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&
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17(John Amos Comenius, 1592-1670)
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(Dr. Berlo) SMCR
(Wilbur Schramm
(Dr. Dale)
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Dr. David K. Berlo
communication)
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SMCRSMCRSMCR
A Model of the Ingredients in Communication
Source
Message
Channel
Receiver
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Dr. David K. Dr. David K. BerloBerlo
?
?
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Dr. David K. Dr. David K. BerloBerlo Code
Content
Treatmentsourcecodecontent
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Dr. David K. Dr. David K. BerloBerlo ChannelChannel
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Dr. David K. Dr. David K. BerloBerlo
David K. Berlo, The Process of Communication, San Francisco: Rinehart Press, 1960., p.72
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Dr. David K. Dr. David K. BerloBerlo
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CommunicationCommunication
Feedback ()
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((Wilbur SchrammWilbur Schramm
Source
Encoder
Signal
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Channel
Decoder
Receiver
((Wilbur SchrammWilbur Schramm
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((Wilbur SchrammWilbur Schramm
Source Encoder Decoder ReceiverEncoder
Channel
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((Wilbur SchrammWilbur Schramm
Source Encoder Encoder Decoder Receiver
Channel
Feedback
10
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((Dr. Edgar DaleDr. Edgar Dale) )
10
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involve SYMBOLIZINGin order ofincreasing abstractness
involve DOINGin order ofdecreasing directness
involve OBSERVINGin order ofdecreasing directness
1. 2. 3.
4. ()5. 6. 7. 8.
9. 10.
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The cone of experience
VerbalSymbols
VisualSymbols
RadioRecordingsStill Pictures
Motion Pictures
Exhibits
Field Trips
Demonstrations
Dramatic Participation
Contrived Experiences
Direct, Purposeful Experiences
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VerbalSymbols
VisualSymbols
RadioRecordingsStill Pictures
Motion Pictures
Exhibits
Field Trips
Demonstrations
Dramatic Participation
Contrived Experiences
Direct, Purposeful Experiences
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40%
25%
70%
70%
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40%25% 70%
R. H. Wodsworth 70% 20%
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