Curs Drept Procesual Civil (3)

8/13/2019 Curs Drept Procesual Civil (3)

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Lector univ. Dr. Daniel Ene

DREPT PROCESUAL CIVIL- N o t e d e c u r s -

Bucureti!"#"


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CUPRINS

CAPITOLUL I. CONSIDERA$II %ENERALE

1.1. INTRODUCERE1.2. JUSTIIA1.2.1. &usti'ia ca (unc'ie1.2.2. &usti'ia ca ansa)*lu de institu'ii +rin inter)ediul c,rora se realiea, (unc'

udiciar,1.2.3. Princi+iile usti'iei

1.3. NORMELE DE PROCEDUR CIVIL1.3.1. %eneralit,'i1.3.2. Clasi(icarea nor)elor de +rocedur,1.3.3. A+licarea nor)elor de +rocedur, /n ti)+. Solu'ionarea con(lictelor te)+orale d

le0i +rocedurale1.3.4. A+licarea nor)elor de +rocedur, civil, /n s+a'iu. Solu'ionarea con(lictelor s+a'ia

de le0i1.3.5. A+licarea nor)elor de +rocedur, asu+ra +ersoanelor

1.4. PROCESUL CIVIL1.4.1. No'iune. De(ini'ie. Structur,1.4.2. 1etoda +rocesului1.4.3. Ele)entele +rocesului civil

CAPITOLUL II. CO1PETEN$A INSTAN$ELOR2.1. INTRODUCERE

2.1.1. No'iune2.2. FORMELE COMPETENEI

2.2.1. Co)+eten'a 0eneral,2.2.2. Co)+eten'a urisdic'ional,2.2.3. Co)+eten'a de atri*u'iune2.2.4. Co)+eten'a teritorial,

2.2.4.1. Compete!" te#$to#$"%& 'e '#ept (om)2.2.4.2. Compete!" te#$to#$"%& "%te#"t$*&2.2.4.3. Compete!" te#$to#$"%& e+(%),$*&

2.3. -NTINDEREA I E/TINDEREA COMPETENEI INSTANEI SESI0ATE2.3.1. 2ntinderea co)+eten'ei instan'ei sesiate2.3.2. E3tinderea co)+eten'ei instan'ei sesiate

2.3.2.1. E+t$'e#e" %e"%& 'e (ompete!&2.3.2.2. E+t$'e#e" )'e(&to#e",(& 'e (ompete!&2.3.2.3. E+t$'e#e" (o*e!$o"%& 'e (ompete!&

2.4. INCIDENTE PROCEDURALE CU PRIVIRE LA INSTANA SESI0AT2.4.1.Con(lictele de co)+etenta

2.4.1.1. De$$!$e2.4.1.2. P#o(e')#" ,o%)!$o$$ (o%$(te%o# 'e (ompete!&

2.4.2. Inco)+ati*ilitatea4 a*tinerea si recuarea udecatorilor2.4.2.1. I(omp"t$$%$t"te"


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2.4.2.2. At$e#e"2.4.2.3. Re()"#e"2.4.2.4. P#o(e')#" 'e ,o%)!$o"#e " (e#e#$%o# 'e #e()"#e

2.4.3. Stra)utarea +ricinilor2.4.4. E3ce+tia de neco)+eten',

CAPITOLUL III. P5R$ILE 6I CEILAL$I PARTICIPAN$I3.1. PRILE

3.1.1. Cine +oate (i +arte7 Condi'ii3.1.2. E3ce+'ia li+sei ca+acit,'ii de e3erci'iu3.1.3. Co+artici+area +rocesual, 8litisconsor'iile93.1.4.Dre+turile i /ndatoririle +rocesuale ale +,r'ilor. A*uul de dre+t +rocesual

3.2. PARTICIPAREA MINISTERULUI PU6LIC -N CAU0ELE CIVILE3.3. ALTE PERSOANE CARE POT LUA PARTE LA JUDECATA 7INTERVENIA8

3.3.1.:elurile interven'iei3.3.2. Interventia voluntar,

3.3.2.1. Fe%)#$%e $te#*e!$e$ *o%)t"#e3.3.2.2. Fo#m" 9$ momet)% o#m)%$$ (e#e#$$ 'e $te#*e!$e *o%)t"#&3.3.2.3. A'm$te#e" : p#$($p$) " (e#e#$$ 'e $te#*e!$e3.3.2.4. Re)%$ p#$*$' )'e("#e" $te#*e!$e$ ')p& "'m$te#e" : p#$($p$)

3.3.3. Interventia (or'at,3.3.3.1. Fe%)#$%e $te#*e!$e$ o#!"te3.3.3.2. C;em"#e" : )'e("t" " "%to# pe#,o"e3.3.3.3. C;em"#e" : "#"t$e3.3.3.4. A#"t"#e" t$t)%"#)%)$ '#ept)%)$

3.4. REPRE0ENTAREA PARTILOR -N JUDECATA

CAPITOLUL IV. :OR1E %ENERALE DE PROCEDUR54.1. CONSIDERAII


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4.3.2. Ele)entele constitutive ale ter)enului4.3.3. Calculul ter)enelor4.3.4. Sanc'iunea care intervine /n caul neres+ect,rii ter)enului de +rocedur,4.3.5. Re+unerea /n ter)en

4.4. SANCIUNI PENTRU NERESPECTARE FORMELOR DE PROCEDUR4.4.1. Considera'ii 0enerale

4.4.2. Nulitatea actului de +rocedur,4.4.3. A)eni udiciare si des+a0u*iri

CAPITOLUL V. &UDECATA 2N PRI15 INSTAN$55.1. CONSIDERAII


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5.3.3. Ad)inistrarea doveilor 8+ro*elor95.3.3.1. Co,$'e#"!$$ ee#"%e5.3.3.2. Do*"'" () :,(#$,)#$5.3.3.3. Ve#$$("#e" 'e ,(#$pte5.3.3.4. -,(#$e#e" : "%,5.3.3.5. Do*"'" () m"#to#$

5.3.3.?. E+pe#t$"5.3.3.@. Ce#(et"#e" %" "t" %o()%)$5.3.3.. Ite#o"to#$)%

5.3.4. Asi0urarea doveilor5.3.5. Cercetarea +rocesului /n caul ad)inistrarii +ro*elor de catre avocati 5.3.?. Sus+endarea udecatii

5.3.?.1. C")#$%e 'e ,),pe'"#e5.3.?.2. P#o(e')#" ,),pe'$$5.3.?.3. Cot$)"#e" )'e(&!$$

5.3.@. Renuntarea la udecata si renuntarea la dre+t5.3.. Peri)area

5.3..1. No!$)e5.3..2. Co'$!$$%e pe#$m$$5.3..3. C")e 'e :t#e#)pe#e " ()#,)%)$ pe#$m$$5.3..4. C")e 'e ,),pe'"#e " ()#,)%)$ pe#$m$$5.3..5. P#o(e')#" (o,t"t$$ pe#$m$$5.3..?. Ee(te%e pe#$m$$

5.3.B. C;eltuielile de udecata5.4. ETAPA DELI6ERRII I PRONUNRII OTRRII

5.4.1. Considera'ii 0enerale5.4.2. Procedura deli*er,rii i ado+t,rii ;ot,r


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?.2.3.4. J)'e("#e" "pe%)%)$?.3. JUDECATA -N RECURS

?.3.1. Considera'ii 0enerale?.3.2. :or)ele +rocedurale +rivind recursul

?.3.2.1. Te#me)%?.3.2.2. Ce#e#e" 'e #e()#,

?.3.2.3. Mot$*e%e 'e (","#e ,") 'e mo'$$("#e?.3.2.4. Co'$!$$ p#e"%"$%e )'e($$ #e()#,)%)$?.3.2.5. J)'e("#e" #e()#,)%)$

?.3.3. E(ectele casarii?.4. JUDECATA -N CONTESTATIA -N ANULARE

?.4.1. Considera'ii 0enerale?.4.2. :or)ele +rocedurale +rivind contesta'ia /n anulare

?.4.2.1. Cote,t"!$" : ")%"#e 'e '#ept (om) p#e*&)t& 'e "#t. 31@ C.p#o(.($*.?.4.2.2. Cote,t"!$" : ")%"#e ,pe($"%& p#e*&)t& 'e "#t. 31 C.p#o(.($*.?.4.2.3. P#o(e')#" $t#o')(e#$$ 9$ )'e($$ (ote,t"!$e$ : ")%"#e

?.5. JUDECATA REVI0UIRII OTARRILOR?.5.1. Considera'ii 0enerale?.5.2. :or)ele +rocedurale +rivind reviuirea

?.5.2.1. Mot$*e%e 'e #e*$)$#e?.5.2.2. Ce$ $,t"!e ,e "'#e,e"& (e#e#e" 'e #e*$)$#e=?.5.2.3. Te#me)% pet#) o#m)%"#e" (e#e#$$ 'e #e*$)$#e?.5.2.4. S),pe'"#e" e+e()t$$ ;ot"#>#$$ " ("#e$ #e*$)$#e ,e (e#e?.5.2.5. J)'e("t" #e*$)$#$$

?.?. RECURSUL -N INTERESUL LE


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@.?.2.1. I,t"!" (ompetet&@.?.2.2. Co!$)t)% (e#e#$$ 'e '$*o#!@.?.2.3. Dep)e#e" (e#e#$$ 'e '$*o#!@.?.2.4. J)'e("t" (e#e#$$ 'e '$*o#!@.?.2.5. ot>#e" 'e '$*o#!@.?.2.?. C&$%e 'e "t"(

@.@. -MPARTEALA JUDICIAR@[email protected]. :or)ele +rocedurale +rivind /)+,r'eala udiciar,@[email protected]. Co!$)t)% (e#e#$$ 'e :mp!e"%& )'$($"#&@[email protected]. J)'e("t" (e#e#$$ 'e :mp!e"%&

@.. ACIUNILE [email protected]. SOLUTIONAREA LITI


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.@. URMRIREA SILIT ASUPRA 6UNURILOR [email protected]. Considera'ii [email protected]. Bunuri i)o*ile care +ot (i ur)[email protected]. :or)ele +re)er0atoare v


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CAPITOLUL I. CONSIDERA$II %ENERALE

1.1. INTRODUCERE

D#ept)#$%e 9$ o%$"!$$%e pe#,o"e%o# "# t#e)$ ,& $e ,"t$,&()te #e,pe(t$* :'ep%$$te 'e )*o$e p#$ p#op#$" o#!& 9$ ")to#$t"te " $*o"#e%o# %o# & " $ e*o$e 'e " ,e #e()#e %" *#e) "$,t#)met.

D$ '$e#$te mot$*e :,& 7(omp%e+$t"te" ,$t)"!$$%o# )#$'$(e "m$)$t"te : p#$*$!" t$t)%"#)%)$ o(o!$)t)%)$ "(e,to#" $,t$(t 'e (o,e#*"#e e+"#(e"t p",$)$ pe#,o"%e ,pe($$( ()%t)#"% $*e% 'e')("!$e 9$G,") 'e $o#m"#e et(.8 'e m)%te o#$ '#ept)#$%e 9$ o%$"!$$%e ) ,)t ,"t$,&()te #e,pe(t$* ,)t :'ep%$$te 'e )& *o$e.

A(e,te :mp#e)#$ 'e e,"t$,"(e#e " '#ept)#$%o# o#$ " $te#e,e%o# %e"% p#ote)$te #e,pe(t$*o%$"!$$%o# '") "9te#e )o# '$e#e'e 7'$,p)te8 :t#e t$t)%"#$$ "(e,to#" 9$ (e$ o%$"!$ " %e :'ep%$$.

Ueo#$ '$e#e'e%e ,e ,t$ 'e %" ,$e p#$ 'e$te#e,)% t$t)%"#)%)$ '#ept)%)$ ,") $te#e,)%)$ %ep#ote)$t.

A%teo#$ 7,$t)"!$" (e" m"$ #e(*et&8 "(e,te" ,)t ,)p),e )o# p#o(e')#$ 'e ,o%)!$o"#eH $e p#$te#me'$)%usti'iei $e p#$ $te#me'$)% )o# )etode de solu'ionare alternativ,7(o($%$e#e me'$e#eo($e#e "#$t"#"81.

1.2. JUSTIIA

L" :(ep)t)#$ p#$ ),t$!$e ,e :!e%ee" coresponden cu ceva prestabilit2 $$' "t#$)$t:"$te 'e to"te '$*$$t&!$$ pentru a exprima proporia infailibil i armonia intrinsec a voineloacesteia3 (ee" (e : "%te ()*$te :,em" supunere fa de voina divin. A,te% #)&($)e,"(#$$($)% (e%e#"#e" $%e%o# e,t$*e e#") (o,$'e#"te :'"to#$#$ 'e ),t$!$e %" e% (" :'"to#$#e" 'e " )($'e ,") " ) )#"4.

Sp)>' (& ),t$!$" e,teproporia ntre activiti P%"to " #$'$("t ),t$!$" %" #")% 'e *$#t))$*e#,"%& 'e p#$($p$) #e)%"to# "% *$e!$$ $'$*$')"%e.

A#$,tote% " '$,t$, "po$ :t#ejustiia distributiv7"p%$("t& : #ep"#t$"#e" 'e oo#)#$ 9$ ))pot#$*$t me#$t)%)$ $e()$"8 9$justiia comutativ7("#e 'ete#m$& o#m"#e" #"po#t)#$%o# 'e ,(;$m ')po ")m$t& m&,)#&8.

Se :t#e*e'e :(& 'e "$($ 'e$$!$" ("#e "*e" ,& $ ,e 'e" ),t$!$e$ 'e I,t$t)te%e %)$ J),t$"$" :'$ p#$m)% T$t%) "% C!$$ I De J),t$t$" et J)#eH Justitia est constans et perpetua voluntas ius suucin!ue tribuens57J),t$!$" e,te *o$!" ,t"to#$(& 9$ (ot$)& 'e " "t#$)$ $e()$" '#ep)% ,&)8 $$' 'e,$o$m& () '#ept"te".

1- ,$,tem)% "(t)"% #om> 'e '#ept ) e+$,t& () e+(ep!$" (")e%o# (ome#($"%e "% (o# o$e(t e,te e*"%)"$% : "o%$"t$*$t"te" #e()#e#$$ %" *#e) $,t#)met 'e ,o%)!$o"#e "%te#"t$*& " '$e#e')%)$ 'e9$ %ee" o%$& )'e(&to#)% '""t)#" %$t$$)%)$ o pe#m$teH ,& $o#mee p!$%e (& pot #e()#e %" o mo'"%$t"te "%te#"t$*& 'e ,o%)!$o"#e " '$e#e')%)$ '$e%e 7"#t. ? '$ L. #. 1B2G2KK?privind medierea i or"ani#area profesiei de mediator8 ,& :(e#(e :mp&("#e" p!$%o# "!" p#$me$ $,t"!e 7"#t. 1318 ,& ,t)$e : tot ()#,)% ))$ p#o(e, 'e :mp!e"%& )'$($"#& (" p!$%e ,& :mp"#t& ))#$%e p#

)& :*o$"%& 7"#t. ?@34 C.p#o(.($*.8.2C#"$o*" I.$ntroducere n filosofia dreptului E'. A%% 6e( 6)()#e9t$ 1BB p". 21.3I'em.4I$'em.5Corpus Juris Civilis% Adnotationibus!ue Criticis $nstructumE'$t$o Ste#eotp" :#$$t& 'e A%e#t), 9$ M")#$t$), F#"te##$ee%$$ Aem$%$), e##m" E')"#'), O,e#)ee E'. L$p,$"e. S)mt$), 6")m"e#t)e#$ 1?1 p". 3.


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- p#eet ),t$!$" e,te :!e%e",&? ("H 1. tot"%$t"te" o#"e%o# 'e )#$,'$(!$e '$t#) ,t"","m%)% %e$%o# 9$ "% $,t"!e%o# )'e(&to#e9t$ ,$,tem)% 'e )(!$o"#e " "(e,to# $,t"!e 2. )" '$to#me%e )'"met"%e "%e "(t$*$t&!$$ ,t"t)%)$ ("#e (o,t& : )'e("#e" p#$($$%o# ($*$%e ,") pe"%e 9$ "p%$("#e" pe'ep,e%o# p#e*&)te 'e %ee 3. D#ept"te e(;$t"te 7'$ #.justice4%"t.Justitia9 'e($ () "%()*$te ),t$!$" #ep#e$t&H o )(!$e " ,t"t)%)$ ) ","m%) 'e $,t$t)!$$ p#$ ("#e ,e #e"%$e")(!$" )'$($"#& *$#t)te ,et$met 'e e(;$t"te ,") '#ept"te :t#e o"me$ 7),t$!$" (om)t"t$*&8@.

F$$'(& $'ee" 'e '#ept"te e,te '$(o%o 'e o p#o%em& $%o,o$(& o $'ee ("#e ,e 'e,p#$'e '#e"%$"#e" '#ept)%)$ : :t#e)% ,&) : e(oom$" p#eete$ %)(#$ ) e *om #ee#$ 'e(>t %" ),t$!$" ()(!$e 9$ ),t$!$" (" ","m%) 'e $,t$t)!$$ p#$ ("#e ,e #e"%$e"& )(!$" )'$($"#&.

1.2.1. &usti'ia ca (unc'ie

D$,(#ep"!" "p)t& :t#e 'e*o%t"#e" ,o($et&!$$ 9$ *e(;$%e e$ o#me 'e o#"$"#e 9$ (o')(e,o($"%& 7$t" t#$)%8 ") $mp), "p"#$!$" statului(" o)& *"#$"t& 'e o#"$"#e ,o($"%& p#$ ("o"me$$ 9$") p#omo*"t $te#e,e%e (om)e 9$ : ("#e 9$" &,$t e+p#e,$" (o(et#"t& :t#e"" ,o($et"te

St"t)% 7'ete#m$"t 'eH teritoriu populaie 9$putere de statB8 (o')(e ,o($et"te" p#$ $te#me'$+uterii de stat("#e e,te o o#m& 'e ")to#$t"te1K(e :9$ "#e o>#9$" :puterea poporului("#e 9$" p&,t#'o"# t$t%)% ",)p#" "(e,te$" t#",m$!>' e+e#($!$)% e$ ,t"t)%)$ 7,) "(e",t& o#m& " p)te#$$ 'e ,t"t811.

D$t#e to"te t#&,&t)#$%e p)te#$$ 'e ,t"t (e" ("#e ,e '$,t$e : mo' 'eo,e$t "t)($ (>' ,e "(#ee#$#e %" ,t"t e,te suveranitatea12.

Suveranitatea e,te dreptul statului de a conduce societatea i de a stabili raporturi cu alstate. D$ 'e$$!$" '"t& #e)%t& (& "(e",t" "#e 'o)& %"t)#$H una intern9$ alta extern.

&atura intern7("#e $te#e,e"& : e(oom$" %)(#$$ 'e "!&8 p#$*e9teputerea sa de comand interior7(e ,e (o(#et$e"& : e%"o#"#e" )o# me,"e () ("#"(te# ee#"%o%$"to#$) 7or0aniareordinii de dre+t8 9$ : )#m$#e" "p%$($$ %o# : p#"(t$(" ,o($"%& 7realiarea ordinii de dre+t88 p)te("#e ) e,te e"%"t& 'e $($o "%t& p)te#e ,o($"%& : $te#$o#)% ,&) 7mot$* pet#) ("#e ,e $mp)e p)te#e" 'e ,t"t ,& $e :mp!$t& : mo' e(;$%$#"t :t#e m"$ m)%te $,t$t)!$$ "%e ,t"t)%)$ (o(ept ()o,(,) 'e)m$#e" 'e se+ara'ia +uterilor /n stat138.

A,te% *$"!" ,t"t)%)$ 'e*$e ,t#>, %e"t& 'e ),t$!$e (&($ : t$mp (e ),t$!$" ",$)#& ("'#)% 'm"$e,t"#e " p)te#$$ 'e ,t"t ,t"t)% "#"te"& #e"%$"#e" ),t$!$e$ 9$ #e"(e o#'$e" )#$'$(& "e(t"t& '"(!$)$%e e'#epte.

J),t$!$" (" )(!$e (o,t& :H

?;ttpHGG'e+o%$e.#oG'e$$t$eG),t$t$e (oo#m DE/ 1BB.@C$o") V.M. op.($t. p". 1K.Pop" N. 'eoria "eneral a dreptului E'. A(tom$ 6)()#e9t$ 1BB? p". B.BI'em p". BB1KK.1KTe#me)% ")to#$t"te p#o*$e '$ %"t$e,()% ")to#$t", ("#e %" #>')% ,&) " 'e#$*"t '$ *e#)% ")e#e " ,po#$(o,o%$'" mot$* pet#) ("#e C. No$(" ,p)e" (& o#$(e ")to#$t"te "'e*"t& "')(e () ,$e ) ,po# ("#e o%$" pe (e%&%"%t ,& ,)p)&.11- ee#"% p)te#e" 'e ,t"t e,te $'et$$("t& ()fora mot$* pet#) ("#e " (&p&t"t 9$ 'e)m$#e" 'efor public.12Pop" N. op. ($t. p". 1K5.13Teo#$" ,ep"#"!$e$ p)te#$%o# : o#m" "((ept"t& "$ :$ "p"#!$e %)$ C;"#%e, Mote,Q)$e) 71?B1@558 $$' o#m)%"t& : ope," )'"met"%& Le,pe#$t 'e, Lo$, 7Sp$#$t)% %e$%o#8. Pot#$*$t "(e,t)$" : ,t"t e+$,t& t#e$ p)te#$H p)te#e" %e$,%"t$*& p)te#e" e+e()t$*& 9$ p)te#e" )'e(&to#e",(&. F$e("#e '"(e,te" t#e)$e ,& ,e e+e#($te $'epe'et 9$ ,& ,e ")to%$m$tee pet#) " p#e*e$ "))% 'e p)te#e.


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a9(acerea de dre+tate. A(e",t" p#e,)p)e :mp#e)& ,") ,ep"#"t $'epe'et ))% 'e "%t)%juris dictio "'$(& spunerea ,") pronunarea dreptului $"# pe 'e "%t& p"#te imperium "'$coordonarea activitilor de executare a titlurilor executorii p(n la ndeplinirea lor ntocmai

*9constatarea contractelor udiciare dintre +,r'i#?.c9 reolvarea cererilor +entru dele0area c,rora este nevoie de )ilocirea usti'iei4 (,r

/ns, s, se ur),reasc, sta*ilirea unui dre+t +otrivinic (a', de o alt, +ersoan, 7: "9")m$

p#o(e')#& e(ote($o",& #e%emet"t& : "#t. 33133B C.p#o(.($*.8

1?

.d9luarea unor ),suri cu caracter ad)inistrativ +entru des(,urarea o+ti), a udec,'incusiv ),suri de +oli'ie a instan'elor1@.

14Deo"#e(e o ;ot>#e $t#"t& : p)te#e" %)(#)%)$ )'e("t po"te $ e+e()t"t& 'e )&*o$e 'e 'e$to# (" : ("#e ) m"$ e,e*o$e 'e imperium ()m pe 'e "%t& p"#te e+$,t& 9$ t$t%)#$ e+e()to#$$$ ("#e ) ,)t ;ot#&>#$ "%e $,t"!e%o# '"# pete+e()t"#e" (o#" e,te e*o$e 'e #e()#e#e" %" $mpe#$)m. A%teo#$ e,te e*o$e "t>t 'e juris dictio (>t 9$ 'e imperium.15Pe %>& "(e#e" 'e '#ept"te ),t$!$" m"$ :'ep%$e9te 9$ )(!$" 'e " (o,t"t" 'e " %)" "(t 'e (o*e!$$%e p!$%o# m"te#$$%e ("#e pot "(e o$e(t)% :!e%ee#$$ :t#e p!$ () (o'$!$" ,& ) ,e :("%(e o#'$e" p)%$(& 9$ )e%e mo#"*)#$ 7"#tC.($*.8. E%e ) ,)t :,& (o,"(#"te e+p#e, $($ : Co')% ($*$%. C) to"te "(e,te" ,e '$,t$ "9")m$te%e (ot#"(te )'$($"%e"%e "'op!$$%e '$*o#!)% p#$ "(o#')% p!$%o# ,") (o,$m!&m>t m)t)"% 7'$*o#t)m )" #"t$"8 pop#$#e" (&($ 'e9$

"e"& pe "(o#')% p!$%o# e,te e*o$e 'e " $ :()*$$!"te 'e $,t"!&8 9$ (ot#"(te%e )'$($"#e p#op#$)$,eH p#o#)"#*o%)t"#& " (ompete!e$ 7"#t. 1B C.p#o(.($*.8 )'e("#e" (e#e#$$ #e(o*e!$o"%e o#$ " $t#o')(e#$$ : (")& " "%te$ pe#,o"o'"t& () (e#ee" $t#o')(t$*& 'e $,t"!& (;$"# '"(& ") o,t $t#o'),e pe,te te#me 7"#t. 135 C.p#o(.($*.8 :,(#$,)#$%e 'ep)'e p!$ #&m> 'o>'$te )'e(&!$$ 9$ ) ,e m"$ pot #et#"e & :*o$#e" p!$$ pot#$*$(e 7"#t. 14K C.p#o(.($*.8 "m>"#

)'e(&!$$ : teme$)% :*o$e%$$ p!$%o# ) ,e po"te :()*$$!" 'e(>t o ,$)#& '"t& : ()#,)% $,t"!e$ 7"#t. 155 "%$. 7C.p#o(.($*8 (e#e#e" &()t& : ,(op)% "#&t"t : "#t. 235 "%$. 718 C.p#o(.($*. o"te $ &()t& (;$"# '"(& ) e,te p#$me'$(e :t>#$e#e : (")% : ("#e p>#>t)% :9$ '& :*o$#e" 7"#t. 235 "%$. 728 C.p#o(.($*.8 $,t"!" *" ,),pe'" )'e("t" (>"m>'o)& p!$%e o (e# 7"#t. 242 "%$. 718 p(t. 1 C.p#o(.($*.8 (>' p!$%e ") $t#"t : 'e"te#e" o')%)$ #e)!"#e" )

po"te "(e 'e(>t () :*o$#e" (e%e$%"%te p!$ 7"#t. 24? "%$. 748 C.p#o(.($*.8 p!$%e ,e pot :&!$9" o#$(>' : ()#,)% )'e(&!(;$"# & ,& $ o,t ($t"te pet#) " (e#e ,& ,e 'e" o ;ot>#e ("#e ,& (o,$!e",(& :*o$"%" %o# 7"#t. 2@1 "%$. 718 C.p#o(.($*.1? Pot#$*$t art. @@# C.+roc.civ. p#o(e')#" e(ote($o",& ,e "p%$(& (e#e#$%o# pet#) 'e%e"#e" (o#" e,te e*o$e m$%o($#e" $,t"!e$ & :,& ,& ,e )#me",(& ,t"$%$#e" ))$ '#ept pot#$*$( "!& 'e o "%t& pe#,o"& p#e()m ,)t (e

p#$*$to"#e %" '"#e" ")to#$"!$$%o# )'e(&to#e9t$ ,") %" %)"#e" )o# m&,)#$ %e"%e 'e ,)p#"*e;e#e o(#ot$#e ,") ",$)#"#e. D",emee" p#o(e')#" ,e "p%$(& pot#$*$t art. @@ alin. 8#9 C.+roc.civ. 9$ : (")#$%e : ("#e %ee" '& : ,"#($" p#e9e'$te%$,t"!e$ %)"#e" )o# m&,)#$ () ("#"(te# e(ote($o, 7%)"#e" m&,)#$%o# 'e :()*$$!"#e " e+e()t$$ ,$%$te ,),pe'"#e+e()t$$ et(.8. Se,$"#e" $,t"!e$ ,e "(e p#$ (e#e#e ("#e pot#$*$t art. @@@ C.+roc.civ. t#e)$e ,& ()p#$'&H )me%e 9$ 'om$($%$)% (e("#e o "(e 9$ "%e pe#,o"e%o# pe ("#e "(e,t" (e#e ,& $e (;em"te :"$te" $,t"!e$ p#e()m 9$ "#&t"#e" pe ,()#t " o$e(t)%)mot$*"#e" 9$ ,em&t)#". E" *" $ :,o!$t& 'e :,(#$,)#$%e pe ("#e ,e ,p#$$&.- p#$*$!" (ompete!e$ art. @@! C.+roc.civ.,t"$%e9te (& '"(& (e#e#e" e,te : %e&t)#& () o %)(#"#e ,") p#$($& : ()#, %"$,t"!& ,") pe ("#e "(e",t" " #eo%*"to o#$ '"(& "#e (" o$e(t e%$e#"#e" )o# :,(#$,)#$ t$t%)#$ ,") *"%o#$ "%"te : 'epo$t)e$ $,t"!e ,o%)!$o"#e" e$ ,e *" "(e 'e "(e" $,t"!&. 7A(e",t" e,te o$%$"t& ,&9$ *e#$$(e '$ o$($) (ompete!" (;$'"(& e,te #e%"t$*& 9$ '"(& "p#e($"& (& e,te e(ompetet& *" t#$m$te 'o,"#)% $,t"!e$ : '#ept ,& ;ot",(& 7 art. @C.+roc.civ.88. J)'e("t" )o# ",emee" (e#e#$ ,e "(e : (omp%et 'e 'o$ )'e(&to#$ ,") 'e (&t#e ) ,$)# )'e(&to# : )(!'e "t)#" (e#e#$$ 7C$o") V.M. op. ($t. p". 338. Ce#e#$%e : m"te#$e e(ote($o",& ,e ,o%)!$oe"& p#$t#o :(;e$e#e. D"(& (e#e#e" e,te 'e "t#$)!$" p#e9e'$te%)$ $,t"!:(;e$e#e" t#e)$e p#o)!"t& : (e% m)%t t#e$ $%e 'e %" p#$m$#e" (e#e#$$ 7art. @@ alin. 8!9 C.+roc.civ.9("#e ,p#e 'eo,e'e ;ot>#$%e p#o)!"te : m"te#$e (ote($o",& ) "#e p)te#e 'e %)(#) )'e("t 7art. @@ C.+roc.civ.8. E" "#e ("#"(t(o,t$t)t$* 'eo"#e(e (#e"& o ,$t)"!$e )#$'$(& o)& 7C$o") V.M. op. ($t. p". 348.

-(;e$e#e" p#$ ("#e ,e :()*$!e"& (e#e#e" e,te e+e()to#$e 'e '#ept 7 art. @@ alin. 8#9 C.+roc.civ.8 $$' ) ""'m$$,t#"t$* () to"te (o,e($!e%e (e 'e()# 'e "$($H ) e,te e(e,"#& $*e,t$#e" () o#m)%& e+e()to#$e $"# "pe%)% ,),pe'& 'e '#ept e+e()t"#e e$. -(;e$e#e" e,te ,)p),& "pe%)%)$ 7art. @@ alin. 8!9 C.+roc.civ.8 ,") #e()#,)%)$ ')p& (". Te#me)% 'e "pe% #e,pe(t$* #e()#, *" ()#e 'e %" p#o)!"#e pet#) (e$ ("#e ") o,t 'e "!& 9$ 'e %" (om)$("#e pet#) (e$ ("#e ") %$p,$t 7 art. @@ al8@9 C.+roc.civ.8. - %$p," )o# p#e*e'e#$ e+p#e,e te#me)% 'e "pe% ,") 'e #e()#, *" $ tot (e% 'e '#ept (om) #e,pe(t$* 'e $%e. Ape%)%G#e()#,)% po"te $ &()t 'e o#$(e pe#,o"& $te#e,"t& (;$"# '"(& ) " o,t ($t"t& %" 'e%e"#e" (e#e#$$ 7art. @@ al89 C.+roc.civ.8.


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1.2.2. &usti'ia ca ansa)*lu de institu'ii +rin inter)ediul c,rora se realiea, (unc'udiciar,

Pot#$*$t "#t. 12? 7I,t"!e%e )'e(&to#e9t$8 "%$. 718 '$ Co,t$t)!$" Rom>$e$ '$ C"p$to%)% V7A)to#$t"te" )'e(&to#e",(&8 Se(!$)e" I 7I,t"!e%e )'e(&to#e9t$8 Justiia se reali#ea# pr)nalta Curte de Casaie i Justiie i prin celelalte instane judectoreti*+

a, )nalta Curte de Casaie i Justiie-b, Curi de Apelc, 'ribunaled, 'ribunale speciali#ate1

Ce#e#e" 'e "pe% ,") (e" 'e #e()#, ,e "(e :t#) ,$)# e+emp%"# %" ("#e ,e "t"9e"& (op$$ 'e pe :(;e$e#e" "pe%"t& 9$ pe :,(#$,)#$%e "'),e : ,),!$e#e" (e#e#$$. - )(!$e 'e ()m :(;e$e#e" e,te ,)p),& "pe%)%)$ o#$ #e()#,)%) $,t"!" (ompetet& ,& )'e(e ,e *" ,t"$%$ pot#$*$t "#t. 2"%$. 718 C.p#o(.($*. o#$ "#t. 2BB "%$. 738 C.p#o(.($*. Ape%)% :mpot#$*" :(;e$e#$$ '"te 'e p#e9e'$te%e )'e(&to#$e$ : ,$t)"!$$%e p#e*&)te 'e "#t. 33B C.p#o(.($*. ,e )'e(& t#$)"% $"# "pe%)% :mpot#$*" :(;e$e#$$ '"te 'e p#e9e'$te%e t#$)"%)%)$ ,") "% ()#!$$ 'e "pe% ,e )'e(& 'e (omp%et)% $,t"#e,pe(t$*e. C" 9$ ,o%)!$o"#e" (e#e#$$ : o' ,o%)!$o"#e" (&$%o# 'e "t"( ,e "(e tot : ("me#" 'e (o,$%$). - m&,)#" : ("#e ,)t :'ep%$$te (o'$!$$%e :mpot#$*" :(;e$e#$$ pot $ e+e#($t"te 9$ (e%e%"%te (&$ e+t#"o#'$"#e 'e "t7#e*$)$#e (ote,t"!$e : ")%"#e8. M"te#$" ,e (omp%ete"& () '$,po$!$$%e p#$*$' p#o(e')#" (ote($o",& : m&,)#" : ("#e "(e,te" ) (ot#"*$ "t)e(ote($o",e " p#o(e')#$$. A(e",t& p#o(e')#& (o,t$t)$e %" #>')% e$ '#ept)% (om) pet#) m"te#$$%e e(ote($o",e

p#$*$#e %" ("#e %ee" p#e*e'e o p#o(e')#& ,pe($"%& 7"#t. 33 "%$. 728 C.p#o(.($*8. -(;e$e#e" p#o)!"t& 'e $,t"!& ) (o,t$t)$e ) "(t )#$,'$(!$o"% 7R. Pe##ot J. V$(et S. t m"te#$e (ote($o",& $"# "(t)% $"% 7:(;e$e#e"8 ) "#e ")to#$t"te 'e %)(#) )'e("t 9$ ) e,te $#e*o("$% p)t>' $ 'e#e'"(t"t. A9" ()m ,e "#"t& 7V.M. C$o") op% cit. p". 3?8 "(e",t& p#o(e')#& ) $(%)'e m&,)#$%e 'e "'m$$,t#"#e )'$($"#& ("#e $") 'e )'e(&to# o#$ 'e p#e9e'$te%e $,t"!e$ ,") ,e(!$e$ p#e()mH $+"#e" ))$ te#me #ep"#t$"#e" (")e%o# :t#e (omp%ete

'e )'e("t& " )'e(&to#$%o# pe (omp%ete et(.1@ M&,)#$ () ("#"(te# "'m$$,t#"t$* "#t. 114 C.p#o(.($*. "#t. 114 1 C.p#o(.($*. "#t. 121 "%$. 728 C.p#o(.($*. "#t. 1C.p#o(.($*. "#t. 123 124 C.p#o(.($*. "#t. 2B C.p#o(.($*. "#t. 3K C.p#o(.($*. "#t. 3KB "%$. 718 C.p#o(.($*. A,te% pot#$*$t art. #!! C.+roc.civ.p#e,e'$te%e e+e#($t" po%$t$" ,e'$te$ p)t>' %)" m",)#$ pet#) p",t#"#e" o#'$$$

)e$()*$$te.D"(" ) m"$ e,te %o( : ,"%" 'e ,e'$t" p#e,e'$te%e po"te :%"t)#" pe (e$ (e "# *e$ m"$ t>#$) ,") pe (e$ (e 'ep",e

)m"#)% %o()#$%o#.N$me$ ) po"te $ %","t ," $t#e () "#me : ,"%" 'e ,e'$t" ""#" )m"$ '"(" %e po"#t" : *e'e#e" ,e#*$($)%)$

:'ep%$e,te : "t" $,t"te$.A(e$ ("#e $") p"#te %" ,e'$t" ,)t o%$"t$ ," "$" o p)#t"#e ()*$$($o",". A(e% (e *o#e,te $,t"te$ t#e)$e ," ,te"

p$($o"#e. P#e,e'$te%e po"te :()*$$t" e+(ept$)$ 'e %" "(e",t" :'"to#$#e.Pot $ :'ep"#t"t$ '$ ,"%" m$o#$$ ,$ pe#,o"e%e ("#e ,"# :"t$," :t#o t$)t" e()*$$($o",".P#e,e'$te%e po"te (;em" %" o#'$e o#$(e pe#,o"" ("#e t)%)#" me#,)% 'e"te#$%o#. D"(" "(e",t" (;em"#e #"m>e "

#e)%t"t e% po"te o%$" pe t)%)#"to# ," p"#",e",(" ,"%" ,$ %" e*o$e *" '" o#'$ ," $e ,(o, '$ ,"%".D"(" : ()#,)% ,e'$te$ ,e ,"*>#,e,te o "pt" pe"%" ,e "p%$(" '$,po$t$$%e '$ Co')% 'e p#o(e')#" pe"%".P#e,e'$te%e po"te ," o#'oe :'ep"#t"#e" t)t)#o# pe#,o"e%o# '$ ,"%" '"(" "%te% ) ,e po"te p",t#" o#'$e".

I"# pot#$*$t art. #!@ C.+roc.civ. '"(" '$t#e (e$ :'ep"#t"t$ '$ ,"%" "# $ *#e)" '$ p"#t$ :"$te 'e :(;$'e#'e"te#$%o# "(e",t" *" $ (;em"t" : ,"%" ,$ ,) pe'e"p," 'e )%$t"te $ ,e *o# p)e : *e'e#e to"te "pte%e e,et$"

pet#e()te : %$p," ," p#e()m ,$ 'e(%"#"t$$%e (e%o# ",()%t"t$.D$,po$t$" 'e m"$ ,), ) ,e "p%$(" : (")% (>' p"#te" :'ep"#t"t" '$ ,e'$t" " o,t ",$,t"t" 'e ) "*o("t ("#e " #"m

m"$ 'ep"#te : ,"%".1Pot#$*$t "#t. 12? "%$. 758 '$ Co,t$t)!$e e,te $te#$,& :$$!"#e" 'e $,t"!e e+t#"o#'$"#e. P#$ %ee o#"$(& pot :$$!"te $,t"!e ,pe($"%$"te : ")m$te m"te#$$ () po,$$%$t"te" p"#t$($p$$ ')p& (" " )o# pe#,o"e '$ ""m"$,t#"t)#$$.


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14/131

A#t. 1? "%$. 718 '$ Co,t$t)!$" Rom>$e$ ,t"t)e"& (& cetenii sunt e"ali n faa le"ii iautoritilor publice fr privile"ii i fr discriminri "#&t>' : (ot$)"#e : "%$. 728 (&H nimenu este mai presus de le"e.

P#$($p$)% e)!"t (oe#& t)t)#o# (et&!e$%o# *o("!$" e"%& 'e " $ )'e("te 'e "(e%e"9$ $,t")'e(&to#e9t$ 9$ ')p& "(e%e"9$ #e)%$ 'e p#o(e')#& & $($o '$,(#$m$"#e25.

E"%$t"te" : "!" %e$$ ) :,e"m& :,& )$o#m$t"te ",te% (& e+$,te!" )o# #e)%$ ,pe($"%e '

p#o(e')#& ,") " )o# o#"e 'e )#$,'$(te ,pe($"%$"te ) :,e"m& e#e,pe(t"#e" p#$($p$)%)$.d9 &usti'ia este4 /n +rinci+iu4 0ratuit,-(& 'e %" ) :(ep)t t#e)$e ,)%$$"t (& ),t$!$" ) e,te ",o%)t #"t)$t& () e+(ep!$" (")e%

pe"%e 9$ " "%to# m"te#$$ ,pe($"%e p#e*&)te 'e %ee.Pet#) ,e#*$($$%e )'$($"#e ),t$!$"$%$$ p%&te,( t"+e )'$($"#e 'e t$m#)2?9$ t$m#e )'$($"#[email protected]#$*$t "#t. 15 '$ Lee" #. 14?G1BB@ )e%e ope#"!$)$ ,)t ,()t$te 'e p%"t" t"+e%o# 'e t$m#

)'$($"# 9$ t$m#) )'$($"#. A%teo#$ e+$,t& ",te% 'e ,()t$#$ p#$ %e$ ,pe($"%e.T"+e%e ,t"$%$te ,)t mo'$(e :,& : #"po#t () p#ete!$$%e o#m)%"te ,") () eo#t)% &()t 'e ,t

pet#) :mp!$#e" ),t$!$e$ :t#e ),t$!$"$%$.C;$"# 9$ "9" pet#) (et&!e$$ () o ,$t)"!$e ,o($oe(oom$(& #e" ,t"t)% " o#"$"t ) ,$,tem '

")to# p)%$( )'$($"# #e%emet"t p#$ OU< #. 51G2KK privind ajutorul public judiciarto(m"$ pet" ,e p)te" ",$)#" t)t)#o# (et&!e$%o# ) "((e, %$e# 9$ e:#&'$t %" ),t$!$e (oo#m "#t. 21 '$Co,t$t)!$e.

e9 &urisdic'iile sunt +er)anente i sedentareP#$ pe#m"et" ,e :!e%ee (& $,t"!e%e )'e(&to#e9t$ :9$ :'ep%$e,( )(!$" (ot$))

,)((e,$)e" $%e%o# & "%te :t#e#)pe#$ 'e(>t (e%e 'ete#m$"te 'e $%e%e e%)(#&to"#e ,t"$%$te p#$ %e,>m&t" ')m$$(" 9$ ,&to#$%e %"$(e 9$ #e%$$o",e. V"("!" )'e(&to#e",(& ) :,e"m& o :t#e#)pe#e"(t$*$t&!$$ ($ ) #e$m m"$ )9o# 'e ,e#*$($) pet#) " pe#m$te m"$,t#"!$%o# 9$ pe#,o"%)%)$ ")+$%$"# ,&ee(t)ee p#$ #ot"!$e (o(e'$)% 'e o'$;&.

P#$ ,e'et"#$t"te ,e :!e%ee (& $,t"!e%e ) pot )(!$o" 'e(>t : ,e'$$%e %o# ,t"$%$te p#$%ee2.

C>' :,& '$ p#$($" )o# :mp#e)#"#$ e+(ept$o"%e $,t"t" (ompetet" e,te :mp$e'$("t" )t$mp m"$ :'e%)"t ," )(t$oee -"%t" C)#te 'e C","!$e 9$ J),t$!$e %" (e#e#e" p"#t$$ $te#e,"te *"'e,em" o "%t" $,t"t" 'e "(e%",$ #"' ("#e ," )'e(e p#$($" 7"#t. 23 C. p#o(. ($*.8.

1.3. NORMELE DE PROCEDUR CIVIL

1.3.1. %eneralit,'i

No#me%e )#$'$(e ("#e #e%emete"& #e%"!$$%e ,o($"%e (o,t$t)$te : ("'#)% "(t$*$t&!$$ ':&pt)$#e " ),t$!$e$ : %$t$$$%e 'e "t)#& ($*$%& po"#t& 'e)m$#e" 'e o#me 'e p#o(e')#& ($*$%&.

A(e,te" ,e ,t#)(t)#e"& :t#) ","m%) 'e #e%emet$ o#"$( "#t$()%"t "*>' "(e%"9$ o$e p#o(e,)% ($*$% "(ee"9$ $"%$t"te 9$ "(e%e"9$ p#$($p$$ )*e#"te 7$'epe'e!" )'e(&to#$%o'$,po$$%$t"te" p!$%o# (ot#"'$(to#$"%$t"te" 'e"te#$%o# et(. 82B.

S$,tem)% 'e o#me ",te% o#m"t e,te '$"m$( 9$ 'e,(;$, o#"$"$% p#$ $te#*e!$" (" "(t#e%"to# "% o#"e%o# 'e ,t"t () (ompete!& o#m"t$*&.

25C$o") V.M. op.($t. p". [email protected]?Coo#m Le$$ #. 14?G1BB@ p#$*$' t"+e%e )'$($"#e 'e t$m#) () mo'$$($%e 9$ (omp%et$%e )%te#$o"#e.2@Coo#m O.


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F"!& 'e o#me%e 'e '#ept m"te#$"% o#me%e 'e p#o(e')#& ") ("#"(te# e+(ep!$o"% (ee" (e "(e (pot#$*$t #e)%$$ exceptio est strictissime interpretationis et aplicationis ,& $e 'e ,t#$(t& $te#p#et"#e "p%$("#e e$$' pe#m$,& "p%$("#e" %o# p#$ ""%o$e 9$ "%to# ,$t)"!$$ : ""#" (e%o# %" ("#e ,e #eeexpresiss verbis3K : ""#& 'e (")#$%e : ("#e :,)9$ %e$)$to#)% p#e*e'e e+p#e, o ",emepo,$$%$t"te31.

P#$($p"%" #e%emet"#e p#o(e')#"%& o (o,t$t)$e Codul de +rocedur, civil,($t"t : (ot$)"

C.+roc.civ..Co')% 'e p#o(e')#" ($*$%" " o,t 'e(#et"t %" B ,eptem#$e 1?5 p#om)%"t %" 11 ,eptem#$e 1?,$ p), : "p%$("#e %" 1 'e(em#$e 1?5.

I$t$"% e% ," "p%$("t )m"$ pe te#$to#$)% *e(;$%o# P#$($p"te $"# ')p" 1B1 ," e+t$, pe :t#ete#$to#$) "% t"#$$ p#$ De(#et)% #. 34K? '$ 1 o(tom#$e 1B3 ,$ Le$%e #. 3B '$ 23 $)$e 1B43 ,$ 2?K "p#$%$e 1B45.

A(e,t (o' " ,)e#$t )me#o",e mo'$$("#$. Ce%e m"$ $mpo#t"te mo'$$("#$ ") o,t "'),e p#$De(#et)% #. 122 '$ 15 m"$ 1BKK32 %e$%e 'e "((e%e#"#e " )'e("t$$ '$ 1B m"$ 1B25 11 $)%$e 1B2B 23 $)$e 1B43 Lee" #. 5B '$ 23 $)%$e 1BB333 Lee" #. @G1BB?34 O.U.' o#'$e" p)%$(& (ee" (e :,e"m& (& :(&%("#e" %o# po"te "t#"e )%$t"t;ot>#$$ p#o)!"te. Am ,p), : ee#"% 'eo"#e(e )e%e o#me ()m ,)t 'e e+emp%) (e%e p#$*$' #e()"#e" ("#"(te# '$,po$t$* 9$ ) $mpe#"t$*. De ",emee" "m ,p), po"te "t#"e )%$t"te" (&($ ) tot'e")" "(te%e #e,pe(t$*e ,),"(!$o"$%e () o ",te% ,"(!$)e 7'e e+emp%) "!$e#e" 'e9$ "#e ) ("#"(te# $mpe#"t$* ;ot>#e" p#o)!"t& 'e )'e(&to#("#e ) ," "!$)t ) e,te )%& '"# )'e(&to#)% e,te p",$$% 'e ,"(!$)e '$,($p%$"#&8.


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$$8 o#me 'e (ompete!&43$$$8 o#me 'e p#o(e')#& p#op#$)$,&44.

8 ')p&/ntinderea ct (e

ee#"%& 'eo"#e(e "(e",t" '$ )#m& ) po"te & o '$,po$!$e e+p#e,& " %e$)$to#)%)$ ,& "e(teo#m" ,pe($"%&8.

2 n ca#ul n care norma special tace se aplic norma "eneral (&($ o#m" ,pe($"%& 'e#o7,e ""te8 )m"$ ,) )e%e ",pe(te 'e %" o#m" ee#"%&.

(8 ')p& caracterul conduitei +e care o +rescriu o#me%e 'e p#o(e')#& pot $H$8 $mpe#"t$*e4@

43 A(e,te" #e%emete"& "t#$)!$$%e $,t"!e%o# )'e(&to#e9t$ "!& 'e "t#$)!$$%e "%to# o#"e () "(t$*$t"te )#$,'$(!$o"7(ompete!" ee#"%&8 ,t"$%e9te #"')% $,t"!e$ (ompete!e ,& $ ,e "t#$)$e o p#$($& ')p& m"te#$" "(e,te$" 7(ompete!" "t#$)!$)e ,") m"te#$"%& ratione materiae8 ,t"$%e9te (ompete!" pe o#$ot"%& :t#e $,t"!e )'e(&to#e9t$ 'e "(e%"9$ #'"# ,$t)"te : ($#()m,(#$p!$$ '$e#$te 7(ompete!" te#$to#$"%& ratione personae vel loci8. Ue%e '$t#e "(e,te" ") ("#"(te# $mpe#t"t$* 7(e%e p#$*$' (ompete!" ee#"%& (ompete!" m"te#$"%& 9$ : ")m$te ,$t)"!e+p#e, p#e*&)te (e%e p#$*$' (ompete!" te#$to#$"%&8 :(&%("#e" "(e,to#" "t#">' )%$t"te" ;ot>#$$ p#o)!"t&. A%te%e 7(e%e p#$*$' (ompete!" te#$to#$"%& ("#e ) ,)t $mpe#"t$*e8 ,)t '$,po$t$*e ",te% (& :(&%("#e" %o# ) "t#")%$t"te" ;ot>#$$.44A(e,te" #e%emete"& mo')% 'e )'e("t& " p#$($$%o# 'e "t)#& ($*$%& 9$ 'e e+e()t"#e ,$%$t& " t$t%)#$%o# e+e()to#$$.

L" #>')% %o# e%e ,e pot (%",$$(" :H

o#me 'e p#o(e')#& (ote($o",& 7p#$*$' #e)%$%e 'e )#m"t : *e'e#e" ,o%)!$o$$ )o# %$t$$$8 o#me 'e p#o(e')#& e(ote($o",& 7p#$*$' #e)%$%e 'e )#m"t : (")% )o# (e#e#$ ("#e ) )#me,( ,t"$%$#e" ))$ '#epot#$*$( "!& 'e o "%t& pe#,o"&8 o#me 'e e+e()t"#e ,$%$t& (e ,t"$%e,( #e)%$%e p#$ ("#e (#e'$to#)% () ")to#)% o#"e%o# 'e e+e()t"#e :9$ po"te #e"%$'#ept)#$%e (>' 'e$to#)% )9$ e+e()t& 'e )&*o$e o%$"!$$%e ,t"$%$te p#$t#) t$t%) e+e()to#$). U$$ ")to#$ 7De%e") I. op.($t. p". 14158 (o,$'e#& (& "(e,te o#me *$e"& 'o"# )'e("t" (o,$'e#>' (& e+$,t& 9$"%t& ("teo#$e 'e o#me 9$ ")me o#me 'e e+e()t"#e. Pe#,o"% :m#&!$9e (%",$$("#e" &()t& 'e '%. C$o") e+p),& m,),.45No#me%e ee#"%e ,)t "(e%e" ("#e ,e "p%$(& : to"te (")#$%e 9$ : o#$(e m"te#$e '"(& %ee" ) p#e*e'e : mo' e+p#"%te%.4?No#me%e ,pe($"%e ,)t "p%$("$%e )m"$ :t#o ")m$t& m"te#$e e+p#e, ,t"$%$t&. A(e,te" ,)t 'e#o"to#$$ 'e %" o#meee#"%e ,)t 'e ,t#$(t& $te#p#et"#e 9$ ) pot $ "p%$("$%e p#$ ""%o$e.4@No#me%e $mpe#"t$e ,)t "(e%e" ("#e ,t"$%e,( o (o')$t& )$*o(& 9$ ,t#$(t 'ete#m$"t& 'e %" ("#e ,)$e(t)% p#o(e,)"% )

po"te ""te 'e(>t ",)m>')9$ #$,()% ,"(!$)$$ p#e*&)te 'e %ee. T#e)$e p#e($"t (& '"(& to"te o#me%e 'e o#'$e p)%$,)t o#me $mpe#"t$*e ) to"te o#me%e $mpe#"t$*e ,)t 9$ 'e o#'$e p)%$(&. No#me%e $mpe#"t$*e ,)tH +ro;i*itive7("#e $te#$( o "(!$)e8 ,") onerative7("#e $mp) o "(!$)e8 S)t (o,$'e#"te o#me $mpe#"t$*e (e%e ("#e p#$*e,( o#"$"#e" )'e(&to#e",(& 7() e+(ep!$" (e%o# p#$*$' #e()"#e(ompete!" ee#"%& " $,t"!e%o# )'e(&to#e9t$ (ompete!& 'e "t#$)!$)e (ompete!" te#$to#$"%& e+(%),$*& pe ("#e p!) o pot :%&t)#" )" "'m$$,t#"#e " ),t$!$e$ p#$($p$$%e )'"met"%e "%e p#o(e,)%)$ ($*$% 9$ "%te #e)%$ e,e!$"%e ""(e,t)$" o%$"t$*$t"te" :'ep%$$#$$ )o# p#o(e')#$ p#e"%"$%e ,e,$$$ $,t"!e$ p)te#e" p#o"t& " :,(#$,)#$%o# ")tet$(te#mee%e pet#) e+e#($t"#e" (&$%o# 'e "t"( e+e()t"#e" ,$%$t&. Se,$"#e" :(&%($$ %o# po"te "p"#!$e o#$(e$" '$t#e p!$ #ep#eet"t)%)$ M$$,te#)%)$ P)%$( ,") $,t"!e$ p)t>'&()t& : o#$(e ,t"#e " p#$($$$ (;$"# 9$ : "pe% ,") #e()#,. S"(!$)e" :(&%($$ %o# (o,t& : )%$t"te 'e(&'e#e pe#$m"#

p%"t" )e$ "me$ ep)t>' $ :%&t)#"t& p#$ "(ope#$#e" *$($)%)$ o#$ p#$ ,e,$"#e" %" #e)!"#e" %)$.


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1.3.3. A+licarea nor)elor de +rocedur, /n ti)+. Solu'ionarea con(lictelor te)+orale dle0i +rocedurale

T$mp)% e,te ) (o(ept pe (>t 'e *e(;$ pe "t>t 'e e'e,%)9$t. De9$ ) ,e )()#& 'e o 'e$$!

)$*e#,"% *"%"$%& D#ept)% p#o(e,)"% :% e*$'e!$"& ,) 'o)& ",pe(te

4B

H ("moment7#epe#"$% p#$ #ee#$!e%e %" pe#$o"'e%e "te#$o"#e ,") po,te#$o"#e %)$8 9$ ("durat7$te#*"% : ("#e ,e "(e ) "(t 'e p#o(e')#&85K.De9$ : e,e!& momet)% #ep#e$t& un interval de timp extrem de scurt "'$(& tot o ')#"t&

m"$ e,te 'e$$t51 9$ (" timp c(nd urmea# s se produc un eveniment ()m "# $ 'e e+emppo,$$%$t"te" 'e(%"#$$ )e$ (&$ 'e "t"( ,") '$mpot#$*& :(et"#e" "(e,te$ po,$$%$t&!$ $t#"#e" : *$o"" )e$ %e$ p#o(e')#"%e o$ et(..

Le"t 'e $t#"#e" : *$o"#e " )o# o$ o#me 'e p#o(e')#& e,te (o(ept)% 'e conflict temporde le"i%

P#$ conflict temporal de le"i,e :!e%ee ,$t)"!$" (#e"t& 'e ,)((e,$)e" o#me%o# )#$'$(e : t$m'et#m$"t& 'e e+$,te!" "t>t " )o# o#me *e(;$ (>t 9$ " )o# o#me o$ "*>' "(e%"9$ 'ome$) '#e%emet"#e.

-t#o ",te% 'e ,$t)"!$e ,e p)e p#o%em" care din cele dou le"i se va aplica3R&,p),)% %" "(e",t& (;e,t$)e e,te '"t 'e art !? C.+roc.civ.p#$ )t$%$"#e" " )#m&to"#e%o# t#

p#$($p$$H"8 neretroactivitatea le"ii civile noi52H8 aplicarea imediat a le"ii civile noi45

(8 tempus re"it actum.C" 9$ : '#ept)% t#"$to#$) m"te#$"% %ee" o)& ) ,e m"$ "p%$(& "(te%o# :(;e$"te 7fac

praeterita8 '"# ,e "p%$(& '$ momet)% $t#$$ e$ : *$o"#e "(te%o# :(ep)te ,) %ee" *e(;e 7facpendentia8 9$ (e%o# *$$to"#e 7facta futura8.

P#o(e,e%e : ()#, 'e )'e("t" %" '"t" ,(;$m"#$$ (ompetete$ $,t"te%o# %e"% :*e,t$te *o(ot$)" ," $e )'e("te 'e "(e%e $,t"te. - (" 'e (","#e () t#$m$te#e ,p#e #e)'e("#e '$,po$t$$%e %eo$ p#$*$to"#e %" (ompetet" ,)t pe 'ep%$ "p%$("$%e 7"#t. @25 "%$. 728 C.p#o(.($*.8.

- (")% : ("#e $,t"t" e,te 'e,$$t"t" 'o,"#e%e ,e *o# t#$m$te '$ o$($) $,t"te$ (ompetepot#$*$t %e$$ o$ 'e p#o(e')#" 7"#t. @25 "%$. 738 C.p#o(.($*.854.

4No#me%e '$,po$t$*e ,)t "(e%e o#me ("#e ,)p%$$' ,") $te#p#et>' *o$!" ee+p#$m"t& o#$ $,)$($et e+p#$m"t&p!$%o# : "(te%e %o# ,") p#ote>' $te#e,e%e )e$" '$ p!$ :&')$e p#$ (;$"# (o!$)t)% %o# (" p!$%e ,&9$ e+e#('#ept)% 'e '$,po$!$e 'e#o>' 'e %" '$,po$!$$%e pe ("#e %e ()p#$' 7C$o") V.M op.($t. p". 1@28. De "(ee" "(e,te"m"$ )me,( 9$ su+letive,") +er)isive. - (")% "(e,to#" p!$%e ") po,$$%$t"te" (" : %$m$te pe#m$,e ,& 'e#oe 'e %" '$,po$!$" )e$ o#me #e%"t$*e p#$ (o*e!e+p#e,& ,") t"($t& ,") ,& :%&t)#e e#e)%"#$t"te" p#o(e')#"%& p#$ "(ope#$#e" e$ o#$ p)# 9$ ,$mp%) p#$ #e)!"#e" o#m",") $mp%$($t& %" '#ept)% 'e " o $*o(".4BA ,e *e'e" C$o") V.M. op.($t. *o%. I p". 1214.5KA,pe(t p#$ ("#e e% po"te "(!$o" $e (" ) "(to# "te)"t ee$( ,o%)!$o$$ %$t$$)%)$ $e (" ) "(to# pe#t)#"to# "mp%$$("#e " (o%$(t)%)$ 9$ 'e ("#e e *om o()p" "t)($ (>' *om *o#$ 'e,p#e Te#mee%e p#o(e')#"%e.51.'e+o%$e.#oG'e$$!$eGmomet.52P#$($p$) ("#e :9$ "#e $*o#)% : "#t. 15 "%$. 728 '$ Co,t$t)!$" Rom>$e$H Lee" '$,p)e )m"$ pet#) *$$to# () e+(ep%e$$ pe"%e ,") (ot#"*e!$o"%e m"$ "*o#"$%e.53P#$($p$) :9$ "#e $*o#)% : "#t. @25. "%$.718 C.p#o(.($* ("#e ,t"t)e"& (&H D$,po$t$$%e %e$$ o$ 'e p#o(e')#" ,e "p%$(" 'momet)% $t#"#$$ e$ : *$o"#e ,$ p#o(e,e%o# : ()#, 'e )'e("t" :(ep)te ,) %ee" *e(;e p#e()m ,$ e+e()t"#$%o# ,$%:(ep)te ,) "(e" %ee.54A(e,t "%$e"t " o,t mo'$$("t p#$ p)(t)% 225. '$ O#'o"t" 'e )#et" #. 13G2KKK :(ep>' () [email protected]@.2KK5.


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ot"#>#$%e p#o)t"te :"$te 'e $t#"#e" : *$o"#e " %e$$ o$ #"m> ,)p),e ("$%o# 'e "t"( te#mee%o# p#e*")te 'e %ee" ,) ("#e ") o,t p#o)t"te 7"#t. @25 "%$. 748 C.p#o(.($*.8 pot#$*$t #e)tempus re"it actum.

A(t)% 'e p#o(e')#" :'ep%$$t :"$te 'e $t#"#e" : *$o"#e " %e$$ o$ #"m>e ,)p), '$,po$t$$%*e(;$$ %e$. - (")% : ("#e "(e,t "(t 'e p#o(e')#" "# p)te" $ ")%"t pot#$*$t %e$$ *e(;$ e% ) *" met$)t (;$"# '"(" pot#$*$t %e$$ o$ "# $ *"%"$% 7"#t. @25 "%$. 758 C.p#o(.($*.8.

1.3.4. A+licarea nor)elor de +rocedur, civil, /n s+a'iu. Solu'ionarea con(lictelor s+a'iade le0i

D$ p#$($p$)% ,t"t)"t 'e "#t.1. "%$. 718 '$ Co,t$t)!$" Rom>$e$ ("#e ,t"$%e9te (&H 6om(neste stat national suveran si independent unitar si indivi#ibil #e)%t& $mp%$($t p#$t#e "%te%e (& %e'e p#o(e')#& 7($*$%&8 #om>& ,e "p%$(& pe tot te#$to#$)% (ot#o%"t 'e ,t"t)% #om>.

C) to"te "(e,te" '"to#$t& "#e$$ !$$ : '$e#$te ,$,teme 'e t#"t"te 9$ (o*e!$$ $te#"!$o"%#e)%" 'e m"$ ,), e,te o"#e()m "te)"t& : ,e,)% "p%$($$ $me'$"te 9$ () p#e(&'e#e " t#"t"te%o# o(o*e!$$%o# %" ("#e Rom>$" e,te p"#te. A,te% pot#$*$t art. ## alin. 8!9'$ Co,t$t)!$e 'ratateratificate de .arlament potrivit le"ii fac parte din dreptul intern pot#$*$t art. !" alin. 8!9 'Co,t$t)!$e 7ac exist neconcordan ntre pactele i tratatele privitoare la drepturile fundamentaale omului la care 6om(nia este parte i le"ile interne au prioritate re"lementrile internaionale cexcepia ca#ului n care Constituia sau le"ile interne conin dispo#iii mai favorabile pot#$*$t ar#G alin. 8!9'$ Co,t$t)!$e Urmare a aderrii 7%" UE ..8prevederile constitutive ale UE precui celelalte re"lementri comunitare cu caracter obli"atoriu au prioritate fa de dispo#iiile contrardin le"ile interne cu respectarea prevederilor actului de aderare 'e ",emee" pot#$*$t art. #G ali8@9'$ Co,t$t)!$e .revederile alineatelor 80, i 8/, 7"%e "#t. 14 '$ Co,t$t)!$e ..8se aplic mod corespun#tor i pentru aderarea la actele de revi#uire a tratatelor constitutive ale UE 9$ $e pot#$*$t art. #G alin. 89 '$ Co,t$t)!$e .arlamantul .reedintele 6om(niei 9uvernul autoritatea judectoreasc "arantea# aducerea la ndeplinire a obli"aiilor re#ultate din actaderrii i din prevederile alin% 8/,.

- ""#" )o# ",te% 'e ,$,teme 7'e t#"t"te ,") (o*e!$$ $te#"!$o"%e8 dar /n +reen'a unora+orturi uridice cu ele)ent de e3traneitate : (o'$!$$%e )o# o#'$$ )#$'$(e "!$o"%e '$e#$t(o%$(te%e '$t#e "(e,te o#'$$ 7"'$(& ce le"e naional de va aplica situaiei cu element de extraneitasupuse re#olvrii=8 ,e ,o%)!$oe"& () ")to#)% o#me%o# (o%$(t)"%e ,t"$%$te 'e D#ept)% $te#"!$op#$*"t.

- !"#" o,t#& #"po#t)#$%e 'e '#ept $te#"t$o"% p#$*"t ,)t #e%emet"te p#$ Lee" 1K5G1BB2 privind re"lementarea raporturilor de drept international privat55. A(e",t" ,t"$%e9(ompete!" p#o(e')#" 'e )'e("t& #e()o"9te#e 9$ e+e()t"#e" ;ot>#$%o# ,t#&$e et(5?.

1.3.5. A+licarea nor)elor de +rocedur, asu+ra +ersoanelor

No#me%e 'e p#o(e')#& ,e "p%$(& ",)p#" pe#,o"e%o# () #e,pe(t"#e" p#$($p$)%)$ e"%$t&(o!$)t 'e "#t. 1? "%$. 718 '$ Co,t$t)!$e ("#e ,t"t)e"& (&H cetenii sunt e"ali n faa le"ii iautoritilor publice fr privile"ii i fr discriminri "#t. 1? "%$. 728 ("#e ,t"t)e"& (&H Nimeni neste mai presus de le"e "#t.. 1 "%$. 718H Cetenii strini i apatri#ii care locuiesc n 6om(nia bucur de protecia "eneral a persoanelor i a averilor "arantat de constituie i alte le"i "#t."%$. 718 '$ Lee" #. 3K4G2KK4 ("#e ,t"t)e"& (&H orice persoan se poate adresa justiiei pentraprarea drepturilor libertilor i a intereselor sale le"itime n exercitarea dreptului su la u

55P)%$("t" $ M. O. #. 245 '$ K1G1KG1BB2.5?C"p$to%)% /II Norme de procedur n materie de drept internaional privat "#t. 14 "#t. 11.


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proces ec:itabil "#t. @ "%$. 718 '$ "(ee"9$ %eeH 'oate persoanele sunt e"ale n faa le"ii frprivile"ii i fr discriminri "#t. @ "%$. 728H Justiia se reali#ea# n mod e"al pentru toi frdeosebire de ras naionalitate ori"ine etnic limb reli"ie sex orientare sexual opiniapartenen politic avere ori"ine ori condiie social sau de orice alte criterii discriminatorii.

Pot#$*$t "#t. 2 '$ Lee" #. 1K5G1BB2 strinii sunt asimilai n condiiile le"ii n drepturicivile cu ceteni rom(ni n tot ce privete aplicarea dispo#iiilor pre#entei le"i.

1.4. PROCESUL CIVIL

1.4.1. No'iune. De(ini'ie. Structur,Te#me)% proces p#o*$e '$ %"t$e,()% processus ("#e "#e "(ee"9$ #&'&($& () proced

procedereprocessiprocessum("#e :,em" a nainta a mer"e nainte a [email protected]" )#m"#e p#$ p#o(e, 7)'$($"#8 t#e)$e (& ,e :!e%ee" ceva prin care se poate continua via

8linitit,+ ieire dintr2un conflict re#olvare a unui conflict.D$(!$o"#e%e "(t)"%e e "#"t& (& p#$ te#me)% 'e p#o(e, ,e :!e%eeH succesiune de operaii d

stri sau de fenomene prin care se efectuea# o lucrare se produce o transformare evoluide#voltare desfurare n timp a unui eveniment succesiune de aciuni i operaiuni prin care sreali#ea# o lucrare.

D$ "(e,te 'e$$!$$ p)tem (o(;$'e p&,t#>' :,& ,e,)% o#$$"# "% te#me)%)$ (& p#$ p#o(e)'$($"# ($*$% ,e :!e%ee ndeplinirea unor forme de procedur de ctre pri de ceilali participansau de ctre instan n vederea soluionrii conflictului de drepturi sau de interese le"al protejapentru care s2a cerut concursul instanei%

A%!$ ")to#$ ") 'e$$t p#o(e,)% ($*$% (" activitate desfurat potrivit normelor procedurale dctre or"anul de jurisdicie prile interesate or"anele de executare de alte or"ane sau persoancare n condiiile le"ii particip la nfptuirea justiiei n pricinile civile n scopul stabilirii sareali#rii drepturilor i intereselor protejate juridicete ajunse sau nu n stare conflictual inclusprin executarea silit a :otr(rilor pronunate5 #e,pe(t$* (" activitate desfurat de instanpri or"ane de executare i alte persoane sau or"ane care particip la nfptuirea de ctre instanejudectoreti a justiiei n pricinile civile n vederea reali#rii sau stabilirii drepturilor i intereselocivile deduse judecii i executrii silite a :otr(rilor judectoreti sau a altor titluri executorconform procedurii prev#ute de le"e5B.

T$p$( p#o(e,)% ($*$% p#e,)p)e 'o)& "eHudecata7cognitio8 9$ e3ecutarea silit,7executio8A(e",t" ) :,e"m& :,& (& ) ,e po"te #e')(e )m"$ %" )" '$ "(e,te" $e co"nito $e executio?1.

J)'e("t" p#e,)p)e (e% p)!$ )'e("t" : p#$m& $,t"!&. E*et)"% e" ,e po"te (ot$)" 9$ (&$%e 'e "t"(H o#'$"#e 7"pe%)%8 9$G,") e+t#"o#'$"#e 7#e()#,)% (ote,t"!$" : ")%"#e #e*$)$#e"8 o#$ 'o) : o' ')p& (","#e.

O#$("#e '$t#e ($(%)#$%e )'e(&!$$ "#&t"te m"$ ,), p#e,)p)e )#m&to"#e%e etapeHI. Etapa scris : ("#e p!$%e 9$ $,t"!" $") ()o9t$!& 'e p#ete!$$ "p$ 9$ :,(#$,)#$

'ep),e : ,),!$e#e" "(e,to#".

5@t ;ot>#e" )'e(&to#e",(& 7CC 'e($$" 132G1BB4 : M.O. #. 34 '$ 15.K2.1BB5.


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II.Etapa de#baterilor : ("#e p!$%e ") po,$$%$t"te" ,&9$ ,),!$& p#ete!$$%e 9$ "p$%e p#"'m$$,t#"#e" 'e p#oe 9$ ""%$" %o# pe "" (o(%)$$%o# p),e 'e "(e,te".

III.Etapa deliberrii i pronunrii :otr(rii: ("#e )'e(&to#$$ "'opt& ;ot>#e" 9$ o p#o)"po$ : 9e'$!& p)%$(&.

F"" e+e()t$$ $te#*$e pet#) p)e#e" : "p%$("#e p#$ $te#me'$)% o#!e$ 'e (o,t#>e#e,t"t)%)$ " ;ot>#$%o# )'e(&to#e9t$ 'e*e$te t$t%)#$ e+e()to#$$ ,") " "%to# t$t%)#$ e+e()to#$$ ("#e ) ,)

;ot>#$ )'e(&to#e9t$ (>' 'e$o#)% )9$ e+e()t& 'e )& *o$e o%$"!$$%e ,t"$%$te p#$ "(e,te".D"(& 'e$to#)% :9$ e+e()t& 'e )& *o$e o%$"!$$%e "(e",t& "& ) m"$ "#e %o(. D"(& ,e e+e()) t$t%) e+e()to# "%t)% 'e(>t o ;ot>#e )'e(&to#e",(& "" )'e(&!$$ ) e+$,t&.

S) ",pe(t o#m"% p#o(e,)% ($*$% e,te ,o%em 9$ o#"% ?2 'e9$ ad probationem (e#e#$%e ,)o#m)%"te 9$ : ,(#$, $"# 'e"te#$%e 'e %" $e("#e te#me ,)t (o,em"te : :(;e$e#e" 'e 9e'$!& #e,pe(t$* : p#$m" p"#te 7p#"(t$("&8 " 9e'$!e$ 9$ (ot#"'$(oto#$) 7: ,e,)% (& t#e)$e ,&$ oe#e $e(p!$ po,$$%$t"te" 'e "9$ e+p#$m" p#op#$)% p)(t 'e *e'e#e ",)p#" (;e,t$)$$ : '$,()!$e8?3.

D$ p)(t 'e *e'e#e ,),t"!$"% p#o(e,)% "#e '#ept ,(op ,o%)!$o"#e" ))$ (o%$(t :t#e 'o),") m"$ m)%te pe#,o"e 'e (&t#e ) )'e(&to# ("#e e,te (;em"t?4,& "(& '#ept"te 7'>' $e()$" (e $ ()*$e suum cin!ue tribuere8 ,t$>' ",te% %$t$$)%.

1.4.2. 1etoda +rocesului

Te#me)% meto'& p#o*$e '$ #e(e,()% met:odos ("#e :,e"m& cale drum'"# 9$ mod dexpunere?5. A9"'"# p#$ meto'& t#e)$e ,& :!e%eem calea aleas pentru soluionarea procesului.

O p#$m& meto'& o%o,$t& :t#) p#o(e, e,te metoda raionamentului deductiv("#e p%e"(& 'e $'ee" (& p#o(e,)% 7($*$%8 e,te ) ,$%o$,m?? : ("#e p#em$," m"o#& e,te %ee" p#em$," m$o#& ,)"pte%e $"# (o(%)$" e,te ;ot>#e" #e)%t>' (& ;ot>#e" ) e,te #e)%t"t)% ("p#$($$%o# )'e(&to#)%)$ ,""% )e$ t#e,$#$ mo#"%e " (o9t$$!e$ ,"%e ("#e :% (o')(e %" e(;$t"te ($ e,te #e)%t"t)% "p%$($$ %e$$ ,$t)"!$" 'e "pt ,t"$%$t& : "" p#oe%o#?@.

Meto'" 'e')(t$*& e,te (omp%emet"t& 'e metoda dialectic? ("#e p#$ (om$"#e" () %o$o#m"%& ",$)#& #"!$o"met)%)$ p#e($$e #$o"#e (e#t$t)'$e 9$ o$e(t$*$t"te. - "(e,t ,(op )'e(&to#*" #e()#e %" '$e#$te t$p)#$ 'e "#)mete p#e()mH "#)mete a priori a fortiori 9$ a contrari"#)met teleolo"ic "#)metsistematic "#)met istoric "#)metpsi:olo"icet(.

?2Coo#m "#t. 12@ C.p#o(.($*. p#$($$%e ,e 'e"t *e#"% '"(& %ee" ) p#e*e'e "%te%.?3Coo#m e+p#e,$e$ %)$ See("H ")'$t)# et "%te#" p"#, 7,& $e ",()%t"t& 9$ (e"%"%t& p"#te8.?4J)'e(&to#)% ) ,e po"te ,e,$" ,$)# 7$'e+ e p#o(e'"t e+ o$($o 9$ emo $'e+ ,$e "(to#e8 ($ e,te ,e,$"t 'e #e(%"m"I"# o'"t& ,e,$"t ) po"te #e)" ,& )'e(e pe mot$*....?5De"(o) t.;etodolo"ie juridic E'. "m"$) 6)()#e9t$ 2KK? p". 3.??S$%o$,m)% e,te ) #"!$o"met 'e')(t$* ("#e (o!$e t#e$ )'e(&!$ %e"te :t#e e%e ",te% :(>t (e" 'e" t#e$" )'e("t& ("#ep#e$t& o (o(%)$e ,e 'e')(e '$ (e" '$t>$ p#$ $te#me'$)% (e%e$ 'e" 'o)".D$ p)(t 'e *e'e#e ,t#)(t)#"% ,$%o$,m)% (o!$e t#e$ p#opo$!$$H 'o)& p#em$,e 9$ o (o(%)$e. Ce% p)!$ o p#em$,& t#e)$e

$e :,& po$t$*& (&($ '$ 'o)& p#em$,e e"t$*e ) #e)%t& () e(e,$t"te o (o(%)$e.P#em$,e%e ,)t )" m"o#& 9$ )" m$o#&.P#em$," m"o#& (o!$e te#me)% m"o# 9$ p#e'$("t)% (o(%)$e$.P#em$," m$o#& (o!$e te#me)% m$o# 9$ ,)$e(t)% (o(%)$e$.E+emp%)HP#em$,& m"o#&H To!$ o"me$$ mo#P#em$,& m$o#&H $ e) ,)t omCo(%)$eH $ e) mo#Te#me)% me'$) e,te om ,)$e(t)% ,)t e) 7te#me)% m$o#8 $"# p#e'$("t)% e,te mo# 7te#me)% m"o#8.?@C$o") V.M. op.($t. p". 144.?C$o") V.M. op ($t. *o%. I p". 14?.


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R"!$o"met)% a fortiori,e #ee#& %" "pt)% (& )'e %ee" pe#m$te m"$ m)%t $mp%$($t pe#m$te m"$ p)!$?B. R"!$o"met)% 7per8 a contrario*"%o#$$(& #e)%" %o$($$ pot#$*$t (e$" "t)($ ("' "$#m& (e*" 9$ ,e e"& (ot#"#$)% ,") o '$,po$!$e () "p%$("#e %$m$t"t& "(e",t" ) ,e po"te e+t$'e (")#$%e ep#e*&)te 'e %ee@K.

Ueo#$ (>' (o,t"t& o %"()& )'$($"#& *" t#e)$ ,& #e()#& %" ""%o$$ 9$ %" p#$($p$$%e ee#"'e '#ept.

A%teo#$ )'e(&to#)% *" p)te" "pe%" 9$ %" o#me e+t#")'$($"#e ()m ,)t )"!e%e p#oe,$o"%o#me%e te;$(e #e)%$%e 'eoto%o$(e o#me%e 'e )& p#"(t$(& #e)%$%e mo#"%e et(.@1

De ",emee" (>' ,e "%& : $(e#t$t)'$e : "(t$*$t"te" ," )'e(&to#)% t#e)$e ,& $e (o'), 'm"+$m"%$"#e" #"!$o"%$t&!$$@2 pot#$*$t (o*$e#$$ ,"%e #eto#$(e ("#e ) )e"& )m"$ 'e e%emete#"!$o"%e p#eet"te m"$ ,), ($ 9$ 'e ,et$met emo!$e ()%t)#& $'eo%o$e@3.

1.4.3. Ele)entele +rocesului civil

D$ 'e$$!$" pe ("#e "m '"to p#o(e,)%)$ )'$($"# ($*$% #e,pe(t$* 'e ndeplinire a unor forme dprocedur de ctre pri de ceilali participani sau de ctre instan n vederea soluionrconflictului de drepturi sau de interese le"al protejatepentru care instanei i s2a cerut concurs#e)%t& (& e% ,e (omp)e '$H

e+$,te!" ))$ (o%$(t 'e '#ept)#$ ,") 'e $te#e,e %e"% p#ote)$te@4 o $,t"!& 'e )'e("t& p!$ 9$ "%!$ p"#t$($p"!$ o#me 'e p#o(e')#&.

CAPITOLUL II. CO1PETEN$A INSTAN$ELOR

2.1. INTRODUCERE

2.1.1. No'iune

- ee#"% p#$ (ompete!& ,e :!e%ee capacitatea cuiva de a se pronuna asupra unprobleme de a face ceva@5. - '#ept (ompete!" 'e$e9teG'e,(#$e #e%"!$" '$t#e ) o#" "% ,t"t)%)$ )(!$$%e "(e,t)$". De "(ee" ," ,p),@?(& din +unct de vedere o*iectiv (ompete!" #ep#e$t& spaiactivitii funcionale a unui or"an de stat $"# din +unct de vedere su*iectiv ,em$$(& aptitudinsau puterea de care dispune or"anul de stat n ndeplinirea misiunii la care este destinat.

2.2. FORMELE COMPETENEI2.2.1. Co)+eten'a 0eneral,

?B

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P#$m" p#o%em& ("#e ,e #$'$(& : %e&t)#& () (ompete!" (o,t& : 'e%$m$t"#e" (ompete!$,t"!e%o# )'e(&to#e9t$ 'e (ompete!e%e (e%o#%"%te ")to#$t&!$ "%e ,t"t)%)$.

-t#) ,t"t 'e '#ept p)te#$%e ,"%e t#e)$e ,& $e ,ep"#"te. P#$($p$)% ,ep"#"!$e$ p)te#$%o# : ,te,te $mp), : Rom>$" p#$ "#t. 1 "%$. 748 '$ Co,t$t)!$e ("#e ,t"t)e"& (&H statul se or"ani#ea#potrivit principiului separaiei i ec:ilibrul puterilor2le"islativ executiv i judectoreasc2 n cadrdemocraiei constituionale*.

Tot p#$ Co,t$t)!$e ,") ,t"$%$t p#$($p$$%e )(!$o$$ $e(e$ ")to#$t&!$ ,t"t"%e $$' "p'et"%$"te p#$ %e$ ,pe($"%e.P)te#e" ,pe($$(& "(o#'"t& $e(e$ ")to#$t&!$ ,t"t"%e m"$e,t"t& : ")m$te p#e#o"t$*

7"t#$)!$$8 ,pe($$(e #ep#e$t& (ompete!" ee#"%&.O ",te% 'e ,t"$%$#e " p)te#$%o# ("#e e,te : ,e, %"# o ,t"$%$#e 'e (ompete!e )#me9

:'ep%$$#e" ))$ ')%) ,(op 9$ ")meH ))% 'e " 'e%$m$t" )(!$$%e 7"t#$)!$$%e8 $e(e$ ",te% '")to#$t&!$ 9$ "% 'o$%e" 'e " ,top" o#$(e o#me 'e $t#)$)e " )e$" ,") m"$ m)%to# ")to#$t&!$ : ,e)(!$o"%& " )e$ "%te ")to#$t&!$.

P#$ co)+eten'a 0eneral," $,t"!e%o# )'e(&to#e9t$ ,e 'e,eme"& acea instituie procesuaprin intermediul creia se delimitea# activitatea instanelor judectoreti de atribuiile altoautoriti statale sau nonstatale@@.

A,te% pot#$*$t "#t. 12? "%$. 718 '$ Co,t$t)!$e ,e ,t"t)e"& (&H ),t$!$" ,e #e"%$e"& p#$ -"%C)#te 'e C","!$e 9$ J),t$!$e 9$ p#$ (e%e%"%te $,t"!e )'e(&to#e9t$ ,t"$%$te p#$ %ee@.

C) to"te "(e,te" p#$ %ee ,e pot "(o#'" "t#$)!$$ )#$,'$(!$o"%e 9$ "%to# ")to#$t&!$ ,") o#"e ",t"t)%)$ '$ ""#" ,$,tem)%)$ $,t"!e%o# )'e(&to#e9t$ 'e " #eo%*" ")m$te (o%$(te "p)te : ($#()$t($*$%@B....

Dep&9$#e" %$m$te%o# e+e#($!$)%)$ "t#$)!$$%o# ,t"to#$($te : ,"#($" $,t"!e%o# )'e(&to#e9t$ 7'e+emp%) p#$ ,&*>#9$#e" )))$ "(t pe ("#e )m"$ %e$)$to#)% p)te" ,&% "(& p#$ "t#$)$#e" 'e *"%o"%e"%& )o# te+te "#o"te ,") p#$ t&&')$#e" o#$(e$ *"%o#$ " ))$ te+t ("#e "#e :(& o#!" %e"%& p#$(#$t$("#e" ,") #e"%$"#e" 'e p#e,$)$ ",)p#" %e$)$to#)%)$ et(.8 #ep#e$t& o :(&%("#e " (ompete!ee#"%e " $,t"!e$ #e,pe(t$* ) e+(e, 'e p)te#e.

- %$te#"t)#" 'e ,pe($"%$t"teK," ,p), (& e+(e,)% 'e p)te#e 'e#$*& '$ :(&%("#e" ")$*&%$m$te%o# )(!$$%o# (e #e*$ ")to#$t&!$%o# p)%$(e p"#t""te %" $*e%)% ,$,tem)%)$ et"t$(.

2.2.2. Co)+eten'a urisdic'ional,

O#$(e ,$,tem )'$($"# e,te (o,t$t)$t '$t#) m"#e )m 'e $,t"!e "t>t pe *e#t$("%& $,t"'e #"'e '$e#$te 7ICCJ ()#!$ 'e "pe% t#$)"%e )'e(&to#$$8 (>t 9$ pe o#$ot"%& $,t"!e 'e "(e%"#"' #&,p>'$te pe tot te#$to#$)% !$$ 7() e+(ep!$" ICCJ)%)$ ("#e e,te )$(&8.

F"!& 'e o ",te% 'e m"#e *"#$et"te 'e $,t"!e ,e $mp)e () e(e,$t"te 'e%$m$t"#e" "t#$)!$$%$,t"!e%o# "t>t pe *e#t$("%& 7competena de atribuiune8 (>t 9$ pe o#$ot"%& 7competena teritorialpet#) " ,e e*$t" 9$ : "(e,t (" (" 9$ : m"te#$" (ompete!e$ ee#"%e $t#)$)$%e )e$ $,t"!e ",)p"%te$"G"%to#" () e+(ep!$" (ot#o%)%)$ )'$($"#.

2.2.3. Co)+eten'a de atri*u'iune1

@@Le9I. Comet"#$$%e Co')%)$ 'e p#o(e')#& ($*$%& *o%. I E'. A%%6e( 6)()#e9t$ 2KK1 p". 4.@A ,e *e'e" "#t. 2 '$ Lee" #. 3K4G2KK4 p)%$("t& : M.O. #. 2@ '$ 13.KB.2KK5 () mo'$$($%e 9$ (omp%et$)%te#$o"#e.@B- ",te% 'e ,$t)"!$$ )eo#$ ,e p#e*e'e (ot#o%)% )'e(&to#e,( "% "(te%o# 'e )#$,'$(!$e ee(t)"te to(m"$ pet#) " ,e :(&%'$,po$!$$%e Co,t$t)!$o"%e $,t$t)$te 'e "#t. 12? "%$. 718 ("#e ") o o#!& )#$'$(& ,),pe#$o"#e o#$(e$ "%te '$,po$!$$ %e"$te#e.KDe%e") I. op.($t. p". 222.


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Compete!" 'e "t#$)!$)e ,e ,t"$%e9te ')p& "t)#" %$t$$)%)$ 9$ *"%o"#e" $te#e,)%)$ %$t$$o,2 $)eo#$ ')p& ("%$t"te" p!$%o# 9$G,") )#e!&3.

N"t)#" ,") m"te#$" %$t$$)%)$ e,te ;ot>to"#e : ,t"$%$#e" (ompete!e$ 'e "t#$)!$)e. A,te%HPot#$*$t art. # C.+roc.civ. )'e("to#$$%e )'e("H1. : p#$m" $,t"t" to"te p#o(e,e%e ,$ (e#e#$%e : ""#" 'e (e%e '"te 'e %ee : (ompetet" "%t

$,t"te

1W. : p#$m" ,$ )%t$m" $,t"t" p#o(e,e%e ,$ (e#e#$%e p#$*$' (#e"!e "*>' (" o$e(t p%"t" ),)me 'e "$ 'e p>" %" 2.KKK %e$ $(%),$*42. p%>e#$%e :mpot#$*" ;ot"#>#$%o# ")to#$t"t$%o# "'m$$,t#"t$e$ p)%$(e () "(t$*$t"

)#$,'$(t$o"%" ,$ "%e "%to# o#"e () ",te% 'e "(t$*$t"te : (")#$%e p#e*")te 'e %ee3. : o#$(e "%te m"te#$$ '"te p#$ %ee : (ompetet" %o#.Pot#$*$t art. ! C.+roc.civ. t#$)"%)% )'e("H1. : p#$m" $,t"t"H

"8 p#o(e,e%e ,$ (e#e#$%e : m"te#$e (ome#($"%" "% ("#o# o$e(t "#e o *"%o"#e 'e pe,tem$%$"#' %e$ p#e()m ,$ p#o(e,e%e ,$ (e#e#$%e : "(e",t" m"te#$e "% ("#o# o$e(t e,ee*"%)"$% : "$8 p#o(e,e%e ,$ (e#e#$%e : m"te#$e ($*$%" "% ("#o# o$e(t "#e o *"%o"#e 'e pe,te 5 m$%$"#'%e$ () e+(ept$" (e#e#$%o# 'e :mp"#te"%" )'$($"#" " (e#e#$%o# : m"te#$" ,)((e,o#"%"(e#e#$%o# ee*"%)"$%e : "$ ,$ " (e#e#$%o# p#$*$' m"te#$" o')%)$ )($"# $(%),(e%e 'e '#ept (om) pet$to#$$ ,") ')p" (" po,e,o#$$ o#m)%"te 'e te#t$$ *"t"m"t$ '#ept)#$%e %o# p#$ "p%$("#e" %e$%o# : m"te#$" o')%)$ )($"#(8 (o%$(te%e 'e m)(" () e+(ept$" (e%o# '"te p#$ %ee : (ompetet" "%to# $,t"te'8 p#o(e,e%e ,$ (e#e#$%e : m"te#$e 'e (ote($o, "'m$$,t#"t$* : ""#" 'e (e%e '"te (ompetet" ()#t$%o# 'e "pe%e8 p#o(e,e%e ,$ (e#e#$%e : m"te#$e 'e (#e"t$e $te%e(t)"%" ,$ 'e p#op#$et"te $'),t#$"%"8 p#o(e,e%e ,$ (e#e#$%e : m"te#$e 'e e+p#op#$e#e8 (e#e#$%e pet#) :()*$$t"#e" )%$t"te" ,") 'e,"(e#e" "'opt$e$;8 (e#e#$%e pet#) #ep"#"#e" p#e)'$($$%o# (")"te p#$ e#o#$ )'$($"#e ,"*>#,$te p#o(e,e%e pe"%e$8 (e#e#$%e pet#) #e()o",te#e" p#e()m ,$ (e%e pet#) :()*$$t"#e" e+e()t"#$$ ,$%$te;ot"#>#$%o# '"te : t"#$ ,t#"$e

2. (" $,t"te 'e "pe%H "pe%)#$%e 'e(%"#"te :mpot#$*" ;ot"#>#$%o# p#o)t"te 'e )'e("to#$$ : p#$m" $,t"t"

3. (" $,t"te 'e #e()#,H #e()#,)#$%e 'e(%"#"te :mpot#$*" ;ot"#>#$%o# p#o)t"te 'e )'e("to#$$ ("#e pot#$*$t %e) ,)t ,)p),e "pe%)%)$

4. : o#$(e "%te m"te#$$ '"te p#$ %ee : (ompetet" %o#.Pot#$*$t art. @ C.+roc.civ. ()#t$%e 'e "pe% )'e("H1. : p#$m" $,t"t"H

p#o(e,e%e ,$ (e#e#$%e : m"te#$e 'e (ote($o, "'m$$,t#"t$* p#$*$' "(te%e ")to#$t"t$%o#,$ $,t$t)t$$%o# (et#"%e

2. (" $,t"te 'e "pe%H "pe%)#$%e 'e(%"#"te :mpot#$*" ;ot"#>#$%o# p#o)t"te 'e t#$)"%e : p#$m" $,t"t"

1- %$te#"t)#" 'e ,pe($"%$t"te "(e",t& (ompete!& m"$ e,te 'e)m$t& 9$ (ompete!& m"te#$"%& 7,") ')p& m"te#$e8 #"t$om"te#$"e.2De%e") I. op.($t. p". 244.3I'em p". 245.4P)(t)% 1W " o,t $t#o'), p#$ p)(t)% 1. '$ Lee" #. 2K2G2K1K :(ep>' () 25.11.2K1K.


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3. (" $,t"te 'e #e()#,H #e()#,)#$%e 'e(%"#"te :mpot#$*" ;ot"#>#$%o# p#o)t"te 'e t#$)"%e : "pe% ,") :mpot#$*;ot"#>#$%o# p#o)t"te : p#$m" $,t"t" 'e t#$)"%e ("#e pot#$*$t %e$$ ) ,)t ,)p),e"pe%)%)$ p#e()m ,$ : o#$(e "%te (")#$ e+p#e, p#e*")te 'e %ee

4. : o#$(e "%te m"te#$$ '"te p#$ %ee : (ompetet" %o#.Pot#$*$t art. C.+roc.civ. -"%t" C)#te 'e C","!$e 9$ J),t$!$e )'e("H

1. #e()#,)#$%e 'e(%"#"te :mpot#$*" ;ot"#>#$%o# ()#t$%o# 'e "pe% ,$ " "%to# ;ot"#>#$ : (")#$%ep#e*")te 'e %ee2. #e()#,)#$%e : $te#e,)% %e$$3. : o#$(e "%te m"te#$$ '"te p#$ %ee : (ompetet" ,".Pot#$*$t art. H C.+roc.civ. (ompetet" (e #e*$e $,t"te%o# )'e("to#e,t$ : %e"t)#" (

"#$t#")% #e%emet"t 'e C"#te" IV " Co')%)$ 'e p#o(e')#& ($*$%& "p"#t$e $,t"te$ ("#e "# $ o(ompetet" ," ,o%)t$oee %$t$$)% : o' : %$p," )e$ (o*et$$ "#$t#"%e.

M"#e" m"o#$t"te " ")to#$%o# (o,$'e#& (& "t)#" *"%o"#e" 9$ (e%e%"%te (#$te#$$ 'e "t#$)!$)"#&t"te m"$ ,), 'ete#m$& ,t"$%$#e" (")e%o# ("#e pot $ ,o%)!$o"te )m"$ 'e ")m$te ("teo#$$ '$,t"!e 7"9")m$t" competen material procesual8 : opo$!$e () 'ete#m$"#e" )(!$$%o# 9$ #o%)%$e(e$" '$t#e ("teo#$$%e 'e $,t"!e '$ ("'#)% ,$,tem)%)$ )'$($"# 7()o,()t& ,) )me%e 'competen material funcional < ratione oficiae8.

2.2.4. Co)+eten'a teritorial,

O'"t& ,t"$%$t& (ompete!" pe *e#t$("%& : ,"#($" )e$ ")m$te ("teo#$$ 'e $,t"!e )#me"& ,e 'ete#m$e (ompete!" pe o#$ot"%& "'$(& $,t"!" ,") $,t"!e%e '$ ("'#)% "(e%e$ ("teo#$$ 7$,t"'e "(e%"9$ #"'8 "$%$t"t&G"$%$t"te ,& ,o%)!$oee %$t$$)% (ee" (e : "%!$ te#me$ :,e"m& locali#arteritorial a liti"iului5.

C#$te#$$%e pe "" (o#" ,e ,t"$%e9te (ompete!" te#$to#$"%& ") : p#$($p$) ("#"(te# '$,po$t7: ,e,)% (& "%ee#e" $,t"!e$ e,te %&,"t& %" "p#e($e#e" #e(%"m"t)%)$8 () e+(ep!$" m"te#$$%o# p#$*$,t"#e" 9$ ("p"($t"te" pe#,o"e$ $mo$%e ,)((e,$)e ",$)#$ p#e()m 9$ : )e%e ,$t)"!$$ p#e*&)te 'o#me ,pe($"%e : ("#e ") ("#"(te# $mpe#"t$*.

2.2.4.1. Compete!" te#$to#$"%& 'e '#ept (om)

C#$te#$)% ("#e (o,t$t)$e #e)%" : m"te#$" ,t"$%$#$$ (ompete!e$ te#$to#$"%e e,te actor se!uitforum rei :,(#$, : art. ? C.+roc.civ. ("#e ,t"t)e"& (&H cererea se face la instanta domiciliulup(r(tului% 7aca p(r(tul are domiciliul n strainatate sau nu are domiciliu cunoscut cererea se face linstanta resedintei sale din tara iar daca nu are nici resedinta cunoscuta la instanta domiciliului saresedintei reclamantului.

- "(e%"9$ ,e, pot#$*$t art. C.+roc.civ. cererea mpotriva unei persoane juridice de drepprivat se face la instanta sediului ei principal8alin.8#99. Cererea se poate face si la instanta loculunde ea are repre#entanta pentru obli"atiile ce urmea#a a fi executate n acel loc sau care i#vorasdin acte nc:eiate prin repre#entant sau din fapte sav(rsite de acesta 8alin.8!99.

Cererea mpotriva unei asociatii sau societati fara personalitate juridica se face la instandomiciliului persoanei careia potrivit ntele"erii dintre asociati i s2a ncredintat presedintia sadirectia asociatiei ori societatii iar n lipsa unei asemenea persoane la instanta domiciliulu

5De%e") I. op.($t. p". 2?.?P#$ 'om$($%$) : ,e,)% "#t. 5 C.p#o(.($*. ,e :!e%ee 9$ "(e%" pe ("#e o pe#,o"& 9$ %" ,t"$%$t : "pt : %o("%$t"te" : ("t#&$e9te 9$ :9$ 'e,&9o"#& "(t$*$t"te" p#oe,$o"%& 7T.S. Se(.($*.'e(. #. 23KG1BB@ : C.C. 1B@@ p". 1@2.


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oricaruia dintre asociati% )n acest din urma ca# reclamantul va putea cere instantei numirea unucurator care sa repre#inte interesele asociatilor 8art. 8alin. 8@99 C.+roc.civ.9.

Cererile ndreptate mpotriva statului directiilor "enerale re"iilor publice caselor autonomsi administratiilor comerciale se pot face la instantele din capitala tarii sau la cele din resedinjudetului unde si are domiciliul reclamantul8art. G alin. 8#9 C.+orc.civ.9.

2.2.4.2. Compete!" te#$to#$"%& "%te#"t$*&- ""#& 'e $,t"!e%e (ompetete pot#$*$t '$,po$!$$%o# 'e m"$ ,), %ee" m"$ ,t"$%e9te 9$ "%

$,t"!e (ompetete ')p& ()m )#me"&HPot#$*$t art. C.+roc.civ. c(nd p(r(tul n afara de domiciliul sau are n c:ip statornic

ndeletnicire profesionala ori una sau mai multe ase#ari a"ricole comerciale sau industriale cererese poate face si la instanta locului acelor ase#ari sau ndeletniciri pentru obli"atiile patrimoniale care sunt nascute sau care urmea#a sa se execute n acel loc.

Pot#$*$t art. G alin. 8!9 C.+orc.civ. c(nd mai multe judecatorii din circumscriptia aceluiatribunal sunt deopotriva competente cererile n care fi"urea#a persoanele aratate la art. 8 alin. (C.porc.civ.se introduc la judecatoria din localitatea de resedinta a judetului iar n Capitala judecatoria sectorului =.

)n afara de instanta domiciliului p(r(tului pot#$*$t art. #" C.+roc.civ. mai sunt competenurmatoarele instanteH

1. n cererile privitoare la executarea anularea re#olutiunea sau re#ilierea unui contracinstanta locului preva#ut n contract pentru executarea fie c:iar n parte a obli"atiunii

2. n cererile ce i#vorasc dintr2un raport de locatiune a unui imobil n actiunile n justificarsau n prestatiune tabulara instanta locului unde se afla imobilul

3. n cererile ce i#vorasc dintr2o cambie cec sau bilet la ordin instanta locului de plata4. n cererile privitoare la obli"atii comerciale instanta locului unde obli"atia a luat naster

sau aceea a locului platii5. n cererile i#vor(te dintr2un contract de transport instanta locului de plecare sau de sosire?. n cererile facute de ascendenti sau descendenti pentru pensia de ntretinere instan

domiciliului reclamantului@. n cererile ce i#vorasc dintr2un fapt ilicit instanta n circumscriptia careia s2a sav(rsit ac

fapt.- $e pot#$*$t art. ##C.+roc.civ. n materie de asi"urare>? cererea privitoare la despa"ubi

se va putea face si la instanta n circumscriptia careia se aflaH0% domiciliul asi"uratului-/% bunurile asi"urate-5% locul unde s2a produs accidentul%Ale"erea competentei prin conventie este nula ns daca a fost facuta nainte de nastere

dreptului la despa"ubire7art. ##alin 8!9C.+roc.civ.9.A%ee#e" :t#e m"$ m)%te $,t"!e 'eopot#$*& (ompetete #e*$e #e(%"m"t)%)$ 7art. #

C.+roc.civ.8.

2.2.4.3. Compete!" te#$to#$"%& e+(%),$*&

Compete!" te#$to#$"%& e+(%),$*& e,te "(e" o#m& " (ompete!e$ te#$to#$"%e ("#e 'ete#m$("p"($t"te" )e$ $,t"!e 'e " ,o%)!$o" : e+(%),$*$t"te ")m$te (")e ($*$%e & (" p!$%e ,& o po":%&t)#". A,te%H

@C) e+(ep!$" ",$)#"#$%o# m"#$t$me ,$ %)*$"%e 7art. ##alin 8@9C.+roc.civ.9.


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Pot#$*$t art. #@ alin. 8#9 C.+roc.civ. cererile privitoare la bunuri imobile se fac numai instanta n circumscriptia careia se afla imobilele.

C(nd imobilul este situat n circumscriptiile mai multor instante cererea se va face la instandomiciliului sau resedintei p(r(tului daca acestea se afla n vreuna din aceste circumscriptii iar ca# contrar la oricare din instantele n circumscriptiile carora se afla imobilul 7art. #@ alin. 8C.+roc.civ.8.

Pot#$*$t art. # C.+roc.civ. n materie de mostenire sunt de competenta instantei celui durma domiciliu al defunctului+0% cererile privitoare la validitatea sau executarea dispo#itiilor testamentare-/% cererile privitoare la mostenire precum si cele privitoare la pretentiile pe care mostenitor

le2ar avea unul mpotriva altuia-5% cererile le"atarilor sau ale creditorilor defunctului mpotriva vreunuia din mostenitori sa

mpotriva executorului testamentar.De ",emee" pot#$*$t art. #?C.+roc.civ.4 cererile n materie de societate p(na la sf(rsit

lic:idarii n fapt sunt de competenta instantei locului unde societatea si are sediul principal $pot#$*$t art. # C.+roc.civ. cererile n materia reor"ani#arii judiciare si a falimentului sunt dcompetenta exclusiva a tribunalului n circumscriptia caruia se afla sediul principal al debitorului.

2.3. -NTINDEREA I E/TINDEREA COMPETENEI INSTANEI SESI0ATE

2.3.1. 2ntinderea co)+eten'ei instan'ei sesiate

I,t"!" ,e,$"t& 7pot#$*$t "#t. 11? C.p#o(. ($*.8 ,e p#o)!& ) )m"$ ",)p#" (e#e#e$%o# ,""(!$)$%o# #e(%"m"t)%)$ ($ 9$ ",)p#" "p$%o# p>#>t)%)$ " (e#e#$%o# o#m)%"te 'e "(e,t" 9$ " $($'ete%p#o(e')#"%e #$'$("te : ("'#)% p#o(e,)%)$ pot#$*$t #e)%$$ (o,"(#"te (& judectorul aciunii este judectorul excepiei pot#$*$t p#$($p$)%)$ accesorium se!uitur principalem. Re)%" ) ,e "p%$(& :: (")% (;e,t$)$%o# p#e)'$($"%eB (e#e#$%o# 'e #e()"#eBK (e#e#$%o# 'e ,t#&m)t"#e o#$ : (")% 'e%e$

De ",emee" tot $,t"!e$ $*e,t$te () o (e#e#e ,") "(!$)e :$ #e*$e (ompete!" 'e " ,o%)!$o9$ (e#e#e" $($'et"%& (o!$>' p#ete!$$%e p>#>t)%)$ : %e&t)#& () (e#e#e" #e(%"m"t)%)$B17"#t. 12K "%$718 C.p#o(.($*.8. D"(& :,& )m"$ (e#e#e" $t#o')(t$*& 'e $,t"!& e,te : ,t"#e 'e " $ )'e("t& $,t"po"te )'e(" ,ep"#"t (e#e#e" $($'et"%& 7"#t. 12K "%$. 728 C.p#o(.($*.B2.

2.3.2. E3tinderea co)+eten'ei instan'ei sesiate

E+t$'e#e" (ompete!e$ $te#*$e : (")% : ("#e o $,t"!& (ompetet& ,& ,o%)!$oee o (e#e() ("#e " o,t ,e,$"t& 'e*$e (ompetet& 7p#$ %ee p#$t#o ;ot>#e )'e(&to#e",(& " )e$ $,t",)pe#$o"#e ,") p#$ (o*e!$" p!$%o#8 ,& #eo%*e 9$ (e#e#$ ("#e : mo' o$9)$t ) $t#& : (ompete,".

2.3.2.1. E+t$'e#e" %e"%& 'e (ompete!&

Comp)e#e" $,t"!e$ 7$(omp"t$$%$t"te "!$e#e8 $($'ete%o# p#$*$' (ompete!" $($'ete%o# 'e p#o"!$)7*e#$$("#e" 'e ,(#$pte :,(#$e#e" : "%,8 et(.BA'$(& : (")% "(e%o# p#o%eme ("#e (;$"# '"(& ,)t $*o("te (" m$%o"(e 'e "p"#e t#e)$e #eo%*"te 'e o "%t& $,t": p#e"%"$% 9$ 'e$$t$* )#m>' " $ o%o,$te "po$ (" %)(#)#$ )'e("te 7rei judicata8.BKC"#e ("' : ,"#($" (omp%et)%)$ $me'$"t )#m&to#.B1C)o,()t& ,) 'e)m$#e" 'e (e#e#e #e(o*e!$o"%&.B2A(ee"9$ ,o%)!$e "'opt>'),e 9$ (>' (e#e#e" $($'et& ) ," &()t %" t$mp)% ,&) () e+(ep!$" ,$t)"!$e$ (>' "me%e p&(o,$mt (" e%e ,& $e )'e("te :mp#e)&.


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U p#$m (" 'e e+t$'e#e %e"%& 'e (ompete!& :% (o,t$t)$e (e% p#$*$' (op"#t$($p"#p#o(e,)"%& p",$*& #e%emet"t 'e art. C.+roc.civ. pot#$*$t ()$" cererea ndreptata mpotriva mamultor p(r(ti poate fi facuta la instanta competenta pentru oricare dintre ei @5- n ca# c(nd printp(r(ti sunt si obli"ati accesorii cererea se face la instanta competenta pentru oricare dintre debitorprincipali.

U "% 'o$%e" (" 'e e+t$'e#e %e"%& 'e (ompete!& e,te (e% p#e*&)t 'e art. # C.+roc.ci

p#$*$' (e#e#$%e "((e,o#$$

B4

9$ $($'et"%e

B5

("#e sunt n cderea instanei competente s judece cerereprincipalB?.U "% t#e$%e" (" 'e e+t$'e#e %e"%& 'e (ompete!& e,te (e% p#e*&)t 'e art. # C.+roc.ci

p#$*$' (oe+$t"te". A,te% pot#$*$t p#$m)%)$ "%$e"t "% "#t$(o%)%)$ me!$o"t partile vor putea cerntrunirea mai multor pricini ce se afla naintea aceleiasi instante sau instante deosebite de acela"rad n care sunt aceleasi parti sau c:iar mpreuna cu alte parti si al caror obiect si cau#a au ntrd(nsele o str(nsa le"atura. A(e",t" ,e po"te "(e '$ o$($) ,") %" (e#e#e" p!$%o#. Do,"#)% *" $ t#$m$,t"!e$ m"$ :t>$ $*e,t$te ""#& )m"$ '"(& "m>'o)" p!$%e (e# t#$m$te#e" %)$ %" )" '$ (e%e%"%$,t"!e. C>' )" '$ p#$($$ e,te 'e (ompete!" )e$ $,t"!e 9$ p!$%e ) o pot :%&t)#" :t#)$#e" ,*" "(e %" "(e" $,t"!&.

C) to"te "(e,te" '"(& $,t"!" 7'e*e$t& (ompetet& ')p& (oe+"#e8 ,o(ote9te (& )m"$ )" 'e%e e,te : ,t"#e 'e )'e("t& (")e%e ,e pot 'e,p!$ : o#$(e ,t"#e " )'e(&!$$ 7 art. #? C.+roc.civ$,t"!" #&m>>' : (ot$)"#e (ompetet& ,& ,o%)!$oee 9$ (")" '$,),&B@.

M"$ (o,t$t)$e (")#$ 'e e+t$'e#e %e"%& 'e (ompete!& (e%e #e%emet"te 'e art. #C.+roc.civ. pot#$*$t ()$" n cererile pentru constatarea existentei sau neexistentei vreunui drepcompetenta instantei se determina dupa re"ulile preva#ute pentru cererile av(nd de obiect executareprestatiunii9$ 'e art. #GHC.+roc.civ. pot#$*$t ()$" instanta nvestita potrivit dispo#itiilor referitoala competenta dupa valoarea obiectului cererii ram(ne competenta sa judece c:iar daca ulterionvestirii intervin modificari n ceea ce priveste cuantumul valorii aceluiasi obiect.

2.3.2.2. E+t$'e#e" )'e(&to#e",(& 'e (ompete!&

E+t$'e#e" )'e(&to#e",(& 'e (ompete!& e,te e+t$'e#e" ("#e $te#*$e : teme$)% )e$ ;ot>)'e(&to#e9t$ (e ,t"$%e9te ("#e ")me $,t"!& ,& )'e(e p#$($". E" ,e po"te :t>mp%" :t#)" ')#m&to"#e%e ,$t)"!$$H

: (" de delegare de competen c(nd din pricina unor mprejurri excepionale instancompetent este mpiedicat un timp mai ndelun"at s funcione#e $%C%C%J% la cererea printeresate va desemna o alt 1instan de acelai "rad care s judece pricina 7art. !@ C.+roc.civ.8.

: (" de strmutare (&($ pot#$*$t art. " alin. 8@9 C.+roc.civ.n ca# de admitere7" (e#e#'e ,t#&m)t"#e ..8pricina se trimite spre judecat unei alte instane de acelai "rad.

: (" de casare cu trimitere (&($ pot#$*$t art. @#! alin. 89 C.+roc.civ. n situaia casr:otr(rii atacate pentru motivul prev#ut de art% 5= pct% 5 C%proc%civ% instana va trimite dosarspre judecare instanei judectoreti competente sau or"anului de activitate jurisdicional competen

B3A(e",t" o'"t& ,e,$"t& 'e*e$' (ompetet& ,& #eo%*e %$t$$)% 9$ : #"po#t () (e$ ("#e 'om$($%$"& : ($#()m,(#$p!$$"%to# $,t"!e.B4De e+emp%) ("pete%e 'e (e#e#e "((e,o#$$ ))$ ("p&t p#$($p"%.B5Se(;e,t#)% )'$($"# ,e(;e,t#)% ",$)#"to# (e#e#$ pet#) ",$)#"#e" 'o*e$%o# (>' e,te p#$me'$e (" e%e ,& '$,p"#& ,") $e #e) 'e "'m$$,t#"t : *$$to# 7"#t. 23523? C.p#o(.($*.8 (e#e#e" #e(o*e!$o"%& 7"#t. 11B12K C.p#o(.($*.8 (e#e#$%e $te#*e!$e 7*o%)t"& ,") o#!"t&8 et(.B?A(e",t& e+t$'e#e ) po"te ope#" :,& : (")% : ("#e (e#e#$%e "# $ 'e (ompete!" )o# o#"e '$ ,$,teme '$e#$te

)#$,'$(!$e (&($ ,"# :(&%(" (ompete!" ee#"%&.

[email protected]. C$o") op. ($t. p". 435.


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potrivit le"ii iar pentru motivul prev#ut de art% 5= pct% = C%proc%civ% va respin"e cererea cinadmisibil.

2.3.2.3. E+t$'e#e" (o*e!$o"%& 'e (ompete!&

A(e",t& o#m& 'e e+t$'e#e " (ompete!e$ $te#*$e : teme$)% )e$ :!e%ee#$ " p!$%o# : "(e

,$t)"!$$ : ("#e %ee" p#o(e,)"%& %e :&')$e ,& 'e#oe 'e %" #e)%$%e 'e (ompete!& pe ("#e %e ,t"$%e9tO ",te% 'e $'ee #e)%t& '$ '$,po$!$$%e art. #C.+roc.civ. ("#e ,t"t)e"& (&partile pot conveni prnscris sau prin declaratie verbala n fata instantei ca pricinile privitoare la bunuri sa fie judecate dalte instante dec(t acelea care potrivit le"ii au competenta teritoriala afara de ca#urile preva#ute dart% 05 0= 04 si 0B C%proc%civ%

De #e)%& o ",te% 'e e+t$'e#e (o*e!$o"%& 'e (ompete!& (ompetete "#e %o( p#$t#o (%")$,e#"t& :t#) (ot#"(t '$t#e p!$ 9$ ")me (" : (")% $*$#$$ ))$ %$t$$) :t#e p!$ "(e,t" ,& ,o%)!$o"t 'e o ")me $,t"!&.

A(e",t& (%")& e" :,&9$ o (o*e!$e t#e)$e ,& :'ep%$e",(& )#m&to"#e%e (o'$!$$BH p!$%e ,& "$& ("p"($t"te p#o(e,)"%& 'e e+e#($!$) $"# (o,$m!&m>t)% %o# ,& $e %$e# 9$ e*$($" :!e%ee#e" p!$%o# ,& $e e+p#e,& (o*e!$" ,& 'ete#m$e p#e($, $,t"!" "%e",& 9$ $,t"!" "%e",& 'e p!$ ,& ) $e e(ompetet& ",o%)t.O ",te% 'e :!e%ee#e po"te $ :(;e$"t& : ,(#$, ,") *e#"% () #e,pe(t"#e" "(e%o#"9$ (o'$!$$

')p& $*$#e" %$t$$)%)$ : "!" $,t"!e$ "%e,e (" : ("#e "(e",t" *" %)" "(t 'e :!e%ee#e p#$t#:(;e$e#e 'e 9e'$!&.

2.4. INCIDENTE PROCEDURALE CU PRIVIRE LA INSTANA SESI0AT

2.4.1.Con(lictele de co)+etenta

2.4.1.1. De$$!$e

Pot#$*$t art. !" C.+roc.civ. e+$,t" (o%$(t 'e (ompetet"H1. c(nd doua sau mai multe instante se declara deopotriva competente sa judece aceea

pricina ,$t)"!$e : ("#e conflictul de competen se numete po#itiv9$2. c(nd doua sau mai multe instante s2au declarat necompetente de a judeca aceeasi pricin

,$t)"!$e : ("#e conflictul de competen se numete ne"ativ.De ",emee" e+$,t" (o%$(t 'e (ompetet" : ,e,)% "#t. 2K C.p#o(.($* ,$ : (")% : ("#e e%

$*e,te :t#e $,t"te )'e("to#e,t$ ,$ "%te o#"e () "(t$*$t"te )#$,'$(t$o"%". - "(e,t (" (o%$(t)% '(ompetet" ,e #eo%*" 'e $,t"t" )'e("to#e",(" $e#"#;$( ,)pe#$o"#" $,t"te$ : (o%$(t '$,po$t$$"#t. 21 $$' "p%$("$%e 7art. !# alin. 89 C.+roc.civ.8.

2.4.1.2. P#o(e')#" ,o%)!$o$$ (o%$(te%o# 'e (ompete!&

Pot#$*$t art. !# C.+roc.civ. instanta naintea careia s2a ivit conflictul de competenta vsuspenda din oficiu orice alta procedura si va nainta dosarul instantei n drept sa :otarasca asuprconflictului"'$(& re"ulatorului de competen.

Re)%"to#)% 'e (ompete!& ,e ,t"$%e9te pot#$*$t '$,po$!$$%o# "%$. 718 738 "%e "#t 2C.p#o(.($*.')p& ()m )#me"&H conflictul ivit ntre doua judecatorii din circumscriptia aceluiatribunal se judeca de acel tribunal8alin.8#99.7aca cele doua judecatorii nu tin de acelasi tribunal sa

BV. M. C$o") op. ($t. p". 43@


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daca conflictul s2a nascut ntre o judecatorie si un tribunal sau ntre doua tribunale competenta esCurtea de apel respectiva8alin.8!99.7aca cele doua instante n conflict nu se "asesc n circumscriptaceleiasi Curti de apel precum si conflictul ntre doua Curti de apel se judeca de )nalta Curte dCasaie i Justiie 8alin.8@99.

I,t"t" (ompetet" ," )'e(e (o%$(t)% *" ;ot"#: : ("me#" 'e (o,$%$) "#" ($t"#e" p"#t$%oot"#>#e" e,te ,)p)," #e()#,)%)$ : te#me 'e 5 $%e 'e %" (om)$("#e () e+(ept$" (e%e$ p#o)t"te '

-"%t" C)#te 'e C","t$e ,$ J),t$t$e ("#e e,te $#e*o("$%" 7art. !# alin. 89 C.+roc.civ.8.2.4.2. Inco)+ati*ilitatea4 a*tinerea si recuarea udecatorilor

2.4.2.1. I(omp"t$$%$t"te"

J)'e("to#)% ("#e " p#o)t"t o ;ot"#>#e :t#o p#$($" ) po"te %)" p"#te %" )'e("t" "(e%e$"p#$($$ : "pe% ,") : #e()#, ,$ $($ : (" 'e #e)'e("#e ')p" (","#e 7art.! alin.8#9 C.+roc.civ.8. D",emee" ) po"te %)" p"#te %" )'e("t" (e% ("#e " o,t m"#to# e+pe#t ,") "#$t#) : "(ee",$ p#$($7art.! alin.8!9 C.+roc.civ.8.

2.4.2.2. At$e#e"

J)'e("to#)% ("#e ,t$e (" e+$,t" ) mot$* 'e #e()"#e 7'$ (e%e p#e*&)te 'e "#t. 2@ C.p#o(.($*.8 p#$*$t" ," e,te '"to# ," :,t$$tee pe ,e)% %)$ ,$ ," ,e "t$" 'e %" )'e("#e" p#$($$$ 7art !C.+roc.civ.8. At$e#e" ,e p#op)e 'e )'e("to# ,$ ,e )'e(" pot#$*$t o#me%o# p#e*")te 'e "#t. 3K 3,$ 32 C.p#o(.($* 7art !C.+roc.civ.8.

2.4.2.3. Re()"#e"

Mot$*e%e pet#) ("#e ,e po"te (e#e #e()"#e"

Pot#$*$t "#t. 2@ C.p#o(.($*. )'e("to#)% po"te $ #e()"tH0% c(nd el sotul sau ascendentii ori descendentii lor au vreun interes n judecarea pricinii sa

c(nd este sot ruda sau afin p(na la al patrulea "rad inclusiv cu vreuna din parti-/% c(nd el este sot ruda sau afin n linie directa ori n linie colaterala p(na la al patrulea "ra

inclusiv cu avocatul sau mandatarul unei parti sau daca este casatorit cu fratele ori sora sotului unedin aceste persoane-

5% c(nd sotul n viata si nedespartit este ruda sau afin a uneia din parti p(na la al patrule"rad inclusiv sau daca fiind ncetat din viata ori despartit au ramas copii-

=% daca el sotul sau rudele lor p(na la al patrulea "rad inclusiv au o pricina asemanatoare caceea care se judeca sau daca au o judecata la instanta unde una din parti este judecator-

4% daca ntre aceleasi persoane si una din parti a fost o judecata penala n timp de 4 anaintea recu#arii-

B% daca este tutore sau curator al uneia dintre parti-?% daca si2a spus parerea cu privire la pricina ce se judeca->% daca a primit de la una din parti daruri sau fa"aduieli de daruri ori altfel de ndatoriri-@% daca este vrajmasie ntre el sotul sau una din rudele sale p(na la al patrulea "rad inclusiv

una din parti sotii sau rudele acestora p(na la "radul al treilea inclusiv%

2.4.2.4. P#o(e')#" 'e ,o%)!$o"#e " (e#e#$%o# 'e #e()"#e


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Ce#e#$%e 'e #e()"#e. I"'m$,$$%$t&!$ p#$*$' (e#e#$%e 'e #e()"#e

P#op)e#e" 'e #e()"#e ,e *" "(e *e#"% ,") : ,(#$, pet#) $e("#e )'e("to# : p"#te ,$ :"$'e :(epe#e" o#$("#e$ 'e"te#$ 7art. ! alin.8#9 C.+roc.civ.8. C>' mot$*e%e 'e #e()"#e ,") $*$t ')p:(epe#e" 'e"te#$%o# p"#te" *" t#e)$ ," p#op)" #e()"#e" 'e :'"t" (e "(e,te" :$ ,)t ()o,()te 7ar! alin.8!9 C.+roc.civ.8.

Pot#$*$t art. !GC.+roc.civ.- ) ,e pot #e()" )'e("to#$$ #)'e ,") "$$ "$ "(e%o#" ("#e ,t") : )'e("t" (" t)to#e ()#"to,") '$#e(to# "% )e$ $,t$t)t$$ p)%$(e ,") ,o($et"t$ (ome#($"%e (>' "(e,t$" ) ") $te#e, pe#,o"% :)'e("#e" p#$($$$ 7alin. 8#98

) ,e pot #e()" tot$ )'e("to#$$ )e$ $,t"te ,") "$ )e$ ,e(t$$ " "(e,te$" 7alin. 8!98 (e#e#$%e p#$ ("#e ,e #e()& $,t"te%e $e#"#;$( ,)pe#$o"#e o#m)%"te %" $,t"t" ("

,o%)t$oe"" %$t$$)% ,)t $"'m$,$$%e 7alin. 8@98 ) ,e po"te o#m)%" o o)" (e#e#e 'e #e()"#e :mpot#$*" "(e%)$",$ )'e("to# pet#) "(e%e"

mot$*e pet#) ("#e ," m"$ o#m)%"t o (e#e#e 'e #e()"#e7alin. 898.De ",emee" pot#$*$t art @# alin.8!9 C.+roc.civ. ) ,e "'m$te $te#o"to#$)% (" m$%o( '

'o*"'" " mot$*e%o# 'e #e()"#e.

So%)!$o"#e" (e#e#$%o# 'e #e()"#e

J)'e("to#)% :mpot#$*" ("#)$" e p#op)," #e()"#e" po"te 'e(%"#" (" ,e "t$e 7art. ! alin.8C.+roc.civ.8. - ()#,)% )'e("#$$ (e#e#$$ 'e #e()"#e ) ,e *" "(e $($ ) "(t 'e p#o(e')#" 7 art. @#ali8@9C.+roc.civ.8.

Re()"#e" )'e("to#)%)$ ,e ;ot"#",te 'e $,t"t" #e,pe(t$*" : "%("t)$#e" ("#e$" ) po"te ," $t(e% #e()"t 7art. @" alin.8#9 C.+roc.civ.8. - (")% (>' '$ p#$($" #e()"#$$ ) ,e po"te "%("t(omp%et)% 'e )'e("t" (e#e#e" 'e #e()"#e ,e )'e(" 'e $,t"t" $e#"#;$( ,)pe#$o"#" 7art. @" alin.8C.+roc.civ.8.

Ce#e#$%e 'e #e()"#e $"'m$,$$%e pot#$*$t "#t. 2 ,e ,o%)t$oe"" 'e $,t"t" : "t" ("#e$" ") oo#m)%"te.

I,t"t" 'e($'e ",)p#" #e()"#$$ : ("me#" 'e (o,$%$) "#" p#eet" p"#t$%o# ",()%t>')% p)'e("to#)% #e()"t 7art. @#alin.8#9C.+roc.civ.8.

-(;e$e#e" ",)p#" #e()"#$$ ,e ($te,te : ,e'$t" p)%$(" 7art. @! alin.8#9 C.+roc.civ.8. D"#e()"#e" " o,t "'m$," )'e("to#)% ,e *" #et#"e 'e %" )'e("#e" p#$($$$ 7 art. @! alin.8!9C.+roc.civ-(;e$e#e" p#$ ("#e ," ;ot"#>t #e()"#e" *" "#"t" : (e m",)#" "(te%e :'ep%$$te 'e )'e("to#)% #e())#me"" ," $e p",t#"te 7art. @! alin.8!9C.+roc.civ.8.

-(;e$e#e" p#$ ("#e ," :()*$$t"t ,") #e,p$, "t$e#e" (" ,$ "(ee" p#$ ("#e ," :()*$$t#e()"#e" ) e,te ,)p)," $($ )e$ (&$ 'e "t"( 7art. @ alin.8#9 C.+roc.civ.8.-(;e$e#e" p#$ ("#e ," #e,p$, #e()"#e" ,e po"te "t"(" )m"$ o '"t" () o')% 7 art. @ alin.8C.+roc.civ.8. C>' $,t"t" 'e "pe% (o,t"t" (" #e()"#e" " o,t #e,p$," pe e'#ept #e"(e to"te "(te,$ 'o*e$%e "'m$$,t#"te %" p#$m" $,t"t" 7art. @ alin.8@9 C.+roc.civ.8.

D$,po$t$$%e p#$*$to"#e %" "!$e#e 9$ #e()"#e 7() e+(ep!$" mot$*)%)$ p#e*&)t 'e 2@ p(t. C.p#o(.($*. ,e "p%$(" ,$ p#o()#o#$%o# m"$,t#"t$%o# ",$,tet$ ,$ #e$e#$%o# 7art. @C.+roc.civ.8.

2.4.3. Stra)utarea +ricinilor

St#"m)t"#e" p#$($$%o# ,e po"te (e#e pet#) mot$*eH de rudenie sau de afinitate de bnuiale"itim,") de si"uran public.


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A,te% pot#$*$t art. @ alin.8#9 C.+roc.civ. (>' )" '$t#e p"#t$ "#e 'o)" #)'e ,") "$$ p>" #"')% "% p"t#)%e" $(%),$* p#$t#e m"$,t#"t$$ ,") ",$,tet$$ )'$($"#$ "$ $,t"te$ (e"%"%t" p"#te po"te (e"#" ,t#"m)t"#e" p#$($$$ %" o "%t" $,t"t" 'e "(e%",$ #"'.

I"# pot#$*$t art. @ alin.8!9 C.+roc.civ. ,t#"m)t"#e" p#$($$$ ,e m"$ po"te (e#e pet#) mot$*e '")$"%" %e$t$m" ,") 'e ,$)#"t" p)%$(".

6")$"%" ,e ,o(ote,te %e$t$m" 'e (>te o#$ ,e po"te p#e,)p)e (" ep"#t$$#e" )'e("to#$%o#

p)te" $ ,t$#$t" '"to#$t" :mp#e)#"#$$ p#$($$$ ("%$t"t$$ p"#t$%o# o#$ *#"m",$$%o# %o("%e.Co,t$t)$e mot$*e 'e ,$)#"t" p)%$(" "(e%e :mp#e)#"#$ ("#e (#ee"" p#e,)p)e#e" (" )'e("p#o(e,)%)$ %" $,t"t" (ompetet" "# p)te" p#o')(e t)%)#"#e" o#'$$$ p)%$(e.

Pot#$*$t art @G alin.8#9 C.+roc.civ.,t#"m)t"#e" pet#) mot$* 'e #)'e$e ,") "$$t"te t#e)(e#)t" m"$ :"$te 'e :(epe#e" o#$("#e$ 'e"te#$ $"# (e%e :teme$"te pe ")$"%" %e$t$m" ,") p,$)#"t" p)%$(" ,e pot (e#e : o#$(e ,t"#e " p#$($$$. St#"m)t"#e" pet#) ,$)#"t" p)%$(" ,e po"te (e)m"$ 'e ("t#e p#o()#o#)% 'e %" P"#(;et)% 'e pe %>" -"%t" C)#te 'e C","t$e ,$ J),t$t$e 7 art @G alin.8C.+roc.civ8.

Ce#e#e" 'e ,t#"m)t"#e ntemeiata pe motive de rudenie sau de afinitate,e 'ep)e la instanimediat superioara 7art. @ alin.8#9 C.+roc.civ.8.

Ce#e#e" 'e ,t#"m)t"#e :teme$"t" pe mot$*e 'e ")$"%" %e$t$m" ,") 'e ,$)#"t" p)%$(" ,'ep)e %" -"%t" C)#te 'e C","t$e ,$ J),t$t$e 7art. @ alin.8!9 C.+roc.civ.8.

Ce#e#e" 'e ,t#"m)t"#e ,e )'e(" : ("me#" 'e (o,$%$) 7art. " alin.8#9 C.+roc.civP#e,e'$te%e $,t"te$ *" p)te" (e#e 'o,"#)% p#$($$$ ,$ ," o#'oe "#" ($t"#e" p"#t$%o# ,),pe'"#e)'e("#$$ p#$($$$ (om)$(>' 'e )#et" "(e",t" m",)#" $,t"te$ #e,pe(t$*e 7art. " alin.8C.+roc.civ.8.

ot"#>#e" ",)p#" ,t#"m)t"#$$ ,e '" "#" mot$*"#e ,$ ) e,te ,)p)," $($ )e$ ("$ 'e "t"(. E" *"#"t" : (e m",)#" "(te%e :'ep%$$te 'e $,t"t" :"$te 'e ,t#"m)t"#e )#me"" ," $e p",t#"te 7 art. alin.89 C.+roc.civ.8.

- (" 'e "'m$te#e p#$($" ,e t#$m$te ,p#e )'e("t" )e$ "%te $,t"te 'e "(e%",$ #"' 7 art. alin.8@9 C.+roc.civ.8.

I,t"!" 'e %" ("#e ," ,t#&m)t"t p#$($" *" $ :,t$$t"t" 'e :'"t" 'e,p#e "'m$te#e" (e#e#$$ ',t#"m)t"#e. - (")% : ("#e $,t"t" " ,"*>#,$t "(te 'e p#o(e')#" ,") " p#o(e'"t :t#e t$mp %" )'e("#p#$($$$ "(te%e 'e p#o(e')#" :'ep%$$te )%te#$o# ,t#"m)t"#$$ ,$ ;ot"#>#e" p#o)t"t" ,)t 'e,$$t"te ''#ept p#$ ee(t)% "'m$te#$$ (e#e#$$ 'e ,t#"m)t"#e 7art. " alin.8?9 C.+roc.civ.8.

St#"m)t"#e" p#$($$$ ) po"te $ (e#)t" '$ o) pet#) "(e%",$ mot$* : ""#" 'e (")% : ("o)" (e#e#e ,e :teme$"" pe :mp#e)#"#$ e()o,()te %" '"t" ,o%)t$o"#$$ (e#e#$$ "te#$o"#e ,") $*$')p" ,o%)t$o"#e" "(e,te$" 7art. "J alin.8#9 C.+roc.civ.8. Ce#e#e" 'e ,t#"m)t"#e " (")e$ $t#o')," (e#e,pe(t"#e" p#e*e'e#$%o# "%$. 1 e,te $"'m$,$$%".

2.4.4. E3ce+tia de neco)+eten',

C>' : "t" $,t"te$ 'e )'e("t" ,e p)e : '$,()t$e (ompetet" "(e,te$" e" e,te o%$"t" ,t"$%e",(" $,t"t" (ompetet" o#$ '"(" e,te (")% ) "%t o#" () "(t$*$t"te )#$,'$(t$o"%" (ompete7art. #?G alin. 8#9 C.+roc.civ.8.

Ne(ompetet" e,te 'e o#'$e p)%$(" ,") p#$*"t" 7art. #? C.+roc.civ.8. Pot#$*$t "(e%)$""#t$(o% e(ompetet" e,te 'e o#'$e p)%$("H

1. : (")% :("%("#$$ (ompetete$ ee#"%e (>' p#o(e,)% ) e,te 'e (ompetet" $,t"te%o)'e("to#e,t$

2. : (")% :("%("#$$ (ompetete$ m"te#$"%e (>' p#o(e,)% e,te 'e (ompetet" )e$ $,t"te '"%t #"'

3. : (")% :("%("#$$ (ompetete$ te#$to#$"%e e+(%),$*e (>' p#o(e,)% e,te 'e (ompetet" )"%te $,t"te 'e "(e%",$ #"' ,$ p"#t$%e ) o pot :%"t)#".


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- to"te (e%e%"%te (")#$ e(ompetet" e,te 'e o#'$e p#$*"t".Ne(ompetet" ee#"%" " $,t"te%o# )'e("to#e,t$ po"te $ $*o("t" 'e p"#t$ o#$ 'e ("t

)'e("to# : o#$(e ,t"#e " p#$($$$ 7art. #?H alin.8#9 C.+roc.civ.8.Ne(ompetet" m"te#$"%" ,$ te#$to#$"%" 'e o#'$e p)%$(" po"te $ $*o("t" 'e p"#t$ o#$ 'e ("t

)'e("to# %" p#$m" $ 'e :"t$,"#e : "t" p#$me$ $,t"te '"# ) m"$ t>#$) 'e :(epe#e" 'e"te#$%",)p#" o')%)$ 7art. #?H alin.8!9 C.+roc.civ.8.

Ne(ompetet" 'e o#'$e p#$*"t" po"te $ $*o("t" 'o"# 'e ("t#e p>#>t p#$ :t>mp$"#e ,") (>:t>mp$"#e" ) e,te o%$"to#$e (e% m"$ t>#$) %" p#$m" $ 'e :"t$,"#e 7art. #?H alin.8@9 C.+roc.civ- "(e,t (" p"#te" ("#e " "()t (e#e#e" %" o $,t"t" e(ompetet" ) *" p)te" (e#e 'e(%"#"#e(ompetete$ 7art. #?G alin. 89 C.+roc.civ.8.

L" p#$m" $ 'e :"t$,"#e )'e("to#)% e,te o%$"t '$ o$($) ," *e#$$(e ,$ ," ,t"$%e",(" '"$,t"t" ,e,$"t" e,te (ompetet" ee#"% m"te#$"% ,$ te#$to#$"% ," )'e(e p#$($" (o,em>' ()p#$,)% :(;e$e#$$ 'e ,e'$t" teme$)#$%e 'e '#ept pet#) ("#e (o,t"t" (ompetet" $,t"te$ ,e,$"7art. #?H alin.89 C.+roc.civ.8.

D"(" $,t"t" ,e 'e(%"#" (ompetet" *" t#e(e %" )'e("#e" p#$($$$ (e% em)%t)m$t p)t>' "(" pot#$*$t %e$$ "pe% ,") #e()#, ')p" '"#e" ;ot"#>#$$ ",)p#" o')%)$ 7art. #?G alin. 8!9 C.+roc.civ.8

D"(" $,t"t" ,e 'e(%"#" e(ompetet" ;ot"#>#e" ) e,te ,)p)," $($)e$ ("$ 'e "t"( 'o,"#$$' t#$m$, 'e :'"t" $,t"te$ (ompetete ,") ')p" (" "%t)$ o#" () "(t$*$t"te )#$,'$(t$o"(ompetet 7art. #?G alin. 8@9 C.+roc.civ.BB8.

- (")% 'e(%"#"#$$ e(ompetete$ 'o*e$%e "'m$$,t#"te : $,t"t" e(ompetet" #"m>(>,t$"te )'e("t$$ ,$ $,t"t" (ompetet" ) *" '$,p)e #e"(e#e" %o# 'e(>t pet#) mot$*e teme$$(7art. #" C.+roc.civ.8.

CAPITOLUL III. P5R$ILE 6I CEILAL$I PARTICIPAN$I

3.1. PRILE

3.1.1. Cine +oate (i +arte7 Condi'ii

O#$(e pe#,o"" ("#e are folosinta'#ept)#$%o# ($*$%e po"te ," $e p"#te : )'e("t" 77art. # ali8#9 C.+roc.civ.8. A,o($"t$$%e ,") ,o($et"t$%e ("#e ) ") pe#,o"%$t"te )#$'$(" pot ,t" : )'e("t" (p>#>te '"(" ") o#"e p#op#$$ 'e (o')(e#e 7art. # alin.8!9 C.+roc.civ.8.

Pe#,o"e%e ("#e nu au exercitiul '#ept)#$%o# %o# ) pot ,t" : )'e("t" 'e(>t '"(" ,)#ep#eet"te ",$,t"te o#$ ")to#$"te : (;$p)% "#"t"t : %e$%e ,") ,t"t)te%e ("#e #>')$e,( ("p"($t"te" ,"o#"$"#e" %o# 7art. !C.+roc.civ.8. L$p," ("p"($t"t$$ 'e e+e#($t$) " '#ept)#$%o# p#o(e')#"%e po"te $*o("t" : o#$(e ,t"#e " p#$($$$ 7art. @ alin.8#9 C.+roc.civ.8. A(te%e 'e p#o(e')#" :'ep%$$te 'e (("#e ) "#e e+e#($t$)% '#ept)#$%o# p#o(e')#"%e ,)t ")%"$%e. Rep#eet"t)% $("p"$%)%)$ ,") ()#"to#"(e,t)$" *" p)te" :," (o$#m" to"te ,") )m"$ o p"#te '$ "(e,te "(te 7 art. @ alin.8!9 C.+roc.civD"(" pe#,o"" $$(" %$p,$t" 'e ("p"($t"te" 'e e+e#($t$) " '#ept)#$%o# ($*$%e ) "#e #ep#eet"t %e"$,t"t" : (" 'e )#et" %" (e#e#e" p"#t$$ $te#e,"te *" p)te" )m$ ) ()#"to# ,pe($"% ("#e ," #ep#e$te p>" %" )m$#e" #ep#eet"t)%)$ %e"% pot#$*$t %e$$. De ",emee" $,t"t" *" p)te" )m) ()#"to# ,pe($"% : (" 'e (o%$(t 'e $te#e,e :t#e #ep#eet"t ,$ (e% #ep#eet"t ,") (>' o pe#,o")#$'$(" (;em"t" ," ,te" : )'e("t" ) "#e #ep#eet"t %e"% 7art. C.+roc.civ.8.

3.1.2. E3ce+'ia li+sei ca+acit,'ii de e3erci'iu

BBA9" ()m " o,t mo'$$("t p#$ p)(t)% 2K. '$ Lee" #. 2K2G2K1K.


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C>' $,t"t" (o,t"t" %$p," ("p"($t"t$$ 'e e+e#($t$) "% '#ept)#$%o# p#o(e')#"%e " p"#t$$ ,") (>#ep#eet"t)% p"#t$$ ) "(e 'o*"'" ("%$t"t$$ ,"%e ,e po"te '" ) te#me pet#) :mp%$$#e" "(e,to%$p,)#$ 7art. ## alin.8#9 C.+roc.civ.8. D"(" %$p,)#$%e ) ,e :mp%$e,( $,t"t" *" ")%" (e#e#e" 7ar## alin.8!9 C.+roc.civ.8.

3.1.3. Co+artici+area +rocesual, 8litisconsor'iile9

Pot#$*$t art. C.+roc.civ. m"$ m)%te pe#,o"e pot $ :mp#e)" #e(%"m"te ,") p>#>te '"obiectul pricinii este un drept sau o obli"atiune comuna o#$ '"(" drepturile sau obli"atiile lor aaceeasi cau#a.

A(te%e 'e p#o(e')#" "p"#"#$%e ,$ (o(%)$$%e ))$" '$t#e #e(%"m"t$ ,") p>#>t$ ) pot o%o,$ $p")$ (e%o#%"%t$ 7art. G alin.8#9 C.+roc.civ8. C) to"te "(e,te" '"(" p#$ "t)#" #"po#t)%)$ )#$'$( ,": teme$)% )e$ '$,po$t$$ " %e$$ ee(te%e ;ot"#>#$$ ,e :t$' ",)p#" t)t)#o# #e(%"m"t$%o# ,") p>#>t$%o"(te%e 'e p#o(e')#" :'ep%$$te )m"$ 'e )$$ '$ e$ ,") te#mee%e :()*$$t"te )m"$ )o#" '$ pet#) :'ep%$$#e" "(te%o# 'e p#o(e')#" o%o,e,( ,$ (e%o#%"%t$. C>' "(te%e 'e p#o(e')#" "%e )o#" ,)pot#$*$(e (e%o# "()te 'e (e$%"%t$ ,e *" t$e ,e"m" 'e "(te%e (e%e m"$ "*o#"$%e. Re(%"m"t$$ ,"p>#>t$$ ("#e ) ,") :"t$,"t ,") ) ") :'ep%$$t ) "(t 'e p#o(e')#" : te#me *o# (ot$)" tot),$ ," ($t"t$ 7art. G alin.8!9 C.+roc.civ8.

3.1.4.Dre+turile i /ndatoririle +rocesuale ale +,r'ilor. A*uul de dre+t +rocesual

Lee" p#o(e,)"%& "(o#'& o ,e#$e 'e '#ept)#$ 9$ $mp)e ")m$te :'"to#$#$ p!$%o# pet#)"#"t" e+e#($!$)% %$e# "% "(!$)$$ ($*$%e. A,te% p!$%e ,e )()#& 'e )#m&to"#e%e '#ept)#$ p#o(e,)"%eH

'#ept)% $e(e$ p!$ 'e " "'#e," (e#e#$ $,t"!e$ '#ept)% 'e " p"#t$($p" %" )'e("t" p#$($$$ 9$ 'e($ '#ept)% %" ($t"#e '#ept)% 'e "p"#e ("#e $mp%$(& '#ept)% 'e " #&,p)'e (e%e$%"%te p!$ '#ept)% 'e " "'m$$,t

p#oe '#ept)% 'e " ()o"9te p$e,e%e 'o,"#)%)$ '#ept)% 'e " $ ",$,t"t 'e "*o("t '#ept)% 'e " #e()#e $te#p#et et(.

'#ept)% 'e " p"#t$($p" pe#,o"% %" p#o(e, ,") p#$ m"'"t"# '#ept)% 'e " #e()" )'e(&to#)% p#o()#o#)% #e$e#)% m"$,t#"t)% ",$,tet 9$ e+pe#!$$ '#ept)% 'e " "t"(" ;ot>#e" 9$ :(;e$e#$%e $,t"!e$ '#ept)% 'e " p#et$'e #e,t$t)$#e" (;e%t)$e%$%o# 'e )'e("t& $ (")% (>9t$$$ p#o(e,)%)$ '#ept)% 'e " '$,p)e 'e ,o"#t" p#o(e,)%)$ p#$ #e)!"#e" %" )'e("t& ,") %" '#ept)% ,)$e(t$

p#$ #e()o"9te#e" p#ete!$$%o# #e(%"m"t)%)$ p#$ "(;$e,"#e" %" ;ot>#e" p#o)!"t& ,") p#:(;e$e#e" )e$ t#""(!$$.

De ",emee" p!$%o# %e #e*$ )#m&to"#e%e :'"to#$#$ p#$($p"%eH :'ep%$$#e" "(te%o# 'e p#o(e')#& : (o'$!$$%e o#'$e" 9$ te#mee%e p#e*&)te 'e %ee ,)

,"(!$)e" )%$t&!$$ pe#$m$$ 'e(&'e#$$ et(. e+e#($t"#e" '#ept)#$%o# p#o(e,)"%e () )&(#e'$!& 9$ pot#$*$t ,(op)%)$ : *e'e#e" ()$" "

o,t #e()o,()te 'e %ee1KK. A,te% pot#$*$t art. !@ alin.8#9 C.+roc.civ.'#ept)#$%e p#o(e')#"%e t#e)e+e#($t"te () )"(#e'$t" ,$ pot#$*$t ,(op)%)$ : *e'e#e" ("#)$" ") o,t #e()o,()te 'e %ee $"# pot#$*art. !@ alin.8#9 C.+roc.civ. p"#te" ("#e o%o,e,te "(e,te '#ept)#$ : (;$p ")$* #",p)'e pet#p")e%e p#$($)$te.

D$ (e%e 'e m"$ ,), #e)%t& (& "))% 'e '#ept p#o(e,)"% p#e,)p)e ) e%emet ,)$e(t(o,t>' : e+e#($t"#e" () #e"(#e'$!& " '#ept)%)$ p#o(e')#"% 9$ ) e%emet o$e(t$* (o,t>' :

1KKCe% (e 'et)#e"& '#ept)% p#o(e,)"% 'e %" ,(op)% pet#) ("#e " o,t #e()o,()t 9$ :% e+e#($t& () #e"(#e'$!& ,&*>#9e9te ") 'e '#ept p#o(e,)"%.


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'et)#"#e" '#ept)%)$ 'e %" ,(op)% ,o($"%e(oom$( pet#) ("#e " o,t #e()o,()t ,") () "%te ()*$te '%" $"%$t"te" ," %e"%&.

3.2. PARTICIPAREA MINISTERULUI PU6LIC -N CAU0ELE CIVILE

M$$,te#)% P)%$( poate porni actiunea civila o#$ 'e (>te o#$ e,te e(e,"# pet#) "p"#"#e

'#ept)#$%o# ,$ $te#e,e%o# %e$t$me ale minorilor ale persoanelor puse sub interdictie,$ ale disparutilop#e()m si n alte ca#uri expres preva#ute de le"e 7art. ? alin.8#9 C.+roc.civ.8. - (")% : ("p#o()#o#)% " po#$t "(t$)e" t$t)%"#)% '#ept)%)$ %" ("#e ,e #ee#" "(t$)e" *" $ $t#o'), : p#o(e,. E% *" p)te" o%o,$ 'e '$,po$t$$%e p#e*")te : "#t. 24? 24@ ,$ 2@12@3 $"# : (")% : ("#e p#o()#o#)% ,$#et#"e (e#e#e" *" p)te" (e#e (ot$)"#e" )'e("t$$ 7art. ? alin.8!9 C.+roc.civ.8.

P#o()#o#)% po"te p)e (o(%)$$ : o#$(e p#o(e, ($*$% : o#$("#e ""

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Curs Drept Procesual Civil (3)