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CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

WAYNE VISSER

Introduction: Corporate social responsibility is itself an extensive and critical debate. In year 2000

the new millennium WTO implemented and impose restrictions on developing and under

developing countries. Major issues in these countries are poverty, hunger, health and education.CSR in developing countries uplift the society and environment.

Classification: There are three major divisions

1. Content themes: it comprises the contrast finding in management for developing countries.Social, Environment, Ethics and Stakeholders are involved majorly

2. Knowledge type: Well understand and proper information through A. theoretical (Non-normative, Normative) and B. empirical research (Qualitative, Quantitative).

3. Analysis level: According to literature different levels of analysis likewise, Global,Regional, country, sector and individual based.

Global: About CSR behavior of 127 leading companies from 21 emerging markets across Asia,

Africa, Latin America and central and Eastern Europe, compares 1700 leading companies high

income countries. Somehow they follow the Global reporting initiatives and ISO 14000.

Internationally limitations and opportunities for CSR, need to focus on training and occupational

health and safety.

Regional: Three major regions in this scenario

Asia. Most populated countries are located and CSR policies followed India, China, Thailand,

Malaysia and Philippines. At different level society and culture is affected.

Africa. Main focus on corporate citizenship after the colonialism, Many countries South Africa,

Kenya, Nigeria, Tanzania and Zambia rich agriculture and by mining. Except the other theme,

as stakeholder engagement social responsibility and health.

Latin America. In this region many countries cover the responsibility of social welfare.

Argentina, Mexico, Brazil, Venezuela are facing poverty, environmental degradation, corruption

and economic stagnation. Latin America try to focus on SME and ISO 14000 standards.

Drivers: America and Europe is developed regions due industry and capitalistic approach and

again invest in society. Some drivers as given.

1. Cultural Tradition: Deep rooted indigenous cultural traditions of philanthropy, businessethics must count for CSR development, many school of thoughts and religious issues are in

culture.

2. Political Reform: Membership for world trade organization, Nationalism and socio-politicalreforms are processing in developing countries.

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3. Socio-economic Priorities: Mostly countries directly shaped by the socio-economicenvironment , green marketing, fair trade and investment in local projects

4. Governance Gap: