Comelec Quiz

8/16/2019 Comelec Quiz

1/19

EN BANC

G.R. No. 195649 July 2, 2013

CASAN MACODE MACQUILING, E!I!IONER,"#.COMMISSION ON ELEC!IONS, ROMMEL ARNADO $ CAGOCO, AND LINOG G.BALUA. RESONDEN!S.

R E S O L U ! I O N

SERENO, J.:

!% R'#olu(&o) *'#ol"'# (%' Mo(&o) +o* R'o)#&-'*(&o) +&l'- /y *'#o)-')( o) My 10, 2013)- (%' Sul'')(l Mo(&o) +o* R'o)#&-'*(&o) +&l'- o) My 20, 2013.

' *' )o( u)*' (%( (%' ('* o+ o++&' o+ (%' lol o++&&l# 'l'('- &) (%' My 2010'l'(&o)# %# l*'-y ')-'- o) Ju)' 30, 2010. A*)-o, (%'*'+o*', %# #u'##+ully +&)%'-% ('* o+ o++&'. %&l' (%' *'l&'+ #ou%( ) )o lo)'* /' *)('-, *ul&) o) (%' o(&o) +o**'o)#&-'*(&o) &o*()( # &( &ll '&(%'* ++&* (%' "l&-&(y o+ A*)-o# 'l'(&o) o* ++&*(%( A*)-o )'"'* ul&+&'- (o *u) +o* u/l& o++&'.

R'#o)-')( +&l'- (o -")' )y *u')( (o #uo*( % l' +o* (%' *'"'*#l o+ (%Cou*(# D'&o) -('- A*&l 16, 2013. I)#('-, %' *'#')('- % ol%')(# # (%'Myo* o+ 7u#), L)o -'l No*(' )- *'&('*('- (%( %' %# (8') (%' O(% o+ All'&)')o( o)ly (&' /u( #& (&'#. I( u#( /' #(*'##'-, %o'"'*, (%( (%' *'l'")( u'#(&o) (%''++&y o+ % *')u)&(&o) o+ % +o*'&) &(&:')#%& )- )o( (%' (8&) o+ (%' O(% o+

All'&)' (o (%' R'u/l& o+ (%' %&l&&)'#. N'&(%'* -o % ol%')(# # yo*++'( (%' u'#(&o) /'+o*' (% Cou*(.

R'#o)-')( &('# S'(&o) 349 o+ (%' I&*(&o) )- N(u*l&:(&o) A( o+ (%' U)&('- S(('## %"&) (%' '++'( o+ '(*&(&o) %') %' ''u('- % A++&-"&( o+ R')u)&(&o) o+A'*&) C&(&:')#%& o) A*&l 3, 2009 )- (%u# l&# (%( %' # -&"'#('- o+ % A'*&)&(&:')#%&. I+ &)-''-, *'#o)-')( # -&"'#('- o+ ll (%' *&%(# o+ ) A'*&) &(&:'), (%'+( (%( %' # #(&ll /l' (o u#' % US ##o*( +('* ''u(&) % A++&-"&( o+ R')u)&(&o)*'u-&('# (% l&.

!%' Cou*( ))o( (8' ;u-&&l )o(&' o+ +o*'&) l#,1 %&% u#( /' *'#')('- # u/l&-ou')(#2 o+ +o*'&) ou)(*y )- u#( /'


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A'*&) l -o'# )o( o"'*) &) (% ;u*-&(&o). I)#('-, S'(&o) 40>-? o+ (%' LolGo"'*)')( Co-' ll# +o* l&(&o) &) (%' #' /'+o*' u#, &"') (%' +( (%( ( (%' (&'A*)-o +&l'- % '*(&+&(' o+ )-&-y, %' # )o( o)ly @&l&&)o &(&:') /u(, /y % o)-'l*(&o), l#o ) A'*&) &(&:'). I( (%' l&(&o) o+ (% l )- )o( o+ )y +o*'&)l (%( #'*"'# # (%' /# +o* A*)-o# -ul&+&(&o) (o *u) +o* )y lol 'l'(&"'o#&(&o).

&(% ll -u' *'#'( (o (%' -#')(, (%' -'l*'- ol&y o+ R'u/l& A( No. >RA? 9225 (%(-? o+ (%' Lol Go"'*)')( Co-' %&% -ul&+&'# (%o#' &(% -ul &(&:')#%&+*o *u))&) +o* )y 'l'(&"' lol o#&(&o), &)-&('# ol&y (%( )yo)' %o #''8# (o *u)+o* u/l& o++&' u#( /' #ol'ly )- 'lu#&"'ly @&l&&)o &(&:'). !o llo +o*'* @&l&&)o

%o *'u&*'# %&l&&)' &(&:')#%& (o o)(&)u' u#&) +o*'&) ##o*( %&% &)-&('#(%' *'o)&(&o) o+ +o*'&) #((' o+ (%' &)-&"&-ul # &(# )(&o)l '"') +('* (%' @&l&&)o %#*')ou)'- % +o*'&) &(&:')#%&, (o llo ol'(' -*'*- o+ (% ol&y.

@u*(%'*, ' *'#'(+ully -*'' (%( (%' ;o*&(y -'&o) *ul'# o) #&(u(&o) o+ -ou/(.

I)-''-, (%'*' )o -ou/( (%( S'(&o) 40>-? o+ (%' Lol Go"'*)')( Co-' -ul&+&'# (%o#'&(% -ul &(&:')#%& +*o *u))&) +o* lol 'l'(&"' o#&(&o)#.

!%'*' l&8'' )o -ou/( (%( (%' u#' o+ ##o*( o#&(&"' -'l*(&o) (%( o)' &(&:') o+ (%' ou)(*y %&% #u'- (%' ##o*(, o* (%( ##o*( *o"'# (%( (%' ou)(*y%&% #u'- &( *'o)&:'# (%' '*#o) )'- (%'*'&) # &(# )(&o)l.

I( u)u'#(&o)'- (%( A*)-o )(u*l /o*) @&l&&)o &(&:'), o* (%( %' u&*'- A'*&)&(&:')#%& /y )(u*l&:(&o). !%'*' )o -ou/( (%( %' *'u&*'- % @&l&&)o &(&:')#%& /y(8&) % O(% o+ All'&)' (o (%' %&l&&)'# )- (%( %' *')ou)'- % A'*&)&(&:')#%&. I( l#o &)-u/&(/l' (%( +('* *')ou)&) % A'*&) &(&:')#%&, A*)-o u#'-% U.S. ##o*( ( l'#( #& (&'#.

I+ (%'*' )y *'&)&) -ou/(, &( *'*-&) (%' '++&y o+ A*)-o# *')u)&(&o) o+ %A'*&) &(&:')#%& %') %' #u/#'u')(ly u#'- % U.S. ##o*(. !%' *')u)&(&o) o++o*'&) &(&:')#%& u#( /' ol'(' )- u)'u&"ol. !%' *'u&*'')( (%( (%' *')u)&(&o)u#( /' -' (%*ou% ) o(% '%#&:'# (%' #ol') -u(y o+ (%' o)' 8&) (%' o(% o+*')u)&(&o) (o *'&) (*u' (o %( %' %# #o*) (o. Allo&) (%' #u/#'u')( u#' o+ +o*'&) ##o*( /'u#' &( o)"')&')( +o* (%' '*#o) (o -o #o *')-'*&) (%' o(%

%ollo (. I( -'"lu'# (%' ( o+ (8&) o+ ) o(%, *'-u&) &( (o '*' '*'o)&l +o*l&(y.

!%' -#')( #(('# (%( (%' Cou*( %# '++'(&"'ly l'+( A*)-o


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u)l'## (%' +o*'')(&o)'- +&)-&)# *' )o( #uo*('- /y #u/#()(&l '"&-')'. !%'y *'o*-'- )o( o)ly *'( *'#'( /u( '"') +&)l&(y, )- *' /&)-&) uo) (% Cou*(, u)l'## &( #%o) (%( (%' -&)(*(&"' /o-y %- */&(**&ly -*'*-'- o* *'%')-'- '"&-')'/'+o*' &( (o #u% ) '(')( # (o o'l o)(**y o)lu#&o) %- #u% '"&-')' /'')*o'*ly *'&('-.9

N'"'*(%'l'##, &( u#( /' '%#&:'- (%( COMELEC @&*#( D&"&o) +ou)- (%( A*)-o u#'-% U.S. ##o*( ( l'#( #& (&'# +('* %' *')ou)'- % A'*&) &(&:')#%&. !% #-'/u)8'- /y (%' COMELEC E) B), %&% +ou)- (%( A*)-o o)ly u#'- % U.S. ##o*(+ou* (&'#, )- %&% *''- &(% A*)-o# l& (%( %' o)ly u#'- % U.S. ##o*( o)(%o#' o#&o)# /'u#' % %&l&&)' ##o*( # )o( y'( #u'-. !%' COMELEC E) B)*u'- (%( A*)-o # /l' (o *o"' (%( %' u#'- % %&l&&)' ##o*( +o* % (*"'l# o)(%' +ollo&) -('# 12 J)u*y 2010, 31 J)u*y 2010, 31 M*% 2010, 16 A*&l 2010, 20 My2010, )- 4 Ju)' 2010.

No)' o+ (%'#' -('# o&)&-' &(% (%' (o o(%'* -('# &)-&('- &) (%' '*(&+&(&o) #u'- /y(%' Bu*'u o+ I&*(&o) #%o&) (%( o) 21 J)u*y 2010 )- o) 23 M*% 2010, A*)-o**&"'- &) (%' %&l&&)'# u#&) % U.S. ##o*( No. 05200 %&% l#o &)-&('- (%'*'&)

(%( % )(&o)l&(y USA=A'*&). A--&) (%'#' (o (*"'l -('# (o (%' (*"'l *'o*-*o"&-'- /y (%' Bu*'u o+ I&*(&o) #%o&) (%( A*)-o l#o *'#')('- % U.S. ##o*(+ou* (&'# >uo) -'*(u*' o) 14 A*&l 2009, uo) **&"l o) 25 Ju)' 2009, uo) -'*(u*' o)29 July 2009 )- uo) **&"l o) 24 No"'/'* 2009?, (%'#' &)&-')(# #u u (o #&.

!%' COMELEC E) B) o)lu-'- (%(


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@oo()o('#

1 B')'-&(o ". CA, G.R. No. 125359, 4 S'('/'* 2001, &(&) F-. -' '*': ". !ol'(',

232 SCRA 22, 35 >1994?, %&% &) (u*) &('- %&l&&)' Co'*&l )- I)-u#(*&lB)8 ". E#ol&), 5 SCRA 266 >194?.

2 S'' S'. 19, Rul' 132 o+ (%' Rul'# o+ Cou*(

SEC. 19. Cl##'# o+ Dou')(#. @o* (%' u*o#' o+ (%'&* *'#')((&o) &)'"&-')', -ou')(# *' '&(%'* u/l& o* *&"('.

u/l& -ou')(# *'

>? !%' *&((') o++&&l (#, o* *'o*-# o+ (%' o++&&l (# o+ (%' #o"'*'&)u(%o*&(y, o++&&l /o-&'# )- (*&/u)l#, )- u/l& o++&'*#, %'(%'* o+ (%'

%&l&&)'#, o* o+ +o*'&) ou)(*y.

3 S'. 24, Rul' 132 o+ (%' Rul'# o+ Cou*(

SEC. 24. *oo+ o+ o++&&l *'o*-. !%' *'o*- o+ u/l& -ou')(# *'+'**'- (o&) **% >? o+ S'(&o) 19, %') -#&/l' +o* )y u*o#', y /''"&-')'- /y ) o++&&l u/l&(&o) (%'*'o+ o* /y oy (('#('- /y (%' o++&'*%"&) (%' l'l u#(o-y o+ (%' *'o*-, o* /y % -'u(y, )- o)&'-, &+(%' *'o*- )o( 8'( &) (%' %&l&&)'#, &(% '*(&+&(' (%( #u% o++&'* %#(%' u#(o-y. I+ (%' o++&' &) %&% (%' *'o*- 8'( &) +o*'&) ou)(*y, (%''*(&+&(' y /' -' /y #'*'(*y o+ (%' '/##y o* l'(&o), o)#ul')'*l, o)#ul, "&' o)#ul, o* o)#ul* ')( o* /y )y o++&'* &) (%' +o*'&)

#'*"&' o+ (%' %&l&&)'# #((&o)'- &) (%' +o*'&) ou)(*y &) %&% (%' *'o*- 8'(, )- u(%')(&('- /y (%' #'l o+ % o++&'.

4 Mo(&o) +o* R'o)#&-'*(&o), . 2

5 S'. 2, RA 9225.

6 S'. 5. C&"&l )- ol&(&l R&%(# )- L&/&l&(&'#. !%o#' %o *'(&) o* *'u&*'%&l&&)' &(&:')#%& u)-'* (% A( #%ll ');oy +ull &"&l )- ol&(&l *&%(# )- /'#u/;'( (o ll ((')-)( l&/&l&(&'# )- *'#o)#&/&l&(&'# u)-'* '(&) l# o+ (%'%&l&&)'# )- (%' +ollo&) o)-&(&o)#

>2? !%o#' #''8&) 'l'(&"' u/l& o++&' &) (%' %&l&&)'# #%ll ''( (%'ul&+&(&o)# +o* %ol-&) #u% u/l& o++&' # *'u&*'- /y (%' Co)#(&(u(&o))- '(&) l# )-, ( (%' (&' o+ (%' +&l&) o+ (%' '*(&+&(' o+ )-&-y,8' '*#o)l )- #o*) *')u)&(&o) o+ )y )- ll +o*'&) &(&:')#%&/'+o*' )y u/l& o++&'* u(%o*&:'- (o -&)('* ) o(%H

SEC!ION 40. Dul&+&(&o)#. !%' +ollo&) '*#o)# *' -ul&+&'- +*o*u))&) +o* )y 'l'(&"' lol o#&(&o)

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6/19

;G.R. No. 1

?(@ (N?(" . (MP(@(N, /7M/ A. 7N@(, R., 7/R(7M /. /7R@(R,

("N /. ?(@?7, M7C(B" /. ?7R(NG(RN, (N(7 . "7M/N(,

R@M(N A. 7N@(, ("N@?7N M. (/@(7", ?(@(( @. (?7, /RG7D(. ?(@M(NNG, FR??7 G. M(NG@?(?(@ an! (//( (. PN?(@N, =R.,

Petitioners, v. CMM77N N "C7N, ?(@ (C(R7( (. C(N?(, ?(@

NR?7N M. M(("(M, B(R7 M. /(R(G@7R, P(GR( ?. /7R@(R, C((R

PN?( 7/(E, P(@"( . 7", M(RM(" B. "(@/(N, MN(NG .

B(/(G(N7, "7(/ C. M(@B(, G(PR (. R(=(M@?(, (7? . ("7B an!

"7N( G. (N?7G(N, Respondents.

? C 7 7 N

P(R?, J.:

he case s a &etton $or certiorari an! &roh#ton *n!er R*le 6< n relaton to R*le 65 o$

the Revse! R*les o$ Co*rt )th &relmnar% n*ncton or tem&orar% restrann+ or!er 1 to

n*ll$% an! set as!e t)o 2 or!ers !ate! =*l% 26, 2001 2 an! (*+*st 28, 2001 ' o$ the

Commsson on lectons CM"C, or!ern+ a ran!om techncal e4amnaton o$

&ertnent electon &ara&hernala an! other !oc*ments n several m*nc&altes n the

&rovnce o$ Ma+*n!anao to !etermne a $al*re o$ electons.

Pettoners < an! res&on!ents 5 )ere can!!ates $or the &rovncal electve &ostons n the

&rovnce o$ Ma+*n!anao n the Ma% 1


7/19

!a%, an! n some &recncts, the #allot #o4es, o$$cal #allots an! other electon

&ara&hernala )ere not !elvere! at all. 8

n Ma% 25, 2001, the Comelec ss*e! an or!er s*s&en!n+ the &roclamaton o$ the )nnn+

can!!ates $or con+ressman o$ the secon! !strct, +overnor, vceI+overnor an! #oar!

mem#ers o$ Ma+*n!anao. 9

n Ma% '0, 2001, &ettoners $le! )th the Comelec a moton to l$t the s*s&enson o$

&roclamaton. 10 n =*ne 1


8/19

n cto#er 22, 2001, the Comelec ss*e! an or!er s*s&en!n+ the m&lementaton o$ the

t)o 2 assale! or!ers, the &ertnent &orton o$ )hch rea!s as $ollo)s: +c:chanro#les.com.&h

Hhe Commsson, n ve) o$ the &en!enc% o$ G. R. No. 1


9/19

ass*me that &ettoners3 &roclamaton an! ass*m&ton nto o$$ce on =*ne '0, 2001, )as

le+al &recsel% #eca*se the con!*ct #% )hch the electons )ere hel! )as &*t n ss*e #%

res&on!ents n ther &etton $or ann*lment o$ electon res*lts an!or !eclaraton o$ $al*re

o$ electons.

Res&on!ents3 alle+aton o$ massve $ra*! an! terrorsm that atten!e! the Ma% 1


10/19

concerne! #*t some)here else )here massve man*$act*re o$ #allots an! electon

!oc*ments )ere &er&etrate!.H '2

he Comelec en #anc has the a*thort% to ann*l electon res*lts an!or !eclare a $al*re o$

electons. '' ecton 6 o$ the mn#*s lecton Co!e $*rther &rov!es that: +c:chanro#les.com.&h

HC7N 6. Fal*re o$ electon. L 7$, on acco*nt o$ $orce mae*re, volence, terrorsm,

$ra*!, or other analo+o*s ca*ses the electon n an% &olln+ &lace has not #een hel! on the

!ate $4e!, or ha! #een s*s&en!e! #e$ore the ho*r $4e! #% la) $or the closn+ o$ the votn+,

or a$ter the votn+ an! !*rn+ the &re&araton an! the transmsson o$ the electon ret*rns

or n the c*sto!% or canvass thereo$, s*ch electon res*lts n a $al*re to elect, an! n an% o$

s*ch cases the $al*re or s*s&enson o$ electon )o*l! a$$ect the res*lt o$ the electon, the

Commsson shall, on the #ass o$ a ver$e! &etton #% an% ntereste! &art% an! a$ter !*e

notce an! hearn+, call $or the hol!n+ or contn*aton o$ the electon not hel!, s*s&en!e!

or )hch res*lte! n a $al*re to elect #*t not later than thrt% !a%s a$ter the cessaton o$ the

ca*se o$ s*ch &ost&onement or s*s&enson o$ the electon o$ $al*re to elect.H crala) vrt*a1a) l#rar%

l*c!atn+ on the conce&t o$ $al*re o$ electon, )e hel! that: +c:chanro#les.com.&h

H. . . #e$ore Comelec can act on a ver$e! &etton seen+ to !eclare a $al*re o$ electon,

t)o 2 con!tons m*st conc*r: $rst, no votn+ has taen &lace n the &recncts concerne!

on the !ate $4e! #% la) or, even $ there )as votn+, the electon nevertheless res*lte! n a

$al*re to electK an! secon!, the votes cast )o*l! a$$ect the res*lt o$ the electon. 7n "oon+ v.

Commsson on lectons, ths Co*rt a!!e! that the ca*se o$ s*ch $al*re o$ electon sho*l!

have #een an% o$ the $ollo)n+: $orce mae*re, volence, terrorsm, $ra*! or other

analo+o*s cases.H '<

7n another case, )e r*le! that H)hle t ma% #e tr*e that electon !! tae &lace, the

rre+*lartes that marre! the co*ntn+ o$ votes an! the canvassn+ o$ the electon ret*rns

res*lte! n a $al*re to elect.H '5

7n the case at #ar, the Comelec s !*t%I#o*n! to con!*ct an nvest+aton as to the veract%

o$ res&on!ents3 alle+atons o$ massve $ra*! an! terrorsm that atten!e! the con!*ct o$ the

Ma% 1


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?av!e, =r., C.J., /ellosllo, P*no, Dt*+, Ba&*nan, Men!oza, Pan+an#an, A*s*m#n+,

/*ena, EnaresIanta+o, ?e "eon, =r. an! Car&o, JJ., conc*r.

e&arate &nons

M", J.:

7 am constrane! to !ssent $rom the maort% o&non &enne! #% Mr. =*stce /ernar!o P.

Par!o #eca*se o$ the $ar reachn+ m&lcatons on the $*t*re con!*ct o$ natonal electons

as s*&ervse! an! a!mnstere! #% the Commsson on lectons an! ts han!ln+ o$

res*ltn+ electon contests.

Pettoners -*eston the *rs!cton o$ the Commsson on lectons CM"C to tae

co+nzance o$ an! act *&on &rvate res&on!ents3 &etton to !eclare a $al*re o$ electons n

ten 10 m*nc&altes o$ Ma+*n!anao !*rn+ the Ma% 1


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or to !eclare a $al*re o$ electons n 10 o*t o$ the 21 m*nc&altes o$ Ma+*n!anao.

Res&on!ents alle+e! the &reI$lln+ o$ #allots an! other electon !oc*ments on the !a%

#e$ore the Ma% 1


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nstant case.

n Novem#er 20, 2001, ths Co*rt, actn+ on an *r+ent man$estaton an! moton o$

&ettoner /m#o A. ns*at, r., ss*e! a R, or!ern+ CM"C to cease an! !esst

$rom !rectn+ the l$tn+ o$ the s*s&enson or!er )hch nterr*&te! the m&lementaton o$

the =*l% 26 an! =*l% 28, 2001 resol*tons. n ?ecem#er , 2001, the CM"C Charmanor!ere! m&lementaton o$ the Hcease an! !esstH R o$ ths Co*rt.

Prvate res&on!ents $le! ther Comment on the nstant &etton on Novem#er 29, 2001. he

olctorIGeneral $le! a Comment $or CM"C on =an*ar% 2, 2001. ( Consol!ate!

Re&l% )as $le! on =an*ar% , 2002 $ollo)e! #% a Man$estaton th @r+ent Moton o

"$t R $le! #% the &rvate res&on!ents.

he ss*es n ths case revolve aro*n! the e4ercse o$ CM"C &o)er. Pettoners alle+e

that *n!er the crc*mstances o$ the case, CM"C has no *rs!cton to !eclare a

$al*re o$ electons n the 10 m*nc&altes state! n ther &ettons. Pettoners o#ect to the

lmte!, ran!om, an! $arI$romIthoro*+h techncal e4amnaton, shortIc*ttn+ all ste&s an!&rocee!n+s )hch le! to ther &roclamaton. he% sa% that the electon rre+*lartes

alle+e! #% &rvate res&on!ent sho*l! #e cons!ere! #% CM"C *n!er ts a*thort% to

a!*!cate electon contests.

hen ma% a $al*re o$ electon #e val!l% !eclare! #% CM"C n the e4ercse o$ ts

e4ec*tveIa!mnstratve &o)er n the other han!, )hen s the controvers% a&&ro&rate

$or CM"C actn+ as a *!cal #o!% 7n #oth cases, the +ro*n!s #ase! on $ra*!,

rre+*lartes, an! ntm!aton ma% #e the same. o)ever thn tho*+h the lne o$

se&araton ma% #e, there s a *rs!ctonal !stncton n the e4ercse o$ &o)er. (n! the

!stncton s #ase! on no less than the Constt*ton ecton 2, (rt. 7IC, Constt*ton.

he tra!tonal $*ncton o$ CM"C snce ts creaton n 19K (rat*c v. CM"C, 88 CR( 251 ;199>K mar v. CM"C,

102 CR( 621 ;1981>K anchez v. CM"C, 11< CR( .

he sco&e o$ CM"C3s *rs!cton to !eclare a $al*re o$ electons ma% #e #roa! #*t t

has to #e lmte! to the stat*tor% +rant o$ &o)er. More so snce electons have alrea!% #een

hel! an! )nnn+ can!!ates have #een &roclame!.

7n 19', the revse! Constt*ton a!!e! the *!cal $*ncton o$ a!*!catn+ certan


14/19

electon contests to CM"C *rs!cton ec. 2, (rt. 77IC o$ the 19' Constt*ton.

he &roce!*res $ollo)e! n a *!cal contest are mare!l% !$$erent $rom those *se! #%

CM"C n ts en$orcement an! a!mnstratve machner%. he t)o $*nctons cannot #e

m4e! *& n one n!scrmnate &rocee!n+. he a!mnstratve $*ncton sho*l! not

s*&erse!e or encroach on the e4ercse o$ *!cal &o)ers over electon contests.

7n electon contests, CM"C s no lon+er concerne! )th the en$orcement o$ the la)s or

the con!*ct o$ electons. 4ercsn+ ts *!cal $*nctons, CM"C ascertans )ho

#et)een the conten!n+ can!!ates act*all% receve! the maort% or &l*ralt% o$ the

le+tmate or val! #allots Gar!ner v. Rom*lo, 26 Phl. 521 ;191.

@n!er the &resent Constt*ton, CM"C e4ercses or+nal *rs!cton over all

contests, relatn+ to the electon, ret*rns, an! -*al$catons o$ all electve re+onal,

&rovncal, an! ct% o$$cals, an! a&&ellate *rs!cton over electon contests nvolvn+

electve m*nc&al an! #aran+a% o$$cals ec. 2, (rt. 7DIC o$ the 198 Constt*ton. he

-*eston ase! n electon &rotests s )ho are the real choces o$ the &eo&le ?e Mesa v.

Mencas, 18 CR( 9'' ;1966>K Garca v. Co*rt o$ (&&eals, '6 CR( 582 ;190>. h*s,alle+atons o$ $ra*! an! rre+*lartes n the castn+ an! co*ntn+ o$ #allots an! canvass o$

ret*rns are e4amne! )th the en! n ve) o$ ascertann+ )ho amon+ the contestants s the

le+tmate )nnn+ can!!ate an! not $or the hol!n+ or contn*aton o$ $ale! or s*s&en!e!

electons.

he !stncton s m&ortant n the case at #ar. ?! &rvate res&on!ents correctl% nvoe the

en$orcement &o)ers o$ CM"C )hen the% $le! ther &ettons to !eclare a $al*re o$

electons r sho*l! the% have resorte! to a re+*lar electon contest )here the alle+e!

$ra*!s, rre+*lartes, an! terrorsm ma% #e e4amne! to !etermne )ho #et)een the

&ettoners an! the &rvate res&on!ents are the le+tmate choces o$ the voters o$

Ma+*n!anao

(s conten!e! #% &ettoners, the val!t% o$ the votes cast, the tr*th o$ alle+e! coercve or

$ra*!*lent acts, an! other -*estons as to )ho o$ the can!!ates act*all% an! tr*l% receve!

the maort% o$ the votes L these are $or an electon contest to !etermne.

7n son v. CM"C ''< CR( 10 ;1999>, )e r*le! that *n!er the &ertnent

&rovsons o$ the mn#*s lecton Co!e, there are onl% three nstances )here a $al*re o$

electons ma% #e !eclare!, namel%: chanro#1es vrt*al 1a) l#rar%

a he electon n an% &olln+ &lace has not #een hel! on the !ate $4e!, on acco*nt o$ $orce

mae*re, volence, terrorsm, $ra*!, or other analo+o*s ca*sesK or

# he electon n an% &olln+ &lace ha! not #een s*s&en!e! #e$ore the ho*r $4e! #% la)

$or the closn+ o$ the votn+ on acco*nt o$ $orce mae*re, volence, terrorsm, $ra*!, or

other analo+o*s ca*seK or

c ($ter the votn+ an! !*rn+ the &re&araton an! transmsson o$ the electon ret*rns or

n the c*sto!% or canvass thereo$, s*ch electon res*lts n a $al*re to elect on acco*nt o$


15/19

$orce mae*re, volence, terrorsm, $ra*!, or other analo+o*s ca*ses.

(s n son v. CM"C a &anstan+ e4amnaton o$ the recor! o$ the nstant case

)o*l! sho) that there )as no $al*re o$ electons as &rov!e! *n!er the mn#*s lecton

Co!e.

lectons )ere act*all% hel! on Ma% 1


16/19

Ma+*n!anao on Ma% 1


17/19

Canvassers . . .

CM"C too notce, n ts r!er, o$ the sero*s alle+atons o$ res&on!ents that there

)as a total $al*re o$ electons n 9 m*nc&altes !*e to Hmassve $ra*! commtte! &ror to

the act*al votn+, )!es&rea! terrorsm an! volence &ror to an! !*rn+ electon !a%.H 7t

also cons!ere! the alle+aton on sham an! $arccal electonsH n 8 m*nc&altes.CM"C looe! nto the !e+ree o$ the alle+e! $ra*! an! ts overall e$$ects #e$ore t

or!ere! &roclamaton.

CM"C cte! the case o$ ?a+loc v. CM"C '21 CR( 2' ;1999>, that H+ro*n!s

)hch are &ro&er $or electoral contests L )hch are the same as +ro*n!s $or the

!eclaraton o$ $al*re o$ electons L sho*l! not #e allo)e! to !ela% the &roclamaton o$

)nners.H crala) vrt*a1a) l#rar%

7t s -*te o#vo*s that n contn*n+ )th the $al*reIo$Ielecton &rocee!n+s a$ter or!ern+

&roclamaton, CM"C has ncl*!e! n ts en$orcement $*nctons, -*estons )hch t

acno)le!+es are also a&&ro&rate $or an electon contest. CM"C m*st a!o&t the&ro&er &roce!*re. ho*l! t act as an a!mnstratve en$orcer o$ electon la)s or as a

*!cal tr#*nal a!*!catn+ an electon contest

7n ts =*ne 1


18/19

electon cases )thn ts *rs!cton. he &artes menton the tensons, volent !st*r#ances

an! other !an+ers to &eace an! or!er )hch co*l! arse $rom the nc!ents o$ ths case.

7n ?a+loc v. CM"C, s*&ra an! ?ma&oro v. CM"C 186 CR( 69 ;1990>, )e

em&hasze! that &*#lc &olc% $ro)ns *&on the occ*rrence o$ H+ra#ItheI&roclamaton an!

&rolon+Ithe &rotestH st*atons. o)ever, 7 #eleve that the &oss#lt% o$ s*ch anocc*rrence, es&ecall% $ t s !e#ata#le, sl+ht, or *nlel%, has to #e #alance! a+anst the

clear an! &resent !an+ers create! #% a len+th% &ero! o$ nonI&roclamaton o$ )nners or,

)orse, a &rovsonal *nseatn+ o$ nc*m#ent o$$cals #ase! on a &er$*nctor% an! ran!om

e4amnaton o$ a lmte! n*m#er o$ #allots.

he Co*rt m*st +*ar! a+anst &roclamaton +ra##n+ on one han! an! the e-*all%

&ernco*s e$$ects o$ *nseatn+ &roclame! )nners on the #ass o$ ran!om techncal

e4amnatons or an m&ro&erl% !eclare! $al*re o$ electons.

@n!er the crc*mstances o$ the case at han!, the +ro*n!s rase! $or a !eclaraton o$ $al*re

o$ electons are more correctl% a!!resse! n electon contests. 7n ?ma&oro v. CM"C,7#!., )e state! that H&*#lc nterest re-*res that the &ostons $or the $lln+ o$ )hch the

electons are hel! sho*l! #e $lle! as &rom&tl% as &oss#le s*#ect to the res*lts o$ an

electon &rotest that ma% ens*e.H 7n (#ella v. "arraza#al 180 CR( 509 ;1989>, s*ch

-*estons as those nvolvn+ a&&recaton o$ #allots, con!*ct o$ cam&a+n an! #allotn+,

)hch re-*re more !el#erate an! necessarl% lon+er cons!eraton, are le$t $or

e4amnaton n the corres&on!n+ electon &rotest. (s earl% as 1926, ths co*rt state! n

Man!ac v. amonte , that co*rts sho*l! #e slo) n m*lt$%n+ electons,

e4ercsn+ the &o)er onl% )hen t s sho)n that the rre+*lartes an! $ra*! are so

n*mero*s as to sho) an *nmstaa#le !es+n to !e$ra*! an! !e$eat the tr*e e4&resson o$

the )ll o$ the electorate.

7n anchez v. CM"C 15' CR( 6 ;198>, )e e4&lane! that the &o)ers o$

CM"C are essentall% e4ec*tve an! a!mnstratve n nat*re an! the -*eston o$

)hether or not there ha! #een terrorsm, voteI#*%n+, an! other rre+*lartes n the

electon sho*l! #e ventlate! n a re+*lar electon &rotest an! that the CM"C, actn+

n a nonI*!cal ca&act%, s not the &ro&er $or*m $or !ec!n+ s*ch matters.

@n!er the crc*mstances o$ the &resent case an! #ase! on a&&lca#le la), an electon

&rotest s the a&&ro&rate reme!%. Com&le4 matters )hch necessarl% ental the

&resentaton o$ con$lctn+ testmon% sho*l! not #e resolve! n ran!om, techncal, an!

s*mmar% &rocee!n+s.

7, there$ore, vote to reverse an! set as!e the -*estone! resol*tons o$ the Commsson on

lectons !ate! =*l% 26, 2001 an! =*l% 28, 2001 an! $or P( No. 01I'2' #e$ore the

Commssons on lectons to #e !smsse!.

an!ovalIG*terrez, J., !ssentn+.


19/19

EN BANC

[G.R. No. 194143 : December 06, 2011]

SALVADOR D. VOLAGO, SR. VS. CO!!SSON ON ELEC"ONS AND #OAN V. ALARLLA

S$r%&!e%'(me%:

Please take notice that the Court en banc issued a Resolution dated DECE!BER 6, 2011 , whichreads as follows:cralaw

)G.R. No. 194143 *S(+('or D. V$o+(-o, Sr. %. Comm$%%$o o E+ec/$o% (' #o( V. A+(r$++(."e Cor/ Re%o+e' /o

*( DEN 5" 7NAL" /e !o/$o 8or Reco%$'er(/$o *o8 /e Dec$%$o '(/e' Oc/ober 4, 2011'(/e' Oc/ober 2, 2011 8$+e' b co%e+ 8or ;r$(/e re%;o'e/ (% /e b(%$c $%%e% r($%e' /ere$(e bee ;(%%e' ;o b /$% Cor/ (' o %b%/(/$(+ (r-me/%

*b NO"E (' GRAN" /e Le//er '(/e' Oc/ober 1?, 2011 8$+e' b Dr. S(-( D. !(b($-, C$e8,

E+ec/or(+ Co/e%/% A'@'$c(/$o De;(r/me/, #'$c$(+ Recor'% D$$%$o, Comm$%%$o o E+ec/$o%*CO!ELEC, re=e%/$- /(/ /e c(%e 8o+'er o8 /$% c(%e be re/re' /o /e$r o88$ce 8orco/$(/$o o8 /e ;ro/e%/ ;rocee'$-% ;r%(/ /o /e Dec$%$o '(/e' Oc/ober 4, 2011>

*c DREC" /e #'$c$(+ Recor'% O88$ce /o !!EDA"EL "RANS!" /e recor'% o8 /$% c(%e /o/e CO!ELEC, /ro- Dr. !(b($-> ('

*' NO"E /e Le//er '(/e' Oc/ober 12, 2011 8$+e' b Be// B. $((, D$rec/or V, E+ec/or(+Co/e%/% A'@'$c(/$o De;(r/me/, #'$c$(+ Recor'% D$$%$o, CO!ELEC, (co

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