Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche · Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche – ISMAR – Istituto di Scienze Marine - Genova p. 2/25 1. Scope The Campaign started in June 24, 2017 from

Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche ISMAR - Istituto di Scienze Marine

U.O.S. di Genova Via De Marini, 6 - 16149 Genova, Italy

[email protected] - www.ismar.cnr.it Tel +39 010 64751 Fax +39 010 6475400 C.F. 80054330586 - P.IVA 02118311006

SEDE ISTITUTO U.O.S. Ancona U.O.S. Bologna U.O.S. Lesina U.O.S. Pozzuolo di Lerici U.O.S. Trieste Arsenale - Tesa 104 Castello 2737/F

Largo Fiera della Pesca 1 Via P. Gobetti, 101 Via Pola, 4 Forte Santa Teresa Viale Romolo Gessi, 2

30122 Venezia 60125 AN 40129 BO 71010 FG 19032 SP 34123 TS Tel. +39 041 2407927 Tel +39 071 207881 Tel +39 051 6398891 Tel +39 0882 992702 Tel +39 0187 978300 Tel +39 040 305312 \Fax +39 041 2407940 Fax +39 071 55313 Fax +39 051 6398939 Fax +39 0882 991352 Fax +39 0187 970585 Fax +39 040 308941 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

“LessPlasticMoreMediterranean”

2017CampaignonboardtheRainbowWarriorGreenpeaceShip

“MICROPLASTICINVESTIGATIONINWATERANDTROPHICCHAINALONGTHEITALIANCOAST06/24/2017–07/15/2017”

ActivityReport

CNR-ISMARScientificManager: UNIVPMScientificManager:FrancescaGaraventa StefaniaGorbiTeam: Team:

SilviaMorgana

ElisaCosta

MarcoFaimali

MaricaMezzelani

CarloGiacomoAvio

AlessandroNardi

FrancescoRegoli

Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche – ISMAR – Istituto di Scienze Marine - Genova

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1. Scope

TheCampaignstartedinJune24,2017fromGenoaLiguria,thefirstItalianstopofthe"LessPlastic,MoreMediterranean"tourthatGreenpeacecarriedoutonboardtheRainbowWarriorship(Fig.1)insouthernEuropeandfinishedinAnconainJuly9withastopoverinNaples."LessPlastic,MoreMediterranean"hasbeenaresearchandawarenesstour-organizedinItalywith the scientific collaborationof the InstituteofMarineSciencesofCNR inGenoaand thePolytechnicUniversityoftheMarche-togatherdirectdataandtestimoniesonpollutionfromplasticthatafflictsourseasandinformspublicopinionaboutthisseriousproblem.WehavebeeninvitedtojointheCampaignandweperformedacomprehensivemonitoringofthestatusofmicroplasticcontaminationalongtheItalianCoasts.Themaingoalsofthemonitoringcampaignwereto:A-EstablishtheextentofmicroplasticlitterintheMediterraneanSeaalongtheItalianCoastboth investigating the surface and vertical distribution to obtain information on the sinkedplastics.B- Assess the microplastics bioaccumulation in the food chain (mesozooplankton,macroinvertebrateandfishes)C–Investigatepolymericcompositionofparticlespresentbothinwaterandorganisms.D – Produce data to support the standardization andharmonization ofdevelop the existingprotocolstoisolateanddetectmicroplasticsinwaterandmarineorganismstoenableaccuratequantification,qualificationandcomparisonbetweenstudiesIndetail,theaforesaidgoalshavebeenpursuedasfollow:GoalAMPsanalysesinwater:SurfacesamplinghasbeenperformedusingtheMantatrawlalongdifferent transect locatedbothnearbyMarineProtectedAreas(MPAs)andurbanCentre/rivermouths.Inaddition,atthetransectstartingandendpoints,averticalsamplinghasbeenperformedusinga200µmplanktonnet.GoalBMPsanalysesinorganisms:B1-Surfaceplanktonsamplinghasbeenperformed,inparallelwiththeoneforgoalA,usinga200 µm plankton net. At the transect starting and end points a vertical sampling has beenperformedusinga200µmplanktonnet(samplingsharedwithA).MesozooplanktonsampleshavebeenprocessedinIsmarCNRandUNIVPMlaboratoriestoverifyandcharacterizeMPsintheorganisms. B2-Dependingontheshippingroute,differentsites(includingGenovaandNaplesports,Giglioislandetc.)havebeenselectedforthemarineorganismscollection.Vertebrateandinvertebrateorganismshavebeenobtainedbyfishermenoratthelocalmarketanddissectedontheboat;gastrointestinaltractsoffishorentiretissuesofinvertebrateshavebeenimmediatelyfrozenat


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-20°C,untiltheirtransfertotheUNIVPMlaboratories.Dependingontheavailability,almosttwospecieshavebeen selectedamong the following list:Mullusbarbatus,Scorpaena sp.,Sardinapilchardus,Merlucciusmerluccius,Solea solea,Mytilusgalloprovincialis,Squillamantis,Ostreaedulis,Penaeuskerathurus,Nephropsnorvegicus.Furtherspecieshavebeenanalyzedaccordingtothecatchoneachlocation. GoalCParticles found inwater and organisms have been characterized using FT-IR and µmFT- IRanalysis.GoalD:MPspresenceinseawaterhavebeeninvestigatedinbothMantatrawlandplanktonnetsamplesinordertoverifyifthesamplingmethodcouldinfluencetheresults.Ismaractivityhasbeenfocusesthewaterandzooplanktonsamplesanalysis.DuetothehugeamountofsamplesobtainedfromtheCampaign,thisreportfocusesonthemainGoal(AandC)andaddresstheprincipleneedtounderstandtheextentofmicroplasticlittercontaminationintheMediterraneanSeaalongtheItalianCoastandtoidentifyparticlespolymericcomposition.

Fig.1:RainbowWarriorshipatGenoa’sharbor


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2. Generaloverview

Plastics are synthetic organic polymers and although they have only existed for just over acentury,theirproductionhaveexponentiallyincreasedwithyears,exceeding300milliontonsin2015(PlasticEurope,2015).Everyyear,around8milliontonsofplasticenduptheocean(Jambecketal.,2015),accountingforthegreatmajorityofmarinelitter.Plasticitemsarepresentintheenvironmentinawidevarietyofsizes,rangingfrommeterstomicrometers.Thosesmaller5mmarecalledmicroplastics(MPs).MPsoriginatefromavarietyofsources,accordingtowhichtheyareclassifiedinto“primary”or“secondary”. PrimaryMPs are used as specific personal care products (hand cleaners, facialcleanersandtoothpaste)orasrawmaterialsusedforthefabricationofplasticproducts,namelyplasticresinpelletsorflakesandplasticpowderorfluff.Secondarymicroplasticsresultfromthefragmentationoflargerplasticmaterials(DuisandCoors,2016).Inthelastdecade,MPshavebeenreportedonaglobalscale,frompolestotheequator.MPspresencehasbeenassessedinoceanwaters,bodiesoffreshwater,marinesediments,aswellinbiota. Becauseofthesmalldimensions,MPsbecomeavailableforingestionbyorganismscommonlynot affected by the larger marine debris. Little is known about the chronic effects of MPsexposureonindividualsandpopulations.Floating MPs can act as a vector of non-indigenous marine species that can betransported over long distances (Fig.2). Lastly,severalstudieshavesuggestedthatMPsareoftenmixed with additives (flame-retardants,phthalates, colorants). If ingested, theuptake ofassociated chemicals may cause adversephysiological effects that, up to date are stilllargelyunknown.Moreover,once ingested,MPsmay accumulate through the foodweb, therebyposingafurtherthreattomarinebiodiversity.Itisofprimaryconcerntogatherasmanydataaspossible about MPs presence in marineenvironment inordertogetacomprehensiveknowledgeof the issueandtounderstandthepossibleimpacttohumanhealth.TheMediterraneanSeaisasemi-enclosedbasinwithcoastalzonesdenselypopulatedandhighlevelofcommercialandrecreationalmarinetraffic.ThelimitedwaterexchangewithAtlanticOceanenabletheaccumulationoffloatinganthropogeniclitterinthearea.Theseconditionswelljustifythedefinitionof“plasticsoup”(Suariaetal.,2016)thathasbeenrecentlyproposefortheMediterraneanSea,whereMPslevelaresimilartothoseofthe‘GreatPacificGarbagePatch‘inthemiddleofthePacificOcean.ThepresentreportpresentsdataabouttheanalysiscarriedoutatthelaboratoryofISMAR-CNR(Genoa,Italy)aboutMPspresenceinsurfacewatersamplescollectedwiththeMantanetalongtheItaliancoast,fromJune24,2017(Genoa,Liguria)toJuly9,2017(Ancona,Marche).

Fig.2:Algalgrowthonplasticdebrisisolatedin

thisstudy


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3. Methods

3.1.Fieldactivities:studyareaandsamplescollectionIndetail,waterSamplingstationsarereportedinFigure3.AlltheoperationaldetailsrelatedtoeachSamplingstationarereportedinAnnex1.

Fig.3:Watersamplingstationsposition


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3.1.1.Horizontalsamplingofmicroplasticsontheseasurfacewithmantanet:MantadetailMantanetwith330μmmeshsizehavebeenused.Technicaldetailsarereportedinfigure4.

Fig.4:Mantanetwithsizedetails.PhotobyAlonsoMunozAlcaide


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Samplinghasbeenperformedasfollow:

• Deploythemantanetfromthesideofthevesselusingaspinnakerboom(Fig.5A)• Deploythemantanetoutofthewakezone(approx.3-4mdistancefromtheboat)in

ordertopreventcollectingwateraffectedbyturbulenceinsidethewakezone.• Starttomoveinonestraightdirectionwithaspeedofapprox.1-2knotsfor20min• After20minstoptheboatandliftthemantanetoutofthewater(Fig.5B)• Rinsethemantanetaccuratelyusingasubmersiblepumporwaterfromtheboatwater

reservoir(Fig.5C).• Safely remove the cod end and transferred the content into 1l bottle and stored for

laboratoryanalysis(Fig.5D)

Fig.5:DifferentoperativestepsoftheMantaNetsampling.PhotobyCNR-IsmarandLorenzoMosciaforGreenpeace.


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3.2.Laboratorialactivities(CNR-ISMAR):MPsinvestigationonManta’ssamples3.2.1.PlasticidentificationfromsurfacewatersamplescollectedusingMantanetThewater sampleswere analyzed for their plastic content at the CNR-ISMAR laboratory inGenoa (Italy). All samples were visually examined and sorted under a stereomicroscope(OlympusBX41). Putative plasticswere photographed (Fig. 6) and categorized according toshapeanddimension(Lusheretal.,2015).Inordertoidentifythepolymercompositionoftheitems, PerkinElmer Spectrum TwoFourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FT-IR)spectrometerequippedwithUniversalATR(UATR)accessorywitha9-bouncediamondtop-platewasused.3.2.2.ContaminationcontrolTomitigatesamplecontaminationinthelaboratory,allequipmentandconsumablesweretakendirectly frompackaging. Samples and equipmentwere coveredwhere possible tominimizeperiodsofexposure;clothingmadeofcottonwerewornduringtheanalysis.Filterblankswereruninparalleltoverifycontaminationduringbothwatersampleprocessing.

Fig.6:SelectionofMPsofdifferentsize,shapeandcolorfromwatersamplesanalyzedduringlaboratorialprocedures


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1. ResultsandDiscussion

Plasticswerefoundatallthestationssampled.Thenumberofplasticsfoundinwatersampleswasexpressedasitems/m3andreportedinTable1.Ameanvalueof0,52items/m3wasfound.The maximum value (3,56 items/m3) was observed in station 10 Portici, while the lowestconcentration(0.06items/m3)wasstillfoundinstation16(CapoRizzuto).Figure8 reports the results related topolymeric composition, classsizeand shapeof itemsisolatedfromeachsampleexpressedaspercentages.Table1:Microplasticsconcentrationexpressedasitems/m3reportedateachsamplingstatio

Station item/m31Cinqueterre 0,122Livorno 0,073ArcipelagoToscano 0,184Giglio1 0,095Giglio2 0,286Civitavecchia 0,217TorPaterno 0,688Ventotene 0,099PuntaCampanella 0,2910Portici 3,5613Lipari 0,314Messina 0,1215Caretta 0,1716CapoRizzuto 0,0617TorreGuaceto 0,1418Bari 0,219Tremiti 2.2Mean 0,52






30122 Venezia 60125 AN 40129 BO 71010 FG 19032 SP 34123 TS Tel. +39 041 2407927 Tel +39 071 207881 Tel +39 051 6398891 Tel +39 0882 992702 Tel +39 0187 978300 Tel +39 040 305312 \Fax +39 041 2407940 Fax +39 071 55313 Fax +39 051 6398939 Fax +39 0882 991352 Fax +39 0187 970585 Fax +39 040 308941 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]


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Fig.8:polymer,classsizeandshapepercentageofMPscollectedalongthesampledstations.Inthelegend:PE-Polyethylene;PP-Polypropylene;EVA-ethylene vinyl acetate; PS-Polystyrene; PACR-polyacrylate, PVA-polyvinyl alcohol, PEST-polyester; PC-polycarbonate; PVC-polyvinyl chloride; PA-polyammide,PMMA-polymethylmethacrylate;PO-polyolefin(differentfromPPandPE).






30122 Venezia 60125 AN 40129 BO 71010 FG 19032 SP 34123 TS Tel. +39 041 2407927 Tel +39 071 207881 Tel +39 051 6398891 Tel +39 0882 992702 Tel +39 0187 978300 Tel +39 040 305312 Fax +39 041 2407940 Fax +39 071 55313 Fax +39 051 6398939 Fax +39 0882 991352 Fax +39 0187 970585 Fax +39 040 308941 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Instation1(CinqueTerre,AMP)andstation2(Livorno),polyethylene(PE)wasfoundtobethemost abundant polymer type. Plastic items were mainly smaller than 5 mm, with a highpercentage(70%)ofitemssmallerthan1mm(station1).Onlyfragment-andfiber-shapewereidentified. PEwasfoundtobetheprevalentpolymerinstation3(ArcipelagoToscano),station4(GiglioI)andstation5(GiglioII).Plasticdebriswereintherangeof1-5mm,mainlymadeoffragmentandfibers.InboththeGiglio’sstations,foams,filmsandpelletswerealsoisolated.Inallthesestations(1,2,3,4and5),theMPsabundancedidnotexceedthevalueof0.2items/m3.AsignificantnumberofMPswasisolatedinstation7(AMPTorPaterno):0.68items/m3.Suchvaluewasthreetimeshigherthanthenearstation6“Civitavecchia”(0,21items/m3).MPsweremainlymade upof PE-fragment, ranging from1-5mm. In station 8,9 and 10, an increasingabundance of MPswas recorded, reaching amaximum value of 3.56 items/m3 (station 10,Portici). In these stations, the items were mainly represented by 1-5 mm fragment ofpolyethylene.Agreatvarietyofpolymerwascharacterizedinthewatersamplecollectedfromstation10.Severaldifferentpolymerswerealsoidentifiedinwatersampleofstation13(Lipari),whereMPsabundancewas0.3items/m3.MPsconfirmedtobemainlyintheformoffragmentwitharangesizeof1-5mm.ThenumberofMPsidentifiedinstation14-15-16rangebetween0,06-0,17items/m3.Station16(CapoRizzuto)presentedthelowestMPscontentfoundamongallthestationssampled.Polyethylenewasthemostabundantpolymertype.Instation14,the52%ofitemsidentifiedweresmallerthan1mm,whereasitemscollectedfromstation15and16rangedbetween1and5mm.Polypropylenewasfoundtobetheprevalentpolymertypeinstation17(TorreGuaceto),whereasinstation18(Bari)polyethylenemadeupthe50%ofitemsisolated. Inboththesample, the itemsweremainly fibers,ranging from1and5mm.Plasticitemsisolatedinwatersamplescollectedfromstation19(Tremiti)weremainlymadeupbypolyethylenefragment,rangingfrom5-1mmMicroplasticswerefoundinallthestationssampled,with0,52items/m3asmeanvalue.ThisvalueisquitehigherbutstillinthesameorderofmagnitudethanthosereportedbypreviousstudiesinMediterraneanregions(0,31items/m3,Fossietal.,2016;0,17items/m3Pantietal.,2015).TheplasticcontentfoundinthisstudydefinitelyconfirmsthemassivepresenceofplasticintheMediterraneanSeathatiscomparablewithMPslevelintheNorthPacificGyrebyCaptainMoore(0,334particles/m2,Mooreetal.,2001).Theoverallclasssizedistributionofplasticitemsshowedaprevalenceofsmallparticles.67%ofMPs isolatedrangedbetween1and5mm, followedbyparticlesevensmaller than1mm(21%).Itemshigherthan5mmaccountfor12%.ThisfindingconfirmsMPs(itemssmallerthan5mm)asthemostabundanttypeofmarinedebrisinseawater(Collignonetal.,2012;Desforgesetal.,2014;Lusheretal.,2014;Mooreetal.,2001).14differentpolymertypologieswereidentified.Polyethylenewasthemostabundant,withanoverall frequencyof52% followedbypolypropyleneandviscose (17%),EVA-ethylenevinylacetate (6%), polystyrene (3%). Other less frequent polymers (<1%) included: PACR-


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polyacrylate, PVA-polyvinyl alcohol, polyester, PC-polycarbonate, PVC-polyvinyl chloride,silicone,PA-polyammide,PMMA-polymethylmethacrylateandPO-polyolefin.Themostcommonpolymertypewaspolyethyleneandpolypropylene.Thehighoccurrenceoftheseplastictypesinsurfacewatersisnotsurprisingsincetheyhaveapositivelybuoyant(theirdensity are lower than seawater) and belong to the largest product group of plastics(Polyolefin), widely used as packaging material and discarded after a short lifetime(PlasticsEurope,2015).Fragment(65%)wasthemostabundantplastic-shapeisolated,followedbyfiber(31%).Inthisrespect, several researchers raised doubts about considering fiber-items in the final plasticestimate, since they canbe confoundedwithpost-sampling contamination in the laboratory.Fiberscontaminationofsampleduringanalyticalproceduresisdefinitelyacrucialpointthatneedtobepreventedforreliableanalysis,adoptingspecificprotectionmeasures.Inourstudy,during laboratorial MPs analysis, we strictly followed a series of measures and methodsrecommendedinthescientificliteraturethatinclude:wearingclothingmadeofcotton,avoidingaircirculation,cleaningworkspacesandtools.Therefore,wecanreasonablyassumethattherehasbeennoair-bornecontaminationduringMPsanalysis.Duringouranalysis, theepibioticcommunitygrownonfibers(Fig.9A)andtheplasticlinestwistedaroundtheplankton(Fig.9B)suggestalong-termstayofitemsinthesamplethatcannotbetheconsequenceofa(recent)laboratorialcontamination.

In this study, the stations found with the highest level of MPs (upper than average MPsconcentration)were:station10Portici(3,56items/m3);station19Tremiti(2,2items/m3);andstation7TorPaterno(0,68items/m3).ThehighestMPsconcentrationwasassessedinthewatersamplecollectedfromPortici.PorticitownislocatedintheGulfofNaples(8kmsoutheastofNaples),anareasubjectedtoanintenseanthropogenicpressure, fromdenseurbansettlements to industrial activitieson the coasts.Thismightreasonablyexplaintheveryhighlevelofplasticpollutioninthebay.Beyond station 10, our survey highlights high content ofMPs in the sites of Tremiti (IsoleTremiti-MPA)andTor-Paterno(TorPaterno-AMP).Boththesamplingstationsarelocatedinmarineprotectedareas(MPAs)withstrictregulationsandlimitationsonmarineandmaritimeactivities. Nevertheless, we found significant level of anthropogenicpollution. In the

Fig.9:Exampleofplasticfiberwithepibioticcommunity(A)andfibersandplankton(B)foundoutduringMPswatersamplesanalysis


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impossibilitytoestimatethesources,wemayhypothesizethatplasticdebrishavereachedandaccumulatedintheseareasdriftedbythecurrent.Indeed,MPAsareoftenlocatedinproximityof islands and archipelagos. These are isolated systems in the sea subjected to water flowdynamics carrying nutrients, producers that attract consumers (primary and secondary),enriching localbiodiversity.Ontheotherhand,watercurrentsalsotransportanthropogenicparticles, includingplastics that in turnaccumulate in thearea.Therefore,MPAspotentiallyrepresent area of accumulation for plastic debris. This may suggest the need to plan MPsmonitoringprogramsintheseareas,sincethekeyrolethatMPAsplayinmarinebiodiversity.Furthermore,theubiquitousnatureofMPspollutionisrevealed,fromwhichevenaMPA,whichissupposedtobeunpollutedandpristine,isnotexempt.


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2. References

• Collignon,A.,Hecq,J.H.,Glagani,F.,Voisin,P.,Collard,F.,Goffart,A.,2012.NeustonicmicroplasticandzooplanktonintheNorthWesternMediterraneanSea.Mar.Pollut.Bull.64(4),861-864.

• Desforges,J.P.W.,Galbraith,M.,Dangerfield,N.,Ross,P.S.,2014.WidespreaddistributionofmicroplasticsinsubsurfaceseawaterintheNEPacificOcean.Mar.Pollut.Bull.79,94–99.

• Duis,K.,Coors,A.,2016.Microplasticsintheaquaticandterrestrialenvironment:sources(withaspecificfocusonpersonalcareproducts),fateandeffects.EnvironSciEurope28,2.

• Fossi,M.C.,Marsili,L.,Baini,M.,Giannetti,M.,Coppola,D.,Guerranti,C.,Caliani,I.,Minutoli,R.,Lauriano,G.,Finoia,M.G.,Rubegni,F.,Panigada,S.,Berube,M.,Ramírez,J.U.,Panti,C.,2016.Finwhalesandmicroplastics:theMediterraneanSeaandtheSeaofCortezscenarios.Environ.Pollut.209,68-78.

• Jambeck,J.R.,Geyer,R.,Wilcox,C.,Siegler,T.R.,Perryman,M.,Andrady,A.,Narayan,R.,Law,K.L.,2015.Plasticwasteinputsfromlandintotheocean.Science347,768e771.http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1260352

• Lusher,A.L.,Burke,A.,O'Connor,I.,Officer,R.,2014.MicroplasticpollutionintheNortheastAtlanticocean:validatedandopportunisticsampling.Mar.Pollut.Bull.88(1),325-333.

• Lusher,A.L.,Tirelli,V.,O'Connor,I.,Officer,R.,2015.MicroplasticsinArcticpolarwaters:thefirstreportedvaluesofparticlesinsurfaceandsub-surfacesamples.Sci.Rep.5,14947.

• Moore,C.J.,Moore,S.L.,Leecaster,M.K.,Weisberg,S.B.,2001.AcomparisonofplasticandplanktonintheNorthPacificcentralgyre.Mar.Pollut.Bull.42(12),1297–1300.

• Panti,C.,Giannetti,M.,Baini,M.,Rubegni,F.,Minutoli,R.,Fossi,M.C.,2015.Occurrence,relativeabundanceandspatialdistributionofmicroplasticsandzooplanktonNWofSardiniainthePelagosSanctuaryProtectedArea,MediterraneanSea.Environ.Chem.12,618.

• PlasticsEurope,2015.Plastics-theFacts2015:anAnalysisofEuropeanPlasticsProduction,DemandandWasteData,30pp.Availableonline:http://www.plasticseurope.org/Document/plasticse-the-facts-2015.aspx

• Suaria,G.,Avio,C.G.,Mineo,A.,Lattin,G.L.,Magaldi,M.G.,Belmonte,G.,Moore,C.J.,Regoli,F.,Aliani,S.,2016.TheMediterraneanplasticsoup:syntheticpolymersinMediterraneansurfacewaters.Sci.Rep.6,37551.


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Notonlyaresearchbutalsoanawarenesstour!Duringthe"LessPlastic,MoreMediterranean"tour,interactiveteachingworkshopsweresetupattheportsofGenoa(24-25June)andAncona(8-9July),toraiseawarenessontheemergingissueofpollutionofthemicroplasticsandtocontributetothescientificdisseminationoftheresults of EPHEMARE project, underlining finally the importance of the new collaborationbetween the Research Institutions involved and the non-governmental organizationGreenpeace(Fig10-13).

Fig.10:AmomentofthePressconferenceheldinGenoaonboardtheRainbowWarrior:fromtheleft,PeterWillcox-RWCaptain,SerenaMaso-SerenaMaso,GPItaly,AlessandroGiani,GPItaly,GabrieleSalariGPItaly,MarcoFaimali–CNR-IsmarGenoa,StefaniaGorbi–UNIPMandChristopheBrunet–SZN.PhotobyCNR-Ismar.


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Fig.11:AmomentofthePressconferenceheldinAnconaonboardtheRainbowWarrior:fromtheleft,,MarcoFaimali–CNR-IsmarGenoa,SauroLonghi–UNIPM,GiuseppeOnufrio–GPItaly,FrancescoRegoli–UNIPMandPeterWillcox-RWCaptain.PhotobyCNR-Ismar.


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Fig.12:InteractiveteachingworkshopssetupattheOldPortsofGenoa.PhotobyLorenzoMosciaforGreenpeace.


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Inadditiontotheeducationalworkshopsontheimpactofmicroplastics,duringthe"Open-Boat"activitiesof theRainbowWarrior inGenoa,CNR-ISMARorganized, in collaborationwith theZiguelecooperative,aparticularscientificdisseminationactivityentitled:"UnderWaterfront:journeyintothesubmergedlifeoftheportofGenoa"-July23-9:30pm-CalataMoloVecchio-GenoaAnextraordinaryvirtualimmersiontodiscovertheamazingbiodiversitypresentbetweentheseabedandthesubmergedinfrastructuresofthePortofGenoawasorganized.Thankstoaninnovativevideoandaudiosignaltransmissiontechnology,anunderwaterdiverhasbeensentlive,onthebigscreensetupinfrontoftheRainbowWarriorshipmooredintheOld Port of Genoa, images and sounds documenting the most characteristic and peculiarbiological associations that colonize the seabed and submerged infrastructure of a port.Participantshavebeenalsoabletointeractwiththediver,listentohisvoiceandguidethevideofootage,thuscreatingareal"livedocumentary"ofthemarinebiodiversityofthePortofGenoa(Fig.14).

Fig.13:InteractiveteachingworkshopssetupattheOldPortsofAncona.PhotobyUNIPM.


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Fig.14:Playbilloftheevent


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CampaignCNR-ISMARScientificManager

FrancescaGaraventa,PhD

Italy,April18,2018

Documents

Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche · Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche – ISMAR – Istituto di Scienze Marine - Genova p. 2/25 1. Scope The Campaign started in June 24, 2017 from