Composition and Characters ofOrganic Pollutants in water and surface

sediments of Chang Jiang Estuary

Liu Zhengtao

Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences(No 8#,Dayangfang,Beiyuan Anwai, Beijing, China 100012)

Liuzt@craes.org.cn

Background Introduction

Chang Jiang Estuary is the biggest estuary of China coast

Figure of Present pollution State of Chang Jiang Estuary

Shanghai

HangzhouNinbo

East

Sea

Study area：

40′

50′

31°N

30′

20′

10′

20′121°E

32°N

P2

10′ 30′

D1

40′

P1

50′

D2

P3

20′122°E 10′ 30′

Jiangsu

Shanghai

XuliujingChongming Island

Huangpu River

North Branch

North Passage

East China Sea

Yellow Sea

：

：

：

Organic pollutants

study

February, August 2004

September, November

2005

August 2006Nutrients study

November 2003

August 2004Core sediments

collection

October 2004,2007

Composition and characters of organic

pollutants in water of Chang Jiang Estuary

Nine classes including 234 kinds of organic compounds were detected in the

water of the Chang Jiang Estuary.

PAHs

12%

Esters

10%

Aromatic ramification

7%

Alkane

28%

Phenols

9%

Aethers

4%

Alcohols

5%

Organic acids

4%

Others

21%

SVOCs in water of Chang Jiang Estuary

19411352Total

1206Others

0404Aethers

48213Phenols

5677Aromatic ramfications

0313Halogenatedhydrocarbons

3525Esters

613114PAHs

Numbers ofNational priority-

control

Numbers ofEPA priority-

control

Number ofGB3838 priority-

control

Numbersof deteted

Classes

**（0.005）0.014N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine

**（0.0038）0.028Benzo(k)fluoranthene

**（0.0038）0.05Benzo(b)fluoranthene

**0.394-Nitrohenol

**0.12Phenol

**1.6Di-n-octyl phthalate

**0.16Dimethyl phthalate

**0.008Benzo(ghi)perylene

**0.002Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene

**

/

0.15Fluoranthene

**0.00280.005Benzo(a)pyrene

PRCpriority-control

USEPApriority-control

PRCGB3838

Standards

Averageconcentrations

Chemicals

μg/

We should pay attention to the organic compounds (POPs) :

Spatial variations of SVOCs in the water of theChang Jiang Estuary

0.00

3.00

6.00

9.00

P1 P2 D1 D2 P3

Sampling stationss

Co

ncen

trat

ion

s（μg/L）

PAHs

Aethers

Phenols

Esters

Aromatic ramfications

Halogenated hydrocarbons

Others

• 234 kinds of SVOCs in water from Chang Jiang Estuary were detected.There are 24 kinds of national priority-controlled organic substances,48 kinds of EPA priority-controlled organic substances and 20 kindsof GB3838-2002 controlled organic substances among them.

• Concentrations of all the organic compounds are under the standards ofGB3838 except Benzo (a) pyrene, which has the average concentrationof 0.005μg/L, 1.78 times of the GB3838 standard value.

• Spatial distribution characteristics of SVOCs shows that discharge ofindustrial and domestic waste water from south harbor is one of themajor reasons which affect the concentration of SVOCs in theChangjiang Estuary.

Brief summary:

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in water,

surface sediments and core sediments of

the Chang Jiang Estuary

5422766C22H12BghiPBenzo(ghi)perylene

5352785C22H14BbADibenz(a,h)anthracene

5342766C22H12InPIndeno(1,2,3,cd)pyrene

4962525C20H12BaPBenzo(a)pyrene

4802525C20H12BkFBenzo(k)fluoranthene

3932525C20H12BbFBenzo(b)fluoranthene

4352284C18H12BaABenzo(a)anthracene

4482284C18H12ChrChrysene

4042024C16H10PyrPyrene

3932024C16H10FluAFluoranthene

3421783C14H10AnTAnthracene

3401783C14H10PhAPhenanthrene

2951663C13H10FluFluorene

2751523C12H8AcpyAcenaphthylene

2791543C12H10AcpAcenaphythyene

2181282C10H8NapNaphehalene

boilingpoint (℃)

molecularweight

Ring number

molecularformula

Abs.PAHs

16 Kinds of EPA priority-controlled PAHs：

Composition and distribution of PAHs in the waterof the Chang Jiang Estuary

0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

Acpy Flu PhA AnT FluA Pyr Chr BaA BbF BkF BaP BghiP InP

Co

n（μ

g/L） P1

P2

D1

D2

P3

Site：

13 Kinds of US EPA priority-controlled PAHs were detected, with the higherconcentrations of acenaphthylene, fluorene, phenanthrene, chrysene in thewater of the Changjaing Estuary.

Total PAHs：

0.82 ~ 5.94

μg/L

Comparison of PAHs concentrations in the surfaceand bottom water of the Chang Jiang Estuary

The concentrations of PAHs in the bottom water is much higher thanthose in the surface water of the Changjaing Esturay.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

P1 P2 D1 D2 P3

Sampling station

ΣPAHs（μg/L）

Surface water

Bottom water

Concentration distribution of 3-ring, 4-ring and 5-6-ringPAHs in the water of the Chang Jiang Estuary

3 Ring PAHs predominate in the water of the Chang Jiang Estuary.

3 ring ~ 70%

4 ring ~ 25%

5,6 ring < 5%

0

20

40

60

80

100

P1 P2 D1 D2 P3

Sampling station

PA

Hs（

%） 3 ring

4 ring

5-6 ring

15 Kinds of EPA priority-controlled PAHs were detected, with the higher concentrations of phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, chrysene, benzo(a)anthracene,benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene in the surface sediments of theChangjaing Estuary.

Total PAHs：

355.7～2480.9

ng/g

Composition and distribution of PAHs in surfacesediments of Chang Jiang Estuary

0

100

200

300

400

500

Acp Acpy Flu PhA AnT FluA Pyr Chr BaA BbF BkF BaP BbA BghiP InP

Co

nce

ntr

atio

ns（

ng

/g） P1

P2

D1

D2

P3

Sampling

station：

3 ring < 20%

4 ring ~ 30%

5,6 ring ~ 50%

Concentration distribution of 3-ring, 4-ring and 5-6-ringPAHs in the surface sediments of the Chang Jiang Estuary

0

20

40

60

80

100

P1 P2 D1 D2 P3

Sampling station

PA

Hs（μg/L）

3 ring

4 ring

5-6 ring

4-6 Ring PAHs predominate in the surface sediments of the Chang Jiang Estuary.

Vertical distributions of PAHs in the core sediments ofthe Chang Jiang Estuary

Sources Analysis of PAHs in Water

and

Ecological Risk Assessment of PAHs in Surface

Sediments of the Chang Jiang Estuary

Sources of PAHs in the water of the Chang Jiang Estuary

PAHs in the water of the Chang Jiang Estuary originate mainly from pyrolyti

c combustion, with less from petroleum sources.

0

1

2

3

4

0 5 10 15 20 25

Pha/Ant

Flu

a/P

yr

Pyrolytic

origin

Petrogenic

origin

0.160.310.620.090.12447924022ΣPAHs

0.310.611.170.170.2396001700High-molecular weight PAHs

0.220.40.90.130.133160552Low-molecular weight PAHs

0.30.520.70.120.2226063.4Dibenz(a,h)anthracene

0.470.531.040.170.241600430Benzo(ghi)perylene

0.520.61.20.30.381600261Benzo(a)pyrene

0.020.180.40.01ND2800384Chrysene

0.030.110.280.030.062600665Pyrene

0.050.130.290.040.075100600Fluoranthene

0.160.220.43ND0.05110085.3Anthracene

0.350.641.540.250.211500240Phenanthrene

0.351.062.030.180.3254019Fluorene

0.361.181.430.20.4550016Acenaphthylene

0.280.220.670.140.1164044Acenaphythyene

P3D2D1P2P1ERMERL

Multiples of superscaleGuidelinesPAHs

Ecological risk assessment of PAHs in surface sedimentsof the Chang Jiang Estuary

Benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene and indeno(1,2,3,cd)pyrene were detectedin all surface sediment samples of the Chang Jiang Estuary.

• 13 Kinds of EPA priority-controlled PAHs were detected in the water of theChang Jiang Estuary. The concentrations of PAHs in the bottom water weremuch higher than those in the surface water. Low-molecular weight PAHspredominated in the water of the Changjiang Estuary.

• 15 Kinds of EPA priority-controlled PAHs were detected in the surfacesediments of the Chang Jiang Estuary. Different from the water, PAHs in the surface sediments were mainly composed of high-molecular weightcompounds.

• Serious adverse biological effects do not exist in the Changjiang Estuary.However, local sewage discharge may heighten the concentrations of somePAHs compounds, which brings the potential for adverse effects to livingresources.

Brief summary: