IN FULFILLMENT OF PROJECT IN MATERIALS TESTING & CONSTRUCTION

CONCRETE PRODUCTS: INDUSTRIAL USES, TESTING & SPECIFICATIONS

PREPARED TO:ENGR. ADOLPHCOLLIE Z. TANTE

PREPARED BY: ALVAREZ, ARJEL CATU, CHARLIEDAEP, JOEMARIDULAY, MARK JOHN KINGNUDALO, SHARLENE GRACEQUE, LEAH MARIZREMENTINA, JOYCE DIANNE

CONCRETE PRODUCTS AND ITS INDUSTRIAL USESConcreteis acompositematerial composed of water, coarse granular material embedded in a hard matrix of material that fills the space among the aggregate particles and glues them together.

Concrete Productsare materials that were manufactured in a certain industry in order to meet the necessary requirements of any particular industry. These are products that was engineered and formulated to resist natural forces that may act where it will be installed or placed or sometimes for architectural purposes only

MOST COMMON CONCRETE PRODUCTS IN THE PHILIPPINES

Load Bearing Hollow Blocks or Ordinary Hollow BlocksConcrete blocks are made fromcastconcrete, i.e.Portland cementandaggregate, usuallysandand finegravelfor high-density blocks. Lower density blocks may useindustrial wastesas an aggregate.Concrete blocks may be produced with hollow centers to reduce weight or improveinsulation. The use of blockwork allows structures to be built in the traditionalmasonrystyle with layers of staggered blocks.These concrete product is manufactured in various sizes and comes into two form such as low density and high density blocks.

Ventilation & Decorative BlocksThese are type of concrete product that was commonly used for architectural purposes only not considering the ability to carry heavy loads and resist the forces from nature.This type was marked with decorative curves, colors and shapes for satisfaction of aesthetic requirement or to help in ventilation of a certain building

Paving Blocks / Concrete BricksAbrickis ablockor a single unit of a kneaded clay-bearing soil, sand and lime, or concrete material, fire hardened or air dried, used in masonryconstruction. The fired color of clay bricks is influenced by the chemical and mineral content of the raw materials, the firing temperature, and the atmosphere in the kiln.

Reinforced Concrete Culvert PipesAculvertis a structure that allows water to flow under a road, railroad, trail, or similar obstruction. Typically embedded so as to be surrounded by soil, a culvert may be made from a pipe,reinforced concrete. Culverts may be used to form a bridge-like structure to carry traffic. Culverts come in many sizes and shapes including round, elliptical, flat-bottomed, pear-shaped, and box-like constructions.

Pre-Cast CurbAcurb(US English), orkerb(UK English), is the edge where a raisedpavement/sidewalk/footpath,road median/central reservation, orroad shoulder/hard shouldermeets an unraised street or other roadway.Nowadays, even the curb of the highways and sidewalks were prefabricated in order to have the ease in installation manner, It is manufactured in a certain length and connected by simple mortar paste and concrete mix.

Pre-Cast Manhole SystemAmanholeis the top opening to an undergroundutility vaultused to house an access point for making connections or performing maintenance on underground and buriedpublic utilityand other services including sewers,telephone,electricity,storm drainsandgas.Concrete manhole is widely used as main access for sewer lines and underground construction like mining, tunnel and the like.

Louver BlocksLouver Block is used for ventilation of a certain establishment specially manufacturing and production Industry.It was mainly used for exhaust for air circulation.

Hollow Concrete SlabsAhollow core slab, also known as avoided slaborhollow core plank, is aprecastslab ofprestressed concretetypically used in the construction offloorsin multi-storyapartment buildings. Theprecast concreteslab has tubular voids extending the full length of the slab, typically with a diameter equal to the 2/3-3/4 of the slab. This makes the slab much lighter than a massive floor slabs of equal thickness or strength. Reduced weight is important because of transportation cost and less cost of material

CONCRETE PRODUCTS & ACTUAL TESTCONCRETE TESTINGIt is a process by which a certain concrete products undergo or underwent a physical, chemical or any related test to discover or analyze the limit of a certain material when induced in actual use. Test results was verified by technicians and service engineers to ensure stability of product and accuracy of the test made.

A. CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCKS / MASONRY UNITASTM C140Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Concrete Masonry Units and Related UnitsThese test methods provide various testing procedures commonly used for evaluating characteristics of concrete masonry units and related concrete units. Methods are provided for sampling, measurement of dimensions, compressive strength, absorption, unit weight (density), moisture content, flexural load, and ballast weight. Not all methods are applicable to all unit types

ACTUAL TEST METHODOBJECTIVES: Learn how to conduct the compressive testing of Concrete Hollow Blocks / Masonry Unit based from the Standard Specifications & Basis provided. Test the compressive limit of the provided sampleMATERIALS / EQUIPMENT: Compression Machine Weighing Scale Tape Measure Laboratory Caliper PPEs ( Gloves, Goggles, Lab Gown ) Chalk Stone for Marking of Sample CHB Sample Clip Boards w/ provided data sheetPROCEDURES:

1. Measurement of the samples Length, Width, 2. Weighing & marking of the sample face & web thickness.

3. Preparation of sample and setting up in the compression 4. Imposition of Load through compression machine.testing machine.

5. Testing the compressive limit of sample

IMPORTANT NOTES:

Using of PPE is a must and should not be set aside. Do not make unnecessary thing in the lab. Proper recording of data should be exercise. Operating of the Compression Machine should be done by authorized person who knowledgeably knows how to. Observe Cleanliness & Orderliness in the Laboratory.

COMPRESSION TEST TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS & TEST RESULTS:

B. PAVING BLOCKS / CONCRETE BRICKSASTM C67Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile.These test methods cover procedures for the sampling and testing of brick and structural clay tile. Although not necessarily applicable to all types of units, tests include modulus of rupture, compressive strength, absorption, saturation coefficient, effect of freezing and thawing, efflorescence, initial rate of absorption and determination of weight, size, warpage, length change, and void area.OBJECTIVES: Learn how to conduct the compressive testing of Paving Blocks / Concrete Bricks based from the Standard Specifications & Basis provided. Test the compressive limit of the provided sampleMATERIALS / EQUIPMENT: Compression Machine Weighing Scale Tape Measure Laboratory Caliper PPEs ( Gloves, Goggles, Lab Gown ) Chalk Stone for Marking of Sample Brick Sample Clip Boards w/ provided data sheet Temporary Mold (for capping of Bricks) Liquefied Sample ( precooked/liquefied in pressure sulfur cooker) Laddle (for scooping of the liquefied sulfur)

PROCEDURES:

1. Measurement of the samples Length, Width, 2. Weighing & marking of the sample& thickness.

3. Mold preparation for easy to hardened liquefied sulfur for top & bottom capping

NOTE:Due to unevenness of the bricks sample provided it is necessary to provide capping on the top & bottom of the brick sample to fill the void of the surface for equal distribution of the imposed loads during testing in the aid of liquefied sulfur.

4. Placement of sample in mold for top capping 5. Pouring of the sulfur on the mold for top capping.

6. Preparation for bottom capping 7. Demolding when cured, 5 mins. curing time is enough but it should be also observed because it depends on the temp.

8. Placement of sample in compression machine. 9. Testing for Compressive limit

IMPORTANT NOTES:

Using of PPE is a must and should not be set aside. Do not make unnecessary thing in the lab. Proper recording of data should be exercise. Operating of the Compression Machine should be done by authorized person who knowledgeably knows how to. Observe Cleanliness & Orderliness in the Laboratory.

COMPRESSION TEST TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS & TEST RESULTS:

C. REINFORCED CONCRETE CULVERT PIPEASTM C497MStandard Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or Tile [Metric]These test methods cover testing of concrete pipe, manhole sections, and tile. The test methods described are used in production testing and acceptance testing to evaluate the properties provided for in the specifications.

OBJECTIVES: Learn how to conduct the three edge bearing test for Reinforced Concrete Culvert Pipe based from the Standard Specifications & Basis provided. Test the loading capacity of the provided sample

MATERIALS / EQUIPMENT: Three edge bearing tester / machine Tape Measure Laboratory Caliper PPEs ( Gloves, Goggles, Lab Gown ) Chalk Stone for Marking of Sample RCCP Sample Clip Boards w/ provided data sheet Temporary Mold (for capping of Bricks) Impact tool

PROCEDURES:

1. Measurement of the samples Length, Width, 2. Preparation of Sample for Loading& thickness.

3. Testing Proper & Tester Operation 4. Compressive strength limit attainment.

5. Unloading of sample 6. Hammering & Investigation of internal reinforcement

IMPORTANT NOTES:

Using of PPE is a must and should not be set aside. Do not make unnecessary thing in the lab. Proper recording of data should be exercise. Operating of the Machine should be done by authorized person who knowledgeably knows how to. Observe Cleanliness & Orderliness in the Laboratory.

COMPRESSION TEST TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS & TEST RESULTS:

MATERIAL TESTING & CONSTRUCTIONCONCRETE PRODUCTS