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The COMETE project:
« Colour of the Ocean by
satellite Methods Exchanges in the Tropical Environment»
Cécile DUPOUY 1
Elisabeth HOLLAND 2
1 Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography,
IRD
2 PACE-SD, USP
GIS-RS 2017, Suva, Fiji
L'IRD dans le ©
Vous êtes ici : Accueil / L'IRD dans le monde /
PacifiqueL'IRD dans le PacifiqueImprimer
Nouvelle-Calédonie
Représentant : Édouard Hnawia, Director
Links with partners of Fiji Islands, Samoa, PNG, Vanuatu, Wallis & Futuna
(MOU with USP, JEAI COPRA).
100 persons
20 oceanographers
2000 persons
GIS-RS 2017, Suva, Fiji
•COMETE Project•Objectives•Algorithm results•Applications•Collaboration•Validation•What’s up in 2018•COMETE contacts
GIS-RS 2017, Suva, Fiji
• Objectives:
“promote the exchange of methods and pool energies and
resources between researchers and students interested by the
utilization of massive ocean colour satellite data for
understanding primary production of phytoplankton in the
tropical Pacific islands and archipelagos”
• Partners :
International Collaborations
• IRD
• PACE-SD University
• of South Pacific
• JAXA H. Murakami
• NASA R. Frouin
………
COMETE Project
GIS-RS 2017, Suva, Fiji
Distinguish Chlorophyll, sedimentary sources, CDOM in coastalareas by regionally adapted algorithms
Mean SeaWiFS Surface Chla in the South Western Pacific
5
Why study ocean colour in the Pacific ?
Fanga Niu’iHihifo
Courtesy Vailala Matato, Antoine N’Yeurt
Harmful algal and red tides, exotic speciesincrease
GIS-RS 2017, Suva, Fiji
Planche 1 Fiji 12 April 1998
Crédit photographique BAN
Trichodesmium and other
filamentous algae
*
Trichodesmium bloom forming 1998
SeawifsNitrogen fixation and carbon sink
GIS-RS 2017, Suva, Fiji
Batral Jacques
Cartier
Planche 2 New Caledonia Fiji 9 March 2004
2004
Seawifs
GIS-RS 2017, Suva, Fiji
2010
MODIS
**
Batral Jacques
Cartier
Gardian
Planche 3 New Caledonia Fiji 9 Febuary 2010
GIS-RS 2017, Suva, Fiji
Vanuatu
New-Caledonia Loyalty Is.
Viti Levu Fiji Is.
https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=85073
2014
MODIS
Planche 4 New Caledonia Fiji 15 december 2014
GIS-RS 2017, Suva, Fiji
"Sea Sawdust" in the Southwest Pacific
Ocean
January 16, 2015
COMETE objectives
– Join/or build an international research program centered on Pacific Islands
– Use all ocean colour sensors MODIS, Sentinel 2, 3, Himawari-8, GCOM-C around the Pacific Islands
– Apply the most performant algorithms for lagoons and coastal zone surveys
• Study low frequency variability (El Nino/La Nina cycle impacts) as well as extreme meteorological events
• Analyse long-term series…in relation with climate change, fisheries surveys
• Estimate nitrogen fixation and carbon sink
GIS-RS 2017, Suva, Fiji
Absorbed and scattered light
Absorption
Phytoplancton
absorbe la lumière
bleue
Eau absorbe
la lumière
rouge
Absorption
Phytoplancton
absorbe la lumière
bleue
Eau absorbe
la lumière
rouge
Rétrodiffusion
Lumière bleue rétrodiffusée
efficacement
Rétrodiffusion
Lumière bleue rétrodiffusée
efficacement
Backscatter absorption
Spectral dependency
Ocean colour : the sea is not blue!
Phytoplankton species
Trichodesmium Minerals + detritus
CDOM
GIS-RS 2017, Suva, Fiji
CDOM : Dissolved organic matterUV absorbingassociated with metals and pollutants
Turbidity : particles density in F.T.U. Scatters in the yellow
Chlorophyll: phytoplankton biomass (mg.m-3)Absorbs in the blue
Retrieve 4 Optical components
Trichodesmium absorbs in the Blue & gives a red edge
GIS-RS 2017, Suva, Fiji
▪ Turbidity estimation from reflectance ratios in situ
Ouillon et al., 2008, Remote Sensing
▪ Error on bathymetry retrieval (Lyzenga’s) Meris
Minghelli-Roman and Dupouy, 2013, JSTARS
▪ Bottom color classification Meris
Minghelli-Roman and Dupouy, 2014, JSTARS
▪ Chlorophyll inversion AVNIR2
Murakami and Dupouy, 2013, Appl. Optics
▪ Trichodesmium slick detection SeaWiFS, MODIS
Dupouy et al., 2011, Biogeosciences
Rousset et al., submitted, Biogeosciences
▪ Chla retrieval lagoons MODIS
Wattelez et al., 2016, Remote Sensing
▪ Turbidity retrieval shallow waters MODIS
Wattelez et al., 2017, Water
• Modelling
Fuchs et al., 2012,
Algorithm results from COMETE
GIS-RS 2017, Suva, Fiji
Trichodesmium cycle in the SWTP decrypted ?
El Nino years
Blooms in Jan-Feb, El Nino years favourable…
GIS-RS 2017, Suva, Fiji
Tricho b
loom
pix
el (%
)
97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10
Reproduced by a 3D coupled model….
Chlorophyll increases after rain x 3 !!! January 2008 March 2008
GIS-RS 2017, Suva, Fiji
Turbidity increases by a factor of 2 !!
Raw Modis image Turbidity classes
GIS Map 1 Gis map 2
Lagoon transparency drives coral reefs growth….Detection of turbid plumes !GIS-RS 2017, Suva, Fiji
MODIS shows the seasonal phytoplankton cycle…
Bays/open ocean
M33 OC1GD10
J M M J S N D J M M J S N D J M M J S N D
Mars
Septembre
M33 OC1GD10
J M M J S N D J M M J S N D J M M J S N D
M33 OC1GD10
J M M J S N D J M M J S N D J M M J S N D
M33 OC1GD10
J M M J S N D J M M J S N D J M M J S N D
Mars
Septembre
0.4
0.55
0.30
GIS-RS 2017, Suva, Fiji
• About nitrogen fixation
Will the ocean be a bigger carbon sink ? Will there
be more CO2 fixation fueled by nitrogen fixing
blooms ?
Some questions arise…
GIS-RS 2017, Suva, Fiji
Will the amount of
harmful algal and red
tides increase, exotic
species increase due
to increasing
exchanges ?
• About toxic invasive species
Some questions arise…
GIS-RS 2017, Suva, Fiji
• About overfishing and pollutions
Will we better protect our lagoons ? Will the
fisheries still sustained ?
Some questions arise…
GIS-RS 2017, Suva, Fiji
• Use of satellite for lagoon surveys, plume detection, case studies … GIS-RS 2017, Suva, Fiji
From satellite to decision makers
Products prepared for management
Research and Valorization
South Pacific Ocean Time Series (PI BIEGALA)
GIS-RS 2017, Suva, Fiji
MOISE
MOISE station (lagoon) (PI DUPOUY RODIER)
COMETE validations
C Chl a (mg m-3) D Turbidity 1
2
A CDOM (m-1) B bbp (m-1) 1
2
Collaborations
Characterizing Chlorophyll Plumes in Fiji Waters using Remote Sensing of Ocean Colour and spectrofluorometry
Timoci Koliyavu PHS student : 2018-2020Jérôme Lefèvre, Awnesh Singh, Cécile Dupouy
GIS-RS 2017, Suva, Fiji
COMETE network
will benefit from
•expertise in Ocean colour remotesensing (SWP algorithms !)
• experience in communicatingresearch results to decision
makers
•new sensors Sentinel2-3, Himawari 8 GCOM-C
GIS-RS 2017, Suva, Fiji
Thanks to all collaborators !
IRD: Jérôme Lefèvre MODIS data base (Sentinel3)Guillaume Wattelez (algorithms)Chloe Martias (CDOM, spectrofluorescence)Rosalie Fuchs (modelling)
LSIS Toulon: Audrey Minghelli-Roman
Scripps Institution of Oceanography: Robert Frouin
JAXA: Hiroshi Murakami
HZG: Rüdiger Röttgers
Bluecham: Rémi AndréoliUSP: Awnesh Singh
…
GIS-RS 2017, Suva, Fiji
For the COMETE Workshop (2018)Elisabeth Holland & Cécile Dupouy
For observations /cruisesCecile Dupouy, Isabelle Biegala
For observations around FijiTimoci Koliyavu
For algorithmsGuillaume Wattelez
For applicationsBluecham
COMETE Contacts
THANKS TO WOLF FORSTREUTER AND EVERYBODY FOR LISTENING
VINAKA !
GIS-RS 2017, Suva, Fiji
Sentinel 3 01/17 Sentinel 3 01/17