Y):(K 904:726.54(497.16)"13/14"904"653"(497.11)

DOl: 10.2298/STA0757137P

MAPKO IIOIIOBHli, ApXeOJIOIIIKH MHCTIfIj'T, Beorpan

CBETJIAHA BYKA,IJ;HHOBHli, Perry6JIH'IKH 3aB0JJ: sa saumrry cnosremnca K)'JITYPe, Beorpan

UPKBA CBETOf CTEdlAHAHA III'HEIIAH IIOJbY IIO,U COKO-fPA,UOM

137

AucloUpaKlU. - UpKBa CBeTOr Crerpaaa aa IIIheIIaH IIOJhY, 3ll):1y)K6HHa H rp06HH xpaa BeJlHKOrsojaoae Caanana XpaaahaHlUIll3H ce y IIO)J;HO)Kjy Coso-rpana, rJIaBHOr 3aMKa H cpenanrra MohHe BJIaCTeOCKe IIOp0,l\HIle Kocasa, Ocrana I\pKBe

apXeOJIOIIIKH cy HCTpa)KeHH 1971-73. ronaae, YOqeHe cy TpH erane rpabeaa XpOHOJIOIIIKH BeOMa6Jrn:cKeKoje ce MOry ,l\aTOBaTH

y pa3,l\o6Jbe,!\pyre H rpehe neneaaje 15. aexa. IIpBo6HTHa lIPKBa, je,llHo6pO,D;Ha ca npaaoyraomee rreBH~rrpocropassa,

HOCH O,l\JlHKe crapaje pannce apXHTeKTYpe. Ilpen lbOM ce HlUIll3H noaanaaa npocrpaaa nparrpara a ca cenepae crpaae jenaa

MalbH IIapllKJIHC. Y 3aIIa,IJ;HOM rpanejy lIPKBe HaJIa3Hce rpo6 KTHTOpa06eJIe)KeH MaCHBHHM crehsoa, Kasaeaa IIJIaCTHKa

rrpooopa H IIOpTlUIll lIMa O)J;JlHKe rorasxor CTRJIa a H <ppecKey lIPKBH, Y nyxy rrpaBOCJIaBHe, raxobe cy 6RJIe ,l\eJIO nexor

O)J; rrpllMOpCKHX cnaxapa. HaKOH rypcsor ocaajarsa 1465. I\pKBa je pasopeaa H name HHje 06HlIBJbaHa.

KJbY'1lle peuu. - I\pKBa CB. Crerpaaa, paIIIKH IIJIaH, rorasxa IIJIaCTHKa,rpo6 KTHTOpa.

II poysanaaa BJIaJJ:apcKHX H BJIaCTeOCKHX pe­3H,[IeHUHja na nonpysjy cpncxax 3eMa.Jbacpemsera aexa npencraarsajy 3HalIajBY re­

M)' xoja y namoj HayUHJJ:Yro naje ,[IeTaJI,HHje otipahn­aaaa. TeK y HOBHje npene osaj rrp06JIeM, KOjH HHjeca­MO 0,[1 H3Y3eTHOr ana-raja sa npoysanatse HaUHOHaJIHenosecra Ben H enporrciorx pa3BojHHX TOKOBa na non­pyqjy rne cy ce rrpoJKHM3.JIH KYJITYPHH H rrOJIHTHlIKH)'THIlajH ca HCTOKa H aanana KOHTHHeHTa, TeKy HOBHje

npexre rr01IHlbe,[la rrpHBJIa'IH sehy nazosy HCTpllJKHBa­lIa. 1BwIO je roTOBO y06H'IajeHo ,[Ia ce OCTaIlH pe3H,I:\eH­UHjaJIHHX yrapheaa, KOjH cy rro rrpaBHJIY 03HalIaBaHHKaO OCTaIlH »cpe,[\lbOBeKOBHHX rpaJJ:OBa«,2 nocaarpajyH3,I:\BojeHo xao nojae <POPTH<pHKaUHje 6e3 IIIHper YBH­na YOCTaTKe cTaM6eHe apXHTeKTYPe, KaKO y oKBRpHMa6e,[leMa TaKO H na OKOJIHHM npocropaaa KaO MOryhHMJIOKaUHjaMa HeYTBPl)eHHX ,I:\B0poBa. Taxohe H 06JIIDK­IbH 3a,l:ly)K6HHCKH xpaMOBH cy rrOCMaTPaHH H npoyxa­BaHH H3,I:\BojeHo, najremhe 6e3rroxymaja na ce nonezsyca cycemnor YTBPl)elbHMa Hnpenosnajy xao ,[IeJIOBH He­Ka,[laIIIIbHX pe3H,[IeHUHjaJIHHX UeJIHHa.3Y TOM CMHCny,

. . .0,[1 H3Y3eTHOr ana-raja je rrpoysaaane pe3H,I:\eHUHjaJI-nor KOMIIJIeKCa nan ymhea lIMBe y Tapy, 'IHjHje jenancernenr OBOM rrpHJIHKOM npenaer Hamer nocefiaor HH­'repeconarsa. Y IIHTaIbY je rrpOCTPaHO nonpysje ca OCTa­UHMa 3aMKa - »Coxo-rpana«, nonrpaha, KaO H pyme-

CTAPMHAP LVII/200?

BHHaMa rrpH,I:\B0PHHX XpaMOBa, me ce jacno yoxaaajyCBH eJIeMeHTH KOjH cy y cpemsev BeKY 'IHHHJIH UeJIH­

BYjenae BJIaJJ:apCKe HJIH anacreocxe pe3H,I:\eHUHje.Tonorparpaja nexanamner pe3H,I:\eHUHjaJIHOr KOM­

IIJIeKCa jom YBeK ce noysnaao MO)Ke carnenara, H rrpe06HMHHjHX CHCTeMaTCKHX HCTPllJKHBaIba. Ha BHCOKOY3,[11ITH)'TOj 3apaBHH nan CTaBaMa lIMBe H Tape, xojaje nosaara xao »Illhenan norse« jom H3 erroxe cpen­lber aexa, HaJIa3HJIO ce nonrpahe ca UpKBOM CB. CTe­

<paHa, 3a,l:ly)KijHHoM BeJIHKOr sojsone Cannana Xpa­HHha.4 ,l];aJI,e xa sanany nan IIIneIIaH rrOJbeM H3,[1H)Ke

ce CTeHOBHTH 6per ca BpXOM na KOTH 927, KOjH ,[IOMH­HHpaOKomrnOM, nocefiao KaIbOHOM pexe lIMBe. Ha TOMTeIIIKO rrpHCTYIIalIHOM IIOJIO)Kajy HaJIa3e ce OCTaUHCoxo-rpana - HeKa,[laIIIIber 3aMKa ca ,I:\B0POM - ))CTOJI­

HHM MeCTOM« 3HaMeHHTe BJIaCTeOCKe IIOp0,[\HI\e Ko­casa. Y IIO,I:\HO)Kjy cesepne IIa,[lHHe, na IIPOCTOPy 3a­rpaha HaJIa3H ce jom jenna upxna xojy je, KaKO ce,[IOCTa IIOy3,[1aHO MO)Ke 3aKJbyqHTH, IIO,[lHraO CaH,I:\a.JheB

1 Andelic 1973; Popovic 1978, 101-112; IIOIIOBHIi 1997, 1-33;IIOIIOBHIi 2000, 233-245.

2 IIOIIOBHIi 2006, 189-207 (ca crapajoa znrreparypoa).

3 IIOIIOBHIi 2002, 157-177.

4 l)ypHii 1970,448; l)ypHii 1975, 19-20; IIOIIOBHIi 2008a.

138 MAPKO nonomra, CBETJIAHA BYKA,IJ;IfiIOBH'B

CA. 1. KOMClJfeI<CCOKO-rpaga ca l1l1ieaan HOItJeM, cU~HU rlAaH

Fig. 1. The complex ofSoko-grad with Scepan polje, situational plan

BaCJIeI];lDlK xepner Cre4>aH.S O;Q HeK8;Q8JI1lLHX HeKpO­IIOJI8. ca rpo6oJmMa o6en:e3reIDIM crehJ:nrMa, nopen oueY3 3H,1l;OBe n:pKBe CD. C'l"e$aBa, JlllKO ce yO'I8B8.jy ca­MO )];Be. JeJlll8. ce 1IllJI8.3HJI8. B8. sapaana llIheII8.H no­n:.a.., na HexnmIKO CTOTHHa MeTapa ceaepnaje O;Q OCT&­

TaKa noMeuyre n:pne, & npyra BHCOKO Y 6pery, :aa..u:ce;QJIOM BaCIlpllM YJla3a y 3aMaK, O;QHOCHO ;QaBaC py­meBHBeCOKO-~(CJI. I).

Y H3BopBoj HcroplijCKOj rpal;H 0CTaJI0 je MaJIDCBe;QO'IaJICTaBa 0 rJIaBBOM yrsp1)eH>y H »CTOJDIOM Me­

CT}'« Kocaxa. IIpBH nyr oaaj KOMlVleKC ce noMHJLe,KOJDIlCO je aa cana II03B8.TO, Y noBeJLH KOjOM BeJDOOIBOjBO;Q&C8B;QaJL Xpamt:hca6pahoM yC'l')'Il8.~BHH­

KY CBOjy II01IOBHHY K0B8.BJL8.. IIOBeJL8. je H3;Q8Ta 24.jyua 1419. l'O)];HHe »N" CTllnAHl( nOAl( nOA C:OKOAOM«.6

rOTOBO ;QBe )len:eBHje K8.CBHje y nOBeJldl KOjyje 10. OK­T06pa 1435. l'O;QHHe H3]l8.0 CaJma;J.eB B8.CJIe;QlDllC, YTOBpeMe jom }'BCK Be.IDOOI BOjBO;Q& CmPaB ByK'DIb., aaje,IJ;BOM Mecry ce BaBO,IJ;R ;Q& ;QY6poBa'IKH II.OC.II8lDIInI

»... TorAo\ npllAow, H4 CAIoBHII ABO'" roc:nOCTB" Mil l(

C:OKOAl(•..«.7 Y noBeJL8M8. KOjHM8. je aparollCKO-B8.II)'JL­

CKH KpaJI> IIOTBp1)HBao rrocenexepnera Cre4>aHa BYK­'DIha Kocaae Coxo-rpan ce yoeK nOMHILe na IlpBOM

Mecry no rJlaBBo xepneroao yrspl:)eu.e, no KOMe je OB

YHeKHM 3aDa;QHHM H3BOpHMa nOMHlbaB Y3 '1'H'IYJIY »O;QCoKoJIa«. Y npso] KpaJI>eBoj noBeJbH, H3]l8.TOj 1444.l'O;QHHe osaj 38M8KjeBaBe;QeH KaO »Socholsomcontra­to che chiama Drina«, a y .Iq>YI'Oj noBeJbH H3;Q&TOj 'Ie­

THpH I'O;QHBC KllCBHje noMHIbC ce no »castrum Soko«.Y tpeIi.oj, nOCJlC;QILOj nOBeJldl, H3 1454. ronaae, 3a6e­JI~ je no »cillitate Socol cum omnibw suis perti­nentiis, castris et confinww«.8 II y pa3IDIM ;QpyI'HM

5 'IiypHh 1975, 20; IImmmdi. 2008, 89-111.

(; OrojaBtmdi 1929,111,297.

7 OrojaBtmdi 1929, II2, 37.

UPKBA CBETOf CTEC1>AHA HA IIIliEIIAH IIOJbY IIO,D; COKO-fPA,D;OM 139

,n:OK)'MelITHMa rrOMHlbe ce COKOJI KaO MeCTO HeKHX no­rahaja y npexre BJIa,n:aBHHe xepuera Crerpana, Taxo jerr03HaTO na je Cpe):\HHOM jyna Meceua 1445. ronane H3COKOJIa rrOCJIaTO CBeqaHO xepneroso qeTBOp0qJIaHO

rrOCJIaHCTBO xoje je rpefiano ,n:a nperosapa 0 3aKJbyqe­Iby MHPa ca BeHeUHjoM.9 HeIIITO xacnaje, rrOqeTKOM

1451. romme, y COKOJIY, aJIH H HeKHM ,n:pyrHM Mecrn­Ma sohena cy nperonopa ca ,D;y6pOBqaHHMa 0 'rprona­HH COJbY.lO COKOJICKH 3aMaK HaJIa3HO ce Y cpe):\HIIITY36HBalba OKO IIJIaHHPaHe HCTOBpeMeHe JKeHH):l6e craporxepuera H lberOBHX CHHOBa BJIa):\HCJIaBa H BJIaTKa ynponehe 1455. romrne. Mana uepesronaja naje OCTBa­

pena y CBeMY rrpesra rrpB06HTHoj 3aMHCJIH, OCTaJIO je3a6eJIeJKeHO na cy 'rpa .n:y6poBa~a rrOCJIaHHKa ca 60­

raTHM naposaaa H BehHM 6pojeM MY3~apa KpeHYJIa10. Maja re romme xa COKOJIY rne ce OqeKHBaJIO na ceonpzoe caantieae CBeqaHOCTH.11 Ilecer ro,I:\HHa KaCHH­

je, y nponehe 1465. ronane, cyosen ca TYPCKOM orra­caomhy, xepner Crerpan je nperosapao ca yrapcKHMKpaJbeM 0 3aMeHH COKOJIa H npyrax norpamrsnaxyrnpheaa y Ilonpmsy sa 6e36e):\HHje nocene y Yrap­CKOj. Mel)YTHM, re IIJIaHOBe ocyjerana cy TYPCKa OCBa­jaaa neh rrOqeTKOM JIeTa acre rormne. OcTaJIO je 3a­

6eJIeJKeHO ,n:a je COKOJI TYPuHMa npenao HeKH KHe3Panoje KOjH je sa TO 6HO narpahen rroce,n:oM.12

IIocJIe TYPcKor ocnajaaa COKOJI je H3rJIe,n:a y6p30pasopen, a ueo pe3H):\eHUHjaJIHH KOMIIJIeKC ca upxsaaaH rronrpaheu sanycreo. Y rrOTOIbHM BeKOBHMa xepue­ron rpan nan CTaBaMa IlHBe H Tape OCTao je na JKHBH

caao y MarJIOBHTHM HapO,I:\HHM npenarsaaa. Y OCBHTcaapesreaor ,n:06a na OCTaTKe H3Ha,n: Illhenan Ilonanpna je yxasao pyCKH HayqHHK II. A. POBHHCKH YCBOMneny 0 U;pHOj I'opa, 06jaBJbeHOM y Ilerporpany 1909.ronane, sa xoje je nparrpenao rpaby name on 'rpH ne­nenaje. OH je OIIHcao pymenane upxne na 3arpal)y HOCTaTKe aa KaMeHHTOM 6pery, aa xoje je rrpeTIIOCTa­

BHO na cy npencraazsane »BJIaCreOCKH JIeTlbHKOBau«.Y rronaoaqy yrnpheaa, na Illhenan norsy sanaaao jeH pymenane »HeKaKBe rpahenaae« aa xojy ce y napo­.n:y nparronenano na je TO 6HJIa upxaa xepuera Credia­Ha.13 Y TOM HCTOM paanofirsy, 3Ha~ xpajest 19. aexa,

pymesaae Coxo-rpana nojaarsyjy ce Hna ayCTpHjCKHMBOjHHM KaPTaMa.14IIp06JIeMOMupxne na 3arpal)y ne­ranaaje ce rr03a6aBHO M. KOBaqeBHh, KOjH je 06ja­

BHO H lbeHereXH~Ke CHHMKe.15Hcm ayrop je H3Bp­

mHO H repeHcKH rrpocrreKUHjy YTBPl)elba Ha 6peryH3Ha,n: IIIherraH rrOJba H Y3 CKHUY OCHOBe ,n:ao OIIHC BH­):\JbHBHX OCTaTaKa.16

IIpBa apxeOJIomKa HC'rpaJKHBalba Ha IIIherraH rro­Jby H 3arpal)y 06aBJbeHa cy y pa3,n:06Jby 1971-1973.ro,I:\HHe rro,n: PYKOBO,n:CTBOM rrpoq,. B. J. 1)ypHha. Y IIH-

CTAPMHAPLVII/ZOO?

'rarsy cy 6HJIa 3amTHTHa acxonaaana opraaaaosaaa caUHJbeM,n:a ce acrpasee H xoasepaapajy OCTaUH upxneCB. Crerpaaa, yrpOJKeHH IIJIaHHpaHOM H3rpa,l:\lbOM XH­npoeneicrpaae »Byx-Bnjena« na ,D;pHHH. HaHMe, THMnpojexrosr, KOjH na cpehy HHjeOCTBapeH, 6HJIO je npen­saheno noranane ymha IlHBe y Tapy, KaO H uenorIllhenan norsa. IlJIaHHPaHa HCTpaJKHBalba cy 06aB­JbeHa Y3 rrparehe cananaone KOH3epBaTOpcKe nnrep­BeHUHje,17 aJIH pesynrara acrpaaomaaa HHKa,n:a HHCy06jaBJbeHH. 3aXBaJbyjyhH casyaaaoj ,n:0K)'MeHTaUHjH,18

y rrpHJIHUH CMO ,n:a OBOM rrpHJIHKOM nerarsno 06pa,n:H­MO pesynrare HCTpaJKHBalba OCTaTaKa npxse CB. CTe­

q,aHa, Y3 rroxymaj na carnenaxo nexanamaa H3rJIe,n:,YTBP):\HMO npesre HaCTaHKa H 06jaCHHMO nrape aaaxe­Ibe oaor nexana 3HaMeHHTOr xpaua y OKBRpy nexana­rmser pe3H,n:eHUHjaJIHOr KOMIIJIeKCa - CTOJIHor MeCTaKocaxa.

HCTPAmHBAlbA OCTATAKA XPAMAHA III'liEIIAH IIOJbY

CHCTeMaTCKa apxeonomxa acxonaaana OCTaTaKa

upxae na Illhenan norsy najaehasr ,n:eJIOM 06aBJbeHacy y TOK)' jyna Meceua 1971, a naperme ronnne y TOK)'KOH3epBaTOpcKHX panona HC'rpaJKeHO je HeKOJIHKO rpo­60Ba ca cnorsae crpane jyzsnor H sarrazmor 3H):\a npn­npare, KaO H OCTaUH jenner 3,n:aIba cenepao on upxne,,n:OK je casto KTHTOpCKH rpof OTKpHBeH y nero 1973.ronane (CJI. 2). IIpe noxenca acxonaaana neo JIOKa­

JIHTeT 6HO je ofipacrao mH6JbeM H MJIa,n:OM JIHCTOrra,n:­HOM myMOM. IIocJIe yxnarsaaa aereranaje jacno ceMomo carnena'ra 6per pymenaaa, qHja je BHCHHa y on­HOCy na OKOJIHH pasan 'repea H3HOCHJIaM~O H

8 HaBe)J;eHO npesra: ,IJ;mndi. 1978, 194.9 'l1HpKOBm.. 1964, 89.

10 'l1HpKOBm.. 1964, 131,

11 'l1HpKOBm.. 1964,218-219.12 HaBe)J;eHO rrpesra: 'l1HpKOBll!i. 1964,263, H. 106.13 POBMHCKIf 1994,424.

14 ToMll!i. 1949,420.15 KOBa'IeBm.. 1967,221-224.

16 MHjOBm..,KOBaqeBm.. 1975, 135-137.

17 Pa)J;OBHMa Ha rrpeBeHTHBHoj KOH3epBaI:\HjH PYKOBO)J;HJla jeapx. Mapnja Pa)J;aH-JoBMH.

18 UeJIOICYIlHa )J;OK)'MeHTllIlHja apXeoJIOIIIKHX HCTPIDKHBlIIba

OCTaTaKa I:\PKBe CB.CTeqJaHa Ha IIIherraH rrOJbY qyBa ce Y HHCTH­

TYTY 3aHCTOpHjy YMeTHOCTH lDKrro30qx:Korq,aKY=a y Eeorpa)J;)'.Ayrop )J;)'ryje HCKpeHY 3aXBaJIHOCT rrOCJIOBO)J;CTBy HHeTHryTa 3a

rrperJIe)J; OBe )J;oK)'MeHTaIlHje H IbeHO KopHIIIli.elbe.

140 MAPKO nonoaan, CBETIIAHA BYI<A,I:lHHOBH'B.

CJr. 2. apIC6tl C6efl101 C1llefjJaHa uocs« uC1llpt:IJfCU6tU OIllUIllU U31./leg (rjJofllO 1972. 1.)

Fig. 2. Church ofSt. Stephan after exploration, general view (photo 1972)

,D;O 5 M. Oerana aH;nOBa,OCUM perxax H3)'3eTaKll, 6HIIHcy aaTpIIBHH myTOM H KaMeHOM ,D;O O'i}'BaHIfX BHCHBa.

HCIWIIaBalba cy 3aIIO'IeTa YJC.1IlUb8.IIleMmyra H HaCHIIa

ca CIIOJLHHX erpaaa uopyme:aor 3,D;a1Lll ,D;O IIpBo6Hnmx

BllBeJIeI'a repena. TOM IIpHJIHICOMyO'lelDl cy OClIOBlDI

o6.lmuH UpKBe H ,D;e1IIDrDI'IH0 ,u;eq,HlDICaBa ILeBa CJI<»Ke­

na OCHOBa, T8ICD na je 6H11oMoryhe npellOOHaTH fJIaBlDI

neo xpaaa ca lIpaBO)'l'8.OHHM lIeBBH'IKHM npocropa­Ma, 3at'HM nD3H,D;aBY IIpHIlp8.TY DO H OCTa'I'lCe jenaor

l103HHjer a.BelCC8. ca ceaepae crpaae, HaKoB roI'a, He­

KODaBaILll cy HllC'l'aBJLeBa Y yuyrpanDLOCTH UpKBe no

paBlDI HeKB1181JD1.ef nona.H~ HCIIO):1 ror&.

BllBoa apmena cy caMO COH]l8)KHO, aJDI pe.n:aTHBBO

Il1BlTKO no paBlDI 3}lpaBHQe, T8.KO na cy H30CTaJDI 110­

,D;aUH 0 rpoOOBHMa Y aaocy H IIpHlIp8TH. ,IJ;eTaJbHO jeacrpaaea CaMO KTHTOpcKH rpo6 Y 3a.II8.,D;II0M TpaBejy,

DO H HeKOJlHKO rpo6BHx yxoIIa Y3 jymm: H 38.IIB.,ItHtI

3H)l upxRe (CJI. 3).OrJcpHBeBH 3H;nOBH1lpKBe, nOCMaTpllBH YllemmH,

Beje)lHaxor cy CTeITeHa OlfYBaHOCTH (CJI. 4). Y Haj60­

.liteM CTalby npeocrao je 3anamm 3HJJ: aaoca ca OCT&.­

D;HMa. 3BOBHKa, KOjH ce Bll1Ia3IlO acnpen yJl8.3a Y 1IpB0-

6HTHY UpKBY. By,uytiH na je y lIHf8Jby 6WI8 MaCHBHa

KOBCTpYKU.ga, H>eBIIM pymeH>eM H BaCJIOjaBlUbeM my­ra OKOllllH :m,nOBH, K8KO aaoca, TaKO H nparrpare 6H­

JIH ey sacyra ,D;O BHCHHe on MeC'I.'HMH'IBO H:npeKO 4 M,

mro je nonpHHeJIO na y 3H8'1ajHoj Mepll 0CTaHY ca'IYBa­

HH. 3JmoBH OCTaJIor neJIa naoca H OJITIlpa 0'I}'B8IDI eyYBHCHBH H3Mel)y 1,5H 2 M, O)lHOCHO YDeBHHQaMa ):10

BHCHBe napanera nposopa. IbY3eI'U npeneraarsa ca­MO jymm: 3H,D; HCTO'lBOI' TpaBeja rne je npeocrana Ma­

ca HCKa,D;llIIIILeI' jesrpa 3ana no BHCHBe 0;0: IIpeKO 3,5 M.

CJmtmo cy 0'iYBalDI H 3H;nOBH n03H,D;aHe IIpHIIp8Te,

yr.1l8.BBOM no 2 M, C8myaeTkDM~ OKO3~OfllOP­

Ta.1I8. KOjH je BajBHme 06pymeu. HajcJIa6Hje cy OlfYBa­HH 3H)lOBH IIpmanmor ceBepuor napllKJIHC8 'IIIjH

0CTallH He npezaae BHCHHY 0;0: 1,10 M. 3a pll3JIHKY O,D;

npB06HTI1e UpKBe H IIpHIIp8Te 6HIIH cy 3BaTBO TalbH H

rpal;emr caCJla6HjHM Be3HBOM, O,D; JIOM.1J>eBor lIpHTCCa­

nor KaMeBa y HenpammuOM onycy. Y ynyrpamaocrarrpxae, Ba ;u:eJIy H3Mel)y OJITapa H naoca OTICpIIBeBa jejyJKua IIMOBHHa 3HllaHe OJITapcKe nperpane, 0'IYBaHa

,D;O BHCHHe O,D; 0100 1 M, DO H neo H3Mel:;y cesepaor 3H­

;o:a H 6o'lBe erpaae CeBepHHX OJITapcKHX ,D;BepH (CJI. 5).

04

j

- 0.00 I

QPKBACBETOf CTEcJ>AHA HA IIl'BEIIAH IIOJLY IIQIJ; COKG-fP.A,IJ;OM 141

o Z 3 4 S 6 7 8 9 romI I I I I I I I I I

CA. 3. J41tcsa Cse1lIoC Cr1:leljuDul, CU~HU~ Otll1cpUBeHUX oclllaala1ca ca 1Ul(Jfp06HUM caoMeHIlfiUMll

u UCIllpa3iceHUM 1lo6]JUlUHQMtI ucaog pa8HU rzoga

Fig. 3. Church ofSt. Stephan, situational plan of the discoveredremains, with thefunerary monumentsand exploredsurfaces beneath the levelofthe floor

Y OICBHpy npeocranax ne.JIOBa :nmoBa oTIqulBelDl cy

OCTanH nyae BHCHlle noprana Ha yJl83y y BaOC, ca ne­

JlOMpaereperaor IDDI'l1ror cemearaor JI}'Ka, K8.OH TpH

noprana npanpare, on KOjHx je OCTaO aaj60Jbe 01fYB&B

~ BeKllnanIIbH yJIa3 ca jyJIarecrpaae, Y1Ul3 Y~aBH IIapaKJDlC, KOjH ce HaJIa3HOY01CBHpy JLeI'O­

BOr 3ana,IJ;BOr3H)l;a, ne'iJmmcaDje O'I}'BaIDIM nparoM H

M8lLHM cWarMeHroM ilORpaTBHlC8.. Oil IIp030pa npxae<Yl1CpHBeBH cy CaMO Tpal'OBH YIIeBBHI(aM8.

3H):J;OBH:Il}1ICBe rpa1)elDlcyrpy60 KJIeC8.IIHM Mau.HM

TeeaBHInlMa on »Jbyror« .noxanaor Kpe'IIbaK8. CJlO:.llte­

nor y penoee,noKje HCllYHa y jearpy 6K118. Oil: CHI'HHjer

JlOl'tl1beHOr KaMeaa H 06JIyraKa 3aJIHBeBHX ca nOCTa

MaJITepa. Y crpyIcrYpH 3H]:{Osa K8.OH myIynoja.BJI.yje ce

H IDIO'IaCTH DIKpWLaIJ: KOjHjC H3I'JlCll:aeJIYJIOfO HClCJhy­'lHB0 aa H3JlaBHaBllILe penosa. OcTa1lH 3H)l;aHe wrrap­cxe nperpane, K8.O H Il1IHTICH mmac'l'pH - neaene I1eH­

rpamror TpaBeja, 38 pa3JIHJCY Oil 0CTllJIIfX :»mOBa ItIncRerpa1)e1Dl cy'feC8.JIHQHM8. cme (CJI. 6). 0ry6 'I8.Clle TpIle­

se, Oil xora je rrpeocrao caMO HajmDIcH nco. T8.K01)e je6HO rpaljeB CHroMo Y aenocpenao] 6Jm3HBH OTKpHBe­

HS. je MaCHBII8. KaMeaa 4JHBO xnecaaa WlO'18. KDja je Ha,u:

CTAPmIAP LVII/2007.

HdfM HelCllJl8. CTaja.rra.19IJoil3eMIDI ilCJIOBH :umOBa I1p­

KBe BHCY noce6BO HCTplUKHBllBH, OCHMYje,IJ;Boj MllHlOj

COH,JJ;H y3 3aIIailHH nopran rne je 1l:H0 TeMeJba OTICpHBe­

BO aa OKD 1,25 M Yo~ocy aa paaaa nona. YO'leBO je

H Il:acy TeMeJItH 60'mHX neaaana 6HJlH aenrro JDHPH yonuocy Ba aail3eMBe,ll;enOBe 3H)lOBa. CDe~nospmaae :umosa y I1emM xpaMy }'KlL)"IYjyhH H :nma­BH HKOHOCTaC, 6K1le cynpexpHBeHe31IB01lHCOM, KOjH

je 0CT8.0 o'I}'BaH CaMOua M8.lLHM noBplIDlll8.M8.y coxny,mro he il8.JbC 6HTH oIllllHpBHje pa:mO'l'pCHo. Co.cnon­

Be CTp8He 3H,QOBH BHCY 6K1lH MllllTepHcaBH Ben cy

HMllIDI caMO 6wbe06palje.ae cnojaane,Y Cpe.IJ;HIllIbCM ll:eJIY aaoca, O~OCBO I1CHTpaJIHOM

H 3aIIa1l:HOM TpaBcjy, OTKpHBeBH cy OCTaUH HCKa,u:8.­

DIH.eJ' noll:a KDjHje 6HO pahea Oil seliHx npasoyraoaax

<lJHuo ICJlecaIDlX WI01Ja nemsapa, BehHHa OBHX WI01Ja

611JIa je llosa1)eBa H pa3HeT8. npe ICOHa1JllOr pymenaJlPICBe TaKa na HX je in situ OTKpHBeBOCaMOHeICOJlHKO

19 lIJroT.Ja 'JacBC 'Jl'IIC'C je~ja 0,75 x 0,83 ...~0,17M.

142 MAPKO IIOnOBH'R, CBETJIAHA BYKA,IJ;HHOBlffi

CA. 4. lloplllaA HaOCa caoc~J(.(}HCfll~je 3SOHUJaJ uocse geAUM.1l1Ufe 06HOse (t}Jofllo 1973. r.)

Fig. 4. Portalofthe nl103 with the remainsofthe belfry constructionafter its partial reconstruction (photo 1973)

6JDDKe 3lIJI8J:nI0M I10pTlUlY. [(eo npocrop ya jymm 31m

sananaor rpaseja aaysHMaO je BeJlHKH HeomreneHCTeb.aK, ICOjHje OTKpHBeH aHaTHO YTOBYO y onaocy aaBeK8]18lU1by pasaH II(),ll8.. Ca~ C'I'p8Be, H3Meljy QeB­rpanaor TpaBeja H cesepae IIeBlIHIl:e OTICpHBeH je neoje~or MalLeI' npeopuyror crehKa.Y IIeBmDJ:aMa H OJI­rapy IDIje 6HlIO IDIO'Ia, Behje nO):{BH sacrop "DDDIO ca­MO ):{e6JJ.H CJIoj Mll.IITCpa ca DDLymroM, ICOjK je OCTaopenaTHBHO ):{06po o1JYBaB. Je):lHHo npen 'l8.CHOM rpne­30M,y BlfJij' CTeIIemnca. Hll)lIJO):{OM O):{ Mll.1ITep8., eraja­JIa je je):{Ba ):te6Jl.a. KaMeHa IDIO'Ia. Ilon y npanpara6HO je CJDI'I8JI OHOMe y aaocy, 'tImDvre cy ra BelIlTO

MaHle :KBa,I:qJaTHe H npasoyraoae IDIOlleIIelII'I8.pa, 0llY­BaBe nperelKHO YljJpan.reH'mMa. Y pa8BH 1JO):{aIJPHIIPB.­re OTKpHBeHO je HeKOlIHICO aehax, I'OTOBO aMOp<lmHx

):{eJIOB& TpH 1J.O '1eTHpH pll36Hjeuacrehsa. Y ceaepnoxnapaxnaey HKje 6H11o OCTaTaICa BeICJl,ll;aIIDLer nona, Yu.eroBOj pamra OTKpHBeHO je BHIIIe YJlOMaICa je):tHorBemnror pa36HjeHorerehxa.

H3Ba,u; paBIDI nona roTOBO Y neno] IqJKBH, lCllO H

aa npocropy OICO IbeHHX 3H,Jl;OBa OTKpHBeB je CJIoj ne­nena H rapa ICOjH je Hapo'DITO 6HO HBTeH3HBaB Ynpo­nasy H3Me1)y IIpHIIpaTe H aaoca, YO'lellOje ):{a ce oaa]

CJIOj IfxlpMllpao IJOImO je npKBa sanycrena H TO TeK

HaICOB pas6BjlUbll crenaxa H paaaomeaa KaMeBHXnnosa 1JO):{a. Y cnojy ropeaa ya jymIy~ QpKBeOTKpHBeBH cy ICOMllJlH HCTOIDI>elIOI' OJIOBa ICOjH secy­MJLHBO IIO'I'H'IY O):{ Be:Kll)laIIIILeI KpOBHor IIOlCpHBa'la

xpassa, Ha IIIHpeM npoeropy OKO 3H,ll;OBa npxae y pan­IDI BeICJl,ll;amu.er TJla, a acnon IJOMeuyror CJIOja rope­IL8. Hmyra OTKpHBeBH cy rparoaa KYJITYPHor cnoja cape11CHM apXOOllOIIIKHM HaJIa3HMa 0 ICOjHMa he J(ll.JLe 6H­TH BlDDe pehH.

Han BHBOOM IIll.1beBHBe Y yayTpalDIbOCT.H QeJIe

npKBe H1belI0jaenocpemro] OKOJDlBH HllJl83K1IH ey ceCJIOjeBH myra MeCTHMH'lBO BHCOKH npeso '1eTHpH Me­Tpa BHCHBe., KOjHMa cy roTOBO YD;CJIOCTH 6H1IH sacymIIpeOCTaJIH 3Hl1:00H. ,lJ;eraJLBa aBaJIH3a CTp)'Icr'ypC HCTp9.THrpactmje OBOI'& myra OMOryhmm je ):{a ce ):{o1)e,'];0 'DlTIlBOrmoa 3B&'1ajmlx ca3HaH.a 0 HeJCaWllIIILeMIOr.rreJ:lY H ICOHCTpYJCllHjH QplCBe y Qemm:H, no H era­

IDlMa lbelIor ypyma8lllL8., O~OCHOHaMepHOr pymen.aHpasaomeaa rpahe, HajoehHM ):teJIOM y OBOM myry ceHllJl83H0 KaMCH, H TO npe1'CJKH0 He06pa1)eBH KOMa):{H10 CTpYK'I'YpC 3JlAQoa H3Mel118J1H ca BeJIHIQIM K01IH'!H­

HIlMa pa3):{po6JI.eB0r MaJn'Cpa y ICOMe je 6Hn0H ):{OCTa

qpKBA CBETOf CI'EcIlAHA HA lII'BEIIAH nQJbY nD,IJ;COKO-fPA,Jl;DM 143

CII. 5. OIl11la[JCICU. Rpodllop caoc~mgtJHOc UKOHocllllU:a (rjJo11lo 1971. c.)Fig. 5. Altar space with the remains ofthe constructed iconostasis (photo 1971)

CII. 6. JYJKIUlIle6R~ (rjJo11lo 2006. t.)Fig. 6. Southern choir (photo 2006)

CII. 7. JYJKIUl tjKlcaga "'pIC8e ROCAe ge.AUMWtIU! 06H08e (tjxJ11lo 1973. t.)

Fig. 7. SouthernfacaJe ofthe church afterpartial reconstruction (photo 1973)

c}lparMeHaTa 4Jpec8.lC8., xoje heMO DmtyIII8.TH]l8. 06pa­JlHMO 38jeJlHO ca Tplll'OBHMa mmomrca ua npeocTaJIHM

3H;D;OBHMa. Y HIDKHM ClIoje.aHMa myra y aaocy H npo­cropy OKO OCTllTaKa 3BOHHKll HCIIpC.II: IIpB06HTHor npo­'IeJ&& npsse Hal;euaje Delia KWIH'IHII8. 06palje.BHX KO-

CfAPHHAP LVII/2007.

Ma]l8. CHI'e KOjU uajBeIrnM ]leJIOM IIOTH'I}' 0]1 06pyme.BHXCBOrornx KOBCTpyICI!Hja. 3a pa:l1DIKY 0]1 naoca, y BeheM

));eJIY npocropa npanpare HllJl&3H cure y myTy 6Hmf: cypeTKH. a HHjeHX 6H1IO BHY ceaepaoa napaxnacy, 3apa3MllTplUbll 0 BeKII)J;8IJIH.eM H3rJIeJJYnpKBe 0)); n.oce6Bo.r

144 MAPKO nonoaan, CBETJlAHA BYKA,n;mIOBH'B.

1

2

3

4

CA. 8. TuU08U ""ectlllUX seruu.ea: us uaoca ca lllptll06UM.a cjJpeCKD Ma/lrllepa (1),ca flOgClllpeUtja (2-3) u casuganor UKDItOCIllaCa (3),' P=1:10

Fig. 8. 'fYpes ofcarved wreaths: from tM MOS, with traces offresco mortar (1),from tM space beneath tbe eaves (2-3) and from the constructed tconostasis (3); R=1:10

3Ba'laja cy 6pojlm YJloMllH lCIlMeHe IIJIaCTHKe na 'lHjojaH8JIH3H heMO ce )];eTIl.lLHHje 38JijlJDTH j:18. 6H Y)];lLlLeM

H3J1aralLy 0 BeKll,IlaIIIJLeM wrJIeAY upKBe y IleJIHBH no­

K}'DlaJIH naax 6.mDIre onpt,QIIMO, a IIOTOM CTHJIClCH H

XPOBOJIOIDKH onpe.o:eJIIfMO.

KAMEIIA IIJIACTHKA

Y CJIOjeBllMll myra npKBeCD. CTe4wta OTKpHBeHO

je npexo 380 KOMa,D;a apxHTeJcr'OHCKe WIaCTHKe BOOMa

Heyje,I:tHa'leBOr CTeIIeBa 01fYBB.B0CTH.20 Hajsemhecy y

IDrrlllLY caMO MalLU yJlOMInl, 'IecTO BCOMa CHTBH,~

je Ile1IHX KOMa.D:a 0'IYBaBO caMO HeKOmIKO. H nopen

pemlTHBHO CJIa6e O'IYBaHOCTH, Behlmy clJparMeHaT8. jeHDaIC 6K1IO Moryhe epymanrOH8JlB0 oIIpe)leJlH'I'lL OcHMOBn BaJIa3a H3 myra aa npeocTaJDIM 31m0BHMa OCTa­

JIH cy O'I)'B8BH .o:eJlOBH 06pa1)eBHX nDBpaTHHKa Ba aa­rra~OM H 3a3JomaBOMj)')KBOM IlOpraJIY npanpare.

BeHJlIIMe1)y BaJla3HM8. IIJIaCTHKe H3 myra Baj6pojmIjH:

cy lleJIOBH n:pcxlm.lmcamrx :KaMeHHX nenana mjHx jeO'l'KpHBeBO npeKO 110 KOMa.D:a. YrJlaBHOM ce MOlY H3­

,uoojlml ,ltBa OCHOBBa THIIa. IIpBOM 6pojHHjeM T.HIIYonroaapajy IleJIOBH BeBD:a ca IIporJoom,n:HjOM KOjy 'IH­

Hepa8Ba 'IOOHa TpaKa ca )l;BOCTJICHM KOCHM 3aceJCOM,

IT0JIYKPY3lI0 yny6JLeHHM H HCII)'ll':leHlDrf IIpo4mnOM H

3aBpmnOM ycKOM paBHOM TpaICOM (CJI. 8/1 H 2) 0rJqm­BeHOje 70 KOMa,na OBe n:po4uDIauuje, O;llllOCHOOKOne­CeT nyJICIIHXMeTapa. CerMemH oaora THIIa seHIl8HMa­

JIK cy BHCHBY 0.0: 12IlM, a DmpHHY WMe1)y 23 H 26IlM,

.o:OK 6H HMce OpHrHBaJIBa ,[()'mma aa OCHOBY je):lHBa

.D:B& KOMa/la KOjacy y IleJlOCTHca1fYBaHaMoma:npeTlIO­

CT8BHTH H3Me1)y 48 H 56 IlM. YJlOMIlH onora 'l1III8. Ba.lI8.­

)KeIrn cy caMO Y my:ry l1}'1IC 3JmOBa npR06wme npKBe,KaKO ca CDOJbHe TaKO H )'lIYl'p8lIDI>C erpaae, KIlO H Ynpocropy aaoca, Ha npoepH1IHCaHoj nOBplIlHHH HeKHX

O.D: epparMeHaTa ca'I)'Bamt: cy ce H TpaI'OBH cPpecKo MaJI­

Tepa mro YKa3yje j:18. je oaaj THII seHIl8 6HO 3acT}'IlJLCH

H Y YJlYTPannlOCTH n:pKBe (CJI. 8/1) Cmrme npo4mrra­UHjecy H 'IeTHpH YJlOMKa yraono 06pa1)elIa mjH 6e3cYMJLC npe)];CT8.BJL8.jy )];eJIOBe DelIma KOjH cy ce HMa-

20 IIocJJe apxcoJlOlJlDlX~ 1971-1973.~eHaJIa3H UMCIIe lDIllC'nKC 6HnH cy cpe1)eml H ACUOBOBlIIIH YicwmjIIp(K'I'OpHjH MeCBe 1IIKDJle.~ CIl40 YJIe'IO 2006.~ IKJKYDIl1­JIH~ je upoaaI)eIl4o u npe1'JlC,II;lIIl40 o6aBeIIrmmCMO ,ll;a je O,IJ; 1'Ipa­

He MemI'llIIa BpeMCHOIl4 pa3HCTI. H~mmre Ire nocroja ()qyBllmI cycaMO lflpan.IemH mjH cy IIpHJIHXDM ICOB3CpB8.TOJ.lCKHX pIWlIl8. YJPll­I)emIy o6ooBJLeIIC 911'Jt0BC, K80 H JtClIOBH HlIJtIIP03OPIII! 0lm1{lCI:0l"

1Ip03OpIl mjH ee~a 'l}'B&jyy HHcmJYIY sa IICTOpMjy yw:mocmG>mIo~(DaxyJITeT8.. Ha ILHX RllM je cxpeayonuar.y mneraM. PaAyjICO, KOlle nyryjeMooamy 311X1WI11OCT.

JnlKBA CBETOf CTEG>AHA HA III'BEIIAH IIOJ.bY IIO,llCOKD-rPA,llOM 145

C;J EJC ;J r

C IU EJLJJ 8 1

{

r!D(

01C~~;dF.... 2

CA. 9. Tullo6u KAeCaRUX JWHSOJltl: ca aogcuzpeUlja (1), us apuapaaze (2)u ca 3U!JlD'or UlaJlfOCruaca (3); P=1:10

Fig. 9. Types ofcarvedconsoles: from the spacebeneaththe eaves (l) .from the narthex(2)andfrom the constructed iconostasis (3); R=1:10

3HlIlIBa DOneoHHM IlIIHTKHM 1IHlI8CTpHM8., 0.D:HOCHO ne­3eBaM8. Tp8Beja,na mra fiHyxa:mBllJIO H ILHXOBO MeCTO

Hll.lI8.38. Ymyry.,IqJyrH THIIaeana, YKpllIIIeH MOTHBOM TOp,IlHpaHor

}')KeT&. jaBJJ>a ce Y .D:Be BapHjame KOje ce Met;yco6BOpa3JlHKYjy CaMO Y.D:HMeH3HjaMa.3HaTHO cy 'IembH KO­MaAH ':IHja je ne6JMma, no H KOn npenxonaor THIIa

H3B0CHJIa OKO 12:QM (CJI. 8/3H 14/6).OrKpHBeHO HXje

npeKO 30 4JparMeHaTa YYJCYIIBOj ;Q)"KHHH on OKO6,5 M.

Cy/l;ebH npeM8. ,;e.D:HOM KOMaJ:tY ':IHja cycensa 4Jpan.reH­T8. Moma cnojlml, .u:ymma noje/l;HHa':IHHX cerMeBaTa

Moma je mHOCHTH mMel)y 44 H 50 :QM. Ha.lIureHH cy

cy npeTe1ICIIo y myry ca CIIOJIdIe crpane 3HJlOB8., aJIH

HMa H cPparMeHaTa KOjH cy ce BaJla31V1H y YJIYlPam-

CTAPmIAP LVIIl2007.

ILOCTH naoca H rrpanpare. cDparMeHTH J:lPYI'e BapHjm­Te oaora THIIa, 4mJmje KJIecaml H 'l'lllhlI, ne6.!J,HHe9,~10 UM, IIOTlf1IY HCK.JL)"DIBO H3 myra ca npocropaOKO :nmaHC onrapcxe nperpane (CJI. 8/4). Orxpaaeao

je CaMO 9 YJlOMaKa OBe apere Y YKYJIBoj ~3OUIH Oil:OKO 2,15 M. Ha HeKHM on JLHX nocroje Tpal'OBH cPpe-­cKO-Ma.1lTCpa Ba nOBpIIIHHaMa xnecaaor )'Kp&ca.

KomoJreITo fipojHOCTH O11<pHBeBHX YJlOMaICa apxmeKTOB­

CKe nnaCTHKe DOCJIe nenauaMOrJle fiH ce BaBecTH KOB­3OJIe, KOjHX je Hj:temHepHKOBaHO YKYJIBo 48 KOMaI];&.Hajremhe cy ymrrm.y cPparMeHTH HmI npHMepUHKO­jH cy ceMOrJIH CllCTlIBH'llI 0)]; JJ;Ba H1IHBHlDe onqnmeBHX

146 MAPKOnonosrra, CBBTJIAHA BYKA,IJ;H1IOBlfli

CIt. 10. HagTlpOsopllwc O/trllapcl«)r Upo90ptl, P=1:5

Fig. 10. Stonework above the altar window. R=1:5

yJlOMaKa, .QOX je D;eJIHX KOM~ peJIaTHBHO MaJlO. lIo.InlMcH3HjaMa H o6Jnucy OB~ ce jacao ~ajajy TplI

OCIIOBHa THIIa.HajfipojHHje cy ICDB:'IQllecpe~ Be.JJH­'DIlle, YJCYIIHo ax je arICpHBeHO 35 (C1I. 9/1 H 1412). Ma­):la cy I'OTOBO HCTHX .InlMCH3Hja yo'ilLHBO je BIOnC na­pajamH, xoje ce ymaBBOM CBO):le H4 )lCTll.lLe o6JIHK.a.JC.1IJym.cmr HmI naJIYICPY'J'Ho 3ao6J1.eBor 38.BpI1IeTIC8..

BHCHBa 8M aapapa H3Mel;y13 H 15 D;M, InTO npH.6JD1­1KBO onrosapa HIDHpHHaMa, ,QOKHMce~KO~ aaj­

6oJI,e O'I}'BaBIIX npHMepaKa KpChe H3Mel;y42 H 50 IntI.

HaJIUreBe cypacyre y myry roTOBO HaD:eJIOM npocro­py xpaMa, Ma,Illl HX je uemro BHIIIe 6mroca CIlOJLBHX

crpana 3H):lOBa.,l4lyroMBeheM H MaCHBHHjeM THIIY onrosapa CC):l&M

KOB3QJIa xoje cy ca 60trnHX erpana HMllJIC pe.rr.ecpHHytepac (C1I. 9/2 H 1411). Tpaxa KOjy r}loPMJlpa J:lYIDIHKOCH yeeK RpaTH o6moc BH):lHOr ):lCJIa 6o'IBHX crpanaKOB3WIe 'DIHeliHpy6 WIH'1XOr pen.ecIm y oKBHpy KOjerce jaBJbajy MOI'HBH CTH1IH3OBaHOr ':ICTBopwIHCTll no­JIYMCCCD:a, cYBD:a, KBa,rqJaTa H npaBoyraoBHICa ca .Inf­

jaroHaJlHOM no~CJlOM, "iKja npoclJHlJaD:Hja y noje.lnf­BHM CJIY'lB.jeBmm nOAceha na ):{y6ope3BY TeXIIHKY. HaTpH KOH3QJIC IlIIaCTH':IHH YKPac je nocmjao caMO caje;llHe, O':lHrJle;llllO BH,IlJLHBe crpane, InTO YD3yje ):la cyce TH :npm.repIlH BeKaJla Ba.1I8..3HJDI rrocraanemr yyrJIOBHM8.. qeTHpHKOB3Q11e oaora THIIe caqyBaBecyy

D;eJlOCTH, ,ll;OK cy oerane <lJparMeHl'OBaBe. CDecy I'OTO­

BO je,IlHaKHX ,IlHMeB3uje, BHCHHe OKO 15 D:M, a IDHpHHc

15,6,0;0 16D:M. Bane cy .o;yra':lXe OKO SO D:M, llJlH 8M BH­

,!VbHBH 06pal;eBH neo HKje npe.rra3H0 20 D:M. am 01'­

KpHBeHH npHMCpD:H llOTH':lY H3myra y yayrpamILOCTH

:u:pKBe, K8lCO npanpare TaKa H naoca,MaILeM THIIY onroaapajy cWarMeBTH yxynuo rrer

KOB3QJIa xoje CBC nOTH'lY H3myra y aerrocpenaoj 6JDI­3HHH OJrI'apcKe rrperpane(C.II. 913). Ca 60trnHX crpana

fume cy yxpameBenpo~ IlII8.CTIfIIHHM py­60M, KOjH ce npara OKO 32 :u:M, ~OK je yxynua .o;yJKKtIaKOH3Olre, pa'l)'BlljyhH H He06pal;eBHneo,MOI'JIa 83HO­CHTH JlO 50 IntI. OrHcax je;llllc on OBHX KOH3OJIll 0TKpH­

BeH je Ba 0qyBaB0M neny 3H):laBOr HKOBOCTaCa.

Pe.ll.ec)oa IIJIK'I'IIJ<a npmopaMel;y BaJI83HM8. IIJIaCTHKe OTKpHBeHo je om 40

cWameHaTaxoju npananajyHe~M peJbCl}m:OMYKpacy pa3JDI':IHTHX IIp03Opa:u:pKBe. Bmne flJparMeBa­T& jenaoeraaae npoclJWI8IlHje ca Kpy1KBOM 06py6uoMTpaKOM H KOCHM 3aCeItHMa, KOjH onroaapajy OJampynpo3Opanpaaoyraoaor 06.muca, OTICpHBeHo je I'pyIIH­

CaBO yrJIaBBOM Y3 npemse 4Jaca):lHe 3H;llOBe ceaepne Hjy1Ku:e IIeBHHI1e. PeIOOBCTpyKllHjy ILHXOoor npB06Hmoro6JIHK.a. H ,IlHMeB3Hja Moryhe je H3BpmHTH Ba OCBOByO'l'ICpHBeHHX cilParMeBaTa (CJI. 1113). Ha HekHM O):l1LHX

IlOCTOje ca 6o'DIHX crpaaaHKpYJKBe pynexojeyn3yjyHaHC~ nocrojaae I'B03,QeBC pemerxe ca jen­HOM Bepnuc.a.ilBOM H.o;BC ~O TpHXOPH30BTaJIBC MeTaJI­

HC lIIHIIKe.

3a P83JIHKY on BIlIIpC):l 0llHC1lBHX, OCTaJIH eppar­MeIITH KOjH cy 0Jlnocetinor' 3Ba"l8.ja aa CTH.1ICICY lUWIH­

3Y upxae, 'DIlle ):teJIOBe YJCYIIIIo ner HaJllIP03OpHHKa,jeJlHor ca onrapexor nposopa H 'IeTHpH MOBOr}lope. Y3TeMe cirrapcxe ancJme OTKpHBCHa cy y myry ':IeTHpH

cWameHTa KOjH OMOryliaBajy peKOHCTpYXll:ujy Hen­,ll;aIIIIbe D:eJlHHe (C1I. 10). Y lIH'I'lllby je 6HO aannposop­HHK YBm:.y nceynorparpope ca TpHBHceIia JIYK8. 110,0;KOjHMa ce BHcy HaJIa3HJD1 cry6HliH, mro je H JIOm':IHO360r MaJle DDlpHHC OTBOpa npoaopa, KOjaHKje npena­:nma45 D;M. lIpeJllLll crpana~pHHKa,XOjH je6Ho KJIeC8lI, HmI 60JLe peha peaanY MeKOM CHTH03p­

HOM nenrsapy, 6K11a je 6oraro yxpameua.. lIOTp6ymjeJIYKOBa 6K1JO je HCT&lCJlY'l'O »)ICH()KOM Ba pa6om«, KOjy

IJ;PKBA CBETOf CTEG>AHA HA lITBEIIAHnOJbY nO;rJ; COKG-rPA;ll;OM 147

o 1 o 2

o ;>----.. r-

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;\ 1 \ 3

4

CA. 11. KAecaHU oclllaliU uposopa:.MOHOljxJpe us lUyIlla ca r:esepiU! C11lpmu! apuapaaze (1-2),01C8UP aposopajyJlate fleSHUJie (3) UHa!Jflpo30pHlI1C.MOHOljxJpe ca 3QrlllgHOI11lpaseja (4); 1'=1:10

Fig. 11. The carved remains ofa window: monofora from the debrisfrom the northernside ofthe narthex (1-2),theframe ofa window ofthe southern choir(3) and thestoneworkabovethe monoforafrom thewestern bay (4),' R=1:10

npam TpaKa y~»~aMaJITCKOr HH38.«. H3B~ cypaBB8. WIHT.KO y,!O'6.1l.eBa H JIY'Dlo 06pa1;eBa IIOJLa, 0H.3r.rre,uy OlCBHp8 oaora npoaopaBeMa Tp81"OBa Me1;y 00'­

KpHBClIHM YJIOMUHMa KaMeHe IIJIaC'l'HIre. MOJKe ce:nper­IIOCTaBHI'H ~ cy ce TY HeKa,J:l8 HaJJa3HJD1 caMO paBHO

KJIeC8BH 6JroIcoBH KOjH cy 'IHIIHIDI py60Benpo3Opa,0cT8IlH jel];He MOH04mPe, B8 ocaosy BHDIe .will'­

MeB8.Ta OTICpHBeBHX y myry ca cIIOJLlIe erpane ceBep-

crAPIDlAP LVIY2007.

aor 3H,ll;a, a8lI81J;f10 0,0; neaaane, MOry ce y n:eJIOCTH pe-­KOHcrpyHcam(CJI. 1114 H 12).Y IIHT8lby je 6HJIa IIJIO­

'18., .o;e:6J&HHe OKO 10:QM., 06pa1jeaa y BH;I:O' IlpeJIOMJI>eIIOJ"

l'OTH'IKOI' JIYK8. Or.Bop ODOr JIYK8, KOjH je onrosapaoJIIHPHBH nposopcxor OTBOpa, H3B0CHO je OICO 40 IJ;M.

0JcBHp 1IJI0'le 'DIlDVI8. je jell;BOCTaBH8 DOBHIIIeHa yenTp&Ka .o;mc.je CaM py6 OTBop8 H8,Il;IIp03OpBHI6HO H8­rJIaIDeB TpaKOM YBH.o;y »):lHjaMamcKOr lDI38«.

148 MAPKO norromm, CBETJIAHA BYKA,I:UDIOBH'B.

Ilpeocrana paBBa nOBpnnma 6HJIa je )'KpaDIeRa eaABe pCJLCClme CTH1IH3OBaBe lWIMeTe.TpH ~parMCHra

HCTe npo4nmaInI:jeH IIJIaCTlflDlor )'lCpaca, OTICpHBeHacaCIIOJI:tlIe CTp8lIC jy>mor :nma. :JaIIaJ:lHorTp8Beja JtPKBCYKJl3yjy B8. rrocrojane jomje~eHCTOBeTHO 06pa1)eBeMOB$pe.

Ha npocropyH3Mel)y ceaepae neaaane H ceaepaorIIOpT8JUl IIpHIIp&Te, Y myry ca CIlOJI>He erpane OTKpH­BeRO je ~eceTaxYJlOMaKa aa KOje ce noysnaao MOrJIO

YT.BPJnml na cy 'IJlIBHJIH ~eJIOBe ):tBa pa.3JIH'DITll aan­IIp03OpIDOOl, CKpOMHHje 06pa1)eBa, aJIH CTHlIClCH H no~HjaMa 6JIHcKa IIpeTXO~O OIDICaHHMa (CJI. 11/1H 2). Y 06a CJI)"I8.ja cy y IDmlILyYJlOMD:Hje~o~eJIHHXIIp030pa ca npe.rrOMJLeBHM I'OTH'DCHM JIYICOM, mjH jeHMao npo4mJmcaml 06py6. Haje~oMcy rrocrojane H

~e 6o"IH0IIOCT8.B.lI>elIe KpyJIClle posereneppopapaney BImY'IlmWpomt:CTa.

0Iampmm nposopaKOjH cy HMaJIH perr.e4mo YK,pa­

meae ropae ~OBe aepcearao npanana H BebHnapaBBOKIIeCaBHX ~OIlp03OPHHKaH nonnposopaaxa, pa­})eRa 0;0: HCTe apere KaMeHa - pena'IHBBO MeKOI' nenrsa­

pa. lIa.JwJ.:enHcyYJ:JIYIYnpeTeJICBO Y3 ceBepBH H jyJlam:31m sananor TpSBeja H O):tl'OBapajyhe 3lmOBe HCTO'lHor;O:e.JIa IIpHIIpaTe. HeICOJIHKO OBHX paBBO KJlec8.HHX »xa­MeBHX rpemnta« Ha.l;eHO je Y nenocpenao] 6J1H3HHH3lmllHor HKOBOCTaca. Haje.uuOM yJIOMKY H3 Te CKYDH­Henpeoerana cy H rparosa 4JpecKo Ma.IITepll. Y3H3Be­ClIY pesepsy MOrJIO 6H 3a.KJ&yqHTH ~ cy ce RaJl83HJIH

Y~jH~OBpa'l1lHX8. wrrapcKHX ABepH.

CIl. 12. Hagrlp090puu1( AWuo4Jope caceeepuot sugasaJla{J1WT rapaseja (t/JoUlO 1972. T.)

Fig. 12. Stoneworkabove the monoforafrom the northern wall ofthe western bay (photo 1972)

ITOpTaJIII

lIaJIa3H pe.n.e<pRe IJJIaCTHICe ea noprana peJIaTIlB­DO cy peTKH H yrJlaBHOM CBH IIOTH'I)' H3 myra npanpa­re HIDI cy BaJIlUICCBH Y ILeBOj 6JIH3HHH. 01l noprananaoca, y JIIY'lY KOjaM je 6HO sacyr, OTKpHBeB je paBBO

xnecana H~paTHHK,~moBaBna ~a Jle.rra, H

TpH ceraeara ~OBpaT.BHKaHCTOr R&'IHH& 06pa~e (CJL28). llpar H jenan OJl noBpaDlHKa OTKpHBeBH cy in situ.Y oKBHpY 3lfll:OB& IIpHIlp&Te OCTaoje pe1IaTHBBo ;o:06po0':IYBaH 3a.:nmaHH.iYJKHH nopra.n: npanpare ca nparoa H

JlC1LC4mo o6paljeHHM ~OBpa'J'llHUHM,a O'I}'BllBHMYBHCH­DB1,50, O~OCBO 1,70 M (CJI. 13 H 33). IIpe,n;n.a CTpaB8.

JlOBpa:rmoC8., mHpHHe 25 UM, )'KpaIDeB8. je OpHaMeB­TOM »jajaeror DITIlIIa« HJIH »t)ep;u:ana« H3Mel)yTpllK8. y

BHJJY TOpJlHpaBor )'1ICeTa. BH'IlIO je HaD0MeJIYl'H JlaOCHMje~or eaCBHM MaJIOr YJlOMKa y myry DBjeOTKpH-

CIl. 13.J~u Qopf11aJl QpuIlpa11le

«oeM ge.tlUMUIUIe 06uose (t/JoUlO 1973. T.)

Fig. 13. Southern portal o/the narthexafter partial reconstruction (photo 1973)

:QPKBA CBIrrOf CTEG>AHA HA III'BEIIAH TIOJLY noa COKO-I'PA;J;OM 149

CA. 14. c1>pa1Me1allU 1t'tJJ.f£1Ie 1lJU1I:1llU1Ce: fWH3O/UJ U3 apuapar.ue (1), KOU3O/I£ aogcUlpelUja (2),!J06pa1llHU1(!JtUlagHOc ClQp'lllaAa apuapmlle(3), aOJlYJClVlU11le.ll U!1lU)11lla KOfJ jy3raloc sugaapuapmlle(4),

900 1I0lt)11CQ1lU1/ll!Jl cajpcHor uoptuasa? (5),900 6eHUp aogCUlpeUlja (6)u gooHag6pa1llHU1(a saaagnor ClQpTllaJta llpUIlpauu? (7)

Fig. 14. Fragments ofstonework: consolefrom the narthex (1), consolefrom the space beneath the eaves (2),doorframe ofthe westernportal ofthe narthex (3), semi-capitolfrom the debris beside the southern waU

ofthe narthex (4), part ofthe semi-capitolfrom the southern portal? (5), part ofa wreath in the space beneaththe eaves (6) and part ofthe stonework above the western portal ofthe narthex? (7)

BeBBH je):1aD 4Jplll'Mem ca OBIlICBHM lCJIecaBHM 0pHa­MeHTOM, KOjH 6H onronapao ropH>HM He):1OCTajyhHM):1eJIOBHM8. ):10BpaTlDllC8.. Y myIy HCIIpe):1 jy)IcHor rropra­

JIa arKpHBeHa cy TpH JIY'DlO JCJIeCl1lI8. MOlal JIYHeTeKOjajeH~erajana UB.,D; Ibel'OBHM :Ba,II;BpaTBHKOM.21

0.0; sananaor IIOpT&JI8. npanpare, KOjH je 3BaTBO CJIa­

6HjeO'I)'BaH, OTICpHBCH je npar ca ,D;OILHM ~BHMa

):10BpaTBHICB. Heje):1HllKe mapaae (25 H 30 llM) ca lCJIe­

caBHM YJCP8.COM Y BHAY neze apere :npeIDIeT8. caera­BJLeHor 0):1 HH3a lCpyroBa xojH ce Me1)yc06Ho cexy (CJI.1413). H3 myra Y npm1paTH IIOTH'IY jom TpH Mau.a.

yJIOMK.ll KOja 'IHlIe .o;eJIOBe .o;OBpaTBHICB. 38.I1ll,llB0I' II0P-

CTAPHHAP LVII/2007.

TaJI8.. Ceaepaa nopran rrpanpare je y 3HaTHHjoj MepHpaapymen TaKO ):1a je CaMe na je.o;aoj 6o"llloj CTpaHH

Hal:)eH OTHCa:K KaMeHOI' ):10BpaTlDllC8.. Me1)yrHM, Ymy­1YYaenocpenao] 6Jm3HHH arKpHBeBa cy TpH KaMeBa~ YJIOMKa KOja 6H MOma IlO'l'HIl;&TH ca ce­BepHOI' rroprana, KaKO cy TO:npe'I'II0C'I'8 H HCI'pUGI­

Ba'IH YTOKY apxewroIIIKHX HCKOIJaBaILa (CJI. 15/2H 3).

21 Y TO&y ICOII3CpB8:roparo-pccTaypllTOpCKHX ~OBa 1973.~JIYIICTI'~jymmMnopTllJlOM upmpATC je~spahlUl>C!4 onqmBClDIX Ae.lIOBasa CBOjc Beltll,ll;8ITJB.eMCCTO.

150 MAPKO nonoean, CBETJIAHA BYKAP;IDlOmrB

1

2

3

,---+--1r-----

"

- c--

=\ I! I

4

5

6

CA. 15. t/)pa!MeHUlU!J06pa1llHUKtl U1UlgspalllRUJal apurzpaUle, P=1:10

Fig. is. Fragments ofthe doorpostand the doorframe abovethe doorofthe narthex, R=i:iO

y DH'I'alby ey ,ueJIOBH ,uOBpaTBHKa DDIplIIIe22 H23,5 nil,

jenu:aKe npOl))JfJlaIlHje, ca tpH Beprmwm:eDWIyKpymlOyceseae xaaenype.

Ocnum yJlOMqll DJlaenoce

TlmOJlOIlJKH CJIH'IIIIO OBIIM ,uoBpaTllHllHMa je HDe­KOJIHKO yJIOMaICa ,uo TeMepeclJparMemapHO 0'I}/B1lIIHX

,ua HM ce HelOl.,ullIIIlLe MecTO H cll)'lOOlKja TeIIIKO MOryO.upe.ulft'H. Hajc.JnAnHjacy 11M .una cllparMeHTa H3my­TIl YHOOey. Ca jymIe crpaae Qpue OTKpHBeHO je ce­,ullM l)JparMeuRTIl, Mel;y HdlMa Hje,um yraoaa, KojH6HMOI'JDI o,urooapam,uueMa pa3JIH'IHTHM QeJlHHwa, Ha,u­BpaTIIHQIIMa, KJIH HCKOj BpCTH 60ramje npocllKJIHca­BHX seaana, 'lKja je saje,uBH'llCa owuuca,uCKOpaTHBHa~Ha TpaKa y BH.uy »,uKjaMaHl'CKOf lIH3a« no fJIaB­

BH eneMem n:porllKJIa (CJI. 15/1). YslLHX 6H ce MoraoI1pIOOL)"IHTH H jenan yJIOMaIC, ual)eu ua HCTOM npo­CTOpy, JCOjH YMecTO »,uKjIlMallTCKOr uma« no cpena­IDILH MOTHB lIMa »)I(H()KY'Da pa60m« (CJI. 15/4). OcHM

oaax, caCBHM cy Oco6eH DaJIll3 .una cllparMeBTIl, DOCBeMY cy,ueliH ICpajeBH Ha.uapaTHHKa ca pen.ecllHHMyxp8COM, 1JHju je OCHOBBH MOTHB TpaKa C8 norryraMa

(CJL 15/6 H CJI. 14n). Je,uau o,u oaax YJlOMaKa Hal}eHjeHCnpe,u sananaor 3HoU8 I1pHIIpaTe, ,uOK.upym DOTH'IeH3myra He,uaneKO on ceaepoacrosaor yma QpKBe.

Kamrre.n:H npe,uCTaBJbajy H3Y3eI110 penax Ha.JIa3Mel;y OTKpHBeBHM yJlOa,mHMa apxKTClCI'OHCKe WJaCTH­

ICC~KBe CD. Cre<lJaua. <J>pamemH,uua IDIH'lXa rmny­KllIIH'I'eJIa, H3myra Hc~j)'3CBe cllaca,ue IlPKBe, IIMa­JIH cy pen.e4J1m YJCP8C CJlOJKeHOf 1UlJIMHII0r JIHIDlia yBH.uy ,uua CHona II01I)'ICp)'3CBHX TpaKA (CJL 1611 H 14/5).ODe rpaxe cnojeae y napanenne HH30Be 6naro ce cy­3al.Bajy npeMa 1lBY K8.I1HTeJIa. En:eMemH norser ,uenaOBn Ka.IIHTeJI& HHcyca1fYBaIDI 1m na jeJlDOM 011 rrerOTKpHBeBHX yJlOMaKa, na ce HeMOJKe DOYS,uaBO 3llKJbY­

'IHI1I KaJCO je 6HO 06J1HKOOaH raj neo. Cylle1iH npeaaMecTY aanasa, De6Hce Moma HCKJ&}I'IHI1I IIOMHCaO .uaMOJK,Ua DO'I'H'I)' ca jya:Hor IIOpraJI& I1pHDpaTe. Je,uHIDI YQeJIOCTH 01fYBaH D01JYKaIII'lTC1I Hal)euje HaOKO 7 Mjy­mlOOllupKBe(CJL 14/4H 1612). lberoBOnpo'leJLeyxpa­maoajy,uue yraone Bo.nyre oxpenyre na ,uWIe H3Mel)yKOjHX ce HaJIll3H je,uau BelYfHKllJlHH JCOIDLaCTH JIHCT.

.u;OlLH neo D01JYIWIH'I'ClI8 DOJIYICPYJKHor je npecexa(npelJllHK 15 QM) ca 3aBpDIHOM npocIumll.QHjOM YBH,uy

ropyca. OBOMD~ M01lQta 6H 011l'OBap8JIa Hje,uHH8 .una MaJIa yJIOMKa eTY6H1ia KpymJor npecexa,'lKjH ce npe'ImIIC BKje MOrao DOy3,uaHO o11pe,uRTH.

Mel;y 800Ma CH'I'BHM l)JparMCHTHMa IIJIaCTHKe lIMa

DeKOllHKO I1pllMepaxa, oeliHBoM OTICpHBeBHX y myryHCnpe,ujyroHCTO'lBOfynnaI1pHIlpaTe, naKOjHMa ey0'!Y-

IJ;PKBA CBETOf CTEG>AHA HA III'BEIIAH TIQJbY TIQIJ; COKO-rPA,IJ;OM 151

1 2

~------">._ . _,.

\

\

iI

CA. 16. lltJAYKtlrlUflleJlU ca rlpUllpallle, P=1:10

Fig. 16. Semi-capitalsfrom the narthex, R=1:10

~~'

~ B ~ \7 / .'" - - ~- <,

~~r r b [@

"r3 \~

~' \/.,,-

2 3 4 S .\j '" 10 ~ 11~ .

1'1(I fi l 001C,.)

:P'"'

~9 ~~ ®".'.",]. . ..;' 13.'~ '

6 7 8 12

CA. 17. CUIllUU (jIpafM£HJaU 1«lJrU!He rlJlaC1llUKe, P=1:10

Fig. 17. Smallfragments ofthe stonemasonry, R=1:10

RamI TpaI'OBH ICJIeC8.BOI' opB8.MeBT8. Y RHJJY »)kH0Ke«,»jajacror HH3a«,0llBOCBO »l)epnma« H »/lHjaM8BTC1Ce

rpaxe«, Ha He.KHM 0.0;OBHX YJIOMaKa opHaMeBT je TeKaO

JIY'lBo, mro )'KIl3yje aa 60raTHju peneproap KaMeHeIDIllC'I'HKe, 'Dija ce MeCTll H HeJC8)l8ITIIbH o6JmK ca.u;aBHIIIe Be MOry HH:npemocT8BImI (CJI. 17/1-8). Hexa­.u;aI[llLeM npKBeHoM HaMcurrajy MOrJIe 6H ce rrpmmca­m nae rlJparMeBI'OBaBe KaMeHC IC)'I'JIe,~ OKO16nM, :aal)eHe y ceaepnoj neBHHInI. Ha jellBoj 0.0; lLHX

0'I)'B8.B8. je H "Ie'I'Bp'I'aCT pyna aa ycal)JmlllLe, BepOBaT­HO, .u;pBeHor »'IeIIa« (CJI. 17/13). TaKOl)e HeKOj BpeTH

M06Hmljapa Morao 6Hnpmm.u;am neo JIYlfHo 06pal)e­He IDIO'IC )'KpaIIICBe .u;yE py6a IIJI8.CTH"IBOM TpaKOM caCpcmmrm.HM MOTHBOM TOp)lHpaH0r)'1lCCT8. (CJI. 1719).CmI':IaB MOTHB nojllBJ&yje ce H aa YJIOMKY je.u;ae nno­'Ie KOja TllKOlje llOTH'IC H3 myra Yaaocy,

OCfAIUI iKHBOIDICA

Kao mro je Ben HCTBJClIYTO, y myry KOjHM cy 6Hmt:3acym OCTallH I1pKBe OTKpHBeBO je MHOnrrBO 4JparMe­HaTa 4JpecKO MaJITepa, a MllILHX noapmaaa oqynaHor)kHBoIDIca 6KJIO je Hy mDICHM 30HaMa0lfYB8.HHX 3H)J;o­

88.. YJIOMUH cy 6HJrn pa.cym no I(eJIOM IIpOCTOpy XpaM8.

CfAPHHAP LVIY2007.

HOKO rsera, a 6HJJO HX je HY3CMJJdI KOjoMje sacyr Icr'H­

TOpclCH rpo6. HajBehH cxymm BlLJIa3 ocyror 4JpecKOMllJlTepa OTKpHBeB je Y nponasy H3 IIpHIIpaTe Y BaOC,

3aTHM Ynpoeropy ozrapa, cesepaoj llCBIIlt:QH KaO Haa

BHIIIC MeCTll Y IIpHIIpaTH. 3Ba'lajBo je TllKOl)e na cy6pojBH cWamCHTH B8..1IUreBH H Ynpoeropy cesepaor)J;OOH.u;aBOT IIapaKJIHca. cI>pecKo MaJlI'Cpa 6HJ1o je, KaO

mro je Ben HCTaKII)"I'O, H aa He.KHM YJlOM[{HMa aeaana,3aTHM ua cerMeIm1M8. Jl)'BeI'C jy.mrornoprana KaO H BaHaJla3HMa OKO 3HJ18lIe onrapcxe nperpane - ypymeHHM

6JIOKOBHMa care, KOH3OJI8M8., JIeIIU}IM8. H KaMeHHM rpe­)lHI(aMa ,u;oBpaTHHKa. Y BajBeheM 6pojy 3acT)'1llLCHH cyYJlOMI(H ca T8.MB01IJI8.BHM n03a1)eM HOOpnype cmncaueItHH06epoM.Tparosa .u;panepHja OJlC1lC,lJ;H H HllK8.pH8T8

H3}'3e'I'Ho cy peTKH. Y cesepaoj IIeBlllt:QH OTKpHBeBa cy.u;aa cWarMeHTll opeona aa KOjHMa cy npeoerana Tpa­

roaa 3JI8.THHX JIHCTHIi.a, a 6HJ1o je jam BeKOJIHKO CJIH1{­

HHX~T8. ca ll03JI8.TOM HYnpHIIpaTH. Haje.u;HOM6JImcy care KO.o; wrrapa calfYBaH je CerMCHT opeonaca)J;eJIOM CJlHKaBor MaclxJpHOBa. Ha HClOM npocropy aa­t)eH je H .o;co JIHKa jenaor, BepoBaTHO B.BI)e.na, ca IIpH­

Ka30M 'ICJI8. H KOBpr.I8. KOCe. IIoce6Ho cy 3H8"I8.jBHrlJparMeHTH ca ):leJIOBHMa IrnpHJnrmIcHX CHI'HaTYPa,CJDIK8.BHX 6eJIOM 60jOM BaTaMBO IDIaBOM nOO8.1)y, KO­

jHXje 6HJ1o yomapy, ami HY.u;pymM.u;eJI0BHM8. xpaaa,

152 MAPKO nOnOBH'R. CBETJIAHA BYICA,IlHHOBH'R

2

CII. 18. c1}par..weUIUU ppeawM.all1llepa: geA06U llleKCllla ca CJIUJa»1OC C6JdmcaU3 IlpOIUl!JQ. U3 apullpallle y HQDC (1)U wpac CrpapUfllO 3aRUCa (2)

Fig. 18. Fragments ofthe fresco mortar: parts ofa text on the painted scroU in the passage from the narthexto the naas (1) and traces ofthe lettering ofa document (2)

CII. 19.p.eo CJUU<QHOC COIWl YIjaKoUU1W1lY (rjJo1llO 1971. t.)Fig. 19. Part ofthe painud slcirting in the diaconikos (photo 1971)

CJI. 20. p.eo CJUU<QHOC COIWl Yjy:Jtawj aeBuuIiU (rjJo1llO 1971. c.)Fig. 20. Part ofthe painted skirting in the southern choir (photo 1971)

y myry )'3 jymm: 3H,ll; IIpWUl3a H3 IIpHIIplLTe Ynaoc OT­

KpHBeBO je BHlIIe KOWijl8. 4JpecKo Ma.JrrePa ca ocrana­Ma TeKCTa pabenor' JlPHOM 6ojoM 118. 6eJIOj IIOWI03H(CJI. 18/1). Texcr je 6110 HCmIC8.B Ypej:10BHMa KOjH cy03ll8.1femr T8.HKHM ype38.IDIM xOpH30HTIlJIIIHM mnmja­

Ma. Y IIHr8Jl>Y cy O'DII'JlewlO j:1eJIOBH CJDIIOUIor CBH'11al

"'IHje ce 3aspIIIBH j:1eD ca npeoerana TpH CJlOBa MoraoIIpeIl03ll8.TH Ha je,[{BOM 0j:1OBHX~eHaTa. Ha <lJpe­CK8M8. YnpKBH IIOCTOjllJDl cy,R3rJIe,IUl, H yrpe6auH: 3Ip8.­

cInrro 3aIIHCH. Casso Ha je,rnlOM ~eHTY 6H11o jeMOryhe IIpo'IHTaTH neo pe'IH •.•UHKO••• (CJI. 1812).

Ha 3H,ll;OBHMa D:p1CBe yrJlaBHOM cy IIpeOCTaJIe Ma­

ILe rronpmane CJDIKllIIor COICJIa. Y O1IT8.py OCTaJIH cy

TparoBH CJIIOOlBe ):qlanepuje, I18.j6oJLe 0'l)'BllBH na jy­)lCHOM 3lfJ:O' l)aKomlKOll8. (CJI. 19). Y ceaepnoj H jy1moj

IJeBBHI!H Ycox.rry cy ce HaJIa3H118. TpH cmncaB8. npaao­yraoua nona KOja, nocMaTPllII8. Y lIeJD11D1. no~­

Bajy HHKpyCTanuje on: pa3Ho6ojHorMePMepa (CJI. 20).,IJ;eo CJIH1IBor COlOIa, caMO CJlOJIreBHjer :n:preJKll. 0TKpH­

BeH je H ca jy1me crpaue IIpOJI838. H3 lI8.OCaYnpanpa­TY. Y npH3eMJl>Y HeICa.,Q8IIIHoeI 3BOHHK8.. Hman: oaoraCOKJIa. YBpeMe HCTplUKHBa"IKHXpanoea, nocrojao je H

:QPKBA CBETOf CI'EcIIAHA HA III'BEIlAH nQJbY non COKD-fPA,D;OM

CII. 21. 3a1lag1lu rllpasej lI,fJIC6e C6emof C1lle(jJaHa ca xrauraopcKUM rpoOOMSt!JlUl«)f 60j6oge CaJtfj(lMl XpaHUIia (rPoUlO 2006. r.)

Fig. 21. Western bay o/the church ofSt. Stephan with the donor's grave o/the grand duke,SanJalj Hranic (photo 2(06)

153

neoerojehe ljlHrype jemHor CD. paTllllK8.ID1H ApxllBI'eJIaMmwma, K8lCO cy HC'J.'P8-'KHBa'IIH~a npeTIlOCTaBHlDf.

HucaJlOCT. OBa IC.OMII03UIlHja xoja je yfip30 nponana,0CTaJIa je HenoteyMeHTOBaHa.22 Y lIpHIIpaTH npKBe, aa311,Il:OBHMaIDICY 0CTllJIH O"l)'BaBH~Blf 4JpecKO eOKJIaaJIH ce cyn:eliH IIpeMa BeKHM HaJIa3HMa H3 myra MOI'JIO3llKJb}"Dfl'lf Il:8. ee HlfjC 6H'l11o pa3JDIKOBao on: OBOI'a yneBHHU:aMa. Tparoaa cPpecxo COIC.JIa 6Hn:o je y cesep­BOM napaKJDlCy. aJIH ce aa MamIM O'I)'BaHHM nOBpDDl­BaMa BHje Morao IIOY3~aHO YTBpro-rm H3rJle;Jl; CJIHICa­

nor opII8.MeHTa.

rP06 KTlITOPA Y I(PKBH

Ka.o mro je &eli. BalIOMCayro, cyn:eliH npeaa OCTa­:QHMa :aa.,rn'p06BHx 06eJIC)Kja, caxpaae cy apmeae HecaMO y naocy Ben H ~orpat)eHoj npanpara, xao H Yce­BepllOM napaxJIHcy, KOjH je 6e3 C)'?rfILe. HMao~­jy rpOOHe xanene. Me1)ymM, CBH TH rpo60BH cy OCTa­JIH HCnpO}"leBH. ApXeoJIOIDlCH je HCTp8JKCH CaMO rp06YjymIOM ]leJIy 38IIllJlHorTpaBcjay XOMe je, 6e3 cyM­

Hoe, IIO'IIHBao KTHTOp npKBe Cseror Crec:lwm (CJI. 21).Han:rpo60M ce aanaaao MOBYMelITlLlllDl CTeDax, npa­BH1IHO KJIecaH Y~ caan:yxa ea paBBOM roplbOM no­BpnnlBOM, 1IyCXOM npOlDKpCHOM CTOnOM, xoja je ca-

CTAPHHAP LVII/2007.

MO ca cenepae CTp8lIc nemro IIIHp8. 1I HenpaBR1IIIHjeo6pal)eHa (CJI. 2211). Crehax ca CTOIIOM YKJIaDao ceTa'DIO y ouqnmy TpaBcja. Ello je pal)eHon jennor MO­HWlHTBor 6Jroxa, Te'ICHHe oxo 2,5 TOHe, H OTK(UlBeH jeYTOBYO y nyaoj csojej BHClfHH. Haxoa IIO.lnl3aJb8.

CTeDxa HCTp8JIreHa je rpOOm XOMopa ea~OM aa ~­6HHH on: oxo 1 M.23 IIpeM8. O'DCpHBCHHM rparosaaa,MOrJIO ce 3UJL}"Dfl'lf n:a jc 6HJ1a rpal)eHaon: M8.ClfBBHX

XpaCTOBHX o6JIImaxoje cy 6HJ1e noaesane rB03;Jl;eHHMlCJIHHoBHMa, a na yrJIOBHMa. nepoaarao, 1IMe1)ye06Ho~He (CJI. 29). Ca I'OPJLC erpane rpo6Ba XOMO­pa je 6HJ18 T8.lCD1)e nOlCpHBeB8. XpaCTOBlfM o6JIHnaMa.24

KOCTlf IIOKDjBHxa, pena.THBHO ~o6po o"l)'BaHe, 6HJIe

2.1 0~ y COItlIY IqlKOO IlOCTOje caMO rqmo-&ne cpo..'I'OI'plUjmje H mnop CKHIle,AJIH He H~e y 6ojH. HajBellH~ OIIHX eppeeua BHIIJC BCIlOCTOjH. a COlOBCKH 0Jl: !jlparMCBaTaIWIasc ee y HaPOJl:llOM MYscjyy~.

23 3a D0,u:H3a:&.e creW mpmnlicBa je~ ell .IplIl:IWIH­

IIITa o6.rooIm.e JW;IqlOCJICK'lpIlBe »Mpa'IHll>e«. fpo6 Iml'IOpll (7l'IJ;)­

nan je 6e9 IIpHCyC'l1lo8. apxOO1lOra., a Hcrpamma ra je apx. MapajaPanao-Jomm (ll'Dl1aJtH H3 ~eBIIHIm HC'IpUGIBau.a).

2A 3a ~'ftCe 0 J:OIIC'1'p}'KI1HjIIrpo6Be IWMOpC,~ OBHX 119

Cll'I)'BAHe~ apxeonollllCltX HCTplllIO!IJI1JT"lI, SaxBaJIIIOCT

BaycMCllHllilcaoJ:IImm.HMaAYI'YieMOH~~

npocp. B.l. 13ypHhy; yuope~: 1Imromdi., )J;. 1992, 134.

154 MAPKO nOITOBH'R. CBETJIAHA :BYICA,llHHOBH'B.

o1 2 3 4

CA. 22. Tuao6u Hagfp061lUX Q...1O'«l-cllle1iaKa: ca IClllUlDOpct«Jr rpo6a (1), ca He1CpollOJle ys SU{J08e /iplC8e (2-4)

Fig. 22. Types offunerary plaques-stele: from the donor's grave (1),from the necropoUs beside the wallsofthe church (2-4)

cy nopesreheae H yr.1lllBBOM KOHUeHTpHCalle y jyroa­

CTO'IIIOM ;lleJIY rpo6a. Onaj HaJIa3 no H yJIOMUH eppe­C:KO Mll.JI'l'ell8. )'3 nopeaehenn CKeJIeT jacno YJC8.3yjy ):laje rpo6 6HO OTBapaII H IllDll'OOUl Y BpeMe Ka,Il8. je up­KBa Ben6K11a aanycrena H ,ll;eJlOM ypymeaa. On rpo6­BHX npanora, y aenocpeaaoj 6mDlUIH .o:06po o'I}'Balle

JIo6au.e, OTKpHBeB je jenan »KpYHWIHKH fB03neBH

npenMeT~H rB03nCHO KpCCHBO, sa KOje ce BC 6H MorJIO

nO)'3;llaHo TBpron'H ;lla JIHnpe~ rp06BH npanor

HJIH je TY ~neJIO npKIIH:KOM IIJL8.'DCe rpo6a (CJI. 23/1H 2). AmpoIIOlIOIIIK8. aBaJIH3a cxenera, BIUJCaJIOCT,

BHje apmena, OC'raJIO je caMO 38.IDlJK1l1Le HCTplUlCHBa­

'IJa ;lla je y InIT8.H>y 6110 CKeJIeT »BHCOKe MYJDKe ocoee,p06yCBe rpa1)e HBeo6wmoro6nHKa JI06aa.e ca BHea­

KO H3PaJKeHHM ':Ie1IOM«.25

IIpWDlKOM OTKpHBlUb8. lC'I'IITOpcKOr rpo6a, ca ILe­

roae HCTO':IBe crpaae, xa Qempa.1IBOM TpaBCjy, yO':leHje jom jemaa rpo6, KOjH je OCTaO BCHCTplUKeB, KaO HH

0CTaJIH rpoOOBH Y ceaepnosr ):leJl'j naoca, 6y;llyhH ):laHCTpUCHBllIL8. y COH]laMa HCDO;o; paBHH IIO]la HHeynpe.lI83KJIa J:lYfiHBY 0,40):l0 0,60 M.

fPOSOBH OKO IJ;PKBEH HEIIOCPEJUIA OKOJIHHA

0cHM: rpoOOea y y Haoey, lIpHIIpaTH H CCOepHOMnapaKJIHcy,O;o;BOCHOrpOOHOj KB.IICJDl, caxpaaaaaae je

BpIIIeHo H aa npocropy OKO CaMe JlPKBe. Y3ILeBe~o-

Be, rroce6Bo cajy1Kue CTp8.IIC, 0TICplIBClI0 je 14 crehaxa,on KOjHx ey BelCH 6HJ1H ;lleJIOM n0MePCHH npKIIH:KOM

II03HHjHx IIJL8.'DCH. Hajsemhe ey y InIT8.H>y MaCHBBH

KaMeBH MOKOBH, KJIecaDH YBH,lI;}' C8lI,1:ijIlCa ca paBBOM

roplbOM IIOBpmHBOM H jenua BarJIameHOM CTOnOM

(CJI. 22). CaMO jenaa aenrro BeliHcreliaK je 680 Me­Call y BH,J::ty CJIeMelLaKa. Pa,ItH YBHna y H8':IHH caxpa­HtHBau.a apxeononnor cy HCTplUKeBa cano 11'H rpo6a.

rpofi 7 I'po6By jaMYnozpzaao je loI3.II.H creIw: ca c.rr.a60II3. BaI'JIalDeIIDM crorrou, Ha ]1y6mm: 0;11 0.80 M OTltpliDum jec.rr.a60 0tl}'B811 cnOOo;!1HO yx.ona:e: CKeJIeT 6e::I TparoBa ffi)BeHOI'cllH]l)'K8. ITOKOjmnc, CTapocHe;!106m 12-14 1'O;!1HII3., eeoJWe­t;euor IIOJIa, 6Ho je DOJl'()]I(eH II3. nel)mla ca p}'lOlMa nanO:JKe­BIiIM Y3 TeJlO. I'po6BHXnpaaora BI1Ije 61i1J1O.

rpoG 9 fpo6Hy jaHYDOKpHBaO je :Mm:HBl\B KlUICBI1I CTC­baK KJIecaB Y o6Jnncy~ ca Jl}'6oKOM,~ HlU'JIlUIIl.'>­

80M eronoa, 0c'raQH CIreJIeTa nOKDjEmKa 0TICp1ilBeBH cy Ha

~ 0;1:1 1,20 101, CJID6o;!1HO yrronaHH H 1l0lCp1ilBeBl1l jC;!1HOM

IlIHpOKD.M :MaCHBHOM DQJl)'06.ln!QoM. Yrpo6y BI1Ije 6H1lO npa­JIOl'a, a ycJIe;Q BeOwa c.rr.a6e 0tl}'B8IIOCTIi! JroC'I'IiIjy BI1ICY CC MO­

rJIlil~ II01I H crapocaa ;!106 IlOICOjBl1lKa.

2.S JIo6aB.y IIDlIDjInuca, o~ IIDje cy caqysaac ctxmn!'aqngc,npcMan~H3~~ sajc.wrocaIIllPIlYDlXIIOOIHjy IJI?eBCO je »paAH IlHlpOIIOJIOIIIIlHWIIf3C« 3. KajMRJmBKbYPcny6JmgB:u 3llIIOJ111a .!llllllTm'Y CIIOMCHlIEa EaX YCapajcBy, meMY ce lla CllJt8, ry6H Tpar. Ocrane KOC'IU caxpaILeIIC cy Ha Heanam­

ILCM MeCT}',Ynocc&ro a:nopa1)eBy MIlJIY rpo6By KOMOl'Y, HaJtmjy jeBpaheB crehu. YCBOM IIpB06mBOM IIQlIO)D.jy.

llPKBA CBETOr CTE<I>AHA HA lll'BEIlAH IIClILYIIQIl COKO-I'PA)];OM 155

I'po6 13 I'po6 KOjH je 6HO ymIIall ys3~ IIOpraJI

npmIpaTe06e.nezaBao je creliaK y lW]l)' MaCmmor KaMeuercaB7ij'!Cllca~a aarnameaox CTODOM. Ha,ll)'6mm~ 1,20 M

anqlmleHH cy OCTaIlH nOKOjmool KOjPI je fum C8XpmeH ycaB7ij'Ky o~ ~e6JLHxmmelJHX TaJIIm H DOlt1IOIJJLeH IIIHpOKOMMaCHJmOM nOJIYo6nm:\OM. IIoKOjmuc, M)'IIIKDrnonaDcrapocue~o6H 45-50 ronaaa, 6Hoje no.noJKell aa JIet,mla ca pyra1Mll

npexpunem!MBa~.Y3 cxenercyeal;eoanaaaMOJ$m6poB3aBa~ 'BIjPI ce o6JmB:: ycJIe11 jaxe ICOp03Hje UHjeMoraO 0J«l~.

HaKoH saapmeaax HCTp8JKHBaJL8. rpo6omI cy sarp­mum, a CTehnH BpaheHH na caoja Bexa,n:aIIIILll MecTa.

ColmuaIa HCTpUCHBaILa OKO upKBe CD. Oreq>auaHHcy apmenaT8ICO~ je 0CT8.JI0 HeD03Baro~ JIH je Be­KpOIIOJJa 6HlI8. Reher 06HM8. B ca rpOOoBHMa KOjH BHCy

HMa.lDI:nawpo6Ba 06eJIC)Kja. Y nenocpenao] ommnmHCTpWKeHor XpaMa HHje 6HJIO IlOBp1IIHBCKHX TparoBa

KOjIt: 6H YJC83HBll1IH aa IlOCTOjl1llJe H ,I:q1YrHX 06jeKaTa.

H3Y3eTaK cy npen:CT8.BJD8JIH je;:nmotparoBH jenue Be-­

lie rpa.l}eBHHe, OKO 16 M CCRepHo Oil: uplCBe, KOjH cynpeJlHMHBapBo coHll:HPaHH, aJIH He H y D;CJlOCTH HC­

TplUKeBH. Oraopena je caMO je,D;ml COlma y KOjOj je aaJ:O'6HBH Oil: 1 M OTlCpHBeH yrao rpa1)eBHHe KOja je HMa­

na YKOnaH DOIl:PYM. 3H1l:0BH, ll:efiJLHBe 0,60-0,70 M,

6HJm cy rpa1)eHH JlOM.1l>eBHMICaMeBOM YBenpaBHJIBOM

cnory H nOBe3aHH Kpe'llllHM Ma.JITe]X>M. IIpHfi.JnDlcuaOCHOBa rpal;eBHHe TeXBIAKH je CBHM.1I>eHa aa OCHOBy

DOBpmHHClCHX TparoBa YKOH<lJHrypaInfjlt: TepeHa. Cyne­li.H DO roMe,y IIHI'lllLyjeH3rnen:a6Hm Belie:maJLe 1lpH­

6JnDmHx IJ:HMCH3Hja 20 x 10 M, KOje je Y COOMDOIl:PYM­CKOM ll:eJIY fiHJIO n0ll:eJLeHO na nae HejelJ:BaKenpoeropaje. Man:aBHCy 3a6eJIC3CeBH apxeonomxa H8­JIa3H KOjH 6H nOMDrJIH Il:8ce 6.mDIre 0Il:peJlH BpeMe H.e­

aor HaCTllHK8., Be 6H CCMorna HC.K.JbY'fRTH MOrytiHOCT

Il:8. je 6HlIB. HcroBpeMeBa ca upKBOM, MaIl:8. :&>eBa rI>YHK­D;Hja ocraje aejacaa.

APXEOJIOIIIKIIIIAJIA3HH3 CJlOJA OKO IJ;PKBE

Mel)ypeJIaTHBHO peTICHM: H8JIa3HMa Kepa.MHKe 113

KYJITYPHor cnoja OTlCpHBeHH ynoMItH 6B MOrJDIIl:8. cepaaaperajy y ,D;Be OCHOBBe rpyne, 3a.cT}'I11bCHe y npa­6.mDKHo HCTOM 6pojy. Oil: K}'XHIbCKOr nocyl)a noja­BJ&yje ce caMO THD nOHD;a ca 1l:pIDKOM, pa1)eu on: rJIHHe

ca Il:OIl:8.TKOM CHIHor necxa H YCHI1LCHor Kpe'llb8.Kll.

OncpHBeHH 4JparMeJml IIOTH'IY Oil: 5-6 IJOCYIl:8. OBaraTHIJa. Mel)yTpDe3BOM lCepaloDlKOM pa3JJHKYjy cenocy­

ne ll:oMahe H3pa,D;e B IIpHMepn:H KOjH cy Il:0CDeJIH nommopr 113 HTaJIHjaBClCHX paJlHOHHl.1a. Kao nOKaJIHH

npoH3B01l: H3,D;B0jeHH cy CaMO ynOMItH jelJ:Bor lCp'lara

ca H3JD1BHHKOM, n:pBeue 60je IJe1IeH>8. H ca MaCJIHHa­

CT03CJIeHOM rnasypoa aa CDOJhBOj IlOBp1DHBH. Bmne

_ ~ __4~ _

2 0-

CA. 23. HQJlQ!JU W 1CIllUIllOpcKOIrpo6a (1-2), CalpetlUZffJ (3)P=1:2, U yAOM'iU MajoAUICe (4) W CJWja y3 lifJIC6Y

Fig. 23. Finds from the donor's grave (1-2),a smail arrow (3) R=1:2, fragments ofmajolica (4)from the layer beside the church

CTAPHHAP LVll/2007.

156 MAPKO IIOIIOBMli, CBETJIAHA BYKA,IJ;MlIOBlffi

o 1 2I 1- f

4 Sm! I

rIll

L,...I11

~ICI ' - - - - - - - - '~~

L-...__---.

J

CA. 24. Ilpxea Ceetaot Ctuepaua. OCHOBa u apeceuu ca 3a.M.UULlbeHOM peKOHClllPYK~UjOM

Fig. 24. Church ofSt. Stephan.foundation and cross-sections in an ideal reconstruction

rpparsreaara 'lliHH ,[IeJIOBe jenne Bene nocyne, sepo­Barno 60Ka.JIa, pabenor 0,[1 rrpesamhene rJIHHe, CBe­

TJIOupBeHe 60je nesersa H ca MaCJIHHacTOJKYTOM rna­3ypOM aa CIIOJbHOj IIOBpmHHH, KOjH IIQTHqe H3 nexorcIIeUHjaJIH30BaHOr rpaxapcxor uetrrpa na nonpysjyMTaJIHje. MCTOr IIopeKJIaje neponarao je 6HJIa H 3,[1eJIaca ypeaamea yxpacox 0,[1 xoje je IIpeOCTao cauo jenanrpparsrem. M3 cKYIIHHe yJIOMaKa MajOJIHKe, raxohe 110­

peKJIOM H3HTaJIHjaHcKHX pa,l:\HOHHUa, rrpenosnara cy,[IeJIOBH,[IBa 60KaJIa Hjenner TalbRpa(CJI. 23/4). Ha 60­

Ka.JIHMa MOTHBH y Me,[laJbOHHMa cy 6HJIH lPJIOpaJIHH,CJIHKaHH TaMHOIIJIaBOM, cMel)oM,JKYTOM HrnpKH3 60­

jOM.3a pa3JIHKY 0,[1 J<YXHIbCKe xepasonce, xojy je y CJIY­qajy TaKO Manor ysopicaTemKO rrperraanaje BpeMeHCKH

orrpenara, yJIOMUH HMIIoproBaHHX TplIe3HHX nocynana OCHOBy II03HaTHX ananoraja CaCBHM IIoy3,[1aHO ceMOry ,[IaTOBarn y ztenenaje OKO cpenane 15. BeKa.26

Ha npocropy OKO upxae, KaO H cnojy IIaJbeBHHe ycastoj UpKBH 6HJIO je BeOMa MaJIO MeTaJIHHX HaJIa3a.YrJIaBHOM cy 3aCTYlIJbeHH rn03,[1eHH KJIHHOBH BeJIHqH­

He H3Mel)y 10 H 18 UM. OcHM IbHX, OTKpHBeH je neorn03,[1eHOr JIaHUa KOjH najaepoaarnaje IIQTHqe 0,[1 110­

JIHjeJIeja, KaO H narsxacra neo ca MexaHH3MOM KaTaH­ua, CaCBHM OC06eH HaJIa3 npencraarsa neha rnosnenaCTpeJIHUa Me,l:lHTepaHCKOr THIIa KO,[l xoje ce60~a nepay BH,[Iy nacramorajer perraYMeCTO ca je,l:lHHM aanpmana­jy ca naa npxa (CJI. 23/3). Heyocasajea 06JIHK OBe crpe-

JIHUe, npesraHamHM Ca3HaIbHMa, HeMa 6JIIDK:Hx aHaJIO­raja na nonpysjy 3arra,l:\Hor EaJIKaHa. Cynehn rrpesra

MOryhHM e«peKTHMa nenor nejcraa naje acxrsysenarrpeTIIOCTaBKa na je y IIHTalbY cTPeJIHUa aa JIOB HJIH

npojexrnn HaMelbeH paaasarsy KOlba.27

0,[1 MeTaJIHHX HaJIa3a CHrypHO cy Haj3aHHMJbHBH­ja rrpHJI03H H3KTHTOpCKOr rp06a.28Ty je 0,[1 IIOCe6HOrsnaxaja »KPYHOJIHKH npemrer« pahen 0,[1 ,[Ie6Jber rao­3,[1eHOr JIHMa. Y IIHTalbYje ocsroyraona, roTOBO xpy­)K}llf 06pyq, npeaaaxa OKO 10 UM,KOjH Y roprsea ,[IeJIY

HMa OCaM nnoxacrax IIOJIYKPYJKHO 3aBpmeHHX jesma­xa. Y uenrpy CBaKOr 0,[1 OBHX IIOJIYKPyroBa HaJIa3HJIa ce110 jenna MaJIa KpyJKHa pyrra (CJI. 23/1). 3Haqelbe OBOnpertsrera ocraje aejacno. Mosora 6H ce MOrJIO nper­

IIOCTaBHTH na je y IIHTalbY 6HJIa »apsrarypa« sa TeK­CTHJIHH neo nexe xane HJIH KJI06YKa. ,1J;pyrn HaJIaJ H3rpofia npencraana ,[I06po osyaaao rn03,[1eHO KpecHBOHJIH OrlbHJIO, Y «pOpMH CJIOBa 6ellla, xoje 6H THIIOJIO­mKH MOrJIO onrosapara Cpe,l:\lbeM BeKY, aJIH ce ncra

26 Bikic 2002, 35-46.27 Popovic 1999,256-257.

28 Met;y apxeononnoea HaJIa3HMa KOjH cy HaM OBOM rrpmrn­

KOM 6mrn aa paCIIQlIlII'lIIbY aao6p:my, IIoMeHYTH rpo6HHIIpIDI03Hcy

Hell:OCTajaJIH, re cy CTOra o6pat;eHHaa OCHOBy II0lI:aTaKa H3repeH­

CKe II:0KYMeHTaI:\Hje.

0 1 2 3 4 5mI–I

II–II III–III

158 MAPKO IIOIIOBHli, CBETJIAHA BYKA,JumOBHli

oI

2I

4 5mI I

CA. 25. Ilpsea Ceetaot Cmepaua, uctuouua u jy3tcHa pacaga ca 3aM.UUU&eHOM peKOHC1llpyK~UjOM

Fig. 25. Church ofSt. Stephan, eastern and southern facade in the ideal reconstruction

06.JIHK cpehe CBerto aamax nana, Te ra je, CTOra,TeIIIKO

noysnaao BpeMeHcKH onpenemrra (CJI. 23/3).

* * *

Caoneha pesynrare no KOjHX ce .n:OIIIJIO y TOKY apxeo­

JIOIIIKHX ncxorranarsa, IIITO je narrpen H3JIO)KeHO, MO­

ryhe je y aaaxajaoj MepH carnenarn nonozcaj H nexa­

.n:aIIIIbH H3rJIe.n: upxae CBeTOr Crerpana, a raxohe H

rrpH6JIH)KH0YTBPJJ:HTH spexre neaor HaCTaHKa. MCTPa­

)KeHHxpaa HaJIa3HO ce Y cpenmrrry Illhenaa non-a, y

rrOUHO)Kjy 3aMKa, na npocropy rue ce HaJIa3HJIO nace­

)be y KOMe cy, 6e3 cYMlbe, nocrojana H TaK03BllHH

CrrOJbHH JJ:BOpOBH Be.JIHKOr nojaone Cannana H nero­

nor HaCJIeUHHKa xepuera Crerpana. EHJIa je TOaajse­

ha upxaa nonarayra y 06JIaCTHMa KojHMa je TOKOM 15.

aexa BJIaUaJIa MohHa BJIaCTeOCKa nopomma Kocasa,YKyrrHa ,[Iy)KHHa upxae je H3HOCHJIa npexo 25 M, a ma­

pnna OKO 10 M. Y OqyBaHOM xopnycy rpahenane, ~­ja rrpeocrana 3H.n:OBH noceary H .n:o qernpH M~a BH­

CHHe, MOry ceyo~ TpH OCHOBHe erane rpaheaa, Y 3

UpKBy, HaKHaUHO je norpahena rrpocrpana npanpara,

a rrOTOM ca cenepne CTPaHe H jenaa MalbH napaxmrc

(CJI.24-25).

IIpB06HTHa upxaa 6HJIa je jeUH06poUHa, KpCTO­

06pa3He OCHOBe, ca finaro rrOTKOB~aCTOMarrCH.n:OM

na HCTOKY H60~ rrpanoyraoaaa rreBH~ rrpo­

CTOpHMa. YHYTpaIIllbOCT upxne je ca JJ:Ba rrapa MalbHX

IIHJIaCTapa panrsnaaeaa na TPH rpaneja rrpH6JIH)KH0

jeUHaKHX ,I:\HMeH3Hja.

3H,[IOBH upxne rpahenn cy ca 06a JIHUa MalbHM

rpyfio KJIeCaHHM xaanepasra rsyror xpesnaxa CJIO)Ke­

HHM y penose, Met;y xoje cy paJJ:H nspannanarsa Me­

CTHM~HO y6aUHBllHe nnoxe IIIKpHJbua. YHYTPlUIIIbY

HCrryHy 3H.n:OBa qHHHOje CHTHHjH JIOMJbeHH KaMeH rro­

nesaa ca .n:OCTa fienor xpesnor MaJITepa. ,IJ;eJIOBH 3HJJ:a­

HHX KOHCTPYKUHja KOjH cy 3aXTeBaJIH rrpenasnajyxnecapcxy ofipany, KaKaB je cnysaj ca IIHJIaCTPHMa H

OJITapCKOM nperpanoxr, rpaheaa cy xsanepaaa care.

OJITap, KOjHje 06yXBaTao ancany H HCTO~H TPa­

nej, 6HOje on naoca O.n:eJbeH 3H.n:aHOM OJITapCKOM rrpe­

rpanou, ~jH ce OCHOBHH H3rJIe.n: MO)Ke rrpeTIIOCTaBH­

TH na OCHOBy onora IIITO je OTKpHBeHO. Ha OqyBaHHM

3HJJ:aHHM OCTauHMa jacno ce yosasa rrOJIO)Kaj uapcxax

U:PKBA CBETOf CTEl1>AHA HA III'BEIIAH IIOJbY IIO,ll;COKO-fPA,l];OM 159

nnepa H HeIIITO MalbHX CeBepHHX npara. Cyneha rrpe­Ma aarneny HeIIITO rr03HHJer 3H,[1aHOr HKOHOCTaCa He­,[IaJIeKOr xpana na 3arpal)y,29OJITapCKe nnepa cy MOrJIe

6HTH JIY'lHonpeceenene, a HMaJIe cy H nocefino xneca­He ,[IOBpaTHHKe. IIpecTOHe HKOHe cy MOrJIe 6HTH CMe­IIITeHey onronapajyhe IIJIHTKe name. Y rrOCe6HHM HH­maua ce Morao HaJIa3HTH HrrpeOCTaJIH HKOHorpacPCKHrrporpasr OJITapCKe nperpane. BHCHHa 3H,I:\aHor HKOHO­

craca aajsepoaaraaje naje 6HJIa Malba 0,[1 2,5-3 M. 3a­BpllIHH nenau nan HKOHOCTaCOM, rro caesry cyzteha,6HO je onaj y)KH ca MOTHBOM TOp.rIHpaHOr yscera, 'llIjHcy CBH cPparMeHTH Hal)eHH y nerrocpennoj 6JIH3HHH.Ha BHCHHH 0,[1 OKO 1 M Y onnocy na non, a acrron pan­HHrrpeCTOHJIX HKOHa HaJIa3HO ce HH3 0,[1 aajxaae nerMalbHX KOH30JIa. JIe)KHIIITe jezme 0,[1 OBHX KOH3OJIa,

xao IIITO je Ben pexeao, OTKpHBeHO je y rrpeocranoj3H,I:\HOj MaCH HKOHOCTaca. IIpBa nperrrocraaxa ,[Ia cy yIIHTalbY 6RJIH ,[IeJIOBH rrpOCKHHHTapa, IIITO je 6HJIapanna npemocraaxa y TOKY HCTPa)KHBalba, HHCy rro­TBp,[\HJIe xacnaje aHaJIH3e 06JIHKa KOH30JIa H npyraxnparehax HaJIa3a. Heyotinxajeny nojaay OBHX KOH30­JIa, sa xojy HeMaMO 6JIIDKHX ananoraja, aaje Morynenoysnano 06jacHHTH. Haje HCKJbyqeHo na ce nan 1bH­Ma HaJIa3HJIa npnena Ta6JIa RJIH onronapajyhe xasieaeIIJIoqe na KojHMacy MOrJIe crajara nenasajyhe HKOHe,MOJK,[\a KaH,[\HJIa, csehaana RJIH CJIH'lHO. "thrraBa rro­

npmna 3H,[IaHOr HKOHOCTaca 6HJIa je rrpexpaaeaa aor-

CTAPMHAP LVI1/2007.

BOIIHCOM. Hehesro norpermrra aKO rrpemOCTaBHMO ,I:\a

cy H npecrone HKOHe 6HJIe CJIHKaHe y cPpecKO reXHJI­UH,aa nrra 6H Morao na YKaJKe H noxeayra cPparMeHTca rrpHKa30M ,[IeJIa MacPopHOHa, KOjH 6H onrosapao

EOroP0,I:\H'lllHOM JIHKY.Y ceaepaox 3H,[1y OJITapCKOr rpaneja nocrojane cy

nae npasoyraone name, a y yrrry Y3 HCTO'lHH 3H,[I OCTa­

JIaje osyaana rrpaaanana rpnesa aa rrpOCKOMH,I:\Hjy Y3xojy je nocrojao H rrOJIYKPYJKHO 06JIHKOBaH CJIHBHJIK.Ha CyrrpOTHOM, jyJKHOM 3H,[Iy,Y,[IeJ!Y HaMelbeHOM haxo­HHKODY, OTKpHBeHa je jenna neha npanoyraona namaca rparoxr XOpH30HTaJIHe npnene nperpane, KOja je naj­seposaraaje 6HJIa HaMelbeHa csienrrajy fiorocnyzsfie­HJIX KlbHra. Y cpemmrry OJITapa, qaCHa TPIIe3a je CTa­

jana na cryrmy rpabeaon xsanepaaa care, nan KOjHMce HaJIa3HJIa MaCHBHa KaMeHa IIJIoqa. Ilpen qaCHOM

Tprre30M, H3Ha,[I paBHH nona KOjH je 6HO 0,[1 aarnaxaaorMaJITepa, crajarra je y BH,[Iy crerrenaxa, ,[Ie6Jba cPHHOxnecaaa xasreaa IIJIoqa aa CBeIIITeHocnyJKHTeJba, xojaje ca npemse crpane rrOJIYKPYJKHO 06JIHKOBaHa. Ilon ynaocy je 6HO aa jenan crenenax HH)KH 0,[1 nona y OJITa­py. MaJITepHH non, CJIH'laH OHOMe y OJITapy, nocrojaoje H y nenaanaaa. 3a pa3JIHKY 0,[1 OBHX npocropa yueHTpaJIHOM H 3arra,I:\HOM rpasejy, nocrojao je non 0,[1BehHX KaMeHJIX IIJIoqa 'llIje cy Malbe nonprmme OCTa­

JIeosynane KO,[l noprana Y 3arra,I:\HOM TPaBeJY·o roplbHM, cana rropymeHHM KOHCTpYKUHjaMa up­

KBe, xao H xaxenoj IIJIaCTHI\H xoja je yxpamanana OBOsnaae, 06HJbe nonaraxa npysoora cy HaJIa3H H3myra.BeJIHKa KOJIH'IHHa cnonapa care aahenax y rrpOCTOPynaoca CBe,[lO'lll 0 KOHCTPYKUHjH CBO,[la, ,[10K yJIOMUH

seaaua, KOH30JIa H rrpocPRJIHcaHJIX ,[IeJIOBa nposopanpyscajy MoryhHoCT na ce Y3 nexe XPOHOJIOllIKH H re­pHTOpHjaJIHO 6JIHCKe aaanoraje ,[IOCTa rrOY3,I:\aH0 3aMH­CJIH H3rJIe,[l UeJIHHe onora ,[IeJIa xpasia.

U;pKBa HHje HMaJIa KyrrOJIY Ben cy CBa TPH rpaneja6HJIa cy aacsenena je,I:\HHcTBeHJIM CBO,[lOM 0,[1 TecaHHKa

care, KOjH je, rro cBeMY cyneha, nosanao na rrpHCJIO­IbeHHM nyUHMa.MOJKe ce rrpemOCTaBHTH na je CBO,[l­na KOHCTpYKUHja 6HJIa rorasxor THIIa, rrpenoarseaa y

reMeDY, KaKaB je CJIY'laj y UpKBH MaHacrnpa Conor­HJlUe KO,[l [opaJK,I:\a,30 KaO H HeKHM ,l:IpyrHM MalbHM

XpaMOBHMa rpahemor y 06JIaCTHMa non anamhy Ko­caqa.31 IIpeJIa3 y CBO,[l H3Ha,[l rrpHCJIOlbeHJIX nyxosa

6HO je narnamea rrpOcPRJIHCaHHM BeHUeM, IIITO 6H ce

29 IIOilOBlI!i 2008, 100, ClI. 9.

30 Ma3aJIHh 1940,27-43.

31 1)ypll!i 1970,442-462.

160 MAPKO nonomrs, CBETJIAHA BYKA)l;HHOBH'B

Ca. 26. IIput:AOlbeHU AYK ca )IK)'fllpallUldl.M.BeH~ QlCCOHOMef11pUjcKtl pecrllU11ly~ja

Fig. 26. Pointed arch with an inner wreath, axonometric restitution

CA. 27. IIogcraperuje, aJ<COHOMeTllpUjc:I«l peclllU~ja

Fig. 27. Space beneoth the eaves, axonotrU!tnc restitution

MOrJIO 3aK1J>Y'DfI'HBaOCHOByBaJla3a mmreyJIOMaKa caTpaI'OBHMa 4JpecIco Mamepa, 0 'IcMYje Dcn6KJ1o pe'IH(CJI. 26). Han DeBJJH100fM IIpOCTOpHMa noerojana cymDICH DQII)'06JIHc:laCTH CBOnOBH, ynpaBHH Da DOJlY)KH)'

OCY Qpne. DHIDI cy DOKpHBeIIH ]:lBOCJIHBBHM ICpOB()­

BHM8., KOjH cy ce H8. ceaepaoj H jymlOj 4tacanu: 38.Bp­ill8.BllJDI TpOyraoBHM lI>POBTOHHMa, KaO IDTO je TO 6HOCJIY'l8.j H ca rJIaBHHM CBOAOM aa HCTO"IBOj CTpaHH H3­

Ba,D;wrrapcxe aDCJmC.

Ha OCBOBY OTKpHBeBHX <lJparMeBam WIaCTHKeMOKe ce cacBHM rroyanaao 3aMHCJDITH oco6eu H3rJlC.u:nonerpemja !CpODaIlPKBe CD. CTefll8lla (CJI. 27). Ty jeDOCTOjao HH3 MIllLHX KOH30JI8. HCTe jennOCTaBlIe npo­cjooIa.InIje xoje cy ce MOrJIe BaJlB.3HTH na Me1)yco6mIMPacTOj8.1LHM8. IDMe1)y 0,45 H 0,50 M. Han lMIMa ce HH­

je HaJJa3HO yo6wmjeHH eppH3 apKaJ:lHI18., Ben CaMO

]:lBOCJlOjHH xopmOHTaJIBH npoctnvmcl1llH BeBaU. HanKOB3WIaMa cy, no CBeMY CY,QeliK, npao JIeBalJIe rpe.u;H­ne BeHD;a ca KlICCaBHM yxpaCOM y BH.ll:Y ropnapaaorYJlCCTa, a Ban HdIMa Y APYOOM penY cerMCJrI'H DCHD;a

HCTHX ):nIMCH3Hja H npo<PWIaInlje ca OIDIM Y yuyrpa­lIDLOCTH IlPKBe, Ha DOJlY>ICBHM3H,QOBHMa naoca, OBajTHII DeHD;a KapmcrepHCTH'l8ll aa npo4laBa. CTaMfieDa

3Jl8.IL8., HHje y06wmjeD y caxpannoj apxmeKTYPHcpIICICHX 3eMa.lLll BIlTHy rpanOBHMa janpauCKOr rrpn­Mopja. Y mrrau.y je je,mIa on oc06eBoCTH rpa,IlHTe.lJr

CKHX pemeaa n:pne aa IIThCnaH IIOJbY, mro saxresa.lleraJblllijy aBaJJH3Y. KPOBHH DOlqJllBa'I n:pne 6HO jeOAOJIODa.

Ha aananao] CTpaHH npB06HI'Borxpaaa HaJJa3HOce 3BOHHK oco6eBc KOHCTpyxu:Hje. Crajao je OKO 1 101

HClIpeA sananaor' 3H,Q&., a ca OCHOBIDIM JroPIIYCOM rpa­1)eBHHe fiHO je DODe3aH 3aCBenelDlM IIp01Ill3OM, '!Hje ce'feMe CBOna MOrJIO HaJIa.3lI'm Ha OKO 3,5M H3Han p8.BHHnpara IIOpTIlJI8.. CDH OBH }leJIOBH cy YMel)yc06Hojrpa­

1)eBHH:CKOj Be3H, mro YKA3YjeBajennoBpeMeBY rpa..u:lbY.3BOIDIK je DO'lHBao aa ,QRaMaCHBHa DKJIOHa na KOje je6H0 OCJIOH.eH CRO,Q rpa1)eu CHroMo Cy,QCOHnpeaaeasy­BaHHM OCTa.QHMa IIHIIOHa, TeMe oaora CBO]:la mijeMorJlO6HTH BIDKC on OKO 5 M. 3apll3JlllKY onAOu.e KOHCTp}'K­quje 3Bomnca KOja ce MOJKe ,l{OCTa Ta"IBO 38MHCJIHT.H,

o mrJleJlY ILel'OBHX ropILHX nenOBa HeMa DOY3~8lIHX

DOnaTalC8.. ITo THIIY'1'O je Morao fiHTH CaMO 3BOHHK »Hanpecnauy«, 'IecT YapXHTeK'J'YPHjanp8llCKOr npHMopjaH cyce]:lBHX 06JIacTH. IToCBeM}' cy~ehH fiHO je Ma.CHB­

HeKOBC'I'YKQHje ca MecmMll sa TpH 3BOBa IlOCTaBJIJCHay ]:lB8 HHBOa. ITpemOCTaBJIJCDa BHCHH8. OROI' 3BOBHKajeMOrna 6HTH IDMel)y 13H 15 M. Cy,QchH npessa n03Ba­

TUM aHaJIO~aMa, JLeroB8 KOHC'l'IJYKD;Hja je, sepoaar­HO, no BHCHHH 6HJIa pac>DWLCHa ca je.u;mwKJIH DHIDe

DOneoHHX nenana, Y TOM CMHCJIY MorJlO fiH cenpemo­CTamrrH na HeKH on OTKpHBeHHX YJlOMaKa IIJIaCTHKeIIO'l'H'IY ynpaso ca OBHX neaana.

Ha yJIa3Y YH8.0C HaJJa3HO ce nopran Hey06H'1aje­IDIX JnlMeB3Hja, JDHPHHe 0,84 M, a BHCHBe OKO 2,20 M.HMao je Benpo<lnvmcaHH paDHO lOIecaHH 0KBHp OAMeKOr nemsapa, ca .Inla xpaha, XOpH30HraJIBO yrpa1)e­na, H OCTllJlHM DeprHK8JIHO CJIOJKeBHM~OBpaTBIfUHMa.

:QPICBA CBETOf C1'El:1>AHA HA IIl'BEIIAH rrOJLY rrD,J:l COI<o-rP~OM 161

oI

CJL 28.lIopflJaAHaOCa, OCH06a, USL1eg Ie apecefC

Fig. 28. Portal ofthe naos, the foundation, appearance and cross-section

Cy~eliHnpeaa JIeJKHDITHMa sa OCOBHBe spara KOje eyo'i}'Balle y npary HHllJnIpaTHHKY, nopran je 6Ho 3aTBa­palI,I:UlOlCpHlIIIHM Bpa'l'HHnaMa (CJI. 28).

IloJIOJKlljH H H3I'JIe~ npoaopa npB06HI'Be :QPKBeMOIY eeI'OTOBO eaCBHM noy3,QaHo o):qlC~ npeMA ca­'i)'BaHHM TpaI'OBHMa H8. npeoCTaJDIM ]1eJIOBHMa 3lIJlO­

Ba,:KaO HHaJIa3HMa onronapajyhe KaMeBe DJIaCTJflCe.

fJlaBHH npooop, oco6eH ITO CBOMe ofiJIHKy, B8JJB.3HO ceYTeMeuy aDCH;llC. I!IM:ao je B8JlIIP030pBHK JIPo4oonrcaByB~ncey~OTpH<lJope eaBHCeIiHM JIYKOBHMa KOjH ceMel;yc06HO ~onHPyjy, mro je HCKJ&yqHBaJlO IIOCTOja­

HlC IWne<lHHX C'I)'61dia (CJI. 10). 3a pa3JDIKY O]1:Btl,IlI1pO­

30pHHKa }'KpanIeHOr KIlecaBHM MOT.HBHMa »mroKe« H

»JnljaMallI'CKOr BH3a«, 0 '!eMY je Ben 6Hn:0 pe'DI, BeMaHH.r~m:urja ]la cy H OKBHpH OBOra rrposopa, mapoxorCBeI'8. OKO0,45 M, HMaJIH II1I8.C'I'H'mH }'Kpac. IIpe 6HceMOrJIO JIPeTIlOCTaBHTH ~a cy TO 6HJIH je~OCTaBBH.,

paBBo KJIecaHH 6JmKOBH.

Ha neBHHQaMa cy O'i}'B&BH OCTanH M8lbHX npaao­yraoHHX npo3Opa cKpOMBHje npo~KllaInlje, OnBOCBOpaaao K1IecaHHX oKBHpa ca opBaMeHTOM o6JIorurrana

CI'APHHAPLVIIf2OO7.

;llyJK YJlYTPamu.er py6a (CJI. 1113). Ilopen OBICt, aaoc:QPKBe 6HO je OCBeTJ1>CH ca jom ,I:Ula npoaopa "JHjH ceBeKlll1I'U11bM IlOJIOJKllj YOKBHpY cesepaor Hjymlor 3H­;lla sananaor rpaaeja, KaO H o6JmK, MaryO~~H8.

OCHOBY HaJIa3a JLHXOBICt xnecanax ;QeKOpaTHBHO 06­JIHKOBllIDIX YJIOMaICa O'l1CpHBemIX Y myry. Y IIHTalLycy 6KlD1 je~o]1eJIHH IIp03OpH, ca mm:a mHpHHe OKO0,40 M xojH ey HMaJIH pasno o6pa.ljeHe ]1onpo30pBHKeH B8JlIIP030pBHKca IIpeJIOMJLeBHM IIIKlL8.THMJIYKOM H

WIaCTIf1IHOM ~eKOpanu:joM K1IecallOM y 1JYXY roT.HKe.

Cy;lleDH npeaa OTKpHBeBHM ~lll'MeBIHMa.06a npo­sopa cy 6HJIa je~llKO 06pal;eHa ca pen.eclumM }'Kpa­

COM ».QHjaMaHrcKOr HH3a« H CTHJDI.3OBaHHM I18JIMeTa­

Ma (CJI. 11/4 H 12).Y )'B)"I'paDDLOCT naoca, )'3 jymIH~ aanarmor

rpaseja, no mro je Ben HCTaJeHYTO, H8.JIa3H0 ce rpo6Jcr'HTOpa JlPICBC CBeTOrCTe<l>aua, BeJIHKOraojsoneCan­]18.1L8. Xpa.mdia. EHrro je TO Mecro Tp8JlHltHOBllJIHO HR­MeH>eHO 38. caxpaae lCl1iTOpa npeM8. o6H'1lljy, HJIH 60Jbepeseao IIpaBH1lY, KOje je CTQIIeliHMa IIpalCDIKOBaBO y3eM1baMa BH3lU1D1jCKOr npaBOCJI8BHOI'CBeTa Hn0ce6HO

162 MAPKO nonomrn, CBET.JIAHA BYICA,J:1HHOBH1i

CA. 29. I'po61CfllUfllopa, aKCOHOMerapujaca peclllUrllJl4Uja

Fig. 29. Donor's grave, axonometric restitution

)10CJIe]lH0 nomTOBaHO Y cpRClCHM 3eMJJ.aMa.32 BojBo­

mm rpo6, o6e.II~H CTehKoM Y Blf,I:ij' MaCHBBor BH­CKOr caJ1,Iij'K8. aa noCTaMeBTY, 6HO je npHIlpCMlbeH jomy BpeMe rpaljeJbau:pne. Ooaj BeJDIKH MOHOJIHl' 0)1 om

2,5 TOBe, TeIIIKO ce Morao~o yaeTH Y xpaa,Hehesro norpemara am npem:OCTaBHMO ;r:l;a je y TOK)'

3H)laILa J1PKBe IIpBo ymna:Ba rpOOHa KOMOpa rpaljeHa

0)1 MacHBBX1t,PBelDfX 06JIHQR, a llOTOM H&)lH.oMIIOCT8.­

BJbeHerehax (CJI. 29). IIoMepl1ll>e osora CTeIiKa npHlIH­

KOMKaCBHje caxpaue, InTO 6HYOrplUlH'reBOM npocro­Py :u:pKBe npeJ:lCTaBJb8JlO TeIIIKO OCTBapHB DO;r:l;}'XB&T,

BepoBaTBO je 6HJ1o H36emyro.Caxpaaa je MOI'JIa 6HmmBpmeBa YJCOnoM nopen erebxa H yaOIIIeILeM nOKOj­

BHK8. y rpo6ByKOMOpy ca lLeHe cenepne6o'lBeCTp8He.Ha HCTH Ba'DIH cy )10 rpOOHe KOMOpe )10CDeJIH H no­

3BHjH Wba'DWDH rpo6a. IIoCMaTpaH y U:eJJHHH, KTH­

TOpCKH rpo6 y npKBH CD. Cre$wa npencraarsa BeOMa

pe'lHTO CBC)lO'IaBCTBO 0 XTeHrHMa H BCpoBaH>HMa KTH­

Tapa. Y3 HOC)'MJLHBO JIOKaJIHO 06eJIeJKje, InTO je nper­CTaBJL8.0 II8JlI'P06HH CllOMeHHK y~ erehsa, CBe

OCTaJIe ILeI'OBe ownnee ynyhyjy Ha CTRpHje Y30pe ca

nonpysja cpncmx 3eMa.1L8..

0cHM rpo6a KTHTOpa, y Hooey je 6HJ10 jom rpo6­BHX ymDa. Haaanocr,~ y}'llY'I'p8lllHlxpaMa HcnO)1 paBHH DO~apmeaa cy CaMO MeCTHMH'I­

DO H TO )10 )ly6HHe 0)1 csera 0,40-0,60 M, Te ce y TOM

CMHCJIY Depacrronaae ~OBO.lLBHM nO]lallHMR. IIpHlIH­

KOM Hc:mnaoa.u.arpo6a IcrIf.I'Op8., no nrroje BehHCTaK-

uyro, yosena je ~aJLe llpeMa HCTOK)' jom je)lBa rpOOHa

KOBCTpYKUHja, KOjaje OCTllJDl BeHCTplUICeBa. TaxoljeKa

ceoepaOM 3H,!JY Ba0C4 OTKpHBeD je jenaa MlUbH »npe­BplIYTH CTeIi.ax ca ;r:l;e~er rpOOU:: KaKO cy TO 3a6eJre­3CHJD[ HC'I'p8JIQIBa'IH y,I:{Bemoocy panoea.

Hcnpe~ IIpBo6Hmor xpaaa y jenno] noanajoj <lJa­3H, DO CBeM)' CY)lehKBpeMeHCICH BCOMa 6JIHc:mj, norpa­

1)eua je IJPOCTP8.Ba IlpHIIpRTa rrpaaoyraone OCHOBe,

yuyTp8IIIIbHX nHMeBsHja 8,80 x 7,50 M. Y IbeH HCTO'I­

BH 3~ YKJIOWI>eBH cy IDIJIOBH cy6cTpyKn:Hje 3B0BHK.ll.,

mro jeH3r~YCJIOBHJlO H 3BaTBO Beliy~OBO­

ra y onaocy Ba OCTaJIC 3H)lOBC IIpHIIpaTe (CJI. 30). Pa3­JIOI'e OBe nojaBe MO)l()la fiH BaJLa.1IO npoTyMa"IHTH Te­

mLOM ~a ce ojaxajy 60'IBeerpane 3BOHHKa. Ha TO fiH

MOfJDI ~a YJC&1ICY HHCKH npo~UH HCTO'lBOf 3H)la

mil ceaepoaerosaor H jyroacrosaor ynna npanpare,mjH )1eJIYjy KaO HeKa BpCTa KOHTpa<tx>pa. 3H;I:lOBH )10­

rpa1)eHe npanpare CBOjHM OnyCOM Be pa.3JJHICYjy ce6muo 0)1 OlDfXnpoo6H'lHe IqllCBe, OCHM InTO cy rpa1)e­BlI uenrroMllILHM nWIYo6pa1)eHHM6JImroBHMa ICaMCHa.

M.rra1)a nparrparaBBje6HJ1a sacaeneaa, InTO ce MOrno31lKJJ>}"DlTH aa OCBORY aHaJIH3e 0'l}'BllBHX 3H)lOBa., IC8.O

H HaJIa3a m myra. HMana je, no CBeMY CY/lCliH, pasayCTpOnHY KOBCTpyKllHjy ocnoaeay aa MaCHBHe rpene

32 Popovic 2006 a, 99-130; nOIIOBHli,;IJ;. 1992, 165-187.

uPKBA CBETOf CTEcJ>AHA HA III'BEIIAH IIOJLYIIO.n: COKo-fP~OM 163

CA. 30. QpKfUl C8efllor Cr1letjH»ul, upuIlpaIlla ca saIlagHOM rjJacagoM., uocse getr.UM.WCHe 06H0Be (rjxJ1llo 1973. r.)

Fig. 30. Church ofSt. Steplum, narthexwith the weaternfacade,afterpartial reconstruction (photo 1973)

KOje cy JIeJKa.1Ie ua KOm01IaMa AYJK ceaepnor HjyJKHor3Hfla. ODeKOm01Ie 6HTI1o ce pa3JIHKYjy o~ OBHX lCOjecy OTKpHBeBe y myry npBo6lrme npxae, JCalCO coojmd:Bebmr ]lHMeH3Hj8.M8. TaKO H IIJI8.C'I'H'III yxpaCOM

(CJI.31).

Y 0KBlIpY OTKplfBeBHX :nmoBa IIpHIlpD.Te aanaaece OCTaD:H TpH noprana, ca3~, ceaepae Hj)')KBecrpaae, 'BIjH cy OKBKpH HMaJIH~YJCP8C.I'naa­HH, 3B.IIB.,QIDI nopran, DIHpHBe 1,55 M, npeocrao je ca­Me .r.o BHCHBe MalLe O~ jewror Metpa. HMa ca'l}'BllBnpar in situ KaO H nenoae ):(OBpa'1"BHJC8. ca peJLe$loM

):(eKOpaIlHjOM (CJI. 32 H 1413). Y npary, 'BIjaje CllOJLHa

HBHI(a noBHIIIeB8., nanaae ce~ JIeJICHIIlT8. BeprK­

lOlJIBHX OCOBHBa ):lBOKpHIIHHX Bpa'lmlI18. H):lBa e.mmco­

H,ZUIay~ sa manose, ,IJ;oBpaTIDIUH Heje,l:lBaKeIIIHplIHe HMaJIH cy KIrecaHH YKpaC KDjHnonce1ia aa je,D;­

HOCTaBHHjy BapHjamy MopaBCKOr npennera. 0 H3rJIe­

11Y ropaax ):(eJIOBa noprana BCMa no}'3):(8HHX rparoaa.~ ,D;oBpa11lHUHPda je CHrYPBO erajana apXHTpaBHa

rpena, uajBePOBaTBHje Ha)J;BmDeHa IIOJIYKPY1lmOM JIY­HeroM. MWire ce npemocTaBHTH, cyI:1ebH npeua MeeT)'H8.JI8.38., ):(a YJlOMllH YKPameHH pe.rr.e4mM: CIIHpaJIaMaDO'l'H'I)' ca Ha):(Bpa'1"BHJC8. oaor IIOpTllJI8..

Eo'IHH YJI83H YBpeMe rpal)eu.a IIpHIlpD.Te 6H11H cyHCTHX ]lHMeH3Hja KaO H lI>eB 3B.IIB.,QIDI nopran, Meljy-

CfAPHHAP LVW2007.

THM,H~O,npe yrpaljHBaJLa KaMelDlX ~OBpaTHH­

Ka, 06a OBa yJIaaa cy ca caoje sanarme 6o'DIe CTpaueCYJ1reH8. 38. no 0,50 M. HeKa~ ceaepna YJI83 YnpHDpa'IY YBeJDIKOj je MepH nopymea, Te CTOra u.eroB

pe.n.e4lHH YJCPaC HHjeca"IYBaH in situ. M01ke ce ):(OCTa

noysnaao npeTIIOCTllBlfI'H, K8.O IDTO je seli. peseao, naTpH yJIOMKa yxpameHa BeprKKllJlllHM ltllBeJIYP&M&,ualjeHa y aerrocpenao]6.1IH3HBH, IIpenc'I'llBJb8.jy ):(eJIO­Be ,D;OBpaTHHlCa oeor DOpT8JUl. Mo~ 6B ce H je,QaB

KOM~ BeDD;a CJlH'me nporlumauuje Morao IIpHDHcaTH

mmupaTHHKY HCTOr DopT8JUl.

Haj6o.rr.e O1IYBaB OCTao je jy:aam: noPTaJI, DmpHHe

1,13 M, lCOjH je y jenuoj O):l D03HHjHx erana BCHB0T8.

xpaMa 118.KE1a):(H0 aa3H;1laH (CJI. 33 H 13).DHOje Ha):lBH­

mea IlWl}'Kp)']KBOMJIYBeTOM B HMaO je, no mro je:seDpeseao,6oraTOnpo<PHJlHcaHe /l:OBpaTBHKe ca K1lecaHHM

OpHaMeBI'OM tpaKa YBImY TOp.IUIpaBor}"IreTa H3Meljy

KOjHx ce BaJI83HO MO'IHB »jajaCTOr mrana«. OCTaTKeaanspame rpene oaora nopraJIa TeDIKO je npeno3Ha­

'I'll Meljy OTKpHBeHHM YJIOMl1HMa K8.MeBe IDIaCTHJCe H3myra AYJKj)')KBor:nma npanpare, Jeromoce He6u MO­rJIa HCIClLytnmI MOryhuoCT, KaO mro je TO aeh HCTaK­

uyro, Jl8. cy ):lBa IIJIHTKa~, 'DIjH cy yJlOM­JlH Hal:)eHH y nerrocpenaoj 6JnrnmH, MO)lC):(a erajaza

Ba.Qu.eroBHM Il:OBpaTHlfUHMl..

164 MAPKOnonomra, CBETJIAHA BYKA,IUtHOBKB.

CII. 31. C1IlpoflHa KOHC11lpyIC1{Uja ca KOH!JO./UlMtl y llpUllpafllU,

WCCOHOMeIllpUjc:Jca pecTllU1llyI¥lja

Fig. 31. CeiUng structure withconsoles in the narthex, axonometric restitution

o IIOJIOJI(8.jy npoaopa IIpHIIpaTe TOKOM HcrpaBCH­

BalLa Bllje ce nomm no noy3;O:llBHX IIO;u:aTaKa. MOlEece CaMO npeTIlOCTaBHTH ;u:a cy Da 6o'IBHM 3H;ItOBHMa

nocrojana jeADo;o:emm: IIp03OpH, 110 je;u:aH HJDI ;u:ua caCBaKe crpane, CJDI'DDI MOB$paMa ca 31lI11ijl110r orpa­aeja, HllJI83H yJIOMa1C8. Hannpo3opBHKl1. je;n;He MOBo­c}lope ca 6cPnrnM rrepclx>paIlHjaMa Y mr;u:y lIeTBOpwm­

CTa, Ha.l:)eHH y myry IDMe1)y ceRepoHCTO'IHOr yrJI8. Hcesepaor noprana IIpHIIpaTe, )'K83Yjy aa H>eB0 MorylieMeCTO Y0KBHpY TO!' ;u:e;m. ceaepaor 3H,;u:a. YJlOMInl Ha;o:­IIp03opBHKl1. ;u:pyre aenrro CKpOMHHje )'KpaIIIeHe MOHO­c}lope, Ba1)eBH TaKOl;e ca cesepae erpaae, M()J1(,Q8. Ta­

:ml;e IlOTH'IY ca 3H;Qa npanpare, ami BHje HClCJh}"1CB8.

HH MOIYliuOCT ;u:a ce P&.lnl 0 IIp030py ceaepaor napa­KJlHca. ,ll;e:mpaInljHnposopa RepoRaTHO O~Bapajy HHeICH;u:pyrH YJlOMllH IIJl8.CTHKe, aJIH ce lLHXOB HeKa;u:a­IIIlLHmrJIe;o:no lUI IIOIIrnKaj HeMOl')' 6mDKe 0;u:pe;u:m'H.Cy;o:elm npeua Ha.lI8.3Y je;n;Hor MaILeI' nonysamerenaOTICpHBeuor Be;u:aJIeKO 0;0: jyrosananaor yrJI8. rrpanpa­Te MOrJIO 6H ce DaCJI)'THTH;o:a ce y 0KBHpY H>eBor 3a­nanaor 3H,;u:aBaJla3Hlla Hen 6Hc}lopa. HMajy1iH YBImYMOryhH nWlOJKllj pasae crponae KOBC'1'pyKlU'Ije, npo­30p Y 06mucy6Hc}lope HHjece Morao B8JI8.3HTH m:aa;u:1IOpTll.lI8., sen 6H cenpe MorJIO :npemocT8BHIH IIOCTOja­a.e~ 6Hc}lopua nposopa ca 60'IIIHX crpaua rJI8.BBorYJla3a y npanpary,

IIo;o;YyuyrpamILOCTH IIpHIIpaTe HHje ca'I)'BaH, 8.JIH

cy;n;elm npeMa HaJIa3lIM8. YJlOMa1C8. m myra MOrJIO 6Hce 3aKJLY'DfDI;u:a cy ra 'lHlDlJIe06pa1)eue KaMelIe IVIo­'Ie nemro MaIE>HX ;n;HMemHja 0;0: OIDIX m naoca JlPKBe.lbmo HeDO;o; paBBH nona BHje HCTplUKHBau, aJIH no­CTOje ;O:OCTa nOY3JllUle HHJlHQHje ;u:a je H y rrpoeropy

IIpHIIpaTe BplIIeBO c&XpaIbHBalI>C. Ha TO 6H}'IGl.3HBaJIH~ YJlOMUH :mjH IIOTH'IY 0;0: TpHno 'IerKpH

MaIL8. crehxa,0cHM npanpare, Y3 IIpB06HTBY rqumy YOllena je

jomjenaa B8lCH~;n;orpaJ:lIL8..Ca neae ceaepne crpa­He,Y3 38.II9.)];DH rpaae] H60'1HY CTpaHy IIeBBHI(e norpa­1)eH je napaxnac, O;n;HOCBO MaIL8. rpo6Ba KalIeJ18. ;n;H­

MeB3Hja 2,89 x 2,26 M. YJIa3 Yoaaj n03BHjH anexc, 0;0:KOra je npeoerao npar Hje;o:a:a paaao KJlecaHH aenpo­~;u:oBpa'I1DlK,KOjH ceno BpC'llI KaMeB8. HBa'IH­BY06~ Be Pll3JDIKYjy 0;0: noprana IIpBo6HTBe npKBe,

HaJIa3H0 ce IIpHCJlOlbell Y3H.eH cnOJ&HH ceaeposanan­UK yrao. 31mOBH napaxnaca, ;o:e6JJ.Hac 0,50 M, 3HaTHOcy CJI8.6Hje rpa1)eHH H J10Imljc yreMCJI>CHH 0;0: OCT8.JlHX

;O:eJIOBa xpaMa H,no CBeMY~hH,BHcyMorJIH BOCHTH

CBO]lB}' KOJICTPYlCUlljy. Y cpe;u:mrny OBe rpOOHe JWIeJIe

HeKll,ll;a ce HaJIa3H0 Belm CTeDaK 0;0; xora cy npeoera­JIH CaMO yJIOMllH. 3BallajHo je 38.118J1al1Le HCTpUCHBa­'Ia;u:a cy OBHYJlOMItH OTKpHBeHH YpaBBHHe~

1IO;u:a, HenO;O: BHCOKHX HaCJI8.ra myra, nrro 6HYJC83lIBa­JlO ;u:a je CTeDaK pa36HjeB H rpo6 :mjH ce non lbHM aa­JIa3HO OCKplI8BJbCB npe Hero mro je sanosero pyme­Hoe D:pne.

UeJ18. yuyrpaIIIIbOCT XpaMa CB. Cre4wla 6H1Ia je)'KpaIIICHa 4JpecKaMa. Ilocra CHTBIIX 4Jpar'MCHaTa JIGI­

BODHCa OTKpHBeBO je Y JIIY'IY HTO BC CaMO npB06HTI1Cu:pKBe sen Hnpanpare, :mo H cesepnerpo6Be JWIeJIe.

Y0'IeB0 je ;u:a cy CBH HCTOI' lCBaJIHTeT8., cmncaBH DaMaJITepy je;n;HaKe CTp)'lCI'ype nrro BaBO]lII Ba 3aKJLyqaK;o:a je ocmncaBaJLe 06llBJLel10 YjeADOM BaBpaT)', DOCJIemBe;o;eBHX norpa;n;lLH. Ha OTKpHBelDlM 4JparMemHMa,no nrro je BenHCTlllCllYTO, yrJlaBHOM ce MOrynpeno-

IlPKBACBElOr CTElI>AHA HA III'REIIAH rrQ]}3 rrOJl COKQ-rPA;:lOM 165

oI

CA.32. 3a1lagHU aoplllaA upuIlpaIlle, 0CH06D. U U3fJfeg

Fig. 32. Western portalofthe narthex,foundationand appearance

:maTH TaMHOIIJIaBe II03~e Be1C8.romnLHX lCOMlI03H­UKjaH OOpAYPC CJIHJCaHe ItHHo6epoM. Ha BHDIe rppar­MeB8.Ta ca'I}'B8.HH cy ~OBH, 0J1BOCBOnoje~ CJIOBaCpnCICHX hHpHJICICHX carnarypa. Ha BlODe lWarMeIl8.­Ta, KOjH 6H MOrJDI nOTlfD;aTH ca opeoJIa HJIH ~OBa

o,o:eJK,IUoI, yo~elDl cy Tp8l'OBK 3JlaTHllX JBIC'l'Idia IBID 6K}'Ka3KBa110 88. 60r8.TCTBO K penpe3eHTllTHBHOCT cPpe­caxa KOje cy xpacane ~>K6HHY De.1IHK01" BojBo,o:eCaH,J::UlJI>a Xpamdia. OCTaUH ca TparoBHMa HHJCapBaTa

HJIH BelCKX ;rteTaJL8. lCOjK 6H noMOrJDI 6JnDIreM CTHJI­

ClCOM o]q)et)elLyHeKaJtamJLeI' JKHBOIDIC8. 6HJ1H cy H3Y­3eTHO peTICH.Ty je 0):1 rrocednor 3Ha'laja ):leO rnaae caKOBpI.J8.M8. KOCe KOje YJC1l3yjy na CTHJI H MOryhenope­lCJIO cmncapa.., 0 ~eMY he nane 6HTH pe'DL HI. OTICpK­

BeHHM ,!J;eJlOBHMa ~ODa. casyaaao je BeaMa M8J1O no­BpmKHD. ca OCTllIUDDl:x0m0nKC8.. To cy yrJIaBBOM noae

30He CJIHIC8.lIor COKJI8.. YomapcKOM npoeropy npeo­CT8.JDf cy TparoBK CJDDC.aBe .o:panepKje. Y lIHTaILy je'IecT K BeoMa crap MOTHB Y XpKIIdiaHCKOj YMeTHOCTHea eltM60JDrnmM 3lI8.'1eJLeM, y OBOM cnyomjy H3,llBaja­IL8. OJITapa no Be6eclce erpepe, 0,0: oeranor nena xpa­Ma.33 31. pa3JDIKY 0):1 OJITapa y neomm:8.M8. K na yJlll3yy IIpHIIp8.TY COKJI je CJIHK8.H no HMHT8.ItHja MepMepHeOIJJIaTe ca HllKpyCT8.IlHj8.Ma. Jenmm):1eT8JL KOMlI03K­

UKje ca cPpameHTOM cPKrYPe cseror p8.THHKa, OTKpH­BeH B8. jyJKHoj CTpllBH nponaaa, O.o:aOCHO BecTH6yJlaH3Met;y:aaoc8. H nparrpare, HaBO.!nl H8. 3ll101l}"lllK,!J;8. eyce H lIpBoj 30BH 3CHBOnKca npKBe, no IBID je TO H yo­6H':1ajeIlo, B8.JI8.3HJIC crojehe rpu:rype CBeTH'I'CJL8.. Hanrpo6oM Be.1IHK01" Bojoo,o:e CaHJ:llUL8. B8. j)'3BOM 3HAY

CTAPHHAP LVf1l2007.

oI

CA. 33. J'Y'fCHU aop1llQ.A apuIlparIJe, OCH06a UU3rAeg

Fig. 33. Southern portal ofthe narthex,fountlation and appearance

38.n8.J1B0r TpaBeja BepoBaTHO ce H8.JI8.3H1I8. rrHTOpcKa

KOMII03HQHja.IIpe rroxymaja rrpeuu:mHjer ):18.TOBaH.8. UpKBe CD.

Cn$uIa K cyxnecHBBHX ,!J;orpll,Il;lbH I1O'l'pe6BO je p8.3­MOTpHTH nopeicro aeae 8.pxIl'l'CIcr}'pe, CTHJICKe oWlHKCKaMeBe nn8.CTIf:Ke K OCTaTaKa JKHBOIDIC8.. TaKOl)e, na­

CTOja1ieMO ,!J;8. ,o:CTaJDBKje P8.3jacHHMO 4Jymanfjy ODor3HaMeHHroI' xp8.Ma H npomoareM0 Y HaMepe Imrl'Op8.

KOje cy nperot0):1HlIC ILeI'OOOM no)J;H38.ILY.O6JnnroM CBOje OCBOBeje):1l106po):1Hor xpaManone­

JLeHOr na TpH TpaBeja ca npaooyraoBIIM neollH'DCHM

npoCT0pHM8. upICB&CR. Cn$uIa B8.CT8.BJL8. Tpll):1HIlH­

je crapajer p8.IlIKOr rpll,ltll'l'eJJ.C, mro je y pa3,o:o6JI.yy KOMe aacraje rrpe):1CTaB1bllJ10 3H8.'1ajuy HOBHuy. YCp6HjH noCJIe,IU&HX ):1enelDlja 14. H n~eTK8. 15. sexa

33 ~enromrllllltPJIH 2005, 102-103.

166 MAPKO IlOIlOBIffi, CBETJIAHA BYKA,I1;:IiHOBHli

,l:\OMHHaHTHH IlJIaH upxae 6HO je TPHKOHXOC 3aCHOBaHna cseroropcxmr Y30pHMa. Onnyxa KTHTOpa, Be.JIHKOr

aojsone Caanan,a, ,l:\a CBOjOj 3a,l:lyJK6HHH ,l:\a 06Jll1'1jecrapnjer paIIIKOr nacneha, y BpeMeHHMa xana cy cprr­CKe 3eMJbe 6HJIe paajemnsene H H3JIo*eHe rrpHTHCUH­Ma CrrOJbHHX nenpajarena, HMaJIa je 6e3cYMIbe ,l:Iy6Jbeaaaxeae. Ocnaaaaev na crapnje rpamntaje, IIITO ceorzrena H y xpasrosaoj rrOCBeTH CB. Crerpany, noxpo­BHTeJbY npacaseH ,l:\HHaCTHje HeMa1bHha,34 KTHTOp jeHCKa3HBaO re)KJby xa jaqeM yreMeJbelby csoje BJIaCTH y

06JIaCTHMa xoje cy y npenxonaosr pa3,l:\06JbY 6HJIe neocpncxe npacase. IIo,l:\H3a1beM 3a,l:1yJK6HHe H aanrpotiaorxpaua HaMelbeHOr CBOM Be~OM noxojy Cannan, ceCBpCTaBaO Y3 csoje npenxomraxe, cpncxe ananape H

BeJIMo*e. To rroxasyje H H360p TPa,l:\HUHOHaJIHOr rro­.noacaja sa MecTO caxpane Y3 jy)KHH3H,[\ sananaor TPa­neja, xao H sa )KHBOTa npanpesoseno rp06HO MecTO.

3HaqajHY YJIOry H Ba)KaH Y30P Y THM XrelbHMa, KaOIIITO je TO ,[IaBHO yoxao rrporp, B. J. 1)ypHn, HMaoje Ma­HacTHP MHJIemeBa, KOjH je TOKOM rrpae rrOJIOBHHe 15.nexa, CBe,l:\O TYPCKHX ocsajaaa, 6HO y o6JIaCTH non BJIa­mhy BeJIHKOr nojaone Caanarsa H aeronor HaCJIe,l:lHHKaxepuera CreepaHa.35 OBO 3HaMeHHTO CBeTHJIHmTe carp060M CB. Cane 6HJIO je rrpaBOCJIaBHO ,l:\YX0BHO cpe­,l:\HIIlTe npacane Kocasa, IIITO je HCKa3aHO H y THTYJIHCaanarsesor HaCJIe,l:lHHKa - »xepnera on CB. Cane«.

3H,l:\aHH HKOHOCTac npencraarsa raxohe saaxajaynojasy npa paasrarparsy~Houa KOjH cy yranana na06JIHKOBalbe Caanarseae 3a,l:ly*6HHe. Onaj THIIOJITap­

CKe nperpane naje KaPaKTePH~aHsapaIIIKennanap­CKe 3a,l:lyJK6HHe, aJIH ce janrsa y MalbHM BJIaCTeOCKHMXpaMOBHMa rpahemor TOKOM 14. aexa, He paaaarpajy­

hH CBe aaanorae rrpasrepe KOjH cy MOrJIH rrocJIY)KHTHxao Y30P rpamrrenaeaa npxae CB.Crerpaaa, rrOMeHHMO

CaMO MaHacTHP Kpymeno y IIO,l:\pHlbY, cana ,D;06PYH,36rne je CBe no peKOHCTPYKUHje OBe MaHaCTHpcKe upxaexpajeu 19. aexa rrocrojana cmoma OJITapCKa rrperpa­,[Ia. Ca npyre crpane, 3H,[\aHH HKOHOCTac y xpasry BOj­

BO,l:\e CaH,l:\aJba 6e3 CYMlbe je yrnuao Ha rpa,l:lHTeJbe 3a­,l:Iy*6HHa lberoBor HaCJIe,l:\HHKa, y CorrOTHHUH KO,l:\rop~37 H Ha 3arpal)y, me cy TaKol)errocTOjaJIe 3H­

,[IaHe OJITapCKe rrperpa,l:\e.3a pa3JIHKY O,l:\ OCHOBHe H,l:\eje H IIJIaHa upKBeyre­

Me.JbeHHX Ha pamKHM TPa,l:\HUHjaMa O,[\JIHKe IbeHeapXH­

reKTYPe rroKa3yjy H,l:Ipyreyrnuaje. Ty je O,l:\ rrpecY,l:\Hor3Haqaja 6HJIO aHra)KOBalbe rpa,l:\HTeJba, KOjH cy, 003

cYMlbe, rrOTHUaJIH ca IIpHMopja, mTO je HamJIO CBora0,l:lpa3a KaKO y KOHCTPYKTHBHHM pemelbHMaTaKO H,l:\e­KopaTHBHoj IIJIaCTHUH. Ha~H rpal)elba 3H,l:\OBa HrrpernoCTaBJbeHH 06JIHK I'OTII'IKor CBO,[la, CJllI'IaHOHO­

Me H3CorrOTHHUe, HMajy cBoje Y30pey rpa,l:\HTeJbCTBy

,D;y6poBHHKa H rrpHMOpCKHX 06JIaCTH. M30CTaHaK KY­none nan ueHTPaJIHHM rpasejou, xapaxrepacraane aapannco rpa,l:\HTeJbCTBO, MO)K,l:la 6H ce Momo aajnaxmenporyaaxara ~HHUOMna TaKBa BpCTa KOHCTPYK­naje HHje 6HJIa 6JIHCKa HeHMapHMa ca Ilpaaopja, reCTOra remKa aa asnoheae.

Hsrnen H KOHCTPYKUHja 3BOHHKa ncrrpen sanan­nor npoaen,a rrpB06HTHe npxne CB. Crerpana, aa nrra

. .HeMa nenocpemrax aHaJIOrHJa na aanresr nozrpysjy,yxasyje aa CJIo*eHHjH nyr yranaja. Ilojasa 3BOHHKana npecmmy nan 3arra,l:\HHM KaJIKaHOM, y je,l:\HOCTaB­HHjHM HJIH CJIo*eHHjHM aapajaaraua, y06~ajeHa jey janpancxmr rrpHMOpCKOM 06JIacTHMa H 1bHX0BOMsanehy, He cauo y pa3,l:\06JbHMa cpemser aexa Ben H

xacnaje. Ty ce roTOBO rro rrpaBHJIY 3BOHHK oaora THIIaHaJIa3H nan KaJIKaHOM aananne epaca,l:\e, a He xao H3­naojeno nocrpojeae KaKaB je cnysaj KO,l:\ upxne naIllhenan norsy, MO)K,l:la je jenno on CJI~HHX pemersa,xoje ce na HacJIYTHTH KO,l:\ Ben nosrarsaae MaHaCTHp­CKe upxae y ,D;06pYHY, Momo ,l:\a rrocJIY)KH rrpHJIHKOM

rpahena Cannarseae 3a,l:ly)K6HHe. 3arra,l:\Ha epaca,l:\aoaora xpasra 06JIHKOBaHa je ca je,l:\HHM .nysno npecne­,l:\eHHM »BecTH6yJIOM« ~ja KOHCTPYKUHja nnje rrpoy­qeHa HHTH je 06jamlbeHOneao anaseae, 6y,l:lyhH na jecanannsa asrnen ,l:\06HJIa rrpHJIHKOM nocnemse 06HOBexpajesr 19. BeKa.38 OcTaUH osor rrocrpojeaa, rrocsta­

TPaHH 6e3rr03HHjHX norpamsa, rro CBeMY cyneha nper­craarsajy ,l:\01bH neo KOHCTpYKUHje Ha,l:\ KOjOM ce HaJIa­3HO neha 3BOHHK »na npecmmy«. YKOJIHKO 6H OBanperrrocramca 6HJIa Ta~a, IIITO y 6y,l:lyhHoCTH rpefiarrponepnra, a HMajyhH y BH,[Iy H aHaJIOrHY rtojasy 3H­,[IaHHX OJITapCKHX nperpana, Momo 6H ce 3aKJbyqHTH

na je jenan on Y30panpa rpabeay xpasra CD. Crerpanana Illhenan norsy, rro cBeMY cyneha 6HJIa HMaHacTHP­

CKa upxna y ,D;06pYHY.AHaJIH3a OCTaTaKa xasreae IIJIaCTHKe ca nexopa­

THBHHM eJIeMeHTHMa paheaaa y nyxy noane rormce ra­xohe yxasyje Ha yrnuaj rrpHMOpCKHX KJIecapa. OpHa­

MeHTaJIHH MOTHBH ca IIJIaCTHKe rrp030pa H rroPTaJIaupKBe CB. CreepaHa, Kao IIITO cy »)KHOKa Ha pa60m«,»,l:\HjaMaHTCKH HH3«, »jajacTH mTarr« H »TOP,l:\HPaHOy*e« qeCTH cy Harr03Horo~ crrOMeHHUHMa rrpBerrOJIOBHHe 15. BeKa y IIpHMopjy, rroce6Ho ,D;y6pOBHH-

34 liOpOBHIi.-Jby6HHKOBHIi. 1961,45-56.35 l)ypHli. 1975, 18.36 IlonoBHIi. 2002a, 103.

37 Ma3amdi. 1940, 27-43.

38 IlorroBHIi. 2002a, 97, CJI. 1.

uPKBA CBETOf C'I'E<MHA HA IITBEIIAH IIOJLY IIO,n: COKo-fPA,n:OM 167

C'.4. 34. QpI(Sa CeerllOr C1llt$ma ape gorpag1be rlpUIlpallle, l1KCOlIOMelllpujem pecrllU1llyt94ja

Fig. 34. Church ofSt. Stephon before the additional construction ofthe narthex, axonometric restitution

ICY noB&j6mDI<eMy30py.39Met)ym:M, HeICHOpHllMeH­

TaJIBH ]leTlLILH na ICaMeHoj IIJI8.CTHUH, nocetino na Be­JIHICHM KOII3QIIaMa sa xoje CMO npem:OCT8.BHJIH ]la cyHOCKlIe erpormy KOHCTpYJCIlHjy y IIpHIIp8.TH, no MOTK­

BHMa. H H3Bot)e1I>y, 6mlcICH cy JlOKaJIIDIM OCTB8.peILHMa.II03B8.THM C& .QeICOp& CTeDan. Oane BllJha YJCI13&m H

na je,IJ;By nojasy KOja BeMa 6mDKHx lUIaJIomja y ca­ICpaJllloj &pXHTeJCI'YPH aa HameM no.u:p~. Y IIKI'albyje pemeJLeno~mja :QPKBe Co. Crectwm ca HH30MKOH3OJI8. Ball: KOjHMa je XOpmOllTaJlIDI seaan, OBaKBO

pemeae xpoBBe erpexe y06H'1ajeHo je y npo$mojCTaMfieuOj apxHTeKTypH, ICaICO I'OTHICe TaKO H IlO3BK­

jn enoxa y.z:b'6poBBHIC'J H Y II8.M8. 6mDJcHM 06JIacTH­Ma Me.u:mepaua, 8JIH BKje yOOH'lajeHa Ka]l8. cy y IlH­

TalLy no]lcTpemja caKpaJIHHX rpal:)eBHBa.. illTa je

crAPHHAP LVll/2007.

YCJIOBHJIO OBaICBO Bey06H'1ajeBo pemeu.eOCTane BaMBeIIOOHaTO, Ma]la ce He 6H MOrJIa HCICJL)"DrI'H HH MO­

ryImoCT.u:a je lIpBo6HTHO 38.MH11D1oeHH &pKaJ:lBH $pH36K1Io TeIDICO H3BeCTH yCJIe]l He]lOCT8.TK8. o6yt:IeHHX

Majcmpa rra ce rrpH6emo jeJlllOCT8.BIDIjeM pemen:.y.Orsopeao je IIKI'aILe y KOjOj MepH cy sa rpal:)eu.e xpa­M& Co.C~ 6H1IH lUIl'8JKOBaBH IlpHMopcm rpa­,I:UfI'eJbH. CaCBHM je CH11'PHO .u:a cy y TOMe OCTBapelbY

}"IecTBOBllJDI H .u:oMatiH MajCTOpH. To 6Hce noce6HOMOrJIO 3aIQLY'DfiK IIpHlIHICOM nOCMaTplULa KaMeHC

IIJI8.C'I'HIre me ce IlOpe.u: BeJCHX, HCTHB8. pel)ux 60JLe

39 ZivllllOViC 1988, 140-158; ZivllllOViC 1989,49-68.

168 MAPKO IIOIIOBlfli, CBETJIAHA BYKA,l];HHOBIffi

KJIeCaHHX KOMaLla, yosasa H MHOIIITBO xoje onaje py­KYCJIa6HjHX MajcTOpa. 3a nexe neran-e IIJIaCTHKe pa­hene OLI MeKOr neurrapa, rrorryr onrapcxor nannpo­30pHHKa, rrpe 6H ce MOmO pehn .n:a cy pesana HeroKJIecaHH. Morno 6H ce nperrrocramrra na cy HXpaLIH­JIM JIOKaJIHH MajCTOpM BJIqHJ{jM 06paLIH LlPBeTa Mnapa­LIH .n:y60pe3a. Ha TO 6H MOJK,I:Ia YKa3HBaO H H360p MO­THBa KOLI BeJIHKHX KOH3OJIa y rrpnnpara, 0 qeMy je Ben6HJIO pesa.

Mel)yrnM H nopen qHlbeHMue Lla cy y rpahersyyqeCTBOBaJIH H JIOKaJIHH HeHMapM, sa rJIaBHe panoaena rrOLIH3albY ceoje 3a.n:y)K6MHe BeJIHKH BOjBO.n:a CaH­

nan, Je CaCBHM CHrypHO aHra)KOBaO rrpHMOpCKe 3H,n:a­pe, 6y.n:yliH.n:a y 06JIacTHMa KojHMaje OH BJIaLlaO naje6HJIO rpamrreosa BJlqHHX rrOLIH3albY MOHYMeHTaJIHH­jHX 3L1alba.40 Mana rpaherse upxne CB. Crerpaaa HHjeOCTaBHJIO rpara Mel)y caqyaaHHM apXHBCKHM LlOKY­MeHTHMa, neheao rrorpeIIIIITH aKO 3aKJbyqHMO na je

lbeHrJIaBHH neasrap crarao H3,I:Or6poBHHKa. Ha TO 6HMOrJIM na YKa~ HeKH nocpenaa casyaana nonaua KO­ja ce 0LIHoce na Caanarsea Coxo-rpan y KOHaBJIHMa.HaMMe, ry je 1421. roLIHHe, rro HaJIOry BeJIHKOr BOjBO­LIe, aa rpaheae upxae 6MO YHajMJbeH .n:y6poBaqKJI Maj­crop MHXOq Pammrah ca CBOjHM rroMohHMuHMa.41Y

HCTOM YTBPl)eIbY, HeKOJIHKO ronnaa panaje, na rpahe­Iby UHCTepHe ca 6yHapoM 6HO je aHra)KOBaH .n:y6po­BaqKJI3H,n:ap AHryH ca CMHOM BMUOM.42 Yrrpano 'rana,xpajesr npyre nenenaje 15. nexa, rpahena je MCanna­rseaa IIaJIaTay ,IJ;y6pOBHJIKY. HMajyliH CBe OBO y BM.n:y,JIOfJIqHO 6M ce Momo npernocramrra na je y MCTOM

OBOM pa3L106Jby aKO HeHHeIIITO panaje, rpabena Hup­KBa CB. Crerpana xpaj nnannor 3aMKa M»CTOJIHor Me­CTa« Kocaxa, Y3aarazcoaane jennor 0Ll.n:y6poBaqKJIXnemrapa, xojaje MOJK,I:Ia Ben panao HeKH rrocao rro na­.nory BeJIHKOr nojaone.

IIpernOCTaBKe 0 nopexny apxarexrype M HeHMa­

pHMaupxne CB. Cretpana Moma 6M.n:a nonyne Maexaaanazcarsa 3aCHOBaHa na aHaJIH3M rrpeOCTaJIHX Tparo­na )KHBOIIMca. MaLIa je Y30paK KOjHM paCrrOJIR)KeMOM3Y3eTHO MaJIH, na HeKHM LleTaJbHMa ce MIIaKrrperro­3Hajy roTJ{qKJI yrnuajM, rroce6Ho Ha paHMje rrOMeHY­TOM q,parMeHry rJIaBe aHl)eJIa ca KOCOM y KOBPJ.I3.Ma.

To 6MYKa3HBaJIO HaMoryhHoCT Llaje OCJIHKaBalbe up­KBe CB. Creq,aHa ca Llorpal)eHoM rrpnrrpaTOM 6HJIOrroBepeHo TaKol)e HeKOM 0Ll rrpHMOpCKHX cJIHKapa.

MaLIa cy IIMCaHM M3BOpM Y TOM CMMCJIY BeOMa OCKYLI­HM, OLI M3Y3eTHOr 3Haqaja je rroLlaTaK .n:a .n:y6poBa~0

MaJIO Bene jYHa 1429. roL\MHe Ha XMTaH CaH,uaJbeB

3axreB y cJIY)K6y BeJIHKOM BOjBOLIH yrryrHJIO I,bmaHaYrpMHoBMha, CBorTaLla Haj60JbercJIHKapa. IIocpeLIHoce MO)Ke 3aJbyqHTH.n:a je OH Ha TOM rroCJIY OCTao roTO-

BO roLIHHY .n:aHa.43 Y xoje MecTO je oramao H IIITa jepanao OCTaJIO je Herr03HaTO. Haje MCKJbyqeHo na jeyrrpaso lbeMY 'rana 6HJIO nosepeao OCJIHKaBalbe BOj­BOL\MHe 3a.n:y)KfiMHe non COKOJICKHM 3aMKOM. Cannan,ce ca cnocotiaomhy YrpMHOBMna yrrosuao rrpHJIHKOMOCJIHKaBalba BojBOL\MHe nanare y ,IJ;y6pOBHMKY TOKOM

3HMe 1427-1428. ronane. Ilpesra peqHMaB. J. Bypa­ha »6MO je TO yMeTHHK M3Y3eTHOr napa, KOjM je ,IJ;y­6pOBHHKOM nponocao CTHJI y KojeMcy ce BM3aHTHjcKH06JIMUM y cpehnoj cpaasrepa rrpeIIJIHTaJIH ca rorax­KHM, na HaqJIH rrponahen BeK pannje y paLIHoHMUMMJIeTa~or MajcTOpa IIaOJIa«.44

o BpeMeHY nonaaaisa 3a.n:y)KfiMHe BeJIHKOr BOjBO­LIe Cannana Xpanaha M lbeHHX rr03HMjHX norpamsaHeMa HerrOCpeL\HHX HHTH caCBHM rroy3L1aHHX nonaraxa.CTHJICKa aHaJIH3a xasreae IIJIaCTHKe oxroryhasa casroLlOCTa mMpOKO .n:aTOBalbe y npny rrOJIoBMHY 15. aexa.HeIIITOy)KJ{ XpOHOJIOmM pacnon rrpyzca 1435. rortana,0LIHOCHO spene Cannanese caxpane xana je upxsaCB. Crerpana, rro CBeMY cyneha, Ben 6HJIa KOMIIJIeTHOrorosa. Panaje HaBeLleHM nenana 0 anrazsonarsy ny­6pOBaqKJIX neasrapa MMoryneM KacHMjeM OCJIHKaBa­

Iby rrpyscajy MoryhHoCT HeIIITO rrpeuaauajer naroaana.CKJIOHM CMO nperrrocraaua .n:a je casra upxaa nozmr­HYTa rrpe xpaja npyre nenenaje 15. sexa, Mel)YTHM,ocraje orsopeao mrraae xoje rex TPe6apasaarpara,Lla JIMjeTOrrOHHM Illhenan Ilene, xojaje npsa rryr aa­6eJIe)KeH 1419. roLIHHe, nacrao y Be3M ca nocaerovupxne, KaKO ce TO 06J1qHo cssarpa, MJIH je MOJK,I:Ia Mcrapnja, TeIIIKO je nosepoaara na je ncrse non COKOJI­

CKHM 3aMKOM Ll06HJIO HMe 0LIMax HaKOH nonaaanaCannarseae 3a.n:y)K6MHe, xoja npesra OHOMe IIITO noxa­3Yjy neae pymenane HHje nonarnyra na Mecry nexorpannjer CBeTHJIMIIITa, HHTH 6H Moma 6HTH crapaja 0Llnpyre neuenaje 15. nexa.

Ilorpamsa npanpare MOrJIa je YCJIeL\MTH y6p30 na­KOH aanpmenca castor xpasra, na IIITa 6M YKa3HBaJIaCTHJICKH yjennasena xnecaaa IIJIaCTHKa. Paanore sanorpahanaae npanpare MOrJIM 6M rrporyMaqHTH )Ke­

JbOM KTHTOpa Lla neroaa 3a.n:y)KfiMHa M rp06HM xpaarrOCTaHerropo~ MaY30JIej. Ha OBaKBy rrperrrocTaB­

KYHaBOLIH~HMUa Lla je y rrpnrrpaTHrrocTOjaJIO He­KOJIHKO rp060Ba 06eJIe)KeHHX CTenuHMa, KaO IIITO je TO

40 l)ypHii 1970,459-460.41 Fiskovic 1947,93.

42 Fiskovic 1947,52.43 Ta,IIlIh 1952,79.

44 l)ypHii 1970,463.

UPKBA CBETOf CTE<DAHA HA IIffiEIIAH IIOJbY IIO)); COKO-fPA)l;OM 169

6HO c.rryqaj H ca CaMHM rp060M KTHTOpa. YKOJIHKO rrpn­

XBaTHMO MoryhHoCT ,ua je xpaa OCJIHKaBaH xpajea TPe­he neueaaje 15. nexa, HTO jennonpesreao upsna ca IIpH­nparosr, 1429. romma 6RJIa 6H »terminus ante quem«aa H3Be,ueHY norpamsy.

3a pa3JIHKY on npnrrpare, sa npesrencxo onpehene,u03Ht;HBalba cesepne rpofine xanene HeMaIIOy3,uaHHX

enesreaara. CaM IIOJIOJKaj onor IIapaKJIHCa, IIoce6HOneronor ynaaa, HaBO,uH aa IIOMHCaO na je nacrao rrpe

norpamse npnrrpare, 6y.uyhHna MY je IIpRJIa3 IIo,uH3a­IbeMneaor HCTO'llIOr 3H,ua y aaasajaoj MepH6HO 0Te­

JKaH. Ca npyre CTPaHe, 6y.uyhH,ua He 3HaMO KO je 6HOcaxpalbeH HCIIO,u MOHYMeHTaJIHOr, ca,ua YHHITITeHor

crehxa, reIIIKO6Hce Momo yOIIIllTepacnpaanara 0 IIO­6y,uaMa,ua ce OBaKO y06JIHqHje,uHo rp06HOMecTO. Ee3cyxae TY je IIOqHBaO HeKO on 3HaqajHHjHX qJIaHOBa

IIOpO,uHUe Kocaxa, MOJK,ua jenan on CaHL\3.JI>eBe 6pa­he, aJIH ce He 6H Morna HCKJbyqHTH HHMoryhHoCT ,uaje onne y IIHTalbY jenaa on II03HHjHX caxpana H3ape­

MeHa BojBO,uHHOr HaCJIe,uHHKa, xepnera Crerpana.Ha IIpOCTOpy y nenocpennoj 6JIH3HHH upxne CB.

Crerpana HeMa TparoBaCTaM6eHHX o6jeKaTaMOHaIIIKesajenaane IllTO6H YKa3HBaJIO na je CaHL\3.JI>eBa 3a.uyJK­6HHa CJIYJKH.JIa KaO MHpCKH, a He MaHaCTHpCKH xpast.Oraopeno je mrrane xoja je 6RJIa aasreaa rrpocrpanor

anatsa~JH cy TParoBH rrpeII03HaTH nsanecerax MeTapaon upxne. Y paBHH IIIheIIaH IIOJb3., cesepao on npxne,JIeJKaJIO je nonrpabe COKOJICKOr 3aMKa ca »CIIOJbHHM,uBOpOM« nenaxor nojaone CaHL\3.JI>a y KOMe je H3,uaTaIIOBeJb3. ,I(y6poB~a 1419. ronane, KaO H pesanea­uHjaJIHHM KOMIIJIeKCOM lberoBor HaCJIe,uHHKa. Tparo­

BH 06jeKaTa nexanannser rronrpaha ca ,uBOpOBHMa,KOjH ce nacnyhyjy ce na mapen KOMIIJIeKcy y cpena­mlbeM ,uenyIIOJba, rex qeKajy cnoje HCTpaJKHBaqe.

HaKOH CMPTH BeJIHKOr sojaone Caanana, neron na­CJIe,uHK, IIOTOIbH xepuer Crerpan HaCTaBJb3.jyhH IIOPO­

,uH'IHY TPa,uHUHjy rparta na 3arpat;y, 6pery HHJKe castorCOKOJICKOr 3aMKa, CBOjy 3a.uyJK6HJIY. Y HOBOM xpasry,KOjH H3me,ua HHKa,ua naje y UeJIHHH HHje6HO saapmen,aaKTHTOpa je 6RJIO IIpHIIpeMJbeHO rpo6HOMecTO o6e.rre­JKeHO crehKOM.45 llipOM cy,u6HHe, xepuer Crerpan TYHHjeMorao 6HTH caxparsen, 6y.uyhH,ua cy TypUH KOM­IIJIeKC COKOJICKOr 3aMKa 3aIIOCeJIH 1465, roAHHY nana

rrpe neroae cxrpra 22. Maja napenne ro,uHHe.46

UpKBa CB. Cre<paHa IIOCJIe TYpcKor 3aIIoce,ualbaCOKOJICKOr 3aMKa je orrycTOmeHa a IIOTOM CIIaJbeHa,KOJOM rrpRJIHKOM joj je 6HO cKHJIYT OJIOBHH KpOBHH IIO­KpHBaq. 0 OBOM rrycTOmelbY cBe,uOqe CJIojeBH rapHH3Ha,u HHBeJIeTa IIo,uoBa Kao H TParoBH HCTOIIJbeHOrOJIOBa. HaKOH TOraIIOqe.rrO je 3apymaBalbe 3H,uOBa y3

HaMepHa pymelba H pa3HOmelbe KaMeHe rpat;e, CBe

CTAPMHAP LVII/2007.

,uOK ueno 3,ua1be HHje HCqe3JIO IIO,u BHCOKHM nacnara­

MamyTa.

* * *

3a.uyJK6HHe Kocasa IIo,uHrJIYTe ya IbHXOBO »CTOJIHOMecTO« - COKOJICKH 3aMaK, rrpyacajy HOBa csenoaau­

CTBa 0 OBOj 3HaMeHHTOj snacreocxoj, O,uHOCHO nnanap­CKOj IIOpO,uHUH, nocefino IbHXOBOj KOH<pecHOHaJIHOjIIpHIIa,uHOCTH. Kocaxe cy y HCTOpHjCKOj nayua qeCTOcssa'rpane 6oryMRJIHMa, RJIH IIaK Jby,uHMa qHja nepcxay6et;elba HHCy 6RJIa napoxaro xnpcra. TaKBaMHmJbe­Iba cy ce 3aCHHBaJIa na ~eHHUH ,ua cy Cannan, Xpa­

HHh, BeJIHKH BOjBO,ua »pycara fiocaacxor« Hneros na­CJIe,uHHK BOjBO,ua a IIOTOM xepner Crerpan Byiorah6HJIH TOJIepaHTHH npeaa 60ryMRJIHMa, a qecro H oxpy­JKeHH Jby,uHMa TaKBHX BepcKHX cxnararsa, IllTOje 6HJIaIIOJIHTHqKa peaJIOCT y BpeMeHY y KOMe cy JKHBeJIH Hnenosann, Ca npyre CTPaHe, aenpajarersa Kocaxa cy

TO KOpHCTHJIH na HX rrpen 3aIIa,uHHM HJIH HCTO'llIHMxpamhanaaa IIpHKaJKY xao jeperaxe IllTO HHje 6RJIO6e3 IIOCJIe,uHUa. PeqHTO cBe,uOqaHCTBO 0 rosre no xoje

Mepe cy caBpeMeHHUH 6RJIH CYMIb~BH H IIO,uJIOJKHHJIaJKHHM orrryJK6aMa je H qeCTO IIOMHlbaHO IIHCMO ua­

pnrpancxor rrarpnjapxa I'eaannja ynyheno xao onro­BOp cHHajCKHM MOHaCHMa 1454. ronane, y KOMe HXOHotianenrraaa na je xepner rex rrpe MaJIO npestena IIO­crao XpHmhaHHH »IllTOjasno He noxasyje jep ce 60jHBJIacTeJIe«, re ra CTOra HeTpe6aIIOMHlbaTH y JIHTYPrn­jH.47 Ta HCKpHBJbeHa CJIHKa 0 IbHXOBOj sepcxoj npn­IIa,uHOCTH rrparnna nx je Hecasro sa JKHBOTa neh je na­

CTaBRJIa,ua oncraje H y aanresr BpeMeHY H TO He casaoy HCTOpHorpa<pHjH neh H y rexyhoj IIOJIHTHUH rrocefi­HO IIOCJIe He,uaBHHX parona na OBHM IIpOCTOpHMa.

IIopeKJIo IIOpO,uHUe Kocaxa nesyje ce sa nonpysjeI'oprse ,I(pHHe,48 O,uHOCHO 06JIaCT xoja je CTaJIHO 6RJIa

neo npacane Henaisaha, me HHje 6RJIo, HHTH je Momo

6HTH »TPHKJIeTHX 6a6YHa«, O,uHOCHO 6oryMRJIa. KaoIIOCe,uHHUH nena HCKOHCKHX CpIICKHX 3eMaJb3., xoje cyIIpHIIaJIe EOCHH IIOCJIe necpehne ,ueo6e H3Met;y 6aHaTBPTKa H KHe3a Jlasapa, qHje ce IIOCJIe,uHUe H nanacocehajy, Kocaxe cy ce BPJIO 6p3oaa TOj repHTOpHjH oca­MOCTaJIRJIe <popMHPajyhH IIoce6HOCT 3eMJbe KaCHHje

Ha3BaHe Xepneroaanoa. Ha TO je ymuaJIa H~HHUa

45 IIOIIOBHh 2008, 89-111.

46 'liHpKOBHh 1964, 264-267.47 liHpKoBHh 1964,215.

48 ,Umrnh 1978, 183.

170 MAPKO IIOIIOIllili, CBETJIAHA BYKA,IJ;llliOlllili

na je aapa3JIHKY on ueHTPa.JIHe Bocne rue je 6RJIa yrn­najna 60ryMllJlcKa jepec, craHOBHHIIITBO y 3eMJbaMa

Kocasa 6HJIo je rrpaBOCJIaBHO Y3 H3BecTaH 6poj KaTOJIH­xa y 3arra,UIIHM xpajemora. qHlbeHHlla na cy o6JIacTHKOjHMa cy BJIa,Ua..JIH HOMHHa.JIHO 6HJIe y OKBHpy 6ocaH­cxor KplLJbeBCTBa rue cy nyro 60ryMIDIH6HJlH rrperezotaananajyha CT)'K'l'YPa, HHje 6HTHO yTHUaJIa na IbHXOBOBepCKO orrpenenene. Casynaaa cy aaasajaa CBeUOqaH­

CTBa 0 IbHXOBOM HecKpHBeHOM 0PTOUOKCHOM xpmnhaa­CKOM orrpenersersy. He 3aJIa3ehH y rroje,UHHOCTH OBeCJIO)l(eHe rrpo6JIeMaTHKe, xoja 3aXTeBa nocetiay cry­,UHjy, naposaro HaKOH HOBHjHX OTKpHha H caauarsa,3a.n:p)I(UneMO ce casro na HeKHM ~HHUaMa. 3a ape­Me BJIa.uaBHHe BeJIHKOr aojaone Caanaisa H neroaor

HaCJIe,UHHKa xepnera Crerpana, nyre roTOBO ce,UaM ne­nenaja, rro,UHrHYT je qHTaB HH3 rrpaBOCJIaBHHX xpasro­na. Ha TOM nonpysjy TOKOM npne rrOJIOBHHe 15. aexaU0JIa3H UO cnojenpcne »penecance- pamxor rpamrren-

CTBa. Ilpesta pe~aB. J. Bypnha, 3a.uy)l(6HHe rropo­

JJ:HUe Kocasa H3,UBajajy ce ou npocexaor rpa,UHTeJbCTBacaora uo6a BeJIHqHHOM, nonexan Heo6~HM peme­IbHMa, H3Y3eTHOM JIerrOTOM o6JIHKa H rrporropnnja.EOraTCTBO noponane H CTa.JIHe nese ca ca yMeTHHUH­Ma jyaorax rpanona Janpancxor rrpHMopja o6e36eUH­JIM cy IbHXOBOj apXHTeKTYPH Y3JIeT H aaasaj. Sarratt­

Iba~a CTHJlCKa ofienescja xpasrona Kocaxa H~

»PYKOIIHC« xnecapa yxasyjy na MecTa rue cy ce Maj­CTOpH o6pa30BaJIH.49

IIOUH3albeM 3a.uy)l(6HHa Y3 »CTOJIHO MecTO« nonCOKOJIOM H xpasiona HaMelbeHHX CBOM Be~OM noxojyKocaxe ce acxasyjy xao rrOCJIe,UIbH HaCTaB.Jba~ HeMa­IbHhKHX TPa,UHUHja paHHjHX BeKOBa y BpeMeHY xoje je

rrpeTXOJJ:H.TlO KOHa~OM TYPCKOM OCBaJalbY cpncxaxaessana. Crrosrea na TO IbHXOBO UeJIO qyaajy xpaMOBHo KojHMa je onne 6HJIO pexa H pymenaae COKOJICKOr3aMKa KOjH jom YBeK qeKa cnoje HCTPU)l(HBaqe.

49 Bl1,lUI: 1)ypHli 1970,442-462; 1)ypHli 1975, 18-19.

UPKBA CBETOf CTE<DAHAHA IIffiEIIAH IIOJbY IIQJ:J; COKO-fPA,ll;OM

EHBJIHOfPAcDHJA:

171

Andelic 1973 - P. Andelic, Bobovac i KraljevaSutjeska, Sarajevo 1973.

Bikie 2002 - V. Bikic, The appearance of vesselsof majolica in Serbian towns in the Danube Basin (l5th

and 16th centuries),«Faenca» Bolletinodel Museo Inter­nazionale delle Ceramiche in Faenza LXXXVIII, 2002,35-46.

:QBeTK'OBHIi. H ,a:pym 2005 - M. IIoIIoBHn, C.fa6eJIHn, E. QBeTKOBHn, E. IIoIIoBHn, IJ,pK8a CeetaotHUKO.fle y Ctuanuuetey, Beorpan 2005.

'BHpJroBuIi. 1964 - C. 'fuIpKOBHh, Ctuapau BymuhKocaua, Beorpan 1964.

nopoBoli.-.Jby6I111K'OBuli.1961-M. Boponnh-Jby­6HHKoBHn, Onpas KYJITa CB. Crerpana y CpIICKOj cpen­aosexoaaoj yMeTHOCTH, Ctuapunap XII, Beorpan1961,45-56.

JJ:HHHIi. 1978 - M. ));HHHh, 3eMJbe xepnera CB.Cane, y: Cpucxe seune Y cpequesc 8eKY, Beorpan 1978,178-270.

1)ypuli. 1970 - B. J. Bypah, Ilpna Iopa y ;uo6a06JIaCHHX rocrronapa, y: Hctuopuja IJ,plte Tope 212,TlITOrpa)l1970,440-475

1)ypuli.1975 - B. J.Bypah, MHJIemeBa HilPHHCKHTHII upxne, Pauoca Bauuuuua I, Kparseso 1975,15-26.

Fiskovie 1947 - C. Fiskovic, Nasi graditelji i kipa­ri XV-XVI stoleca u Dubrovniku, Zagreb 1947.

KOBalfeBHIi. 1967 - M. KOBaqeBHn, UpKBa IIO;UCpeJJ:lbOBeKOBHHM rpanoa COKOJIOM, Ctuapuuap XVIII,Beorpan 1967,221-224.

M83aJIHli. 1940 - 1). Ma3aJIHn, Xepnerona upsnaKO)l Iopascna H OKOJIHe crapnne, Tnacuux 3e.M.a.IbCKOlscyseja Y Capajeey UI, 1940, 27-43.

MHjOBHIi., KOBalfeBHIi. 1975 - II. MHjoBHn, M.KOBaqeBHh, Tpag08U u Yill8pljelba y Ilpuoj Iopu, Beo­rpa;U-YJlI\HIb 1975.

Popovic 1978 - M. Popovic, La residence de Des­pot Djuradj Brankovic dans le Chatelet de la Forteres­se de Smederevo, Balcanoslavica 7, Prilep 1978,101-112.

IIonoBuIi. 1997 - M. IIOIIOBHh, BJIa;uapCKH HBJIa­CTeoCKH ;uBOP Y EOCHH H Xepnerosaaa, 360pltUK sauctaopujy E u X, 2, CAHY-Eeorpa)l1997, 1-33.

CTAPlffiAP LVI1/2007.

Popovic 1999 - M. Popovic, Tvrdava Ras, Beo­grad 1999.

IIonoBuIi. 2000 - M. IIoIIoBHn, BJIa;:lapCKO 6opa­BHmTe Crerpana Hesraae y Pacy, y: CillerjJalt Heuaua- Ceetau CU.M.eOIt, uctaopuja u upeqaue, Beorpan 2000,233-245.

IIonoBuIi., 2002 - M. IIOIIOBHn, JIHrrOBau - 'rparo­

BH CpeJJ:lbOBeKOBHor BJIaCTeOCKOr 60paBHmTa, caoa­tamena XXXN, Perry6JIH'IKH 3aBO;U aa 3amTHTY CIIO­MeHHKa KYJITYPe, Eeorpa)l2002, 157-177.

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Honoanh 2006 - M. IIoIIoBHn, 3aMaK y CpIICKHM3eMJbaMa II03HOr cpemser sexa, 360pltUKpaqoeaBusau­tuonotuxot ultcilluillyilla 43, Beorpan 2006, 189-207(ca crapajosr JIHTepaTYpoM).

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172

Summary:

MAPKO IlOIlOBlffi, CBETJIAHA BYKA,IJ;I1HOBJili

MARKO POPOVIC, Institute of Archaeology, Belgrade

SVETLANA VUKADINOVIC, The Institute for the Protectionof Cultural Monuments of Serbia, Belgrade

THE CHURCH OF ST. STEPHANON SCEPAN POLJE NEAR SOKO-GRAD

The Church ofSt. Stephan, in this paper, belonged to a medievalresidential complex above the confluence of the River Piva andthe River Tara, in the extreme northeast of the present-day Re­public of Montenegro.

The central part of the complex consisted of Soko-grad, acastle with the court of the prominent, aristocratic, Kosaca fa­mily, which, at the end of the 14th century, right until the Turkishconquests in the sixties and seventies of the 15th century, ruledthe regions later known as Hercegovina. At the foot of thecastle, on Scepan polje, is the suburb with the Church of St.Stephan, the endowment of the grand duke, Sandalj Hranic(+1345). At the foot of the northern slope, beneath the castle, inthe area of Zagrada, is another church erected by the grandduke's successor, Herzeg Stefan Vukcic Kosaca (+1465). Afterthe Turkish conquest, the complex of the Soko castle with itssuburb was destroyed and the churches became deserted andwere never renewed. The ruins of St. Stephan were discovered,investigated and then conserved from 1971-973, however, theresults of this research have not been published until now.

In reviewing the results obtained in the course of the archae­ological excavations, it is possible, in a considerable measure,to comprehend the position and former appearance of theChurch of St. Stephan and establish, roughly, the time when itcame into being. This was the largest church erected in the regionsgoverned by the powerful, Kosaca noble family, during the 15th

century. The total length of the church exceeded 25 metres andits width was approximately ten metres. In the preserved bodyof the construction, ofwhich the remaining walls rise to a heightof four metres, one may see three basic stages of building. Anarthex was later erected beside the church, and subsequently asmall parakklesion was added, on the northern side.

The original church had a single nave, a cruciform base anda gently, horseshoe-shaped apsis, facing east, flanked by rectan­gular choirs. The interior of the church, with two pairs of smallpilasters, was articulated in three bays of almost equaldimensions.

The altar, encompassing the apsis and the eastern bay, wasseparated from the naos by a constructed altar partition-wall, theessential appearance of which can be assumed on the basis ofwhatever was found. The entire surface of the constructed ico­nostasis was covered with frescoes. The floor of the naos was astep lower than the floor of the altar. Flooring made of mortar,like in the altar area, also existed in the choirs. As opposed tothese spaces, in the central and western bays, the floor wasmade of large, hewn stone slabs.

The finds discovered in the debris, offered an abundance ofdata about the upper, now collapsed, structures of the church,and about the stonemasonry that decorated this building. Thechurch did not have a dome but all three bays were topped by a

single vault ofcarved calcareous stone, reinforced by two arches,resting on the pilasters. We may assume that the roof structurewas of the Gothic type, and ribbed at the base. Above the choirswere lower, semi-spherical vaults, perpendicular in relation to thelongitudinal axis of the church. They were covered by gabledroofs that ended in triangular frontons on the northern andsouthern faaade, like the main vault on the eastern side abovethe altar apsis. The roof of the church was made of lead.

A belfry, of unique construction, existed on the western sideof the original church. It stood about one meter in front of thewestern wall and was linked by a vaulted passage to the mainbody of the building. All these parts were structurally inter­connected, indicating that they were built at the same time. Theposition and appearance of the original church windows canalmost certainly be determined according to the preserved traceson the remaining sections of the walls, and the finds of the rele­vant stonemasonry.

In the interior of the naos, along the southern wall of thewestern bay was the grave of the donor of the church of St.Stephan, Grand Duke Sandalj Hranic, This was the traditionalposition where the donor was buried, according to the custom orrather, the rule that had been practised for centuries in the coun­tries of the Byzantine Orthodox Christian world, and particu­larly in the Serbian lands. The duke's grave, marked by a stelein the form of a massive, low coffin on a pedestal, was preparedwhile the church was being built, given that it would have beenimpossible to install this large monolith that weighed approxi­mately 2.5 tons in the church, later. Generally speaking, the do­nor's grave in the church of St. Stephan, is eloquent testimonyof the donor's aspirations and beliefs. Besides the undoubtedlylocal feature of a funerary monument in the form of a stele, allits other characteristics emulate earlier models from the regionof the Serbian lands.

In front of the original church, at a later stage, which appa­rently followed soon after, a spacious narthex with a rectangularbase was added on. Pylons of the belfry substructure were fittedinto its eastern wall, which seems to have made that wall muchthicker than the other walls of the narthex. This later erected nar­thex was not vaulted, which we concluded after analysing thepreserved walls and the finds in the debris. Apparently, it had aflat ceiling construction, supported by massive beams that restedon consoles along the length of the northern and southern walls.

The side entrances when the narthex was built were of thesame dimensions as its western portal. However, later, beforeinstalling the stone doorposts, both these entrances were narroweddown on their western, lateral sides, while the southern portal,in a later phase, was completely walled up.

In the course of exploration, no reliable datawas discoveredregarding the position of the windows in the narthex. One can

:U:PKBA CBETOf CTEcI>AHA HA IIffiEIIAH IIOJbY IIO,D; COKO-fPA,D;OM 173

only assume that monophoric windows existed on the lateralwalls, one or two on each side, similar to the monophores in thewestern bay.

Apart from the narthex, another, later construction wasobserved next to the original church. On its northern side, alongthe western bay and the lateral side of the choir, a parakklesion,that is, a small funerary chapel was added on, in the middle ofwhich a large stele once stood, of which now only fragments exist.

The entire interior of the church of St. Stephan was deco­rated with frescoes. Rather small fragments of the wall paintingwere discovered in the debris, not only of the original church butalso of the narthex, as well as of the northern funerary chapel. Itwas observed that they were all of the same quality, painted onmortar of a uniform texture, which suggests that all the paintingwas done as soon as the additional buildings were finished. Onthe discovered fragments, one can recognise the dark blue back­ground of the former compositions, and the borders painted incynober. On several fragments, there were preserved sections ofor whole letters from Serbian Cyrillic texts. On several fragmentsthat may have originated from the aureoles or parts of robes,traces of gold leaf were visible, which would indicate the splen­dour and representativeness of the frescoes that decorated theendowment of the grand duke, Sandalj Hranic,

With the shape of the foundation of a single-nave church,divided into three bays, and with rectangular choir spaces, thechurch of St. Stephan continued the tradition of the early Rasciaschool ofSerbian architecture (13th - beginning of 14th century),which represented a significant novelty at the time when itappeared. In Serbia, in the last decades of the 14th and the begin­ning of the 15th century, the predominant plan of the churches,the triconche, was based on the Holy Mount models. The de­cision by the donor, the grand duke Sandalj, to give his endow­ment the features of the earlier, Rascia heritage, in the timeswhen the Serbian territories had been broken up and wereexposed to pressure from external enemies, undoubtedly had adeeper significance, By relying on the earlier tradition, which isalso reflected in the dedication of the church to St. Stephan, thepatron saint of the state and of the Nemanjic dynasty, the donorexpressed the aspiration to consolidate his authority morefirmly in the regions that had previously formed part of theSerbian state. By erecting an endowment, and a funerary churchthat he wished to be his eternal resting-place, Sandalj was alsodemonstrating that he ranked among his predecessors, theSerbian rulers and nobility. One can see this from the choice ofthe traditional burial position, along the southern wall of thewestern bay, as well as from the tomb he had prepared forhimself during his lifetime.

Apart from the basic idea and plan of the church based onthe Rascia tradition, the features of its architecture also exhibitother influences. Of crucial importance here, was the choice ofbuilders, who undoubtedly came from the coastal area, which isreflected both in the structural solutions, as well as in the deco­rative stonework. However, local master-craftsman undoubtedlytook part in this achievement. One can see this particularly whenobserving the stonework, which, besides some admittedly ratherrare, better-carved pieces, consists of a great deal of carving byless experienced artisans.

The assumptions about the origin of the architecture andthe builders are substantiated by observing the preserved tracesof the frescoes, which show that the decoration of St. Stephan's

CTAPHHAP LVIII2007.

and the adjacent narthex was also entrusted to one of the coastalpainters. Perhaps it was the well-known Dubrovnik painter,Dzivan Ugrinovic, who is known to have been commissionedby the grand duke Sandalj in 1429.

There is no direct or reliable record of the date when theendowment of the grand duke Sandalj Hranic or its later annexeswere built. The stylistic analysis of the stonework makes itpossible only roughly to attribute it to the first half of the 15th

century. The year 1435 provides a slightly narrower span oftime, which is the time of Sandalj's funeral, when it wouldappear that the church of St. Stephan was already finished, Thedata mentioned earlier regarding the engagement of buildersfrom Dubrovnik and the possible later decoration, enables us todate it more exactly. Therefore, we may assume that the churchitself was erected before the end of the second decade of the 15th

century. The additional construction of the narthex may havefollowed soon after the completion of the church itself, as indi­cated by the stylistically uniform stonework. If we accept thepossibility that the church was decorated at the end of the thirddecade of the 15th century, and that this was finished both in thechurch and the narthex at the same time, the year 1429 would bethe terminus ante quem for the completion of the additionalconstruction.

The Kosaca endowment, erected beside the Soko castle,offers new evidence about this prominent, noble or ruling fami­ly, and particularly about their religious affiliation. Historians,almost as a rule, consider the Kosaca family to have been Bogu­mils, or people whose religious convictions were not particularlyfirm. Such views were based on the fact that Sandalj Hranic, thegrand duke of Rusaga Bosanskog (of the Bosnian kingdom) andhis successor, the duke and subsequently the herzeg, StefanVukcic, were tolerant towards the Bogumils and were oftensurrounded by people who upheld such religious beliefs, whichwas the political reality of the times in which they lived andfunctioned. On the other hand, the enemies of the Kosaca fa­mily made use of this to depict them to the Western and EasternChristians as heretics, which was not without consequences.The distorted view of their religious conviction not onlyaccompanied them during their lifetime but persists even today,not only in historiography but in present-day politics, as well,particularly after the recent wars in ex-Yugoslavia.

The origin of the Kosaea family is connected with the regi­on of the Upper Drina, that is to say, the region that had alwaysbeen a part of the Nemanjic state, where there were no Bogumils,nor could there be. As owners of part of what had always beenthe Serbian lands, which went to Bosnia after the tragic divisionbetween Ban Tvrtko and Prince Lazar, the consequences of whichare still felt today, the Kosaca very soon became independentrulers of this territory, forming a specific territory that latercame to be known as Herzegovina. Another element that alsobears weight in this respect is the fact that, in contrast to centralBosnia where the Bogumil heresy was influential, the popula­tion in the Kosaea lands was Orthodox Christian, with a certainnumber of Catholics in the western parts. The fact that theregions they ruled were nominally within the Bosnian kingdom,where the ruling class were predominantly Bogumils for a longtime, did not have any fundamental bearing on their religiousaffiliation. Significant records have been preserved of theirunconcealed Orthodox Christian orientation. Without going intothe details of this complex circle of problems, which requires a

174 MAPKO IIOIIOBH'Ii, CBETJIAHA BYKA,JJ;MHOBH'Ii

separate study, especially after the more recent discoveries andfacts that have come to light, we shall dwell only on some facts.During the rule of Grand Duke Sandal j and his successor, HerzegStefan, which lasted almost seventy years, a whole series ofOrthodox Christian churches were erected. During the first halfof the 15th century, a kind of renaissance of the Rascia school ofarchitecture carne about in this area. In the words ofY. J. Durie,the endowments of the Kosaca family »are different from theaverage buildings of their time by virtue of their size, sometimesthe unusual solutions, and the great beauty of form and pro­portions«, The wealth of the family and the continual relationswith artists from the southern Adriatic coastal cities imbued

their architecture with buoyancy and significance. The westernstylistic features of the churches of the Kosaca, and the Gothiclanguage of the stonemasons, reveal the centres where thesemaster craftsmen had learned their trade.

With the erection of the endowment in the »ruling seat«beneath Mt. Soko and the churches intended as their finalresting-places, the Kosaea distinguished themselves as the lastcontinuers of the Nemanjic tradition of earlier centuries, in thetime that preceded the final Turkish conquest of the Serbianlands. The memory oftheir work is preserved in the church of St.Stephan and the nearby church at Zagrada, as well as in the ruinsof the Soko castle, which still lies waiting to be researched.