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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Halaman
Gambar 2.1. : Dual Porosity pada Reservoir rekah Alami …………….........… 15
Gambar 2.2. : Diagram Percobaan Pengukuran Permeabilitas ……………...... 19
Gambar 2.3. : Kurva Permeabilitas Efektif Untuk Sistem Minyak dan Air ....... 21
Gambar 2.4. : Variasi Pc Terhadap Sw ................................................................ 22
Gambar 2.5. : Kesetimbangan Gaya-gaya pada Batas Air-Minyak-Padatan
.........................................................................................................
24
Gambar 2.6. : Distribusi Ideal Fasa Fluida “Wetting” dan “non Wetting”
Untuk Kontak Antar Butir-butir Batuan yang Bulat
.........................................................................................................
24
Gambar 2.7. : Kurva Tekanan Kapiler
.........................................................................................................
26Gambar 2.8. : Kompresibilitas Gas Alam Sebagai Fungsi dari Tekanan dan
Temperatur Reduced
.........................................................................................................
31
Gambar 2.9. : Tipe Plot Kompresibilitas Sebagai Fungsi Tekanan dan
Temperatur Konstan
.........................................................................................................
32
Gambar 2.10. : Sifat-sifat Pseudoritical Gas Alam Sebagai Fungsi Gravity Gas
.........................................................................................................
32
Gambar 2.11. : Viscositas Gas Alam pada 1 atm
.........................................................................................................
35
Gambar 2.12. : Kuva Hubungan µ Gas vs Gravity Gas
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.........................................................................................................
36
Gambar 2.13. : Pengaruh P dan T pada Viscositas Gas
.........................................................................................................
37
Gambar 2.14. : Kelarutan Gas dalam Air
.........................................................................................................
39
Gambar 2.15. : Kurva Kelaruan Gas Sebagai Fungsi Tekanan Reservoir
.........................................................................................................
41
Gambar 2.16. : Kelarutan Gas dalam Minyak dari Reservoir Minyak
.........................................................................................................
41
Gambar 2.17. : Tipe-tipe Fungsi Tekanan Terhadap FVF
.........................................................................................................
42
Gambar 2.18. : Diagram Fasa untuk Gas Basah.........................................................................................................
48
Gambar 2.19. : Diagram Fasa untuk Gas Kering
.........................................................................................................
49
Gambar 2.20. : Diagram Fasa untuk Gas Kondensat
.........................................................................................................
50
Gambar 2.21. : Depletion Drive Reservoir
.........................................................................................................
51
Gambar 2.22. : Mekanisme Pendorong Water Drive
.........................................................................................................
52
Gambar 3.1. : Aliran Radial Steady State
.........................................................................................................
62
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Gambar 3.2. : Koefisien Kecepatan Gas
.........................................................................................................
66
Gambar 3.3. : Aliran Radial Unsteady State dengan Tekanan Sumur Konstan
.........................................................................................................
71
DAFTAR GAMBAR
(Lanjutan)
Halaman
Gambar 3.4. : Variasi Harga Perkalian µz untuk Gas Nyata.........................................................................................................
76
Gambar 3.5. : Harga ∆PD pada Berbagai Kondisi Batas
.........................................................................................................
78
Gambar 4.1. : Grafik Deliverabilitas
.........................................................................................................
88Gambar 4.2. : Diagram Laju Produksi dan Tekanan dari Back Pressure
.........................................................................................................
90
Gambar 4.3. : Plot Test Konvensional untuk ∆P2 vs qsc
.........................................................................................................
91
Gambar 4.4. : Penentuan at, a dan b Berdasarkan Metoda Grafik
.........................................................................................................96
Gambar 4.5. : Penentuan at, dan b Berdasarkan Plot (∆P2 / qsc) v s qsc
.........................................................................................................
97
Gambar 4.6. : Plot Test Konvensional untuk (∆ψ - bqsc) vs qsc pada LIT
.........................................................................................................
99
Gambar 4.7. : Diagram Laju Produksi dan Tekanan dari Isochronal Test
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.........................................................................................................
100
Gambar 4.8. : Hubungan ∆P2 vs qsc
.........................................................................................................
102
Gambar 4.9. : Plot Tes Isochronal Untuk (∆ψ - bqsc) v s qsc pada LIT
.........................................................................................................
106
Gambar 4.10. : Diagram Tekanan dan Laju Produksi Selama Uji Modified
Isochronal.........................................................................................................
107
Gambar 4.11. : Plot Antara ∆P2 vs qsc pada Modified Isochronal
.........................................................................................................
108
Gambar 4.12. : Plot (∆P2 –bqsc2) v s qsc pada Uji Modified Isochronal
.........................................................................................................
112
Gambar 4.13. : Hubungan (∆ψ - bqsc) v s qsc pada Modified Isochronal
.........................................................................................................
113
Gambar 4.14. : Bentuk Grafik Laju Alir dan Tekanan Ideal pada Pressure Build-
Up
.........................................................................................................
118
Gambar 4.15. : Horner Plot untuk Reservoir Gas yang Infinte.........................................................................................................
119
Gambar 4.16. : Solusi Line Source dan Waktu Derivative
.........................................................................................................
121
Gambar 4.17. : Tipe Kurva Derivative untuk Penyelesaian Wellbore Storage
.........................................................................................................
123
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Gambar 4.18. : Plot Derivative
.........................................................................................................
125
Gambar 4.19. : Plot Derivative pada Aliran Radial Infinite Acting
.........................................................................................................
128
Gambar 4.20. : Plot Derivative pada Karakteristik Kerusakan sumur
.........................................................................................................
129
Gambar 4.21. : Plot Derivative pada Finite Conductivity Fracture
.........................................................................................................
130
Gambar 4.22. : Plot Derivative pada Infinite Conductivity Fracture
.........................................................................................................
131
Gambar 4.23. : Plot Derivative pada Sistem Dual Porositas
.........................................................................................................
132
DAFTAR GAMBAR
(Lanjutan)
Halaman
Gambar 4.24. : Plot Derivative pada Closed Outer Boundary (Pseudosteady
State)
.........................................................................................................
133
Gambar 4.25. : Plot Derivative pada Linear Impermeabel Boundary.........................................................................................................
134
Gambar 4.26. : Plot Derivative pada Constan Pressure Boundary
.........................................................................................................
135
Gambar 4.27. : Daerah Aliran Infinite Acting Reservoir Constant Pressure
Boundary
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.........................................................................................................
137
Gambar 4.28. : Aliran Radial pada Infinite Acting
.........................................................................................................
137
Gambar 4.29. : Reaksi Build-Up dan Drawdown pada Closed Reservoir
(Pseudosteady State)
.........................................................................................................
138
Gambar 4.30. : Reaksi Build-Up dan Drawdown pada Reservoir ConstantPressure Boundary
.........................................................................................................
138
Gambar 4.31. : Perbandingan Antara Persamaan (4-58) dan (4-60) untuk
Menetukan ω Secara Langsung
.........................................................................................................
139
Gambar 4.32. : Skema Hubungan Tekanan vs Waktu.........................................................................................................
141
Gambar 4.33. : Bentuk Grafik Laju Alir dan Tekanan Ideal pada Pressure
Drawdown
.........................................................................................................
143
