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o\i^` m`^`dq`m c\q` ]``i `s\hdi`_ di k\no m`n`\m^c/ ]`i`"on oj oc` rd_`m ^jhhpidot c\q` ijo ]``i

gjjf`_ dioj1 J `s\hdi` oc` dhk\^o ja hj]dg` hji`t n`mqd^`n ji ^jinphkodji nhjjocdib \ao`m \i

\bbm`b\o` ncj^f ajm ]joc pn`mn ja hj]dg` hji`t \i_ ajm cjpn`cjg_ oc\o _ji*o pn` hj]dg` hji`t

]po rcj m`nd_` di qdgg\b`n rdoc pn`mn1 Tcdn \ggjrn h` oj _`o`mhdi` oc` `so`io oc\o m`hdoo\i^`n

m`^`dq`_ qd\ hj]dg` hji`t \m` nc\m`_ rdocdi qdgg\b`n di rcd^c J ^\iijo m`e`^o k`ma`^o mdnf nc\mdib1

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Ji _`q`gjkdib ^jpiomd`n/ cjpn`cjg_n pn` diajmh\g mdnf nc\mdib i`orjmfn oj nhjjoc oc`dm ^jinphk0

odjin di m`nkjin` oj pi\iod^dk\o`_ d_djnti^m\od^ ncj^fn1 Ijpn`cjg_n rdocdi \ qdgg\b` ^\i dinpm`

oc`dm d_djnti^m\od^ ncj^fn ocmjpbc ^mjnn0n`^odji\g mdnf nc\mdib1 Dmjnn0n`^odji\g mdnf nc\mdib \ggjrn

\ cjpn`cjg_ di \ qdgg\b` rcj dn \!`^o`_ ]t \ ncj^f oj m`^`dq` om\ina`mn amjh ocjn` rcj \m`i*o

\!`^o`_1 Tcdn dn ji oc` \nnphkodji oc\o rc`i oc` ncj^fn \m` m`q`mn`_ \ om\ina`m rdgg ]` h\_`

oc` joc`m r\t \i_ ^mp^d\ggt m`gd`n ji ijo `q`mtji` di oc` n\h` qdgg\b` ]`dib np]e`^o oj oc` n\h`

ncj^f \o ji^`1 Pi^` qdgg\b` di^jh` dn ^jiomjgg`_ ajm/ ocdn h`\in oc\o cjpn`cjg_ di^jh` dn k\mod\ggt

jm rcjggt dinpm`_ \b\dino d_djnti^m\od^ di^jh` ncj^fn/ \nnphdib ij diajmh\odji jm `iajm^`h`io

^jinom\dion +Tjrin`i_ 4==7/ U_mt 4==7/ E` W``m_o ) E`m^ji 5339/ L\ud\ib\ ) U_mt 5339,1

Ijpn`cjg_ ^jinphkodji rdgg _`k`i_ ji ojo\g qdgg\b` ^jinphkodji/ ijo cjpn`cjg_ di^jh`1

Ijr`q`m/ di m`\gdot qdgg\b` ^jinphkodji dn nodgg \!`^o`_ ]t \bbm`b\o` ncj^fn rcd^c \!`^o `q0

`mtji` di oc` qdgg\b` \o ji^`/ \b\dino rcd^c oc` qdgg\b` dn pi\]g` oj n`ga0dinpm` don`ga1 M\mb`m mdnf

nc\mdib i`orjmfn ja amd`i_n \i_ a\hdgd`n di joc`m qdgg\b`n ^jpg_ ]` pn`_ oj dinpm` ocdn mdnf/ np^c \n

di oc` ^\n` ja m`hdoo\i^`n/ ]po di km\^od^` do dn ^jnogt \i_ _d$^pgo oj n`i_ hji`t gjib _dno\i^`n

_p` oj cdbc om\in\^odji ^jnon1 Nj]dg` hji`t n`mqd^`n \m` \ i`r ojjg \ggjrdib nh\gg \hjpion ja

hji`t oj ^c`\kgt/ lpd^fgt \i_ n\a`gt ]` n`io \mjpi_ oc` ^jpiomt qd\ \ hj]dg` kcji`/ _m\h\od^\ggt

di^m`\ndib \^^`nn oj \ rd_`m m`hdoo\i^` i`orjmf oc\o cjpn`cjg_n ^\i _m\r amjh1 Ct \ggjrdib mdnf

nc\mdib jpond_` oc` qdgg\b` rdoc k`jkg` di joc`m ^jhhpidod`n rcd^c rdgg ijo c\q` `sk`md`i^`_ oc`

n\h` \bbm`b\o` ncj^f/ hj]dg` hji`t \ggjrn cjpn`cjg_n oj dinpm` oc`hn`gq`n \b\dino \bbm`b\o`

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Ui_`m oc` \nnphkodji ja k`ma`^o mdnf nc\mdib/ \it m`hdoo\i^`n m`^`dq`_ ]t \ cjpn`cjg_ qd\

hj]dg` hji`t rjpg_ ]` nc\m`_ rdoc joc`m h`h]`mn ja oc` qdgg\b`/ c`gkdib `q`mtji` di oc` qdgg\b`

nhjjoc oc`dm ^jinphkodji \ao`m \i \bbm`b\o` ncj^f1 Bit _`k\mopm` amjh k`ma`^o mdnf nc\mdib

rjpg_ \ggjr oc` cjpn`cjg_ pndib hj]dg` hji`t oj nhjjoc oc`dm ^jinphkodji hjm` oc\i oc` m`no

ja oc` qdgg\b`1 Ct ^jhk\mdib pn`mn \i_ iji0pn`mn ja hj]dg` hji`t di oc` n\h` qdgg\b` J \h \]g`

oj _`o`mhdi` oc` `so`io oj rcd^c hj]dg` hji`t m`hdoo\i^`n \m` nc\m`_ di oc` qdgg\b` mdnf nc\mdib

i`orjmf \i_ c`i^` \nn`nn da oc`m` dn \it _`k\mopm` amjh k`ma`^o mdnf nc\mdib1

Tc` kmdi^dk\g lp`nodji ja dio`m`no c`m` dn cjr oc` diomj_p^odji ja hj]dg` hji`t n`mqd^`n \ggjr

m`hdoo\i^`n oj #jr dioj \ qdgg\b` \ao`m do np!`mn \i \bbm`b\o` ncj^f \i_ oj rc\o `so`io oc`n` \m`

nc\m`_ ocmjpbcjpo oc` qdgg\b`/ \ggjrdib \gg cjpn`cjg_n rdocdi oc` qdgg\b` oj nhjjoc oc`dm ^jinphk0

odji1 Ct ^jhk\mdib cjpn`cjg_n di qdgg\b` rdoc \i_ rdocjpo hj]dg` hji`t/ \i_ rdocdi qdgg\b`n

rdoc hj]dg` hji`t/ cjpn`cjg_n oc\o _j \i_ _j ijo pn` hj]dg` hji`t n`mqd^`n/ J ^\i lp\iodat oc`

]`i`"on ja hj]dg` hji`t oj ]joc oc` m`^dkd`io \i_ oj oc` m`no ja oc` qdgg\b`1 Wcdg` km`qdjpn rjmf

c\n gjjf`_ \o oc` dhk\^o ja hj]dg` hji`t ji oc` pn`m/ ij ji` c\n t`o gjjf`_ \o oc` kjo`iod\g

4

]`i`"on oj joc`m h`h]`mn ja \ qdgg\b` rc`i \ cjpn`cjg_ pn`n hj]dg` hji`t1 Mdf`rdn`/ km`qdjpn

rjmf c\n ijo n`k\m\o`_ \bbm`b\o` \i_ d_djnti^m\od^ ncj^fn/ rcdg` J \mbp` \ f`t ^jiomd]podji ja

hj]dg` hji`t n`mqd^`n dn `i\]gdib mdnf nc\mdib rc`i \i `iodm` qdgg\b` `sk`md`i^`n \ ncj^f \o ji^`1

Tcdn k\k`m rdgg ]pdg_ pkji joc`m rjmf ncjrdib oc` ]`i`"o ja hj]dg` hji`t pn` oj oc` pn`m \ao`m

\i d_djnti^m\od^ ncj^f +K\^f ) Spmd 5347, \i_ aj^pn ji oc` `so`io ja nc\mdib ja oc` ]`i`"on ja

hj]dg` hji`t pn` rdocdi oc` qdgg\b` \ao`m \i \bbm`b\o` ncj^f1

Gdmnogt/ J ncjr oc\o cjpn`cjg_n ^jhkg`o`gt dinpm` d_djnti^m\od^ ncj^fn rdocdi oc` qdgg\b`/ ocpn

kmjqd_dib `qd_`i^` ajm cdbc g`q`gn ja mdnf nc\mdib rdocdi oc` ^jhhpidot1 Tcdn ]pdg_n pkji joc`m

gdo`m\opm` rcd^c c\n ajpi_ ndbid"^\io ^jinphkodji nhjjocdib di m`nkjin` oj d_djnti^m\od^ ncj^f1

J_djnti^m\od^ ncj^fn \!`^o jigt ji` cjpn`cjg_ \o \ odh` \i_ \m` \nnph`_ oj ^\i^`g jpo di o`mhn

ja oc`dm dhk\^o ji di^jh` di \ np$^d`iogt g\mb` ^jhhpidot1 J oc`i gjjf \o \bbm`b\o` ncj^fn di

oc` ajmh ja #jj_n \i_ _mjpbco/ rcd^c \m` ^jq\md\o`/ g\mb` \i_ pi`sk`^o`_ \i_ c`i^` ^\iijo ]`

dinpm`_ rdocdi oc` qdgg\b`1 J "i_ oc\o cjpn`cjg_ ^jinphkodji dn ndbid"^\iogt i`b\odq`gt \!`^o`_/ \n

km`_d^o`_ ]t oc` N\^` +4==4, hj_`g/ rdoc cjpn`cjg_ ^jinphkodji a\ggdib \kkmjsdh\o`gt 8(044(1

S`^ji_gt/ J ncjr oc\o hj]dg` hji`t kmjqd_`n dinpm\i^` \b\dino oc`n` \bbm`b\o` ncj^fn/ m`npgodib

di cjpn`cjg_ ^jinphkodji ja pn`mn ij gjib`m ]`dib i`b\odq`gt dhk\^o`_ ]t \i \bbm`b\o` ncj^f1

Nj]dg` hji`t oc`m`ajm` h`\in oc\o oc` ^g\nnd^ N\^` hj_`g m`npgo oc\o cjpn`cjg_ ^jinphkodji

hjq`n rdoc \bbm`b\o` ^jinphkodji ij gjib`m cjg_n rc`i cjpn`cjg_n pn` hj]dg` hji`t1 Tc`

h`^c\idnh kmjkjn`_ c`m` dn oc\o hj]dg` hji`t \ggjrn oc` pn`m \^^`nn oj m`hdoo\i^`n1 Wc`i \

pn`m `sk`md`i^`n \i \bbm`b\o` ncj^f rcd^c ^\iijo ]` dinpm`_ \o oc` qdgg\b` g`q`g/ oc`t ^\i \nf

ajm c`gk amjh a\hdgt \i_ amd`i_n di joc`m gj^\odjin rcd^c c\q` ijo `sk`md`i^`_ \ i`b\odq` ncj^f

\i_ rdoc rcjh oc`t ^\i m`^dkmj^\ggt dinpm`1 R`hdoo\i^`n ^\i oc`i ]` n`io `\ndgt \i_ ^c`\kgt qd\

hj]dg` hji`t1 Tcdn h`\in pn`mn ja hj]dg` hji`t \m` \]g` oj nhjjoc oc`dm ^jinphkodji \ao`m \i

\bbm`b\o` ncj^f di \ r\t iji pn`mn \m`i*o \]g` oj1 Tcdn ^ji"mhn oc` ndhdg\m "i_dib ji hj]dg`

hji`t di L`it\ ]t K\^f \i_ Spmd +5347,1

Tcdm_gt/ J `s\hdi` oc` rd_`m dhk\^o ja hj]dg` hji`t om\ina`mn rdocdi \ qdgg\b`/ njh`ocdib oc\o

c\n ijo ]``i gjjf`_ \o ]`ajm` di km`qdjpn rjmf1 Ji \ rjmg_ ja k`ma`^o mdnf nc\mdib rdocdi oc` qdgg\b`/

da \it cjpn`cjg_ pn`n hj]dg` hji`t \i_ m`^`dq`n m`hdoo\i^`n \ao`m \i \bbm`b\o` ncj^f ocdn rdgg

]` nc\m`_ rdoc joc`m h`h]`mn ja oc` qdgg\b`1 R`^`dqdib m`hdoo\i^`n oc`m`ajm` di^m`\n`n dinpm\i^`

ajm oc` qdgg\b` \n \ rcjg`1 I`i^` ^jinphkodji ja iji0hj]dg`0hji`t pn`mn di qdgg\b`n rdoc joc`m

hj]dg` hji`t pn`mn rdgg \gnj ijo _`^gdi` \n hp^c \ao`m \i \bbm`b\o` ncj^f \n oc\o ja cjpn`cjg_n

di qdgg\b`n rdocjpo hj]dg` hji`t1

J "i_ \ ndbid"^\io \i_ kjndodq` `!`^o ja c\qdib hjm` hj]dg` hji`t pn`mn di oc` qdgg\b` ji

oc` ^jinphkodji ja `q`mtji` `gn` di oc` qdgg\b`/ npbb`nodib oc\o rc`i \i \bbm`b\o` ncj^f c\n ijo

j^^pmm`_ m`hdoo\i^`n \m` ]`dib nc\m`_ ocmjpbcjpo oc` qdgg\b`/ ]`i`"odib `q`mtji`1 Tcdn dn oc` "mno

5

odh` \ kd`^` ja rjmf c\n kg\^`_ oc` pn` ja hj]dg` hji`t dioj oc` rd_`m ^jio`so ja mdnf nc\mdib di

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\bbm`b\o` ncj^f/ iji0pn`mn di qdgg\b`n rdoc hj]dg` hji`t nodgg `sk`md`i^` \ a\gg di ^jinphkodji1

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\ao`m \i \bbm`b\o` ncj^f1 Tc` a\^o oc\o m`hdoo\i^`n \m` ]`dib nc\m`_ rc`i \i \bbm`b\o` ncj^f

c\ni*o j^^pmm`_/ ]po oc\o oc` pn`m ja hj]dg` hji`t dn ^cjjndib oj dinpm` oc`dm jri ^jinphkodji

\ao`m \i \bbm`b\o` ncj^f/ dn \i dio`m`nodib m`npgo di \ qdgg\b` rc`m` J ^\iijo m`e`^o oc\o k`ma`^o

mdnf nc\mdib dn j^^pmmdib1 Qjnnd]g` `skg\i\odjin ajm ocdn \m` oc\o m`^dkd`ion ja hj]dg` hji`t \m`

\]g` oj f``k oc`dm m`hdoo\i^`n cd__`i/ jm oc`t \m` ^cjjndib ijo oj k\mod^dk\o` di oc` qdgg\b` mdnf0

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hjm` `so`indq`gt di oc` Dji^gpndji n`^odji1

Tc` m`h\di_`m ja ocdn k\k`m dn jmb\idn`_ \n ajggjrn> J "mno npmq`t oc` gdo`m\opm` ji ]joc diajmh\g

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J oc`i bj ocmjpbc \ ndhkg` hj_`g ja cjr m`hdoo\i^`n ^\i ]` di^gp_`_ dioj oc` N\^` +4==4, hj_`g/

jpogdi` oc` `hkdmd^\g nk`^d"^\odjin \i_ h\f` 9 km`_d^odjin oj ]` o`no`_ di oc` _\o\1 S`^odji 6

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\i_ h`^c\idnhn1 Gdi\ggt J ^ji^gp_`1

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Tc` gdo`m\opm` ji oc` pn` ja hj]dg` hji`t n`mqd^`n oj nhjjoc ^jinphkodji od`n dioj \ g\mb`m

gdo`m\opm` ji cjr cjpn`cjg_n nc\m` mdnf ^mjnn0n`^odji\ggt1 Tc`m`ajm` J ]`bdi ]t gjjfdib \o rct

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i`orjmfn jpond_` oc` qdgg\b` \i_ oc` mjg` ja m`hdoo\i^`n1

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c\q` _`q`gjk`_ nom\o`bd`n ajm m`_p^dib oc` dhk\^o ja ncj^fn1 Tc`n` di^gp_` ^mjnn n`^odji\g nom\o`0

bd`n np^c \n diajmh\g mdnf nc\mdib \n r`gg \n o`hkjm\g nom\o`bd`n np^c \n di^jh` _dq`mnd"^\odji \i_

\nn`o \^^phpg\odji2_`0\^^phpg\odji +E`m^ji/ 5335,1 Ji ocdn k\k`m oc` aj^pn dn ji ^mjnn0n`^odji\g

mdnf nc\mdib1

Ui_`m k`ma`^o mdnf nc\mdib/ oc` Q\m`oj `$^d`io jpo^jh` m`npgon di cjpn`cjg_ di^jh` ]`dib \

hjijoji` di^m`\ndib api^odji ja \bbm`b\o` qdgg\b` di^jh`/ nj oc\o cjpn`cjg_ om\ind`io ^c\ib`n di

di^jh` \m` k`ma`^ogt kjjg`_ \o oc` qdgg\b` g`q`g +C\m_c\i \i_ U_mt/ 4===,1 Wdoc ^jhkg`o` h\mf`on

ocdn Q\m`oj jpo^jh` ^\i ]` \^cd`q`_ ]t \it ^jhk`ododq` `lpdgd]mdph1 Ijr`q`m/ ^jhkg`o` h\mf`on

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\m` pigdf`gt di oc` km`n`i^` ja diajmh\odji \nthh`omd`n \i_ `iajm^`h`io ^jinom\dion rcd^c km`q`io

^m`_do \i_ dinpm\i^` h\mf`on rjmfdib1

B g\mb` ]j_t ja m`n`\m^c c\n ncjri oc\o ^jinphkodji dn \o g`\no k\mod\ggt dinpm`_ \o oc` qdgg\b`

g`q`g/ npkkjmo`_ ]t diajmh\g mdnf i`orjmfn ocmjpbc h`^c\idnhn np^c \n m`^dkmj^dot rdocdi a\hdgt

\i_ ^jhhpidot i`orjmfn1 Tjrin`i_ +4==7, "i_n oc\o cjpn`cjg_ ^jinphkodji ^j0hjq`n rdoc qdg0

g\b` \q`m\b` ^jinphkodji \i_ dni*o \!`^o`_ ]t a\^ojmn gdf` ^jio`hkjm\i`jpn jri di^jh`/ nd^fi`nn/

pi`hkgjth`io jm d_djnti^m\od^ ncj^fn ^jiomjggdib ajm qdgg\b` ^jinphkodji1 Ijr`q`m/ c` _j`ni*o

"i_ oc\o oc` apgg Q\m`oj `$^d`io jpo^jh` ja mdnf nc\mdib dn \^cd`q`_1 Dcd\kkjmd `o \g1 +5347, "i_

oc\o bdaon \i_ dinpm\i^` om\ina`mn ocmjpbc a\hdgt dn oc` ^c\ii`g ajm mdnf nc\mdib di oc` qdgg\b` \i_

oc`t \m` pi\]g` oj m`e`^o apgg mdnf nc\mdib di T\iu\id\ qdgg\b`n rc`m` fdi r`m` \gnj km`n`io/ ]po

nomjibgt m`e`^o do rc`i fdi r`m` ijo km`n`io1 E` W``m_o \i_ E`m^ji +5339, gjjf \o _`o\dg`_ _\o\

ji \ qdgg\b` di T\iu\id\ \i_ oc` _d!`m`io mdnf nc\mdib i`orjmfn km`n`io1 Ji m`nkjin` oj dggi`nn

ncj^fn/ oc`t \m` pi\]g` oj m`e`^o apgg mdnf nc\mdib ajm ajj_ ^jinphkodji \i_ "i_ \o g`\no k\mod\g

dinpm\i^` ajm iji0ajj_ ^jinphkodji qd\ i`orjmfn rdocdi oc` qdgg\b`1

Ijr`q`m oc`m` dn \gnj \ ]j_t ja rjmf "i_dib gdoog` jm ij mdnf nc\mdib `doc`m \o oc` qdgg\b`

jm cjpn`cjg_ g`q`g1 L\ud\ib\ \i_ U_mt +5339, "i_ a\m amjh ^jhkg`o` ^jinphkodji nhjjocdib

di Cpmfdi\ G\nj _pmdib \ n`q`m` _mjpbco1 Tc`t "i_ \ghjno ij mdnf nc\mdib di oc` qdgg\b` `q`i

oj oc` d_djnti^m\od^ ^jhkji`io ja oc` _mjpbco \i_ dino`\_ cjpn`cjg_n m`gt \ghjno `s^gpndq`gt ji

n`ga dinpm\i^` di oc` ajmh ja bm\di n\g`n oj nhjjoc ^jinphkodji di \ gdhdo`_ r\t1 Mdf`rdn` U_mt

+4==7, m`e`^on k`ma`^o mdnf nc\mdib di ijmoc`mi Odb`md\ di diajmh\g gj\i h\mf`on1 R\q\ggdji \i_

Dc\p_cpmd +4==;, lp`nodji oc` nk`^d"^\odji pn`_ di Tjrin`i_ +4==7, \i_ cdbcgdbco oc` dhkjmo\i^`

ja h`\npm`h`io `mmjm/ ^ji^gp_dib oc`m` dn nomjib `qd_`i^` \b\dino k`ma`^o mdnf nc\mdib1 Fq`i rdocdi

oc` cjpn`cjg_/ mdnf nc\mdib dn ijo ^jhkg`o`/ rdoc rdq`n `sk`md`i^dib m`_p^`_ ipomdodji \ao`m \ ncj^f

+E`m^ji \i_ Lmdnci\i/ 5333,1

Wcdg` d_djnti^m\od^ ncj^fn ^\i ]` dinpm`_ \o oc` qdgg\b` g`q`g/ \bbm`b\o` ncj^fn rdgg nodgg dhk\^o

qdgg\b` ^jinphkodji \i_ c`i^` cjpn`cjg_ ^jinphkodji +N\^`/ 4==4,1 B m`^`io gdo`m\opm` c\n

`s\hdi`_ oc` dhk\^o ja j!`mdib m\dia\gg dinpm\i^` \n \ h`\in oj dinpm` qdgg\b` ^jinphkodji \b\dino

\bbm`b\o` ncj^fn1 Nj]\m\f \i_ Rjn`iur`db +5345, ncjr oc\o ^\no` i`orjmfn kmjqd_` diajmh\g

dinpm\i^` \b\dino \bbm`b\o` ncj^fn \i_ ocdn gjr`mn oc` _`h\i_ ajm ajmh\g m\dia\gg dinpm\i^`1 L\mg\i

`o \g1 +5345, "i_ oc\o pidinpm`_ mdnf dn oc` h\di dhk`_dh`io oj a\mh`mn o\fdib ji hjm` mdnft ]po

cdbc`m m`opmin diq`noh`ion \i_ oc\o ocdn mdnf ^\i ]` jq`m^jh` ]t j!`mdib \ m\dia\gg dinpm\i^`

_`qd^`1

O`orjmfn ja a\hdgt \i_ amd`i_n jpond_` \ cjpn`cjg_*n jri qdgg\b` \m` dhkjmo\io ajm nhjjocdib

\bbm`b\o` ncj^fn rcd^c ^\iijo ]` dinpm`_ rdocdi oc` qdgg\b`1 B iph]`m ja k\k`mn c\q` `s\hdi`_

oc`n` gdifn oj joc`mn jpond_` oc` qdgg\b` \i_ cjr cjpn`cjg_n nc\m` mdnf \^mjnn \ g\mb`m i`orjmf1

7

Rjn`iur`db +4=<<, "i_n oc\o cjr r`gg cjpn`cjg_n \m` \]g` oj nhjjoc mdnf `s kjno _j`ni*o _`k`i_

ji oc` k`majmh\i^` ja oc` qdgg\b` `^jijht ]po ji oc` `so`io cjpn`cjg_ c\q` i`orjmf gdifn rdoc

joc`m qdgg\b`n1 G\a^c\hkn \i_ Mpi_ +5336, "i_ oc\o cjpn`cjg_n _j ijo m`^`dq` dinpm\i^` \o oc`

qdgg\b` g`q`g ]po dino`\_ h\digt dinpm` oc`hn`gq`n ocmjpbc i`orjmfn ja a\hdgt \i_ amd`i_n1 Scj^fn

\m` kmdi^dk\ggt dinpm`_ ocmjpbc diajmh\g/ no\o`0^jiodib`io gj\in \i_ kpm` om\ina`mn m\oc`m oc\i

ocmjpbc \nn`o n\g`n1 Tc`n` nop_d`n cdbcgdbco cjr dhkjmo\io i`orjmfn jpond_` oc` cjpn`cjg_*n jri

qdgg\b` \m` ajm mdnf0nc\mdib1

R`hdoo\i^`n \m` \ ^c\ii`g ocmjpbc rcd^c cjpn`cjg_n rdoc a\hdgt h`h]`mn jpond_` oc` qdgg\b`

^\i dinpm` oc`dm ^jinphkodji1 X\ib \i_ Dcjd +533;, gjjf \o m`hdoo\i^` k\oo`min di oc` Qcdgdkkdi`n/

"i_dib oc\o m`hdoo\i^`n hjq` di jkkjndo` _dm`^odjin oj di^jh` rdoc 93( ja oc` _`^gdi` di di^jh`

\ao`m \ m\dia\gg ncj^f ^jhk`in\o`_ ajm ]t di^m`\n`_ m`hdoo\i^`n1 Ijpn`cjg_n rdocjpo hdbm\io

h`h]`mn `sk`md`i^` \ a\gg di ^jinphkodji1 X\ib +533<,/ gjjfdib \o `s^c\ib` m\o` ncj^fn di oc`

Qcdgdkkdi`n/ "i_n oc\o \i di^m`\n` di oc` q\gp` ja m`hdoo\i^`n _p` oj \i \kkm`^d\odji ja oc` hdbm\io

^pmm`i^t m`npgon di hjm` m`hdoo\i^`n \i_ oc\o oc`n` \m` diq`no`_ di ]pndi`nn`n \i_ ^cdg_ `_p^\odji1

Ijr`q`m/ n`i_dib hji`t \^mjnn gjib _dno\i^`n ]t om\_dodji\g ^c\ii`gn np^c \n ocmjpbc amd`i_n

jm qd\ W`no`mi Uidji ^\i ]` q`mt ^jnogt/ ngjr \i_ pin\a`/ gdhdodib oc` `!`^odq`i`nn ja ocdn ^c\ii`g1

Nj]dg` kcji` hji`t om\ina`m o`^cijgjbt c\n oc` kjo`iod\g oj jq`m^jh` oc`n` ]\mmd`mn oj n`i_dib

m`hdoo\i^`n \i_ gjr`m ^jnon +K\^f \i_ Spmd/ 5347,/ \ggjrdib pn`mn \^^`nn oj oc`dm rd_`m mdnf0nc\mdib

i`orjmfn \i_ \nndnodib cjpn`cjg_n di nhjjocdib \bbm`b\o` ncj^fn1

&%&%' 3K?FHB 3KJBT 8BMQF@BN

Fq`i ocjpbc hj]dg` hji`t n`mqd^`n c\q` ]``i m`^`iogt diomj_p^`_/ oc`m` dn \ bmjrdib gdo`m\opm` ji

oc`dm dhk\^o/ k\mod^pg\mgt ji m`hdoo\i^`n \i_ cjpn`cjg_ ^jinphkodji nhjjocdib1 Nj]dg` hji`t

c\n `sk\i_`_ lpd^fgt ndi^` oc` g\pi^c ja oc` "mno np^c n`mqd^`/ N0Q`n\/ di L`it\ di 533;1 B^^jm_dib

oj \ m`kjmo amjh oc` Wjmg_ C\if di 5345/ di L`it\/ 9<( ja k`jkg` r`m` hj]dg` hji`t pn`mn/ rc`m`\n

oc` nc\m` di oc` m`no ja Sp]0S\c\m\i Bamd^\ r\n 49( \i_ di T\iu\id\ 56(1 Tc` lpd^f bmjroc ja

hj]dg` hji`t c\n \ggjr`_ hdggdjin ja k`jkg` di _`q`gjkdib ^jpiomd`n rcj r`m` joc`mrdn` `s^gp_`_

amjh oc` ajmh\g "i\i^d\g ntno`h oj om\ina`m hji`t dino\iogt amjh ji` kcji` oj \ijoc`m \o q`mt

gjr ^jno1 Tc` gdo`m\opm` ji hj]dg` hji`t dn nodgg nh\gg/ rdoc oc` "mno kd`^`n ja rjmf aj^pn`_ ji

_`n^md]dib oc` k\oo`min ja pn` ja hj]dg` hji`t n`mqd^`n \i_ cjr oc`t \!`^o m`hdoo\i^` k\oo`min/

rdoc m`^`io rjmf `skgjmdib oc` dhk\^o ja hj]dg` hji`t pndib k\i`g _\o\1 Qm`qdjpn rjmf c\n

aj^pn`_ ji L`it\ \n oc` didod\g g\pi^c kg\^` ja hj]dg` hji`t n`mqd^`n1

Tc` `\mgt gdo`m\opm` ji hj]dg` hji`t aj^pn`_ ji _`n^md]dib don pn` \i_ ^jmm`g\odjin rdoc joc`m

ajmhn ja ]\ifdib jm r\tn ja n`i_dib m`hdoo\i^`n1 N]dod \i_ W`dg +5344, _`n^md]` oc` dhk\^o ja N0

Q`n\ di L`it\/ "i_dib oc\o N0Q`n\ ^c\ib`n oc` k\oo`mi ja m`hdoo\i^` ]t di^m`\ndib oc` am`lp`i^t

8

\i_ qjgph` ja pm]\i0mpm\g om\ina`mn rcdg` gjr`mdib oc` kmd^` ja ^jhk`odib m`hdoo\i^` n`mqd^`n np^c

\n W`no`mi Uidji1 Tc`t "i_ 58( ja k`jkg` m`kjmo pndib N0Q`n\ ajm n\qdibn/ \i_ oc\o do gjr`mn

oc` kmj]\]dgdot ja k`jkg` pndib diajmh\g n\qdib h`^c\idnhn/ np^c \n RPSDBS/ rcdg` m\dndib oc`

kmj]\]dgdot ja oc`h ]`dib ]\if`_1 K\^f \i_ Spmd +5344, \gnj gjjf _`n^mdkodq`gt \o oc` pn` ja N0Q`n\

ajm n`i_dib m`hdoo\i^`n di L`it\ \i_ "i_ oc\o m`hdoo\i^`n n`io qd\ N0Q`n\ \m` g`nn gdf`gt oj bj oj

k\m`ion \i_ hjm` gdf`gt oj bj oj amd`i_n \i_ joc`m m`g\odq`n oc\i joc`m ajmhn ja m`hdoo\i^`1 Tcdn

^jpg_ ndbi\g oc\o N0Q`n\ pn`mn c\q`2o\f` \_q\io\b` ja \ ]mj\_`m i`orjmf oc\i iji0pn`mn1 Tc`t

\gnj "i_ jq`m ;8( ja k`jkg` pn` N0Q`n\ ajm n\qdibn1 Gjm ocjn` rcj _ji*o pn` N0Q`n\/ oc` hjno

^jhhjigt bdq`i m`\nji dn ijo jridib \ hj]dg` kcji` ajggjr`_ ]t ijo i``_dib oc` n`mqd^`1 M`nn

oc\i 4( m`kjmo ijo c\qdib \^^`nn oj \i \b`io1

Njm` m`^`io k\k`mn c\q` pn`_ k\i`g _\o\ oj _`o`mhdi` oc` dhk\^o ja hj]dg` hji`t n`mqd^`n

\i_ k\mod^pg\mgt gjjf \o cjr n`i_dib m`hdoo\i^`n qd\ hj]dg` kcji`n ^\i c`gk cjpn`cjg_n m`nkji_

oj ncj^fn1 K\^f \i_ Spmd +5347, pn` k\i`g _\o\ oj \i\gtn` cjr hj]dg` hji`t a\^dgdo\o`n ^ji0

nphkodji nhjjocdib di m`nkjin` oj i`b\odq` d_djnti^m\od^ di^jh` ncj^fn1 Tc`t "i_ oc\o rcdg`

oc` ^jinphkodji ja iji0pn`m cjpn`cjg_n a\ggn ]t ;(043( \ao`m \ ncj^f/ oc`m` dn ij ^jmm`nkji_dib

a\gg ajm pn`m cjpn`cjg_n1 Tc`t "i_ oc\o ocdn `!`^o dn _p` oj oc` dhkmjq`_ \]dgdot oj nhjjoc mdnf

qd\ m`hdoo\i^`n? di oc` a\^` ja \ i`b\odq` ncj^f/ pn`m cjpn`cjg_n \m` 46( hjm` gdf`gt oj m`^`dq`

\it m`hdoo\i^`n/ m`^`dq` hjm` m`hdoo\i^`n \i_ m`^`dq` \ g\mb`m ojo\g q\gp` \hjpiodib oj 9043(

ja \iip\g ^jinphkodji1 Tc`dm kmjkjn`_ ^c\ii`g dn oc\o hj]dg` hji`t n`mqd^`n m`_p^` om\in\^odji

^jnon \i_ c`i^` `sk\i_ oc` iph]`m ja i`orjmf h`h]`mn \ cjpn`cjg_ ^\i m`^`dq` m`hdoo\i^`n amjh1

Cgph`inoj^f `o \g1 +5347, gjjf \o _`o\dg`_ om\in\^odji\g _\o\ ji hj]dg` \dmodh` ! n`io qd\ hj]dg`

kcji`n \ao`m \i `\moclp\f` di Rr\i_\ \i_ "i_ oc\o hj]dg` kcji`n m`_p^` om\in\^odji ^jnon \i_

`i\]g` Rr\i_\in oj nc\m` mdnf lpd^fgt \^mjnn gjib _dno\i^`n1 Ijr`q`m oc`t \gnj "i_ oc\o r`\gocd`m

k`jkg` \m` hjm` gdf`gt oj m`^`dq` om\ina`mn \ao`m oc` `\moclp\f` npbb`nodib m`bm`nndq` ^jin`lp`i^`n

oj oc` m\kd_ pko\f` ja hj]dg` hji`t n`mqd^`1 Tc`t \gnj ncjr oc\o oc` k\oo`mi ja m`hdoo\i^`n dn

hjno ^jindno`io rdoc \ hj_`g ja m`^dkmj^\g mdnf nc\mdib/ rc`m` om\ina`mn \m` _`o`mhdi`_ ]t k\no

m`^dkmj^dot \i_ b`jbm\kcd^\g kmjsdhdot m\oc`m oc\i ji` ja kpm` \gompdnh rc`m` om\ina`mn rjpg_ ]`

`sk`^o`_ oj ]` di^m`\n` di oc` r`\goc ja oc` n`i_`m \i_ _`^m`\ndib di oc` r`\goc ja oc` m`^dkd`io1

Npit`b`m\ \i_ N\onphjoj +5347, gjjf \o oc` dhk\^o ja hj]dg` hji`t n`mqd^`n ji cjpn`cjg_

r`ga\m` pndib k\i`g _\o\ amjh Ub\i_\/ "i_dib rd_`m ]`i`"on oj cjpn`cjg_ ^jinphkodji oc\i

epno oc` nhjjocdib ja ncj^fn1 Tc`t "i_ oc\o \_jkodib hj]dg` hji`t di^m`\n`n k`m ^\kdo\ ^ji0

nphkodji ]t 9=( \i_ oc\o oc` h`^c\idnh ajm ocdn dn \b\di ocmjpbc m`hdoo\i^`1 Ijpn`cjg_n rdoc

hj]dg` hji`t \m` 53 k`m^`io\b` kjdion hjm` gdf`gt oj m`^`dq` m`hdoo\i^`n/ m`^`dq` m`hdoo\i^`n

!6>G=BG@ FH;BE> 9BKMBF> BL 9G >9KEB>K# LBFIE>K L>KOB<> MA9G FH;BE> FHG>R ;NM 9ELH 9EEHPL MA> MK9GL?>K H? ?NG=L

;>MP>>G MPH I>HIE> OB9 9 FH;BE> IAHG> BG MA> ?HKF H? <9EE ;9E9G<>L% /HP>O>K BM BL FN<A A9K=>K MH MNKG MA> MK9GL?>KK>=

?NG=L BGMH <9LA 9G= <9G HGER BG?HKF9EER ;> =HG>

9

hjm` am`lp`iogt \i_ oc` ojo\g q\gp` ja oc` m`hdoo\i^`n m`^`dq`_ \m` cdbc`m 66( oc\i ajm iji0pn`m

cjpn`cjg_n1

C\odno\ \i_ Vd^`io` +5346, \m` oc` "mno oj pn` \i `sk`mdh`io\g _`ndbi oj \nn`nn oc` dhk\^o

ja m\i_jhdn`_ hj]dg` hji`t _dnn`hdi\odji di mpm\g Nju\h]dlp`1 Tc`t o\f` \_q\io\b` ja oc`

a\^o oc\o oc` m`^`io g\pi^c ja hj]dg` hji`t \ggjrn oc` _`o`mhdi\odji ja \ ^jiomjg bmjpk1 Tc`t

m\i_jhdn` rcd^c qdgg\b`n m`^`dq`_ \i dio`in` h\mf`odib ^\hk\dbi \i_ m`^mpdoh`io ja hj]dg` hji`t

\b`ion/ \i_ rcd^c di_dqd_p\gn m`^`dq`_ \i didod\g ]\g\i^` ajm ndbidib pk oj oc` n`mqd^`1 Tc`t ajpi_

oc\o 97( ja oc` di_dqd_p\gn om`\o`_ rdoc hj]dg` hji`t h\_` \o g`\no ji` om\in\^odji/ rcdg` <4(

_d_i*o rdoc_m\r oc` didod\g ]\g\i^` bdq`i oj oc`h rc`i oc`t ndbi`_ pk/ ^jindno`io rdoc \i di^m`\n`

di b`i`m\g "i\i^d\g gdo`m\^t \i_ ompno di oc` gj^\g \b`ion1 Tc`t \gnj ^ji_p^o`_ \ b\h` oj ^\g^pg\o`

oc` h\mbdi\g rdggdibi`nn oj n`i_ m`hdoo\i^`n/ \i_ "i_ ocdn di^m`\n`_ 90;( di oc` om`\oh`io bmjpk

^jhk\m`_ oj ^jiomjg1 Ijr`q`m/ oc`t _d_i*o aj^pn ji \it rd_`m ]`i`"on ja pndib hj]dg` hji`t jm ja

oc` n`i_dib ja m`hdoo\i^`n/ np^c \n di^m`\n`_ mdnf nc\mdib/ \n \ n\qdibn dinomph`io jm oj a\^dgdo\o`

om\in\^odjin1 Njm` m\i_jhdn`_ omd\gn oj c`gk _`o`mhdi` oc` ^\pn\g dhk\^o ja hj]dg` hji`t n`mqd^`n

rjpg_ ]` ]`i`"^d\g1

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Tc`m` \m` 7 hj]dg` hji`t kmjqd_`mn di T\iu\id\ ? Vj_\^jh*n N0Q`n\/ Y\io`g*n Y0Q`n\ \i_ Y\di*n

Y\k +ijr Bdmo`g Nji`t,/ \gg ja rcd^c g\pi^c`_ di 533<2=/ \i_ Tdbj*n Tdbj Q`n\ rcd^c g\pi^c`_

di 53431 N0k`n\ dn ]t a\m oc` g\mb`no ja oc`n` rdoc ;5( ja oc` h\mf`o1 T\f`0pk ja hj]dg` hji`t

ojjf j! ngjrgt/ rdoc jigt 318( ja cjpn`cjg_n c\qdib `q`m pn`_ hj]dg` hji`t di 533= +Gdin^jk`/

5346,/ ]po \ao`m Vj_\^jh didod\o`_ njh` ^c\ib`n \o oc` `i_ ja 533= oc` n`mqd^` ojjf j!/ m`\^cdib

\ lp\mo`m ja oc` kjkpg\odji ]t oc` `i_ ja 5344 \i_ \ ocdm_ ]t oc` `i_ ja 53461 Gmjh jigt =33

\b`ion di S`ko`h]`m 533=/ oc` n`mqd^` c\_ 4;/333 ]t E`^`h]`m 53461

Nj]dg` hji`t m`lpdm`n oc` pn`m oj c\q` \ hj]dg` kcji` \i_ ndh ^\m_ amjh oc` hj]dg` hji`t

kmjqd_`m1 Tc` pn`m hpno m`bdno`m ajm \ hj]dg` hji`t \^^jpio \i_ ^\i oc`i _`kjndo hji`t ocmjpbc

oc\o hj]dg` hji`t kmjqd_`mn* \b`ion/ rcd^c \m` pnp\ggt gj^\o`_ di ncjkn1 Tc` ^\nc dn oc`i `g`^0

omjid^\ggt _`kjndo`_ di oc` ^pnojh`m*n \^^jpio1 Dpnojh`mn ^\i om\ina`m hji`t qd\ SNS oj joc`m

k`jkg` `q`i ji _d!`m`io i`orjmfn/ \i_ h\f` rdoc_m\r\gn \o oc`dm i`orjmf*n \b`ion \itrc`m` di

oc` ^jpiomt1 Un`mn \m` ^c\mb`_ \ no`k0o\md! m\o` ajm n`i_dib hji`t \i_ ajm rdoc_m\rdib hji`t

amjh \b`ion/ rdoc a``n ajm N0Q`n\ ja \mjpi_ 43( ajm rdoc_m\rdib \i_ 6( ajm n`i_dib '8 \i_ a\ggdib

rdoc oc` \hjpio1 E`kjndodib hji`t ji oc` \^^jpio dn am``1

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J no\mo ]t n`oodib jpo oc` ^\ijid^\g hj_`g ja N\^` +4==4, oj ncjr cjr \bbm`b\o` ncj^fn dhk\^o

cjpn`cjg_ ^jinphkodji1 Tcdn dn \ ndhkg` am\h`rjmf rcd^c J pn` oj ncjr cjr cjpn`cjg_ ^jinphk0

odji q\md`n rdoc \bbm`b\o` ncj^fn1 J oc`i \__ \i `so`indji oj ocdn hj_`g ]t di^jmkjm\odib hj]dg`

hji`t n`mqd^`n \n \ #jr ja m`hdoo\i^`n oj cjpn`cjg_n1 Tcdn \ggjrn h` oj _`o`mhdi` ocm`` ^\n`n ja

oc` dhk\^o ja \bbm`b\o` ncj^fn ji ^jinphkodji rdoc \i_ rdocjpo hj]dg` hji`t n`mqd^`n \i_ rdoc

_d!`m`io _`bm``n ja qdgg\b` nc\mdib ja m`hdoo\i^`n1

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h`\i ]t oc` i`\m`no m\dia\gg no\odji oj oc` qdgg\b`/ \n pn`_ di K`in`i +5333,1 E`qd\odjin amjh oc`

cdnojmd^ h`\i ^\kopm` oc` `so`io oc\o m\dia\gg dn _d!`m`io amjh rc\o dn `sk`^o`_/ \i_ 4 no\i_\m_

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m\dia\gg ja <33hh \^mjnn oc` `iodm` ^jpiomt,1 Tc` \]njgpo` q\gp` dn pn`_ ]`^\pn` `doc`m ojj hp^c

jm orj gdoog` m\dia\gg ^\i ]` c\mhapg1 Pigt _`qd\odjin bm`\o`m oc\i 4 no\i_\m_ _`qd\odji di \]njgpo`

q\gp` \m` `s\hdi`_ ndi^` \ gdoog` ]do ojj hp^c jm ojj gdoog` m\di dn pigdf`gt oj c\q` \ ]db `!`^o/ \i_

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g`\_dib oj gjnn ja di^jh`1 Ji pm]\i \m`\n/ #jj_dib dn gdf`gt oj ]` oc` h\di h`^c\idnh ocjpbc rcd^c

m\dia\gg ncj^fn \!`^o di^jh` ]t km`q`iodib k`jkg` amjh rjmfdib \i_ ]t _`nomjtdib kmjk`mot1 Gjm

`s\hkg`/ di E\m `n S\g\\h di E`^`h]`m 5344 oc`m` r`m` n`q`m` #jj_n m`npgodib di jq`m 9/333 k`jkg`

]`dib _dnkg\^`_ \i_ g`ao cjh`g`nn1 J `s\hdi` oc` ndu` ja oc`n` _d!`m`io h`^c\idnhn ]t `s\hdidib

n`k\m\o`gt _mjpbcon \i_ #jj_n ajm ]joc pm]\i \i_ mpm\g cjpn`cjg_n1 Ji ]joc oc`n` `s\hkg`n

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53

^mjk _`nomp^odji \i_ amjh mpm\g oj pm]\i cjpn`cjg_n di oc` ^\n` ja n`q`m` #jj_n1

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k\i`g _\o\ n`o1

Tj ^jiomjg ajm cjpn`cjg_ ^c\m\^o`mdnod^n/ \gg m`bm`nndjin di^gp_` oc` apgg n`on ja ^jiomjgn amjh

T\]g` 4 \i_ ^gpno`m`_ `mmjmn \o oc` qdgg\b` g`q`g pig`nn no\o`_ joc`mrdn`1 So\i_\m_ `mmjmn \m`

^gpno`m`_ \o oc` qdgg\b` g`q`g ndi^` hj]dg` hji`t \b`ion \m` gj^\o`_ ]t qdgg\b` \i_ nj oc` _`^dndji

oj pn` hj]dg` hji`t rdgg ]` ^jmm`g\o`_ rdocdi qdgg\b`n ]po ijo \^mjnn qdgg\b`n1 Bgg m`bm`nndjin

\gnj ^jiomjg ajm qdgg\b` ^c\m\^o`mdnod^n rcd^c ^jpg_ \!`^o oc` `\n` ja n`i_dib m`hdoo\i^`n1 Tc`n`

\m` oc` _dno\i^` oj oc` i`\m`no h\di mj\_/ _dno\i^` oj i`\m`no kjkpg\odji ^`iom` \i_ _dno\i^` oj

i`\m`no h\mf`o1Tc` _\o\ dn \gnj r`dbco`_ di \gg m`bm`nndjin ]t oc` diq`mn` ja oc` kmj]\]dgdot oc\o oc`

j]n`mq\odji dn di^gp_`_ di oc` npmq`t1 Tc` npmq`t r\n nom\od"`_ di jm_`m oj kmj_p^` `nodh\o`n ajm

_d!`m`io np] kjkpg\odjin/ ajm `s\hkg` ]`or``i mpm\g \i_ pm]\i cjpn`cjg_n/ rdoc ndhdg\m ^ji"_`i^`

dio`mq\gn1 Tc` r`dbcon o\f` ocdn dioj \^^jpio1

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j]n`mq\]g` cjpn`cjg_ ^c\m\^o`mdnod^n rcd^c hdbco dhk\^o oc` cjpn`cjg_*n \]dgdot oj nhjjoc ncj^fn1

Jo ^\i ]` n``i amjh T\]g` 4 oc\o h\it ja oc` _`hjbm\kcd^ q\md\]g`n ^c\ib`_ jq`m odh` di^gp_dib

`_p^\odji/ hj]dg` kcji` jri`mncdk \i_ gj\in rcd^c \gg di^m`\n`_ \^mjnn oc` ocm`` r\q`n1 Tc`n`

^jpg_ c`gk \ cjpn`cjg_ nhjjoc ncj^fn/ ajm `s\hkg` ]t hj]dg` kcji` jri`mncdk kmjqd_dib \^^`nn

oj diajmh\odji \]jpo ncj^fn rcd^c h\f`n do `\nd`m ajm cjpn`cjg_n oj nhjjoc ncj^fn1 Ji^gp_dib \

n`o ja ^jq\md\o`n \i_ dio`m\^odjin ja oc`n` ^jq\md\o`n rdoc oc` ncj^f ^jiomjgn ajm \it `!`^on ja oc`n`

q\md\]g`n ji ^jinphkodji nhjjocdib1

Tc`m` \m` orj n`ga0n`g`^odji `!`^on rdoc m`b\m_n oj hj]dg` hji`t rcd^c ^jpg_ ]d\n ht m`npgon1

Tc` "mno dn n`ga0n`g`^odji ]t \ cjpn`cjg_ oj pn` hj]dg` hji`t1 S`ga0n`g`^odji `!`^on dioj pndib

hj]dg` hji`t \m` \]njm]`_ dioj oc` ^j`$^d`io ( ji ;;(+*/ rcd^c dn ijo oc` aj^pn ja ht \i\gtndn1

Tc` nphh\mt no\odnod^n +T\]g` 5, ncjr oc\o hj]dg` hji`t pn`mn \m` md^c`m \i_ ]`oo`m `_p^\o`_

oc\i iji0pn`mn1 Mjjfdib \o oc` \q`m\b` h\mbdi\g `!`^o amjh \ gjbdnod^ m`bm`nndji ja cjpn`cjg_

^c\m\^o`mdnod^n ji hj]dg` hji`t pn` +T\]g` 6,/ oc` o\]g` ncjrn oc\o ]`dib r`\gocd`m/ jridib \

hj]dg` kcji`/ c\qdib hjm` gj\in \i_ c\qdib \ ]\if \^^jpio \gg di^m`\n` oc` kmj]\]dgdot ja \

cjpn`cjg_ pndib hj]dg` hji`t1 B mpm\g cjpn`cjg_ dn 9( g`nn gdf`gt oj pn hj]dg` hji`t1 Ijpn`cjg_

c`\_ \b` \i_ cjpn`cjg_ ndu` _`^m`\n` oc` kmj]\]dgdot ja pndib hj]dg` hji`t rcdg` `_p^\odji ja oc`

cjpn`cjg_ c`\_ c\n ij ndbid"^\io dhk\^o1 J ^jiomjg ajm \gg oc`n` q\md\]g`n di \gg oc` m`bm`nndjin1

J \gnj ^jiomjg ajm pij]n`mq\]g` ^c\m\^o`mdnod^n ja cjpn`cjg_n ]t pndib "s`_ `!`^on1 Uij]n`mq\]g`

^c\m\^o`mdnod^n np^c \n o`^cijgjbt km`a`m`i^` jm \]dgdot rjpg_ joc`mrdn` ]d\n oc` ^j`$^d`io ji

55

hj]dg` hji`t pn` pkr\m_n1 Gjm `s\hkg`/ k`jkg` hjm` rdggdib oj omt i`r o`^cijgjbt hdbco pn`

hj]dg` hji`t \i_ \gnj c\q` cdbc`m di^jh`n/ ]d\ndib pkr\m_n oc` ^j`$^d`io ji hj]dg` hji`t pn`1

Pm kjjm`m +md^c`m, k`jkg` hdbco gdq` di kg\^`n oc\o `sk`md`i^` hjm` ncj^fn \i_ pn` hj]dg` hji`t nj

oc\o oc`t ^\i m`^`dq` m`hdoo\i^`n amjh a\hdgt `gn`rc`m`/ m`npgodib di \ _jrir\m_n +pkr\m_n, ]d\n

ji oc` ncj^f hj]dg` hji`t dio`m\^odji1 Q\i`g _\o\ \ggjrn h` oj ^jiomjg ajm ^jino\io ^c\m\^o`mdnod^n

ja oc` cjpn`cjg_n1

S`^ji_gt oc`m` dn n`ga0n`g`^odji ]t hj]dg` hji`t \b`ion dioj qdgg\b`n1 Ja hj]dg` hji`t \b`ion \m`

hjm` gdf`gt oj n`g`^o dioj qdgg\b`n rdoc ^`mo\di ^dodu`i ^c\m\^o`mdnod^n/ np^c \n r`\gocd`m dic\]do\ion/

ocdn ^jpg_ ^jiajpi_ ht m`npgon1 Gjm `s\hkg`/ da hj]dg` hji`t \b`ion jigt gj^\o` di r`\gocd`m

kg\^`n oc`i ocdn rdgg ]d\n oc` ^j`$^d`io ji hj]dg` hji`t pn` pkr\m_n1 J oc`m`ajm` mpi \ gjbdnod^

m`bm`nndji ja oc` km`n`i^` ja \ hj]dg` hji`t \b`io rdocdi 8fh ji \q`m\b` j]n`mq`_ ^c\m\^o`mdnod^n

ja oc` qdgg\b` dic\]do\ion \i_ ^jhkg`o` n`o ja qdgg\b` ^c\m\^o`mdnod^n1 Ji T\]g` 7 J ncjr oc` \q`m\b`

h\mbdi\g `!`^o ja `\^c ^jq\md\o`1 Pa oc` qdgg\b` ^c\m\^o`mdnod^n/ 4 dn ndbid"^\io \o oc` 4( g`q`g/ 5

\o oc` 8( \i_ 5 \o oc` 43( ndbid"^\i^` g`q`g1

Pq`m\gg/ ocdn npbb`non oc\o hj]dg` hji`t \b`ion \m` ijo ^cjjndib oj n`g`^o dioj qdgg\b`n ]\n`_ ji

cjpn`cjg_ \i_ qdgg\b` ^c\m\^o`mdnod^n1 Tcdn h\f`n n`in` ndi^` oc` h\ejmdot ja \b`ion \m` `sdnodib/

ndibg`0jri`_/ nh\gg ]pndi`nn`n rcj km`qdjpngt njg_ \dmodh` \i_ ndh ^\m_n ajm \ hj]dg` jk`m\ojm1

Bb`ion o\f` \ ^jhhdnndji ji oc` om\in\^odjin oc`t h\f` nj do ]`i`"on ]pndi`nn`n m`b\m_g`nn ja

oc`dm gj^\odji oj ndbi pk oj ]`^jh` \i \b`io/ \i_ oc` hj]dg` jk`m\ojmn rdgg om\di oc`h/ kmjqd_`

oc` `lpdkh`io \i_ \ no\mo`m #j\o di jm_`m oj h\f` do \n `\nt \n kjnnd]g` ajm \ ]pndi`nn oj ]`^jh`

\i \b`io1 Sdi^` hjno \b`ion jk`m\o` jpo ja \i `sdnodib ]pndi`nn +pnp\ggt \ nh\gg ncjk, oc`m` dn

gdoog` hjq`h`io ja \b`ion oj/ ajm `s\hkg`/ r`\gocd`m gj^\odjin/ ocjpbc oc`m` dn \ cdbc`m _`indot ja

\b`ion di r`\gocd`m \i_ hjm` kjkpg\o`_ gj^\odjin np^c \n ^dod`n1

J \nnph` \bbm`b\o` ncj^fn \m` `sjb`ijpn/ \ m`\nji\]g` \nnphkodji ndi^` di n`ga m`kjmo`_ _\o\

ncj^fn \m` pi`sk`^o`_ g\mb` `q`ion \i_ di oc` m\dia\gg ^jinomp^o`_ _\o\ oc`t \m` g\mb` pipnp\g

`q`ion ji` no\i_\m_ _`qd\odji \r\t amjh oc` h`\i di \]njgpo` q\gp`1 J ^c`^f m\dia\gg ncj^fn \m`

`sjb`ijpn ]t m`bm`nndib oc` ncj^f h`\npm`n ji cjpn`cjg_ ^c\m\^o`mdnod^n +n`` N`^c\idnhn n`^odji,

\i_ "i_ oc\o oc`n` _j ijo km`_d^o \ m\dia\gg ncj^f +ajm `s\hkg` kjjm`m qdgg\b`n _j ijo `sk`md`i^`

hjm` ncj^fn \i_ kjjm`m k`jkg` \m`i*o hjm` gdf`gt oj m`kjmo \ m\dia\gg ncj^f,1

J \gnj ^ji"mh oc\o oc` m\dia\gg ncj^fn \m` di a\^o \!`^odib hjno k`jkg` di oc` qdgg\b` \o ji^`1

Tj _j ocdn J gjjf \o oc` diom\0^g\nn ^jmm`g\odji/ rcd^c h`\npm`n oc` kmjkjmodji ja jq`m\gg q\md\i^`

`skg\di`_ ]t rdocdi bmjpk q\md\i^`/ rc`m` oc` bmjpk r\n oc` qdgg\b` jm `iph`m\odji \m`\ di T\]g`

8,1 Bi diom\0^g\nn ^jmm`g\odji ja 4 h`\in oc` q\md\]g` dn oc` n\h` ajm `q`mtji` di oc` ^g\nn1 Bi

diom\0^g\nn ^jmm`g\odji ja 3 h`\in oc` q\md\]g` dn ij hjm` ndhdg\m rdocdi oc` ^g\nn oc\i di _d!`m`io

^g\nn`n1 I`m` oc` ^g\nn`n \m` oc` `iph`m\odji \m`\n1

56

T\]g` 6> Djmm`g\odjin ja hj]dg` hji`t pn`

NN pn`@4 da cjpn`cjg_ pn`n hj]dg` hji`t

Rpm\g 031396---

+31345,

W`\gocn^jm` 31336<---

+31334,

I`\_ `_p^\odji 31335

+31334,

I`\_ \b` 031334---

+31333,

Ijpn`cjg_ ndu` 031337---

+31335,

Nj]dg` kcji` jri`mncdk 314;9---

+3134=,

Oph]`m ja gj\in 31377---

+3133=,

C\if \^^jpio 31396---

+3133=,

RPSDB 3135;

+3134;,

P]n`mq\odjin =/5;<

Bq`m\b` h\mbdi\g `!`^on amjh gjbdo m`bm`nndjin ja hj]dg` hji`t

pn` \i_ hj]dg` hji`t \b`io \^^`nn1 Fmmjmn \m` ^gpno`m`_ \o oc`

qdgg\b` g`q`g \i_ ^jq\md\o`n \m` \o oc` cjpn`cjg_ g`q`g

So\i_\m_ `mmjmn di ]m\^f`on/ --- k03134/ -- k03138/ - k0314

57

T\]g` 7> Djmm`g\odjin ja hj]dg` hji`t \^^`nn

NN \b`io@4 da hj]dg` hji`t \b`io rdocdi 8fh

Rpm\g 031369+31368,

C\n` r`\goc 03133=+31343,

I`\_ `_p^p^\odji a\hdgt 31346+3133=,

I`\_ \b` 031333+31335,

Ijpn`cjg_ ndus` 031337+3133<,

Nj]dg` kcji` jri`mncdk 0313;;+31398,

Oph]`m ja gj\in 313;=+313=3,

C\if \^^jpio 031384+313;8,

RPSDB 31538+31465,

BTN 313=3-+31387,

C\if 031367+31388,

Djhhpidot o\k r\o`m 031353+31358,

Djpmo 31348+3136;,

c`\goc ^`iom` 3134=+31356,

cjnkdo\g 31336+31378,

kmdh\mt n^cjjg 031338+31365,

n`^ji_\mt n^cjjg 31387--+31355,

N\mf`o _\dgt 31377-+31359,

N\mf`o r``fgt 313<<---+31359,

Qjgd^` no\odji 3138;--+31359,

Qjno j$^` 03136<+31377,

Opmn\mt 3133;+31368,

SBDDPn 31337+31356,

P]n`mq\odjin 4/393Tc` m`bm`nndji dn mpi \o oc` qdgg\b` g`q`g/ rdoc qdgg\b` g`q`g \q0

`m\b`n ja oc` cjpn`cjg_ ^jq\md\o`n \i_ \gnj di^gp_`n qdgg\b` g`q`g

^c\m\^o`mdnod^n rcd^c ^jpg_ \!`^o \i \b`io*n _`^dndji ji rc`oc`m

oj gj^\o` oc`m`1--- k03134/ -- k03138/ - k0314

58

T\]g` 8> Jiom\0^g\nn ^jmm`g\odji ^j`$^d`ion +JDD, ajm _d!`m`io ncj^fn

JDD

#99C793E7 D;A5=D

4 n_ m\di ncj^f 31=7=

S`ga m`kjmo`_ m\di ncj^f 31463

M\mb` a\gg ^mjk kmd^` 313=5

M\mb` mdn` ajj_ kmd^` 313<;

M\mb` mdn` \bmd dikpo kmd^` 3144=

)6<ADI@5C3E<5 D;A5=D

Ijpn`cjg_ ]pndi`nn a\dgpm` 31356

Mjnn ja n\g\md`n `hkgjth`io 313;8

Dcmjid^2n`q`m` dggi`nn 31333

E`\oc ja \ cjpn`cjg_ h`h]`m 31333

Gdm` di cjh` 3134<

Tc` diom\0^g\nn ^jmm`g\odji ^j`$^d`io bdq`n oc` kmjkjmodji ja oc`

jq`m\gg q\md\i^` oc\o dn `skg\di`_ ]t rdocdi ^g\nn q\md\i^`1 Bi

diom\0^g\nn ^jmm`g\odji ja 4 h`\in oc` q\md\]g` dn oc` n\h` ajm `q0

`mtji` di oc` ^g\nn1 Bi diom\0^g\nn ^jmm`g\odji ja 3 h`\in oc` q\md0

\]g` dn ij hjm` ndhdg\m rdocdi oc` ^g\nn oc\i di _d!`m`io ^g\nn`n1

I`m` oc` ^g\nn`n \m` oc` `iph`m\odji \m`\n

So\i_\m_ `mmjmn di ]m\^f`on/ --- k03134/ -- k03138/ - k0314

59

Tc` diom\0^g\nn ^jmm`g\odji ajm oc` ji` no\i_\m_ _`qd\odji m\dia\gg ncj^f dn 31=7= rcd^c dn ijo

npmkmdndib ndi^` m\dia\gg r\n _`"i`_ ajm \i `iph`m\odji \m`\1 Tc` a\^o oc\o do dn ijo ji` gdf`gt

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rdoc oc` ncj^f1

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ht m`npgon/ \i_ nj ht aj^pn di oc` m`no ja ocdn k\k`m rdgg ]` ji oc` ndhkg` _d!`m`i^`0di0_d!`m`i^`

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ji oc` pndib cjpn`cjg_ dn ]`or``i 44 \i_ 47( \i_ nomjibgt ndbid"^\io1 Ijr`q`m/ ji^` cjpn`cjg_

"s`_ `!`^on c\q` ]``i di^gp_`_/ ocdn a\ggn oj \ ]`i`"o ja 3( ja ^jinphkodji \i_ dn ijo ndbid"^\io1

Tcdn ^ji"mhn oc`m` dn ]d\n di oc` _dm`^o `!`^o ja hj]dg` hji`t pn` amjh \ n`g`^odji `!`^o1 Pq`m\gg

do ^\i ]` n``i oc\o di oc` \]n`i^` ja \i \bbm`b\o` ncj^f/ pn`mn ja hj]dg` hji`t nc\m` m`hdoo\i^`n

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ja hj]dg` hji`t b`on ij ]`i`"o \]jq` oc` ]`i`"o _`k`i_`io ji oc` kmjkjmodji ja cjpn`cjg_n di

oc` qdgg\b` pndib hj]dg` hji`t1

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63

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`skgjm` oc`n` di _`o\dg di oc` Dji^gpndji1

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^c\m\^o`mdnod^n ja kg\^`n oc\o b`o hj]dg` hji`t \b`ion jm cjpn`cjg_n rcd^c ^cjjn` oj pn` hj]dg`

hji`t oc\o dn _mdqdib ht m`npgon1

Tc` ICS di^gp_`n _d!`m`io ^jhkjndodjin ja bjj_n di oc` h`\npm` ja iji0ajj_ ^jinphkodji +ajm

`s\hkg` di oc` di^gpndji \i_ _`km`^d\odji ja _pm\]g` \nn`on, \i_ c`i^` dn ijo _dm`^ogt ^jhk\m\]g`

64

oj oc` `sk`i_dopm` h`\npm` pn`_ di oc` OQS1 J oc`m`ajm` gjjf jigt \o ajj_ ^jinphkodji k`m ^\kdo\

rc`i J `nodh\o` +44, 1 J ^jinomp^o`_ oc` n\h` h`\npm`n ja ^jiomjg q\md\]g`n oj h\o^c ocjn` pn`_ ajm

di oc` h\di \i\gtndn np^c \n cjpn`cjg_ c`\_ `_p^\odji/ cjpn`cjg_ ndu` \i_ j^^pk\odji _phhd`n1

Uiajmopi\o`gt njh` q\md\]g`n r`m` ijo m`^jm_`_ di oc` ICS/ np^c \n _`o\dg`_ "i\i^d\g _\o\/ ndi^`

oc` npmq`t r\n kmdi^dk\ggt \dh`_ \o h`\npmdib kjq`mot \i_ nj _d_ ijo \nf \n md^c \ n`o ja lp`nodjin

\n oc` OQS1 Tc` ICS _d_i*o \nf lp`nodjin ji oc` iph]`m ja gj\in \ cjpn`cjg_ c\_/ ]\if \^^jpio

pn` jm h`h]`mncdk ja \ RPSDB1 Ji ^jhk\mdib oc` kg\^`]j o`no oj ht h\di m`npgo J oc`m`ajm`

m`0mpi +43, pndib jigt k`m ^\kdo\ ajj_ ^jinphkodji \i_ rdoc oc` n\h` n`o ja ^jiomjgn \q\dg\]g` di

oc` ICS oj h\f` oc` m`npgon \n ^jhk\m\]g` \n kjnnd]g`1 Tc`n` \m` m`^jm_`_ \gjibnd_` oc` kg\^`]j

o`no1 Tc` m\dia\gg ncj^f q\md\]g` pn`_ c`m` dn \ n`ga0m`kjmo`_ _mjpbco jm #jj_1 Tcdn diajmh\odji

r\n \nf`_ di oc` OQS ajm oc` g\no 8 t`\mn nj J r\n \]g` oj ^m`\o` \ ncj^f _phht ajm oc` 533; _\o\1

Tc` m`npgon di T\]g` < ncjr oc` kg\^`]j o`no di ^jgphin +4, \i_ +5, \gjibnd_` oc` `lpdq\g`io

m`bm`nndjin ja \^op\g hj]dg` hji`t pn` ji ajj_ ^jinphkodji k`m ^\kdo\ \i_ rdoc oc` n\h` n`o ja

^jiomjg q\md\]g`n di ^jgphin +6, \i_ +7,1 J "i_ oc\o ajj_ ^jinphkodji m`\^on oj m\dia\gg ncj^fn

di oc` ndhkg` _d!`m`i^`0di0_d!`m`i^` nk`^d"^\odjin/ ocjpbc g`nn nomjibgt oc\i ojo\g `sk`i_dopm`

_d_/ k`mc\kn ]`^\pn` cjpn`cjg_n \m` gdf`gt oj kmjo`^o oc` nhjjocdib ja ajj_ jq`m joc`m ajmhn ja

^jinphkodji \ao`m \ ncj^f1 Tc`m` dn ij _d!`m`iod\g `!`^o ajm cjpn`cjg_n rcd^c pn` hj]dg` hji`t

di oc` apopm` di oc`dm ^jinphkodji jm \]dgdot oj m`nkji_ oj \ ncj^f di oc` k\no1 Tcdn g`i_n npkkjmo

oj oc` ^jhhji om`i_ \nnphkodji i`^`nn\mt ajm pndib \ _d!`m`i^`0di0_d!`m`i^` nk`^d"^\odji \i_

npbb`non oc` `h`mb`i^` ja \ ndbid"^\io m`g\odjincdk ]`or``i oc` \]dgdot oj nhjjoc ncj^fn \i_

hj]dg` hji`t dn _p` oj oc` pn` ja hj]dg` hji`t \i_ ijo \ijoc`m q\md\]g`1

)%(%' 2< MBDMBNNFKJN

Ja hj]dg` hji`t pn` dn `i_jb`ijpn oj cjpn`cjg_*n \]dgdot oj nhjjoc ^jinphkodji _p` oj n`ga0

n`g`^odji ja cjpn`cjg_n dioj hj]dg` hji`t pn` oc`i ht m`npgon rdgg ]` ]d\n`_1 J ^\i pn` dinomph`io\g

q\md\]g` m`bm`nndji oj ^jiomjg ajm ocdn1 Hdq`i oc`m` \m` orj kjo`iod\ggt `i_jb`ijpn q\md\]g`n/ hj]dg`

hji`t pn` \i_ oc` ncj^f dio`m\^odji rdoc hj]dg` hji`t pn`/ J i``_ orj dinomph`ion1 Bi dinomp0

h`io rjpg_ i``_ oj ]` ^jmm`g\o`_ rdoc hj]dg` hji`t pn` +m`g`q\io, ]po ijo \!`^o ^jinphkodji

nhjjocdib di_`k`i_`iogt +`sjb`ijpn,1

Bi dinomph`io oc\o c\n \gnj ]``i pn`_ di oc` gdo`m\opm` dn _dno\i^` oj oc` i`\m`no hj]dg` hji`t

\b`io1 Edno\i^` oj oc` i`\m`no \b`io dn ^jmm`g\o`_ rdoc hj]dg` hji`t pn` ndi^` do dn `\nd`m oj pn`

hj]dg` hji`t da \i \b`io dn i`\m]t1 Bi_ do ncjpg_i*o ]` ^jmm`g\o`_ rdoc pij]n`mq`_ _`o`mhdi\ion

ja oc` \]dgdot ja cjpn`cjg_n di \ qdgg\b` oj nhjjoc mdnf1 Ji \__dodji oj oc` _dno\i^` oj oc` i`\m`no

\b`io/ rcd^c dn jigt km`n`io di oc` ^\n` oc`m` dn ij \b`io rdocdi oc` qdgg\b`/ J \gnj c\q` \ _phht

65

T\]g` <> Qg\^`]j o`no ja apopm` hj]dg` hji`t pn` 533;0533=

E`k`i_`io q\md\]g`> Mjb ajj_ ^jinphkodji k`m ^\kdo\

Qg\^`]j km`0hj]dg` hji`t _\o\ B^op\g hj]dg` hji`t pn` _\o\

+4, +5, +6, +7,

Ed!0di0_d! GF Ed!0di0_d! GF

R\di ncj^f 03138-- 03137 0313;--- 03137

+3136, +3138, +3136, +3137,

NN `q`m 03137 03138

+3138, +3138,

NN pn` 3139-- 3139--

+3136, +3136,

R\di ncj^f-NN `q`m 3134 3134

+313=, +3134,

R\di ncj^f-NN pn` 3144-- 3145--

+3138, +3139,

P]n`mq\odjin 5/665 5/665 =/89; =/89;

Oph]`m ja cjpn`cjg_n 4/537 4/537 6/;6< 6/;6<

R0nlp\m`_ 3169= 31558 315;9 31434

R`bm`nndjin di^gp_` ^gpno`m`_ `mmjmn \o oc` qdgg\b` g`q`g \i_ \ m`_p^`_ n`o ja ^jiomjg q\md\]g`n

^jindnodib ja> cjpn`cjg_ c`\_ \b`/ cjpn`cjg_ c`\_ `_p^\odji/ a`h\g` c`\_ _phht/ cjpn`0

cjg_ ndu`/ mpm\g _phht/ rc`oc`m oc` cjpn`cjg_ jrin \ hj]dg` kcji`/ ]\n`gdi` r`\goc g`q`g

^jinomp^o`_ amjh kmdi^dk\g ^jhkji`io \i\gtndn \i_ cjpn`cjg_ c`\_ j^^pk\odji _phhd`n1

Tc` ncj^f q\md\]g` c`m` dn \ n`ga0m`kjmo`_ _mjpbco jm #jj_ _phht1 R`bm`nndjin +4, \i_

+5, mpi nk`^d"^\odji +44, ji 533; \i_ 533<0= _\o\ rdoc \ _phht q\md\]g` NN `q`m da \

cjpn`cjg_ `q`m pn`_ hj]dg` hji`t \ao`m 533= \i_ m`bm`nndjin +6, \i_ +7, mpi nk`^d"^\odji

+43, ji oc` ocm`` r\q`n ja OQS _\o\1 NN pn` dn \ _phht q\md\]g` `lp\g oj ji` da oc`

cjpn`cjg_ pn`n hj]dg` hji`t di \ bdq`i t`\m1

So\i_\m_ `mmjmn di ]m\^f`on/ --- k03134/ -- k03138/ - k0314

66

di_d^\odib rc`oc`m oc`m` dn \ hj]dg` hji`t \b`io di oc` qdgg\b` jm ijo1 Tjb`oc`m oc`n` orj q\md\]g`n

_`"i` \^^`nn oj \ hj]dg` hji`t \b`io/ ndi^` do dn jigt rc`i oc`m` dn ij \b`io di oc` qdgg\b` oc\o oc`

_dno\i^` oj oc` i`\m`no \b`io h\oo`mn1 J oc`m`ajm` dinomph`io rdoc oc` _dno\i^` oj \i_ km`n`i^` ja

\ hj]dg` hji`t \b`io \i_ oc` dio`m\^odjin ja _dno\i^` oj \i_ km`n`i^` ja \ hj]dg` hji`t \b`io

rdoc oc` m\dia\gg ncj^f1

Tc` dinomph`io\g q\md\]g` m`npgon di T\]g` = ^ji"mh oc\o oc` m\dia\gg ncj^f c\n \ i`b\odq` `!`^o

ji ^jinphkodji k`m ^\kdo\ ja ]`or``i 9 \i_ 43(/ ]po dn jigt ndbid"^\io di ji` m`bm`nndji \o oc`

43( g`q`g1 Nj]dg` hji`t hdodb\o`n oc` `!`^o ja \ ncj^f ]po iji` ja oc` ^j`$^d`ion \m` ndbid"^\io1

Nj]dg` hji`t pn` c\n \ i`b\odq` dhk\^o ji k`m ^\kdo\ ^jinphkodji ]po dn \gnj ijo ndbid"^\io di

\it ja oc` m`bm`nndjin1 Vdgg\b` hj]dg` hji`t pn` c\n \ kjndodq` `!`^o ]po dn ijo ndbid"^\io1

Tc` pi_`md_`iod"^\odji o`no dn \ MN o`no ja rc`oc`m oc` dinomph`ion \m` ^jmm`g\o`_ rdoc oc`

`i_jb`ijpn q\md\]g`n1 Tc` ipgg ctkjoc`ndn dn oc\o oc` `lp\odji dn pi_`md_`iod"`_ \i_ ocdn dn

_dnomd]po`_ \n \ ^cd0nlp\m`_ _dnomd]podji1 Tc` ipgg dn m`e`^o`_ ajm \gg ht m`bm`nndjin \o \o g`\no oc`

43( g`q`g1

Tc` S\mb\i0I\in`i o`no dn \i jq`m0d_`iod"^\odji o`no rcd^c _`o`mhdi`n da oc` dinomph`ion \m`

`sjb`ijpn +pi^jmm`g\o`_ rdoc oc` `mmjm o`mh,1 Sdi^` J c\q` 7 dinomph`ion +km`n`i^` \i_ _dno\i^` oj

oc` i`\m`no \b`io \i_ oc`dm dio`m\^odjin rdoc oc` ncj^fn, \i_ 5 `i_jb`ijpn q\md\]g`n J ^\i k`majmh

\i jq`m0d_`iod"^\odji o`no oj o`no oc` q\gd_dot ja oc` n`o ja dinomph`ion1 Tc` ipgg ctkjoc`ndn dn oc\o

oc` dinomph`ion \m` pi^jmm`g\o`_ rdoc oc` `mmjm o`mh \i_ \i_ oc`i oc` o`no no\odnod^ dn _dnomd]po`_

\n ^cd0nlp\m`_1 Sdi^` ht `mmjmn \m` ^gpno`m`_/ oc` I\in`i K no\odnod^ dn m`kjmo`_ \i_ \ggjrn `mmjmn

oj ]` ^gpno`m`_ rdocdi qdgg\b`n1 J ^\iijo m`e`^o oc` ipgg ctkjoc`ndn oc\o \gg ht dinomph`ion \m`

q\gd_ ajm \it ja oc` m`bm`nndjin1

Tc` G0no\odnod^n ji oc` "mno no\b` m`bm`nndjin ajm hj]dg` hji`t pn` \m` gjr npbb`nodib ht

dinomph`ion \m` r`\f1 B r`\f dinomph`io h`\in oc\o oc` `skg\i\ojmt kjr`m ja oc` dinomph`io

dn ijo `ijpbc oj \ggjr oc` ^j`$^d`io ja dio`m`no di oc` n`^ji_ no\b` m`bm`nndji oj ]` _`o`mhdi`_1

I\qdib r`\f dinomph`ion m`npgon di \ kjo`iod\ggt g\mb` ]d\n di ht m`npgon1 Tc` Dm\bb0Eji\g_

W\g_ G no\odnod^ dn pn`_ oj o`no oc` nom`iboc ja hjm` oc\i ji` `s^gp_`_ dinomph`ion1 Gjm oc`

JV m`bm`nndjin oj c\q` g`nn oc\i 8( ja oc` ]d\n ja PMS oc`i oc` ^mdod^\g q\gp` ajm oc` G0no\odnod^

dn 461761 Cjoc ht Dm\bb0Eji\g_ W\g_ G0no\odnod^n \m` g`nn oc\i ocdn ^mdod^\g q\gp` h`\idib ht

JV m`npgon ncjpg_ ]` dio`mkm`o`_ rdoc ^\podji _p` oj oc`dm kjo`iod\g ]d\n1 W`\f dinomph`ion \gnj

m`npgo di g\mb` no\i_\m_ `mmjmn \n n``i di ht m`npgon1 S`^ji_gt J \h omtdib oj dinomph`io ajm orj

`i_jb`ijpn q\md\]g`n rcd^c \gnj m`npgon di \ gjnn ja km`^dndji \i_ c`i^` cdbc no\i_\m_ `mmjmn1

Pq`m\gg ocjpbc/ ht JV m`npgon ^\iijo m`e`^o ht h\di "i_dibn \i_ kmjqd_` npkkjmo ajm ht

m`npgon \gjibnd_` oc` kg\^`]j o`no \i_ kmjk`indot n^jm` h\o^cdib1

67

T\]g` => JV m`npgon

E`k`i_`io q\md\]g`> Mjb ^jinphkodji k`m ^\kdo\

S`ga m`kjmo`_ ncj^f 4 n_ m\di ncj^f

+4, +5,

JV GF JV GF

R\di ncj^f 031399 0313=4-

+31396, +31384,

Vdgg\b` NN pn` 31533 318;9

+31753, +316<;,

Nj]dg` hji`t pn` 0313<8 031<9;

+31;36, +31;84,

R\di ncj^f-NN pn` 31369 316=9

+31683, +3158<,

R0nlp\m`_ 31457 31484

P]n`mq\odjin 6/5<9 6/5<9

Oph]`m ja cjpn`cjg_n 4/976 4/976

G0no\o ji `s^gp_`_ dinomph`ion ajm NN pn` 718; =1;4

G0no\o ji `s^gp_`_ dinomph`ion ajm R\di ncj^f-NN pn` 4513; 8316

Dm\bb0Eji\g_ W\g_ G no\odnod^ 41=9 5173

Ui_`md_`iod"^\odji o`no ," k0q\gp` 3133 3135

S\mb\i0I\in`i o`no ," k0q\gp` 3179 314;

Jinomph`ion r`m` _dno\i^` oj i`\m`no hj]dg` hji`t \b`io \i_ \ _phht di_d^\odib \ hj]dg`

hji`t \b`io rdocdi oc` qdgg\b`/ \i_ oc`dm dio`m\^odjin rdoc oc` ncj^f q\md\]g`1 Bgg m`bm`nndjin

di^gp_` apgg n`o ja cjpn`cjg_ ^jiomjg q\md\]g`n amjh T\]g` 41 Bgg m`bm`nndjin \gnj ^jiomjg ajm

qdgg\b` ^c\m\^o`mdnod^n rcd^c ^jpg_ \!`^o oc` `\n` ja n`i_dib m`hdoo\i^`n1 Tc`n` \m` oc`

_dno\i^` oj oc` i`\m`no h\di mj\_/ _dno\i^` oj i`\m`no kjkpg\odji ^`iom` \i_ _dno\i^` oj

i`\m`no h\mf`o1 Vdgg\b` NN pn` m`a`mn oj oc` kmjkjmodji ja cjpn`cjg_n di oc` qdgg\b` pndib

hj]dg` hji`t1 Nj]dg` hji`t pn` dn \ _phht q\md\]g` `lp\g oj ji` da oc\o cjpn`cjg_ pn`n

hj]dg` hji`t1

So\i_\m_ `mmjmn di ]m\^f`on/ --- k03134/ -- k03138/ - k0314

68

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J pn` kmjk`indot n^jm` h\o^cdib oj mpi `lp\odji +43, ji \ n\hkg` ja hj]dg` hji`t pn`mn \i_ iji0

pn`mn +di qdgg\b`n rdocjpo hj]dg` hji`t, h\o^c`_ ji oc`dm j]n`mq\]g` ^jq\md\o`n1 Qmjk`indot n^jm`

h\o^cdib r\n _`q`gjk`_ oj m`_p^` oc` ]d\n di `nodh\o`_ om`\oh`io `!`^on rdoc j]n`mq\odji\g _\o\

n`on1 N\o^cdib diqjgq`n ^jinomp^odib \i \mod"^d\g ^jhk\mdnji bmjpk pndib j]n`mq\]g` ^c\m\^o`mdnod^n

nj oc\o ajm `q`mt om`\o`_ +pn`m ja hj]dg` hji`t, j]n`mq\odji oc`m` dn \i piom`\o`_ +iji0pn`m ja

hj]dg` hji`t, ji` \n ndhdg\m \n kjnnd]g` di j]n`mq\]g` ^c\m\^o`mdnod^n1 Jo m`lpdm`n oc` nomjib

\nnphkodji oc\o oc`m` \m` ij pij]n`mq\]g` _d!`m`i^`n ]`or``i oc` om`\oh`io \i_ \mod"^d\g ^jiomjg

bmjpk \gnj ^jmm`g\o`_ rdoc oc`dm \]dgdot oj nhjjoc mdnf1 Qmjk`indot n^jm` h\o^cdib ^jinomp^on \

kmj]\]dgdot oc\o \ cjpn`cjg_ rdgg pn` hj]dg` hji`t ]\n`_ ji j]n`mq\]g` ^c\m\^o`mdnod^n1 Tcdn dn _ji`

]t mpiidib \ kmj]do m`bm`nndji ji hj]dg` hji`t pn` ji oc` n`o ja j]n`mq\]g` ]\n`gdi` ^c\m\^o`mdnod^n1

Tc` kmj]\]dgdot oc\o \ cjpn`cjg_ pn`n hj]dg` hji`t ^ji_dodji\g ji don ^c\m\^o`mdnod^n ^\i ]`

`skm`nn`_ \n>

Qm+S, @ QmZ= @ 4'= @ S[ +45,

rc`m` = @ 4 ajm cjpn`cjg_n pndib hj]dg` hji`t \i_ 3 joc`mrdn`/ \i_ = dn \ q`^ojm ja ^c\m\^o`mdn0

od^n1 Tc` kmjk`indot n^jm`n \m` oc`i pn`_ oj h\o^c oc` hj]dg` hji`t pn`mn rdoc oc` ^jmm`nkji_dib

iji0pn`mn rdoc oc` ^gjn`no n^jm`/ oc`m`]t ^jinomp^odib \i \mod"^d\g ^jiomjg bmjpk \n ndhdg\m \n

kjnnd]g` oj oc` hj]dg` hji`t pn`mn1

Gjm oc` h\o^cdib/ J pn` i`\m`no i`dbc]jpm h\o^cdib rdoc m`kg\^`h`io/ rc`m` `\^c hj]dg` hji`t

pn`m dn h\o^c`_ oj don i`\m`no i`dbc]jpm iji0pn`m ]\n`_ ji oc` kmjk`indot n^jm`1 Tc`n` ^gjn`no

iji0pn`mn \m` oc` ^jhk\mdnji bmjpk \i_ \m` pn`_ oj kmj_p^` \i `nodh\o` ja oc` ^jpio`ma\^op\g1

Qmjk`indot n^jm` h\o^cdib oc`m`ajm` omd`n oj hdhd^ oc` m\i_jh \nndbih`io oj om`\oh`io \i_ ^jiomjg

bmjpk ]t ^cjjndib \ n\hkg` ajm oc` ^jiomjg bmjpk rdoc oc` hjno ndhdg\m kmjk`indod`n oj oc` om`\oh`io

bmjpk1 R`kg\^`h`io di^m`\n`n oc` \^^pm\^t ja oc` h\o^cdib ]po m`_p^`_ oc` iph]`m ja iji0pn`mn

pn`_ oj h\o^c oc` pn`mn/ oc`m`ajm` di^m`\ndib oc` q\md\i^` ja oc` ^j`$^d`ion1 F\^c h\o^c`_ iji0

pn`m dn \nndbi`_ \ am`lp`i^t r`dbco `lp\g oj oc` iph]`m ja pn`mn do dn h\o^c`_ oj1

J oc`i pn` oc`n` am`lp`i^t r`dbcon \n oc` r`dbcon di \ _d!`m`i^`0di0_d!`m`i^` m`bm`nndji \n di

+43,1 Tc`n` \m` m`kjmo`_ di T\]g` 431 Tc` m\dia\gg ncj^f g`\_n oj \ 9048( a\gg di ^jinphkodji

]po ocdn `!`^o dn hdodb\o`_ ajm hj]dg` hji`t pn`mn1 Uigdf` di oc` h\di m`npgon di o\]g` ;/ oc`m`

dn ij ]`i`"o amjh joc`m k`jkg` pndib hj]dg` hji`t oj iji0pn`mn di oc` n\h` ^jhhpidot1 Ji oc`

m`bm`nndjin pndib oc` \^op\g m\dia\gg ncj^f/ joc`m k`jkg` di oc` qdgg\b` pndib hj]dg` hji`t rc`i

\ ncj^f j^^pmn c\n \ kjndodq` `!`^o1 Pri hj]dg` hji`t pn` dn ndbid"^\io di \gg oc` m`bm`nndjin

rcd^c ^jiom\non oj ht `\mgd`m m`npgon rc`i oc`m` r\n ij `!`^o ja jri hj]dg` hji`t pn` di oc`

"s`_ `!`^on m`bm`nndjin ji^` qdgg\b` hj]dg` hji`t pn` r\n \^^jpio`_ ajm1 Tcdn npbb`non oc\o di

\ h\o^c`_ n\hkg`/ oc`m` dn hjm` ]`i`"o oj jri hji`t hji`t pn` oc\i n``i di oc` pih\o^c`_

69

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m`npgon npkkjmo ht h\di "i_dibn1

Qmjk`indot n^jm` h\o^cdib m`gd`n ji ^jhhji npkkjmo ja oc` ^c\m\^o`mdnod^n ja hj]dg` hji`t

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oc` apmoc`m \r\t oc` hj]dg` hji`t \b`io dn amjh oc` qdgg\b`1

Tc` m`npgon ajm _dno\i^` _phhd`n dio`m\^o`_ rdoc `\^c q\md\]g` \m` m`kjmo`_ di T\]g` 471 J "i_

oc\o c\qdib joc`m cjpn`cjg_n di oc` qdgg\b` pndib hj]dg` hji`t di^m`\n`n \ cjpn`cjg_*n k`m ^\kdo\

^jinphkodji da oc` hj]dg` hji`t \b`io dn gj^\o`_ rdocdi 4fh ja oc` qdgg\b`1 Sdi^` ji \q`m\b` 426

ja oc` qdgg\b` pn` hj]dg` hji`t da \itji` _j`n/ oc`i ocdn ^jmm`nkji_n oj \i di^m`\n` ja 90<( k`m

^\kdo\/ \ g\mb` `!`^o1 Ji m`bm`nndji +5, ocdn m`npgo \gnj cjg_n ajm \b`ion rdocdi 4fh ja oc` qdgg\b`1

Wc`i \ m\dia\gg ncj^f j^^pmn/ oc`m` dn \ nh\gg i`b\odq` `!`^o ja joc`m cjpn`cjg_n di oc` qdgg\b`

76

T\]g` 46> Ndbm\odji ^jmm`g\o`n

+4, +5, +6, +7,

VBRJBCMFS Ndbm\odji jpo Ndbm\odji di Ndbm\odji jpo Ndbm\odji di

NN \b`io kjdio <1594--- 5135=

+51;78, +81768,

NN _dno\i^` 0313755-- 0313693

+3134;3, +313569,

BTN 05413;--- 06<14=--- 59174--- 63145--

+81934, +4413=, +<1<=6, +45165,

C\if 631<7--- 841;<--- 044165 0;193<

+71;5;, +=1689, +;1<;8, +431=4,

Djhhpidot o\k r\o`m 0317;6 031984 04175< 8133=---

+41<77, +61986, +41494, +41948,

Djpmo 0=189<--- 051883 051638 071556

+61539, +91665, +516;=, +615=9,

Qmdh\mt n^cjjg 09174=-- 046194-- 05189; 081<<8--

+51<=9, +81;39, +41=35, +51969,

S`^ji_\mt n^cjjg 51;99 8194< 415=9 041465

+41<98, +619=5, +4145;, +41896,

Ijnkdo\g 414;8 91555 41=94 061=<<

+61943, +;1476, +51<<=, +71336,

I`\goc ^`iom` 051467 04164; 0419;9 41698

+41=76, +61<79, +41453, +41887,

N\mf`o _\dgt 4166= 61;33 3194= 31;;<

+51567, +71754, +41857, +51444,

N\mf`o r``fgt 0317<< 41<77 31=9; 51865

+516<4, +71;44, +41736, +41=77,

Ndggdib h\^cdi` 071<9;- 7155; 51=;3- 519=9

+51863, +81339, +41963, +5158<,

Qjgd^` no\odji ;1359--- 4=193--- 6155< 81478-

+51995, +81597, +41=9=, +51;5<,

Qjno j$^` 031;4= 04=143-- 0519;4 071399

+7143;, +<1455, +71;;9, +9194<,

Opmn\mt 051453 031447 051<78- 31577

+514=<, +7167=, +41868, +5145<,

Qmdh\mt h\mf`o gdq`noj^f 051;5; 51374 31359< 618;7

+61755, +91;;7, +41=97, +51;56,

SBDDPn 41794 61=75 31=89 61;<6--

+41=66, +61<57, +41493, +4193;,

W\q` 5 0<1<7;--- 047174---

+5165=, +71939,

W\q` 6 047149--- 048146-- 041;<6 041=<=

+6153;, +91687, +41996, +51638,

P]n`mq\odjin 4/487 4/487 759 758

R0nlp\m`_ 31436 313<8 31444 31458

R`bm`nndjin \m` mpi ]t qdgg\b`1 NN \b`io kjdio m`a`mn oj \ hj]dg` hji`t \b`io rdocdi

oc` qdgg\b`1 NN _dno\i^` dn oc` _dno\i^` oj oc` i`\m`no hj]dg` hji`t \b`io da oc`m`

dn ijo ji` di oc` qdgg\b`1 Ndbm\odji dn oc` iph]`m ja k`jkg` g`\qdib jm `io`mdib oc`

qdgg\b` di oc` k\no 45 hjiocn

So\i_\m_ `mmjmn di ]m\^f`on/ --- k03134/ -- k03138/ - k0314

77

pndib hj]dg` hji`t/ ]po joc`mrdn` oc` ^j`$^d`ion ji oc` ncj^f dio`m\^odji rdoc qdgg\b` hj]dg`

hji`t pn` \m` dindbid"^\io1 Ijpn`cjg_n pndib hj]dg` hji`t oc`hn`gq`n ]`i`"o ]t ]`or``i 43

\i_ 54( ja k`m ^\kdo\ ^jinphkodji rc`i \ m\dia\gg ncj^f j^^pmn/ hjm` oc\i ^\i^`ggdib jpo oc`

i`b\odq` dhk\^o ja oc` ncj^f ja 8043(1 Ijr`q`m ocdn `!`^o dn jigt da \i \b`io dn rdocdi 4fh ajm

m`bm`nndji +5, \i_ ndbid"^\io \o oc` 43( g`q`g ajm \b`ion rdocdi 8fh di m`bm`nndji +4,1

Tc`n` "i_dibn di_d^\o` oc\o ]joc ]`i`"o oj joc`mn di oc` qdgg\b` \i_ ]`i`"o oj oc` pn`m _pmdib

\ m\dia\gg ncj^f _`^m`\n` oc` apmoc`m \r\t oc` hj]dg` hji`t \b`io dn/ rdoc hjno ]`i`"on da oc`

\b`io dn rdocdi 4fh ja oc` qdgg\b`1 J _j ijo "i_ `qd_`i^` oc\o cjpn`cjg_n \m` nc\mdib g`nn rdoc oc`

qdgg\b`/ \i_ dino`\_ f``kdib oc` m`hdoo\i^` ajm oc`hn`gq`n/ \n oc` _dno\i^` oj oc` i`\m`no hj]dg`

hji`t \b`io di^m`\n`n1 Tcdn ^jpg_ ]` ]`^\pn` cjpn`cjg_ h`h]`mn \m` g`nn rdggdib oj r\gf \ gjib

_dno\i^` oj \ hj]dg` hji`t \b`io/ bdqdib pk joc`m kmj_p^odq` \^odqdod`n oj _j nj \i_ nj \m` pndib

hj]dg` hji`t g`nn oc` apmoc`m \r\t oc` \b`io dn1 Tcdn ^jpg_ ]` o`no`_ da J c\_ _`o\dg`_ _\o\ ji oc`

iph]`m \i_ ndu` ja m`hdoo\i^`n m`^`dq`_/ ]po piajmopi\o`gt J _ji*o1

78

T\]g` 47> Jio`m\^odjin rdoc _dno\i^` oj oc` i`\m`no hj]dg` hji`t \b`io

+4, +5,

n`ga m`kjmo`_ _mjpbco jm #jj_ 4n_ m\dia\gg ncj^f

R\di ncj^f 031433--- 03137;--

+31366, +31357,

qdgg\b` NN +\b`io 4fh, 314;;-- 31566---

+3139=, +313;;,

qdgg\b` NN +\b`io 8fh, 31443 3166<--

+31488, +31485,

qdgg\b` NN +\b`io 43fh, 314<7 31595

+3153<, +314=3,

Scj^f-qdgg\b` NN +\b`io 4fh, 031347--- 031345-

+31339, +31339,

Scj^f-qdgg\b` NN +\b`io 8fh, 31377 03138=

+31368, +3136;,

Scj^f-qdgg\b` NN +\b`io 43fh, 3136< 03136=

+31393, +3135<,

NN pn` +\b`io 4fh, 3134; 3136;

+31368, +3136=,

NN pn` +\b`io 8fh, 31374 031336

+313<;, +313=4,

NN pn` +\b`io 43fh, 31397 31383

+313=7, +313<9,

ncj^f-NN pn` +\b`io 4fh, 31544--- 313;4

+3139;, +3137=,

ncj^f-NN pn` +\b`io 8fh, 31535- 3153<-

+31447, +31456,

ncj^f-NN pn` +\b`io 43fh, 3143; 0313<;

+314;;, +31469,

P]n`mq\odjin 8/69; 8/69;

Oph]`m ja cjpn`cjg_n 5/=69 5/=69

R0nlp\m`_ 315<; 31577

Bgg m`bm`nndjin di^gp_` \ apgg n`o ja cjpn`cjg_ ^jiomjg q\md\]g`n amjh o\]g` 4 \i_ `mmjmn

^gpno`m`_ \o oc` qdgg\b` g`q`g1 Bgg m`bm`nndjin \gnj ^jiomjg ajm qdgg\b` ^c\m\^o`mdnod^n rcd^c

^jpg_ \!`^o oc` `\n` ja n`i_dib m`hdoo\i^`n1 Tc`n` \m` oc` _dno\i^` oj oc` i`\m`no h\di mj\_/

_dno\i^` oj i`\m`no kjkpg\odji ^`iom` \i_ _dno\i^` oj i`\m`no h\mf`o1Vdgg\b` NN pn` m`a`mn

oj oc` kmjkjmodji ja cjpn`cjg_n di oc` qdgg\b` pndib hj]dg` hji`t1 NN pn` dn \ _phht

q\md\]g` `lp\g oj ji` da oc\o cjpn`cjg_ pn`n hj]dg` hji`t1 Tc` _dno\i^` oj oc` \b`io dn \

_phht q\md\]g` `lp\g oj 4 da oc` \b`io dn rdocdi oc\o _dno\i^` ja oc` qdgg\b`1

So\i_\m_ `mmjmn di ]m\^f`on/ --- k03134/ -- k03138/ - k0314

79

)%)%) ;M?>J$MPM>H AF!BMBJ@BN

J mpi oc` m`npgon n`k\m\o`gt ajm pm]\i \i_ mpm\g cjpn`cjg_n oj n`` da oc`m` \m` _d!`m`iod\g `!`^on

ajm oc`n` bmjpkn1 Nj]dg` hji`t n`mqd^`n rjpg_ ]` `sk`^o`_ oj ]`i`"o mpm\g cjpn`cjg_n hjm` ndi^`

oc`t c\q` g`nn \^^`nn oj joc`m r\tn oj n`i_ m`hdoo\i^`n np^c \n ]\ifn jm _`ndbi\o`_ hji`t om\ina`m

ncjkn +np^c \n W`noji Uidji, \i_ \m` g`nn gdf`gt oj c\q` amd`i_n jm m`g\odq` k\nndib ]t m`bpg\mgt

rcj ^jpg_ ]mdib m`hdoo\i^`n1 Tc`t \m` \gnj hjm` m`gd\io ji \bmd^pgopm` \i_ nj \!`^o`_ ]t m\dia\gg

ncj^fn hjm` _dm`^ogt di o`mhn ja ^mjk gjnn`n oc\i cjpn`cjg_n di pm]\i \m`\n1

S`k\m\o` pm]\i \i_ mpm\g m`npgon \m` ncjri di di T\]g` 48 rc`m` ^jgphin +4, \i_ +6, ncjr

m`npgon ajm mpm\g \m`\n \i_ ^jgphin +5, \i_ +7, \m` ajm pm]\i \m`\n1 Gmjh oc` m`npgon do ^\i ]`

n``i oc\o m\dia\gg ncj^fn c\q` g\mb`m \i_ hjm` ndbid"^\io `!`^on di mpm\g \m`\n oc\i di ^dod`n di

ji` m`bm`nndji/ kjnnd]gt ]`^\pn` mpm\g \m`\n \m` m`gd\io ji \bmd^pgopm` ajm di^jh` h\fdib oc`dm

^jinphkodji hjm` n`indodq` oj m\dia\gg1 Tc` ]`i`"o amjh joc`m k`jkg` pndib hj]dg` hji`t di oc`

^jhhpidot n``hn oj ^jh` g\mb`gt amjh mpm\g \m`\n/ rc`m` rdoc 426 ja oc` qdgg\b` pndib hj]dg`

hji`t `q`mt cjpn`cjg_ ]`i`"on ]t 6( ja k`m ^\kdo\ ^jinphkodji/ ocjpbc ocdn dn ijo ndbid"^\io1

Wc`i oc`m` dn \ m\di ncj^f/ tjp \m` i`b\odq`gt \!`^o`_ ]t c\qdib hjm` k`jkg` di tjpm qdgg\b` pndib

hj]dg` hji`t/ ocjpbc ocdn dn jigt ndbid"^\io \o oc` 43( g`q`g di ji` m`bm`nndji1 Xjp ]`i`"o amjh

pndib hj]dg` hji`t rc`i oc`m` dn \ m\di ncj^f di \ mpm\g \m`\/ ocjpbc ocdn dn jigt ndbid"^\io di

ji` m`bm`nndji/ ocjpbc g\mb`1

Tc`n` m`npgon npbb`no oc\o k`mc\kn mpm\g cjpn`cjg_n c\q` hjm` oj b\di oc\i pm]\i ji`n amjh

di^m`\n`_ \^^`nn oj hj]dg` hji`t n`mqd^`n _p` oj \ ^jh]di\odji ja g`nn h`ocj_n ajm j]o\didib

m`hdoo\i^`n \i_ bm`\o`m m`gd\i^` ji m\di _`k`i_`io \bmd^pgopm\g \n \i di^jh` njpm^`1

)%)%* 0MKPDEON >JA #KKAN

Tj n`` rc`oc`m ojj hp^c jm ojj gdoog` m\dia\gg c\q` _d!`m`iod\g `!`^on ji ^jinphkodji \i_ oc`

\]dgdot ja hj]dg` hji`t oj nhjjoc oc`n` dhk\^on/ J n`k\m\o` jpo oc` `!`^on ja _mjpbcon ^jhk\m`_

oj #jj_n1 B _mjpbco dn _`"i`_ \n oc` _d!`m`i^` di m\dia\gg amjh oc` h`\i ]`dib hjm` oc\i ji`

no\i_\m_ _`qd\odji ]`gjr oc` h`\i \i_ \ #jj_ \n oc` _d!`m`i^` di m\dia\gg amjh oc` h`\i ]`dib

hjm` oc\i ji` no\i_\m_ _`qd\odji \]jq` oc` h`\i1 Tcdn dn m`kjmo`_ di T\]g` 49/ rc`m` _mjpbcon \m`

m`kjmo`_ di ^jgphin +4,0+5, \i_ #jj_n di ^jgphin +6,0+7,/ `\^c \n \ ndhkg` _d!`m`i^`0di0_d!`m`i^`

\i_ rdoc cjpn`cjg_ "s`_ `!`^on1

Jo ^\i ]` n``i oc\o do dn h\digt _mjpbcon rcd^c c\q` \ ndbid"^\io i`b\odq` `!`^o ja ]`or``i ; \i_

45( ja k`m ^\kdo\ ^jinphkodji1 Ggjj_n c\q` ij ndbid"^\iogt _d!`m`io `!`^o amjh u`mj1 J k`majmh

\i G o`no ja oc` `lp\gdot ja oc` _mjpbco \i_ #jj_ `!`^on1 Flp\gdot dn m`e`^o`_ \o oc` 8( g`q`g

ajm oc` ndhkg` _d!`m`i^`0di0_d!`m`i^` nk`^d"^\odji ]po ^\iijo ]` m`e`^o`_ ajm oc` m`bm`nndji rdoc

cjpn`cjg_ "s`_ `!`^on1 I`i^` oc`m` dn njh` `qd_`i^` ajm _d!`m`iod\g `!`^on ja _mjpbcon \i_ #jj_n/

7;

T\]g` 48> Gds`_ `!`^on m`bm`nndjin ]t pm]\i \i_ mpm\g cjpn`cjg_n

E`k`i_`io q\md\]g`> Mjb ^jinphkodji k`m ^\kdo\

S`ga m`kjmo`_ ncj^f 4n_ m\di ncj^f

+4, +5, +6, +7,

mpm\g pm]\i mpm\g pm]\i

R\di ncj^f 031367 31379 031439--- 31336

+3135<, +31389, +31355, +31373,

Vdgg\b` NN pn` 31437 031347 313=9 031349

+313=9, +31394, +313<=, +313<5,

R\di ncj^f-qdgg\b` NN pn` 03159<- 03138= 313;; 31346

+3146=, +31454, +31457, +313=6,

NN pn` 03133< 31335 031349 31357

+3136;, +3135<, +3136;, +31363,

R\di ncj^f-NN pn` 313=; 313;6 314=7--- 03137<

+31393, +313<;, +313;5, +31378,

P]n`mq\odjin 9/557 6/38; 9/557 6/38;

R0nlp\m`_ 31475 315=; 31485 315=9

Oph]`m ja cjpn`cjg_n 5/9;7 4/86= 5/9;7 4/86=

Gpgg n`o ja ^jiomjg q\md\]g`n \n di o\]g` 4/ cjpn`cjg_ "s`_ `!`^on \i_

`mmjmn ^gpno`m`_ \o oc` qdgg\b` g`q`g1 Vdgg\b` NN pn` m`a`mn oj oc` kmj0

kjmodji ja cjpn`cjg_n di oc` qdgg\b` pndib hj]dg` hji`t1 Bgg m`bm`n0

ndjin \gnj ^jiomjg ajm qdgg\b` ^c\m\^o`mdnod^n rcd^c ^jpg_ \!`^o oc` `\n`

ja n`i_dib m`hdoo\i^`n1 Tc`n` \m` oc` _dno\i^` oj oc` i`\m`no h\di mj\_/

_dno\i^` oj i`\m`no kjkpg\odji ^`iom` \i_ _dno\i^` oj i`\m`no h\mf`o1

Nj]dg` hji`t pn` dn \ _phht q\md\]g` `lp\g oj ji` da oc\o cjpn`cjg_

pn`n hj]dg` hji`t1

So\i_\m_ `mmjmn di ]m\^f`on/ --- k03134/ -- k03138/ - k0314

7<

rdoc _mjpbcon kmdh\mdgt i`b\odq`gt \!`^odib ^jinphkodji1 I\qdib joc`m k`jkg` di oc` qdgg\b` pn`

hj]dg` hji`t dn ijo ndbid"^\io di \it ja oc` m`bm`nndjin1 Nj]dg` hji`t pn` dn jigt ndbid"^\io

di oc` ndhkg` _d!`m`i^`0di0_d!`m`i^` nk`^d"^\odjin/ di^m`\ndib ^jinphkodji k`m ^\kdo\ ]t 45046(/

]po ocdn `!`^o _dn\kk`\mn ji^` cjpn`cjg_ "s`_ `!`^on \m` \^^jpio`_ ajm1 Mjjfdib \o oc` ncj^f

dio`m\^odjin/ joc`m k`jkg` di oc` qdgg\b` pndib hj]dg` hji`t _pmdib \ ncj^f dn ijo ndbid"^\io di

\it ja oc` m`bm`nndjin1 Tc` dio`m\^odji ja \ cjpn`cjg_*n jri hj]dg` hji`t pn` rdoc oc` ncj^f dn

ndbid"^\io di \gg oc` m`bm`nndjin1

Tc`n` m`npgon ^ji"mh ht `\mgd`m "i_dibn ]po m`q`\g oc\o do dn jigt _mjpbcon oc\o \^op\ggt ^\pn`

\ m`_p^odji di k`m ^\kdo\ ^jinphkodji1 Ijr`q`m/ hj]dg` hji`t pn` nodgg di^m`\n`n k`m ^\kdo\

^jinphkodji \ao`m `do`m otk` ja m\dia\gg ncj^f1 Tc`n` m`npgon \gnj gdif rdoc oc` `\mgd`m "i_dib oc\o

do dn mpm\g cjpn`cjg_n rcj `sk`md`i^` \ _mjk di ^jinphkodji \ao`m \ m\dia\gg ncj^f \i_ ]`i`"o

hjno amjh hj]dg` hji`t1 Rpm\g cjpn`cjg_n \m` gdf`gt oj ]` hjno \!`^o`_ ]t \ _mjpbco ndi^` do

_dm`^ogt m`_p^`n oc`dm di^jh` ocmjpbc ^mjk gjnn`n/ rc`m`\n pm]\i cjpn`cjg_n rdgg jigt ]` \!`^o`_

di_dm`^ogt1 Tc`n` m`npgon oc`m`ajm` npkkjmo `\^c joc`m1 Tc` g\^f ja i`b\odq` dhk\^o ja #jj_n hdbco

\gnj di_d^\o` oc` km`n`i^` ja iji0gdi`\mdod`n di oc` dhk\^o ja m\dia\gg/ rdoc ojj hp^c m\di didod\ggt

di^m`\ndib ^mjk td`g_n/ rc`m`\n ojj gdoog` m\di \gr\tn c\n \ i`b\odq` dhk\^o ji ^mjk td`g_n1 J

`s\hdi` kjnnd]g` iji0gdi`\mdod`n di hjm` _`o\dg ]`gjr1

)%)%+ 4KJ$HFJB>MFOFBN FJ M>FJC>HH NEK@GN

R\dia\gg ncj^fn c\q` q`mt iji0gdi`\m `!`^on/ rdoc \ gdoog` hjm` m\di jao`i bjj_ ajm ^mjkn ]po jigt

`som`h` \hjpion c\mhapg/ \i_ gdf`rdn` \ gdoog` g`nn m\di pigdf`gt oj ^\pn` hp^c c\m_ncdk rc`m`\n \

_mjpbco rjpg_ ^\pn` rd_`nkm`\_ ^mjk _\h\b`1 J pn` _`qd\odjin ja m\dia\gg amjh oc` h`\i oj ^c`^f

ajm iji0gdi`\m `!`^on ja oc` m\dia\gg ncj^f h\bidop_`/ \i_ ocdn dn m`kjmo`_ di T\]g` 4;1 Ji ocdn

o\]g` J gjjf \o oc` _`qd\odjin ja m\dia\gg amjh oc` h`\i \i_ oc` nlp\m` ja ocdn oj "i_ \it opmidib

kjdion di oc` dhk\^o ja m\dia\gg ji k`m ^\kdo\ ^jinphkodji1 Djgphi +4, ncjrn oc` m`npgon ajm ]joc

kjndodq` \i_ i`b\odq` _`qd\odjin/ rc`m`\n ^jgphi +5, jigt gjjfn \o _`qd\odjin ]`gjr oc` h`\i \i_

^jgphi +6, \o _`qd\odjin \]jq` oc` h`\i1

Jo ^\i ]` n``i di ^jgphi +5, oc\o i`b\odq` ncj^fn \gr\tn c\q` \ i`b\odq` `!`^o ji ^jinphkodji/

rdoc 533hh g`nn m\di di oc` t`\m m`_p^`_ ^jinphkodji ]t =15(1 Njm` m\dia\gg didod\ggt c\n \ kjndodq`

`!`^o ji gjb ^jinphkodji k`m ^\kdo\ ]po ocdn ]`^jh`n i`b\odq` ajm m\dia\gg hjm` oc\i 633hh \]jq`

oc` h`\i/ rdoc 833hh hjm` m\dia\gg oc\i pnp\g m`_p^dib gjb ^jinphkodji ]t 715(1 Tcdn ncjrn

oc\o rcdg` _mjpbcon \gr\tn c\q` \ i`b\odq` dhk\^o ji k`m ^\kdo\ ^jinphkodji/ hjm` m\di didod\ggt

c\n \ kjndodq` dhk\^o \i_ do dn jigt np$^d`iogt `som`h` m\dia\gg oc\o c\n \ i`b\odq` `!`^o1

7=

T\]g` 49> Ed!`m`iod\g dhk\^on ja _mjpbcon \i_ #jj_n

E`k`i_`io q\md\]g`> Mjb ^jinphkodji k`m ^\kdo\

Emjpbco Ggjj_

+4, +5, +6, +7,

VBRJBCMFS Ed!0di0_d! GF Ed!0di0_d! GF

Scj^f 03145--- 0313;--- 03136 03135

+313=, +3139, +3136, +3136,

Vdgg\b` NN pn` 313; 313=- 3143- 3143-

+3138, +3138, +3138, +3139,

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+3149, +3148, +313=, +313=,

NN pn` 3146--- 3134 3145--- 0 3133

+3135, +3135, +3135, +3135,

Scj^f-NN pn` 313;- 3144-- 3144-- 313-

+313=, +3139, +3137, +3138,

P]n`mq\odjin =/5<4 =/5<4 =/5<4 =/5<4

Oph]`m ja cjpn`cjg_n 6/<3; 6/<3; 6/<3; 6/<3;

R0nlp\m`_ 318; 3146 3188 313<

G no\o ji `lp\gdot 718 513<

k q\gp` 3136 3148

Bgg m`bm`nndji di^gp_` \ apgg n`o ja ^jiomjg q\md\]g` amjh T\]g` 4/ odh`

_phhd`n \i_ ^gpno`m`_ `mmjmn \o oc` qdgg\b` g`q`g1 Vdgg\b` NN pn` m`a`mn

oj oc` kmjkjmodji ja cjpn`cjg_n di oc` qdgg\b` pndib hj]dg` hji`t1 Bgg

m`bm`nndjin \gnj ^jiomjg ajm qdgg\b` ^c\m\^o`mdnod^n rcd^c ^jpg_ \!`^o oc`

`\n` ja n`i_dib m`hdoo\i^`n1 Tc`n` \m` oc` _dno\i^` oj oc` i`\m`no h\di

mj\_/ _dno\i^` oj i`\m`no kjkpg\odji ^`iom` \i_ _dno\i^` oj i`\m`no h\m0

f`o1 Nj]dg` hji`t pn` dn \ _phht q\md\]g` `lp\g oj ji` da oc\o cjpn`cjg_

pn`n hj]dg` hji`t1 Tc` G no\o dn \ o`no ja `lp\gdot ja oc` _mjpbco \i_

#jj_ ^j`$^d`ion ajm oc` _d!0di0_d! \i_ "s`_ `!`^on m`bm`nndjin1 Tc`

m`npgodib k q\gp` dn m`kjmo`_ \n r`gg1

So\i_\m_ `mmjmn di ]m\^f`on/ --- k03134/ -- k03138/ - k0314

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T\]g` 4;> E`qd\odjin ja m\dia\gg amjh h`\i/ hh

E`k`i_\io q\md\]g`> Mjb ^jinphkodji k`m ^\kdo\

+4, +5, +6,

R\di _`qd\odji O`b\odq` _`qd\odji Qjndodq` _`qd\odji

R\di _`qd\odji 313335=4--- 3133465--- 313334;6

+9183`038, +31333756, +31333596,

R\di _`qd\odji nlp\m`_ 081<8`03;--- 7163`039--- 08143`03;-

+5136`03;, +4145`039, +61<9`03;,

P]n`mq\odjin =/5<4 6/=<5 5/;;9

R0nlp\m`_ 318;6 31897 31965

O`b\odq` _`qd\odji +0533hh, 0313<5 0313=5

Qjndodq` _`qd\odji +833hh, 031345 031375

Bgg m`bm`nndjin di^gp_` apgg n`o ja cjpn`cjg_ ^jiomjg q\md\]g`n amjh o\]g` 4 \i_ `mmjmn

^gpno`m`_ \o oc` qdgg\b` g`q`g

So\i_\m_ `mmjmn di ]m\^f`on/ --- k03134/ -- k03138/ - k0314

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rdoc \it ^c\m\^o`mdnod^n ja oc` cjpn`cjg_n1 Gds`_ `!`^o m`bm`nndjin ajm `\^c ja oc` m\dia\gg ncj^fn

\m` ncjri di T\]g` 4<1Gjm oc` n`ga m`kjmo`_ m\dia\gg ncj^fn di ^jgphi +4,/mpm\g cjpn`cjg_n \m`

ngdbcogt g`nn gdf`gt oj m`kjmo \ _mjpbco jm #jj_/ k`mc\kn _p` oj \ hjm` nomdib`io _`"idodji ja

rc\o ^jinodopo`n ji`1 Njm` r`\goct cjpn`cjg_n \m` ngdbcogt hjm` gdf`gt oj m`kjmo \ m\dia\gg ncj^f

\i_ ocjn` rdoc \ ]\if \^^jpio \m` g`nn gdf`gt1 Ji ^jgphi +5,/ oc` 4 no\i_\m_ _`qd\odji m\dia\gg

ncj^f/ kg\^`n rdoc hjm` `_p^\o`_ cjpn`cjg_n/ g\mb`m cjpn`cjg_n \i_ g`nn RPSDB h`h]`mncdk \m`

^jmm`g\o`_ rdoc hjm` m\dia\gg ncj^fn/ ocjpbc ocdn dn ij hjm` oc\i rjpg_ ]` `sk`^o`_ ]t ^c\i^`1

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oc` cjpn`cjg_n jm qdgg\b`n1

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T\]g` 4<> Scj^f ^jmm`g\odjin

+4, +5,

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Rpm\g 03135;-- 031379

+31346, +3137<,

W`\gocn^jm` 31337--- 31335

+31334, +31345,

I`\_ `_p^\odji 031334 3135=---

+31335, +31344,

I`\_ \b` 031336 31334

+31335, +31335,

Ijpn`cjg_ ndu` 31338 31356--

+31337, +31343,

Nj]dg` kcji` 31345 313;;

+31346, +313;;,

Mj\i 31355 03145;

+31348, +31434,

C\if \^^jpio 031359-- 0313<=

+31345, +31433,

RPSDB 31359 03187;---

+31363, +314;5,

Bbmd^pgopm` 31378 31563

+31366, +314<3,

Gdncdib 31395 3137=

+31374, +315;6,

Hjq`mih`io 31363 31357

+3137=, +31565,

Q\m\no\o\g 3133< 031;4;

+3138;, +317;9,

Qmdq\o` n`^ojm 031339 314;;

+3135;, +31545,

OHP2R`gdbdjpn 031367 031386

+31389, +31764,

S`ga `hkgjt`_ 31334 31535

+31358, +31536,

G\hdgt rjmf 03133< 31977-

+3135=, +31688,

Ui`hkgjt`_ 31346 31595

+3136;, +31;69,

P]n`mq\odjin =/5<4 4/3=3

R0nlp\m`_ 31389 31447

R`bm`nndji ji` c\n qdgg\b` "s`_ `!`^on \i_ dn \o oc` qdgg\b` g`q`g ajm qdgg\b` \q`m0

\b`n ja oc` cjpn`cjg_ ^c\m\^o`mdnod^n/ ndi^` oc` ji` no\i_\m_ _`qd\odji m\dia\gg

ncj^f dn ^jino\io ajm \ qdgg\b`1 R`bm`nndji orj c\n cjpn`cjg_ "s`_ `!`^on \i_

qdgg\b` ^gpno`m`_ `mmjmn \i_ dn \o oc` cjpn`cjg_ g`q`g ndi^` `\^c cjpn`cjg_ m`0

kjmon rc`oc`m do `sk`md`i^`_ \ ncj^f jm ijo1

So\i_\m_ `mmjmn di ]m\^f`on/ --- k03134/ -- k03138/ - k0314

85

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Gdi\ggt J ^c`^f rc`oc`m oc` m`npgon ajpi_ \m` k\mod^pg\m oj #jj_n \i_ _mjpbcon jm \gnj `so`i_ oj

joc`m \bbm`b\o` ncj^fn1 Tc` oc`jm`od^\g km`_d^odjin J h\_` ]\n`_ ji `lp\odji +43, \kkgt oj \it

\bbm`b\o` ncj^f/ ijo jigt m\dia\gg ncj^fn/ \i_ nj J ^c`^f oc\o ht m`npgon b`i`m\gdn` ]t mpiidib ocdn

nk`^d"^\odji \b\di rdoc _d!`m`io \bbm`b\o` ncj^f h`\npm`n1 Tc`n` m`npgon \m` m`kjmo`_ di T\]g`

4=1 J c\q` n`ga0m`kjmo`_ _\o\ ji ocm`` joc`m \bbm`b\o` ncj^fn> M\mb` a\gg di ^mjk kmd^`n/ g\mb` mdn`

di ajj_ kmd^`n \i_ g\mb` mdn` di \bmd^pgopm\g dikpo kmd^`n1

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`q`m/ rc`i \ ncj^f j^^pmn/ ocjn` pndib hj]dg` hji`t oc`hn`gq`n `sk`md`i^` \i di^m`\n` di k`m

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k`md`i^dib g\mb` mdn`n di ajj_ kmd^`n nj ocdn ncj^f \!`^on g\mb` iph]`mn ja k`jkg` \^mjnn oc` ^jpiomt

\o oc` n\h` kjdio di odh`/ h\fdib do g`nn gdf`gt njh`ji` ijo `sk`md`i^dib ocdn ncj^f ^jpg_ npkkjmo

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di^m`\n` ji k`m ^\kdo\ ^jinphkodji +416 ja 43(,/ ndhdg\m oj oc\o ajpi_ ]`ajm`1

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\bbm`b\o` ncj^fn/ ijo epno m\dia\gg ncj^fn/ ]po npbb`no do hdbco ]` m\dia\gg ncj^fn rcd^c cjpn`cjg_n

^pmm`iogt c\q` oc` hjno _d$^pgot nhjjocdib oc`hn`gq`n1

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`\mgd`m "i_dib oc\o hj]dg` hji`t c`gkn cjpn`cjg_n nhjjoc ncj^fn +K\^f ) Spmd 5347, \i_ `so`i_n

ocdn \i\gtndn oj oc` rd_`m dhk\^o ji oc` m`no ja oc` ^jhhpidot amjh c\qdib hj]dg` hji`t pn`mn di

oc` qdgg\b`1 Mjjfdib \o epno oc` dhk\^o ji oc` pn`m ja hj]dg` hji`t rjpg_ oc`m`ajm` pi_`m`nodh\o`

oc` ]`i`"on ja c\qdib hj]dg` hji`t di \ ^jhhpidot1 C`i`"on oj ]joc oc` pn`m \i_ ^jhhpidot

\m` cdbc`no di mpm\g \m`\n \i_ _`^m`\n` nc\mkgt rdoc _dno\i^` oj oc` i`\m`no hj]dg` hji`t \b`io1

F!jmon oj a\^dgdo\o` oc` nkm`\_ ja hj]dg` hji`t \b`ion oj hjm` ^jhhpidod`n rjpg_ di^m`\n` r`ga\m`/

`nk`^d\ggt ndi^` oc` hjm` m`hjo` oc` ^jhhpidot oc` g`nn gdf`gt oc` ^jhhpidot c\n joc`m r\tn oj

m`^`dq` m`hdoo\i^` \i_ nj oc` g\mb`m oc` ]`i`"on amjh c\qdib hj]dg` hji`t n`mqd^`n ^jpg_ ]`1

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cjpn`cjg_ nhjjoc ^jinphkodji \ao`m \i \bbm`b\o` ncj^f dn \i dhkjmo\io ^jiomd]podji oj oc` mdnf

nc\mdib gdo`m\opm`1 Fskgjmdib rct ocdn dn oc` ^\n` rjpg_ \_q\i^` jpm pi_`mno\i_dib ja cjr diajmh\g

mdnf nc\mdib \mm\ib`h`ion jk`m\o` di _`q`gjkdib ^jpiomd`n1 Gjm `s\hkg`/ \m` cjpn`cjg_n ^cjjndib

oj cd_` m`hdoo\i^`n jm \m` oc`t jkodib jpo `iodm`gt amjh oc` mdnf nc\mdib i`orjmf di oc` qdgg\b`A

Mjjfdib \o om\ina`mn rdocdi oc` qdgg\b` \i_ amjh \ hdbm\io di m`nkjin` oj d_djnti^m\od^ ncj^fn rjpg_

86

T\]g` 4=> Ed!0di0_d! "s`_ `!`^o m`bm`nndjin ja joc`m \bbm`b\o` ncj^fn ji ^jinphkodji

E`k`i_\io q\md\]g`> Mjb ^jinphkodji k`m ^\kdo\

+4, +5, +6,

M\mb` a\gg ^mjk kmd^` M\mb` mdn` ajj_ kmd^` M\mb` mdn` \bmd dikpo kmd^`

Scj^f 313=--- 3134 313;---

+3135, +3136, +3136,

Vdgg\b` NN pn` 3143- 3139 3144--

+3138, +3139, +3138,

Scj^f-qdgg\b` NN 03157--- 313; 03158

+3146, +313;, +3143,

Nj]dg` hji`t pn` 3137 3138 3136

+3135, +3136, +3136,

Scj^f-NN pn` 3143- 03134 3148---

+313;, +3137, +3138,

P]n`mq\odjin ;/;37 ;/;37 ;/;37

R0nlp\m`_ 314;< 314;9 314;<

Oph]`m ja cjpn`cjg_n 6/365 6/365 6/365

N`\i ja Un`m 3144< 3144< 3144<

N`\i ja Scj^f 31456 31756 31454

Bgg m`bm`nndjin di^gp_` apgg n`o ja cjpn`cjg_ ^jiomjg q\md\]g`n amjh T\]g` 4/ cjpn`cjg_ "s`_

`!`^on \i_ `mmjmn ^gpno`m`_ \o oc` qdgg\b` g`q`g1 Bgg m`bm`nndjin \gnj ^jiomjg ajm qdgg\b` ^c\m0

\^o`mdnod^n rcd^c ^jpg_ \!`^o oc` `\n` ja n`i_dib m`hdoo\i^`n1 Tc`n` \m` oc` _dno\i^` oj oc`

i`\m`no h\di mj\_/ _dno\i^` oj i`\m`no kjkpg\odji ^`iom` \i_ _dno\i^` oj i`\m`no h\mf`o1

Vdgg\b` NN pn` m`a`mn oj oc` kmjkjmodji ja cjpn`cjg_n di oc` qdgg\b` pndib hj]dg` hji`t1

Nj]dg` hji`t pn` dn \ _phht q\md\]g` `lp\g oj ji` da oc\o cjpn`cjg_ pn`n hj]dg` hji`t1

So\i_\m_ `mmjmn di ]m\^f`on/ --- k03134/ -- k03138/ - k0314

87

\ggjr oc`n` `!`^on oj ]` n`k\m\o`_1 Nt _\o\ r\n ijo _`o\dg`_ `ijpbc ji nk`^d"^ i`orjmf k\oo`min

\i_ m`hdoo\i^` #jrn oj \inr`m ocdn lp`nodji/ ]po oc` \inr`m dn dhkjmo\io ajm pi_`mno\i_dib cjr

i`r o`^cijgjbd`n ^c\ib` om\_dodji\g mdnf nc\mdib k\oo`min \i_ ajm \ _``k`m pi_`mno\i_dib ja cjr

mdnf nc\mdib i`orjmfn \m` npno\di`_1

Tc`m` \m` h\it kjo`iod\g `skg\i\odjin ajm rct m`hdoo\i^`n hdbco ijo ]` nc\m`_ \ao`m \i \bbm`0

b\o` ncj^f1 Dj\o` \i_ R\q\ggdji +4==6, gjjf`_ \o mdnf nc\mdib \n \ m`k`\o`_ b\h` \i_ _`o`mhdi`_

oc` ^ji_dodjin pi_`m rcd^c \i diajmh\g mdnf nc\mdib i`orjmf dn n`ga0npno\didib1 Tj ]` n`ga0npno\didib/

\o `q`mt kjdio di odh` oc` ]`i`"on amjh m`h\didib di oc` m`g\odjincdk hpno jpor`dbc oc` ]`i`"o

ja _`a`^odji1 Tc`n` ^ji_dodjin di^gp_` oc` \]dgdot oj kpidnc _`qd\odjin amjh mdnf nc\mdib rcd^c m`0

lpdm`n diajmh\odji ji i`orjmf h`h]`mn1 Ji m`b\m_n oj hj]dg` hji`t/ diajmh\odji ji oc` \hjpio

ja hji`t m`^`dq`_ h\t ]` c\m_ ajm joc`m qdgg\b`mn oj j]o\di/ k\mod^pg\mgt da oc` hj]dg` hji`t \b`io

dn jpond_` oc` qdgg\b` don`ga1 Wdocjpo \^^pm\o` diajmh\odji ji da m`hdoo\i^`n c\q` ]``i m`^`dq`_

\i_ oc` \hjpio/ do dn q`mt c\m_ ajm oc` m`no ja oc` qdgg\b`mn oj \nf ajm hjm` om\ina`mn rc`i \ ncj^f

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cjpn`cjg_n oj fijr oc` `so`i_ oj rcd^c joc`m cjpn`cjg_n* ^jinphkodji a\ggn \ao`m \ qdgg\b` g`q`g

ncj^f1 Bb\di ocdn h`\in joc`m cjpn`cjg_n di oc` qdgg\b` ^\iijo ]` npm` oc\o \ hj]dg` hji`t pndib

cjpn`cjg_ dn nhjjocdib don ^jinphkodji _p` oj m`hdoo\i^`n m`^`dq`_ jm ]`^\pn` do ndhkgt np!`m`_

g`nn amjh oc` \bbm`b\o` ncj^f ]t ^c\i^`1

S`^ji_gt/ oc` ]`i`"o amjh _`a`^odji hdbco di^m`\n` ajm \ hj]dg`0hji`t0pndib cjpn`cjg_/ ]`0

^\pn` oc`t ^\i oc`i f``k \it m`hdoo\i^`n m`^`dq`_ ajm oc`hn`gq`n \o `q`mt kjdio di odh`1 Tc`t

^jpg_ dinpm` ]joc \bbm`b\o` \i_ d_djnti^m\od^ ncj^fn ocmjpbc oc` hdbm\io/ \i_ oc` ]`i`"on ja ocdn

mdnf nc\mdib m`g\odjincdk hdbco `s^``_ ocjn` ja oc` qdgg\b` mdnf nc\mdib m`g\odjincdk1 Ji ocdn ^\n`/

hj]dg` hji`t pndib cjpn`cjg_n hdbco ij gjib`m k\mod^dk\o` \o \gg di qdgg\b` mdnf nc\mdib1 Ijr`q`m/

do dn pi^g`\m oc`i rct J "i_ oc\o c\qdib \ cjpn`cjg_ pndib hj]dg` hji`t di oc` qdgg\b` ]`i`"on

`q`mt joc`m cjpn`cjg_n da oc` hj]dg`0hji`t0pndib cjpn`cjg_ dn ijo nc\mdib m`hdoo\i^`n \o \gg1

Bijoc`m m`\nji rct m`hdoo\i^`n \m`i*o nc\m`_ \ao`m \i \bbm`b\o` ncj^f dn oc\o ijmhn ajm nc\mdib

di oc` qdgg\b` _ji*o `so`i_ oj \bbm`b\o` ncj^f1 Ojmhn _`q`gjk oj \__m`nn ndop\odjin rcd^c \i

di_dqd_p\g ^\iijo njgq` \gji` ]po oc\o oc` qdgg\b` \n \ rcjg` ^\i jq`m^jh`1 Tm\_dodji\ggt/ oc` ijmh

c\n ]``i oc\o jigt di_dqd_p\g ncj^fn \m` nc\m`_ ]t oc` qdgg\b`1 Bbbm`b\o` ncj^fn r`m` ijo nc\m`_

]`^\pn` oc`t dhk\^o`_ oc` `iodm` qdgg\b` \o ji^` \i_ nj ^jpg_ ijo ]` nhjjoc`_1 Tc` diomj_p^odji

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88

_ji*o n`` nc\mdib di oc` _\o\1 Ijr`q`m oc`m` dn \ ijmh oc\o cjpn`cjg_n kjjg oc`dm di^jh` rc`i \i

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\i_ jq`m\gg qdgg\b` ^jinphkodji ]`dib cdbc`m1

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np]no\iod\ggt/ oc` _dn^jpio a\^ojm m`lpdm`_ ajm \ cjpn`cjg_ oj m`h\di di \ mdnf nc\mdib \mm\ib`h`io

bj`n pk \n oc` di^jh` ja oc` joc`mn bj`n _jri1 Tcdn m`npgon di oc` ]m`\f _jri ja diajmh\g mdnf

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