiTinkargarkñúgplitkmµ

sMNg;pgEdr.



40

eBlsagsg;sMNg;mYyRtUvGnuvtþbNþalMnaMsagsg;eRcInNas; eRBaHvamanTMnak;TMng

s¥itrmYtenAkñúgTIlMMh nig ry³eBlkMNt; ehIyk¾GaRs½ynigRBMEdnrbs;FnFan.

dUcenH TisedAénkarbegáItRbtiTinkargar KwbegáItKMrUplitkmµmYy/ kñúgenaH

manerobcMlMdab;kargar eRkaymkFanasagsg;sMNg;kúñgry³eBlxIø/ mantMélTab/

KuNPaBx<s;.

TisedAenHGacCakarCak;EsþgmandUcxageRkam³

1> bBa©b; nig dak;bNþalMdab;kargarsagsg;sMNg;tamEpñknimYy² k_dUcCasrub

elIsMNg;TaMgmUl eGayeFIVskmµPaBRtwmRtUvtamry³eBlkMNt;.

2> eRbIR)as;smRsbeRKOgcRkbrikçar.

3> bnßyry³eBlraMgsÞHFnFanEdlminTan;eRbIR)as;.

4> begáItEpnkareRbIR)as;RbesIr sMrab;mUldæansMPar³bec©keTsbMerIkar

sagsg;.

5> pÁt;pÁg;Tan;eBlbNþadMeNaHRsayEdlmanRbeyaCn_ edIm,IGnuvtþn_sagsg;

sMNg;.

RbtiTinkargarCanic©CakalRtUvsEmþgCaragKMnUstag ¬RkahVik b¤ DIya:Rkam¦.

eyagelI lkçN³rbs;sMNg; nig tMrUvkarrbs;lMnaM]sSahkmµkarbgðajRkhiVk

GacsEmþgeRkamrag epþk/ eRTt/ bNþaj ehIynwgBiBN’nalMGitenAGtßbTemeron

eRkaybnþeTot.

Casegçb/ RbtiTinkargar KWCaEpnkarplitkmµEdlsEmþgedayRkahiVk

kñúgenaHbgðajBIxøwmsarEdlrYmman³ Tinñn½yKNna/ bNþadMeNaHRsayGnuvtþkñúg



41

dMeNIrkarsagsg;rYmman³ lMnaM]sSahkmµ/ ry³eBl/ TItaMg/ tYnaTI nig

brimaNénbNþakargarsagsg;CamYylkçN³xNÐGnuvtþrYm.

RbtiTinkargar KWCaEmkFagEdlminGacpþac;ecjBI KNnaRKb;RKg nig KNna

RKb;RKgsagsg; .

RbtiTinkargarsMrab; KNnaRKb;RKgsMNg; EdlteTAeyIgehAkat;fa RbtiTin

kargarRKb;RKgsMNg; EdlbegáItedaysßab½nTIRbwkSaKMerag EdlrYmman³ KNna/

eRtomsg;tMelIg/ kic©snüapÁt;pÁg;eRKOgcRk/ brikçar/ pþl;Éksarr)aykarN_bMerI

sagsg; nig naMsMNg;cUleFIVskmµPaB. RkahVikRbtiTinkargar ebICasMNg;

tUctaceyIgGacbgðajedaybnÞat;epþk/ ebICasMNg;FM² eyIgbgðajedayDIya:Rkam

bNþaj. kñúgRbtiTinkargar bNþakargarbgðajeRkamragTUeTA/ kargareRcIn

rbs;sMNg;)anRbmUleLIgvijEdlbgðajedaykargarsrubmYy. kñúgRbtiTin

kargarsrub RtUvcg¥úlbgðajBIry³eBlsMxan;²dUcCa dMNak;kalsagsg;/ éf¶bBa©b;

rbs;lMdab;kargarnimYy²/ eBlevlapÁt;pÁg;eRKOgcRk/ brikçareGaysMNg; nig

éf¶sMercelIkargarTaMgmUl.

RbtiTinkargarkñúg KNnaRKb;RKgsagsg;sMNg; EdlteTAeyIgehAkat;fa

RbtiTinkargarRKb;RKgsagsg; EdlCatYnaTIGñkemA:karGnuvtþn_ CamYynigkar

cUlrYmrbs;GñkvinieyaKTn;rg. kñúgenaHbgðajBIkargareRtom/ sMNg;beNþaHGasnñ/

sMNg;sMxan; nig ry³eBlnaMkargarnimYy²eGayeFIVskmµPaB. RbtiTinkargar

RKb;RKgsagsg; GacsEmþgedaybnÞat;epþk b¤ bNþaj. RbtiTinkargar

RKb;RKgsagsg;srub begáIteLIgedayEp¥kelIbNþaÉktasMNg;. bNþaÉkkþasMNg;

eBlcgP¢ab;CamYyKña KWEp¥kelIkarlMnaM]sSahkmµ nig bMerIbMras;FnFan.



42

kñúgRbtiTinkargar bNþakargarsg;tMelIgRtUv)ankMNt;lMGitRbePTnimYy²/

brimaNtamKNnarbs;KNnasagsg;. ry³eBlkMNt; edIm,IsMerclMdab;kargar

nig elIsMNg;TaMgmUlRtUveGaysIunig RbtiTinkargarRKb;RKgsMNg;.

RbtiTinkargarsagsg;sMNg; eRbIedIm,Icg¥úlbgðasagsg;sMNg;/ edIm,IvaytMél

PaBlMeGogrvagkargarCak;Esþg nig EpnkarN_)anbegáIt. ebIPaBlMeGogrvag

plikmµ nig Epnkar FMeBkdl;kMritNamYyenaH RtUvbegáItRbtiTinkargareLIgvij.

begáItRbtiTinkargarfµI edayEp¥kelIsßanPaBCak;EsþgkñúgxN³eBlenaH dUcenH

eyIgrkSa)anTisedAmUldæan/ ebImanPaBlMeGogkan;EttUckan;Etl¥/ CaBiess

KWry³eBlsagsg;.

II. bNþaCMhanbegáItRbtiTinkargar RbRktiTinkargarsagsg; RtUv)anbegáItedayEp¥kelITinñn½y nig KNnarbs;KNna

RKb;RKgsMNg; b¤ KNnaRKb;RKgsagsg; CamYyniglT§plsikSabEnßmmYycMnYn

EdlGaRs½ynigcMNucBiessrbs;kardæan. kñúgbNþaTinñn½yTaMgenaH/ CaBiess

ykcitþTukdak;dl;ry³eBlkMNt;rbs;lMdab;kargarsMNg; nig kardæansMNg;

TaMgmUl.

edIm,IRbtiTinkargarbegáIt)anelOn ehIybMeBj)antMrUvkardak;ecj nig man

lkçN³smRsb/ Gñkbec©keTsRtUvGnuvtþn_bNþaCMhan dUcxageRkam.

1> viPaKlMnaM]sSahkmµsagsg;sMNg;.

2> begáItlMdab;kargarEdlnwgGnuvtþnsg;tMeLIgsMNg;.

3> kMNt;brimaNkargartamlMdab;kñúgtarag.



43

4> eRCIserIsviFIsaRsþbec©keTssagsg;eGaybNþakargar.

5> kMNt;cMNayBlkmµ ¬ éf¶Blkmµ¦ nig eRKOgcRk ¬evneRKOgcRk¦.

6> kMNt;ry³eBlsagsg; nig tMrUvkarFnFan.

7> begáItRbtiTinkargarmUldæan.

8> kMNt;lkçN³esdækic©bec©keTs.

9> eRbobeFobtMrUvkarrbs;RbtiTinkargarEdleTIbbegáIt CamYyTisedA

dak;ecj.

10> eFIVeGayRbesIrRbtiTinkargartamTinñn½yGaTiPaB.

11> RbtiTinkargarmankarTTYlsÁal;.

12> begIþttaragtMrUvkarFnFan.

tamrUbPaB 2>1 bNþaCMhanGnuvtþbgðajtamlMdab;erog LOGIC .

III.1. viPaKlMnaM]sSahkmµ KWCaCMhandMbUg b:uEnþCaCMhansMxan;Nas;. vakMNt;TiseGaybNþadMeNaHRsay

lMnaM]sSahkmµEdlnwgeRCIserIsCaeRkay. cg;viPaK)anlMnaM]sSahkmµsMNg;

RtUvEp¥kelI KNna]sSahkmµ/ sßabtükmµ nig eRKOgbgÁMúrbs;sMNg;. viPaK

lT§PaBsagsg;sMNg;elIlkçN³eRCIserIslMnaM]sSahkmµ GnuvtþbNþalMnaM

sagsg;smRsb nig PaBcaM)ac;eRKOgcRk nig sMPar³sMNg;bMerIsagsg;.

karviPaK]sSahkmµplitcab;epþImtaMgEtBI KNnasMNg; Edlmansßab½n

TIRbwkSaKMerageFIVCaRbFan nig mankarBiPakSaCamYyGñkGnuvtþn_sagsg;/



44

Start

viPaKlMnaM]sSahkmµsagsg;sMNg;

begáItlMdab;kargar

kMNt;brimaN

eRCIserIsviFIsaRsþbec©keTs

kMNt;cMNayBlkmµ / eRKOgcRk

kMNt;ry³eBlsagsg;/ tMrUvkarFnFan

begáItRbtiTinkargarmUldæan

kMNt;lkçN³esdækic©bec©keTs

eFIVeGayRbesIrRbtiTinkargar

eRbobeFobtMrUvkardak;ecj

RbtiTinkargarmankarTTYlsÁal;

begIþttaragtMrUvkarFnFan

End

+

-

rUbPaB 2>1> bNþaCMhanbegáItRbtiTinkargar



45

CYnkalmanTaMgeyabl;rbs;PaKITak;TgepSg² dUcCa m©as;pþl;edImTun/

sßab½nmanPar³pÁt;pÁg; eRKOgcRk/ brikçaeGaysMNg; k_dUcCabMerIsagsg;.

karshkarN_rvagKñaRKb;lkçN³ nwgbegáIt)anCMerIs]sSahkmµ ¬sagsg;enA

nigkEnøg b¤ cab;tMelIg/ eRbIR)as;sMPar³kñúgRsuk b¤ eRkARsuk/

dMeNaHRsayRKwH/ eRKOgbgÁúMrgkMlaMg/ bMBak;eRKOgsgðarwm¦. eRkayeBl)an

eRCIserIslMnaM]sSahkmµsagsg; eyIgbnþkareFIVviPaKlMnaM]sSahkmµenaH.

viPaKlMnaM]sSahkmµsagsg; edIm,IbegáItRbtiTinkargarEdlsßab½n sg;tMeLIg

Gnuvtþ ehIymankarcUlrYmrbs;sßab½neRkambgÁb;. karviPaKlkçN³plitkmµ

edIm,Iyl;c,as;lMnaM]sSahkmµsagsg; eFIVeGaybNþasßab½nGnuvtþ kan;kab;

hµt;ct;elIkargar nig nwgmanviFIsaRsþbec©keTssmRsb. viFIsaRsþGnuvtþ

mYycMnYn GnuBaØat)anEtsMerckargarbEnßmlMnaM]sSahkmµ Edl)aneRCIserIs/

ral;sMPar³pøas;bþÚrmineFIVeGayfyKuNPaBsMNg; >>>> sMxan;bMput KW mineFIV

eGaybnøayeBlevlasagsg;.

III.2. begáItlMdab;kargar Ep¥keTAnigkarviPaKlMnaM]sSahkmµplitkmµ nig bNþakarKNnakñúgKMerag.

kargarTaMgGs;kñúglMdab;kargar nwgRtUv)anbgðajelIRbtiTinkargar. dUcenH

karEckEpñkbNþalMnaMCabNþakargarRtUvsmmUlniglkçxNÐdUcxageRkam³

• eQñaHkargarRtUvCamYynigelxsMKal;kñúgbTdæaneRbIR)as;.

• kargarGacGnuvtþn_sagsg;ÉkraCükñúglMh k¾dUcCary³eBlminrg nigk¾

minbgárraMgsÞHdl;bNþakargarepSg².



46

• kargarmYyRtUvmanbrimaNRKab;RKan;sMrab;mYyÉkta ¬BYk/ Rkum¦ eFIVkar

kñúgry³eBlkMNt;.

• kñúglT§PaBEdlGac KYEbgEckkargarnimYy²tamÉkeTskmµ/ kñúgkrNI

minGaceTIbeyIgerobcMRkumEdlbMerIkargar)aneRcInmuxb¤k¾Rcbl;Kña.

• enAxN³eBlbBa©b; bNþadMNak;kalsagsg;sMNg;bNþakargarEdlman

TMnak;TMngk¾RtUvbBa©b;enAxN³eBlenaH.

• kargarmYycMnYnEdlminGnuvtþn_enAkardæan b:uEnþsßitenAdMeNIrkarsagsg;

k_RtUvdak;cUlkñúglMdab;kargar.

• kargarFMmYycMnYnGacEbgEckCakargartUc²eRcIn edIm,IGacrYmpSMsagsg;

RsbRsbKña CamYybNþakargarepSg edIm,Ibnßyry³eBlsagsg;.

• kargartUc²eRcIn brimaNticGacbUkrYmKña edIm,IkøayCakargarmYyeRkam

eQµaHrYm edIm,IgayRsYskñúgkarbgðajDIya:Rkam.

III.3. kMNt;brimaNkargar brimaNkargar Canic©kaledIrCamYylMdab;kargar RtUv)anKNnatamKMerag

bøg;sagsg; nig sMraybBa¢ak;rbs;karKNna. Éktarbs;brimaN EdlEtgEt

eRbIR)as;KWÉktargVas;rgVl; ¬Em:Rt/ Em:Rtkaer:/ Em:RtKUb/ etan/ edIm/

eRKOg>>>. ehIyk¾GaceRbIÉktarUbIuvtßúsmmUlkñúgbTdæan/ tMélÉktaeRbIR)as;.

kMNt;RtwmRtUvtambrimaN KWmUldæankñúgkareRCIserIsmeFüa)ay/ viFIsaRsþ

sagsg;smRsb. tamry³enH kMNt;c,as;las;Blkmµ/ eRKOgcRk nig ry³

eBlsagsg; edIm,IbegáItRbtiTinkargar.



47

III.4. eRCIserIsviFIsaRsþbec©keTssagsg;

QrelImUldæanbrimaNkargar nig lkçxNÐGnuvtþn_ eyIgeFIVkareRCIserIsviFIsaRsþ

sagsg;. kñúgkareRCIserIsviFIsaRsþsagsg; GTiPaBeRbIR)as;eRKOgynþ nwg

bnßyry³eBlsagsg; ehIyk¾eFIVeGayekInfamBlBlkmµ nig fytMéleTopg.

eRCIserIseRKOgcRk RtUveKarBtamc,ab; :ynþkmµTMenIbRBmKña :. kñúgmYyRkum

eRKOgcRk eRCIserIseRKOgcRksMrab;kargarsMxan; b¤ kargarmanbrimaNFM

muneRkayenaH eyIgeRCIserIsbNþaeRKOgcRkEdlenAesssl;. krNIman

viFIsaRsþGnuvtþn_eRcInkñúgkareRCIserIseRKOgcRk RtUvGnuvtþn_RtUveRbobeFob

tMrUvkaresdækic©/ bec©keTs. eRbIR)as;k,Ünc,ab;sagsg;Blkmµ manEtkñúg

krNIlkçxNÐsagsg;minGnuBaØatiþeGayeRbIR)as;eRKOgcRk/ brimaNticeBk b¤

karcMNaymantMélx<s;ebIeRbIR)as;eRKOgcRk.

eBleRCIserIseRKOgcRkeRkABIKuNsm,tiþbec©keTs eyIgRtUvykcitþTukdak;

dl;smtßPaB nig \T§iBlrbs;k,Ünc,ab;sagsg;elIbrisßanCMvij ¬PaBkkVk;/

FulI/ rej:rja:j>>>¦.

III.5. eRCIserIs)a:ra:Em:Rtrbs;RbtiTinkargar ¬htßBlkmµ eRKOgcRk¦

RbtiTinkargarGaRs½yedayRbePT)a:ra:Em:RtmUldæanbI enaHKW lMnaM]sSahkmµ/

TItaMg nig ry³eBl. )a:ra:Em:RtlMnaM]sSahkmµrYmman³ cMnYnRkumeFIVkargar

ÉkraCü/ brimaNkargar/ smasPaBRkum ¬buKÁlik¦/



48

smtßPaBkargarrbs;Rkum. )a:ra:Em:RtTItaMgrYmman³ TItaMgeFIVkargar/

ExSbnÞat;kargar/ kMNat;sagsg;/ nig evnsagsg;.

)a:ra:Em:Rtry³eBlrYmman³ ry³eBlsagsg;kargar nig

ry³eBlnaMtamEpñknimYy² b¤EpñkTaMgmUlrbs;sMNg;cUleFIVskmµPaB. bNþa

)a:ra:Em:Rtrbs;RbtiTinkargar manTMnak;TMngrvagKñatamkarRKb;RKgya:g

s¥itrmYt. karERbRbYl)a:ra:Em:RtNamYy² nwgeFIVeGaybNþa)a:ra:Em:RtepSg²

ERbRbYltam nigeFIVeGayERbRbYlRbtiTinkargarsagsg;Edr. kareRCIserIs

)a:ra:Em:Rt CadMbUgRtUvRsbCamYylMnaM]sSahkmµsagsg; eRkaymkRtUveGay

smRsbnigkargarRKb;RKg. GaRs½ytamviFIsaRsþRKb;RKg eKGaceRCIserIs

bNþa)a:ra:Em:Rttamk,Ünc,ab;epSg²mYycMnYneTot ¬nwgBinitüCak;EsþgCaeRkay

kñúgkrNIedayELk¦.

• EbgEcképÞsagsg;/ kMNat;sagsg;RtUvnigeRKOgbgÁMú/ sßabtükmµ edIm,I

cMENkkargarsagsg;nimYy²ÉkraCü nig FanaKuNPaBsMNg;.

• brimaNrbs;kargarnimYy²RtUvmanbrimaNRKb;RKan; edIm,IeRbIR)as;

RbkbedaylT§pl elIsmtßPaBeRKOgcRk/ kMlaMgRkum.

tMrUvkarBlkmµ kñúgkarsMerckargarRtUv)ankMNt;tamrUbmnþ ¬4>1¦³

L = S. Q / W/ nak; ¬4>1¦

kñúgenaH ³ Q - brimaNkargar ¬ÉktargVas;rgVal;¦/

S - bTdææancMNayry³eBlsMerckargar ¬ema:g¼1Ékta rgVas;rgVal;¦/



49

W - cMnYnema:gkñúgmYyevneFIVkargar ¬ema:g¦.

tMrUvkarsMrab;eRKOgcRkedIm,IsMerckargarRtUv)ankMNt;tamrUbmnþ ¬4>2¦³

M = Q / P/ eRKOg ¬4>2¦

kñúgenaH³ Q - brimaNkargar ¬ÉktargVas;rgVal;¦/

P- smtßPaBrbs;eRKOgcRkkñúgmYyevneFIVkargar/

kñúgkrNIkargarpSMBIkargareRcIneyIgkMNt;bNþa)a:ra:Em:RttambTdæantMélmFüm

rbs;bNþasmasPaBkargartamtamrUbmnþ ¬2>3¦³

L = C / LC/ nak;

M = C / MC/ eRKOg ¬4>3¦

kñúgenaH ³ C - brimaNkargarEdlKittamfvika ¬ÉktarUbIuvtßú¦/

LC, MC - smtßPaBBlkmµ nig smtßPaBeRKOgcRkKittam

tMélrUbIuvtßú.

ebIkñúgbTdæan nig Tinñn½yKNna pþl;minRKb;RKan;kñúglMdab;kargarmYycMnYn/

GñkbegáItRbtiTinkargar RtUvykTinñn½ytambTBiesaFn_ nig kar)a:n;sµan.

xageRkamenH eyIgEsVgyl;nUvk,Ünc,ab;rYmmYycMnYn eBlEdleyIgcg;kMNt;

bNþa)a:ra:EmRtTaMgenaH.



50

• cMnYnRbePTkargar ¬kñúglMdab;kargar¦ eRCIserIseTAtamkMritCMnajrbs;

Rkumsagsg;/ kargarEbgEckkan;EttUc nwgkan;EtekInBlkmµ eFIVeGay

cMnYnkargarekIneLIg CaFmµtavanwgbnøayeBlevlasagsg; nig karerobcM

RKb;RKgkan;EtsµúKsaµj.

• kareRbIR)as; ¬cMnYnkmµkr/ cMnYneRKOgcRk¦ tamEpñkeGayRbesIrbMput

¬CaFmµtamanbgðajkñúgbTdæanbec©keTs¦ nwgpþl;eGaykargarmanfamBl

x<s;bMput/KuNPaBFana. kareRbIR)as;buKÁlikRtUvGnuvtþn_tamrUbmnþ ¬4>4¦

Lmin ≤ Lij ≤ L max;

Mmin ≤ Mij ≤ M max. ¬4>4¦

kñúgenaH³ Lij, Mij - kmµkr/ eRKOgcRkrbs;kargar i eFIVkarenATItaMg j/

Lmin, Mmin - cMnYnkmµkr/ eRKOgcRkGb,brmaedIm,IGaceFIVkargarl¥

¬tambTdæan¦ ehAtamrebobepSgKW Rkumkargar

dMbUg.

Lmax, Mmax - cMnYnkmµkr/ eRKOgcRkGtibrmaedIm,IGaceFIVkargar)an

CaFmµtaelIkMNat;kargar.

• ebIkargarsagsg;eRbI)as;eRKOgcRkpg RBmTaMgeRbIR)as;Blkmµpg KWRtUv

eRCIserIs)a:ra:Em:RteRKOgcRkmun/ )a:ra:Em:RtmnusSeRCIserIsCaeRkayeday

GaRs½yelIbrimaNeRKOgcRk.



51

III.6. kMNt;ry³eBlsagsg;

ry³eBlsagsg;kargarGaRs½yeTAelIbrimaN/ bnÞat;kargar/ kMriteRbIR)as;

FnFan nig ry³eBlkMNt;sagsg;sMNg;. edIm,Irujel,Ónsagsg;/

elIkkMBs;GtßRbeyaCn_eRKOgcRkTMenIb RtUvykcitþTukdak;dl;rbbeFIVkargar

BIr b¤ bIevn/ kargarsMxan;mYycMnYn KYreRbIR)as;eRKOgcRkRBmKña. CaTUeTA

karekInevnnwgeFIVeGayekIntMéldUcCaBnøå/ karcayvayra:b;rgkargarBIrevn b¤

bIevn/ ekInbuKÁlikbec©keTs/ RKb;RKg. lMnaMsagsg;edayeRbIR)as;

BlkmµmYycMnYnedIm,IbegáInevnplit ekItenAeBlbrimaNkargarFM bu:EnþbnÞat;

kargarnwgceg¥ótminGaceFIVkarbEnßmkmµkr)an.

eBllkçxNÐsagsg; manlkçN³GacGnuvtþ)an nig RbkbedayesßrPaB/

ry³eBlsagsg;kargarkMNt;tamrUbmnþ ¬4>5¦/ ¬4>6¦³

tij = Lij / (a.Li)/ ¬4>5¦

tij = MSij / (a.Mi)/ ¬4>6¦

kñúgenaH ³ tij – ry³eBlsagsg;kargar ij ¬éf¶¦/

Lij- brimaNBlkmµ ¬éf¶Blkmµ¦ sMerckargar/

MSij - cMnYnevneRKOgcRksMerckargar/

a - cMnYnevneFIVkarkñgmYyéf¶ ¬rbbeFIVkargar¦/

Li, Mi - cMnYnkmµkr/ eRKOgcRkrbs;Rkum.



52

kñúgkargarCak;Esþg/ eKenAykcitþTukdak;dl; ry³eBlsagsg;qab;bMput nig

yUbMput. enaHKW RBMEdnGñkRKb;RKgsMNg;dwgedIm,IeRbIR)as;RbtiTinkargar.

ry³eBlsagsg;qab;bMput Tmin man)an eBlNaeyIgeRbIR)as;lT§PaB

Gnuvtþn_kargarGtibrma elIbnÞat;kargar nig lT§PaBpÁt;pÁg;FnFan.

ry³eBlsagsg;yUrbMput Tmax man)an eBlNaeyIgeRbIR)as;lT§PaB

Gnuvtþn_kargarGb,brma CamYynig RbPBFnFansmmUl Edlkargarminrgkar

xUcxat. dUcenH ry³eBlsagsg;kargaryUrbMput eBlRKan;EterobcM

eRKOgcRksagsg;mYy b¤ mYyRkumplitkmµmUldæan. enATIenH Rkumplitkmµ

dMbUg KWCasßab½nplitkmµGtibrmaCamYynig cMnUnmnusSGb,brma b: uEnþenAEt

FanafamBlplit. KNnatamcMnYnmnusS ¬ RkumplitkmµmUldæanCaFmµta

RtUv)ansresrkñúgbTdæanbec©keTs¦

Ca]TahrN_³ kargarmYymanbrimaNBlkmµ 120 éf¶/ RkumplitkmµdMbUg

rbs;kargarenaH 5 nak; ebIbnÞat;kargarGnuBaØatiþ (Lmax ≤ 40) eyIgk_GacerobcM

cMnYnkmµkr nig ry³eBlsagsg;dUctarag ¬4>1¦

tarag 4>1

cMnYnRkumplitkmµdMbUg (b) ! @ # $ ^ *

cMnYnkmµkreFIVkñúgmYyéf¶ (L) % (Lmin) !0 !% @0 #0 $0 (Lmax)

ry³eBlsagsg;/ éf¶ (t) @$ !@ * ^ $ #



53

cMnYnkmµkr L = a.b.Lmin GacerobcMeFIVkargar a = 1; 2 b¤ 3 evn ¼ éf¶. dUcenH/

ry³eBlsagsg;sagsg;qab;bMput tmin = 3 éf¶. ebIeFIVticCag # éf¶ nig eRcIn

Cag @$ éf¶ suT§EtnaMeTAdl;llT§plminl¥ ¬sMrab;kareRbIR)as;kmµkr b¤

KuNPaBkargar¦.

eRkayeBlkMNt;ry³eBlsagsg; eyIgGackMNt;kMriteRbIR)as;sMPar³tam

rUbmnþ³

q = (Qij.q0) / Tij,

cMNayfvikatamrUbmnþ³

C = (Qij.C0) / Tij,

kñúgenaH ³ q – kMriteRbIR)as;sMPar³kñúgmYyéf¶/

Qij – brimaNkargar i Gnuvtþn_elIkMNat;kargar j,

Tij – ry³eBlsagsg;,

C – tMélcMNaysMrab;kargarkñúgmYyéf¶,

q0, C0 – bTdæansMPar³/ tMélkargar.

eBlry³eBlsagsg;minkMNt;Cak;c,as;/ eKeRbIR)as;tMélEdlTukcitþ.

enaHKW krNIlMnaMGnuvtþn_kargarCYbRbTHkargarERbRbYl RtUvBüakrN_ edaykar

eCOrCak;kMNt;mYyBIbTBiesaFn_sagsg; b¤ lkçxNÐsagsg;GaRs½yeday

ktþaénkarERbRbYlCaeRcIn. eRbIR)as;tMélTukcitþ GMBIry³eBlsagsg;Ep¥kelI

viFIsaRsþKNnaKNitsaRsþ eyIgRsavRCaveGayc,as;enACMBUkeRkay.



54

III.7. begáItRbtiTinkargardMbUg eRkayeBleRCIserIsviFIsaRsþsagsg; nig kMNt;)anbNþa)a:ra:Em:Rt/ eyIgbnþ

Gnuvtþn_begáItRbtiTinkargardMbUg.

begáItRbtiTinkargarrYmman kMNt;viFIsaRsþbgðajRbtiTinkargar nig

lMdab;lMnaM]sSahkmµeGaysmRsb edIm,IdMeNIrkarkargarsagsg;.

RbRktiTinkargarGacbgðajeday RkahiVkepþk/ RkahiVkeRTt/ DIya:RkambNþaj.

eRCIserIsviFIsaRsþNak_RtUvGaRs½yeTAelITMhM/ lkçN³sµúKsµajrbs;sMNg;.

RkahiVkepþksMEdgRbtiTinkargarsMNg;tUc² nig lMnaM]sSahkmµgayRsYl.

RkahiVkeRTt sMEdgRbRktiTinkargarsMNg;EdlTamTarkarR)akdRbCaGMBI

ry³eBl nig TIlMh. RkahiVkeRTt Gacl¥RbesIrelIkargarEdlman

brimaNtic. DIya:RkambNþaj sMEdgRbtiTinkargarsagsg;sMNg;FM² nig

sµúKsµaj. kñúgenaHEdr ykcitþTukdak;dl;lMnaM]sSahkmµ/ Canic©CakaleRbI

R)as;lT§PaBBeRgIkkargarRBmKña RsbKña edIm,Ikat;bnßyry³eBlsagsg;.

eRkABIenHkarBeRgIkkargarcaM)ac;ykcitþTudak;dl;bBaðaeRbIR)as;FnFan nig

FanaRkumCMnajmanskmµPaBtamExSbBa¢Ún.

begáItRbRktiTinkargardMbUg GacGnuvtþn_tam bI viFIdUcxageRkam.

a) erobcMkargar BIkargardMbUgtamlMdab;kargar dl;kargarbBa¢b;. enHKW viFI

EdlniymeRbIeRcIn/ gayRsYl b:uEnþTamTarGñkbegáItRtUvmanbTBiesaF_kñúg

kargarplit. CaFmµtaeyIgerobcMkargaremmun Ep¥kelIenaH eyIgerobcM

kargarEdlenAsl; eTAtamTMnak;TMngerobcMRKb;RKg. cMeBaHsMNg;FM²

karbegáIttamviFIenH vaBi)akNas; edIm,IQandl;lT§plcg;)an.



55

b) erobcMkargartamtamxN³eBlkMNt;mun edayeTAbBa¢as;kargarxagmux.

enHCaviFIbegáIttamTisedAkMNt;mun/ CaFmµtaeyIgEtgykeBlevlakMNt;

karbBa©b;sagsg;sMNg;/ eBlevlabBa©b;bNþadMNak;kaleFIVCa cMNuccab;

epþIm rkRcas;mkvijbNþakargarmanTMnak;TMngmun. viFIenHqab;sMerc

TisedA b:uEnþbNþakarplitKYreGay)armµN_ eRBaHkarkMNt;xN³eBl

kargarminc,as;las;eFIVkargarrgkarxUcxac.

c) eRbIR)as;KNitsaRsþ ¬DIya:RkambNþaj¦ edIm,IbegIátRbtiTinkargar.

enHCaviFIQanmuxCYyeGayeyIg edaHRsay)ankrNIsµúKsµajmYycMnYn.

viFIenHCadMbUgeKeRbIKNitsaRsþpÁMúlMnaMsagsg;sMNg; mann½yfaeRbI

DIya:RkambNþaj edIm,IbgðajbNþalMnaM]sSahkmµ LOGIC nig

karRKb;RKgsagsg;sMNg;caM)ac;/ eRkaymkeRbIR)as;KNitviTüaedIm,I

KNnarkbNþa)a:ra:Em:Rtrbs;plitkmµ ¬RbtiTinkargar¦ dak;ecj

eRkaymkbgðajmkvijTisedArbs;Epnkarplit.

III.8. RtYtBinitüRbtiTinkargardMbUg

eRkayeBlRbtiTinkargar)anbegáIt/ eKGnuvtþn_KNnabNþaniTsSn_rbs;va

ehIyeRbobeFobnigbNþatMrUvkarEdl)anelIkeLIg. bNþatMrUvkarTaMgenaHCa

FmµtaEtgEtCary³eBlsagsg;kMNt;/ kMriteRbIR)as;FnFan/ kMritesßrPaB

eRbIR)as;edImTun/ Blkmµ/ tMéléføfñÚrKMerag. ebItMrUvkarbMeBj)annUv

RbtiTinkargardMbUg/ eyIgnwgbnþeFIVeGayRbesIrtamlkçN³sm,tiþsagsg;

edim,IelIkkMBs;esdækic©/ bec©keTs.



56

kñúgkrNImannisSn_xøHEdlminTan;RKb;RKan;/ eyIgRtUvEksMrYlRbtiTinkargar

dMbUg. kargarRtYtBinitünwgRtUv)anGnuvtþn_tameRcInCMudUcxxageRkam³

CMu 1³ RtYtBinitüCMha‘n begáItRbRktiTinkargardMbUg ¬erobcMeLIgvijnUv

kargar¦ ebIminTan;seRmcGnuvtþn_RtYtBinitüCMubnþeTot.

CMu 2³ RtYtBinitübNþa)a:ra:Em:RtRKb;RKg eLIgcuHcMnYnBlkmµ/ eRKOgcRk.

enHCaCMha‘nRKb;RKgeLIgvij ÉktaplitkmµebIminTan;sMerc Gnuvtþn_

bnþCMueRkay.

CMu 3³ RtYtBinitüviFIsaRsþsagsg;. enHCa CMuRtYtBinitüEksMrYlviFIsaRsþ

sagsg; ¬pøas;bþÚrRbePTeRKOgcRk/ eRCIserIsviFIsaRsþsagsg;epSg

eTot>>>¦ ebIminTan;sMerc)aneyIgRtUvRtYtBinitüCMucugeRkay.

CMu 4³ enHCa CMuRtYtBinitülMnaM]sSahkmµplit. eRBaHbNþaviFIsaRsþ

RKb;RKg nig bec©keTs suT§EtminseRmc eyIgRtUvEkERblMnaM

]sSahkmµsagsg; ¬]TahrN_ bþÚrBIebtugcak;enAkEnøg mkeRbIR)as;

cab;tMeLIg/ bþÚrssrRKwH sgát;mun mkeRbIssrRKwHsgát;eRkay >>>>.

CakarBitehIy CMunimYy²GacGnuvtþn_mYy b¤BirbIdgenAeBlEdlminTan;seRmc

eTIbbnþmkCMubnÞab;eTot. karRtYtBinitüRbtiTinkargarEtgEtlM)akebIsMNg;

enaHFMsµúKsµaj eBlenaHeKcaM)ac;CMnYyrbs;kMBüÚT½r.



57

III. bgðajRbtiTinkargarelIRkahiVkepþk ( GANTT CHART)

dUceyIg)andwg RbtiTinkargarGacsMEdgecjtam RkahiVkepþk/ RkhiVkeRTt/

DIya:RkambNþaj GaRs½yedaylkçN³sMNg; nig TisedArbs;GñkbegáIt. kñúgbI

rebobbgðaj KWRkahiVkepþkmanRbCaRbiyCagTaMgGs;. eKEtgeRbIR)as;RkahiVkepþk

kñúgbNþakrNI³ sMNg;gayRsYl/ RbtiTinkargarEdlRtUv)anbegáItedayRkhiVk eRTt

b¤ DIya:RkambNþaj b:uEnþedIm,IeGaygayRsYleRbIR)as; eKbþÚrmkRkahiVkepþk.

eRBaHRkahiVkepþk gayRsYlcab;)an edayGBÖnþBaØaN/ gayRsYlGan/ gayRsYl

tamdan nig enAmankargayRsYlkñúgkarbgðajbNþa)a:ra:Em:Rtrg EdlRkahiVkepSg

minGacbgðaj.

xøwmsarrbs;RbtiTinkargarmYyEdlbgðajtamRkahiVVkepþk ¬rUb 4>3¦ CaFmµtarYm

manBIrEpñk/ EpñkTinñn½y nig EpñkRkhiVk.

• EpñkTinñn½y kargarRtUv)anpÁt;pÁg;Tinñn½ymYycMnYnEdlcaM)ac;bMerIkargarsagsg;

EdlrYmman 12 CYrbBaÄr Columns ¬rUb 4>2¦

Colunm 1: sresrelxerogtamtaraglMdab;kargar ehIyk_GacbUkrYm

kargareRcInCakargarmYy ¬RbtiTinkargarTUeTA¦.

Colunm 2: eQµaHkargarsresrtamlMdab;kargar b¤ dak;eQµaHfIµebIkargar

enaH CakargarsrubTUeTA.

Colunm 3: ÉktaCaFmµtaeRbICaÉktargVas;brimaN/ ÉktarUbIuvtßú.



58

Colunm 4: brimaNkargarsresreGayRtUvnigÉktaeRbIR)as;.

Colunm 5: bTdæanBlkmµ-cMNayBlkmµ edIm,IseRmcmYyÉktaplitkmµ

yktambTdæankMBugGnuvtþ.

Colunm 6: bTdæaneRKOgcRk-cMNayema:geRKOgcRk ¬ebIsagsg;eRbI

eRKOgcRk¦ sMrab;ÉktaplitkmµmYyyktambTdæankMBug

Gnuvtþ.

Colunm 7, 8: CatMrUvkarBlkmµ ¬éf¶Blkmµ¦ nig eRKOgcRk

¬evneRKOgcRk¦/ CalT§plrbs;plKuN Colunm 4 CamYy

Colunm 5 nig 6.

Colunm 9: rbbeFIVkargar-cMnYnevneFIVkargarkñúgmYyéf¶/ EtgEtyk 1 evn

sMrab;BlkmµédeCIg/ 2/ 3 evnsMrab;sagsg;edayeRKOgcRk.

Colunm 10, 11: cMnYnkmµkr/ cMnYneRKOgcRkkñúgÉktaGnuvtþkargar

¬emIlxøwmsarkñúgcMNgeCIg II¦

Colunm 12: ry³eBlsagsg;RtUv)ankMNt;tamrUbmnþ ¬4>5¦/ ¬4>6¦.

eBlkargarsagsg; manTaMgeRKOgynþlayCamYyBlkmµ

ry³eBlkMNt;tameRKOgynþ. cMnYnkmµkr nwgGnueLameTAtam

nigry³eBleFIVedayeRKOgynþ.

• EpñkRkahiVk bgðajEpnkarsagsg; ¬rUb 2>2 ¦. kargarnimYy² RtUv)an

bgðajedaybnÞat;Rtg;mYy manRbEvgesµInigry³eBlsagsg;. kargarnimYy²



59

kMNt;elIGkS½ry³eBlrbs;RbtiTin. xN³eBlnimYy²elIRbtiTinkargar RtUv

)ankMNt;taméf¶ Ex qñaM.

CaFmµtakargarRtUv)anbgðajxN³eBlcab;epþIm ¬ nimitþsBaØa S ¦ nig xN³eBl

bBa©b; ¬ nimitþsBaØa F ¦. bNþakargarEdlGacbnøayeBlevlasagsg;elIs

ry³eBl)ankMNt; enaHeyIgKUsbnþedaybnÞat;dac;² ¬- - - - - ¦ enAxageRkay

¬ kargar a ¦/ enAxagmux ¬ kargar b ¦ ebIbgðajlT§PaBcab;epþImqab;.

bNþakargarEdlmanTMnak;TMnak;KñakñúgkarRKb;RKg nwgRtUvP¢ab;CamYyKñaedaybnÞat;

dac;² ¬kargar a, d, f ¦. bNþakargar EdlrkSatYnaTIdwknaM

RbtiTinkargarsagsg;RtUv)anbgðajedaybnÞat;RkasCageK ¬ a, d, f, e ¦.

kargarmYyeBlerobcMRKb;RKgsagsg; EbgEcgCakargartUc²eRcIn RtUv)an

bgðajedaybnÞat;mYykat;elIBYkva ¬ kargar C1, C2, C3 ¦.

elIbnÞat;bgðajkargar eKGacdak;Tinñn½yeRcInepSg²Kña ¬dUcCa Blkmµ/ sMPar³/

eRKOgcRk/ fvikar >>>> ¦.

DIya:RkameRbIR)as;FnFan RtUv)anKUsxageRkamRbtiTinkargar. CaFmµtaeK

bgðajEtbNþaFnFansMxan;² dUcCa Blkmµ/ fvika/ sMPar³eRbIR)as;eRcIn ¬ fµ/

xSac;/ \dæ/ sIum:g;t_ >>> ¦ RtUvpÁt;pÁg;Cab;lab;. cg;KUs)anDIya:RkamFnFan)anc,as;

las; eKRtUvbgðajeGayRtUvnigkargarnimYy² rbs;RbRktiTinkargar/ eRkayeBl

KUsrYc eyIgRKan;EtbUkFnFan tamRbePTkargarnimYy² enaHeyIg)anRkahiVk

¬ebIeRbIR)as; kmµviFImanRsab; ”Microsft Project” ma:sIunnwgsV½yRbvtþiKUs.



60

IV. bNþaeKalkarN_sMxan;edIm,IbegáItRbtiTinkargar edIm,IRbtiTinkargarEdlbegáIteLIg CitRtUvnigkargarCak;Esþg nig esckIþRtUvkar

rbs;sMNg;/ eFIVeGaykarsagsg;sMercRbkbeday lT§plesdækic©bec©keTs

eyIgcaM)ac;RtUvGnueLamtambNþaeKalkarN_sMxan;CamUldæandUcxageRkam.

1. esßrPaBelIbNþakargareRtomTan;eBl edIm,IGnuvtþn_sagsg;sMNg;sMxan;

kargarsagsg;sMNg;Gnuvtþn_edaygayRsYl b¤ mindUecñHeT KW GaRs½yedaybNþa

kargareRtommYycMnYn. CaFmµta sagsg;sMNg;mYy eKEckecjCaBIEpñk³

EpñkkargareRtom nig EpñksMNg;sMxan;. EpñkeRtomrYmman eRtomTIlansagsg; nig

sg;CMrMu/ pøÚvfñl;beNþaHGasnñbMerIkargarsagsg;/ cMENkÉEpñksMNg;sMxan; rYmman³

sagsg;sMNg; nig dak;sMNg;eGayeFIVskmµPaB.

bNþakargareRtomTIlansagsg;rYmman³ vaybMEbk b¤ pøas;TIpÞHsMEbg/ TIlanEdl

RtUvsagsg;sMNg;enAkardæan³ sMGat/ beBa©jTwk/ eFIVfñl;bMerIkarsagsg;. EsVgrk

RbPBpÁt;pÁg;famBl/ vtßúFatuedIm/ GKÁIsnI/ Twk>>>.l.

sagsg;sMNg;beNþaHGasnñrYmman³ sagsg;sMNg;fµI/ CYsCulsMNg;/ CMurMu/ eragCag/

bNþatMbn;rs;enArbs;buKÁlikkmµkr.

bTBiesaFn_bgðajfa kargareRtommanlkçN³l¥ nwgeFIVeGaykargarsagsg;

sMNg;sMxan;Gnuvtþn_)anelOn nig sMercRbkbedaylT§plx<s;. BitNas;fa minEmn

bNþakargareRtomTaMgGs; elIRbtiTinkargar suT§EtRtUvbBa©b;muneBlebIkkar

sagsg;sMNg;sMxan;enaHeT. eBlbegáItRbtiTinkargar eKkMNt;EtelIkargar



61

EdlRtUvGnuvtþn_mun/ bNþakargarRtUveFIVCamYykargarsMxan;. kareRCIserIsmuneRkay

Ep¥kelIeKalkarN_ KwbegIátlkçxNÐl¥bMput edIm,IeFIVkargarsagsg;sMxan; b:uEnþrYmpSM

kareRbIR)as;FnFan/ famBltamrebobmYysmRsb/ snSMsMéc.

edIm,IbnßyEpñksagsg;sMNg;beNþaHGasnñ eBlbegIátRbtiTinkargar RtUvkMNt;

)ankarcUlrYmeRbIR)as;sMNg;GciéRnþ eTAkñúgTisedAeRbIR)as;beNþaHGasnñ/ CaBiess

KW Epñksagsg;pøÚvfñl;/ bNþajbec©keTs/ bgÁn;Gnam½y.

2. eRCIserIslMdab;erogkargarsmRsb

eBlsagsg; sMNg;FM²mYycMnYn/ sµúKsµaj/ manlMdab;erogkargareRcIn Edlman

TMnak;TMngKñaedaylMnaM]sSahkmµ/ lkçxNÐsagsg; dUcenHkareRCIserIslMdab;erog

kargarRtUveGaysmRsb. manbNþakargarxøH² RtUv)ankMNt;PøamtaMgBIKNna

RKb;RKgsMNg;. eBleRCIserIslMdab;erogkargar karcab;epþImGnuvtþn_RtUvcaM)ac;

ykcitþTukdak;dl;bBaðadUcxageRkam³

bNþakargarsagsg;tamlMdab;RtUveFIVtamlMnaM]sSahkmµplitkmµ/ vanwgman

tYnaTI naMEpñknimYy² b¤EpñksMNg;TaMgmUlcUleFIVskmµPaB nig kMNt;sMerc

ry³eBlsagsg;. ebIlMdab;erogkargarminFana nwgeFIVeGaybnøayry³eBl

sagsg; b¤ eFIVeGayfyGtßRbeyaCn_esdækic©rbs;KMerag.

caM)c;ykcitþTukdak;dl;lMdab;kargarmYycMnYn EdlkMNt;bBa©b;ry³eBlkMNt;

sagsg;/ CaBiessykcitþTukdak;dl; bNþabnÞat;kargarmYycMnYn EdlcMNay

ry³eBlsagsg;yUr b:uEnþEbrCaceg¥ót b¤k¾CaRbePTbnÞat;Cit. lMdab;kargar



62

mYycMnYn EdlsßitkñúgRbePTenH dUcCa s<an/ eRkamdI/ sMNg;]sSahkmµ >>>

KwvaBi)akyk eCaKC½yNas; eBlEdleyIgcg;CMrujelOnRbtiTinkargar.

RkumlMdab;kargarmYycMnYn kñúgExSbBa¢ÚnplitkmµmYy k¾KYrpþl;GaTiPaBBeRgIk

kargarRBmKañ/ edIm,IeBlnaMsMNg;eTAeFIVskmµPaB enaHbNþasMNg;pÁt;pÁg;k¾

eRtomlkçN³CaeRsc.

kñúgsMNg;nimYy² bNþakargarcab;epþImtamlMdab;eroglMnaM]sSahkmµsmRsb

bMput/ RbwgERbgFana)annUvlkçN³bnþbnÞab; ¬efr¦ sMrab;RkumCagsMxan;².

CaFmµtatamlMnaM]sSahkmµ eKcab;epþImkargardUcxageRkam³ sagsg;BIkñúgecjeRkA/

EpñkeRKOgbgÁMúsMNg;BIeRkameLIg/ BIRbB½n§sMxan; ¬em¦ mkRbB½n§rg/ BIRbB½n§rg

kMlaMg mkRbB½n§minrgkMlaMg/ EpñkbegðIysagsg;BIelIcuHeRkam/ BIkñúgecjeRkA.

CakarBitehIy lMdab;kargarenaH minEmnsuT§EtRtUvGnuvtþya:gdUcenHeT/

vaGaRs½yeTAtamkargarCak;Esþgrbs;sMNg;nimYy² nig lkçN³lMnaM]sSahkmµ

EdleyIgeRbIR)as;.

BeRgIkkargark_RtUvykcitþTukdak;dl;sßanPaBFatuGakas edIm,Idkecjkardac;

ecj rvagBYkvaEdlekIteLIg.

karRbmUlBlkmµRtUvykcitþTukdak;dl; RBMEdnmYycMnYnGMBIFnFan nig FananUv

eKalkarN_rnþMkñúgkarerobcMRKb;RKg.

kargarsagsg;Bi)ak²mYycMnYn RtUvcat;EcgbNþaviFIsaRsþmYycMnYn CaCMnYy

eBlcaM)ac; edIm,IrkSa)aneKaledAeBlbegáItRbtiTinkargar.



63

3. Fanary³eBlsagsg;

mYykñúgcMeNamTisedAsMxan;rbs; KNnaRKb;RKgsMNg; KWFanac,ab;ry³eBl

kMNt;sagsg;. c,ab;ry³eBlkMNt;; GaRs½yedayesckIþsMercrbs;

rdæaPi)alsIþGMBIkarRKb;RKgsMNg; ebIsMNg;sßiteRkamkarRKb;RKgrbs;rdæaPi)al/

ebIsMNg;m©as;vinieyaKCaBaniC¢kr KWGaRs½yedayBaniC¢krkMNt;. eTaHebIm©as;

vinieyaK CaEpñkesdækic©Nak_eday ry³eBlkMNt;sagsg;sMNg; RtUv)ancat;Tuk

Cac,ab;EtenAeBlmansresrkñúgkic©snüavinieyaK. ry³eBlbBa©b; dak;sMNg;eFIV

skmµPaBsMxan;CaTIbMput. CYnkalvakMNt;nUveCaKC½y nig braC½yrbs;KMerag/

dUcenHral;karERbRbYlry³eBlsagsg; suT§EtRtUvGnuvtþn_tambNþamaRtaEdl

)ansresrkñúgGtßbTénkic©snüa ¬CUnrgVan;ebIfyry³eBlsagsg;/ pakBin½y

eBlbnøayry³eBl b¤ mineKarBkic©snüa¦.

ry³eBlkMNt;sagsg;RtUv)anyl;fa Cary³eBlGnuvtþkargarsagsg; nig

naMsMNg;eFIVskmµPaB ¬éf¶KN³kmµkarBinitü nig cuHhtßelxaRbKl;-TTYl¦.

edIm,IsMNg;bBa©b;RtUvtamc,ab;ry³eBlkMNt;/ RbtiTinkargardMbUgbegáItRtUv

GnueLamtamlkçxNÐenH. kñúgeBlbegáItRbtiTinkargar/ ry³eBlkMNt;

sagsg;sMNg;GaRs½yeTAelIry³eBlkMNt;sagsg;rbs;rbs;kargarnimYy² nig

karerobcMBYkvatamry³eBl. dUcecñH GñkbegáItRbtiTinkargarRtUveFIVm©as;elI

bNþakargar nig cab;)annUvlMnaM]sSahkmµsagsg;sMrab;sMNg;TaMgmUl. ebI

RbtiTinkargar begáIttamrebob a ry³eBlkMNt;sagsg;sMNg;dMbUg Etg

xusCamYynigc,ab;ry³eBlkMNt;eRcInRKan;ebI dUcenH RtUvEktMrUv/ begáIttamerob



64

b ry³eBlkMNt;rbs;RbtiTinkargardMbUg eGaykan;EtRtUvnigc,ab;ry³eBl

kMNt;.

CaFmµtaRbtiTinkargardMbUgbegáIt eRkayeBlKNna nwg ekIteLIgbIkrNI

dUcxageRkam³

• krNI 1 ³ - eBlry³eBlkMNt;RbtiTinkargar (T) tUcCagc,ab;ry³eBlkMNt; (TL) ³

T<TL eBlenaHelceLIgnUv ∆T = Tl - T / GñksMNg;GaceRbIR)as;

edIm,IEktMrUvkñúglMnaMGnuvtþ CamYyTisedAPaBrnþMFnFan.

• krNI 2 ³ T = TL cat;TukfaRbtiTinkargar Edl)anbegáItsmmUllkçxNÐ

ry³eBlGacTTYlyk)an. krNIenHlT§PaBEktMrUvkareRbIFnFan

tictYcNas;.

• krNI 3 ³ T > TL RbtiTinkargarEdl)anbegáItminTTYlyk)an/ caM)ac;bgçMRtUv

EktMrUveLIgvij dl;eBlNasmmUllkçxNÐ T ≤ TL.

4. eRbIR)as;BlkmµrnþMkñúgplitkmµ ¬lkçN³rnþMvaytMéledayRkahiVkBlkmµ¦

RkahiVkBlkmµrnþMeBlcMnYnBlkmµekInCabnþicmþg² kñúgry³eBlEvg nig fybnþic

mþg²Edr enAeBlkardæanbBa©b; minmankarekInfyxøaMgxøa. ebIcMnYnkmµkrEdleRbI

minrnþM eBlxøH nwgelceLIgcMnYnkMlaMgBlkmµRbmUlpþMúx<s;CaTIbMput/ eBlxøH

cuHCaTabxøaMg eFIVeGaybNþa éføQñÜlekIntam nig x¢aHx¢ayFnFan. bNþaéføQñÜl

enaH cMNayelIkareRCIserIs/ sagsg;pÞHsMEbg CMurMu nig hUbcukRbcaMéf¶.



65

RbmUlpþMúmnusSeRcIn kñúgry³eBlxøIbegáItnUvkarx©Hx¢ay elIbNþamUldæanmYycMnYn

k¾dUcCaeRKOgynþ eRBaHeRbIR)as;ticminTan;sPaBkarN_. dUcenH RkahiVkBlkmµ

mYysmRsb ¬ekInbeNþIr² enAxagedIm nig fybeNþIr²enAxagcug/ cMnYnmnusS

zitefr kan;EtxitCitkMritmFümkan;Etl¥¦ KWCaKMrUvaytMélRbtiTinkargarmYy .

elIRkahiVkBlkmµ lkçN³rnþM bgðajedaybnÞat;ekag eLIgcuHbeNþIr² minmankar

ERbRbYl ¬rUbPaB 2>3/ bnÞat; c ¦.

vaytMélRkahiVkBlkmµ eKeRbIR)as;bNþaemKuNrnþM K1nig emKuNesßrPaB K2

K1 = La / Lmax K2 = Tv / T

kñúgenaH La – cMnYnkmµkrmFümPaKKNnatam ¬2>12¦

La = Lr / T ¬2>12¦

Lmax – cMnYnkmµkrRbmUlpþMúx<s;bMput/



66

T – ry³eBlkMNt;sagsg;/

Tv – ry³eBlcMnYnkmµkrRbmUlpþMúEdlhYsputcMnYnkmµkrmFüm/

Lr – kmµkrcaM)ac;sMrab;sagsg;sMNg;/ KWCaépÞrvagGk½S T nig

RkhiVk.

Cak;Esþg K1 nig K2 QaneTArk 1 kan;Etl¥. qøgemKuNefr K2

eyIgeXIjeBlRkahiVkBlkmµmanbMErbMrYlxøH ERbRbYlminFmµta RtUvGnueLam

tam k,Ünc,ab;³ minGnuBaØategIbx<s; edayry³eBlxøI nig cuHeRCAedayry³eBl

Evg ¬rUbPaB 2>4¦ eRBaHTaMgBIrkrNIenH suT§EteFIVeGayfytMél K1 nig K2.

épÞkMNt;kñúgRkahiVkBlkmµ bgðajkMlaMgBlkmµ. dUcenH épÞkan;EttUcbgðaj

sMNg;eRbIR)as;BlkmµticfamBlBlkmµx<s;. enHk¾Ca TisedAmYyrbs;GñkbegáIt

Epnkarsagsg;.

egIbx<s;kñúgry³eBlxøI/ cuHeRCAkñúgry³eBlEvg

rUbPaB 2>4> RkahiVkBlkmµminefr

cMnYnBlkmµ cMnYnBlkmµ



67

5. naMfvikaedImTuncUlkñúgsMNg;smRsb

TunvinieyaK KWCabrimaNfvika e)aHcUlsMNg;. fvikaedImTun KWCaRbePTFnFan

eRbIR)as;mYyelIk/ va)ancMeNjEteBlsMNg;eFIVskmµPaB. dUcenH kardak;Tun

eTAkñúgsMNg; KWCatMrUvkarmYysMxan;rbs;RbtiTinkargarmYy.

eBlKNnaRKb;RKgsMNg; eKEtgEtBinitüemIlRkahiVkpÁt;pÁg;TunsMNg;dMbUg.

cMeBaHGñksagsg; edImTunEtgEtxI©FnaKar EdlRtUvTTYlrgnUvtMélkarR)ak;.

Gñksagsg; sg)anEtenAeBlNa PaKI :k : pþl;R)ak;mun b¤ TUTat;tamkic©snüa.

kñúgkrNI PaKI :k : pþl;R)ak;munminTan; enaHPaKIGñkTTYlkar RtUvTTYlbg;

karR)ak;FnaKar. dUcenH fvikadak;cUlsMNg;kan;Etqab;kan;EtgayrgnUvkarsÞH

bgákarxUcxateGayGñksagsg;. eKRtUvrkrUbmnþmYy edIm,Idak;fvikaedImTuneTAkñúg

sMNg;ya:gNa eGaykar)at;bg;fvikaTabbMput.

rUbmnþedIm,I dak;fvikaedImTuneTAkñúgsMNg;man bIRbePTCamUldæan EdlRtUv)an

bgðajelI rUbPaB 2>5. bnÞat;DIepr:gEsül dak;TuncUlkñúgsMNg; bgðajnUv

brimaNfvika cMNaysMrab;bNþakargarsg;tMeLIg enAbNþary³eBltam

RbtiTinkargar ¬s)þah_/ Ex/ qmas/ qñaM¦.

rUbPaB 2>5a - dak;fvikaeTAkñúgsMNg;eTogeBl/ cab;BIeBlcab;epþImdl;eBl

bBa©b; brimaNfvikavinieyaKkñúgry³eBldUcKñaesµIKña.

rUbPaB 2>5b - dak;fvikaeTAkñúgsMNg;ekInbnþicmþg²/ eBldMbUgcMNayticeRkaymk

ekInbnþicmþg²/ eBlbBa©b;dak;fvikaeTAkñúgsMNg;eRcInbMput.



68

rUbPaB 2>5c - dak;fvikaeTAkñúgsMNg;fybnþicmþg²/ eBldMbUgcMNayeRcInbMput

eRkaymkfybnþicmþg²esµIKña/ eBlbBa©b;dak;fvikaeTAkñúgsMNg;ticbMput.

edIm,IvaytMél rUbPaBvinieyaKTaMgbIxagelIeTAkñúgsMNg; eKKUsRkahiVkGaMgetRkal

edImTunvinieyaK ¬bnÞat;cMNaysrub¦. elIrUbPaB 2>6 eyIgmanbnÞat;

GaMgetRkalbI smmUlCamYyviFIvinieyaKTaMgbIxagelI.

bnÞat;GaMgetRkalbgðajedImTunsrub Edldak;cUleTAkñúgsMNg; dl;bNþaxN³eBl

elIRbtiTinkargar. vabgðajcMnYnfvikasrub EdleRbIR)as;kñúgkarGnuvtþkargar

sMNg;dl;xN³eBl t. Cak;Esþg ragbnÞat;GaMgetRkalGaRs½yeTAnigbnÞat;

Diepr:gEsül. bnÞat;GaMgetRkal 2>6 a KWCabnÞat;Rtg;/ bnÞat; 2>6 b KWCa

)a:ra:bUlpt cMENkbnÞat; 2>6 c KWCa)a:ra:bUle)a:g. eRBaH TaMgbIrUbPaBvinieyaK

sMrab;sMNg;mYyCarYm dUcenH tMélcugeRkaysuT§EtesµIKña (C). épÞqñÚtrvagbnÞat;

rUbPaB 2>5> rUbPaBvinieyaKeTAkñúgsMNg;

vinieyaKesµI/ ekInbnþicmþg²/ fybnþicmþg²

rUbPaB 2>6> bnÞat;GaMgetRkaledImTuneTAkñúgsMNg;

vinieyaKesµI/ ekInbnþicmþg²/ fybnþicmþg²



69

GaMgetRkal nig Gk½S (T) bgðajkareRbIR)as;fvikaedImTuneTAkñúgsMNg;. TisedA

rbs;GñkeFIVesdækic© KW eFIVya:gNaeGaykareRbIR)as;TunTabbMput - c,as;las;

eBlbnÞat;GaMetRkalmanépÞqñÚtbeBa¢ógtUcbMput.

cMeBaHsMNg;mYyeTaHCavinieyaKtamviFINak_RtUvFanary³eBlkMNt;sagsg; nig

tMélsrubminERbRbYl. mann½yfa man (T) nig (C) rYmKña. dUcenH CamYynigviFI

KNnaGaMgetRkalsamBaØeyIgKNna)an ³

Fa = 0.5CT ; Fb = 0.33CT ; Fc = 0.66CT

dUecñH eBlbegáItRbtiTinkargarsagsg; eyIgerobcMRKb;RKgbNþakargar

ya:gNaeGay bnÞat;DIepr:gEsülvinieyaKTunekIntamlMdab; edIm,IbnÞat;GaMgetRkal

manépÞtUcbMput.

BitehIy eBlEdlRbtiTinkargarbegáIttambnÞat;GaMgetRkal manépÞtUcbMput

mann½yfa bNþakargarfyeTAeRkay CaBiessbNþakargarmYycMnYn mancMNay

FM nwgbgáreRKaHfñak;eBlRbtiTinkargarmanPaBlMeGog.

IV. bNþaviFIsaRsþRtYtBinitükargarGnuvtþRbtiTinkargar edIm,IsMNg;sagsg; RtwmRtUvtamEpnkar bNþakargarkñúgRbtiTinkargarRtUv)an

GnuvtþRtUveBl. PaBlMeGognimYy² kñúglMnaMsagsg;k_GacnaMdl;lT§plxus

bMNgEdlcg;)an. edIm,IvaytMélTan;eBl nig manviFIsaRsþedaHRsayRtwmRtUv

eKRtUvGnuvtþRbB½n§RtYtBinitükarGnuvtþn_RbtiTinkargarTaMgmUl b¤ kargarmYy

cMnYn. GacRtYtBinitütameBlevlakMNt;mun b¤ minkMNt;mun.



70

eBlRbtiTinkargarsagsg;bgðajelIRkahiVkepþk. eyIgGacGnuvtþRtYtBinitü

tam`BIrviFIsaRsþ³

1. viFIsaRsþBinitütambnÞat;PaKry/

2. viFIsaRsþBinitüRBwtiþkarN_RbcaMéf¶.

1. viFIsaRsþBinitütambnÞat;PaKry

enH KWCaviFIsaRsþeRbIR)as;sMrab; GnuvtþRtYtBinitükargareRcInkñúgxN³eBlmYy

enAelIRbtiTinkargarEdlbgðajedayRkahiVkepþk. elIrUbPaB 2>7 BiBN’na

GMBIviFIRtYtBinitütambnÞat;PaKry.

rUbPaB 2>7> RtYtBinitüRbRktiTinkargaredaybnÞat;PaKry

bnÞat;RtYtBinitü/ bnÞat;PaKry

kargar

¬kagar nig minBinitüeT¦



71

viFIsaRsþenHGnuvtþdUcteTA³ elIRbtiTinkargarEdlsMEdgedayRkahiVkepþk/

kargarnimYy² RtUv)anbgðajedaybnÞat;Rtg;mYyEdlmanRbEvgesµInig 100% én

brimaNkargar. enAxN³eBl t NamYyminkMNt;EdlRtUvRtYtBinitü eKKUs

bnÞat;Rtg;Qr/ bnÞat;enaHehIyKWCabnÞat;RtYtBinitü. elIRbtiTinkargarbNþa

kargarnimYy²sßitenAmYykñúgBIrkrNI. krNIkargarnimYy²)anbBa©b;b¤minTan;

)ancab;epþIm minkat;bnÞat;RtYtBinitü eyIgelIkElg. krNIkargarmYycMnYnkMBug

sagsg; - kat;bnÞat;RtYtBinitü RtUvykTinñn½ybrimaNEdl)anGnuvtþKitmk

dl;xN³eBlenaH. tamPaKrybrimaNTaMgmUl/ cMnYnPaKryGnuvtþ)an RtUv

dak;elIRkahiVk/ BYkvaP¢ab;Kña begáIt)anCabnÞat;PaKry. enaH KWCabnÞat;Gnuvtþ

Cak;Esþg. emIlbnÞat;PaKry eKdwg)ansßanPaBGnuvtþRbtiTinkargar.

ebIbnÞat;PaKryenAxagsþaMcMNit - bNþakargarenaHGnuvtþelIskMritEpnkar/

ebIbnÞat;PaKryenAxageqVgcMNit - kargarGnuvtþyWt. b:uEnþcMNucEdl bnÞat;

PaKryRtYtelIcMcMNit - kargarGnuvtþcMEpnkar.

enHCaviFIsaRsþEtgEteRbIR)as;kñúgkarBinitüminkMNt;mun. vaCYyeGayGñkdwknaM

dwg)ansßanPaBGnuvtþkargarCak;Esþg enAxN³eBlcM)ac;.

2. viFIsaRsþBinitütamRBwtiþkarN_RbcaMéf¶ ¬rUbPaB 2>8¦

enHCaviFIRtYtBinitüral;éf¶rbs;kargarnimYy². tamEpnkar kargarnimYy²

RtUvGnuvtþnUvbrimaNkargarkMNt;mYyCaerogral;éf¶ .



72

kargarTaMgenHRtUvbgðajedaybnÞat;EpnkarmYy Caerogral;éf¶eRkayeBleFIVkar

brimaNkargarGnuvtþ RtUvkMNt;)an nig KUscUleTARkahiVk/ eyIg)anbnÞat;Gnuvtþ.

tamRkahiVkbgðajeyIgnUvsmtßPaBrbs;éf¶nimYy² )ansMerc b¤ min)ansMerc

edIm,I EksRmYlsMrab;éf¶bnþbnÞab;eTot. viFIenHc,as;las; Tan;eBl

b:uEnþxateBlevla eRbIR)as;)anEtsMrab;RkummanCMnaj b¤ kargarTamTarkar

RtYtBinitülMGit.

Casegçb/ bNþaviFIsaRsþxagelI pÁt;pÁg;)anEtsMrab;eGayeyIgnUvsßanPaBGnuvtþ

RbtiTinkargar. cMENkmUlehtu nig plvi)akénPaBlMeGogTaMgenaH

CakarBitbNþaviFIsaRsþxagelIminTan;)anelIkeT,Ig. edIm,Icab;eGay)aneRCARCH

eyIgRtUveFIVkarviPaK nig eRbIR)as;bNþaviFIsaRsþvaytMél nig BüakrN_ Edlnwg

dak;eGayRsavRCavc,as;las;enAbNþaCMBUkbnþeTot.

EpnkarN_/ Gnuvtþn_Caerogral;éf¶

rUbPaB 2>8> RkahiVkkMNt;ehtukargar

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