Covenant Reporter 2010

8/9/2019 Covenant Reporter 2010

1/12

]CL KOPLENE]

QLWOQ]LQ[WQHEJ 17>7 ZZZ%KOPKC\QKC%OQJ

]CL ZCOIL BH[[HOE O@ ]CL KC\QKC

Koplene}lq{ qob nqo|em }cl zoqim

zhii jn}clq }ch{ {|bblq he [}% Wn|i)

Bheel{o}n) }o klilaqn}l zcn} Jom cn{

moel }cqo|jc o|q boplble} m|qhej }cl

wn{} >1< xlnq{ nem qln`qb o|q kobbh}"

ble} }o bndhej boql mh{khwil{ nboej

boql wlowil òq n boql f|{} nem knqhej

zoqim%]cl bll}hej zhii al clim F|el 1="1: n}

}cl [nhe} Wn|i QhplqKle}ql% Nwwqowqhn}lix

}cl }clbl òq }ch{ xlnq jn}clqhej h{ Ihphej

O|q N`qbn}hoe{6 N Kobbh}ble} }o }cl

Zcoil Bh{{hoe o` }cl Kc|qkc% ]cl }clbl

h{ n qlbhemlq o` zcn} h} blne{ }o ihpl }cl

`|ii jo{wli he qlnkchej io{} nem c|q}hej

wlowil nqo|em }cl zoqim%

[wlndlq{ heki|ml6

]c|q{mnxWql{hmle} Jnqx Zni}lq zhii

mlihplq }cl owlehej ehjc} {lqboe%

@qhmnx boqehejK|q}h{ Hpneo``) ne

He|whn~ L{dhbo oqhjheniix qob \enindill})Nin{dn) zco cn{ n wn{{hoe òq cliwhej

xo|ej wlowil ihpl o|} }clhq hmle}h}x he

Kcqh{} nem }clhq |eh~|l k|i}|qni clqh}njl%

Cl h{ }cl mhqlk}oq o` nmbh{{hoe{ nem ne

he{}q|k}oq n} Nin{dn Kcqh{}hne Koiiljl he

[oimo}en%

@qhmnx lplehejDqh{ Kn|{}oe) ne

nmf|ek} he{}q|k}oq o` Ahail nem }cloiojx

n} Al}cli \ehplq{h}x nem n{{okhn}l wn{}oq

n} Lskli{hoq Koplene} Kc|qkc he Lskli{hoq)

Bheel{o}n) zhii {wlnd% [cl {lqplm n{ n

KCHK ko|ekhi blbalq he 177;) 1770) nem

1778%

[n}|qmnx boqehej]ob{ Hple{) zco

wine}lm L{wlqnevn Koplene} Kc|qkc) }cl

q{} Ch{wnehk koejqljn}hoe he }cl Jqln}

Indl{ Koe`lqlekl% Cl wqlpho|{ix zn{wn{}oq n} Wqhblqn Hjil{hn mli Wnk}o he Alii

Jnqmle{) Knihòqehn%

[n}|qmnx lplehejBo{{nh [nej|bn)

wql{hmle} o` }cl Lpnejlihkni Koplene}

Kc|qkc he Mlbokqn}hk Qlw|aihk o` Koejo%

[|emnx boqehejWl}lq Kcn) ne n{{okh"

n}l wqo`l{{oq o` wn{}oqni }cloiojx n} ]qheh}x

Lpnejlihkni Mhpheh}x [kcooi) zclql cl cn{

{lqplm {hekl >88:%

L`qlb [bh}c zhii al he{}niilm n{ {|wlqhe"

}lemle} o` }cl Wnkhk [o|}czl{} Koe`lq"

lekl% Mlwnq}hej {|wlqhe}lemle}) Lplixe B%

Q% Foce{oe) ni{o zhii al coeoqlm%Nii zoq{chw {lqphkl{ zhii al aqonmkn{}

ihpl oe }cl Koplene} zla{h}l% In{} xlnq{

Nee|ni Bll}hej mqlz n qlkoqm e|balq o`

phlzlq{ nkqo{{ }cl zoqim%

]cl Nee|ni Bll}hej h{ }cl chjcl{}

iljh{in}hpl aomx o` }cl Lpnejlihkni Kop"

lene} Kc|qkc% M|qhej a|{hel{{ {l{{hoe{)

mliljn}l{ zhii zlikobl elz koejqljn}hoe{)

]CL LPNEJLIHKNI KOPLENE] KC\QKC KLILAQN]L[ >1< XLNQ[ O@

BHEH[]QX ]OJL]CLQ) F\EL 1="1:) HE []% WN\I) BHEEL[O]N

KOE]HE\LM OE WNJL >7

]clql nql `lz winkl{ ihdl }cl

Koplene} Nee|ni Bll}hej)

F|el 1="1:) he [}% Wn|i) BE) }o

`|iix kobwqlclem }cl {kowl o`

zco zl nql nem zcn} zl mo%

[}ne @qhlmbne) Elz{ Lmh}oq

[}lple Pilv I|kl) Ml{hjelq

Lpx Ileenqm) Lmh}oqhni N{{h{}ne}

Fne Jqnx) Wqom|k}hoe Bnenjlq

Nmmh}hoeni kowhl{ nql npnhinail òq qll mozeionm n} zzz%kopkc|qk


2/12

Boql }cne 1% KQ

]cl Mlwnq}ble} o` Kc|qkc Jqoz}c nem Lpnejlih{b koe}he|l{ }owine} elz phaqne} koejqljn}hoe{ he 1778 nem lswnem h}{ zoqd o`lecnekhej }cl ph}nih}x o` lsh{}hej koejqljn}hoe{%Elz mhqlk}oq o` kc|qkc wine}hej Wl}lq [|ej cn{ koe}he|lm ch{

ih`l{ pokn}hoe o` Jqozhej he ko|qnjlo|{ ilnmlq{chw) k|i}hpn}hej

koe`l{{hoeni kobb|eh}hl{) nem wqlnkchej Fl{|{ n{ }cl òkni wohe} o` lplqx}chej he ih`l%

[|ej {wle} b|kc o` ch{ }hbl n} }cl qlkle} Bhmzhe}lq Koe`lqlekl }nidhej zh}c bheh{}lq{

zco{l koejqljn}hoe{ nql he}lql{}lm he cliwhej wine} elz kc|qkcl{% ]cl Koplene} eoz {}nq}{

ne nplqnjl o` }zle}x kc|qkcl{ wlq xlnq) nem qo|jcix oel o|} o` }cqll wlowil he }cl Koplene}

n}}lem n kc|qkc {}nq}lm he }cl wn{} `}lle xlnq{%

]cl mleobhen}hoe ni{o koe}he|l{ }o al boql qllk}hpl o` }cl dhejmob o` Jom% Oel"cni`

o` nii elz kc|qkcl{ nql koejqljn}hoe{ o` koioq oq he}le}hoeniix b|i}hl}cehk% N{ n ql{|i}) 1= wlq"

kle} o` nii Lpnejlihkni Koplene} kc|qkcl{ nql eoz koejqljn}hoe{ o` koioq oq b|i}hl}cehk%

Boql kc|qkcl{ nql ni{o wnq}hkhwn}hej he Plqh}n{) n qlph}nihvn}hoe zoqd{cow ml{hjelm }o cliw

kc|qkcl{ lpni|n}l }clhq {whqh}|ni clni}c% ]o bll} }cl mlbnem) }cl }lnkchej }lnb cn{ alle ls"

wnemlm nem n MPM cn{ alle qliln{lm }o kc|qkcl{% Oel wn{}oq eo}lm) He bx }chq}x"pl"wi|{xlnq{ o` bheh{}qx) Plqh}n{ h{ }cl {hejil bo{} hbwoq}ne} {}qn}ljx }o kobl moze }cl qonm%

Bnex kc|qkcl{ }cn} wnq}hkhwn}lm he Plqh}n{ cnpl n}}lemlm }cl oiioz"|w zoqd{cow) LWHK

#Lbwozlqhej Wlowil/He{whqhej Kcnejl(% LWHK l~|hw{ wn{}oq{ nem inx ilnmlq{ }o j|hml kcnejl

he n znx }cn} h{ khphi) kobwn{{hoen}l) nem Kcqh{}"coeoqhej% LWHK ni{o lswioql{ }cl heelq ih`l o`

}cl ilnmlq nem coz }o al n eoe"nesho|{ wql{lekl zchil ilnmhej }cqo|jc }cl }|qa|ile} zn}lq{

o` kcnejl% KQ

He il{{ }cne n bhe|}l) }cl :%7 lnq}c~|ndl}cn} {}q|kd Cnh}h oe Fne|nqx >1 dhiilmboql }cne 177)777 wlowil nem il`} boql

}cne oel bhiihoe coblil{{ he Woq}"n|"Wqhekl

nem }cl {|qqo|emhej nqln% N{ zn{ }cl kn{l

zcle n {hbhinq"{hvlm lnq}c~|ndl {}q|kd He"

moel{hn lnqihlq he }cl xlnq) Koplene} Zoqim

Qlihl` #KZQ( `|em{ zlql |{lm zh}che co|q{

}o wqophml oom nem zn}lq }o {|qphpoq{%

Zoqim Qlihl` He}lqen}hoeni #ZQ( mqlz

|woe |em{ KZQ wqophml{ lnkc xlnq }o

lenail }cl he}lqen}hoeni oqjnehvn}hoe }o

wqophml h}{ heh}hni lblqjlekx n{{h{}nekl%

]cl jlelqo{h}x o` Koplene} kc|qkcl{ nem

hemhphm|ni{ bndl{ }cl jqne} wo{{hail%

KZQ h{ zoqdhej }cqo|jc h}{ wnq}elq{)

ZQ nem Blmhkni ]lnb{ He}lqen}hoeni #B]H()

he Cnh}h% ]cl oqjnehvn}hoe{ nql `nbhihnq zh}c

zoqdhej he Cnh}h% ZQ) òq lsnbwil) cn{ alle

cliwhej wlowil he }cl ko|e}qx òq {lple"

}lle xlnq{ nem cnm n {}n`` o` òq}x wlowil

}clql zcle }cl lnq}c~|ndl ch}%

Zcle }cl lnq}c~|ndl {}q|kd) ao}c

oqjnehvn}hoe{ hbblmhn}lix {le} nmmh}hoeni

lswlq} mh{n{}lq ql{woe{l {}n`` nem aljne

wqophmhej oom) zn}lq) nem blmhkni knql%

Lnkc oqjnehvn}hoe cn{ lswql{{lm jqn}h}|ml

}o }cl Koplene} oq }cl mleobhen}hoe{

jlelqo{h}x }cn} cn{ cliwlm bndl }cl

ql{woe{l wo{{hail%

KZQ h{ wiln{lm }o al nail }o zoqd zh}c

{|kc knwnail nem }q|{}zoq}cx wnq}elq{ zco

nql zoqdhej }ojl}clq he Cnh}h% ]cn} wnq}elq"

{chw zhii koe}he|l ioej n`}lq }cl qlihl` wcn{l

h{ oplq) n{ ZQ nem B]H zhii qlbnhe he }cl

ko|e}qx }o cliw }cl Cnh}hne{ qla|him }clhq

ko|e}qx%

N{ o` }ch{ zqh}hej) boql }cne -> bhiihoe

KJL ZLIKOBL[ MHQLK]OQ O@

KC\QKC WINE]HEJ

KOPLENE] ZOQIM QLIHL@ @\EM[ QLNKC

CNH]H ZH]CHE CO\Q[ O@ LNQ]C^\NDL

[]\MLE][ N]

KCHK78 QLNKC

O\] ]O ]CNH

@NBHIHL[

MOEN]HOE[ @QOB KOPLENE]LQ[ WQOPHMLM @OOM NEM ZN]LQ ]O

[\QPHPOQ[ HE WOQ]"N\"WQHEKL NEM ]CL [\QQO\EMHEJ NQLN

1

[}|mle}{ cliwlm kobwil}l n

òom bhii wqophmhej foa{ nem

e|}qh}hoe }o ]cnh `nbhihl{%


3/12

] cl Mlbokqn}hk Qlw|aihk o` Koejo h{}cl {lkoem wooql{} ko|e}qx oe lnq}c)nem }cl wlowil ihphej he }cl eoq}czl{}

koqelq nql nboej }cl wooql{}

he Koejo% Oekl }cl aqlnm

an{dl} o` }cl ko|e}qx) lhjc}

xlnq{ o` khphi znq mlpn{}n}lm

}cl \anejh qljhoe) zchkc eoz

h{ cobl }o {|a{h{}lekl `nqblq{

zco ihpl oe il{{ }cne n moiinq n

mnx nem nql |enail }o wnx òq blmhkni knql)

{kcooihej) oq o}clq an{hk ellm{%

]cl Wn|i Knqi{oe Wnq}elq{chw #WKW(

h{ zoqdhej }o kcnejl }cn}% He [lw}lbalq

1778) \[NHM wqophmlm n -07 Nee|ni Bll}hej nem 17>> Bhmzhe}lq h{ ]cl Zcoil Bh{{hoe

o` }cl Kc|qkc% ]o ilnqe boql nao|} }cl aqlnm}c o` }ch{ }clbl {lnqkc }cl zla{h}l n}

zzz%kopkc|qkc%oqj/n qbn}hoe{% [lem oqhjheni {oej{ ozhej o|} o` }cn} }clbl }o zoq"

{chw%koeelk}Gkopkc|qkc%oqj

He o}clq Kcqh{}hne @oqbn}hoe elz{6 N} iln{} {hs Lpnejlihkni Koplene} kc|qkcl{ nql

al}n }l{}hej }cl |{l o` ne oeihel n{{l{{ble} }ooi òq hemhphm|ni{ kniilm Boepll% ]cl

@OQBN]HOE

LSWIOQL[ ELZ

ZNX[ ]O KOEELK]

KOPLENE]LQ[

@nqblq{ }o Bnqdl}{ {}n`` {wle}

n zlld he }qnhehej he Iodo n{

}clx wqlwnql }o koeelk} {bnii

`nqblq{ he }cl \anejh zh}c

wqo}nail bnqdl}{ he Dhe{cn{n%

CH[]OQHK WQOJQNB AQHEJ[ KN[C HEKOBL[ ANKD ]O @OQBLQ

AQLNM AN[DL] O@ KOEJO) ]CL ZNQ"]OQE \ANEJH QLJHOE

cn{ alle moen}lm }o }cl KZQ Cnh}h Qlihl`@|em% ]cn} boelx zhii al mh{}qha|}lm

}cqo|jc o|q wnq}elq{) zchkc qlm|kl{ ko{}{

nem hekqln{l{ }cl l``lk}hplel{{ o` lnkc

moiinq%

@oq boql }cne {hs}x xlnq{ KZQ cn{

alle koiinaoqn}hej zh}c wnq}elq{ nqo|em

}cl jioal he wqophmhej qlihl` he }hbl{ o`

mh{n{}lq) nem lple boql {o he knqqxhej o|}

}qne{òqbn}hoeni kobb|eh}x mlpliowble}

nboej }cl wooq) }cl wozlqil{{) nem }cl

bnqjhenihvlm% KQ

KOE]HE\LM OE WNJL =

KOE]HE\LM OE WNJL >1


4/12

Boql }cne >)777 zoble `qob nqo|em}cl zoqim nql lswlk}lm }o jn}clqn} ]qhleehni SHHH) }o al clim F|ix 11"1< n} }cl

Obeh [coqlcnb Co}li he Zn{chej}oe) M%K%

]cl }clbl oq }ch{ xlnq{ lple} h{ Qllk}"

hej Jom{ Jioqx%

Oa}nhehej ph{n{ cn{ alle l{wlkhniix

mh`k|i} {hekl 8/>>) a|} n qlwql{le}n}hpl

`qob [|mne zhii al wql{le} òq }cl q{}

}hbl% Zlikobhej }cl he}lqen}hoeni j|l{}{ h{

o`}le n chjcihjc} o` }cl lple}%

[wlndlq{ heki|ml Ixeel Cxali{) n|}coq

oÈhkl Jhqi{ Moe} Kcnejl }cl Zoqimnem

kon|}coq o`Qlmh{koplqhej Kc|qkc nem @h}

}o Al ]hlm4 Lihvnal}c Koeml"@qnvhlq) mlne

o` L{wlqnevn Koiiljl o` Ln{}lqe \ehplq{h}x4

Dhq{}le Cnji|em) 1773 Bh{{ Nblqhkn zco

koe}he|l{ }o qnh{l nznqlel{{ nao|} ln}hej

mh{oqmlq{4 Aqlemn [ni}lq BkElhi) zco zoqd{

zh}c kobwnehl{ }o }qne{òqb }clb he}o

qlkoekhihej kobb|eh}hl{4 nem Q|}c Chii)

lslk|}hpl bheh{}lq o` Zoble Bheh{}qhl{%

]cl lple} ni{o heki|ml{ owwoq}|eh}hl{

òq }o|q{ nem ne he}lqnk}hpl lswlqhlekl oe

f|{}hkl% Ph{h} zzz%}qhleehniSHHH%oqj oq boql

heòqbn}hoe nem }o qljh{}lq% KQ

ZOBLE BHEH[]QHL[

CLNM[ ]O M%K% @OQ]QHLEEHNI SHHH

IXEEL CXALI[ ]O [WLND OE

QL@ILK]HEJ JOM[ JIOQX

Nen}hoeni nmplq}h{hej nznqm) }zo

@|iaqhjc} qlkhwhle}{) nem n bnfoq

ilnj|l mqn`} whkd }cl{l nql f|{} {obl o`

}cl h}lb{ }cn} bnml clnmihel{ n} Eoq}c

Wnqd \ehplq{h}x he 1778%

Eoq}c Wnqd{ mh{}hek}hplix Kcqh{}hne)

he}le}hoeniix |qane) nem w|qwo{l`|iix b|i}h"

k|i}|qni hmle}h}x zn{ n`qblm ax }cl ql{|i}{

o` }ch{ xlnq{ En}hoeni [|qplx o` [}|mle}

Lejnjlble} #E[[L(% ]cl |ehplq{h}x bnqd"

lmix o|}{koqlm >7 alekcbnqd nem nao|}

{lple}x wllq he{}h}|}hoe{ he }cl Leqhkchej

Lm|kn}hoeni Lswlqhlekl{ kn}ljoqx%He }cl {|qplx) al}zlle 800) }cl Wn|i

Knqi{oe Wnq}elq{chw cn{ alle kobbh}"

}lm }o }cl zli`nql o` }cl{l wlowil% O|q

oqhjheni òk|{ oe clni}c knql h{ {}hii n

{hjehkne} wnq} o` o|q bh{{hoe) nioej zh}c

}cl n{{h{}nekl zl wqophml }o {kcooi{%

@nqblq{ }o Bnqdl}{) }co|jc) nmmql{{l{

}cl qoo} wqoailb }cn} kqln}l{ }cl ellm{

he }co{l {x{}lb{}cl mllw woplq}x o`

}cl wlowil%

@oq boql heòqbn}hoe nao|} @nqblq

}o Bnqdl}{) ph{h} zzz%wn|iknqi{oe%oqj% KQ

WN\I KNQI[OE WNQ]ELQ[CHWKOE]HE\LM @QOB WNJL ;

KOE]HE\LM OE WNJL 3

=

Boql }cne >)777 zoble nql lswlk}lm }o jn}clq n} ]qhleehni SHHH) F|ix

11"1


5/12

@qob cliwhej }o a|him n kc|qkc he }clNbnvoe }o {}nq}hej n b|i}hl}cehk o|}"qlnkc he [zlmle) }cl Mlwnq}ble} o` Zoqim

Bh{{hoe cn{ koe}he|lm }o ls}lem }cl zoqd

o` Kcqh{} nqo|em }cl jioal% ]cl mlwnq}"

ble} cn{ boql }cne >17 {coq}"}lqb) ioej"

}lqb) nem wqoflk} bh{{hoenqhl{ zco zoqd

zh}c wnq}elq oqjnehvn}hoe{ he }zle}x"{lple

ko|e}qhl{% H} ni{o cn{ cliwlm kooqmhen}l }cl

owwoq}|eh}hl{ oq kc|qkcl{ }o wnq}hkhwn}l hebh{{hoe wqoflk}{ nqo|em }cl zoqim%

N`qhknA\QDHEN @N[O%]cl kc|qkc he A|qdhen

@n{o cn{ n elz o|}qlnkc }ooi }o }cl

@|inehn winxjqo|em% N }lnb o` {lple

wlowil `qob }cl [linc Koplene} Kc|qkc

o` [linc) Zn{chej}oe) a|hi} }cl winxjqo|em

nem ph{h}lm nmfnkle} @|ineh phiinjl{) nem

eoz }chq}x }o {hs}x kchimqle kobl lplqx

]c|q{mnx }o winx nem clnq Ahail {}|m"

hl{% Lnqihlq }ch{ xlnq) neo}clq [linc }lnb

koe{}q|k}lm n a|himhej oq }cl wqom|k}hoenem mh{}qha|}hoe o` o|}qlnkc nem qnmho

bn}lqhni{ }o al |{lm }cqo|jco|} }cl en}hoe%

]cl zoqd cn{ leko|qnjlm @|ineh ilnmlq{ }o

bopl nclnm zh}c wine{ òq }cl òqbn}hoe o`

n Ahail {kcooi }o }qnhe ilnmlq{% ]cl [linc

koejqljn}hoe ni{o cn{ kobbh}}lm }o a|him"

hej n zn}lq zlii òq }cl {h}l%

[\MNE% ]cl wozlq o` }cl n{{h{}nekl

jhple ax }cl Lpnejlihkni Koplene} Kc|qkc

o` [|mne h{ {lle he }cl {}oqx o` n òqblq

mlw|}x hbnb o` }cl qljhoe% ]cl bne cnm

alle }oim he n {lqhl{ o` mqlnb{ }cn} cl

ellmlm }o kcnejl ch{ znx{ nem n}}lem n

iokni koejqljn}hoe% ]cn} }|qelm o|} }o al

n iokni koejqljn}hoe o` }cl Lpnejlihkni

Koplene} Kc|qkc o` [|mne% N`}lq clnqhej

}cl wqlnkchej) }cl bne n{dlm oq oqjhpl"

el{{% N ilnmlq he }cl kc|qkc lbaqnklm chb%

N }lnb o` kc|qkc blbalq{ }cle aljne

}o }lnkc nem mh{khwil }cl le}hql nbhix% Oe

Fne|nqx >) cl zn{ anw}hvlm nioej zh}c ch{

le}hql `nbhix n{ zlii n{ neo}clq {lple}x

elz alihlplq{% ]cl bne) zco ni{o cnm clim

b|i}hwil joplqeble} wo{h}hoe{) eoz zoqd{

n{ n inzxlq ml`lemhej wlowil zco cnpl

alle clim he wqh{oe zh}co|} kcnqjl{ òq n

ioej }hbl%

L|qowl[ZLMLE% Bh{{hoenqx Nnqoe ]cobw{oe)

zco h{ zoqdhej n} @h{dlakd{ Bh{{hoe{dxqdn

#@h{clq{ Kqlld [zlmh{c Bh{{hoe/Koplene}

Kc|qkc() {}nq}lm ]cl Zlii) n b|i}hk|i}|qni

o|}qlnkc }o xo|ej nm|i}{% ]cobw{oe zn{

nail }o {}nq} }cl bheh{}qx m|l }o }cl n{"

{h{}nekl o` o}clq bh{{hoenqhl{ qob nqo|em

}cl zoqim) heki|mhej }cl \eh}lm [}n}l{) zco

cliw {lqpl xo|}c nem xo|ej nm|i}{ he o}clq

knwnkh}hl{ n} }cl kc|qkc%

In}he NblqhknLK\NMOQ% Kcqh{ nem Fleex Co{dhe{

nqqhplm he [lw}lbalq }o kooqmhen}l bh{"

{hoe }lnb{ zoqdhej clql) heki|mhej {lplqni

Koplene} kc|qkcl{ `qob }cl \eh}lm [}n}l{nem Knenmn% Oel Knenmhne kc|qkc ilm ax

Flelii nem Nemx Wi|hb) òqblq bh{{hoenqhl{

he Lk|nmoq) cliwlm wnhe} }cl j|l{}co|{l

o` }cl Koplene} Kc|qkc o` Lk|nmoq he

^|h}o% ]clx ni{o slm {obl wi|bahej

h{{|l{ he }cl co|{l nem qlwinklm ne oim

zn}lq cln}lq% [hekl }cl Koplene} Kc|qkc o`

Lk|nmoq cn{ boql }cne {hs}x"pl kc|qkcl{

}cqo|jco|} }cl ko|e}qx) bnex ilnmlq{ kobl

}o ^|h}o {lplqni }hbl{ òq bll}hej{ nem }cl

j|l{}co|{l wqophml{ }clb n winkl }o {}nx%

N Doqlne"Nblqhkne }lnb `qob n kc|qkc he

Oqinemo) @ioqhmn) cliwlm inx }cl ò|emn}hoeo` n kc|qkc òq }cl wlowil o` [henej|l he

}cl Nbnvoe qljhoe o` Lk|nmoq%

KOIOBAHN% Ilnmlq{chw bn}lqhni{ qob

}cl Mlwnq}ble} o` Zoble Bheh{}qhl{ cnpl

alle }qne{in}lm he}o [wneh{c nem nql alhej

|{lm he Koiobahn% ]cl Koiobahne Kop"

lene} Kc|qkc ni{o cn{ heh}hn}lm n C|bne

Qhjc}{ Wqoflk} }cn} òk|{l{ oe zoble nem

kchimqle{ qhjc}{%

N{hn

]CNHINEM% Elz{oej Koplene}Kc|qkc) Io{ Nejlil{) wnq}elqlm zh}c }cl

[|{}nhenail Mlpliowble} Ql{lnqkc @o|e"

mn}hoe #[MQ@( }o aqhej n jqo|w o` clni}c"

knql zoqdlq{ }o qlbo}l bo|e}nhe phiinjl{

he Eoq}clqe ]cnhinem% ]clhq l`òq} }o aqhej

an{hk clni}cknql }o hbwoplqh{clm chii"}qhal

ql{hmle}{ cliwlm [MQ@ jnhe `npoq he }cl

lxl{ o` }cl{l kobb|eh}hl{ nem }cl ]cnh

joplqeble}% ]cl zoble oa}nhehej elz

foa {dhii{ n} Na|emne} Ih`l Kle}lq #NIK(

ELZ OWWOQ]\EH]HL[ NAO\EM

@OQ KC\QKCL[ ]O WNQ]HKHWN]L HE

BH[[HOE WQOFLK][

KOPLENE] ZOQIM BH[[HOE HEPH]L[ KC\QKCL[

]O WNQ]HKHWN]L HE [COQ]"]LQB) IOEJ"]LQB) NEM

WQOFLK] BH[[HOE ZOQD

KOE]HE\LM OE WNJL 0


6/12

bndl anj{ }cn} wqophml }clb zh}c

hekobl n{ zlii n{ {|wwoq} }cl zoqd o`

}cl bheh{}qx% ]cl anj{ zhii al npnhinail

n} Koplene} Nee|ni Bll}hej n{ zlii

n{ ]qhleehni SHHH }ch{ {|bblq% QoiihejChii{ Koplene} Kc|qkc o` Qoiihej Chii{

L{}n}l{) Knihòqehn) wnq}elqlm zh}c iokni

{}n`` nem {le} bh{{hoe }lnb{ }o cliw n}

}cl Kchnej Bnh {c cn}kclqx% ]clx ni{o

a|hi} kobb|eh}x kle}lq{ he }cl {i|b

nqln{ zclql }cl ]cnh @nh}c nem B|{hk

@o|emn}hoe bheh{}lq{%

]NHZNE% ]cl ]nhzne [|bblq Lej"

ih{c Wqojqnb koe}he|l{ }o a|him aqhmjl{

al}zlle }cl òq}x"}zo ]nhzne Kop"

lene} Kc|qkc koejqljn}hoe{ nem iokni

elhjcaoqcoom{%]cl hmln oq }cl {kcooimlpliowlm he 177= n`}lq }cl ]nhzne

joplqeble} {}nq}lm lbwcn{hvhej }cl

ellm òq kchimqle }o òk|{ oe ilnqehej

Lejih{c he wqlwnqn}hoe òq `|}|ql foa{

nem hekqln{lm ln{l he he}lqen}hoeni

kobb|ehkn}hoe% Koplene}lq{ qob }cl

\eh}lm [}n}l{ nem Knenmn {wlem }zo

}o ò|q zlld{ lnkc {|bblq ilnmhej `|e

inej|njl nk}hph}hl{%

Poi|e}llq{ qob boql }cne }zle}x"

pl kc|qkcl{ he Eoq}c Nblqhkn cnpl

}n|jc} he }cl wqojqnb% Bnex kchimqle

zco cnpl elplq cnm ne owwoq}|eh}x }oal he{hml n kc|qkc cnpl kobl alkn|{l

o` Lejih{c nem bnex cnpl clnqm }cl

jo{wli òq }cl q{} }hbl%

LN[] N[HN% E|blqo|{ }lnb{ qob

Lpnejlihkni Koplene} kc|qkcl{ cnpl

cliwlm wqophml }qnhehej }o ne Lejih{c

nem kobw|}lq }qnhehej kle}lq he Ln{}

N{hn% ]cl kc|qkc }lnb{ cnpl alle }cl

koql o` {obl o` o|q Lejih{c hbblq{hoe

lple}{ òq }cl {}|mle}{% ]cl{l poi|e"

}llq{ cnpl alle ph}ni }o }cl {|kkl{{ o`

o|q wqojqnb{%

BOEJOIHN% Koplene} Zoqim

Bh{{hoe h{ zoqdhej zh}c `}lle o}clq

Kcqh{}hne bh{{hoe oqjnehvn}hoe{ n{ wnq}

o` Fohe} Kcqh{}hne [lqphkl{Boejoihn)

n koe{oq}h|b o` {lple}x bh{{hoenqhl{

`qob }zle}x ko|e}qhl{ {lqphej }ojl}clq

he Boejoihn% Blbalq{ o` Qhplq Qhmjl

Koplene} Kc|qkc o` Oixbwhn) Zn{c"

hej}oe) ni{o koe}he|l }o n{{h{} o|q zoqd

clql% KQ

KOPLENE] ZOQIM BH[[HOEKOE]HE\LM @QOB WNJL )777 }o n{{h{} }cl phk}hb{ o` }cl

lnq}c~|ndl he Cnh}h% ]cl {}|mle}{ |{lm }clhq

niioznekl oq nk}hph}x boelx) cnm n andl

{nil) {oim Pnile}hel jh`} anj{) nem koiilk}lm

moen}hoe{% KQ

[KC h{ oel o` oeix }zo co{wh}ni{ he }cl Kchknjo nqln }o o``lqcl in}l{} mnPhekh [h CM qoao}hk {|qjlqx }lkceoiojx%


8/12

N in{dn Kcqh{}hne Koiiljl #NKK(qlnkclm ne hbwoq}ne} bhil{}oelhe 1778) zcle }cl Nin{dn Kobbh{{hoe oe

[lkoemnqx Lm|kn}hoe mlkhmlm }o n|}coqhvl

}cl {kcooi) zchkc blne{ h} h{ eoz ne o`khni

wo{}"{lkoemnqx he{}h}|}hoe zh}che }cl {}n}l%

Ne lm|kn}hoeni bheh{}qx o` }cl Lpne"

jlihkni Koplene} Kc|qkc o` Nin{dn) NKK

zn{ mlpliowlm }o nmmql{{ n jqln} ellm

nboej }cl En}hpl Nin{dne k|i}|ql% Zh}c{|hkhml qn}l{) nikocoih{b) {ls|ni na|{l) nem

kcqoehk |elbwioxble} nq lskllmhej }cl

en}hoeni nplqnjl{) NKK h{ l``lk}hej wo{h}hpl

kcnejl he }cl ihpl{ o` bnex en}hpl {}|mle}{

nem k|i}hpn}hej en}hpl ilnmlq{%

NKK wqlpho|{ix qlklhplm }cl knemhmn}l

òq nkkqlmh}n}hoe {}n}|{ qob }cl N{{okhn"

}hoe òq Ahaihkni Chjclq Lm|kn}hoe% NKK h{

qlkojehvlm n{ ne lskliile} lm|kn}hoeni he"

{}h}|}hoe ax }ch{ nkkqlmh}hej oqjnehvn}hoe n{

zlii n{ }cl \%[% Mlwnq}ble} o` Lm|kn}hoe%

]cl kobbh{{hoe{ mlkh{hoe wnpl{ }cl

znx he `|}|ql xlnq{ òq }cl {kcooi }o qlklhpl

{}n}l `|em{) heki|mhej jqne}{ nem ione{% ]cl

{kcooi h{ eoz lihjhail òq ]h}il = `|emhej)

zchkc heki|ml{ `lmlqni jqne} `|em{ {|kc

n{ Wlii jqne}{) [|wwilble}ni Lm|kn}hoe

Owwoq}|eh}x jqne}{) nem zoqd {}|mx% H}

ni{o lenail{ {}|mle}{ }o ~|nih`x òq `lmlqni

{}|mle} ione{) qlklhpl En}hpl koqwoqn}hoe

{kcoinq{chw{) nem wo{{haix }qne{`lq kqlmh}{}o o}clq nkkqlmh}lm he{}h}|}hoe{%

K|qqle}ix) bo{} o` }cl {}|mle}{ mo eo}

cnpl `|em{ }o wnx òq koiiljl% H} cn{ alle

wqhbnqhix }cqo|jc jlelqo|{ jhphej }o }cl

{kcoinq{chw `|em }cn} cn{ niiozlm bnex

NKK {}|mle}{ }o jqnm|n}l zh}c bhehbni oq

eo mla}%

NKK{ bh{{hoe h{ nkkobwih{clm }cqo|jc

o``lqhej n Kcqh{}"kle}lqlm nem jlelqni

{}|mhl{ lm|kn}hoe nem wqophmhej n kobb|"

eh}x }cn} knql{ òq }cl hemhphm|ni ellm{ o`

NIN[DN KCQH[]HNE KOIILJL EOZ NE

O@@HKHNI WO[]"[LKOEMNQX HE[]H]\]HOE

ELZ []N]\[ N BHIL[]OEL @OQ [KCOOI) WQOPHML[ NMMH]HOENI@\EM[ ]O CLIW []\MLE][ WNX @OQ LM\KN]HOE

]cl [|{}nhehej Wn{}oqni Lskliilekl#[WL( heh}hn}hpl wqophml{ ql{o|qkl{ }o

cliw Koplene} bheh{}lq{ koe}he|l }o oalmh"

le}ix ql{woem zh}c ph}nih}x }o Jom{ knii%

H {lqpl }cl {whqh}|niix coblil{{) {nx{

Ihemn Zhiihnb{) {oio wn{}oq n} Koplene}

Koejqljn}hoeni Kc|qkc he Zni}cnb) Bn{"

{nkc|{l}}{) zclql {cl cn{ {lqplm {hekl }cl

`nii o` 1773% He }cl kobb|eh}x he zchkc

H {lqpl) }clql h{ n {whqh}|ni xlnqehej nem

wlowil moe} lple deoz zcn} h} h{) {cl

lswinhe{%

Zhiihnb{ cowl{ }o cliw {whqh}|niix

coblil{{ hemhphm|ni{ lswioql }cl clnm nemclnq} koeelk}hoe he n knqhej {l}}hej) zchil

qlbnhehej }cloiojhkniix qoo}lm he }cl Kcqh{"

}hne }qnmh}hoe% Hb }qxhej }o bomli n {le{l

o` p|ielqnahih}x nem owleel{{) {cl {nx{%

Zhiihnb{ |emlq{}nemhej o` clq knii}o bndhej boql mh{khwil{ kobl{ o|} o`

Fl{|{{ qnmhkni znx o` alhej heph}n}hoeni)

eo} mlbnemhej% He Foce) Fl{|{ heph}l{

}cl mh{khwil{ }o kobl nem {ll) zchkc h{

[\[]NHEHEJ WN[]OQNI LSKLIILEKL

LBWOZLQ[ WN[]OQ[ ]O QL[WOEM ]O

JOM[ KNIIkoiiljl{ nem |ehplq{h}hl{ nkqo{{ }cl

Bhmzl{}% Wine{ niqlnmx nql |emlq znx

}o coim n `|ii"mnx koe`lqlekl he 17>7%

Eoq}c Wnqd{ Mo F|{}hkl nmplq}h{"

hej knbwnhjean{lm oe }cl Ahailplq{l Bhknc 063qlklhplm n aqoevl

nznqm he }cl 1=}c Nee|ni Nmbh{"

{hoe{ Nmplq}h{hej Nznqm{) }cl inqjl{}

lm|kn}hoeni nmplq}h{hej kobwl}h}hoe

he }cl en}hoe% ]cl kobwl}h}hoe mqlz

boql }cne 1)777 le}qhl{ `qob boql

}cne >)777 koiiljl{) |ehplq{h}hl{) nem

{lkoemnqx {kcooi{ qob nii `}x {}n}l{

nem {lplqni oqlhje ko|e}qhl{%

Nboej o}clq nkchlplble}{) 1778

jqnm|n}l Qhilx Kinqd alknbl }cl in}l{}

Eoq}c Wnqd qlkhwhle} o` }cl wql{}hjho|{

@|iaqhjc} Nznqm) zchkc h{ koplqhejlswle{l{ oq n xlnqioej wqo`l{{hoeni

a|{hel{{ lswlqhlekl he Blshko% Kinqd

h{ }cl }chqm wlq{oe `qob Eoq}c Wnqd }o

qlklhpl n @|iaqhjc} Nznqm he }cl in{}

}zo xlnq{% He nmmh}hoe) Eoq}c Wnqd wqo"

`l{{oq o` [wneh{c Ihemn Wnqdxe qlklhplm

n @|iaqhjc} [wlkhnih{}{ Nznqm) ql{lqplm

òq nk|i}x nem wqo`l{{hoeni{%

]cl {lnqkc h{ |emlq znx òq n elz

wql{hmle} nem mlne o` Eoq}c Wnqd

]cloiojhkni [lbhenqx% Fnx Wcline

neeo|eklm ch{ mlkh{hoe }o }qne{h}hoe

he}o n elz qoil n{ {lehoq wqo`l{{oq

o` }cloiojhkni {}|mhl{ n} }cl lem o`

}cl nknmlbhk xlnq% Wcline{ {}qoej

ilnmlq{chw h{ qllk}lm ax }cl {|kkl{{l{

o` {lbhenqx `nk|i}x% Wqo`l{{oq [ooej

Kcne"Qnc{ aood) ]cl Els} Lpnejlih"

knih{b) zn{ enblm oel o` }cl }ow >7

aood{ o` 1778 ax Ilnmlq{chw fo|qeni%

He n}cil}hk{ elz{) Phdhej wh}kclq

Bhdl Jhopleko zn{ mqn`}lm oe F|el

>7 ax }cl Bheel{o}n ]zhe{ he }cl 1778

BIA @hq{}"Xlnq Winxlq Mqn`}% N f|ehoq

bnfoqhej he a|{hel{{ nem lkoeobhk{)Jhopleko ni{o lnqelm n @hq{} ]lnb

{lilk}hoe oq ao}c }cl Koiiljl Koe`lq"

lekl o` Hiiheoh{ nem Zh{koe{he nem }cl

NAKN/Qnzihej{ Nii"Kle}qni Qljhoe%

Nmmh}hoeniix) cl {l} }cl {hejil"{ln{oe

{kcooi qlkoqm oq {}qhdlo|}{ #3=( nem

zn{ enblm he EKNN qnedhej{ he {lp"

lqni {}n}h{}hkni kn}ljoqhl{%

@oq boql heòqbn}hoe nao|} elz{

nem lple}{ n} Eoq}c Wnqd \ehplq{h}x)

ph{h} zzz%eoq}cwnqd%lm|% KQ

EOQ]C WNQD \EHPLQ[H]XKOE]HE\LM @QOB WNJL =

3

Zoble Ilnmlq{chw Kocoq} ql}qln}) @nii 1778%


9/12

N ELZ MNX @OQ QNKHNI QLKOEKHIHN]HOE)

A\] ]CL FO\QELX KOE]HE\L[

lnkc {}|mle}% ]cl {kcooi cn{ n {bnii

{}n`` }o {}|mle} qn}ho nem wqophml{

hemhphm|ni knql nem ble}oqhej {o

lnkc {}|mle} h{ leko|qnjlm }oznqm n

wlq{oeni wine }cn} wqobo}l{ coih{}hk

ih`l{}xil{) lm|kn}hoe }oznqm ih`l joni{)nem {lqphkl }o Jom%

Elz Cowl Ko|e{lihej Kle}lq)

zchkc h{ iokn}lm oe }cl knbw|{)

wqophml{ qll ko|e{lihej }o {}|mle}{

zco ml{hql h}% ]cl kle}lq boplm he}o

n elz ;)177 {~|nql"òo} a|himhej in{}

`nii) mo|aihej }cl e|balq o` o`kl{

}clx wqlpho|{ix okk|whlm oe knbw|{%

@henekhni moen}hoe{ nem poi|e}llq in"

aoq bnml h} wo{{hail }o koe{}q|k} }cl

`nkhih}x zh}co|} nex ko{} }o NKK% KQ

n plqx mnqhej }chej }o }qne{in}l he}o

o|q wqhpn}hvlm nem hemhphm|ni ih`l{}xil{

}omnx) {nx{ Zhiihnb{% H }ched nao|} bx

oze ih`lnb H heph}hej wlowil nioej

oe }cl fo|qelx zh}c bl? {cl n{d{%

Zhiihnb{ cn{ ò|em jqln} {|w"woq} he }cl Koplene} kobb|eh}x nem

}cqo|jc owwoq}|eh}hl{ wqophmlm ax }cl

Mlwnq}ble} o` }cl Oqmlqlm Bheh{}qx%

]cl mlwnq}ble} hbwilble}{ }cl

Koplene} Oqhle}n}hoe wqojqnb nem

kin{{l{) zchkc nql ql~|hqlm oq bheh{"

}lq{ zco kobl he}o }cl mleobhen}hoe%

[cl a|hi} in{}hej qlin}hoe{chw{ zh}c

clq wllq{ n{ }clx ilnqelm }ojl}clq%

[cl ni{o h{ n blbalq o` }cl Zoble{

Ilnmlq{chw Kocoq}) n ilnqehej kob"

b|eh}x `nkhih}n}lm }cqo|jc }cl [WL

heh}hn}hpl%]cl Ihiix Lemozble} Hek% koe}qha"

|}l{ {hjehkne}ix }o }cl `|emhej o` }cl

heh}hn}hpl% KQ

Ne |wkobhej ql{o|qkl wnwlq n{ zliin{ koe}he|hej lswlqhlekl{ {woe"{oqlm ax }cl Mlwnq}ble} o` Kobwn{{hoe)

Blqkx) nem F|{}hkl #KBF( nql cliwhej

Koplene}lq{ koe{hmlq }cl ~|l{}hoe w|}

òq}c he Bhknc 063Zcn} mol{ }cl Ioqm

ql~|hql?nem ql{woem }o }cl wqowcl}{

ne{zlq) Mo f|{}hkl) iopl blqkx) nem znid

c|baix zh}c o|q Jom%

]cl {lkoem Koplene} ql{o|qkl wnwlq)

]cl Lpnejlihkni Koplene} Kc|qkc nem

}cl Bheh{}qx o` Kobwn{{hoe) Blqkx) nem

F|{}hkl) zhii al wql{le}lm }ch{ F|el n} }cl>1


10/12

]cl }chqm wcn{l o` }cl Mlwnq}ble} o`

Zoble Bheh{}qhl{ Aqlnd }cl Kcnhe{

heh}hn}hpl h{ òk|{hej oe ql{}oqhej }cl ihpl{

o` qllm {ls {inpl{% @|em{ qnh{lm }cqo|jc

}cl heh}hn}hpl zhii cliw `|em Elz Mnx òq

Kchimqle) n bheh{}qx ahq}clm o|} o` @hq{}

Koplene} Kc|qkc he Ondinem) Knihòqehn%

]cl bheh{}qx zhii wqophml n aonqmhej

cobl nem {kcooi zclql jhqi{ >7 }o >3 xlnq{

o` njl kne qlkinhb }clhq ihpl{% Zcle kob"

wil}lm) h} zhii al oeix }cl `}c {|kc {lk|ql

`nkhih}x he }cl \eh}lm [}n}l{% Elz Mnx) zchkc

cn{ qlklhplm }cl lemoq{lble} o` iokni inzleòqklble} o`khni{) cowl{ }o qlklhpl h}{

q{} jhqi{ in}lq }ch{ xlnq%

Jhphej }o Aqlnd }cl Kcnhe{ cn{

lskllmlm nii wqoflk}{ {hekl }cl q{} wqoflk}

he >81=% Boql }cne ->:3)777 zn{ qnh{lm

he 1778) bndhej }cl }zo"xlnq }o}ni elnqix

-=77)777% ]cl{l `|em{ zlql lnqbnqdlm

òq He}lqen}hoeni F|{}hkl Bh{{hoe nem }cl

Chem|{}neh Koplene} Kc|qkc òq }clhq zoqd

jc}hej }qn`kdhej he Hemhn%

Elz oeihel ql{o|qkl{ ok|{lm oe

{inplqx he Eoq}c Nblqhkn nql npnhinail)

l~|hwwhej hemhphm|ni{ nem kc|qkcl{ }o

cliw lem }qn`kdhej kio{l }o cobl% ]cl

ql{o|qkl{ kne al o|em n} zzz%kopkc|qkc%

oqj/c|bne}qn`kdhej%

]cl Koplene}{ ql{o|qkl{ òq oa{lqphejC|bne ]qn`kdhej Nznqlel{{ Mnx #Fne|nqx

>>( mqlz }cl n}}le}hoe o` Eo} @oq [nil) n

ilnmhej naoih}hoeh{} jqo|w) nem nql eoz

npnhinail }cqo|jc }clhq {h}l n{ zlii% KQ

AQLND ]CL KCNHE[ LE]LQ[ ELZ

WCN[L) @OK\[L[ OE QL[]OQHEJ IHPL[

Elz ql{o|qkl{ òk|{lm oe

{inplqx he Eoq}c Nblqhkn

nql npnhinail oeihel òq

hemhphm|ni{ nem kc|qkcl{

n} zzz%kopkc|qkc%oqj/c|bne}qn`kdhej%

@\EMQNH[HEJ @OQ INEMBNQD WQOFLK] LSKLLM[ NII O]CLQ

ZOBLE BHEH[]QHL[ WQOFLK][ [HEKL >81=

lilk} o`klq{) coeoq {nkqhkhni {lqphkl

ax hemhphm|ni{ nem koejqljn}hoe{) nem

nwwqopl }cl a|mjl}% Mliljn}l{ ni{o zhii

po}l oe }cl Kqhbheni F|{}hkl Ql{oi|}hoe%

Kc|qkcl{ nem hemhphm|ni{ {}|mhlm }cl

mqn`} mok|ble} nem wqophmlm koe{}q|k"

}hpl llmankd oplq }cl wn{} xlnq%

]cl {lkoem Koplene} Ql{o|qkl wn"

wlq) ]cl Lpnejlihkni Koplene} Kc|qkc

nem }cl Bheh{}qx o` Kobwn{{hoe) Blqkx)

nem F|{}hkl) zhii al wql{le}lm%

Owwoq}|eh}hl{ oq wnq}hkhwne}{ }o

lejnjl nem al l~|hwwlm òq bheh{}qx

ni{o zhii al wqophmlm n} }cl bll}hej% @oq}cl q{} }hbl ahihej|ni co{}{ zco {wlnd n

pnqhl}x o` inej|njl{ zhii n{{h{} n}}lemll{

zh}c wlq{oeni }qne{in}hoe%

M|qhej `qll }hbl) n}}lemll{ kne phlz

mh{winx{ coeoqhej Koplene} ch{}oqx) {cow

oq lefox ko``ll nem }ln n} }cl Zoqim

Bnqdl}winkl) zclql }clx ni{o kne ilnqe

boql nao|} }cl zoqd o` }cl mleobhen"

}hoe nqo|em }cl zoqim% KQ

>1

N { oq lplqx o}clq {ljble} o` {okhl}x)1778 zn{ n kcniilejhej xlnq òqKoplene} ]q|{} Kobwnex% Xl} }clql zlql

}chej{ }o klilaqn}l n{ zl koe}he|l }o bopl

òqznqm m|qhej }cl{l kcniilejhej }hbl{6

N} }cl zoq{} wohe} o` }cl qlkl{{hoe)

Koplene} ]q|{} Kobwnex kihle} nkko|e}{

oplqnii lswlqhleklm il{{ }cne cni`}clmlkihel he pni|l o` }cl oplqnii bnqdl}% ]ch{

h{ }cl ql{|i} o` }cl mh{khwihelm hepl{}ble}

{}qn}ljx wqnk}hklm ax Koplene} ]q|{} Kob"

wnex% Bnex kihle}{ lswql{{lm }cl wlnkl o`

bhem }clx `li} he deozhej K]K zn{ bnenj"

hej }clhq n{{l}{%

Elz kcnqh}nail njqllble}{ zqh}}le he

1778 knqqx n }o}ni o` ->1);1=)7


11/12

He 1778) oplq ->>%0 bhiihoe zn{ mh{}qha"|}lm}o nii Koplene} bheh{}qhl{ `qob l{}n}l{

nem }q|{}{% ]cl {}lznqm{chw nem jlelqo{"

h}x o` }co{l zco{l iljnkhl{ bnml }cl{l

mh{}qha|}hoe{ wo{{hail {co|im al klilaqn}lm

nem leko|qnjlm%

@henekhni [lqphkl{ Qlwql{le}n}hpl{ ilm

n qlkoqm e|balq o` zoqd{cow{>1>m|q"

hej 1778% ]cl{l zoqd{cow{ cnpl mlboe"

{}qn}lm }clhq l``lk}hplel{{ he jlelqn}hej

`|}|ql iljnkx jh`} moiinq{ oq kc|qkcl{)

knbw{) nem o}clq bheh{}qhl{%

Kcnqil{ N% Zniil{) wql{hmle} o`

Koplene} ]q|{} Kobwnex {hekl 177>) ne"

eo|eklm ch{ ql}hqlble} n{ o` Mlklbalq ;>)

17>7% N {lnqkc h{ k|qqle}ix |emlq znx òq

n {|kkl{{oq% Qnemnii [% [zle{oe) enekhni

{lqphkl{ qlwql{le}n}hpl he }cl [o|}cln{}

Koe`lqlekl) neeo|eklm ch{ ql}hqlble} n{

o` F|el ;7) 17>7%

Koplene} ]q|{} Kobwnex h{ |eh~|l he

h}{ lbwcn{h{ oe {}lznqm{chw% Zh}c n ph{hoe

}o nzndle wlowil }o }cl {hjehknekl

o` {}lznqm{chw }cqo|jc l{}n}l wineehej

nem enekhni bnenjlble}zl {coz o|q

kobbh}ble} }o }ch{ bheh{}qx ax cliwhej o|q

kihle}{ em n znx }o coeoq Jom }cqo|jc

}clhq wlq{oeni enekhni wine% Lplqx}chej

knqqhl{ }ch{ {}lznqm{chw wlq{wlk}hpl%

Knii Koplene} ]q|{} Kobwnex n} 377"

=3;"1>:: }o {kclm|il n zoqd{cow òq xo|q

bheh{}qx oq }o qlklhpl enekhni oq iljnkx

wineehej heòqbn}hoe% ]clql h{ n enekhni

{lqphkl{ qlwql{le}n}hpl he lnkc koe`lqlekl%

Kclkd o|q zla{h}l òq enbl{ nem }lil"

wcoel e|balq{% KQ

En}hoeni Koplene} Wqowlq}hl{#EKW( aljne o``lqhej Kc|qkcMlbnem Hepl{}ble} Nkko|e}{ he

Bnx o` 1778% [hekl }cle) boql }cne

->7)777)777 he elz nkko|e}{ cnpl

alle owlelm%

]cl{l nkko|e}{ nql oeix owle }o

kc|qkcl{ #eo} hemhphm|ni{( nem niioz

kc|qkcl{ }o lnqe qln{oenail qn}l{ o`

ql}|qe oe kc|qkc {nphej{ |em{% EKW

k|qqle}ix h{ wnxhej ; wlqkle} oe }cl{lnkko|e}{%

[}n}lble}{ nql lbnhilm lplqx

boe}c% Zcle kc|qkcl{ ellm {obl oq

nii o` }cl `|em{) }clx il} EKW deoz)

nem EKW {lem{ }cl `|em{ lilk}qoeh"

kniix }o }cl kc|qkc{ nkko|e}% H` }clx

zne} }o nmm }o }cl hepl{}ble}) EKW

h{ nail }o }ndl }cl `|em{ lilk}qoehkniix

n{ zlii%

]cl {x{}lb bndl{ ih`l n io} ln{hlq

n{ }cl kc|qkcl{ moe} cnpl }o {lem

}cl wcx{hkni hepl{}ble} klq}hkn}l{

ankd }o EKW òq wnq}hni qlmlbw}hoeoq }o nmm boql boelx% Zl cnpl alle

wiln{ne}ix {|qwqh{lm ax }cl {}qoej ml"

{hql o` kc|qkcl{ }o |{l }cl{l nkko|e}{%

Zl }ched }cl {hbwihkh}x o` }cl nkko|e}

nem }cl qn}l o` ql}|qe }o }cl kc|qkc

cnpl bnml h} plqx n}}qnk}hpl kobwnqlm

}o }cl wni}qx he}lql{} alhej wnhm ax

aned{ k|qqle}ix%KQ

]cl Kobbh{{hoe oe [}lznqm{chw koe}he|l{ }o |wmn}l

ql{o|qkl{ oq kc|qkcl{ }o cliw }qne{òqb nii o` |{ qob

wlowil ihphej }o jl} he}o wlowil ihphej }o jhpl% ]cl

{}lznqm{chw zla{h}l heki|ml{ [kqhw}|ql oqjnehvlm ax }owhk)

zoq{chw ql{o|qkl{) {}lznqm{chw o` }cl lnq}c ql{o|qkl{) wlq"

{oeni enekhni bnenjlble} lple}{) {lbhenq{) nem kin{{l{)

n{ zlii n{ qlilpne} nq}hkil{ nem zla{h}l{%

]cl kobbh{{hoe ni{o wqophml{ }cl [}lznqm{chw [}nq}lq

Dh} nem |wmn}l{) zchkc cliw kc|qkcl{ koe{hmlq }clhq oze

{}lznqm{chw wqnk}hkl{% Nii o` }cl ql{o|qkl{ cliw wlowil

}o al}}lq |emlq{}nem }cn} {}lznqm{chw h{ nao|} nq boql }cne {nphej nem {wlemhej boelx%

Qn}clq) Jom knii{ |{ }o knql ql{woe{haix òq }cl lnq}c nem oel neo}clq {o zl nii kne ihpl he n

boql knqhej nem f|{} zoqim%Kcqh{}hne{ wqnk}hkhej zcoil"ih`l {}lznqm{chw nql eo} oeix nk}hej ql{woe{haix4 }clx nql ilnm"

lq{ he {cozhej }cl zoqim zcn} iopl iood{ ihdl%

]o ilnqe boql ph{h} }cl zla{h}l n} zzz%kopkc|qkc%oqj/{}lznqm{chw) lbnhi Dlqqx [}n|q{l}c)

{}lznqm{chw kooqmhen}oq) n} {}lznqm{chwGkopkc|qkc%oqj oq knii clq n} ::;"87:";;:


12/12

{x{}lb {|jjl{}{ qlnmhej{) ql{o|qkl{) ls"

wlqhlekl{) nem qlin}hoeni koeelk}hoe{ }cn}zhii cliw oplqkobl oa{}nkil{ nem {wnqd

{whqh}|ni jqoz}c%

]cl @ln{} zhii al clim n} }cl XBKN

o` }cl Qokdhl{ he L{}l{ Wnqd) Koioqnmo)

`qob F|el 1 bhii hoe% ]o qlklhpl

elz{ mnhix ax lbnhi) ph{h} }cl Koplene}

zla{h}l nem kihkd oe }cl Elz{zhql ihed%

Zla aqonmkn{}{ o` zoq{chw {lqphkl{n} bnfoq Koplene} lple}{ lenail wlowil

nqo|em }cl zoqim }o wnq}hkhwn}l% N qlkoqm

e|balq o` phlzlq{ zn}kclm }cl ihpl

aqonmkn{} o` }cl zoq{chw {lqphkl{ n} }cl

1778 Nee|ni Bll}hej% Aljheehej }ch{ xlnq)

Koplene}lq{ lefoxlm ihpl aqonmkn{}{ o` }cl

zoq{chw {lqphkl{ n} }cl Bhmzhe}lq Koe`lq"

lekl he Mleplq nem zhii al nail fohe he }cl

Zoble Bheh{}qhl{ ]qhleehni lple}%

He o}clq mlpliowble}{6

Elz {o`}znql zn{ hbwilble}lm ax Kop"

lene} Aood{}oql bnenjlq Dlphe Dlbwl }o

hbwqopl k|{}oblq {lqphkl%

Koplene} W|aihkn}hoe{ qliln{lm Co|{"

hej }cl [nkqlm6 Zcn} H Ilnqelm nem [}hii Nb

Ilnqehej Nao|} Wqlnkchej) ax wn{}oq Jile

P% Zhalqj) nem Wqnxlq{ W|aihk nem Wlq{oeni)n poi|bl o` wqnxlq{ nem {lqphkl{ ax wn{}oq

Nq}c|q N% Q% Eli{oe }cn} kne al |{lm òq

ph{h}n}hoe%

]cl Koplene} Kobwnehoe lnqelm {hs

nznqm{ qob }cl N{{okhn}lm Kc|qkc Wql{{)

zchkc f|mjlm n lim o` 177 qlihjho|{ w|aih"

kn}hoe{% ]cl w|aihkn}hoe lnqelm }chqm winkl

he }cl Al{} he Kin{{ òq Mleobhen}hoeni

Bnjnvhel kobwl}h}hoe%

]cl mlwnq}ble} ni{o zhii aljhe zoqd oe

n elz {|h}l o` Koplene} hmle}h}x whlkl{ he

17>7%

]cl Blmhn Kle}lq koe}he|l{ }o hekqln{l}cl e|balq o` phmlo{ h} h{ wqom|khej òq }cl

Koplene} zla{h}l% KQ

MLEOBHEN]HOE LSWNEM[ L@@OQ] ]O

HE@OQB) KOEELK]) NEM QL[O\QKL

N qlkoqm e|balq o` phlzlq{

zn}kclm }cl ihpl aqonmkn{}

o` }cl zoq{chw {lqphkl{ n} }cl

1778 Nee|ni Bll}hej%

KCQH[]HNE @OQBN]HOEKOE]HE\LM @QOB WNJL ;

]cl Ql{o|qkl Kle}lq cn{ {lqp

}cl Koplene} òq boql }cne ;

xlnq{) wqophmhej qll chjc }lk

chjc }o|kc koe{|i}n}hoe oe

bheh{}qx ql{o|qkl{) ql{lnqkc) nem k|{}obl

{lqphkl% Moe} bh{{ }cl elz He{}ne} Kcn}

`ln}|ql oe }cl zla{h}l% Zh}c eo ellm }o

{hje |w oq ioj he) |{lq{ kne |{|niix lswlk}

ne hbblmhn}l qlwix m|qhej o`kl co|q{%

Ellm cliw? Lbnhi ql{o|qkl%kle}lqG

kopkc|qkc%oqj) knii >"377";;3"HMLN #=;;1(

oq ph{h} zzz%kopkc|qkc%oqj/ql{o|qkl"kle}l

ELLM CLIW? KNII

KOPLENE] =>>

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Covenant Reporter 2010