CONTENTS...Mabaka a mangata. Empa ka bokhutšoanyane, u loke-la ho tsotella hobane u motho, ’me boiketlo ba rona bo hokahane, joaleka ketane, le ba batho ba bang. Ho se …

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Pheliso ea bofuma

Lipehelo tsa ntlafatso ea moshoelella

Pheliso Ea Tlala

Bophelo bo botle le boiketlo

Thuto ea boleng bo phahameng

Tekano ea ba batšehali le ba batona

Metsi a hloekileng le matloana

Ho fokotsa ho se lekane

Literopo tse sa senyeng tikoloho

Bo-ji le tlhahiso li etsoe ka boikarabelo

Paballo ea tikoloho le lihloliloeng tsa naha

Khotso,toka le mafapha a matla a litšebeletso

Taolo ea phetoho ea maemo a leholimo

Motlakase o theko e tlase,o hloekileng

Mesebetsi e meputso e metle le kholiso ea moruo

Ho theha lifeme, ho khothaletsa boqapi, ho theha likhokahano le litsela

Paballo ea maoatle le lihloliloeng tsa oona

Tšebelisano-mmoho ho fihlela lipehelo tsa moshoelella

Notes

36 Millennium Development Goals At A Glance

MOTLAKASE O THEKO E TLASE , O HLOEKILENG

MESEBETSI E MEPUTSO E METLE LE KHOLISO EA MORUO

HO THEHA LIFEME, HO KHOTHALETSA BOQAPI, HO THEHA LIKHOKAHANO LE LITSELA

HO FOK OTSA HO SE LEKANE

LITEROPO TSE SA SENYENG TIKOLOHO

BO-JI LE TLHAHISO LI ETSOE KA BOIKARABELO

THUTO EA BOLENG BO PHAHAMENG

TEKANO EA BA BATŠEHALI LE BA BATONA

METSI A LOEKILENG LE M ATLOANA

PABALLO EA TI KOLOHO LE LIHLOLILOENG TSA NAHA

TAOLO EA PHETOHO EA MAEMO A LEHOLIMO

PABALLO EA MAOA TLE LE LIHLOLILOENG TSA OONA

PHELISO EA BOFUMA

PHELISO

EA TLALABOPHELO BO BOTLE LE BOIKETLO

KHOTSO, TOKA LE MAFAPHA A MA TLA A LITŠEBELETSO

TŠEBELISANO-MMOHO HO FIHLELA LIPEHELO TSA MOSHOELELLA

Ka selemo sa 2000, baetapele ba linaha tse 189 tsa lefatše ba ile ba kopana ho buisana ka bokamo-so ba lefatše. Seo ba ileng ba buisana ka sona se ne se tetebetsa maikutlo. Tlala. Komello. Lintoa. Mafu a seoa. Bofuma. Mathata a lefatše a hanang ho ea mor-iting. Mathata ao, e le a aparetseng literopo le metse ea bona.

Baetapele ba ne ba tseba hore maemo ha a lokela ho ba ka tsela ena. Ba ne ba tseba hore lefatše le hlahisa lijo tse ka anelang ho fepa batho bohle; empa lijo tseo, ha li arolelanoe le ba li hlokang. Ba ne ba tseba hore litlhare tsa HIV le mafu a mang li teng; empa theko ea tsona e boima haholo. Ba ne ba tseba hore likoluoa tsa tšisinyeho ea lefatše le meroallo ea metsi li ke ke tsa qojoa; empa palo e holimo ea batho ba shoang likoluoeng tseo eona e ka qojoa.

Baetapele ba ne ba tseba hore li-billion tsa batho lefatšeng ka bophara, li tsetselela bokamoso bo nt-lafetseng.

Kahoo baetapele ba linaha tsena, ba etsa moralo o bitsoang Lipehelo tsa Ntlafatso tsa Ngoaha-kholo (MDGs) tse nang le lipehelo tse 8. Moralo oo, o ne o reretsoe ho felisa tlala le bofuma pele lilemo tse 15 li feta. E ne e le moralo o nang le litaba-tabelo tse holi-mo haholo.

Mokhatlo oa Ntlafatso oa Machaba a Kopaneng (UN) o ile oa itlhoma pele ho phethahatsa Lipehelo tsa Nt-lafatso tsa Ngoaha-kholo. UNDP, e sebetsang lina-heng tse 170, e ile ea fana ka lichelete ho phethahatsa moralo oo. UNDP e ile ea itlhoma pele ho khothaletsa moralo le ho lemosa batho ka seo ba lokelang ho se etsa ho phethahatsa lipehelo tsa moralo oo. UNDP e ile ea alosa phethahatso ea moralo, le ho bolella naha ka ’ngoe hore na e hole kapa e haufi hakae le katleho.

Katleho e bile kholo haholo lilemong tseo tse 15. Tlala e fokotsehile ka halofo. Bofuma bo fokotsehile ka halofo. Palo ea bana ba kenang sekolo e eketsehile ’me palo ea masea a shoang a le manyenyane lilemong, e foko-tsehile.

Linaha tsena li batla ho ntšetsa-pele katleho e fihlet-soeng lilemong tse 15 tse fetileng ’me li entse moralo o mocha o bitsoang Lipehelo tsa Ntlafatso ea Moshoe-lella (SDGs). Moralo ona, o reretsoe ho felisa tlala le bofuma pele ho selemo sa 2030. Ka lebaka la kama-no e teng lipakeng tsa batho le lihloliloeng tsa lefatše, baetapele ba entse lipehelo tsa paballo le tšebeliso e nepahetseng ea mobu, metsi, linoka le maoatle. Lik-hokahano lipakeng tsa linaha tsa lefatše li ntlafetse ho feta kamoo li neng li le kateng selemong sa 2000, ka-hoo machaba a batla ho lumellana ka bokamoso boo lefatše lohle le lokelang ho ba le bona.

Seo ba se batlang ke hore batho bohle ba be le lijo, ba be le mesebetsi, ’me ho se be le motho ea phelang ka chelete e ka tlase ho $1.25 ka letsatsi.

UN e motlotlo ho boela e fana ka boetapele moralong ona oa ntlafatso ea moshoelella.

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Hobaneng ho le bohlokoa

Batho ba fetang li-million tse 700 ke mafutsana-futse a sitoang ho fihlela litlhoko tsa mantlha, tse kenyelet-sang tsa: bophelo, thuto, metsi, le matloana a boithu-so. Palo ena, e ngata haholo. Boholo ba batho ba phelang ka chelete e katlase ho $1.90 ka letsatsi, eleng mafutsana-futse, ke ba linaha tse Asia Boroa le tse Afrika e ka Boroa ho Sahara. Palo ea batho bao, e etsa 70% ea mafutsana-futse ohle a lefatše. Linaha tse kaholimonyana ho tseo ka moruo, tse kenyeletsang China, India, Indonesia, le Nigeria, le tsona li na le ma-futsana. Nakong ea joale, linaheng tse ruileng ho feta tsohle lefatšeng, ho na le bana ba li-million tse 30 ba holelang kahara bofuma.

Ke hobaneng bofuma bo le bongata lefatšeng?

Bofuma bo mefuta e mengata. Bofuma bo bakoa ke tlhokahalo ea mesebetsi, ho sekisetsoa ha lihlopha tse itseng, likoluoa tse tlang khafetsa, mafu, le lintlha tse ling tse sitisang batho ho ba le lihlahisoa tse ka ba ntšang bofumeng. Ha ke mofutsana. Hobaneng ke lokela ho tsotella bofutsana ba batho ba bang? Mabaka a mangata. Empa ka bokhutšoanyane, u loke-la ho tsotella hobane u motho, ’me boiketlo ba rona bo hokahane, joaleka ketane, le ba batho ba bang. Ho se lekane, ho ntseng ho eketseha lipakeng tsa batho, ho kotsi kholong ea moruo. Ho baka likarohano, ho fehla lipolotiki tsa lehloeo, ho hlokisa batho le linaha botsitso, ebile ho tlisa likhohlano tse bakang lintoa.

Na re ka fihlela pehelo ee?

Ho joalo. Setsibi sa moruo, Jeffrey Sachs, o re ho felisa bofutsana-futse lefatšeng nakong ea lilemo tse 20, ho tla ja chelete e li-billion tse 175 tsa lidolara tsa Ameri-ka ka selemo le selemo. Chelete ena, e nyenyane ha e bapisoa le chelete ea linaha tse ruileng haholo.

Haeba u le motho ea mocha lilemong: Ha u ka kenya letsoho mosebetsing oa ho etsa maano, u ka tlisa phetoho phokotsong ea bofuma. Hona ho tla etsa hore litokelo tsa hao li hlonepshoe, lentsoe la hao le utloahale, ho be le karolelano ea maikutlo lipakeng tsa ba baholo le bacha, ’me tsena li tla tlisa liphetoho maphelong a batho.

PHELISO EA BOFUMA PHELISO EA MEFUTA EOHLE EA BOFUMA LEFATŠENG

Palo ea batho ba fumanang lithuso le litsiane

Haeba u sebetsana le ho etsa maano: Mebuso e ka thusa ka ho rala maano, ho etsa melao, le ho qala litšebeletso, tse tla theha mesebetsi bakeng sa mafutsana le batho ba sekisetsoang. Mebuso e ka rala maano a lichelete a reretsoeng ho holisa moruo, ho ntlafatsa maphelo a mafutsana, le ho fokotsa bo-fuma.

Haeba u sebetsa likhoebong tse ikemetseng: Likhoebo tse ikemetseng, ka ha ke tsona tse matla tse bileng li holisang moruo, li na le boikarabelo bo boholo phokotsong ea bofuma. Likhoebo tseo, li ka thusa ho holisa likhoebo tse nyenyane tsa mafutsana le baitšokoli.

Haeba u le karolo ea bo-ramahlale le li-tichere tsa li-college le li-university: Litichere le barutuoa ba li-college le li-university, ba ka hlo-komelisa sechaba ka bofuma le litla-morao tsa bona. Lithu-to tsa mahlale, li ka fana ka litharollo le li-thekenoloji tsa ho fokotsa bofuma le ho fihlela ntlafatso ea moshoelella. Lithuto tsa mahlale li entse tlatsetso e kholo toantšong ea bofuma. Mohlala: lithuto tseo li re thusitse ho noa metsi a hloekileng, ho fokotsa palo ea batho ba bolaoang ke metsi a sa hloekang, ho re ruta ka paballo ea bophelo, thibelo ea mafu, le bohlokoa ba matloana a boithuso.

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Pehelo ea 1.

Pheliso ea mefuta eohle ea bofuma lefatšeng

1.1 Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho felisoe bofutsana-futse ho batho bohle, lefatšeng lohle. Mafutsana-futse ke batho bao, nakong ea joale, ba phelang ka chelete e katlase ho $1.25 ka letsatsi

1.2 Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho fokotsoe, ka halofo, palo ea banna, basali, le bana, bao ho latela linaha tsa bona, ba hlalosoang e le mafutsana

1.3 Pele ho selemo sa 2030, linaha li kenye tšebetsong maano a boiketlo ba sechaba, a tla sireletsa mafutsana le batho ba tlokots-ing khahlanong le bofuma. Linaha li behe sekepele sa hore na bonyane, motho ka mong, a thusoe ka chelete e kae ea boipheliso

1.4

Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho etsoe bonnete ba hore banna le basali, haholo-holo ba futsanehileng le ba tlokotsing, ba na le li-tokelo le tekano litabeng tsa moruo. Ba fumane litšebeletso tsa mantlha, tokelo ea ho rua mobu le thepa, ba be le litokelo tsa bojalefa, litokelo holima lihloliloeng, ba fuoe monyetla oa ho sebelisa li-thekenoloji tse ncha. Ba fumane litšebeletso tsa lichelete – ho kenyeletsa le likalimo tsa lichelete bakeng sa likhoebo tse nyenyane le likhoebo tsa baitšokoli

1.5 Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho etsoe bonnete ba hore mafutsana le batho ba tlokotsing ba tseba ho itšireletsa khahlanong le li-koluoa tse bakoang ke phetoho ea maemo a leholimo, likoluoa litabeng tsa moruo, esita le litabeng tsa tikoloho

1.a Ho etsa bonnete ba hore ho bokelloa lithuso mehloling e fapakaneng, ho kenyeletsa le tšebelisano ’moho le linaha tse ling, ka sepheo sa ho thusa linaha tse ntseng li tsoela pele, haholo-holo linaha tse saletseng morao litabeng tsa moruo, ho phethahatsa maano le merero ea ho felisa bofuma ka mefuta eohle ea bona

1.b Ho etsoe maano a naha ka ’ngoe, a tikoloho ea linaha tse ahelaneng, le a machaba; maano, e be a reretsoeng ho thusa mafutsana, batho bohle (ho sa khetholloe ba batšehali kapa ba batona), le ho potlakisa merero ea ho felisa bofuma


PHELISO EA BOFUMA

54

PHELISO EA TLALA, HO BA LE LIJO TSE LEKANENG BAKENG SA BATHO

BOHLE, HO NTLAFATSA PHEPO, LE HO KHOTHALETSA TEMO E SA SENYENG

TIKOLOHO LE LIHLOLILOENG

PHELISO

EA TLALA


Tlala le phepo e fosahetseng ke tsona tse sitisang ntlafatso ea moshoelella ’me li fasa batho ka mahla-hahlela ao ba sitoang ho itokolla ho ona. Tlala le phe-po e fosahetseng li etsa hore batho ba fokole ’meleng, ba kule khafetsa, ba sitoe ho fumana mesebetsi, ’me ba sitoe ho ntlafatsa maphelo a bona. Palo ea batho ba phelang hara tlala e kholo lefatšeng ke li-million tse 800, ’me boholo ba batho bao, ba linaheng tse ntseng li tsoela pele.

Lijo li ngata lefatšeng hoo li ka fepang motho e mong le e mong, empa ke hobaneng batho ba bangata ba ntse ba lapa?

Mekhoa ea ho kotula e sa nepahalang le tšenyo ea lijo ke tsona tse bakang khaello ea lijo. Lintoa li baka khael-lo ea lijo li bile li senya tikoloho e sebelisoang ho lema lijalo. Hobaneng ke lokela ho tsotella? Bohle re batla hore malapa a rona a be le lijo tse lekaneng, tse bolokehileng, ’me tse matlafatsang. Ha khora e le teng lefatšeng, ho tla ba le liphetoho tse molemo litabeng tsa: moruo, bophelo bo botle, thuto, tekano, le ntlafatso ea sechaba. Pheliso ea bofuma, ke senotlolo sa bokamoso bo ntlafetseng bakeng sa batho bohle. Ha tlala e ntse e le teng, re ke ke ra fihlela lipehelo tse ling tsa ntlafatso ea moshoelella tse kang thuto, bophelo bo botle, le tekano ea ba batona le ba batšehali.

Ho tla hloka chelete ekae ho felisa tlala?

Re tla hloka chelete e li-billion tse 267 tsa lidolara tsa Amerika selemo le selemo ho felisa tlala lefatšeng lohle pele ho selemo sa 2030. Ho tla lokela ho etsoe lintlafatso literopong le libakeng tse kathoko ho litero-po esita le ho fana ka litsiane – e le hore mafutsana a fumane lijo le ho ntlafatsa mekhoa ea bona ea boiph-eliso.

Re ka etsa joang ho thusa?

U ka etsa liphetoho – lapeng, mosebetsing, le sech-abeng sa heno. Liphetoho u ka li etsa ka ho reka lihla-hisoa tsa temo ea haeno, ka ho reka lijo tse hlahisitso-eng ka temo e sa senyeng tikoloho, ka ho khothaletsa phepo e nepahetseng ea batho bohle, le ka ho loantša tšenyo ea lijo. U ka sebelisa matla a hao, u le moji kapa u le mokhethi, ka ho tsitlalla hore likhoebo le mebuso li etse liphetoho tse tla felisa tlala. U ka kena lipuisanong

11%

Lefatšeng lohle, palo ea batho ba bothateng ba tlala e ile ea

theoha ho tloha ho 15% ho ea ho 11%.

Bonyane batho ba limillione tse 800 ba bothateng ba tlala.

Selemong sa 2014 ngoana a le mong ho ba 5 o ne a le bokhutšoanyane bo bakoang

ke khaello ea phepo

LIPALO-PALO TSA BA LAPILENG KA SELEMO SA 2015:

US and Europe14.7 million

Africa232.5 million

Asia511.7 million

Latin America and Caribbean34.3 million

Oceania1.4 millio

tsa marang-rang kapa tsa lihlopha tse fapakaneng tsa haeno. U ka ba karolo ea sehlopha se sebeletsang pheliso ea tlala lefatšeng ka ho kena marang-rang a www.zerohungerchallenge.org

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Pehelo ea 2.

Pheliso ea tlala, ho ba le lijo tse lekaneng bakeng sa batho bohle, ho ntlafatsa phepo, le ho khothaletsa temo e sa senyeng tikoloho le lihloliloeng.

2.1 Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho felisoe tlala ’me ho etsoe bonnete ba hore batho bohle, haholo-holo mafutsana le batho ba tlokots-ing joaleka masea, ba fumana lijo tse bolokehileng, tse matlafatsang, tse lekaneng ka linako tsohle tsa selemo

2.2 Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho felisoe mefuta eohle ea phepo e fosahetseng. Pele ho selemo sa 2025, ho felisoe bokhutšoanyane ba bana bo bakoang ke khaello ea phepo. Ho felisoe le boketa ba bana ba katlase ho lilemo tse 5. Ho ntlafatsoe phepo ea baro-etsana, bakhachane, batsoetse, le maqheku

2.3

Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho menahanngoe habeli chai ea lijo le meputso ea lihoai tse nyenyane tse hlahisang lijo. Ho shejoe haholo-holo lihoai tsa basali, malapa a phelang ka temo, barui ba liphoofolo, le batšoasi ba lihlapi. Lihoai li fuoe masimo, lisebe-lisuoa tsa temo, tsebo, mekitlane le litšebeletso tse ling tsa lichelete, limmaraka, mekhoa ea ho phahamisa boleng ba lihlahisoa, le khiro mesebetsing eo eseng ea temo

2.4 Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho etsoe bonnete ba hore ho sebelisoa temo e sa senyeng tikoloho, e ka setlelang nakong ea komello le meroallo ea metsi, ’me e be temo e ntlafatsang mobu

2.5Pele ho selemo sa 2020, ho thehoe litsi tse tla boloka boleng ba lipeo, lijalo, le liphoofolo tse ruiloeng esita le tse hlaha. Litsi li thehoe kahara naha ka ’ngoe, tikolohong ea linaha tse ahelaneng, kapa litsing tsa machaba. Ho bokelloe le ho boloka nalane le litsebo tsa sechaba mabapi le limela le liphoofolo

2.a

Ho matlafatsoe temo ka ho tlisa litšebeletso libakeng tse kathoko ho literopo, ho etsoe liphuputso tsa temo, ho be le litšebeletso tsa basupisi ba temo, ho sebelisoe thekenoloji ea temo, ho be le litsi tsa poloko ea lipeo tsa lijalo le liphoofolo. Lintlafatso li etsoe ka tšebelisano le linaha le mekhatlo ea lefatše. Lintlafatso tseo, li etsoe linaheng tse ntseng li tsoela pele, haholo-holo linaheng tse salletseng morao litabeng tsa moruo

2.b Ho hlakoloe lithibelo tse etsoang ke linaha khahlanong le lihlahisoa tsa temo tse tsoang linaheng tse ling. Lithibelo le litšitiso li hlakoloe ho latela thomo ea lipuisano tsa Doha Development Round


PHELISO

EA TLALA

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HO NTLAFATSA MAPHELO LE BOIKETLO BA BATHO BOHLE, HO SA NATSOE

LILEMO TSA BONA


Ho ntlafatsa maphelo le boiketlo ba batho bohle ke ntlha ea bohlokoa ha re batla ho aha sechaba se nang le katleho. Leha lilemong tse sa tsoa feta, ho bile le lint-lafatso tse ngata tsa bophelo le boiketlo ba batho, ha ho tekano ntlheng ea ho fihlela litšebeletso tsa boph-elo. Selemo le selemo, bana ba fetang li-million tse 6 ba shoa pele ba fihla selemong tsa bohlano. Ke feela halofo ea basali bohle ba phelang linaheng tse ntseng li tsoela pele, ba fihlelang litšebeletso tsa bophelo. Li-bakeng tseo ho nang le seoa sa HIV le AIDS, batho ba sitoa ho fumana litšebeletso tsa bophelo ka lebaka la ho tšaba sekhobo le ho khetholloa ’me hoo, ho ba siti-sa ho phela hantle le ho itšebeletsa. Bophelo bo botle le boiketlo ke tokelo ea batho bohle, ke kahoo Moralo oa Ntlafatso ea Moshoelella o fanang ka monyetla oa hore batho bohle ba fumane litšebeletso tsa bophelo tsa boleng bo phahameng – eseng li fumanoe feela ke barui.

Re hatetse pele hakae ho fihlela nakong ea joale?

Khatelo-pele e fihletsoe lintlheng tse ngata, tse kenye-letsang bophelo ba masea le batsoetse, toantšo ea HIV le AIDS, lefu la malaria, le mafu a mang. Ho shoa ha bakhachane le batsoetse ho theohile ka lipercent tse 50 ho tloha ka selemo sa 1990; liente tsa mase-lese li thusitse ho qoba ho shoa ha bana ba li-million tse 15 ho tloha ka selemo sa 2000; qetellong ea sele-mo sa 2014, batho ba fetang li-million tse 13 ba ne ba le kalafong ea HIV le AIDS. Re bile le khatelo-pele empa thota esale ngata. Khatelo-pele ea ’nete e bole-la ho fihlela boemo boo: batho bohle ba fumanang litšebeletso tsa bophelo; litlhare le liente tsa bohlokoa li fumanoang ka theko e tlase; batho ba batšehali ba fumanang litšebeletso tsa basali habonolo; le ho felisa ho shoa ha bana ba bolaoang ke mafu a phekolehang. Ho fihlela lipehelo tsee, ho tla re hloka chelete e kae? Ho etsa hore batho bohle ba be le bophelo bo botle ho hloka boitelo. Melemo ea bophelo bo botle e feta litjeo tsa ho theha litšebeletso tsa bophelo. Batho ba phel-ang hantle ke motheo oa moruo o motle. Mohlala: ha re sebelisa chelete e billion ea lidolara tsa Amerika ho entela flu, serame sa matšoafo, le mafu a mang a ka thibeloang, re ka pholosa maphelo a bana ba million selemo se seng le se seng. Lilemong tse 10 tse fetileng, lintlafatso tsa litšebeletso tsa bophelo li ile tsa eket-

BOPHELO BO BOTLE LE BOIKETLO

89%

91

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2015

Palo ea masea a shoanga le katlase ho lilemo tse 5e ile ea theoha ka halofo lipakeng tsa lilemo tsa 1990 le 2015

Selemong sa 2015, boholo ba batho ba tšoeroeng ke malaria ke ba Afrika e Boroa ho lehoatata la Sahara

sa chelete e kenang mekotleng ea linaha tse futsane-hileng haholo ka lipercent tse 24. Haeba ho sa etsoe letho, ho tla etsahala tse latelang: li-million tsa bana, bakhachane, le batsoetse ba tla tsoela pele ho shoa; litjeo tsa litšebeletso tsa bophelo li tla phahama ’me li tetebetse batho bofumeng; litšebeletso tsa mafu a sa tšoaetsaneng li tla ja lichelete tse ngata haholo lina-heng tse futsanehileng.

Nka etsa eng ho thusa?

U ka qala ka ho sireletsa bophelo ba hao le ba batho ba haufi le uena ka ho etsa khetho e thehiloeng ho-lima tsebo, ho etsa thobalano e sireletsehileng, le ho entela bana mafu a fapakaneng. U ka lemosa secha-ba sa motse oa heno ka bohlokoa ba bophelo bo bo-tle, litloaelo tsa bophelo bo botle, le litokelo tsa batho tsa ho fumana litšebeletso tsa bophelo tsa boleng bo phahameng. U ka sebelisana ’moho le likolo, me-khatlo ea boithabiso, lihlopha tsa lipapali, le mekhatlo e fapakaneng ho khothaletsa bophelo bo botle bak-eng sa bohle, haholo-holo batho ba tlokotsing joale-ka basali le bana. U ka buisana khafetsa le ’muso oa heno, baetapele ba puso ea libaka, le ba etsang liqeto ka ho phethahatsa litšepiso tsa bona tsa ho ntlafatsa litšebeletso tsa bophelo bakeng sa sechaba.

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Pehelo ea 3.

Ho ntlafatsa maphelo le boiketlo ba batho bohle, ho sa natsoe lilemo tsa bona

3.1 Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho fokotsoe palo ea basali ba shoang nakong ea pelehi. Palo eo, e theohele katlase ho 70 ho basali ba 100,000

3.2Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho felisoe ho shoa ha masea a qetang ho hlaha le bana ba katlase ho lilemo tse 5, ba bolaoang ke mafu a ka thibeloang. Linaha tsohle li theole palo ea masea a shoang ha a qeta ho hlaha. Palo eo, e theohele ho 12 ho masea a 1,000. Palo ea bana ba shoang ba le katlase ho lilemo tse 5, e theohele ho 25 ho bana ba 1,000

3.3 Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho felisoe seoa sa AIDS, lefuba, le lefu la malaria. Ho loantšoe mafu a sebete, mafu a bakoang ke metsi a sa hloekang, le mafu a mang a tšoaetsanang

3.4 Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho fokotsoe ka karolo ea boraro (⅓) ho shoa ha batho ba bolaoang ke mafu a sa tšoaetseng, ka ho a thibela le ho a alafa. Ho khothaletsoe bophelo bo botle ba kelello le boiketlo ba bohle

3.5 Ho thibeloe tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi le joala, ho alafuoe batho ba nang le bokhoba ba lithethefatsi le joala

3.6 Pele ho selemo sa 2020, ho theoloe, ka halofo, palo ea batho ba shoang likotsing tsa mebileng

3.7Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho etsoe bonnete ba hore batho bohle ba fumana litšebeletso tsa bophelo tsa thari le thobalano, thero ea malapa, le lithupelo tsa bophelo. Meralo ea bophelo ea linaha ka bo ’ngoe e kenyeletse litšebeletso tsa bophelo tsa thari le thobalano

3.8 Ho anetsoe litšebeletso tsa bophelo ho bohle, ho be le litšebeletso tsa bophelo tsa boleng bo phahameng, tse nang le polokeho le katleho. Ho be le meriana le liente tsa litefiso tse tlase bakeng sa bohle

3.9 Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho fokotsoe haholo lipalo tsa batho ba bolaoang kapa ho kulisoa ke lichefo tse moeeng, metsing, mobung, le mesebetsing

3.a Ho phethahatsoe tumellano ea Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo ea taolo ea tšebeliso ea koae linaheng tsohle

3.bHo tšehetsoe liphuputso tsa ho fumana liente le litlhare tsa mafu a atileng haholo linaheng tse ntseng li tsoela pele. Ho latela tumellano ea Doha Declaration on the TRIPS and Public Health, ho nolofatsoe hore meriana le liente tse sebelisoang haholo, li fumanoe ha bonolo ho sa natsoe lithibelo tsa baqapi ba meriana eo


BOPHELO BO BOTLE LE BOIKETLO

98

HO BE LE THUTO EA BOLENG BO PHAHAMENG BAKENG SA BOHLE; HO

KHOTHALETSOE LE HO FANA KA MENYETLA HO BATHO HO ITHUTA KA

LINAKO TSOHLE HO SA NATSOE LILEMO TSA BONA

THU TO EA BOLENG BO PHAHAMENG


Thuto ke senotlolo se tla etsa hore lipehelo tse ling tsa Ntlafatso ea Moshoelella li fihleloe. Ha batho ba fu-mana thuto ea boleng bo phahameng, ba tseba ho itokolla mahlahahleleng a bofuma. Thuto e tlisa tekano lipakeng tsa ba batona le ba batšehali. Thuto e fa ba-tho matla a bophelo bo botle. Thuto e bohlokoa ho-bane e tlisa mamellano ebile e bopa khotso lipakeng tsa batho le lichaba.

Na batho ba ka fumana mesebetsi e metle le bophe-lo bo ntlafetseng ka lebaka la thuto?

Ho joalo, thuto e felisa ho se lekane. Lipalo-palo tsa linaha tse 114 tse bokeletsoeng lipakeng tsa lilemo tsa 1985 hoisa ho 2005, li supa hore selemo se le seng sa thuto se thusa ho fokotsa ho se lekane ha batho moruong.

Na ho bile le khatelo-pele e ngata litabeng tsa thuto lilemong tse fetileng? Ho joalo, palo ea bana ba kenang likolo tsa mathomo linaheng tse ntseng li tsoela pele, e nyolohetse ho 91%. Ho latela lipalo-palo tsa Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Thu-to, Mahlale le Bochaba (UNESCO), tse bokeletsoeng li-pakeng tsa lilemo tsa 2000 hoisa ho 2012, li supa hore palo ea bana ba sa keneng sekolo e theohile. Afrika e Boroa ho Sahara, palo e theohile ho tloha ho 40% hoisa ho 22%. Asia e Boroa, palo e theohile ho tloha ho 20% hoisa ho 6%.

Ke hokae moo batho ba nang le bothata bo boholo ba ho fumana thuto?

Palo e kaholimo ho halofo (½) ea bana bohle ba sa keneng likolo, ke ba phelang Afrika e Boroa ho Sahara. Hona ho bolela hore, tikoloho ea Afrika e Boroa ho Sa-hara, e-na le palo e holimo ho feta tsohle lefatšeng ea bana ba sa keneng sekolo. Kahoo, tikoloho ena, e loke-la hore pele ho selemo sa 2030, e be e fane ka thuto ho bana ba li-million tse 444 ba lipakeng tsa lilemo tse 3 hoisa ho 15. Palo ena ea bana ba lokelang ho rutoa, e menahanya ea bana ba likolong nakong ea joale ka makhetlo a fetang bobeli (2.6).

Na ho na le lihlopha tse nang le bothata bo boholo ba ho fumana thuto?

Ho joalo, lihlopha tseo ke tsa banana le basali. Karolo ea boraro (⅓) ea linaha tse ntseng li tsoela pele, ha li na palo ea banana e lekanang le ea bashanyana li-kolong tsa mathomo. Tikolohong ea Afrika e Boroa ho

^_`

Selemong sa 2013,bana ba limillione tse 59, ba lokelang ho ba likolong tsa mathomo, ba ne ba sa kene sekolo

Selemong sa 2013, batho ba baholo ba limillione tse 757ba ne ba sa tsebe ho bala le ho ngola. Boholo ba palo eo, e ne e le basali

Sahara, Oceania (lihleke-hleke tse ka Boroa ho leoatle la Pacific), le Asia Bophirima, banana ba etsetsoa lithi-belo tse ngata tsa ho kena likolong tsa mathomo le tse bohareng. Lithibelo tsena, li ba hlokisa litsebo tse ka ba fang menyetla ea ho hiroa mesebetsing

Re ka etsa eng?

Re ka kopa mebuso ea rona ho beha thuto se-hlohlolong sa meralo, ’me meralo eo e phethahat-soe. Re ka khothaletsa mebuso ea rona ho etsa tšepiso e tiileng ea ho fana ka thuto ea mathomo e sa le-felloeng ho bohle. Thuto eo, e kenyeletse bana ba tlokotsing le lihlopha tse sekisetsoang.

Re ka khothaletsa bo-ralikhoebo ho kenya letso-ho ntlafatsong le kholisong ea thuto ka ho fana ka lithusa-thuto, meaho, le lisebelisuoa tse ling. Re ka khothaletsa mekhatlo e ikemetseng ho iko-panya le bacha le lihlopha tse ling ho khothaletsa thuto metseng. Phirima, banana ba etsetsoa lithi-belo tse ngata tsa ho kena likolong tsa mathomo le tse bohareng. Lithibelo tsena, li ba hlokisa litsebo tse ka ba fang menyetla ea ho hiroa mesebetsing

98

Pehelo ea 4.

Ho be le thuto ea boleng bo phahameng bakeng sa bohle; ho khothaletsoe le ho fana ka menyetla ho batho ho ithuta ka linako tsohle ho sa natsoe lilemo tsa

bona

4.1 Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho etsoe bonnete ba hore banana le bashanyana bohle ba qeta thuto ea mathomo le e bohareng e sa lefelloeng, e tšoanang, ea boleng bo phahameng, e tla ba fetisetsa pele

4.2 Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho etsoe bonnete ba hore banana le bashanyana bohle ba fumana thuto ea likonyaneng e tla ba lok-isetsa ho qala thuto ea likolong tsa mathomo

4.3Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho etsoe bonnete ba hore basali le banna bohle ba fumana thuto ea boleng bo phahameng ka litjeo tseo ba ka li fihlelang. Thuto e be ea likolo tsa mesebetsi ea matsoho, ea litsi tsa thuto e phahameng, ho kenyeletsa lea li-uni-versity

4.4 Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho eketsoe palo ea bacha le batho ba baholo ba nang le litsebo tse hlokoang, ho kenyeletsa tsa meseb-etsi ea matsoho, hore ba tle ba hiroe, ba fumane mesebetsi e metle, kapa ba ithehele likhoebo

4.5Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho felisoe khethollo, lipakeng tsa ba batona le ba batšehali, thutong. Ho etsoe bonnete ba hore bohle ba fihlela thuto efe kapa efe eo ba e batlang. Ho be le koetliso ea mesebetsi ea matsoho bakeng sa bana, batho ba baholo ba tlokotsing, le batho ba phelang le bokooa

4.6 Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho etsoe bonnete ba hore bacha bohle, banna, le basali, ba tseba ho bala, ho ngola, le ho etsa lipalo

4.7 Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho etsoe bonnete ba hore baithuti bohle ba fumane litsebo tse hlokoang ho khothaletsa ntlafatso ea moshoelella. Litsebo tseo li kenyeletse litokelo tsa botho, tekano ea ba batšehali le ba batona, ho khothaletsa khotso, ho se se-belise likhoka, le hore na bochaba bo ka etsa tlatsetso efe ntlafatsong ea moshoelella

4.7a Ho ahoe le ho ntlafatsa likolo tse hlokomelang bana, batho ba nang le bokooa, tse sa khetholleng lipakeng tsa banana le bash-anyana, tse bolokehileng, tse se nang tlhekefetso, tse ipabolang ka ho ruta

4.7b Pele ho selemo sa 2020, ho eketsoe palo ea lihlapiso tsa thuto tse fuoang linaha tse ntseng li tsoela pele, linaha tse saletseng morao moruong, le linaha tsa lihleke-hleke tse nyenyane tse ntseng li tsoela pele. Ba filoeng lihlapiso ba ithute litsing tse fapa-kaneng tsa thuto e phahameng linaheng tse tsoetseng pele litabeng tsa moruo esita le ho tse ntseng li tsoela pele moruong

4.7c Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho eketsoe haholo palo ea matichere a nang le mangolo, sena se etsoe ka kopanelo le machaba. Ha-holo-holo ho rupeloe litichere tsa linaha tse ntseng li tsoela pele, linaha tse saletseng morao litabeng tsa moruo, le linaha tsa lihleke-hleke tse nyenyane tse ntseng li tsoela pele


THUTO EA BOLENG BO PHAHAMENG

1110

HO FIHLELA TEKANO EA BA BATŠEHALI LE BA BATONA; LE HO FA BASALI LE

BANANA BOHLE MATLA



Palo ea basali le banana e etsa halofo ea palo ea ba-tho bohle lefatšeng ’me ba ne ba ka tlisa liphetoho tse kholo, tsa bohlokoa. Leha ho le joalo, khethollo ea basali e ntse e tsoela pele’me e khina tsoelopele ea linaha. Ka selemo sa 2014, e ne e le feela linaha tse 143 tse nang le Molao ea Motheo o fanang ka tekano ea banna le basali. Linaha tse 52, ha li e-so be le Mo-lao oa Motheo o joalo.

Ho tla etsahala eng haeba tekano ea basali le banna e le sieo? Khethollo e etsoang khahlanong le banana e qala ho tloha ha ba hlaha. Linaheng tse ling, banana ba tin-goa monyetla oa ho fumana litšebeletso tsa bophelo kapa phepo e nepahetseng. Hona ho etsa hore bana ba banana ba shoe ka bongata. Ha ba kena boroet-saneng, khethollo e ntse e eketseha. Palo ea banana ba kenang manyalong ba le lilemong tse tlase e nga-ta ho feta ea bashanyana. Ka selemo, lefatšeng ka kakaretso, banana ba 15 million, ba katlase ho lilemo tse 18, ba kena manyalong ao. Hona ho bolela hore, ka letsatsi, palo ea banana ba kenang manyalong ao ke 37,000. Manyalo ana a ba sitisa ho fumana thuto. Karolo ea boraro (⅓) ea linaha tse ntseng li tsoela pele, ha li na tekano lipakeng tsa banana le bashanyana ba kenang likolo tsa mathomo. Tikolohong ea Afrika e Bo-roa ho Sahara, Oceania (lihleke-hleke tse ka Boroa ho leoatle la Pacific), le Asia Bophirima, banana ba etset-soa lithibelo tsa ho kena likolong tsa mathomo le tse bohareng.

Ho hloka tekano ho ama basali joang? Khethollo litabeng tsa thuto e hlokisa basali litsebo ebile e fokotsa menyetla ea bona ea ho hiroa mesebetsing. Ho fa basali le banana matla, ho holisa moruo ebile ho ntlafatsa sechaba. Ho kenyeletsa basali mesebetsing ea naha, ho ka holisa moruo oa linaha tse ngata ka tsela e potlakileng.

Na ho na le liqholotso tse ling tse bakoang ke ho se lekane ha basali le banna?

Ho joalo. Lefatšeng ka bophara, 35% ea basali ba kile ba khakhathoa ke banna kapa ba hlekefetsoa ka motabo. Banana le basali ba li-million tse 133 ba tlos-itsoe likarolo tsa litho tsa bosali. Moetlo ona o kotsi o etsahala haholo linaheng tse 29 tsa Afrika le Bocha-bela-bo-hare. Moetlo ona, o kotsi hobane ngoanana kapa mosali a ka lahleheloa ke mali a mangata, a fu-

0

10

2019%

Women Men

8%

Palo ea banna le basali ba etsang mesebetsi e sa pataloeng

Palo ea basali liparamenteng ka 2016: Ke 23%

mana tšoaetso ea HIV, a ba le mathata a pelehi, a hlo-ka thari, esita le ho shoa.

Hobaneng ke lokela ho tšoenyeha ka lebaka la ho se lekane ha basali le banna?

Ho sa natsoe na u phela hokae, tekano ea ba batše-hali le ba batona ke tokelo ea mantlha ea botho. Ho khothaletsa tekano ho fokotsa bofuma, ho khothaletsa bophelo bo botle, thuto, tšireletso le boiketlo ba ba-nana le bashanyana. Ho ntlafatsa manane a thuto ea banana le ho nyolla lilemo tseo ba ka kenang len-yalong ka tsona, ho tla ntlafatsa moruo oa naha. Ho theha mesebetsi, e kenyang chelete bakeng sa basali, ho tla ntlafatsa le ho holisa moruo.

Re ka etsa joang ho lokisa mathata aa? Ha u le ngoanana, u ka tsoela pele ho kena sekolo, ho khothaletsa lithaka tsa hao tsa banana ho kena sekolo, ho loanela litokelo tsa hao tsa ho fumana litšebelet-so tsa bophelo ba basali. Ha u le mosali, u ka bua ka khethollo, e ipatileng, e etsetsoang basali – e ba thi-belang ho fumana menyetla e lekanang lea banna. Ha u le monna kapa moshanyana, u ka sebelisana ’moho le basali le banana ho fihlela tekano le tlhomphano li-pakeng tsa basali le banna. U ka fana ka chelete ho thusa matšolo a loantšang meetlo e kang ea ho tlosa likarolo tsa litho tsa bosali, le ho fetola melao e seki-setsang banana le basali ’me e ba sitisang ho fihlela litaba-tabelo tsa bona.

1110

Pehelo ea 5.

Ho fihlela tekano ea ba batšehali le ba batona; le ho fa basali le banana bohle matla

5.1 Ho felisoe khethollo e khahlanong le basali le banana hohle

5.2 Ho felisoe tlhekefetso eohle e khahlanong le basali le banana malapeng le libakeng tse ling, ho kenyeletsa le khoebisano ea ba-tho, tlhekefetso ea motabo, le ho qhekanyetsoa ka mekhoa e fapakaneng

5.3 Ho felisoe litloaelo le meetlo e kotsi joaleka ho qobella bana ba banana manyalong le ho ba tlosa likarolo tsa litho tsa bosali

5.4Ho ananeloe bohlokoa ba mesebetsi ea lelapa e etsoang ke basali ba sa lefshoe meputso. Sena, se ka etsoa ka hore ho be le litšebeletso le litsiane tse fanoang ke ’muso ho malapa, le ho khothaletsa karolelano ea mesebetsi ea lelapa – ha hoo ho amoheleha meetlong ea sechaba

5.5 Ho etsoe bonnete ba hore basali ba na le kabelo esita le boetapele methating eohle moo ho etsoang liqeto tsa lipolotiki, moruo, le litaba tse ling tsa sechaba

5.6 Ho etsoe bonnete ba hore basali ba fihlela litšebeletso tsa bophelo ba basali ho latela likhothaletso tsa liphutheho tse fapa-kaneng tsa machaba litabeng tsa basali

5.6a Ho etsoe liphetoho tse tla fa basali litokelo tse lekanang le tsa banna litabeng tsa moruo, ho rua mobu le thepa, litšebeletsong tsa lichelete, le litabeng tsa bojalefa le lihloliloeng, ho latela melao ea naha

5.6b Ho ntlafatsoe tšebeliso ea thekenoloji haholo-holo ea liphatlalatso le marang-rang ho fa basali matla

5.6c Ho etsoe maano le melao e tla khothaletsa tekano lipakeng tsa ba batšehali le ba batona le ho fa basali le banana matla



1312

HO ETSA BONNETE BA HORE METSI LE MATLOANA LI TENG BAKENG SA

BATHO BOHLE, ’ME LI LAOLOA KA MOKHOA O SA SENYENG TIKOLOHO



Ho ba le metsi, matloana, le bohloeki ke litokelo tsa botho. Leha ho le joalo, li-billion tsa batho li na le mathata a ho fumana litšebeletso tsena. Batho ba li-billion tse 1.8 lefatšeng ka kakaretso, ba noa metsi a silafalitsoeng ke mantle a batho. Batho ba li-billion tse 2.4 lefatšeng ka bophara, ha ba na matloana a boithuso. Batho ba fetang 40%, ea batho bohle le-fatšeng, ba na le khaello ea metsi ’me tebello ke hore palo ena e tla eketseha. Lipalo li supa hore 80% ea metsi a litšila, a sebelisitsoeng ke batho, a phallela li-nokeng le maoatleng moo a bakang tšilafalo.

Litla-morao ke life? Mafu a bakoang ke metsi a litšila le bosieo ba matloa-na ke ona a bolaeang palo e ngata ea bana ba katlase ho lilemo tse 5; bana ba fetang 800 ba shoa letsatsi le leng le le leng, ba bolaoa ke letšollo le bakoang ke bosieo ba bohloeki. Metsi a hloekileng le matloana ke senotlolo sa bohlokoa sa ho fihlela Lipehelo sa Ntlafat-so ea Moshoelella ho kenyeletsa le bophelo bo botle. Ha re ka ra sebelisa metsi ka tsela e nepahetseng, re tla tseba ho hlahisa lijo, ho fehla motlakase, ho theha mesebetsi, le ho holisa moruo. Hape re tla tseba ho sireletsa lihloliloeng tse phelang metsing le ho thibela phetoho ea maemo a leholimo. Ho tla re ja chelete e kae ho lokisa mathata aa? Boithuto bo entsoeng ke Banka ea Lefatše (World Bank Group), Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Bana (UNICEF) le Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo (WHO) bo supa hore ho fana ka litšebeletso tsa mantlha tsa metsi le matloana ho batho ba li hlokang, ho tla hloka chelete e li-billion tse fetang 28 tsa lidolara tsa Amerika ka sele-mo, ho tloha ka selemo sa 2015 hoisa ho sa 2030.

Haeba re sa lokise bothata boo, ho tla etsahala joang?

Ho ka ama batho le moruo ka tsela e tšosang. Nakong ea joale, batho ba fetang li-million tse 2 lefatšeng, ba bolaoa ke letšollo selemo se seng le se seng. Bosieo ba bohloeki le metsi a litšila ke tsona tse bolaeang 90% ea batho bao, ’me boholo ba bona ke bana. Moruo oa linaha tse tikolohong e Boroa ho Sahara o thefu-loa ke tlhokahalo ea metsi a hloekileng le matloana ha moruo oa India o thefuloa ke tlhokahalo ea matloana. Ha ho sena litšebeletso tsa metsi a hloekileng, likho-ere-khoere, le matloana, li-million tsa batho li tla ’ne li

Batho ba limillione tse 663ba ntse ba sebelisa metsi a sa hloekisoang

Batho ba libillione tse 2.4ha ba na matloana a boithuso

Batho ba libillione tse 2 lefatšeng ba bothateng ba ho fumana metsi

Palo ea litikoloho tsa lefatše tse nang le meralo ea taolo ea phepelo ea metsi ke 39%

shoe selemo le selemo. Lihloliloeng li tla shoa, moruo o thefulehe, le morero oa ntlafatso ea moshoelella o tla nonyetseha.

Re ka etsa eng?

Mekhatlo ea sechaba e sebeletse ho bona hore me-buso e nka boikarabelo ba ho ntlafatsa litšebeletso tsa metsi le ho kenyeletsa basali le bacha tsamaisong ea litšebeletso tseo. Mekhatlo ea sechaba e hlokomelise ’muso le sechaba ka boikarabelo ba ’muso ba ho nt-lafatsa litšebeletso tsa sechaba le paballo ea tikoloho. Sechaba le batho ba boithatelo bo botle ba ka kena matšolong a lefatše a kang Letsatsi la Lefatše la Metsi (World Water Day) le Letsatsi la Lefatše la Matloana (World Toilet Day). Matšolo ana, a hlahlella sechaba ka tsebo le ho se khothaletsa ho nka bohato lintlheng tse amanang le bohloeki.

1312

Pehelo ea 6.

Ho etsa bonnete ba hore metsi le matloana li teng, bakeng sa batho bohle,

’me li laoloa ka mokhoa o sa senyeng tikoloho

6.1 Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho be le metsi a hloekileng, a theko e tlase, bakeng sa batho bohle

6.2 Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho be le matloana a boithuso ’me ho felisoe tloaelo ea ho ithusetsa mohlabaneng. Tabeng ena, ho hlokomeloe haholo-holo litlhoko tsa basali, banana, le lihlopha tse tlokotsing

6.3 Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho ntlafatsoe bohloeki le boleng ba metsi ka ho khaotsa ho lahlela toti le mefuta e fapakaneng ea lichefo ka metsing. Hape ho hloekisoe metsi a litšila a tsoang malapeng le lifemeng ka sepheo sa ho a sebelisa hape

6.4 Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho fokotsoe tšebeliso e senyang metsi mafapheng ohle a litšebeletso tsa sechaba. Ho etsoe bonnete ba hore metsi a sebelisoang, ha a fete a bokelloang; ’me ka tsela eo, ho tla fokotsoa palo ea batho ba hlokang metsi

6.5 Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho hokahanngoe taolo le tšebeliso ea metsi kahara naha, le ho hokahanya tšebeliso ea metsi lipakeng tsa linaha tse ahelaneng

6.6 Pele ho selemo sa 2020, ho sireletsoe le ho nchafatsa mehloli ea metsi e kenyeletsang lithaba, meru, mekhoabo, linoka, le matša

6.6a Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho thusoe linaha, tse ntseng li tsoela pele, ho ntlafatsa litšebeletso tsa metsi. Ntlafatso eo e be e kenye-letsang pokello ea metsi, ho tlhotla letsoai metsing a leoatle, ho sebelisa metsi ka tsela e a baballang, tlhoekiso ea metsi a litšila hore a sebelisoe hape

6.6b Ho khothaletsoe le ho kenya sechaba litšebeletsong tsa ho laola metsi le matloana a boithuso



1514

HO ETSA HORE BATHO BOHLE BA FUMANE MOTLAKASE O THEKO E TLASE,

O SA KHAOHENG KHAFETSA, O FEHLOANG KA LISEBELISUOA TSE SA

SILAFATSENG TIKOLOHO

MOTLAKASE O THEKO E TLASE , O HLOEKILENG


Maphelo a rona a letsatsi le letsatsi a itšetlehile ka motlakase o sa khaoheng khafetsa, o theko e tlase. Phepelo ea motlakase, e sebetsang hantle, e jara ma-fapha ohle: likhoebo, lipetlele, litleleniki, likolo, temo, lik-hokahano, le mechini ea thekenoloji e phahameng. Ka tsela e tšoanang, bosieo ba motlakase bo khina tsoe-lopele ea sechaba le kholiso ea moruo

Ke na le motlakase. Hobaneng ke lokela ho tsotella pehelo ee? Lilemong tse mashome-shome tse fetileng, ho ne ho sebelisoa mashala, oli, le khase ho fehla motlakase. Lisebelisuoa tsena, li ntša mosi o bakang tšilafatso ea tikoloho, li kotsi maphelong a batho, ebile li baka phetoho ea maemo a leholimo. Tšilafatso ena e ama batho bohle. Tšebeliso ea motlakase lefatšeng ka bo-phara e ntse e eketseha. Ka lebaka leo, ha phepelo ea motlakase e sa eketsehe, linaha li tla ba le mathata a ho ntlafatsa moruo oa tsona. Ke palo e kae ea batho ba senang motlakase? Palo ea batho ba fetang billion lefatšeng ha ba na motlakase. Ka mantsoe a mang, motho a le mong ho ba bahlano lefatšeng ha a na motlakase. Palo e kholo ea batho bao, ba senang motlakase, ke ba phelang linaheng tse 12 tsa Afrika le Asia. Ha motlakase o le sieo, basali le banana ba qeta boholo ba nako ba ea lilibeng ho kha metsi, litleleniki li sitoa ho boloka liente tsa bana tse hlokang ho bolokoa ka lihatsetsing, bana ba sekolo ba sitoa ho etsa li-homework ka phirimana malapeng, le batho ba sitoa ho etsa likhoebo tse hlo-kang tšebeliso ea motlakase. Batho ba palo e atamet-sang li-billion tse 3, ba futhumatsa matlo ba bile ba pheha ka patsi, mashala, le lisu. Lisebelisuoa tsena, li ntša mosi o silafatsang sepaka-paka, ’me li bolaea ba-tho ba fetang li-million tse 4 ka selemo.

Ho tla re ja chelete e kae ho sebelisa motlakase o fehloang ka lisebelisuoa tse sa feleng ’me tse sa sila-fatseng tikoloho?

Lefatše le lokela ho menahanya tlhahiso ea motlakase hararo ka selemo ho tloha joale ho fihlela ka selemo sa 2030. Tšebetso ena, e tla hloka li-trillion tse 1.25 tsa lidolara tsa Amerika pele ho selemo sa 2030. Libaka tse nang le khaello e kholo ea motlakase ke linaha tse ka Boroa ho Sahara le tse ka Boroa ho Asia ’me li lokela ho thusoa. Hona ho bolela hore ho lokela ho sebetsoa ka thata ho fumana litofo tse phehang empa li se kotsi maphelong a batho Lefatše le lokela ho menahanya

tlhahiso ea motlakase hararo ka selemo ho tloha joale ho fihlela ka selemo sa 2030. Tšebetso ena, e tla hlo-ka li-trillion tse 1.25 tsa lidolara tsa Amerika pele ho selemo sa 2030. Libaka tse nang le khaello e kholo ea motlakase ke linaha tse ka Boroa ho Sahara le tse ka Boroa ho Asia ’me li lokela ho thusoa. Hona ho bolela hore ho lokela ho sebetsoa ka thata ho fumana litofo tse phehang empa li se kotsi maphelong a batho

Re ka etsa eng ho rarolla mathata aa?

Linaha li lokela ho etsa liphetoho tse potlakileng tsa ho sebelisa motlakase o theko e tlase, o sa khaoheng khafetsa, o fehloang ka lisebelisuoa tse sa feleng, tse sa silafatseng tikoloho. Likhoebo li lokela ho sireletsa tikoloho ka ho fehla motlakase ka metsi kapa lisebeli-suoa tse ling tse sa silafatseng tikoloho. Linaha li lokela ho itlama ho fehla motlakase ohle ka lisebelisuoa tse sa feleng. Ho fokotsoe tšebeliso ea lipalangoang tse bakang tšilafatso e kholo ea tikoloho le sepaka-paka. Batho ba ka boloka motlakase ka hore nakong eo o sa sebelisoeng, ba ntše li-plug. Batho ba khothaletsoe ho tsamaea ka maoto, ho palama libaesekele, le ho pala-ma libese tsa baeti ho fokotsa palo ea lipalangoang tse ngata tse ntšang mesi e silafatsang sepaka-paka le tikoloho.

Selemong sa 2012, batho ba libillione tse 1.1,ba ne ba se na motlakase

Lipakeng tsa lilemo tsa 2010 le 2012, mekhoa ea ho fehla motlakase ka lisebelisuoa tse sa senyeng tikoloho, e ile ea eketseha ka 4%

1514

Pehelo ea 7.

Ho etsa hore batho bohle ba fumane motlakase o theko e tlase, o sa khaoheng khafetsa, o fehloang ka lisebelisuoa tse sa silafatseng tikoloho

7.1 Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho etsoe bonnete ba hore batho bohle ba na le motlakase o theko e tlase, o sa khaoheng khafetsa

7.2 Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho fehloe motlakase ka lisebelisuoa tse sa feleng ho eketsa o seng o ntse o le teng

7.3 Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho menahanngoe, habeli, mekhoa ea ho boloka motlakase ka ho theola bongata ba motlakase o se-belisoang

7.3a Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho matlafatsoe tšebelisano ’moho ea linaha ho etsa hore batho ba fumane motlakase o fehloang ka lisebelisuoa tse sa silafatseng tikoloho le tse sa jeng motlakase o mongata

7.3b Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho atolosoe le ho ntlafatsa phepelo ea motlakase linaheng tsohle tse ntseng li tsoela pele, linaheng tse saletseng morao moruong, linaheng tsa lihleke-hleke tse nyenyane, linaheng tse ntseng li tsoela pele tse lika-likelitsoeng ke tse ling, ’me tsena li etsoe ho latela meralo ea linaha tseo

LITEROPO TSE SA SENYENG TIKOLOHO MOTLAKASE O THE KO E TLASE , O HLOEKILENG

1716

HO HOLISA MORUO BAKENG SA BATHO BOHLE LE HO THEHA MESEBETSI E

MEPUTSO E METLE, E SIRELETSANG LITOKELO TSA BASEBETSI



Pheliso ea bofuma e ka etsahala feela ka ho thehoa ha mesebetsi e tsitsitseng e lefang meputso e metle. Lefatšeng ka bophara, ke batho ba li-billion tse fetang 2 bao e leng mafutsana-futse – ba phelang ka chelete e katlase ho li-dolara tse 2 tsa Amerika ka letsatsi.

Ke palo e kae ea batho ba sa sebetseng? Ho latela Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Basebetsi (ILO) palo ea batho ba sa sebetseng lefatšeng e ntse e eketseha. Ka selemo sa 2015, e ne ele batho ba fetang li-million tse 204 ba sa sebetseng.

Ke palo e kae ea batho ba senang motlakase? Ho latela Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Basebetsi (ILO) palo ea batho ba sa sebetseng lefatšeng e ntse e eketseha. Ka selemo sa 2015, e ne ele batho ba fetang li-million tse 204 ba sa sebetseng.

Ke mesebetsi e mekae e lokelang ho thehoa?

Ho lokela ho thehoa mesebetsi e li-million tse 470 bak-eng sa batho bohle lefatšeng. Hona ho bolela hore ba-tho ba li-million li 30 ba lokela ho hiroa selemo se seng le se seng.

Na ha batho bohle ba ka fumana mesebetsi, bofuma bo tla fela?

Ntle le ho theha mesebetsi e mecha, re lokela ho ntla-fatsa meputso bakeng sa basali le banna ba li-million li 780 ba kholang meputso e sitoang ho ntša malapa a bona bofumeng. Kaholimo ho mona, banana le basa-li ba lokela ho fuoa menyetla ea khiro e lekanang lea bashanyana le banna.

’Na kea sebetsa. Hobaneng ke lokela ho itšoenya ka litaba tsee?

Sechaba sohle se una molemo ha batho ba bangata ba na le mesebetsi. Ho ba le “mesebetsi e meputso e metle” ke senotlolo sa phokotso ea bofuma. Ha re sa nke mehato ea ho theha mesebetsi, tlhokahalo ea mesebetsi e ka baka meferefere le ho luka khotso.

Ho boleloa eng ka “mesebetsi e meputso e metle”?

Ka mesebetsi e meputso e metle, ho boleloa ho fana ka menyetla ea khiro ho bohle, ho lefshoa meputso e nang le toka, ho ba le botsitso mosebetsing, ho ba le litsiane tse sireletsang lelapa, le ho ba le monyetla oa

ho intlafatsa mosebetsing. Ho bohlokoa hore banna le basali ba fuoe menyetla e lekanang mesebetsing. Bosieo ba mesebetsi e meputso e metle, bo amoha batho litokelo tsa botho tsa ho una melemo ntlafat-song ea moruo.

Re ka etsa joang ho rarolla mathata aa?

Bacha ba fumane koetliso le thuto tse nepahetseng hore ba tle ba fumane mesebetsi e meputso e metle. Bacha ba fuoe litsebo tse hlokoang ke beng ba meseb-etsi. Ba fuoe litsiane tse sireletsang basebetsi ho sa natsoe mofuta oa khiro ea bona. Ho se be le khethollo e itšetlehileng ka botšehali kapa botona, kapa maemo a malapa ao batho ba tsoang ho oona. Mebuso e the-he mesebetsi e behang batho pele ho lintho tsohle, e khothaletsang khiro ea batho ba bacha, e fanang ka matla ho basali, e meputso e metle bakeng sa bohle.

4.7%

7%

2.6%2010-20142005-2009

2

4

6

8

2015 Paris Climate Agreement01 02 03 0

Asia Bophirima

Afrika Leboea

9%20%

10%25%

Kholo ea moruo linaheng tse saletseng morao moruong

Menyetla ea basali ea ho hiroa e tlase ho feta ea banna Asia Bophirima le Afrika Leboea

1716

Pehelo ea 8.

Ho holisa moruo bakeng sa batho bohle le ho theha mesebetsi e meputso e me-tle, e sireletsang litokelo tsa basebetsi

8.1 Ho ntšetsoe pele sekhahla sa ho hola ha moruo, haholo-holo sekhahla sa ho hola ha moruo oa linaha tse saletseng morao litabeng tsa moruo

8.2 Ho nyolla moruo ka ho theha mesebetsi e fapakaneng, ho sebelisa thekenoloji, ho sebelisa boqapi, ho theha mesebetsi e hirang batho ba bangata, le ho eketsa boleng ba lihlahisoa pele li rekisoa

8.3Ho rala maano a tla theha mesebetsi e meputso e metle, a tla khothaletsa sechaba ho ithehela likhoebo, le ho khothaletsa boqa-pi. Maano a ananele le ho tšehetsa likhoebo tsa baitšokoli, likhoebo tse nyenyane le tse mahareng. Maano a thuse likhoebo tseo tse nyenyane ho fumana mekitlane le likalimo tsa lichelete

8.4Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho ntlafatsoe tlhahiso le tšebeliso ea lihlahisoa ka tsela e sa tlo senya tikoloho. Ho eloe hloko hore kholo ea moruo e se ke ea senya tikoloho ho latela Tumellano ea Machaba ea 10YFP (10 Year Framework of Programmes on Sustain-able Consumption and Production )

8.5 Pele ho selemo sa 2030, banna, basali, bacha, le batho ba nang le bokooa ba be le mesebetsi ’me ba lefshoe meputso e lekanang bakeng sa mesebetsi e tšoanang

8.6 Pele ho selemo sa 2020, ho fokotsoe palo ea bacha ba senang mesebetsi, thuto, kapa koetliso

8.7 Ho nkuoe mehato e tla felisa bokhoba, khoebisano ka batho, ho hira bana mesebetsing, le ho sebelisa bana e le masole. Pele ho selemo sa 2025, ho se be ngoana, lea mong, ea hiroang mesebetsing

8.8 Ho sireletsoe litokelo tsa basebetsi ’me ho khothaletsoe polokeho le botsitso bakeng sa basebetsi bohle. Ho sireletsoe litokelo tsa basebetsi ba tsoang linaheng tse kathoko, haholo-holo basebetsi ba basali le batho ba hiriloeng mesebetsing e sa tsitsang

8.9 Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho etsoe le ho phethahatsa meralo, e tla khothaletsa bohahlauli bo sa senyeng tikoloho, bo thehang mesebetsi, bo khothaletsang bochaba ba naha, le bo khothaletsang ho rekoa ha lihlahisoa tsa naha ka ’ngoe

8.10 Ho matlafatsoe litšebeletso tsa lichelete kahare ho naha, ho khothaletsoe le ho atolosoa litšebeletso tsa lipolokelo, li-insurance le litšebeletso tse ling tsa lichelete bakeng sa batho bohle

8.10 a

Ho eketsoe lithuso tse tšehetsang likhoebo tsa linaha tse ntseng li tsoela pele, haholo-holo linaha tse saletseng morao moruong. Lithuso tseo li ipapise le Tumellano ea Machaba ea Lithuso litabeng tsa Khoebo bakeng sa Linaha tse saletseng morao Moruong (Enhanced Integrated Framework for Trade-related Technical Assistance to Least Developed Countries)

8.10 b

Pele ho selemo sa 2020, ho raloe le ho kenya tšebetsong maano a ho theha mesebetsi bakeng sa bacha, ’me ho phethahat-soe tumellano ea Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Basebetsi (ILO) e tsejoang ka hore ke Tumellano ea Lefatše ea ho theha Mesebetsi (Global Jobs Pact)



1918

HO AHA LIFEME, LIKHOKAHANO, LE LITSELA TSE SA SENYENG TIKOLOHO

’ME TSE ITŠEMATLELANG NAKONG EA LIKOLUOA; LE HO KHOTHALETSA

BOQAPI

HO THEHA LIFEME, HO KHOTHALETSA BOQAPI,HO THEHA LIKHOKAHANO LE LITSELA


Kholo ea moruo, ntšetsopele ea sechaba, le thibelo ea phetoho ea maemo a leholimo, li itšetlehile ka ho thehoa ha lifeme, ntlafatso ea litsela, le ntlafatso ea likhokahano. Ntlafatso ea moshoelella e lokela ho kenyeletsa ho thehoa ha lifeme tse tla fana ka meseb-etsi ho bohle, boqapi, esita le litsela le likhohano tse ka itšematlelang nakong ea likoluoa.

Joale bothata bo hokae? Linaheng tse ntseng li tsoela pele, ho na le khaello e kholo ea litsela, lifono-fono, phepelo ea metsi le mot-lakase, le matloana a boithuso le litšebeletso tsa lik-hoere-khoere. Palo ea batho ba li-billion tse fetang 1.5 ha ba na litšebeletso tsa lifono-fono. Batho ba li-billion tse fetang 2.5 lefatšeng, ha ba na matloana a boithu-so ha ba li-million tse 800, ba hloka metsi. Linaheng tse ntseng li tsoela pele, ke feela 30% ea lihlahisoa tsa temo, tseo boleng ba tsona bo ntlafatsoang pele li ka rekisetsoa linaha tse ling.

Hobaneng ke lokela ho tsotella? Ke hobane lintlha tsena tsohle li ama maphelo a rona. Ho thehoa le ho hola ha lifeme, ho ntlafatsa maphelo a rona. Ha lifeme li sebelisa lihloliloeng ka tsela e sa feliseng lihloliloeng tseo kapa ho silafatsa tikoloho; hoo ho tla thibela phetoho ea maemo a leholimo. Phetoho ea maemo a leholimo e beha maphelo a rona tsiets-ing.

Ha re sa nke bohato, ho tla etsahala eng?

Re tla iphumana re le tsietsing e fetisang. Lifeme ke tsona tse holisang moruo, o ka felisang bofuma, ebile ke tsona tse ka etsang hore re be le ntlafatso ea mo-shoelella. Ha re sa ntlafatse litsela, likhokahano, bo-qapi, le thekenoloji re tla sitoa ho ntlafatsa litšebeletso tsa bophelo, litšebeletso tsa matloana, esita le ho nt-lafatsa thuto.

Re ka thusa joang?

Le ka thusa ka ho etsa melao e tla tsamaisa lifeme le lik’hamphane ka tsela e tlisang ntlafatso ea moshoe-lella. Ka ho khothaletsa tšebelisano ’moho lipakeng tsa mekhatlo e ikemetseng (NGOs) le ’muso ho tlisa ntla-fatso ea moshoelella. Le ka thusa ka ho sebelisa ma-rang-rang ho susumetsa ba etsang maano ho beha lipehelo tsa ntlafatso ea moshoelella ka sehlohong.

100 USD 5,000 USD

29% 89%

Linaheng tse saletseng morao litabeng tsa moruo

Linaha tse tsoetseng pele litabeng tsa moruo

Ho nyoloha ha moruo ka tlhahiso ea lifeme selemong sa 2015

Libaka tsa lefatše tse fumanang litšebeletso tsa likhokahano le marang-rang ka 3G selemong sa 2015

1918

Pehelo ea 9.

Ho aha lifeme, likhokahano, le litsela tse sa senyeng tikoloho ’me tse itšemat-lelang nakong ea likoluoa; le ho khothaletsa boqapi

9.1 Ho ahoe litsela le likhokahano tsa boleng bo phahameng tse ka itšematlelang nakong ea likoluoa. Litsela le likhokahano li kopa-nye naha le linaha tsa boahelani ka sepheo sa ho holisa moruo le ho theola litefiso tsa ho sebelisa litsela le likhokahano tseo

9.2 Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho khothaletsoe ho thehoa ha lifeme tse sa tliseng phetoho e kotsi ea maemo a leholimo, tse hirang batho ba bangata, tse holisang tlhahiso ea linaha tse saletseng morao litabeng tsa moruo

9.3 Ho fanoe ka litšebeletso tsa lichelete le mekitlane ho likhoebo tse nyenyane tsa linaha tse ntseng li tsoela pele. Likhoebo tseo, li kenyeletsoe ntlafatsong ea boleng ba thepa e tla rekisoa mebarakeng e meholo

9.4 Pele ho selemo sa 2030, linaha li etse hore lifeme li sebetse ka tsela e sa tliseng phetoho ea maemo a leholimo, e sa silafatseng tikoloho, ’me e sa feliseng lihloliloeng

9.5 Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho khothaletsoe liphuputso tsa mahlale, ho ntlafatsoe lithekenoloji tsa mesebetsing ea lifeme linaheng tsohle, haholo-holo tse ntseng li tsoela pele. Ho khothaletsoe boqapi le ho eketsa palo ea bafuputsi mesebetsing ea ’muso le mesebetsing ea likhoebo tse ikemetseng

9.5a

Ho fanoe ka lithuso tsa lichelete linaheng tsa Afrika, linaheng tse ntseng li tsoela pele, linaheng tse saletseng morao moruong, linaheng tse lika-likelitsoeng ke tse ling, le lihleke-hlekeng tse nyenyane tse ntseng li tsoela pele. Lithuso tseo, e be tse tla akofisa ho ahoa ha litsela, litšebeletso tsa lifono-fono, phepelo ea metsi le motlakase, le matloana a boithuso le litšebeletso tsa likhoere-khoere, joalo-joalo, ’me e be tse lokisehang ka potlako ha li otliloe ke likoluoa

9.5b Ho tšehetsoe kholiso ea theknoloji, liphuputso, le boqapi linaheng tse ntseng li tsoela pele. Ho tšehetsoe maano a thehang lifeme tse fapakaneng le a eketsang boleng ba lihlahisoa pele li rekisoa

9.5c Pele ho selemo sa 2020, ho anetsoe litšebeletso tsa likhokahano le lifono-fono, ’me ho fanoe ka litšebeletso tsa marang-rang tse theko e tlase linaheng tse saletseng morao moruong


HO THEHA LIFEME, HO KHOTHALETSA BOQAPI,HO THEHA LIKHOKAHANO LE LITSELA

2120

HO FOKOTSA HO SE LEKANE HA BATHO KAHARE HO NAHA KA ’NGOE LE

LIPAKENG TSA LINAHA


Ho se lekane ha batho ho itšetlehileng ka meputso, ka botona kapa botšehali, lilemo, bokooa, litšekame-lo litabeng tsa thobalano, maemo, mohlobo, tumelo, le menyetla; ho ntse ho tsoela pele kahara linaha ka bo-mong esita le lipakeng tsa linaha. Ho se lekane, ho khina ntšetso-pele ea moruo, ho sitisa pheliso ea bo-fuma, ho sitisa batho ho fihlela litaba-tabelo tsa bona le ho ba le boitšepo. Kaholimo ho mona, ho se lekane ho baka litlolo tsa molao, ho kula ho hongata, le tšen-yo ea tikoloho. Taba ea bohlokoahali ke hore, re ke ke ra fihlela ntlafatso ea moshoelella le ho ntlafatsa le-fatše bakeng sa batho bohle, ha feela batho ba tingoa menyetla, ba tingoa litšebeletso, ba bile ba sitisoa ho ntlafatsa maphelo a bona.

Mehlala e meng ea bosieo ba tekano ke efe? Li-million tse 69 tsa bana ba katlase ho lilemo tse hlano ba tla bolaoa ke mafu a ka thibeloang. Palo ea basali ba phelang kathoko ho literopo, ba shoang na-kong ea pelehi, e menahanya hararo palo ea basali ba literopong ba bolaoang ke pelehi. Malapa a mangata a batho ba phelang linaheng tse ntseng li tsoela pele, a fumana moputso o tlase ho feta oa lilemong tsa bo 1990. Ena ke mehlala, e seng mekae feela, e supang mathata a bosieo ba tekano a amang linaha tsohle le-fatšeng.

Hobaneng ke lokela ho tsotella litaba tsa ho se lekane haeba ’na ke sa khetholloe? Kajeno lefatšeng, batho bohle ba na le se ba kopa-nyang ’moho. Mathata le liqholotso, ebang ke tsa bofuma, phetoho ea maemo a leholimo, ho falla ha batho, likoluoa, le mathata a moruo, ha li etsahale na-heng e le ’ngoe feela. Linaha tse ruileng li ntse li e-na le mafutsana-futse. Linaha tseo eleng khale li e-na le puso ea sechaba ka sechaba, li ntse li e-na le khethollo ea ’mala, ho nyatsa batho ba etsang thobalano le ba boleng bo le bong, khethollo ea batho bao boleng ba bona bo kopantseng bosali le bonna, le khethollo ea batho ho latela litumelo tsa bona. Tlaleho ea haufin-yane ea Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Bana (UNICEF) e bontšitse khea e ntseng e eketseha lipakeng tsa bana ba mafutsana le ba bana ba barui linaheng tse ruileng. Ho se lekane ho teng lefatšeng, ho re ama kaofela ho sa natsoe hore na re bo mang kapa re tsoa kae.


Na re ka fihlela tekano ea batho bohle lefatšeng?

Ho ka etsahala, ebile ho lokela ho ba joalo e le hore batho bohle ba tle ba phele ka tsela e hlomphehang, e nang le seriti. Maano a lipolotiki, a moruo, le a litše-beletso tsa boiketlo ba sechaba, a lokela ho hlokomela litlhoko tsa karolo ea sechaba e sekisetsoang.

Lipalo-palo tsa morao li bontša hore sena se ka phethahala. Ho tloha ka selemo sa 2007 hoisa ho sa 2012, moputso oa malapa a futsanehileng – haholo linaheng tse fetang 50 tsa Latin America, Caribbean, le Asia – o ile oa hola ’me oa fokotsa ho se lekane ha meputso linaheng tseo.

Re ka etsa eng?

Le ka thusa ka ho etsa melao e tla tsamaisa lifeme le lik’hamphane ka tsela e tlisang ntlafatso ea moshoe-lella. Ka ho khothaletsa tšebelisano ’moho lipakeng tsa mekhatlo e ikemetseng (NGOs) le ’muso ho tlisa ntla-fatso ea moshoelella. Le ka thusa ka ho sebelisa ma-rang-rang ho susumetsa ba etsang maano ho beha lipehelo tsa ntlafatso ea moshoelella ka sehlohong.

Poorest 40%of households

Nationalaverage

70%

84%

2000

2014

Meputso ea lelapa ka leng, linaheng tse 56 ho tse 94, e ile ea phahama ka potlako malapeng a futsanehileng haholo

2120

Pehelo ea 10.

Ho fokotsa ho se lekane ha batho kahare ho naha ka ’ngoe le

lipakeng tsa linaha

10.1 Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho eketsoe meputso ea 40% ea batho ba fumanang meputso e katlase ho bohle

10.2 Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho kenyeletsoe batho bohle ntlafatsong ea boiketlo ba sechaba, moruong, le lipolotiking, ho sa natsoe lilemo tsa bona, botona kapa botšehali, bokooa, ’mala, morabe, tumelo, kapa maemo a moruo

10.3 Ho etsoe bonnete ba hore ho ba le tekano ea batho bohle ka ho tlosa maano, litloaelo, le melao e khethollang. Ho khothaletsoe litloaelo, maano, le melao e sa khetholleng

10.4 Ho raloe maano, haholo-holo litabeng tsa lichelete, meputso, le litsiane tsa maqheku, tsa likooa, tsa likhutsana le lihlopha tse tlokotsing ka sepheo sa ho fokotsa ho se lekane ha batho

10.5 Ho ntlafatsoe taolo, kaloso, tsamaiso ea mebaraka ea lichelete ea lefatše ’me ho phethahatsoe melao e laolang mebaraka eo

10.6 Ho etsoe bonnete ba hore linaha tse ntseng li hola li ba le boemeli le lentsoe mekhatlong ea lefatše ea moruo le lichelete, e le hore mekhatlo eo e tle e shebahale e sebeletsa linaha tsohle

10.7 Linaha li rale maano a hlakileng, a nolofatsang, a sireletsang, a laolang litaba tsa bojaki

10.7a Ho phethahatsoe Litumellano tsa Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Khoebo (WTO) tse fanang ka menyetla e khethehileng litabeng tsa khoebo ho linaha tse ntseng li tsoela pele, haholo-holo ho shejoe linaha tse morao moruong

10.7bHo khothaletsoe hore linaha tse morao moruong, linaha tsa Afrika, linaha tsa lihleke-hleke tse nyenyane, le linaha tse lika-likelit-soeng ke tse ling li fumane lithuso le batseteli ba hlahang linaheng tse tsoetseng pele moruong. Tsena li etsoe ho latela meralo ea linaha tse thusoang

10.7c Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho fokotsoe lichelete tse lefshoang ke batho ba sebetsang linaheng tse ling ha ba romella chelete lina-heng tseo ba tsoang ho tsona. Litjeo tsa ho romella chelete li theoleloe katlase ho 3%



2322

HO ETSA HORE LITEROPO LE LIBAKA TSA BOLULO LI AMOHELE BOHLE, LI BE

LE POLOKEHO, LI ITŠEMATLELE HA LI OTLOA KE LIKOLUOA, ’ME LI SE KE TSA

SENYA TIKOLOHO


Halofo ea palo ea batho bohle lefatšeng, eleng batho ba li-billion tse 3.5, ba phela literopong ’me palo ena e ntse e eketseha. Nakong e tlang, boholo ba batho le-fatšeng bo tla phela literopong. Ka lebaka leo, tharollo ea mathata a maholo a tobaneng le lichaba – a kang bofuma, litšebeletso tsa bophelo, thuto, phetoho ea maemo a leholimo – e tla lokela ho etsoa literopong.

Ke liqholotso life tse potlakileng tseo literopo li shebaneng le tsona nakong ea joale? Ho se lekane ha batho ke qholotso e kholo. Batho ba li-million tse 828 lefatšeng ba phela mek’huk’hung ’me palo ea bona e ntse e eketseha. Bongata ba mot-lakase o sebelisoang literopong le tšilafalo ea tikoloho e fumanoang moo, lia tšoenya. Literopo tsohle tsa le-fatše li ahiloe sebakeng se etsang feela 3% ea lefatše lohle empa li sebelisa motlakase o etsang 60% hoisa ho 80%. Literopo li kunkela 75% ea mosi o silafatsang sepaka-paka. Literopo tse ngata, li tsietsing e kholo ea phetoho ea maemo a leholimo le likoluoa ka lebaka la palo e ngata ea batho ba phelang ho tsona. Kahoo, ho bohlokoa ho aha literopo tse ka setlelang nakong ea likoluoa kapa tsa lokisoa ha bobebe ha li otliloe ke likoluoa.

Ke phela teropong feela lintlha tse boletsoeng ha li nkame. Hobaneng ke lokela ho tsotella? Qetellong ea qetello, mathata ana a tla ama bohle. Ho se lekane ha batho moruong bo baka mefere-fere le ho hloka botsitso ka hara linaha. Tšilafalo ea tikoloho e kulisa batho bohle ’me hoo ho ama tlhahiso ea bona mesebetsing le moruo oa naha ka kakaretso. Likoluoa li thefula mekhoa ea boipheliso ea batho bohle.

Ho tla etsahala eng ha literopo li tloheloa hore li hole ntle le meralo?

Mathata a literopo tse sa raloang a bonahala ka ho runya ha mek’huk’hu e mengata, mafito a sephethe-phethe sa makoloi mebileng, leru la mesi e thunyang meahong ’me e silafatsang sepaka-paka, le metse e pharallang ka mokhoa o hlokang taolo. Mek’huk’hu e thefula moruo oa naha ebile e fokotsa lilemo tsa batho tsa ho phela. Re ka ikhethela ho aha literopo tseo baa-hi bohle ba tla phela maphelo a ntlafetseng, moo ba tla fumana mesebetsi, moo ba tla holisa moruo, moo ba tla ba le botsitso, ’me ho se tšilafatso le tšenyo ea tikoloho

Na litjeo tsa ho tlisa liphetoho tsee li boima?

Litjeo tseo li nyenyane haholo ha li bapisoa le melemo eo u tla e una. Mohlala: litjeo tsa ho ntlafatsa litsela le lipalangoang li boima, empa melemo ea ho etsa joa-lo e mengata. Melemo eo e kenyeletsa ho thehoa ha mesebetsi ntlafatso ea maphelo a sechaba, tikoloho e hloekileng, le teropo e hokahaneng hantle ka lipal-angoang

Nka etsa eng ho fihlela pehelo ee?

E-ba le tjantjello pusong le taolong ea teropo ea heno.

Ithute lintho tse sebetsang ka katleho le tse sa seb-etseng hantle sechabeng sa heno.

Buelella le ho khothaletsa ho ba le teropo e laba-la-beloang ke uena.

E-ba le pono ea ntlo eo u lakatsang ho phela ho eona, seterata seo u lakatsang ho phela ho sona, matlo a baahisani ba hao, joale u sebeletse hore pono eo e fetohe ’nete. Ipotse hore: Na ho na le mesebetsi e lekanang batho bohle? Na u haufi le litsi tsa bophe-lo? Na bana ba hao ba ka fihla sekolong ba ntse ba bolokehile? Na u ka tsamaea u bolokehile le lelapa la hao nakong ea bosiu? Na seemelo sa makoloi a bae-ti se haufi le lelapa la hao? Na moea oa teropo ea heno o hloekile? Na ho na le majarete a boikhathollo le boithabiso ba sechaba? Ha u ntlafatsa tikoloho ea motse oa heno, bophelo ba sechaba sa heno le bona bo tla ntlafala.


2000 2014

39%

30%

Lipalo-palo tsa batho ba metseng ea literopoba phelang mek’huk’hung

Halofo ea palo ea batho ba phelang metseng ea literopo, ba tsietsing ea ho hema moea o silafetseng

2322

Pehelo ea 11.

Ho etsa hore literopo le libaka tsa bolulo li amohele bohle, li be le polokeho, li itšematlele ha li otloa ke likoluoa, ’me li se ke tsa senya tikoloho

11.1 Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho etsoe bonnete ba hore batho bohle ba na le matlo a bolulo a bolokehileng, a theko e tlase, ’me ba na le litšebeletso tsa mantlha. Ho tlosoe mek’huk’hu ho ahoe matlo a bolulo

11.2 Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho etsoe hore batho bohle ba be le litšebeletso tsa lipalangoang tsa baeti tse nang le polokeho, ho ntla-fatsoe paballo ea batho mebileng, ho eloe hloko litlhoko tsa bana, tsa basali, tsa likooa le tsa maqheku litabeng tsa lipalangoang

11.3 Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho kenyeletsoe likarolo tsohle tsa sechaba tšebetsong ea ho rala le ho laola libaka tsa bolulo literopong. Ho rala le taolo, ho etsoe ka tsela e baballang tikoloho le tlholeho

11.4 Ho sebetsoe ka matla ho sireletsa le ho boloka libaka tse khethehileng tsa tlholeho, bochaba, le nalane ea sechaba

11.5 Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho fokotsoe palo ea batho ba shoang ba bolaoa ke likoluoa, tse kenyeletsang likoluoa tsa meroallo, haholo-holo ho sireletsoe mafutsana le batho ba tlokotsing

11.6 Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho fokotsoe mathata a tikoloho literopong. Ho shejoe haholo-holo tšilafalo ea moea, le taolo ea toti, matloana, le likhoere-khoere

11.7 Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho etsoe hore literopo tsohle li be le lirapa tse talana tse khabileng ka lipalesa le lifate moo batho ba tla ithabisa le ho ikhatholla; haholo bakeng sa basali, bana, maqheku, le likooa

11.a Ho khothaletsa tšebelisano-mmoho litabeng tsa moruo, boiketlo ba sechaba, le tikoloho lipakeng tsa literopo, libaka tse haufi le literopo, esita le libaka tse kathoko ho literopo. Tsena, li etsoe ka ho matlafatsa meralo ea naha ka ’ngoe le ea linaha tsa boahelani

11.bPele ho selemo sa 2020, ho eketsoe palo ea literopo le libaka tse ling tsa bolulo tse sebelisang maano a thusang mathateng a bakoang ke phetoho ea maemo a leholimo le likoluoa ho latela Tumellano ea Machaba ea Phokotso ea Likoluoa e bitsoang (Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030)

11.c Linaha tse saletseng morao litabeng tsa moruo li tšehetsoe, ka lichelete le litsebo, hore ho ahoe matlo le meaho e sebelisang lihlahisoa tsa naha ka ’ngoe



2524

HO ETSA BONNETE BA HORE BO-JI LE TLHAHISO HA LI QETE LISEBELISUOA

TSA TLHOLEHO EBILE HA LI SILAFATSE TIKOLOHO


Lilemong tse 20 tse tlang, tebello ke hore moruo oa batho ba bangata lefatšeng o tla be o eketsehile. Phe-toho ena ea khothatsa, leha ho le joalo, e tla etsa hore ho sebelisoe lihlahisoa tse ngata tsa tlholeho. Haeba re sa fetole mokhoa oa rona oa ho ho ja le ho hlahisa, re tla iphumana re entse tšenyo e kholo tikolohong

Re lokela ho fetola mekhoa ea rona ea ho ja le ho hlahisa joang? Ho na le mekhoa e fapakaneng ea bo-ji ’me ha mekhoa eo e ka fetoha, e ka tlisa phapang e kholo sechabeng. Mohlala, selemo le selemo ho lahloa lijo tse etsang li-tone tse li-billion tse 1.3, tse jang chelete e lidolara tsa Amerika tse 1 trillion. Lijo li lahloa ka mabaka a latelang: ha li bolla malapeng a baji le mabenkeleng; ha li tsa-maisoa ho tloha sebakeng se seng ho ea ho se seng li ka bola; li bile li senyeha nakong eo li kotuloang. Taba ena, e lokela ho lokisoa ke bo-ralikhoebo le bohle ba amehang.

Baji ba sebelisa 29% ea motlakase ohle oa lefatše. Motlakase ona, o hlahisa 21% ea mosi o silfatsang le-holimo/sepaka-paka. Haeba batho bohle lefatšeng ba ka sebelisa mabone a jang motlakase o monyenyane, lefatše le ne le tla boloka chelete e li-billion tse 120 tsa lidolara tsa Amerika selemo le selemo. Tšilafatso ea metsi ke bothata bo bong bo tšoanelang ho lokisoa. Re silafatsa metsi a mangata a linoka le matša, empa ha re na mekhoa e lekaneng ea ho hloekisa metsi ao.

Likhoebo li ka thusa joang? Likhoebo li etse bonnete ba hore thepa eo li e hla-hisang le eo li e rekisang ha e senye tikoloho. Sechaba se lokela ho ba le kutloisiso e hlakileng ea litla-morao tsa lihlahisoa holima tikoloho. Ho hlahlojoe sehlahisoa ka seng, ho ithuta hore na se senya tikoloho joang, ’me sehlahisoa seo se nkeloe bohato bo potlakileng. Lik-hoebo li qape mekhoa e mecha ea ho etsa lihlahisoa tse sa silafatseng le ho senya tikoloho.

Baji ba ka thusa joang?

Ho na le mekhoa e ’meli eo batho ba ka thusang ka eona:

1. Ho fokotsa bongata ba toti e tsoang malapeng a bona;2. Ho ba hlokolosi ka seo ba se rekang mabenkeleng ka ho khetha thepa e sa senyeng tikoloho.

U ka fokotsa toti ea hao ka mekhoa e mengata e kenyeletsang e latelang: ho qoba ho lahla lijo, ho qoba ho sebelisa mekotlana ea polasitiki e tla nkuoa ke li-noka ’me e qetelle e fihlile maoatleng, moo e bakang tšilafalo ea maoatle. Batho ba sebelise mekotlana e sa lahloeng, ba sebelise libotlolo tsa polasitiki tse ka khutlisetsoang ho barekisi kamora ho sebelisoa. Ithute ka thepa pele u e reka. Hoo ho tla u thusa ho etsa liqe-to tse nepahetseng. Mohlala: lifeme tsa masela li etsa tšilafalo e kholo metsing ebile bongata ba tsona li lefa meputso e tlase. Ha u ka reka feela liphahlo tsa lifeme tse sa silafatseng tikoloho, hoo ho tla etsa hore lifeme tse ling li fetole mekhoa ea tsona ea ho hlahisa thepa.


14.5 kg

23.6 kg

183 180 155

Basel Stockholm Rotterdam

Papiso ea tlhahiso ea lithole tse kotsi tikolohong le tlholehong ka selemong sa 2010

Linaha tse ntseng li hola moruong

Linaha tse tsoetseng pele moruong

Menyetla ea basali ea ho hiroa e tlase ho feta ea banna Asia Bophirima le Afrika Leboea

2524

Pehelo ea 11.

Ho etsa hore literopo le libaka tsa bolulo li amohele bohle, li be le polokeho, li tšematlele ha li otloa ke likoluoa, ’me li se ke tsa senya tikoloho

12.1Ho kenngoe tšebetsong Tumellano ea Lilemo tse 10 tsa Bo-ji le Tlhahiso tse sa Senyeng Tikoloho (10-Year Framework of Pro-grammes on Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns). Tumellano e phethahatsoe ke linaha tsohle, li etelletsoe pele ke linaha tse tsoetseng pele. Ho eloe hloko maemo le boiphihlelo ba linaha tse ntseng li tsoela pele

12.2 Pele ho selemo sa 2030, lihloliloeng tsohle li laoloe le ho sebelisoa ka tsela eo li sa tlo fela kapa ho baka tšilafalo ea tikoloho

12.3 Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho fokotsoe tšenyeho le ho bola ha lijo mabenkeleng le malapeng. Ho fokotsoe tšenyeho ea lijo ho tloha nakong ea temo ho fihlela kamora kotulo ea tsona

12.4 Pele ho selemo sa 2020, ho fokotsoe tšilafatso ea mobu, metsi, le sepaka-paka ka ho laola lichefo le mefuta eohle ea toti ho ipapisitsoe le litumellano tsa machaba

12.5 Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho fokotsoe ho ata ha toti tikolohong. Hona ho ka etsoa ka ho fokotsa toti e hlahisoang, ho e sebelisa makhetlo a mangata, kapa ho e sila hore e etse thepa e ’ngoe e fapaneng lea pele

12.6 Ho khothaletsoe lik’hamphane, haholo tse kholo tse sebetsang linaheng tse fapakaneng, ho sebelisa mekhoa e baballang tikolo-ho le sepaka-paka

12.7 Ho ntse ho ipapisitsoe le melao ea naha ka ’ngoe, ho khothaletsoe hore mebuso ha e reka thepa, e be thepa e sa senyeng kapa ho silafatsa tikoloho

12.8 Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho etsoe bonnete ba hore batho bohle ba rua tsebo ea ho thibela tšenyo le tšilafatso ea tikoloho

12.8a Ho thusoe linaha tse ntseng li tsoela pele ho matlafatsa litsebo tsa tsona tsa mahlale le thekenoloji li tle li be le tlhahiso le bo-ji bo sa senyeng kapa ho silafatsa tikoloho

12.8b Ho thusoe linaha tse ntseng li tsoela pele ho alosa khoebo ea bohahlauli. Sepheo e le hore bohahlauli e be bo thehang mesebetsi, bo baballang tlholeho le tikoloho

12.c Ho felisoe linyehlisetso tse fuoang likh’hamphani tse fehlang motlakase ka mashala le oli, hobane lisebelisuoa tseo li silafatsa le ho senya tikoloho. Leha ho le joalo, ho eloe hloko hore pheliso ea linyehlisetso e se thefule moruo oa linaha tse ntseng li tsoelapele



2726

HO NKA MEHATO E POTLAKILENG HO THIBELA PHETOHO EA MAEMO A

LEHOLIMO LE LITLA-MORAO TSA EONA


Phetoho ea maemo a leholimo e bakoa ke batho ka liketso tsa bona, ’me litla-morao tsa phetoho eo, li beha maphelo a rona le bokamoso ba lefatše lohle tsietsing. Ha re ka rarolla bothata bona ba phetoho ea maemo a leholimo, re ka theha bokamoso bo botle bakeng sa batho bohle. Ka hoo, re lokela ho nka bohato hang-hang.

Ho tla etsahala eng haeba re sa nke bohato? Haeba ho se bohato bo nkuoang, phetoho ea maemo a leholimo e tla senya khatelo-pele le ntšetso-pele eo-hle e fihletsoeng lilemong tse fetileng. E tla mpefatsa maemo a hlobaetsang a nakong ea joale a kenyelet-sang khaello ea lijo le metsi, ’me hoo ho tla eketsa lik-hohlano le lintoa tseo re li bonang.

Ho phutha matsoho, ho tla re bakela likhathatso tse fetang ha re ka nka bohato hang-hang. Re na le monyetla oa ho nka mehato e ka thehang mesebetsi e mengata, ea tlisa nala, ea ntlafatsa maphelo a bohle, eaba ea fokotsa mesi e silafatsang sepaka-paka le ho baka mocheso o fetang tekano.

Na re ka rarolla bothata boo, kapa re siiloe ke nako? Re ka nka mehato, empa re tla lokela ho sebetsa ka sefutho se seholo. Lefatše le lokela ho etsa liphetoho litabeng tsa motlakase, lifeme, lipalangoang, lijo, temo, le meru. Liphetoho li etsoe ka sepheo sa ho theola mo-cheso o ntseng o eketseha oa lefatše. Re lokela ho ba malala-a-laotsoe hore ha re otloa ke liphetoho tsa maemo a leholimo, re tsebe ho setlela.

Ka khoeli ea Tšitoe selemong sa 2015, lefatše le ile la nka bohato ba bohlokoa ka ho tekenela Tumellano ea Paris (Paris Agreement). Ka Tumellano eo, linaha li ile tsa itlama ho nka mehato ea ho thibela phetoho ea maemo a leholimo. Likhoebo tse ngata le batseteli ba entse boitlamo ho latela Tumellano e bitsoang Climate Action Agenda. Boitlamo ke ba hore mebuso, likhoebo, le mekhatlo ea sechaba, ba sebetse ’moho ho thibela phetoho ea maemo a leholimo.

Ho tla hlokoa chelete ekae ho rarolla bothata boo?

Pele ho selemo sa 2030, lefatše ka kakaretso le tla hlo-ka 1 trillion ea lidolara tsa Amerika ka selemo ho fehla motlakase o sa silafatseng tikoloho le sepaka-paka. Re bile re hloka chelete e fetang eo ho ikatela khahlanong le likoluoa.

Ha re ka nka bohato hona joale, re tla pholosa maphe-lo a mangata, re boloke chelete, re qobe ho lahleheloa ke tema eo re seng re e khathile.

Nka etsa eng ho thusa hore pehelo ee e fihleloe?

Lintho li ngata tseo e mong le e mong oa rona a ka li etsang. Ho fumana seo u ka se etsang, sheba website ena: http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/takeac-tion/

TAOLO EA PHET OHO EA MAEMO A LEHOLIMO

-7.3 millionhectares

1990-2000 2010-2015


-8

-4

0

Lipalo-palo tsa selemo le selemo, tsa tahlehelo le ho fela ha meru lefatšeng ka bophara

Lefatšeng lohle, Liphoofolo le limela tse fetang 23,000 li kotsing ea ho nyamela le ho fela tu!

2726

Pehelo ea 13.

Ho nka mehato e potlakileng ho thibela phetoho ea maemo a leholimo le

litla-morao tsa eona

13.1 Ho matlafatsoe mekhoa ea hore linaha tsohle li tsebe ho setlela le ho tsoha kamora ho otloa ke likoluoa tse tlisoang ke phetoho ea maemo a leholimo

13.2 Ho kenyeletsoe litaba tsa phetoho ea maemo a leholimo maanong le meralong ea linaha

13.3 Ho ntlafatsoe thuto ’me ho etsoe matšolo a hlokomelisang sechaba ka phethoho ea maemo a leholimo. Ho koetlisoe batho, me-khatlo, le likhoebo ka mekhoa ea ho fokotsa tšenyo le tšilafatso tsa tikoloho tse bakang phetoho ea maemo a leholimo

13.a

Ho phethahatsoe boitlamo ba linaha tse tsoetseng pele, bo entsoeng ho latela Tumellano ea Mokhatlo oa Machaba e holima Phetoho ea Maemo a Leholimo (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change). Linaha tseo li itlamme ho fana ka chelete e li-billion tse 100 tsa lidolara tsa Amerika selemo le selemo ho fihlela selemo sa 2020. Lichelete tseo li tla thusa linaha tse ntseng li tsoela pele ho thibela phetoho ea maemo a leholimo

13.b

Ho thusoe linaha hore li be le boiphihlelo litabeng tsa ho etsa meralo le ho laola thibelo ea phetoho ea maemo a leholimo. Ho thusoe linaha tse saletseng morao moruong le linaha tsa lihleke-hleke tse nyenyane, ho shebiloe haholo basali, bacha, le lihlopha tse sekisetsoang Ho khothaletsoe lik’hamphane, haholo tse kholo tse sebetsang linaheng tse fapakaneng, ho sebelisa mekhoa e baballang tikoloho le sepaka-paka

Ho ntse ho ipapisitsoe le melao ea naha ka ’ngoe, ho khothaletsoe hore mebuso ha e reka thepa, e be thepa e sa senyeng kapa ho silafatsa tikoloho

Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho etsoe bonnete ba hore batho bohle ba rua tsebo ea ho thibela tšenyo le tšilafatso ea tikoloho

Ho thusoe linaha tse ntseng li tsoela pele ho matlafatsa litsebo tsa tsona tsa mahlale le thekenoloji li tle li be le tlhahiso le bo-ji bo sa senyeng kapa ho silafatsa tikoloho

Ho thusoe linaha tse ntseng li tsoela pele ho alosa khoebo ea bohahlauli. Sepheo e le hore bohahlauli e be bo thehang mesebetsi, bo baballang tlholeho le tikoloho

Ho felisoe linyehlisetso tse fuoang likh’hamphani tse fehlang motlakase ka mashala le oli, hobane lisebelisuoa tseo li silafatsa le ho senya tikoloho. Leha ho le joalo, ho eloe hloko hore pheliso ea linyehlisetso e se thefule moruo oa linaha tse ntseng li tsoelapele


TAOLO EA PHETOHO EA MAEMO A LEHOLIMO

2928

HO BABALLA LE HO SEBELISA LIHLOLILOENG TSA MAOATLE KA TSELA E SA

LI SENYENG KAPA HO LI FELISA

Hobaneng ho le bohlokoa?

Maoatle a na le lihloliloeng tse sebelisoang ke batho e le lijo, litlhare, libeso, esita le mabakeng a mang a mangata. Ho baballa maoatle ho fokotsa phethoho ea maemo a leholimo. Maoatle a sebelisoa e le sebaka sa bohahlauli le boithabiso. Likarolo tsa maoatle, tse sirelelitsoeng ka molao, li thusa ho fokotsa bofuma ka ha batšoasi ba fumana chelete ebile tlhapi ke sejo se matlafatsang ’mele. Botšoasi ba litlhapi bo thusa hape ho khothaletsa tekano ea ba batona le ba batšehali; hobane basali ba bangata ba sebetsa likhoebong tse nyenyane tsa litlhapi. Maoatle a na le mefuta e metle e fapakaneng ea limela, litlhapi tsa mefuta-futa, liphoo-folo tse nyenyane tse fapakaneng, esita le liphoofolo tse kholo ho feta tsohle tse phelang lefatšeng.

Ho utloahala maoatle e le libaka tsa bohlokoahali tse lokelang ho sireletsoa. Joale, bothata ke bofe? Toti, e ntseng e eketseha maoatleng, e senya tikoloho le ho thefula moruo. Liphoofolo tse phelang maoatle-ng, li bolaoa ke ho tšoaseletsoa toting eo, ho ja le ho bolaoa ke lichefo tsa toti eo; lichefo tseo li bile li etsa hore liphoofolo li nyope. Karolo ea libaka tse khethe-hileng tsa maoatle (coral reefs) – moo ho fumanoang limela le liphoofolo tsa mefuta-futa – e senyehile ka lebaka la mahoholi a toti e tsoang metseng. Batšoa-si ba litlhapi ba tšoasa litlhapi tse ngata hoo palo ea tsona e fokotsehileng haholo maoatleng. Phokotseho ena, e tlisa tahleholo ea khoebo ea litlhapi e hakanyet-soang ho li-billion tse 50 tsa lidolara tsa Amerika ka selemo. Haeba ho sa nkuoe likhato tse lokelang, phe-toho ea maemo a leholimo eona e tla eketsa tšenyo eo ka li-billion tse 322 tsa lidolara tsa Amerika ka selemo.

Ho tla re ja chelete ekae ho lokisa maemo aa? Ho latela Tumellano ea Lefatše ea Tšireletso ea Lime-la le Liphoofolo (Convention on Biological Diversity), ho hlokoa hore hang-hang ho sebelisoe chelete e li-billon tse 32 tsa lidolara tsa Amerika. Kamorao ho moo, ho sebelisoe li-billion tse 21 tsa lidolara tsa Amerika sele-mo le selemo ho sireletsa lihloliloeng tsa maoatle.

Joale re lokela ho etsa eng?

Tšireletso ea maoatle le lihloeliloeng tsa oona e ka fi-hleloa feela ka tšebelisano ’moho ea machaba. Ho lokela ho raloe mekhoa e hloahloa ea ho laola le ho sireletsa maoatle. Ho laoloe mosebetsi oa ho tšoasa litlhapi e le hore meloko e tlang e ’ne e tsebe ho iphilisa ka litlhapi. Ha re reka lihlahisoa tsa maoatle, re reke feela tse nang le mangolo a pakang hore li hlahisit-

soe ka ho baballa maoatle. Re qobe ho etsa lintho tse bakang phetoho ea maemo a leholimo e eketsang ho phahama ha metsi a leoatle; re qobe tšebeliso ea lip-olasetiki tse ka silafatsang maoatle, ’me re jale mela-etsa e supang bohlokoa ba lihloliloeng tsa maoatle le bohlokoa ba ho li sireletsa.

TLE

PABALLO EA MAOALE LIHLOLILOENG TSA OONA

M0

10

20

2000 2016

15%

19%

1974 90%

2013 69%

Keketseho ea tšireletso ea likarolo tse khethehileng tsa maoatle, moo ho fumanoang limela le liphoofolo tsa mefuta-futa

Palo ea litlhapi e theohile ho tloha ho 90% ka selemo sa 1974 ho ea ho 69% ka selemo sa 2013

2928

Pehelo ea 14.

Ho baballa le ho sebelisa lihloliloeng tsa maoatle ka tsela e sa li

senyeng kapa ho li felisa

14.1 Pele ho selemo sa 2025, ho thibeloe le ho fokotsa mefuta e fapakaneng ea tšilafatso ea maoatle haholo-holo e tlisoang ke ma-hoholi a toti le li-fertiliser tse tsoang masimong

14.2 Pele ho selemo sa 2020, ho laoloe tsamaiso ea lihloliloeng tsa maoatle le mabopo a maoatle e le hore maoatle a be le tlhahiso e ntle

14.3 Ho fokotsoe matsoai a senyang metsi a maoatle. Sena se etsoe ka tšebelisano ’moho litabeng tsa mahlale

14.4 Pele ho selemo sa 2020, ho thibeloe botšoasi bo felisang litlhapi. Ho sebelisoe litsebo tsa mahlale ho busetsa palo ea litlhapi tse maoatleng setloaeling

14.5 Pele ho selemo sa 2020, ho sireletsoe le ho baballa sebaka se etsang 10% ea maoatle le mabopo a leoatle. Sena, se etsoe ho latela melao ea linaha ka bonngoe le melao ea machaba

14.6 Pele ho selemo sa 2020, ho thibeloe botšoasi bo felisang litlhapi. Leha ho le joalo, linaha tse ntseng li tsoela pele le tse saletseng morao litabeng tsa moruo, li fuoe menyetla e khethehileng ke Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Khoebo (World Trade Organization)

14.7 Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho eketsoe melemo ea moruo e fumanoang ke linaha tsa lihleke-hleke tse nyenyane le linaha tse sa-letseng morao litabeng tsa moruo, ka boiteko ba tsona ba ho baballa lihloliloeng tsa maoatle

14.7aLinaha tsa lihleke-hleke tse nyenyane le linaha tse saletseng morao litabeng tsa moruo li ekeletsoe tsebo ea mahlale hore li tsebe ho sireletsa lihloliloeng tsa maoatle. Tsena tsohle, li etsoe ho ipapisitsoe le Tumellano ea Machaba ea Phetisetso ea Tsebo ea tsa Maoatle (Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Criteria and Guidelines on the Transfer of Marine Technology)

14.7b Ho thusoe likhoebo tse nyenyane tsa batšoasi ho fumana limmaraka moo ba tla rekisa litlhapi

14.7c Ho khothaletsoe paballo le tšireletso ea lihloliloeng tsa maoatle le tšebeliso ea tsona ka mokhoa o sa li feliseng. Tsena li etsoe ho latela Tumellano ea Molao oa Machaba oa Maoatle (United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea)


PABALLO EA MAOALE LIHLOLILOENG TSA OONA

3130

HO SIRELETSA, HO NCHAFATSA, LE HO KHOTHALETSA TŠEBELISO EA

LIHLOLILOENG TSA NAHA KA TSELA E LI BABALLANG; HO BE LE TAOLO EA

MERU, THIBELO EA BOHOATATA, LE THIBELO EA TŠENYEHO EA BOLENG BA

MOBU


Meru e aparetse 31% ea lefatše lohle. Meru e re fa moea oo re o hemang, metsi ao re a noang, le lijo tseo re li jang. Batho ba li-billion tse 1.6 lefatšeng, ba phelisoa ke meru. Palo e atametsang ho 75% ea mafutsana a lefatšeng lohle, ba futsanehile ka lebaka la ho senyeha ha mobu oa temo le lekhulo. Na u tseba hore 80% ea liphoofolo tsohle tse lefatšeng, limela, le likokonyana li phela merung? Meru le tlholeho, li bohlokoa boithabi-song ba batho le bophelong bo botle ba likelello tsa bona. Lichaba tse ngata, li na le libaka tsa tlholeho tseo eleng tsa bohlokoa tumelong le meetlong ea tsona.

Ho tla ja chelete ekae ho lokisa bothata boo? Bongoli ba Machaba a Kopaneng Litabeng tsa Meru (the UN Forum on Forests Secretariat) bo hakanya hore tsamaiso e nepahetseng ea meru lefatšeng e tla ja li-billion tse 70 hoisa ho 160 tsa lidolara tsa Amer-ika ka selemo. Tumellano ea Machaba ea Boieane ba Tlholeho (The Convention on Biological Diversity) e hakanya hore ho tla ja li-billion tse 150 hoisa ho 440 tsa lidolara tsa Amerika ka selemo, ho thibela tahle-helo ea boieane ba tlholeho linaheng tsohle pele ho selemo sa 2050.

Re tla ba le tšenyehelo ekae ha re sa lokise bothata boo? Tlholeho e fana ka melemo e mengata linaheng ka bonngoe le lefatšeng ka kakaretso. Mohlala, likokonya-na tse ngata tse thusang ho etsa hore lijalo li behe li etsa tlatsetso e fetang li-billion tse 200 tsa lidolara tsa Amerika ka selemo tlhahisong ea lijo tsa lefatše. Karolo e etsang ¾ ea meriana le lipilisi li entsoe ka metsoako e tsoang limeleng. Likoluoa tse tlisoang ke tšenyo ea ti-koloho le tse tlisoang ke phetoho ea maemo a leholimo ka lebaka la tšilafatso e etsoang ke batho, li ja chelete e fetang li-billion tse 300 tsa lidolara tsa Amerika ka selemo. Ho rema meru le ho e senya, ho felisa seba-ka seo liphoofolo li phelang ho sona, ho felisa metsi a nooang, ho baka khoholeho ea mobu, tšenyeho ea bo-leng ba mobu, le ho eketsa mesi e silafatsang moea le sepaka-paka. Ka bokhutšoanyane, tšenyo ea meru e tla thefula bophelo ba lefatše lohle le lichaba tsa habo rona.

Re ka etsa eng?

Re rata kapa re sa rate, boteng ba rona sebakeng se itseng bo tla ama tlholeho – empa re ka ikhethela ho etsa feela lintho tse tla sireletsa tlholeho. Tse ling tsa lintho tseo re ka li etsang, ke hore toti e bokelloe ’me e

khutlisetsoe lifemeng ho ea etsa thepa e ’ngoe e ncha, re je feela lijo tse hlahisoang ka tsela e sa senyang tl-holeho kahare ho naha ea rona, le lisebelisuoa tsa motlakase e be feela tse jang motlakase o monyenya-ne. Re lokela ho hlompha limela le liphoofolo tse hlaha ’me re kenye letsoho feela bohahlauling bo sa senyeng tlholeho. Libaka tse sirelelitsoeng, ’me tse laoloang hantle, ha li senye tlholeho empa li ntlafatsa maphelo a sechaba. Ka lebaka leo, ho bohlokoa ho kenyeletsa sechaba ha ho thehoa libaka tsa tšireletso ea limela le liphoofolo tse hlaha le ho fa sechaba kabelo tsamai-song le taolong ea libaka tseo. .

PABALLO EA TI KOLOHO LE LIHLOLILOENG TSANAHA


1990-2000 2010-2015


-8

-4

0

Lipalo-palo tsa selemo le selemo, tsa tahlehelo le ho fela ha meru lefatšeng ka bophara

Lefatšeng lohle, Liphoofolo le limela tse fetang 23,000 li kotsing ea ho nyamela le ho fela tu!

3130

Pehelo ea 15.

Ho sireletsa, ho nchafatsa, le ho khothaletsa tšebeliso ea

lihloliloeng tsa naha ka tsela e li baballang; ho be le taolo ea meru, thibelo ea bohoatata, le thibelo ea tšenyeho ea boleng ba mobu

15.1 Pele ho selemo sa 2020, ho etsoe bonnete ba ho baballa le ho nchafatsa libaka tse nang le tlholeho e khethehileng. Haholo-holo ho shejoe meru, mekhoabo, le lithaba, ho ipapisitsoe le litumellano tsa machaba

15.2 Pele ho selemo sa 2020, ho khothaletsoe tsamaiso le taolo ea meru ka tsela e baballang tlholeho, ho felisoe ho rema meru, ho lengoe lifate ho nchafatsa meru ea khale, le ho lema meru e mecha lefatšeng ka bophara

15.3 Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho loantšoe bohoatata, ho lokisoe masimo le mebu e lahlehetsoeng ke boleng ba eona, ho kenyeletsa le masimo a sentsoeng ke bohoatata, komello, kapa meroallo

15.4 Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho bolokoe le ho sireletsa lithaba tse nang le tlholeho e khethehileng, ho kenyeletsa le limela le liphoofolo tse phelang moo. Tsena tsohle li etsoe ka sepheo sa ho ntlafatsa moruo

15.5 Ho nkuoe bohato bo potlakileng ho fokotsa tšenyeho ea tlholeho le ho timela ruri ha limela le liphoofolo tse tsietsing ea ho timela ruri

15.6 Ho nolofatsoe mekhoa ea hore linaha tsohle li fihlele litsi tsa mahlale tsa ho ntlafatsa lipeo le liphoofolo.Tsena li etsoe ho latela litumellano tsa machaba

15.7 Ho nkuoe bohato bo potlakileng ho felisa khoebo, eseng molaong, ea limela le liphoofolo tse sirelelitsoeng

15.8 Pele ho selemo sa 2020, ho etsoe melao e thibelang lihlahlane tsa limela tse kenang kahara linaha kapa maoatleng moo li ikati-sang le ho etsa tšenyo tikolohong le tlholehong; ho qaloe pele ka lihlahlane tse bakang tšenyo e kholo

15.9 Pele ho selemo sa 2020, ha ho etsoa meralo ea ntlafatso ea libaka, ea ntlafatso ea naha, le ea pheliso ea bofuma, ho kenyelet-soe paballo le tšireletso ea tikoloho le tlholeho

15.a Ho etsoe matšolo a ho bokella lichelete ho thusa ho baballa, ho sireletsa, le ho sebelisa lihloliloeng ka tsela e sa li feliseng

15.b Ho etsoe matšolo a ho bokella lichelete tse tla jara litšebeletso tsa ho laola, ho baballa, ho sireletsa, le ho lema meru linaheng tse ntseng li tsoela pele

15.c Ho fumanoe botšehetsi ba linaha tsa lefatše toantšong ea ho tsoma, ho bolaea, ho hoeba, ho utsoa liphoofolo le limela tse sire-lelitsoeng; ’me ho thusoe baahi ba linaha tse nang le limela le liphoofolo tseo, ho fumana mekhoa ea moshoelella ea boipheliso


PABALLO EA TI KOLOHO LE LIHLOLILOENG TSANAHA

3332

KHOTSO, TOKA LE MAFAPHA A MATLA A LITŠEBELETSO HO KHOTHALETSA

SECHABA SOHLE HO PHELISANA KA KHOTSO, HO SE KHETHOLLANE, HO ABELA

BOHLE TOKA, LE HORE MAFAPHA OHLE A FANANG KA LITŠEBELETSO A

PHETHAHATSE MESEBETSI EA ONA ’ME A IKARABELLE HO SECHABA


Hore batho ba tle ba fihlele Lipehelo tsa Ntlafatso ea Moshoelella, linaha li lokela ho ba le khotso, toka, tekano, le ho se khetholle batho. Batho ba lokela ho ikutloa ba phutholohile ba sa tšoha hore ba tla hleke-fetsoa kapa ba khakhathoe. Ba lokela ho ikutloa ba phutholohile metseng ea bona ho sa natsoe morabe, tumelo, kapa litšekamelo litabeng tsa thobalano, le bana ba ikutloe ba bolokehile ha ba ea likolong. Hore re tle re atlehe ho fihlela Lipehelo tse 17 tsa Nt-lafatso ea Moshoelella, re lokela ho ba le mafapha a ’muso a nang le boiphihlelo le litsebo tsa ho fana ka litšebeletso tsa boleng bo phahameng litabeng tsa thuto le bophelo, maano a moruo, le tšireletso ea ti-koloho

Re lokela ho etsa eng ho rarolla mathata aa?

Hore re fihlele khotso, toka, le tekano, ho bohlokoa hore mebuso, mekhatlo ea litokelo tsa sechaba, le batho ba metse, re sebetseng ’moho ho fumana litharollo tsa moshoelella. Litharollo tseo e be tse tla felisa tlheke-fetso le litoantšano, tse tla abela bohle toka, tse tla lo-antša bobolu, tse tla sebeletsa hore batho bohle ba be le kabelo ntlafatsong. Batho bohle ba be le bolokolohi ba ho hlahisa maikut-lo a bona. Ba be le monyetla oa ho kenya letsoho ha ho etsoa liqeto tse amang maphelo a bona. Maano le melao, li etsoe ka tsela e hlokang khethollo ’me mak-hotla a abe toka ka tšoanelo. Ho be le litšebeletso tsa sechaba boemong ba metse le ba naha, tse fumanoang ke batho bohle, ntle le tjot-jo. Ho be le boiphihlelo ba ho phethahatsa Lipehelo tsa Ntlafatso ea Moshoelella.

Pehelo ee, e nkama joang moo ke phelang teng? Litlolo tsa molao tse lukang khotso ea sechaba tse kenyeletsang: lipolaeano, khoebisano ka bana, ma-quloana a litloli tsa molao, litlolo tsa melao ea liche-lete le thekisetsano ea libetsa, le melao e khethollang, li fumanoa linaheng tse ngata tsa lefatše. Linaha tse tummeng ka puso ea sechaba ka sechaba lefatšeng, li tobane le mathata a bobolu, litlolo tsa molao, le mathata a ho sireletsa litokelo tsa batho. Mafu a tšoaetsanang ha a natse meeli ea linaha. Ho qhoma ha lefu la Ebola linaheng tsa Afrika e Bophiri-ma, ho bontšitse ka kotloloho hore ha naha e haelloa ke litšebeletso tse matla tsa bophelo le puso, lefu leo le ka namela linaheng tsohle tsa lefatše ’me la beha maphelo a bohle tsietsing.


34%

13%

2004 2011Palo ea bana ba fetohileng liphofu tsa khoebisano ka batho, e ntse e nyoloha

Linaheng tse futsanehileng, halofo ea palo ea bana ba katlase ho lilemo tse hlano, ha ba na mangolo a ngoliso ea tlhaho

Ho tla etsahalang haeba re sa nke bohato hona joale?

Ntoa le tlhokahalo ea botsitso kahare ho naha li khina tsoelopele le kholo ea moruo oa naha le ho etsa sech-aba se nang le makukuno.

Tlhekefetso le ho khakhathoa ha batho li ama secha-ba sohle. Tlhekefetso ea bana e ama bophelo, kholo, le katleho ea bona. Tlhekefetso ebile e thefulela moseb-etsi oa bona oa sekolo tlase. Tlhokahalo ea toka e bolela hore likhohlano ha li rarol-loe, batho ha ba na tšireletso, ebile ha ho moo ba ka ipelaetsang. Mafapha a ’muso a sa ikobeleng molao a hatella sechaba ebile a sitoa ho fana ka litšebeletso ho sechaba sohle. Khethollo ea batho e khahlanong le litokelo tsa mantl-ha tsa botho ’me e baka lehloeo le ka tlisang likhohlano le ntoa.

Re ka etsa eng?

Bontša thahasello ho se etsoang ke ’muso oa heno, hlokomelisa sechaba sa heno ka tlhekefetso le ho kha-khathoa ha batho ’me u se hlokomelise bohlokoa ba khotso le toka ho bohle. Fumana mekhoa ea hore na u ka phethahatsa Lipehelo tsa Ntlafatso ea Moshoelella joang bophelong le mosebetsing oa hao oa letsatsi le letsatsi. Sebelisa tokelo ea hao ea ho alosa le ho botsa bakhethoa ba ’muso hore na ba ntse ba phethahatsa litšepiso tseo ba li etselitseng sechaba. Sebelisa tokelo ea hao ea ho fumana litaba, hlahisa maikutlo a hao likoranteng, ’me u ngolle bakhethoa ho botsa ka litaba tse amang sechaba. Khothaletsa ho felisoa ha khethollo ea batho e itšetle-hileng ka: morabe, tumelo, botšehali kapa botona, litšekamelo litabeng tsa thobalano, kapa ho se tšoane ka maikutlo. Ha re sebetsa ’moho, re ka tseba ho nt-lafatsa maphelo a sechaba ka hore bohle ba hlom-phuoe, ho felisoe khethollo, ho khothaletsoe tekano ea batho, ho khothaletsoe khotso sechabeng, le ho fuma-na mekhoa e mecha ea ho ntlafatsa le ho ntšetsa pele sechaba.

3332

Pehelo ea 16.

Ho khothaletsa sechaba sohle ho phelisana ka khotso, ho se khethollane,

ho abela bohle toka, le hore mafapha ohle a fanang ka litšebeletso a

phethahatse mesebetsi ea ona ’me a ikarabelle ho sechaba, e le hore

ho tle ho fihleloe lipehelo tsa ntlafatso

16.1 Ho fokotsoe mefuta eohle ea ho khakhatha le ho bolaea batho

16.2 Ho felisoe tlhekefetso, bohanyapetsi, khoebisano ka batho, le mefuta eohle ea ho khakhatha le ho hlokofatsoa ha bana

16.3 Ho khothaletsoe puso ea molao kahare ho naha ka ’ngoe le linaheng tse ling e le hore bohle ba abeloe toka

16.4Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho fokotsoe ho tsamaisa le ho amohela lichelete ka thoko ho molao, ho felisoe thekisetsano ea libetsa tse ka thoko ho molao, ho matlafatsoe mekhoa ea ho khutlisa thepa le lichelete tsa sechaba tse utsoitsoeng ’me li tsetetsoe lina-heng tse ling, ho loantšoe le mefuta eohle ea litlolo tsa molao – tse etsoang ke lihlopha tsa litloli tsa molao

16.5 Ho fokotsoe bobolu le tjotjo ka mefuta eohle ea tsona

16.6 Ho thehoe mafapha a matla a litšebeletso, a nang le ponaletso methating eohle ea phano ea litšebetso

16.7 Ho etsoe bonnete ba hore mafapha ohle, a etsang melao le liqeto, a kenyeletsa bohle, ntle le khethollo, tšebetsong ea ona

16.8 Ho kenyeletsoe linaha, tse ntseng li tsoela pele, mekhatlong e fapakaneng e tsamaisang litaba tsa machaba

16.9 Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho be le ngoliso ea tlhaho ea batho bohle ’me batho bohle ba be le tokomane ea molao ea boitsebiso

16.10 Ho etsoe bonnete ba hore batho bohle ba fumana litaba ’me ho sireletsoe bolokolohi ba mantla ba batho bohle – ho latela melao ea naha le litumellano tsa machaba

16.a Ka tšebelisano ’moho le machaba a lefatše, ho matlafatsoe mafapha ohle, haholo-holo a linaha tse ntseng li tsoela pele, ho thibela tlhekefetso, bokhukhuni, le litlolo tsohle tsa molao

16.b Ho khothaletsoe le ho kenya tšebetsong maano le melao e tlisang ntlafatso ea moshoelella ’me maano le melao eo li se ke tsa khetholla batho

LITEROPO TSE SA SENYENG TIKOLOHO KHOTSO, TOKA LE MAFAPHA A MA TLA A LITŠEBELETSO

3534

HO MATLAFATSA TŠEBELISANO ’MOHO LIPAKENG TSA MACHABA KA SEPHEO

SA HO PHETHAHATSA LIPEHELO TSA NTLAFATSO EA MOSHOELELLA


Ka selemo sa 2015, baetapele ba lefatše ba ile ba itla-ma ka Tumellano ea Lipehelo tsa Ntlafatso ea Moshoe-lella (the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development). Sepheo sa tumellano ke ho felisa bofuma, ho loantša ho se lekane ha batho, le ho thibela phetoho ea mae-mo a leholimo. Bohle re lokela ho tšoarana ka matsoho – re le mebuso, mekhatlo ea sechaba, bo-ramahlale, matichere a litsi tsa thuto e phahameng, le bahoebi – ho fihlela lipehelo tsa ntlafatso ea moshoelella.

Hobaneng ho le bohlokoa ho ’na?

Kaofela ha rona rea ameha. Lethathamo lena, le lipe-helo tse 17 tsa Ntlafatso ea Moshoelella, ke la lefatše lohle ’me le hloka hore linaha tsohle, tse ntseng li tsoela pele le tse tsoetseng pele moruong, li sebetse ’moho ho fihlela lipehelo tseo ho se naha e salletseng morao.

Ha re sebelisana ’moho, re tla hloka eng ho fihlela lipehelo? Re tla lokela ho bokella lithuso tse ling tse kenyelet-sang thekenoloji, lichelete, le lithupelo ’me linaha tse tsoetseng pele moruong li tla lokela ho phethahatsa boitlamo ba tsona ba ho thusa linaha tse ntseng li tsoela pele.

Re tla etsa joang ho bona hore lithuso tse fanoeng li sebelisoa ka nepo le ho li sala morao?

Hona ke boikarabelo ba mantlha ba linaha. Tlhahlobo ea hore na khatelo-pele e teng, e tla lokela ho etsoa khafetsa naheng ka ’ngoe ’me e tla etsoa ke mekhat-lo ea sechaba, bahoebi, le baemeli ba mekhatlo-e-chang-e-tšola. Linaha tsa tikoloho ka ’ngoe li tla kopa-na ho shebisana khatelo-pele ea naha ka ’ngoe. Hang ka selemo, ho tla ba le kopano ntlo-kholo ea Mokhatlo oa Machaba a Kopaneng ea Phutheho ea Boemeli bo Phahameng ea Lipehelo tsa Ntlafatso ea Moshoelel-la (the High-Level Political Forum on Sustainable De-velopment). Phutheho e tla hlahloba se fihletsoeng lefatšeng ka kakaretso, ho bona moo likheo le khaello li le teng, le ho etsa likhothaletso tse lokisang liphoso moo li fumanoeng.

Re ka etsa eng ho thusa? U kene kapa u thehe sehlopha sa motse oa heno se tla sebeletsa le ho khothaletsa hore ho phethahatsoe Lipehelo tsa Ntlafatso ea Moshoelella. Khothaletsa ’muso oa heno ho sebelisana ’moho le ba-hoebi ho phethahatsa Lipehelo tsa Ntlafatso ea Mo-



TŠEBELISANO-MMOHO HO FIHLELA LIPEHELO TSA MOSHOELELLA

2015

6.9%

CENSUS

Lithuso tsa bafani li nyolohile ka 6.9 % ho tloha ka selemo sa2014. Ka selemo sa 2015 lithuso e ne ele libillione tse 131.6 tsa lidolara tsa Amerika

Lipakeng tsa lilemo tsa 2006 le 2015, 90% ea linaha tsohle tsa lefatše, li ile tsa ba le palo ea sechaba

shoelella. Ngolisa le ho tlaleha seo u ntseng u se etsa ma-rang-rang a Lipehelo tsa Ntlafatso ea Moshoelella moo u tla kopana le ho khothatsoa ke ba bang. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/partner-ships.

3534

Pehelo ea 17.

Ho matlafatsa tšebelisano ’moho lipakeng tsa machaba ka sepheo

sa ho phethahatsa lipehelo tsa ntlafatso ea moshoelella

17.1 Ho matlafatsoe mekhoa ea ho bokella lichelete kahare ho naha le ho fumana tšehetso ea machaba ka lichelete le lithuso tse ling. Ho ntlafatsoe mekhoa ea ho bokella likhafa le makhetho a mang kahare ho naha

17.2Ho etsoe hore linaha tse tsoetseng pele moruong, li phethahatse boitlamo ba tsona ba ho fana ka lithuso tse etsang 0.7% ea leruo la tsona, ho ntlafatsa linaha tse ntseng li tsoela pele. Boitlamo bo re 0.15% hoisa ho 0.20% ea leruo leo, eona e tla ntlafatsa linaha tse saletsetseng morao litabeng tsa moruo

17.3 Ho bokelloe lichelete tse ling hape bakeng sa linaha tse ntseng li tsoela pele ho hlaha mehloling e fapakaneng

17.4Ho thusoe linaha tse ntseng li tsoela pele ho kopa mekitlane, ho lefa mekoloto ea tsona, ho etsa litumellano tse ncha tsa ho lefa mekoloto e boima, le ho kopa tšoareloa ea mekoloto eo li sitoang ho e lefa. Ho fumanoe mekhoa ea ho thusa linaha tse futsane-hileng, ’me tse keneng kahara mekoloto e boima, ho fokotsa mekoloto eo

17.5 Ho raloe le ho kenya tšebetsong maano a khothaletsang le ho hohela batseteli ho tla tsetela linaheng tse ntseng li tsoela pele

17.6 Ho matlafatsoe tšebelisano ’moho lipakeng tsa linaha tse hlahang liqoleng tse fapakaneng tsa lefatše litabeng tsa thekenoloji, mahlale, le boqapi. Hape ho sebelisoe menyetla ea tšebelisano’moho e fanoang ke Mokhatlo oa Machaba a Kopaneng

17.7 Ho khothaletsoe tšebeliso ea li-thekenoloji tse sireletsang tikoloho linaheng tse ntseng li tsoela pele ’me sena se etsoe ka mokhoa o nang le linyehlisetso

17.8 Pele ho selemo sa 2017, ho thehoe “Banka ea Thekenoloji” ea Mokhatlo oa Machaba a Kopaneng ho fetisetsa litsebo tsa thek-enoloji linaheng tse ntseng li tsoela pele. Haholo-holo ho shejoe thekenoloji ea lifono, liea-le-moea, marang-rang, joalo-joalo

17.9 Ho eketsoe lithuso tse eang linaheng tse ntseng li tsoela pele ho matlafatsa meralo ea tsona ea ho phethahatsa Lipehelo tsa Ntlafatso ea Moshoelella ’me lithuso tseo, li hlahe linaheng tsohle tsa lefatše tse nang le bokhoni

17.10Ho khothaletsoe melao ea khoebo, e sa khetholleng linaha, ’me e tlasa tsamaiso ea Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Khoebo (World Trade Organization), ho kenyeletsoa le litumellano tse tla fihleloa lipuisananong tsa ho nolofatsa khoebo lipakeng tsa linaha tsa lefatše (Doha Development Agenda)

17.11 Ho nyolloe bongata ba lihlahisoa, tsa linaha tse ntseng li tsoela pele, tse rekisoang kantle ho naha ka ’ngoe. Haholo-holo ho se-beletsoe hore pele ho selemo sa 2020, lihlahisoa tseo li be li menahane habeli

17.12Ho sebeletsoe ho kenya tšebetsong litumellano tsa khoebisano, tsa Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Khoebo, tse fanang ka monyetla oa hore lihlahisoa tsa linaha tse saletseng morao moruong li rekisoe limmarakeng tsa lefatše li sa lefisoe makhetho. Melao e fanang ka menyetla e be le ponaletso, e be bonolo ho e utloisisa, ’me e be e bulang limmaraka

17.13 Ho tlisa botsitso moruong oa lefatše, ho kenyeletsa le khokahanyo ea maano a linaha litabeng tsa moruo

17.14 Ho hokahanngoe phethahatso ea leano la lipehelo tsa ntlafatso ea moshoelella

17.15 Ho hlonephuoe maano le boetapele ba naha ka ’ngoe ho rala le ho phethahatsa maano a ho felisa bofuma le ho fihlela lipehelo tsa ntlafatso ea moshoelella

17.16Ho khothaletsoe tšebelisano ’moho ea linaha tsa lefatše ho fihlela Lipehelo tsa Ntlafatso ea Moshoelella. Hona ho etsoe ka ho arolelana tsebo, thekenoloji, le tšebelisano litabeng tsa lichelete ka tsela e tla thusa linaha tsohle, haholo-holo tse ntseng li tsoela pele, ho fihlela lipehelo tseo

17.17 Ho khothaletsoe boikopanyo ba sechaba, boikopanyo ba sechaba le bahoebi, boikopanyo ba mekhatlo e fapakaneng ea secha-ba, ka sepheo sa ho nontša tšebetso ka litsebo tse hlahang mekhatlong e fapakaneng

17.18Pele ho selemo sa 2020, ho etsoe hore, linaha tse ntseng li tsoela pele, linaha tse saletseng morao moruong, le linaha tsa li-hleke-hleke tse nyenyane, li be le boiphihlelo ba ho bokella lipalo-palo, tse nepahetseng, tse bontšang tse latelang: moputso oa motho ka mong, lilemo, mohlobo, hore na o motona kapa o motšehali, bojaki, sebaka sa bolulo, le lintlha tse ling tse fapakaneng

17.19 Pele ho selemo sa 2030, ho raloe mekhoa ea ho hlahloba tsoelo pele le katleho ea lipehelo tsa ntlafatso ea moshoelella ka ho matlafatsa makala a sebetsanang le pokello ea lipalo-palo linaheng tse ntseng li tsoela pele

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GOAL TARGET INDICATOR BASELINE 2015TARGET CURRENT STATUS

EradicateExtreme Poverty

and Hunger

Reduce by halfthe proportion of

people living on less than $1.25 a day

Proportion ofpeople below the national poverty

line (%)

66.6%(2003) 29% 57.1%

(2010/11) Not Achieved

Poverty gap index

(%)

37.9%(1995) 17% 29.5%

(2011) Not Achieved

Gini Index 0.57(1995)

No Target

0.54(2011) -

Achieve full and productive

employment for all

Unemploymentrate (%)

34.2%(1997) 15 % 28.7 %

(2010/11) Not Achieved

Proportion ofvulnerable

employment intotal

employment(%)

29%(2003)

No Target

11.8 %(2011) -

Halve, between1990 and 2015,

the proportion ofpeople who suffer

from hunger

Proportion ofpopulation that isfood insecure (%)

29.5%(2008)

No target

23.6% (2014) -

Prevalence ofunderweight

children under 5 years (%)

15.8% 8% 10%(2014)

SubstantiallyAchieved

Proportion ofstuntedchildren

under 5 (%)

45.4%(2000)

No Target

33% (2014) -

MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS AT A GLANCE

Lesotho did not achieve any Millennium Development Goals. Its progress towards each MDG is provided in the table below.

MDG STATUS

MDG 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger Very Slow Progress

MDG 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education Slow Progress

MDG 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women Slow Progress

MDG 4: Reduce Child Mortality Very Slow Progress

MDG 5: Improve Maternal Health Very Slow Progress

MDG 6: Combat HIV and AIDS and TB Very Slow Progress

MDG 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability Slow Progress

MDG 8: Develop a Global Partnership for Development Substantial Progress

1 Millennium Development Goals Status Report 2015 - Kingdom of Lesotho

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AchieveUniversalPrimary

Education

Ensure that allchildren are able

to completeprimary

education

Net enrolmentratio in primaryeducation (%)

82%M: 78.7%F: 85.3%(2000)

100%

76.6%M: 75.1%F: 78.2%(2014)

Not Achieved

Percentage ofpupils starting

grade 1 whoreach last grade of

primary (%)

61.2%(2005) 100% 71.8%

(2014) Not Achieved

Literacy rate of 15-24

year-olds,women and men

(%)

89.3%M: 82.5%F: 96.1%(2004)

100%

94.6%M: 90.6%F: 98.6%

(2014)

SubstantiallyAchieved

Promote Gender

Equality andEmpowerWomen

Eliminate genderdisparity in

primary andsecondaryeducation,

preferably by2005, and in all

levels ofeducation no

laterthan 2015

Girls-boys ratio in primaryeducation

102(2000) 100 96.1

(2014)Substantially

Achieved

Girls – boys ratio in secondaryeducation

131(2000) 100 137.2

(2014) Not Achieved

Girls – boys ratio in tertiaryeducation

116(2000) 100 142

(2014) Not Achieved

Percentage ofwomen in

nonagricultural wage

employment (%)

34.4%(2001) 50% 56.1%

(2012) Achieved

Percentage ofseats held by

women inparliament (%)

17%(2003) 30% 25%

(2015)Substantially

Achieved

Reduce ChildMortality

Reduce by twothirdsthe underfivemortality rate

Infant mortality

rate (per 1,000live births)

81 27 59 Not Achieved

Under-fivemortality rate(per 1,000 live

births)

113 37 85 Not Achieved

Percentage of 1 year-oldsimmunized

against measles (%)

71.3% 100% 90% SubstantiallyAchieved


3938


ImproveMaternal

health

Reduce by threequartersthe maternal

mortality ratio

Maternalmortality ratio (per 100,000

births)

419 (2001)

90(global)

300 (national)

1024 (2014) Not achieved

Proportion of births attended

by skilled healthpersonnel (%)

60%(2001) 80%

78%(2014) Substantially

Achieved

ContraceptivePrevalence Rate

40.6%(2001) 80% 60.2%

(2014) Not Achieved

Adolescent Birth Rate (%)

13%(2001)

No settarget

19.1% (2014) ….

AntenatalCoverage atleast 1 visit

85%(2001) 100% 95%

(2014)Substantially

Achieved

AntenatalCoverage atleast 4 visits

(%)

66.9%(2004) 100% 77.9%

(2014) Not Achieved

Unmet need for family

planning (%)

30.9%(2004)

No Target

18% (2014) -

Combat HIV and

AIDS and TB

Halt and begin toreverse spread of

HIV and AIDS

HIV Prevalenceamong

population aged 15-24 (%)

11.3%M: 6%

F: 15.4%(2004)

No Target

9.6%M: 6.0%F: 13.1%(2014)

-

Prevalence among adults (15-49) (%)

23%(2009)

No Target

25%(2014) -

Adults (15- 49)

with multiplepartners in thepast year (%)

M: 30.4%F: 11%

(2004)

No Target

M: 26.5%F: 6.57%(2014) -

Condom useamong adults

during last highrisk sex (%)

28%M: 38%F: 19%(2004)

M: 80%F: 70%

60%M: 65%F: 54%

Not Achieved

Proportion ofpopulation aged

15-24years(youths)

with comprehensive

correctknowledge

of HIVand AIDS (%)

22%M: 18%F: 26%(2004)

85%

34%M: 31%F: 38%(2014)

Not Achieved


3938


Combat HIV and

AIDS and TB

Halt and begin toreverse spread of

HIV and AIDS

AdultAntiretroviralcoverage (%)

1(2004) 80 35

(2014) Not Achieved

ChildAntiretroviralcoverage (%)

No Data 80 30

(2014) Not Achieved

HIV+ pregnantwomen

receivingART for

preventing MTCT (%)

4(2004) 95 74

(2014) Not Achieved

Halt and begin to reverse incidence

of TB

TB Prevalenceper100,000population

No Data

No Target

411(2011) -

TB Deaths per100,000

population

No Data

No Target

94(2011) -

TB Incidence

No Data

No Target

No Data -

Proportion oftuberculosis

cases detectedand cured (%)

No Data 85 70 Partially

Achieved

EnsureEnvironmentalSustainability

Reverse loss ofenvironmental

resources

Reliance onBiomass

(cooking) %

66%(2001)

No Target

53.9% (2011) -

Reliance onBiomass

(heating) %

67%(2001)

No Target

No Data -

Endangeredanimal species

No Data

No Target

3 (2011) -

Protected Land Area

(km2)

No Data

No Target

0.4 (2012) -

CO2 Emissions,Total (tonnes)

805,000(2000)

No Target

No Data -

CO2 Emissions, per capita (tonnes)

0.43(2000)

No Target

No Data -

Households with ImprovedSanitation (%)

24%(2001) 62 50.9%

(2014)PartiallyAchieved

Households with Improved

Water Sources (%)

80.6%(1995) 91% 82.2%

(2014)Substantially

Achieved

Forestry Coverage

(%)

1.3%(200) 5% 1.6%

(2013)Not

Achieved


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Develop a Global

Partnership forDevelopment

Address thespecial needs for

LDCs

Net ODA toLesotho – total(USD millions)

36.7(2000)

No Target

343.2 (2013) -

Proportion ofODA allocated

to social services

60.4(2002)

No Target

77.9(2013) -

Develop furtheran open,

rule based, predictable,

nondiscriminatorytrading and

financial system

Proportion of exports todeveloped countries

admitted free of duty (%)

11(2000)

No Target

100(2013) -

Proportion ofODA allocated to build tradecapacity (%)

6.7(2002)

No Target

0.3(2010) -

Foreign DirectInvestment intoLesotho (Million

Maloti)

224.5(2000)

No Target

1593.7(2012) -

Make availablebenefits of

technologies,especially

information andcommunications

(%)

Fixed telephonelines per 100

people

1.1(2000)

No Target

3(2014) -

Mobilesubscribers per

100 people

0.4(2000)

No Target

93(2014) -

Internet users per 100 people

0.2(2000)

No Target

11(2014)

Provide access toaffordable

essential drugs indeveloping

countries (%)

Availability ofessential

medicines

74(2007)

No Target 73.5 -


4140

NOTES

4342

NOTES

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CONTENTS...Mabaka a mangata. Empa ka bokhutšoanyane, u loke-la ho tsotella hobane u motho, ’me boiketlo ba rona bo hokahane, joaleka ketane, le ba batho ba bang. Ho se …