Tsongkhapa

Truyn Tha Nland NHM LAMRIM LOTSAWAS

I LUN V GIAI TRNH CA O GIC NG - 1

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Tsongkhapa

i Lun V Giai Trnh Ca o Gic Ng

Tp 1

(B- o Th i Lun Quyn Thng)

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Bn Quyn: Nhm Dch Thut Lamrim Lotsawas gi ton quyn xut bn dng in t cho bn dch ny. Chng ti cho php cc c s qung b Pht gio cng nh ngi tu hc hay tm hiu Pht gio c chuyn dng rng ri bn dch ny vi mc tiu em li li ch cho ngi tu hc, tm hiu v Pht gio cng nh l v mc ch em li li ch cho tt c chng sinh. Khng cho php s dng sch in t ny di cc hnh thc em li li nhun ti chnh ring t nh bun bn i chc cng nh khng c t chnh sa hay thay i ni dung hay trch dch bn dch in t ny vi mc tiu ra ngoi vic tu hc m khng c giy php chun thun ca nhm dch thut Lamrim Lotsawas. Mi lin h xin lin lc v ngi i din chu trch nhim pht hnh bn dch in t: V Quang Nhn Phone: 0011-1-832-368-4054 Email: Lang.dau@gmail.com

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Mc Lc

Li Ni u Ca Bn Dch Vit Ng 9 Knh L 21 Li Cm T 23 Li Ta T Ch Bin Ca Bn Dch Anh Ng 27 Li Ni u Cho Bn Dch Anh Ng 33 Lamrim Lotsawas 39 Bng Ch Vit Tt 41 Dn Tp I 43 Khai Lun 55 Chng 1: Atia 59 Chng 2: Gi Tr Cao Qu Ca Pht Php 81 Chng 3: Phng Cch Lng Nghe v L Gii v Gio Php ca c Pht 99 Chng 4: Nng Ta Vo Thy 119 Chng 5: Thi Thin 161 Chng 6: Bc B Quan Nim Sai Lm v Thin 191 Chng 7: Mt Kip Ngi An lc v Thun duyn 203 Chng 8: Ba Loi Ngi 225 Chng 9: Chnh Nim v Ci Cht 247 Chng 10: Qun Tng v Kip Sng Tng Lai ca Qu V 277 Chng 11: Quy Y Tam Bo 303 Chng 12: Gii Quy Y 327 Chng 13: Cc Tnh Cht Tng Qut ca Nghip 355 Chng 14: Cc Loi Nghip Khc Nhau 365

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Chng 15: Trau di Gii Hnh 415 Chng 16: Thi ca Ngi C t Kh Nng 437 Chng 17: Tm Loi Kh 441 Chng 18: Su Loi Kh 467 Chng 19: Thin Qun Thm v Kh 479 Chng 20: Ngun Gc ca S Kh 491 Chng 21: Mi Hai Yu T Duyn Khi 517 Chng 22: Thi ca Mt Ngi C Kh Nng Trung Bnh 533 Chng 23: Nm Chc Bn Cht ca Con ng Dn Ti Gii Thot 541 Chng 24: Tnh Cht ca Tam V Lu Hc 555

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Tsongkhapa Losangdrakpa (1357 - 1419)

nh ngun: Phuntsok Cho Ling Buddhist Center

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Li Ni u Ca Bn Dch Vit Ng Knh bch qu c gi, cc thin tri thc, v ch tn c, B sch Lamrim Chenmo (tib. ) hay i Lun V Giai Trnh Ca o Gic Ng (Tn Hn-Vit l B- o Th i Lun) c o s Tsongkhapa Losangdrakpa (tib. ) hon tt v pht hnh vo nm 1402 ti Ty Tng v c xem l b gio php liu ngha1. B sch ny sau tr thnh mt trong nhng gio php thc hnh ti quan trng ca dng truyn tha Gelug, vn l mt trong bn trng phi Pht gio ln nht ti Ty Tng ng thi cng l dng truyn tha m ng kim Thnh c Dalai Lama th 14 hin ng u. V ni dung v hnh thc ca b sch rt su sc, chi tit v thm diu nn chng ti ch xin c t li m t s lc. Ngi c ch c th nh gi c hay t mnh minh nh gi tr ca n qua cc nghin cu c th, chi tit v tht s vn dng cc ging dy trong sch. Mt cch ngn gn, v mt hnh thc th y l mt b gio php c ln trnh by chi tit v cc phng tin tu tp cng nh cc tri kin c bn t n gin d tu hc n phc tp vi diu cho hnh gi i tha mi mc cn c cng nh trnh by v ton b tin trnh tu tp t lc chun b cho n mc thin qun t mc tu gic thm cao nht ca hng B-tt. Trong b sch, c khi Ngi cp mt s chi tit lin quan n cc k nng tu tp Mt tng nhng tuyt i a s cc phng php v cc gio hun trnh by trong b sch u l tng quan, c th v hon ton kh thi cho tt 1The Great Lam Rim. Choden Rinpoche. Truy cp:07/01/2012. .

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c mi i tng no vi quyt tm tu tp cao, c th thuc vo trong truyn thng Pht gio bt k, khng bt buc l ngi ti gia hay xut gia, du rng, c nhiu chi tit ca b sch ny dng nh thch nghi v su sc hn cho cc Pht t xut gia. Song, nhn chung th khng c g tr ngi cho mt ngi ti gia tu tp cc phng tin c ging gii min l p dng ng theo cc bit hun ny. B sch c chia lm ba quyn Thng (tp 1), Trung (tp 2) v H (tp 3). V ni dung: Mt cch tng qut, song song vi mc thc hnh tin b, Ngi Tsongkhapa nng mc trit l v kin thc bin lun trnh by dn dn t s ng d hiu quyn thng cho n mc thm diu vi rt nhiu tranh bin trit l su sc v miu t cc trng thi thin nh v tu trong quyn h. Tht s s rt kh cho mt c gi nu cc kin gii v cng vi t v tnh Khng v mt s tri kin v thc ti ti hu (Chn ) li c trnh by ngay t nhng bc u hay din gii cho nhng ngi cha sc qun chiu chng. y r rng l dng c tnh s phm ca t Tsongkhapa. Trong quyn thng, ngoi chng u tin v tiu s ngi Atia th cn li bao gm cc ni dung hay khi nim rt c bn v m mt Pht t khi bt u tu hc cn bit bao gm cc chun b cho thy v tr, lun hi, duyn khi, T Diu v o php tu tp v vv... Quyn 2 tp trung vo cc ch tu tp cho ngi c cn c cao hn bao gm cc gio php tu tp v lng t bi, by php luyn tm, php hon chuyn ng-tha, pht tm B-, nhp mn vo su Ba-la-mt-a v gii thch chi tit v bn Ba-la-mt-a u. Quyn h c bit nhn mnh vo tu tp nh lc v tu gic tc l hai Ba-la-mt-a cui thng qua phng tin thin. Trong quyn h, ngi Tsongkhapa a ra nhiu l gii chi tit hay ng hn l cc bc b c th ca Trung Qun C Duyn (hay Trung Qun Quy Mu, skt. Prasagika) v lun im ca cc trng phi

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khc, qua cho thy cch thc m Trung Qun C Duyn ch ra tnh Khng hay v chn l ti hu. thy r hn v hon cnh lch s ca b lun cng nh hiu thm v tc gi chng ti xin trnh by s lc v tiu s i s Tsongkhapa. Tm lc tiu s Ngi Tsongkhapa: Ngi sinh nm 1357 ti Amdo ng bc Ty Tng. Cho n 7 tui th ngi sng vi i s Chje Dndrup Rinchen. Ngi tip th nhiu gio php v cc l ban truyn nng lc tu tp cng nh l cc tu tp thin khi cn rt nh. T nm 16 tui Ngi c tu hc vi hn 50 o s xut chng. T 1371 n 1376, Ngi tp trung tu hc v cc b kinh Bt-nh cng nh l 5 b Lun chnh ca ngi Di-lc. T Tsongkhapa c mt tu tp phong ph v tri kin rt uyn thm v c kinh in ln mt in cng nh l ngi tip tc nhn thm cc l ban truyn nng lc tu tp t rt nhiu o s thuc cc truyn tha khc nhau. Ngi mong mi pht trin c tri kin ng n v bn cht ca thc ti. Mi mt nm tip theo Ngi i du ha ti cc i hc Pht gio o su thm tri kin trit hc v ging dy. Vo tui 35, t Tsongkhapa gp g hc tr l ngi Umapa, ngi ny c c nng lc trc kin c cc th hin v thn tr hu {Php thn tr hu (tib. )} ca ngi Vn-th-s-li. Umapa tr thnh ngi gip Tsongkhapa trc tip lin lc vi c Vn-th-s-li. Sau cng chnh t Tsongkhapa cng t mnh trc kin c Ngi Vn-th. Trong 1392-1393, theo gio hun ca Vn-th, ngi t b cc hot ng cng cng v tp trung n c tu thin. 1394 Ngi chuyn n Wlka v c thm c trc kin ca gic th lin h n cc tu tp ca mnh. n 1395 Ngi tm ngng n c tham gia tu sa tn tng Pht Di-lc. Ba nm tip sau ngi tu tp Lodrak v vo nm 1397 ngi bt u ln n c cui ti Wlka. Trong nm 1398 Ngi c duyn trc kin t Pht H, trao

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truyn cho Ngi bn lun (Pht H Cn Bn Trung Qun Lun Thch). Ngi dch ra Tng ng bn Lun ny ca t Pht H. Qua , Ngi thu t c tr hu v bn cht ca thc ti tc l Ngi tm c li p cho iu m Ngi truy tm. V hnh trng, Ngi c 4 hot ng quan trng bao gm: (1) Trng tu tn tng Di-lc B-tt, (2) Hong ha su rng cho cc tng s trong nhiu thng ti t vin Namste Deng qua chn hng li truyn thng tu tp xut gia, (3) Xc lp i L Cu Nguyn ti Lhasa 1409, m u cho mt truyn thng vn c lu truyn n nay vo mi hai tun l u nm Ty Tng, (4) Xy dng t vin Ganden (H Lc T)1 Ngi vin tch nm 1419. S nghip ln nht m ngi li chnh l s ra i ca dng truyn tha Gelug cng nh l ng gp to tt vo vic lm sng li Pht gio Ty Tng. V h thng vit tt: to iu kin cho qu v khi c mt gio php kh cng phu ny c thun li hn, chng ti xin c vi nhn nh lc qua v cch trnh by ca bn dch Anh ng. Bn Anh ng c dch v trnh by theo phng cch truyn thng Ty Phng. Cc ch gii theo h thng nh dng tiu chun v h thng vit tt v tn ta cng nh mt s ch vit tt thng dng c s dng. V tn trng cch trnh by ny, bn dch Vit ng s gi hu nh nguyn vn cc ch thch . Do vy, bt buc ngi c phi t nhiu lm quen vi bng vit tt nm bt tn cc tc phm tham chiu. cho tin, bng cc ch vit tt ny c trnh by phn u ca mi quyn sch (thay v cui sch nh bn Anh ng dng). iu ny s tin li hn cho vic truy cu.

1Lama Tsongkhapa's Biography. Lama Yeshe Wisdom Archieve. Truy

cp: 07/01/2012. .

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Trong bng vit tt ny, cng c thm vo mt t ch vit tt m bn dch Vit ng c dng thm chng hn: skt. tc l Sanskrit hay Phn ng, chn. tc l Chinese hay Hoa ng, tib. tc l Tng ng, Tuy nhin, trong cc trng hp khng ghi r th chng ti mc nh cho skt. tc l Sanskrit. V h thng ch thch v cc gii thch ngn: Trong bn dch Vit ng s c thm mt s thut ng chuyn bit cn c gii thch r rng hn, rt tic l bn dch Anh ng v l do no trong ln xut bn u tin ny khng cp hay cp khng thng tin. khc phc vic ny, chng ti dng thm mt s dng ph ch lm r cc danh t Pht hc c dng. ng thi, cho tin trnh by theo cch thng dng ca cc sch Vit ng, cc ch thch t bn dch Anh ng thay v c t cui quyn sch s rt bt tin cho ngi c theo di (nht l khi sch ny s c thm nh dng ebook) nay s c chuyn thnh cc ghi ch cui mi trang. V nu ch thch l do bn dch Anh ng to ra th chng ti s nh s k hiu bt u bi BA, trong , BA hm ch thch ca bn Anh ng v l s th t ca ch thch ny t bn Anh ng. Qua ngi c c th truy cu cc tham chiu hay so snh li vi bn dch Anh ng c d dng. Trong vi trng hp c th, mt s ch thch v cc thut ng trong bn dch Anh li thiu thng tin, khng r rng hay ngay c c khi lc . Trong trng hp nh th chng ti mnh dn thay vo bng nhng ch thch tng i r rng hn v da vo cc ngun dn c thm quyn hay c uy tn. Ngoi ra, trong nhiu trng hp chng ti c ghi ch thm vo mch vn chnh mt s cm t, thut ng hay tn tng ng. cc cm t ghi thm ny hon ton c tch bit so vi mch vn chnh, th chng ti t chng trong cc u ngoc nhn: {nh dng ca cc cm t chn thm ca bn dch vit}. Ngc li, khi c, thnh thong qu v s thy c cc cm t trong ngoc vung;

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y l cc ghi ch thm ca bn dch Anh ng c sn: [nh dng ca cc cm t chn thm ca bn dch Anh ng]. C nhiu thut ng Pht hc, nht l trong tp mt, gip cc c gi tr cn t kinh nghim v t vng Pht gio d theo di, chng ti ch thm vo cng nh l lp li mt s ch thch v cc thut ng ny cho cc c gi c thun tin hn trong vic hiu v nm mch chnh vn. V cc thut ng Pht hc: Cc thut ng Pht hc tht ra c nhiu im phc tp. a s cc t dng trong kinh in trc y u mang nng nh hng ch Hn trong c nhiu thut ng rt kh hiu nu ngi c khng bit ch Hn hay khng bit cch tra cu. (Bn cnh kh khn ny l vic cng mt cch vit ch Hn-Vit th c th c n rt nhiu ch Hn ng m rt d gy hiu nhm nu dng s sut, khin ngi tu hc hu nh phi hc rnh ting Hoa trc khi c th c hiu cc thut ng Pht gio nh vy v y l iu m chng ti khng mong mun xy ra trong n ny). Mc tiu ca n khng phi l biu dng kin thc hay khoe khoan ch ngha m chnh l lm sao cho cng c nhiu ngi c hiu v ni dung trnh by cng r rng chnh xc cng tt. Do , s ty theo tnh hung hay ng cnh m chng ti s la chn cc cu ch thch nghi. Nguyn tc c bn chung la chn l cc thut ng no rt ph bin s c u tin dng li v nu n l loi thut ng mn t vn ch Hn hay t nc ngoi (ch Phn) th chng ti s c gng gii thch thm qua h thng ch thch nu cn. Ngoi ra, cho rng ri trong vic hnh vn cc t ng no m chng ti xem (nh danh) l tng ng th s c lu qua cch t thm cc ch thch ngn ng khung trong hai du ngoc nhn {} hay qua cc ghi ch. Cc thut ng Hn-Vit no tng i khng cn thng dng, nh quan im cp trn s c th c xem xt thay th bng cc thut ng r rng hn nu thy cn.

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Ring v cc ch phin m: Chng ti ht sc trnh n li dng ch phin m ca nhng ch vn phin m li t mt ngn ng trung gian (nh cc li phin m ca Hoa ng chng hn), tr trng hp ch phin m tht s quen thuc. Chng hn ch Ba-la-mt-a (skt. Pramit) c ngha l ti ho, ton ho hay ton thin s c dng li v n qu quen thuc trong khi tn Ba-tu-bn-u vn cng l mt li phin m li t ch Hn s khng c dng m thay vo l tn Th Thn c dch ngha trc tip (skt. Vasubandhu). Ngoi ra, mt s thut ng khi c phin m s c du gch ni cho thy cc thut ng c ngun gc a m tit nay c phin m li. Th d: Thch-ca Mu-ni, Mc-kin-lin, B-, B-tt, Ngoi ra, chng ti cng c gng theo mt quy cch t tn thng nht ring ngi c d theo di v tra cu thm v sau.

1. Tn kinh lun: Theo truyn thng chung, hu ht tn cc kinh hay lun u c dch ngha v dng t Hn-Vit nn bn dch ny s theo cng mt quy cch. Ngoi tr cc thut ng khng th dch v c qu nhiu ngha hay qu thng dng th s c dng theo li phin m. Th d Kinh Bt-nh Ba-la-mt-a. Ngoi ra, tn ta ca cc b kinh, cc lun, cc tc phm hay trc tc (tr cc tn ta vit tt ca bn Anh ng) s c xem l danh t ring v do s c vit hoa tt c cc ch trong tn (tng t nh cch vit tn ngi). Th d Diu Php Lin Hoa Kinh ch khng phi l Diu php Lin hoa kinh. Cc tn ny cng s c in nghing. V tn cc kinh lun, trng hp c c tn Phn nguyn gc, chng ti s u tin dch li chiu theo cc tn theo tn Phn ng ny c tham kho vi cc th mc kinh vn Hn tng thay v dng tn dch li t kho Hn tng, ngoi tr trng hp cc

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kinh lun c tn quen thuc. c bit, chng ti tham chiu nhiu thut ng t Kho D Liu S Th Mc Tam Tng ca S Nghin Cu Pht Hc Trung Hoa Hip hi Pht in in T () 2. Tn nhn vt : a) Nhn vt thuc cc truyn thng Pali: Hu ht cc tn ny c s dng rt nhiu trong cc kinh in v thng l cc tn phin m nn cc tn phin m ny s c dng li. Hoc nu khng th s dng li phin m La-tinh ha trc tip t ch Pali (hay ch Phn). Chng hn A-nan- hay nanda. b) Nhn Vt thuc cc truyn thng Sanskrit (Phn): dng li tn dch ngha nh: Long Th, Th Thn, Nguyt Xng, Php Xng, Lin Hoa Gii Trong trng hp tn dch ngha qu di th c th chng ti s dng li tn Phn La-tinh ha chng hn dng Atia thay v dng Nhin ng Ct Tng Tr (qu di) hay A--sa (phin m) c) Nhn Vt thuc truyn thng Ty Tng: tn ca cc nhn vt ny thng mang nhiu ngha v rt di, do chng ti s dng li phin m La-tinh ha. Chng hn nh Sopa Rinpoche, Dalai Lama. 3. Tn a danh: a) Cc a danh ni ting: dng li cc tn thng thy trong cc kinh lun. b) Tn cc a danh khng quen thuc: dng li phin m La-tinh ha theo li vit Anh ng. L do m trong kh nhiu trng hp nu trn chng ti u tin dng li ting Phn La-tinh ha (thay v ting phin m Hn-Vit) l v mun to iu kin cho cc hc gi mi v cc tu sinh thuc gii tr c c s thun li tra cu trc tip qua Internet (thay v phi tm cch truy ngc li dng vit t

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ch Hn v ri sau li cng phi tra cu tip cho ra ch Phn nguyn gc, i khi l mt qu trnh gai gc khng cn thit)

Ngoi ra, tng cng xin lu thm, trong vi trng hp c bit, mt s thut ng chuyn dng trong sch ny vn c gii thch v ghi r thng qua h thng ph ch, c th khng hon ton tng hp theo mt ngha thng dng hay khng hon ton ng theo cch gii thch hay cch hiu trong cc sch ca cc dch gi hay tc gi khc. Do , cc thut ng ch c th trong ni hm ca bn dch ny. Knh mong qu c gi lu trnh ng nhn v ngha. V ngun ti liu tham chiu chnh: Trong phn ny chng ti ch lit k vi ti liu tham chiu chnh. Cn chi tit ca rt nhiu ngun tham chiu khc c trnh by trc tip trong cc ghi ch qua ngi c c th truy tm li c nguyn bn. Tc phm Steps on the Path to Enlightenment (vol1, 2, and 3 Copyright 2008) l lun gii chi tit v b Lamrim Chenmo do ngi Geshe Lhundub Sopa son tho s c s dng nh l ti liu i chiu, tham kho v ph ch ti quan trng. C nhiu ch thch s c trch li t b lun ny cng nh cc chi tit kh hiu hay khng r rng ca bn dch Anh ng cng s c i chiu t cc gii thch trong tm ra ngha Vit ng sng t hn. Ngoi ra, tn mn trong cc ghi ch thm ca phn Vit ng cng c chn lc t cc ngun tng i tn nhim. Mt s ngun dn v cc thut ng Pht hc thng xuyn c ly t Rigpa Shedra (www.rigpawiki.org) v t cc tc phm Tng ng ng tin cy c dch ra Anh ng. Mt s danh t Pht hc quen thuc nhng chng vn c th c ch thch gii ngha v e rng cc c gi tr mun hc thm s gp nhiu kh khn trong vic hiu cc thut ng .

http://www.rigpawiki.org/

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V dn : Dn ca bn dch Vit ng hon ton theo st bn dch Anh ng. Tuy nhin, do dn ca nguyn bn tng i phc tp nn ngi c cn c vi ch . Trong ni dung trnh by s khng cha l cho cc tiu , phn mc, ngoi tr vic nh s th t v dng kiu ch t m. Vic hiu v bit cch dng dn s gip ngi c bit c v tr tng i ca chi tit trong bi so vi tng dn chung cng nh l tin ca php ging ti . Do vy, trong mi quyn trong b sch, dn y ca quyn sch s c nu li trong phn u sch. V y l b lun ln, rt kh trnh khi cc s xut, d rng nhm nhng ngi dch thut v hiu nh dng rt nhiu tm huyt v th gi trong nhiu nm v theo nhiu cng on x l khc nhau gim thiu ti a cc li lm. Chng ti xin hon ton nhn trch nhim v s v cng cm kch tt c nhng ngh, ph phn, khuyn co v cc chi tit d nh hay ln b lun c hon thin hn. Ngc li, v pha ngi c, thu hiu cc chi tit mu cht quan trng cng c cc i hi nh l trnh cn bn ti thiu v hiu bit Pht hc ph thng, bit t nhiu v kinh lun, c lng tr nhn khi c mt gio php ln v hng tht s mun trau di tu hc. Trong phn dn nhp ca bi ging nh v Tu v bn i Lun ny c Dalai Lama c dy: Do tht s quan trng trong vic p dng lp lun v o s Tsongkhapa ni: nu mt ai chp nhn cc li dy ca ta (bao gm c nhng gii thch v cc li dy liu ngha v din ngha ca c Pht) m thiu i vic t n cc lun chng v li khng nh chng nh l chn l th cc con khng nn xem k l ngi hc gi c thm quyn, c gi tr hay c uy tn.1 1Pht 40. Ngy ging th nht bui sng. The Great Treatise on the

Stages of the Path to Enlightenment. Ti: Chnh T vin Ty Tng,

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Theo nh ch trn, r rng i vi mt ngi tu hc nghim tc vi ch hng i tha th khng th no ch nhm mt c tng ri lm theo cc li ging d l ca Pht, ca bn s hay ca t m mt trong nhng thao tc cn bn cn c na chnh l vic rn luyn thi quen phn tch lun l cc li ging m mnh hc c trn ng tu dong rui. Cui cng, mc ch ca vic chuyn dch b i lun ny khng ngoi vic cung ng thm mt phng tin mnh, r v kh thi cho cc o hu v cc tng sinh vn mong mi tham kho thm cc bit hun nhng li khng kh nng theo di cc ging lun bng ting nc ngoi cng nh l ng gp thm cho phn ging lun v Kim Cng tha vn cn nhiu mi m cho cc bc thin tri thc c dp xem qua, so snh v tm hiu su hn v cc phng tin tu tp Pht gio. Mong rng cng trnh ny s l mt ti liu tht hu dng cho cc hnh gi, cc thin tri thc n lc tu tp tinh tn t hnh phc ti hu. Mi cng c xin hi hng cho s gii thot tt c chng sinh hu tnh1. Lin lc: Xin vui lng dng in th lin lc vi ngi i din ca nhm dch thut Lamrim Lotsawas qua a ch lang.dau@gmail.com v cc vn lin quan n n ny.

Dharamsala, n- Ngy: 23-25 thng 10 2011. Truy cp: 04/02/2012.

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1 Thut ng chng sinh hu tnh dng ch cc sinh vt c kh nng cm xc tc l bit au kh. Trong khun kh b sch, chng ti vit gn thut ng ny thnh chng sinh l dng ch chng sinh hu tnh.

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Knh chc tt c thn tm hng tnh thc v an lc Ma Xun 2012. Nhm Lamrim Lotsawas

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Trc tin v trn ht chng con xin dng li tn thn ch Pht, ch B-tt, ch thin H php, ch Thy, ch T, v ch Tng thuc cc dng truyn tha Pht gio, c bit l cc s ph ca dng truyn tha Nland h tr chnh Php dn dt chng t tip tc bo tn cc phng tin tu tp v hng dn chng con rn luyn tinh tn, nng ta ni Tam Bo.

Chng con xin dng ln Thnh c Dalai Lama bn dch Lamrim Chenmo vi c ngng cm t lng t bi v lng ca Ngi khng mt mi hong ha chnh Php v h tr chng sinh v phn bit trn con ng tu tp bt bo ng.

Nguyn hi hng tt c cng c v cc h qu tt p ca cng trnh ny v cho s gic ng ca ton th chng sinh

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Li Cm T

Xin chn thnh cm t B Vn Ha v Tn Gio Ty Tng, c bit l ngi b trng Tn c Tsering Phuntsok Rinpoche hoan h h tr cho n ny vi mong mi em li li ch ln lao cho cc Pht t Vit Nam mun tm n an lc trong th gii hn n ny1. Xin thnh knh tri n ngi Lama Zopa Rinpoche sng lp vin cng nh ni s Tn c Holly Ansett Tng th k ca t chc FPMT (Sng Hi Bo Tn Truyn Thng i Tha) ng h v to duyn cho chng ti c d dng lin lc v k kt cc giy php thun li cho vic chuyn dch b i lun. V cng cm thn h tr ca ngi o s hc gi Geshe Lhundub Sopa, qua in m vui lng cho php chng ti c s dng bn lun gii Steps on the Path to Enlightenment (Cc Bc Trn L Trnh n Gic Ng) nh l ti liu tham chiu v ch gii

1Theo ni dung th gi ca B Trng Vn Ha Tn Gio Ty Tng cho

o hu L Xun Dng, i din nhm dch lamrim lotsawas vo ngy 12 thng 01 nm 2009.

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chnh cho n ny. Khng c s h tr tinh thn v c th ca ngi, bn dch s kh lng c c hnh thnh nh hin ti. Xin chn thnh cm t Geshe Passang Gelek, Geshe Ngawang Thogmey, i c Thch Php Chnh, i c Thch Php Quang tn tnh hi han, gip cng nh ch ng tr li cc cu hi lin quan n n. Xin cm t Nh in Hng Trang v nh xut bn Snow Lion khi lp hp ng tng nhng cho chng ti thm quyn ph bin bn dch Vit trn phng tin in t. Xin cm t cc o hu TS. Nguyn L Thy Anh, c s Nguyn Minh Tin, c s T Tm, v c s Ng Don hoan h gip cho n. Cng xin trn trng ghi n tt c thn quyn gia nh ca cc thnh vin trong nhm dch thut lamrim lotsawas tn ng, h tr v ng vin cc o hu ny c c duyn v th gi qu bu tham gia n ny trong thi gian lu di.

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Ngoi ra, mi n lc u s v ch nu khng c s gp sc c gng ca tt c cc o hu khp ni h tr qua cc hnh thc khc nhau gip lun chuyn, gi gn v pht hnh cc gio php ca c t ph Thch-ca Mu-ni. Xin chn thnh cm t tt c cc n lc m thm hong ha chnh Php ca tng Pht t.

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Li Ta T Ch Bin Ca Bn Dch Anh Ng Cun sch ny l tp u tin ca b sch gm ba tp trnh by ton b bn dch i Lun v Giai Trnh Ca o Gic Ng (Byang chub lam rim che ba). Tp u tin trnh by tt c nhng thc hnh s khi pht trin tm B- (bodhichitta, byang chub kyi sems). Nhng tp k tip tp trung vo ng lc v s thc hnh ca B-tt, v tp cui cng l mt trnh by chi tit v nh (amatha, zhignas) v tu (Vipassan, lhag mthong). Cng vic dch thut ny c thc hin vi s bo tr ca Trung Tm Hc Tp Pht Gio Ty Tng (TTHTPGTT). Trung tm ny c Geshe Ngawang Wangyal1 qu c thnh lp nm 1958 ti Washington, New Jersey. Geshela l ngi i tin phong trong vic ging dy Pht gio Ty Tng ti x s ny v dy rng ri cc gio php ca mi truyn thng Ty Tng, k c nhiu trnh by ngn v Giai Trnh Ca o Php (lam rim) do Tsongkhapa vit. Mt s nhng trnh by ny c xut bn trc khi Geshela vin tch vo nm 1983. Trnh by gio php lam rim nh l con ng c trnh t dn ti gic ng cng tr thnh mt trong nhng ti hc tp ct li ti TTHTPGTT cng nh ti 1Geshe tng ng vi thut ng kalyamitra, theo ngha en l "tn

c hu" (bn tn c). Trong li s dng thng thng, y l hc v ch dnh cho cc hc gi tu s trong trng phi Gelugpa hay trong Sakya Ty Tng khi h tt nghip. Trong Gelugpa, geshe c chia thnh nhiu ng cp trong cao nht l Lharampa. Mt s cho rng geshe l hc v tng ng vi hc v tin s. Trong thc t, thi gian hon tt hc v ny l t 12-20 nm tp trung vo vic hiu nh kinh lun v tranh lun. Chng trnh hc xoy quanh 5 ch chnh gm: (1) Vi Diu Php, (2) Tr hu Bt-nh Ba-la-mt-a, (3) Trung o, (4) Nhn Minh Lun (hay Lun l hc Pht gio) v (5) Gii Lut. t s tn knh v thn mt i vi cc geshe, ngi Tng thng gi cc ngi l geshela.

Geshe. Wikipedia. Truy Cp 20/02/2012.

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nhiu trung tm Pht gio Ty Tng khc trn khp th gii. i vi nhng ngi bn rn trong x hi ngy nay nh qu v, ti liu v Giai Trnh Ca o Php trnh by mt hnh nh ngn gn, d nm bt v con ng Pht hc. Tt c mi sch ni v giai trnh o php theo truyn thng Gelug1 c xut bn t trc ti nay u c rt ra t i Lun V Giai Trnh Ca o Gic Ng, v t n mang mt gi nh rng ngi c c th tham kho ngun chnh vn. Tuy nhin, cho ti nay cha c mt bn dch ting Anh y ca bn vn ny. Vo nm 1991 Loling Geshe Yeshe Tapkay v Donald Lopez, khi l thnh ging s ti TTHTPGTT , ngh TTHTPGTT t chc mt nhm dch gi hon tt vic phin dch b i Lun. Ti nhit tnh n nhn kin ny. L t ca Geshe Wangyal ti lun lun mun m nhn vic phin dch mt tc phm ln ca ngi Tsongkhapa, bi v lng tn knh ca thy i vi ngi khin ti rt cm kch. Mt ln thy ni vi ti rng thy c bit quan tm ti cc trc tc ca ngi Tsongkhapa bi v ngi c c Vn-th-s-li xut hin dy ring. iu ny li cng gy thm n tng cho ti khi ti c cun Giai Trnh o Nhanh Chng (Lam rim myur lam) ca Losang Yeshe ghi rng c Vn-th-s-li mun bo m rng ngi Tsongkhapa vit i Lun vi im c bit l ha nhp ba loi ngi (skyes bu gsum) ngi c kh nng nh, trung bnh, hoc ln vi ba kha cnh nn tng ca o php (lam gyu gtso bo mam gsum) quyt tm mun gii thot 1Gelugpa, ngha en l hin nhn. y l trng phi Pht gio ln

nht Ty Tng, do ngi Tsongkhapa sng lp vo th k 14. Gii lut v hc tp uyn bc c nhn mnh trc khi bc vo tu tp thin nh. ng u dng Gelugpa l cc c Dalai Lama lin tc ti sinh m nhn trch v ny; vo nm 1642 c Dalai Lama i th V tr thnh lnh t tn gio v th tc ca Ty Tng v t n nay Ty Tng vn gi tp tc ny. Gelugpa. Wikipedia. Truy cp 20/01/2012.

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(nges byung), tm B- (byang chup kyi sem) v chnh kin (yang dag pai lta ba). Hn na, v TTHTPGTT c nhiu dch gi c trnh , k hoch ny xem nh c th thc hin c. Bn vn c chia ra cho mi bn dch gi v nh th Ban Phin Dch Lamrim Chenmo ra i. Vo ma h nm 1992 mt s phin hp c t chc ti TTHTPGTT i n s ng v mt danh sch thut ng chuyn mn. Khi xem nhng phn dn nhp sau y, c gi s thy rng t c s ng v cc t chuyn mn bn thn n l mt vic lm v i. d dng cho ngi c, cc dch gi sp xp Tp 1 thnh hai mi bn chng phng theo phc tho Tng ng. Ton b phc tho ca phn u bn vn ny c a thm vo ph lc cui tp sch {y l phn dn c u bn dch Vit}. Cc dch gi lm cng vic dch thut vi hng nhm ti ngi c thng thng. Do , mc d Tsongkhapa hu nh lun lun dng ch vit tt khi trch dn, y chng ti a ra ch tng cn bng ting Anh ca tn y hn ca bn vn. ln trch dn u tin mt vn bn, chng ti s cung cp tn y trong ngn ng gc. Tn y ca vn bn nh trong Tam Tng Kinh in Tng Ng, n bn Bc Kinh do D.T. Suzuki hiu nh (1955-1961) s c ghi li trong ch thch ln trch dn u tin ca mi tc phm. Trong trng hp Tsongkhapa khng a ra tn ca tc gi khi trch dn, tn tc gi nh c xc nh bi cc nh c thm quyn t trc ti nay ca Ty Tng, ngay c khi cc hc gi hin i khng xc nh tc gi hoc xc nh mt tc gi khc c ghi thm vo bn dch. Dch gi s cho bit trch dn nm u nh trong bn Suzuki hiu nh khi no c th c cung cp ngun tham kho cho nhng hc gi mun theo ui mt nghin cu chi tit hn v bn Tng ng. Nhng thng tin thm v th mc tc gi lin quan n nhng vn bn ny c trong phn tham chiu. Cc dch gi khng c nh a ra mt th mc t m chi tit m ch cung cp cc thng tin v nhng n bn trong ngn ng gc v

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nhng bn dch m ni chung h dng. c gi mun c nhng thng tin chi tit v cc bn dch v cc tc phm khc vit bng ting Anh c th tham kho Pfandt (1983), de Jong (1987), Nakamura (1889) v Hirakawa (1990). Cc dch gi dng mt hnh thc xp x tng ng v phin m ca ting Anh vit tn nhng tc gi Ty Tng, dng phi, v ni chn ca x s ny. Cch vit ch Ty Tng chnh xc theo li Wylie (1959) c trong ngoc khi xut hin ln u tin. Cc dch gi cng a thm vo cui sch mt bng ngn gm cc thut ng ting Ty Tng. Cc thnh vin ca Ban Phin Dch Lamrim chenmo lm cng vic dch thut trong tp ny gm c Elizabeth S. Napper, Joshua W. C. Cutler, John Newman, Joe B. Wilson, v Karen Lang. Cc dch gi dng n bn c xut bn bi Nh Xut Bn Nhn Dn Tso Ngn (Thanh Hi -) nm 1985 da vo bn in khc g Ja-kyung (Bya khyung). S trang ting Ty Tng ca n bn ny c a vo trong khp bn dch, vit trong ngoc v in ch m tin vic tham kho. Cc dch gi dng n bn Ganden Bar Nying tham kho bi v bn ny c coi l b khc g xa nht ca bn vn. Vn bn khng ghi chnh xc ngy nhng bn g ny c khc, nhng mt vn bn quan trng khc trong cng b khc g ny, i Lun v Giai Trnh ca o Chn Ngn Tha (sNgags rim chen mo), c khc vo nm 1462. c Dalai Lama n cn trao cho Elizabeth Napper mn tp bn tho Gaden Bar Nying t th vin ring ca ngi. Vi s bo tr ca Th Vin Tc Phm v Vn Kh Ty Tng, b chp nh vi phim ti liu ny. Cc dch gi so snh cc n bn Tso Ngn v Ganden v khng thy nhng sai bit quan trng. Cc dch gi cng tham kho Bn Ch Thch an Kt (Lam rim mchan bzhi sbrags ma) v nht qun s dng n din gii cc trch dn. Cc ngi hiu nh c ton b vn bn v tho lun vic din gii cc on vn kh vi cc hc gi Pht gio Ty Tng li lc ng thi Denma Locho Rinbochay v Loling Geshe Yeshe Tapkay.

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Cng nh bt c k hoch no kch thc ny, c rt nhiu ngi gip v ym tr chng ti. u tin v trc ht, ti mun by t lng tri n v tn knh ti ngi khin cho k hoch ny thnh hnh, bc cha gi v i ca Pht gio Ty Tng ti t nc ny, c Geshe Ngawang Wangyal, ngi gip ti nhn cuc i qua con mt ca c Pht. K n, ti rt cm t cc dch gi v cc hc gi Ty Tng c cp trn v nhng ng gp to ln ca h cho k hoch ny. Ti c bit tri n ngi cng tc hiu nh ca ti l Guy Newland v nhng ng gp thit yu m ng nng n thc hin. Ti cng cm n Don Lopez v nhng gi hiu nh v nhng li khuyn hu ch, cng nh Brady Whitton, Carl Yamamoto, v Paul Coleman v cng vic hiu nh ca h. Ti cng rt bit n ngi ch bin ca Snow Lion l Susan Keyser v nhng n lc bn b trau chut cho tc phm ny. Ti cm kch su xa v vn n lc ca cc geshe thuc TTHTPGTT, Thupten Gyatso, Ngawang Lundhup, Lozang Jamspal, v Lobzang Tsetan gip trong vic truy nguyn nhng tham kho v cc trch dn v lm sng t vn bn. Ti cng cm n David Ruegg v Robert Thurman v nhng ng gp thch ng cho phn t liu gii thiu. Trong s cc dch gi ti c bit cm t Elizabeth Napper v nhng n lc hn thng l v v vic sn lng cung cp cho n tt c nhng cng trnh lin quan n vn bn m b thc hin c trc y. Ti cng tri n Natalie Hauptman v Gareth Sparham v nhng n lc tt bng ca h v ch thch v th mc. K hoch ny khng th no tin trin c nu khng c s ym tr ti chnh rng lng ca Buff v Johnnie Chace v Joel McCleary, nhng ngi m tnh bn ca h ti cng khng km phn cm kch. Ti tri n su xa song thn ti, Eric v Nancy Cutler, v tm lng nhn t khng th o lng c ca cc ngi dnh cho ti v TTHTPGTT. Cui cng, ti xin cm n v ti l Diana v s ng h khng ngi v s tr gip khng lay chuyn hon thnh n ny.

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Joshua W. C. Cutler Trung Tm Hc Tp Pht Gio Ty Tng Washington, New Jersey

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Li Ni u Cho Bn Dch Anh Ng i Lun V Giai Trnh Ca o Gic Ng ca Jey Tsongkhapa l mt trong nhng tc phm v i nht v tn gio hoc th tc trong th vin di sn nhn loi. i lun ny trnh by mt tm nhn lm qu v sng s v ngun gc v thy v chung v nhng chuyn ha v cng tn ca mi dng sng; vic xc nh gi tr chu bu v s hin thn lm c nhn con ngi mt thi im mang tnh quyt nh ca cuc tin ha cho ring mnh. i lun trnh by khi th ny trong mt cung cch khin lay chuyn c cho c nhn ngi c h t mt thay i m hnh c bn trong tm nhn v cuc i ca h: t mt tc nhn ring t, t k trung tm, ch-hng-vo-cuc-i-ny, phn u vi nhng dng nc l v nhng tr ngi quanh mnh, nng lng tm mt cht an ton v hnh phc trc khi hy vng tm c mt s xa sch bnh yn trong ci cht; tr thnh mt chng sinh thc tnh huy hong bay vt ra khi mt kinh nghim v tn ca qu kh trong mt chuyn bay tin ha k diu ti mt vn mnh p khng th tng tng c ca tr tu, t i, v phc lc Pht qu, hoc n thun l s vinh quang tin ha ti thng m bt k chng sinh hu thc no cng c th t c. D nhin tm nhn ny khng khi nguyn ni i Lun. chnh l tm nhn c c Pht Thch-ca v cc t gic ng ca ngi xut, trong tt c cc nn vn minh Chu trong gn sut hai thin nin k, qua mt s lng kinh vn bao la vi rt nhiu nhnh trong nhiu ngn ng. Tm nhn ny khi th con ngi v chnh h nh l tham d vin trong qu trnh tin ha huy hong v y ngha ny. i Lun thu nhm li nhng u mi v cu chuyn, hnh nh, v gio php t s kinh vn sng ngi ny v an dt chng thnh mt dng thc c ng, mt tm vi phong ph, ton din v a nng n ni n c th c thit k thnh y phc hu dng, m miu v c kh nng thch nghi cho bt k ngi no mun mc

34

n. i khi ngi ta ni rng Jey Tsongkhapa tip nhn Gio Php ca c Pht vo thi im m Gio Php ti lc b phai m ri vo qun lng v khng cn c s dng v do chng sinh khp ni ci c v tranh ginh nhau v nhng nghi thc v c tnh lin h ti gic ng Ngi khin n thm thu nhng chn l tinh ty, v em li sc sng mi cho vic hnh tr ca h mt cch mnh lit n ni nhng ging dy ny s mang li sinh lc cho hng triu ngi c u c ci m trong sut nm trm nm k tip. Mt khi cc c gi t n s dch chuyn c hng v nhn thc c tit l mt cch h thng trong tc phm nh mt i tu khc, i Lun a ra cho h nhng phng php thc tin r rt v chi tit thc hin tm nhn ca h trong nhng hnh tr chuyn ha cn thit gip h bay ln. Nhng hnh tr c kho lo sp xp nh thc con ngi trn tc b m nh vi s thnh cng trong i ny v a c ba loi ngi tm o t giai on tin ha ny qua giai on tin ha khc. Cc giai on ny khi t vic nng ta vo bc thin tri thc, qua nhng ch s gii phng tm thc trong s t b th tc siu tuyt s qu bu ca thn ngi c t do v c hi, s k cn ca ci cht, l nhn qu tin ha, v s c mt khp ni ca au kh trong kip sng khng gic ng; ti nhng ch m rng tm lng lng bi, lng t, v tinh thn gic ng v tha nhn; v cui cng ti nhng iu phc tp su xa v dt khot c tnh gii phng ca tr tu siu vit v tnh v ng v ch v khch quan. Ngi hc hi v ngi hnh tr c th dng i dng li nhng ch v nhng phng tin ny, thu hiu mi ngy mt su hn vo trong tm, v cuc i ca h s t t nhng chc chn tr nn tt p hn. iu thit yu qu v cn nh l i Lun khng phi l mt tc phm theo ch thuyt tim tin, khng n thun l mt tp hp nhng thc hnh s khi nhm chun b ngi c cho gio php mt truyn cao hn ang ch i v nm bn kia gio php ca l trnh. ng ra y l hin gio gio php cng khai v

35

con ng ca gio php ny c chnh tc gi nhc n nh l con ng chia s chung (thun mong), con ng c dng chung ca c hin v Mt gio. N l gio php y nht, cao nht, l tinh ty c ng ca ton th con ng Pht hc rt ra t bin c bao la ca kinh vn nh Pht, c ng bng cch hp nht vi cc nghi qu ca Mt gio siu ng trong tng bc mt trn con ng ny. Th d, giai on khi u, vic nng ta vo ngi thy dy o, qu tht l giai on c s trong mi ging dy Pht gio. Nhng i Lun khng dy iu ny bng phng php s khi. Php qun tng cnh gii quy y, thin cung cha cc o S v tt c ch Pht, B Tt, ch thn, ch thin, v ch t hnh nh ny c rt ra t cc phng php Mt gio su kn nht v sn sng mi ngi t do s dng mt cch hu ch khng sai st m vn khng khin ngi thc hnh cha c lm l khai tm Mt gio vng vo nhng nguy him ca vic thc hnh Mt gio chnh quy. Cch thc nhng iu siu vit c ging dy, cch thc lng bi mn v tm B- c ging dy, v ngay c cch thc tr tu c ging dy nh l s bt kh phn khng th lay chuyn ca tnh Khng v tnh tng i tt c nhng iu ny khin cho qu v c th tip cn c vi sc mnh ca Mt gio trong mt cung cch rng ri, chuyn ha, nng ng, nhng an ton, v thun duyn; c l qu v c th ni, mt cch khng tht bi na. y l s thin ti ca i Lun. Mt s ngi thc hnh khi h tri qua s thay i tm nhn t tnh trng t k trung tm ca th gii ny ti tnh trng rng m tin ha v tha tm mc v tr, h b chong ngp n ni h cm thy mt s cn thit mnh lit thanh tnh thn mnh bng hng trm ngn ln l ly, nhng chuyn hnh hng, nhng thc hnh kh hnh, v nhng nghi thc phc tp, thanh tnh khu bng cch tr tng hng triu chn ngn, v thanh tnh bng hng trm ngn ln nhng nghi thc to mi dy ni kt qua vic phng th o

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s1. y l nhng thc hnh nhp mn mnh lit. Chnh Jey Tsongkhapa, sau khi su xa nghin cu tt c cc phin bn trc v giai trnh ca o php t mi truyn thng, thc hnh 3,500,000 h bi, cng dng 10,000,000 maala2, tr tng v s chn ngn thanh tnh Kim-Cng Tt-a3, thc hnh v s cc nghi thc ni kt o s, v hnh tr mi bn thc hnh khc na. V cui cng i s t c mc ch ca mnh. Khi , i s vit i Lun gip ngi khc thuc mi hng loi t c mc ch ca h, bng bt c con ng no h cn phi i, bng cch thc tt nht c th c cho h, v lun lun vi s hu hiu ti u ca vic c th iu chnh hon ho vo tnh trng tin ha c th ca h. Trong nhng th k tip theo , rt nhiu

1Trong Mt tng c nhiu hnh thc l nghi v thc hnh ni kt hnh

gi vi o s. Trong c cc phng tin thin hnh dung ha v o s nh l mt v Pht hay mt gic th v mt mc cao c cc php qun tng hp nht hnh gi vi o s trong dng bn tn. Php tu quan trng c bit l Guru Yoga.

2Cn c dch l n-trng hay mn--la theo ngha en l trung tm hay mt hnh khp kn, thng c miu t nh mt vng trn quay quanh mt trung tm. mc thp nht, maala c th c hiu nh l chng ta, cc hnh gi, v hin tng gii bao quanh ta. Thut ng maala cng c m t nh mt cu trc tch hp c thnh lp quanh mt nguyn l hp nht trung tm. Mandala. Rigpa shedra. Truy cp: 18/02/2012.

< http://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Mandala>. 3Kim Cng Tt-a: c dch t ch Phn Vajrasattva l v Pht ti

cao trong tt c cc dng Pht v maala. Mt li nguyn ca Kim Cng Tt-a Pht l: trong tng lai khi ti t Pht qu ton ho, xin cho nhng ai phm ti ng nghch, hay bt k ai lm h hi gii nguyn samaya c thanh tnh hon ton tt c cc hnh vi v h hi tai ch ca h ch bi nghe tn ca ti, ngh v ti hay tng c bch m ch, thn ch oai nghim nht trong cc chn ngn. Cho n khi ti cha hon thnh th ti vn li m khng gic ng. Vajrasattva. Rigpa Shedra. Truy cp: 20/2/2012.

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ngi t c tm nhn mi ny, ton th vn ha Ty Tng hon tt s chuyn ha tr thnh mt c xe hng v gic ng cho ton th dn chng ca x s ny, v ci khng kh c o lan ra khi cao nguyn Hy-m-lp-sn ti cc vng tho nguyn ca Ni . Trong sut gn 600 nm k t khi i Lun c trc tc, nhng ngi c li lc vn ch yu l ngi Ty Tng v Mng C v con s ny vn ln ti nhiu triu ngi. Trong th k ny c nhng bn dch th sang Nga vn v Hoa vn nhng c hai bn dch ny vn cha c truyn b trong cc nn vn ha . Trong nhng thp nin gn y, mt s phn v tc phm ny v cc ch gii c dch sang ting Anh. Nh th y qu l mt s kin lch s khi cc t ca c i s Geshe Wangyal thnh lp mt nhm hc gi phin dch kit tc ny sang Anh ng. H gp chung n lc, phn tch cc vn bn vi tnh nghim tc v tri thc, tm ti trong tm mnh vi lng chn thnh su xa, th nghim mong tm ra nhng thut ng hay nht, v cho ra i thnh qu lao ng thng yu ny. Qu v phi hy vng rng li tin on v s hu dng nm trm nm ca gio php i Lun l li tin on qu d dt, v rng phin bn ting Anh mi ny s ko di nhng li ch ca n cho nhiu th h sp ti, dn ti vic phin dch thm sang nhiu ngn ng khc. Tht l nim vinh d v hn hoan cho ti, trong li ni u ny, c li chc mng cc dch gi v by t lng hoan h trong s thnh tu ca h, mt sn phm pht sinh t nhng n lc ca chnh h n tr tm lng i t ca v thin tri thc chn chnh ca qu v, v kalyamitra ca qu v, o s thing ling Geshe Wangyal, ngi n vng t hoang d v man r m h ny ca qu v, ni b m bi cc th h i xm chim v bt n l, bi s hung bo tip din c bn ngoi th gii ln bn trong tm hn, v ngi mang n cho qu v ngn n khng lu m ca Con ng Gic Ng, sng ng trong ngi nh nim hy vng

38

vui ti, nh lng t can m, nh tr tu sc bn, nh nim quan tm tuyt i thc tin v kin nh nh cng thch, v nh l mt quyt tm k diu bao gm tt c v vn cn sng mi. Xin cm n Geshela bt kh phn vi Jey Rimpochey!1 Cm n cc dch gi hon thnh tc phm ny! V cho mng mi ngi v mi ngi n vi i Lun! Robert A. F. Thurman Ch tch, Tibet House Gio s Jey Tsongkhapa v Cc Nghin cu Pht hc n-Tng i hc Columbia

1Rimpochey, cng c vit l Rinpoche ngha l "tn gi". y l mt

danh hiu cao qu dnh cho cc v lama (o s) ca truyn thng Pht gio Ty Tng. Rinpoche. Rigpa Shedra. Truy cp: 20/2/2012.

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Lamrim Lotsawas

Danh Sch Ban Dch Thut v Hiu nh Bn Dch Vit Ng Quyn 1

Dch Thut

Mai Tuyt nh Nguyn Th Trc Mai

V Quang Nhn Trn Cng Vit

Hiu nh v Bin Tp

Mai Tuyt nh L Xun Dng V Quang Nhn

Nguyn Th Trc Mai Nguyn Phng

L Lam Sn

Trch Nhim Tng Qut

V Quang Nhn

40

41

Bng Ch Vit Tt A-kya A-kya-yongs-'dzin, Lam rim brda bkroi AA Abhisamaylakra-nma-prajpramitopadea-

stra-krik AK Abhidharma-koa-krik AKbh Abhidharma-koa-bhya AS Abhidharma-samuccaya Bhk Yog-cary-bhmau-bodhisattva-bhmi BCA Bodhisattva-caryvatra Bk1 1st Bhvana-krama Bk2 2nd Bhvana-krama Bk3 3rd Bhvana-krama Bplita buddhaplita-mlamadhyamaka-vtti Chn. Chinese C Catu-ataka-stra-krik-nma Ct Catu-ataka-stra-krik-nma-k D sDe dge Cc bn dch kinh v lun Tng ng Great Treatise 1 Cutler et al. 2000 Great Treatise 2 Cutler et al. 2000 Great Treatise 3 Cutler et al. 2002 Jm Jtaka-ml LRCM Tsongkhapa (1985) sKyes bu gsum gyi myams su

blang ba'i rim pa thams cad tshang bar ston pa'i byang chub lam gyi rim pa

MAV Madhyamakvatra MAVbh Madhyamakvatra-bhya mChan 'Jam-dbyangs-bzhad-pa, et al. Lam rim mchan

bzhi sbrags ma MMK Praj-nma-mlamdhyamka-krik MSA Mahyn-stralakra-krik P Suzuki (1955-61) PPd Prasanna-pad, Dharamala 1968

42

PPs Prasanna-pad, La Valle Poussin 1970a PS Paramit-samsa RGV Uttara-tantra (Ratna-gotra-vibhga) rNam thar rgyas pa

Nag-tsho, Jo bo rje dpal Idan mar me mdzad ye shes kyi mam thar rgyas pa

R Rja-parikatha-ratnavali bh Yog-cary-bhmau-rvaka-

bhmi Skt. Sanskrit Sn. Sadhi-nirmocana stra SP Sad-dharma-puarka-nma-mahyn-stra SR Sarva-dharma-svabh-samat-vipacita-samdhi-

rja-stra Tib. Tibetan Toh Ui et al. 1934 Ud Udna-varga Vs Vinicaya-sagrahai VV Vigraha-vyvartan VVv Vigraha-vyvartan-vtti YS yukti-ahik YSv yukti-ahik-vtti

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Dn Tp I [Chng 1 Atia] I. Ch ra s v i v gio php ca tc gi xc lp rng l ngun quyn nng:

A. Ti sinh trong mt dng di qu tc B. t c cc phm hnh cao qy.

1. Qua hc hi nhiu kinh vn t c tri kin trc tuyt 2. t phm hnh thm su v tri kin chng nghim t vic thc hnh ng.

a. Ngi Atia thnh tu trong rn luyn gii lut 1) Gi gn cc th nguyn ti cao v vic gii thot c nhn 2) Gi gn B-tt gii 3) Gi gn cc th nguyn Kim Cng tha

b. Ngi Atia thnh tu trong tu tp thin nh 1) Rn luyn nh lc theo kinh in v mt in thng thng 2) Rn luyn cc nh lc siu vit

c. Ngi Atia thnh tu trong rn luyn tr hu 1) Rn luyn tr hu thng thng 2) Rn luyn Tr hu siu vit

C. Sau khi c c cc phm hnh cao qu, ngi Atia tip tc hong ha 1. Hnh trng ti n 2. Hnh trng ti Ty Tng

[Chng 2 Gi Tr Cao Qu ca Pht Php] II. Chng minh gi tr cao qu ca Pht php khi sinh lng knh trng nhng li ging dy

A. Gi tr cao qu tr gip ngi tu hc hiu bit rng Pht php khng c g mu thun B. Gi tr cao qu tr gip ngi tu hc hiu bit rng tt c kinh in l hng dn thc hnh. C. Gi tr cao qu tr gip ngi tu hc d dng tm thy mc tiu ca Bc Ti Thng D. Gi tr cao qu tr gip ngi tu hc t kim ch c nhng sai lm trm trng

[Chng 3 Phng cch lng nghe v l gii v gio php] III Phng cch lng nghe v l gii v gio php.

A. Phng cch lng nghe Pht php theo cch qua c gio php v tc gi u cao qu

1. Suy tng v li ch ca vic lng nghe pht php

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2. Pht trin s tn knh gio php v ngi hng dn 3. Phng php thc s lng nghe

a. T b ba khuyt im ca mt ci thng cha b. Ph thuc vo su nim

B. Phng cch ging gii Pht php theo cch qua c gio php v tc gi u cao qu

1. Suy tng v li ch ca vic ging gii Pht php 2. Pht trin s tn knh Thy v gio php. 3. Vi t duy v cch ng x no khi ging gii Pht php 4. Phn bit ngi nn hay khng nn ging gii Pht php.

C. Phng cch kt thc mt thi ging trong lin h gia lng nghe v ging gii Pht php

[Chng 4 Nng Ta vo Thy] IV. Phng cch dn dt tu sinh vi nhng hng dn thc t

A. Phng cch nng ta vo thy {o s}, cn c ca con ng tu tp 1. Mt s gii thch chi tit pht trin c mc hiu bit chc chn

a. Cc c tnh c trng ca Thy nng ta c b. Cc c tnh c trng ca tu sinh khi nng ta vo thy c. Phng cch t nng ta vo thy

1) Nng ta v t duy a) Nhng ch nh tng qut v thi cn c khi nng ta vo Thy. b) c bit, to nim tin l cn c. c) Nh lng t t ca Thy v knh trng Thy

2) Nng ta v hnh tr d. Cc li ch ca vic nng ta vo Thy e. Cc li lm khi khng nng ta vo Thy f. Tm tt ngha ca nm phn trn

[Chng 5 Thi Thin] 2. Mt ch nh tm tt v phng cch duy tr thin

a. Phng cch thc tin duy tr thin 1) Phi lm g khi ang trong thi thin

a) Chun b b) Thc s nhp thin

i) Lm sao duy tr thin tng qut ii) Lm sao duy tr thi thin chuyn bit

c) Phi lm g sau khi x thin 2) Phi lm g gia cc thi thin

a) Kim sot cc gic quan b) Hnh ng vi cnh gic

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i) Cc nn tng hnh ng t lm cn bn ii) Hnh ng mt cch cnh gic vi tn trng nn tng

c) Ch m thc thch hp d) Lm sao hnh tr mt cch tinh tn khng ng sai thi v lm sao hnh ng ng lc i ng.

[Chng 6 Bc B Quan Nim Sai Lm V Thin] b. Bc b quan nim sai lm v thin

[Chng 7 Mt Kip Ngi An Lc v Thun Duyn] B. Nhng giai on ngi t iu phc tm thc sau khi h nng ta vo o s

1. S khuyn khch v vic tn dng ton vn i sng an lc v thun duyn

a. S nhn din an lc v thun duyn 1) An lc 2) Thun duyn

a) Nm kha cnh ca thun duyn thuc v bn thn qu v b) Nm kha cnh thun duyn lin quan n nhng chng sinh khc

b. Qun chiu v tm quan trng to ln ca an lc v thun duyn c. Qun chiu v s s kh khn t c an lc v thun duyn

[Chng 8 Ba Loi Ngi] 2. Lm th no tn dng li th ca mt cuc sng an lc v thun duyn

a. Lm th no pht trin tri thc tng qut mt cch chc chn v l trnh tu tp

1) Ni dung bao hm ca tt c kinh in v cc l trnh ca ba loi ngi nh th no 2) V sao cc t c hng dn theo cc giai on p dng cc rn luyn dnh cho ba loi ngi

a) Mc ch ca vic hng dn cc t qua phng tin ca cc l trnh v ba loi ngi b) V sao cc t c hng dn theo nhng giai on nh vy

i) Nguyn nhn tht s ii) Mc ch

[Chng 9 Chnh Nim v Ci Cht]

b. Con ng tht s tn dng cuc sng an lc v y thun duyn 1) Rn luyn tr tu trong cc giai on ca l trnh dnh cho ngi c kh nng gii hn.

a) iu phc tm thc cho mt ngi c t kh nng {cn c thp} i) Pht trin trng thi qun chiu tm n lc tinh tn cho li ch ca nhng kip sng v lai.

46

a Chnh nim v ci cht, qun chiu rng qu v s khng tn ti lu trn cuc i ny.

1 Sai lm ca vic khng trau di chnh nim v ci cht 2 Li ch ca vic trau di chnh nim v ci cht 3 Loi chnh nim v ci cht m qu v cn khai trin 4 Phng php trau di chnh nim v ci cht

a T duy rng ci cht l l tt nhin 1 Hy qun chiu rng thn cht chc chn s n v v vy iu l khng th trnh khi. 2 Hy qun chiu rng i sng ca qu v khng th ko di v thng xuyn suy gim. 3 Hy qun chiu v ci cht l chc chn ngay c trong lc qu v cn sng th cng c rt t th gi cho tu tp tn gio

b Hy qun chiu v thi im bt nh ca ci cht 1 Qun chiu v tui th trn th gian ny tht khng chc chn 2 Qun chiu rng c qu nhiu nguyn nhn dn n ci cht v rt t nguyn nhn dnh cho s sng 3 Qun chiu rng thi im xy ra ci cht l khng chc chn bi v thn th con ngi rt mong manh d h hoi.

c Qun chiu rng vo thi im din ra ci cht, s khng ai c th h tr ngoi tr s tu tp tn gio

1 Bn b s khng th h tr. 2 Ti sn vt cht khng th h tr. 3 Thn th ca qu v cng khng th gip ch.

[Chng 10 Qun Tng v Kip Sng Tng Lai ca Qu V] b Qun chiu nhng iu s xy n trong i sng tng lai ca qu v: hnh phc v kh au ca hai hng chng sanh

1 Qun chiu s au kh ca chng sinh nhng a ngc a Qun chiu s au kh ca chng sinh trong nhng a ngc nng b Qun chiu s au kh trong nhng a ngc cn bin c Qun chiu s au kh trong nhng a ngc lnh d Qun chiu s au kh trong nhng a ngc ph

2 Qun chiu s au kh ca sc sinh 3 Qun chiu s au kh ca ng qu

a Loi ng qu khng ly c thc n v nc ung do nhng tr ngi bn ngoi

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b Loi ng qu khng ly c thc n v nc ung do nhng tr ngi bn trong c Loi ng qu gp nhng tr ngi i vi thc n v nc ung

[Chng 11 Quy Y Tam Bo] ii) Nng ta vo nhng phng tin mang n hnh phc cho kip sng tip theo

a iu phc tm thc cho s quy y tam bo, cnh ca th thng n vi li hun th

1 Nhng nguyn nhn cho vic quy y 2 Da vo , nhng i tng qu v s quy y

a Nhn din nhng i tng qu v s quy y b Nhng nguyn nhn v sao cc i tng ny xng ng qu v quy y

3 Con ng qu v s quy y a Quy y thng qua s hiu bit nhng phm hnh tt

1 Nhng phm hnh tt ca c Pht (a) Nhng phm hnh tt ca thn Pht (b) Nhng phm hnh tt ca khu Pht (c) Nhng phm hnh tt ca Pht (i) Nhng phm hnh tt v tri thc (ii) Nhng phm hnh tt v lng t bi (d) Nhng phm hnh tt ca nhng hnh ng gic ng

2 Nhng phm hnh tt ca Php 3 Nhng phm hnh tt ca Tng on

b' Quy y thng qua hiu bit nhng s th thng 1 S th thng da vo nhng t tng ca tam bo 2 S th thng da vo nhng hnh ng gic ng ca tam bo 3 S th thng da vo lng thnh knh 4 S th thng da vo vic thc tp 5 S th thng da vo s hi tng 6 S th thng da vo cch thc ca ba ngi bu lm tng trng cng c

c Quy y thng qua nguyn lc d Quy y bng cch khc t s nng ta vo nhng i tng khc

[Chng 12 Gii Quy Y] 4 Sau khi quy y, cc giai on gi gii

48

a Cc gii ny c ghi li nh th no trong Quyt nh Yu Lun

1 Tp hp phn chi th nht (a) Nng ta ni bc xut chng (b) Lng nghe gio php siu vit (c) nh tm ng mc vo cc gio php ny (d) Trau di thc hnh tng hp vi gio php

2 Tp hp phn chi th hai (a) ng kch thch cc gic quan (b) Th gii mt cch ng n (c) C lng bi mn i vi chng sinh (d) Gng sc cng dng nh k ln Tam Bo

b Cc gii ny c trnh by nh th no trong truyn thng khu truyn

1 Gii c bit (a) Gii cm (b) Gii tp qun

2 Cc gii tng qut (a) Bng cch nh li nhng im u vit v nhng phm hnh cao qu ca Tam Bo, khng ngng quy y (b) Bng cch nh li lng t qung i ca Tam Bo, n lc th phng Tam Bo khng ngng v dng ln Tam Bo ming n, thc ung trc tin (c) Khin cc chng sinh khc c thun thc trong cch hnh tr ny bng cch thng xt chiu c n h (d) Bt c lm vic g vi bt c mc ch g, cng dng v khn cu Tam Bo, t b mi phng php th gian khc (e) Sau khi hiu nhng li ch, quy y ba ln ban ngy v ba ln ban m

(i) Nhng li ch c trnh by trong Quyt nh Yu Lun

(a) Tp hp u tin gm bn li ch (1) To c rt nhiu phc c (2) c h lc v h lc ti thng (3) t c nh (4) t c s thanh tnh

(b) Tp hp th hai gm bn li ch (1) S nhn c nhiu h tr

49

(2) Lm gim, chm dt v hon ton tiu tr mi ngn che xut pht t nim tin khng chn chnh (3) c lit vo bc xut chng, ngi thc s thnh tu tnh trng siu phm (4) Lm vui lng v c s chp thun ca thy v bn o, v ca ch thn hoan h ni gio php

(ii) Nhng li ch c trnh by trong cc ch dy ring

(a) c k l Pht t (b) Xng ng c th tr tt c cc gii (c) Lm gim v dit tr nhng ngn che do nghip bo tch ly trc y (d) Tch ly c rt nhiu phc c (e) Khng b ri vo cc ci kh (f) Khng b cc chng ngi nhn hoc phi nhn ngn tr (g) Thnh tu mi iu c mun (h) Mau chng t c Pht qu (i) Gi gn quy y v khng t b Tam Bo ngay c khi ni a hoc phi mt mng

[Chng 13 Cc Tnh Cht Tng Qut ca Nghip] b Pht trin c nim tin xc tn rng nghip l ci r ca mi hnh phc tm thi v iu thin lnh chc chn

1 Qun chiu v nghip v nh hng ca n ni chung a Phng cch tht s qun chiu mt cch tng qut

1 Tnh chc chn ca nghip 2 Tnh khuch i ca nghip 3 Khng phi chu nhng hu qu ca cc hnh ng qu v khng lm 4 Nhng hnh ng qu v lm s khng mt i

[Chng 14 Cc Loi Nghip Khc Nhau] b Qun chiu nhng c th v s phn ha ca nghip

1 Nhng ging dy chnh v mi nghip o 2 Vic xc nh cc qu ca hnh ng

(a) Cc hnh ng bt thin v qu ca n (i) Nhng nghip o tht s ca cc hnh ng bt thin (ii) Phn bit nng

50

(a) nng ca mi bt thin o (b) Bn qua v nhng tiu chun ca cc hnh ng mnh lit

(1) Sc mnh v pha ngi nhn (2) Sc mnh v mt ym tr (3) Sc mnh v mt i tng (4) Sc mnh v mt thi

(iii) Bn v qu (a) Qu thnh hnh (b) Qu tng hp vi nhn (c) Qu gin tip/phng tin qu

(b) Cc hnh ng thin v qu ca n (i) Hnh ng thin (ii) Qu ca hnh ng thin

(c) Mt trnh by v cc cch phn loi khc ca nghip (i) Phn bit gia biu nghip v b nghip (ii) Nghip m qu ca n qu v chc chn s tri qua hoc ch c trin vng tri qua

2 Suy ngm chi tit v nghip v nghip qu a Nhng tnh cht ca qu thnh hnh b Nhng kt qu ca qu c Nhng nguyn nhn ca qu

[Chng 15 Trau Di Gii Hnh] 3 Lm th no trau di gii hnh, lnh xa iu c sau khi qun chiu v nghip v nghip qu mt cch tng qut v chi tit

a Gii thch tng qut b c bit l cch tnh ha qua bn nng lc

1 Nng lc dit tr 2 Nng lc ca vic p dng cc bin php i tr 3 Nng lc ca vic xa lnh cc li lm 4 Nng lc nn tng

[Chng 16 Thi ca Ngi C Kh Nng Nh] b) Tm mc thi ca ngi c kh nng nh {h cn, cn c thp} c) Lm sng t nhng quan nim sai lm v thi ca ngi c kh nng nh

[Chng 17 Tm Loi Kh] 2) iu phc tm trong cc giai trnh o ca ngi c kh nng trung bnh

51

a) Hun luyn tm tr i) Xc nh th no l tm hng ti gii thot ii) Phng php pht trin tm hng ti gii thot

a Suy ngm v kh v ngun gc ca kh 1 Suy ngm v kh - nhng khuyt im ca sinh t lun hi

a Cho thy tm quan trng ca vic c Pht khng nh kh l chn l u tin ca T b Cch thin qun thc t v kh

1 Suy ngm v ci kh chung ca sinh t lun hi (a) Suy ngm v tm loi kh

(i) Kh ca vic sinh ra i (ii) Kh ca tui gi (iii) Kh ca bnh (iv) Kh ca cht (v) Kh ca vic phi gp iu bt nh (vi) Kh ca vic phi xa la iu nh (vii) Kh ca vic khng c c nhng th mnh mun (viii) Kh ca ng un b chim hu

[Chng 18 Su Loi Kh] (b) Suy ngm v su loi kh

(i) Khuyt im v tnh khng chc chn (ii) Khuyt im v tnh khng th toi nguyn c (iii) Khuyt im v vic phi b thn th lp i lp li (iv) Khuyt im v vic phi ti sinh lp i lp li (v) Khuyt im ca vic phi ging h xung thp lp i lp li (vi) Khuyt im ca vic khng c bn ng hnh

[Chng 19 Thin Qun Thm v Kh] (c) Thin qun v ba loi kh

(i) Kh do thay i (ii) Kh do au n (iii) Kh do duyn sinh

2 Suy ngm v cc au kh c th (a) Ci kh ca con ngi (skt. manuya) (b) Ci kh ca A-tu-la (skt. Asura) (c) Suy ngm v ci kh ca ch thin (skt. deva)

(i) Ch thin ca dc gii

52

(a) Ci kh ca vic phi cht v b ging xung cc gii thp

(1) Ci kh ca cht (2) Ci kh ca vic phi ging xung cc cnh gii thp

(b) Ci kh ca u lo (c) Ci kh ca vic b ct chm, m rch, git cht, v b ui i

(ii) Ch thin ca sc gii v v sc gii [Chng 20 Ngun Gc ca S Kh]

2 Suy ngm v tin trnh lun hi v mt ngun gc a Phin no khi ln nh th no

1 Nhn din phin no 2 Th t theo phin no khi ln 3 Cc nguyn nhn ca phin no 4 Nhng sai st ca phin no

b T qu v tch ly nghip nh th no 1 Xc nh nghip m qu v tch ly

(a) Nghip t nh { nghip} (b) Nghip t hnh ng c ch {thn nghip}

2 Qu v tch ly nghip nh th no (a) Tch ly nghip v cc cm gic lc th

(i) Tch ly nghip v lc th xut pht t vui hng nhng i tng a thch sc, thanh, v nhng th tng t (ii) Tch ly nghip v t h lc trong thin nh, sau khi qu v t b tham luyn i vi cc lc th gic quan bn ngoi

(b) Tch ly nghip v cc cm gic trung tnh c Qu v cht v ti sinh nh th no

1 Nguyn nhn ca ci cht 2 Tm thc vo lc cht

(a) Cht vi tm thin lnh (b) Cht vi tm bt thin (c) Cht vi tm trung tnh v mt o c

3 Hi nng t u 4 Sau khi cht qu v vo tnh trng trung m nh th no 5 Ri qu v ti sinh nh th no

[Chng 21 Mi Hai Yu T Duyn Khi]

53

b Suy ngm t quan im mi hai duyn khi 1 S phn chia thnh mi hai yu t 2 S phn loi gin lc cc yu t 3 S i cn tri qua hon tt tt c mi hai yu t 4 Tm quan trng ca mi hai yu t c tm lc nh th no

[Chng 22 Thi ca Mt Ngi C Kh Nng Trung Bnh] b) Mc quyt tm mun c gii thot c) Ph tan nhng nim sai lm

[Chng 23 Nm Chc Bn Cht ca Con ng Dn Ti Gii Thot] d) Nm chc bn cht ca con ng a ti gii thot

i) Loi cuc sng qua qu v c th lm ngng lun hi ii) Loi l trnh qu v phi tu tp lm ngng lun hi

a S chc chn ca vic lit k ba tu tp 1 Cc giai on iu phc tm 2 Cc kt qu 3 Nhng i tng m chng tiu tr

b Vic quyt nh th t ca ba tu tp [Chng 24 Tnh Cht ca Tam V Lu Hc]

c' Tnh Cht ca Tam V Lu Hc

54

55

Khai Lun Xin knh l hi hng ln bn s Vn-th-s-li {Diu m - Majughoa}. Con ci u nh l ng Th Tn Thch-ca, Thn ca Ngi c to t mun ngn c hnh Ba-la-mt-a, Khu ca Ngi lm tha nguyn v hn chng sanh, ca Ngi thu r chnh tri kin v vn php. Con h mnh nh l trc ngi V Nng Thng {Di-lc - Ajita} v ngi Vn-th-s-li, L cc truyn nhn ti cao ca ng Bn S V Thng S [c Pht], tip th gnh vc tt c cc hnh vi ca ng Chin Thng, Cc hnh ta ho quang n v lng ci Pht-. Con ci u di chn T Long Th v V Trc, ni danh trong tam cp1, trang nghim ton ci Nam Thim B Chu2 Ngi son cc lun ging chnh xc V ch thm thm khn lng ca cc ng Pht mu.3

1Tc l cc cp gii lut ca Thanh Vn tha, B-tt tha v Mt tha

y c s phn bit vi thut ng tam tha hay dng trong cc ti liu Pht gio Vit Nam bao gm Thanh Vn, Duyn Gic v B-tt tha.

2BA1 Trong thin vn hc Pht gio, Nam Thim B Chu {skt. Jambudvpa} l chu lc pha Nam ca T i Chu bao quanh ni Tu-di {skt. Meru} trung tm ca th gii. ay l chu lc m loi ngi c duyn (iu kin) bn trong v bn ngoi cho vic tu tp tn gio.

3BA2 Pht Mu ca ng Chin Thng (tc cc v Pht) l kinh Bt-nh Ba-la-mt-a {skt. Prajpramit-stra} Tr hu l m ca tt c cc

56

Con ci u trc t Nhin ng [Atia], gnh vc kho tng gio hun, Bao gm cc mu cht hon chnh v khng sai lc Ca l trnh v quan im thm su v cc hnh vi qung bc c trao truyn t hai t tin phong v i kia Con h mnh tn knh trc cc o s L ngi m hnh vi thin xo c hng ng bi lng t , L s sng soi cho ca ng thin duyn dn a n gii thot, L mt thy c mun vn kinh in v bin. Nay nhng ai xc tin n lc vo thin hc hi mt t [kinh vn c in], Trong khi nhng k a vn li khng thin xo v mu cht ca vic thc hnh. H thng c khuynh hng xem kinh vn qua cc nhn quan b phi, Khng th no dng lun l phn bit ch ca kinh vn Cho nn, sau khi thy h thiu vng l trnh t n thin tri, ng Th Tn hon tt cc gio hun, cc im chnh ca gio php, [2] Ti hng khi ging gii V con ng ca cc nh tin phong v i ny. Tt c nhng ai c duyn may khng b che m bi bng en v b phi. V nhng ai c kh nng tinh thn phn bit c chnh t, V nhng ai mong c to ra cuc i tt p an lc

ng Chin Thng c ngha l ch Pht, trong phm tr v vic pht trin tr hu vn hiu bit tnh Khng v v.v... th c th t Pht qu ti hu.

57

Hy nn gi nht tm lng nghe [3] y vic ging dy m ti s gii thch l cch thc m nhng ngi thin duyn s c dn dt n Pht qu bng phng tin ca giai trnh n gic ng: (1) l s gm thu cc im chnh ca tt c cc kinh vn ca ng Chin Thng, (2) l cc l trnh tu tp c rn luyn bi hai i tin phong: Long Th v V Trc, (3) l h thng cho cc chng sinh ti cao tin b ln trng thi nht thit tr {ton gic} v (4) l mt ni hm y tt c cc giai on c tu tp bi ba loi ngi {h, trung v thng cn}. Cc thin tri thc ca Hc vin Nland vinh quang c xem l gii thch vic ging dy bng cch thc ca ba thun khit {thanh tnh}: li ging thun khit ca o s, tm thc thun khit ca t, v gio php thun khit s c ging dy. Sau mt thi gian gio php ny c lan rng n Vikramalala,1 ngi ta cho rng tht l iu quan trng cho cc thin tri thc bt u {vic ging dy} bng ba ti gm: s v i v tc gi ca gio php, s to tt chnh gio php v cch thc nn c ging gii v lng nghe gio php . Gia hai phng cch {dy v hc} ni ting ny, y, ti s theo cch th nh trong cc ging gii ca ti. Ging dy ny v giai trnh n gic ng gm bn phn:2 1BA3 Ch c sa chnh t li t ch Vrikmalala theo A-

kya:92.5-93.3, ngi cp n cch vit ng ca tn ny v ni rng bt k s xut hin ca n bao lu v bao nhiu ln xut bn bi lun ca t Tsongkhapa nh l Vrikmalala, ch vit ng chnh t l Vikramalala.

2BA4 Phn dn ny l mt phn ca kinh vn Ty Tng. Cc dch gi bao gm dn ni dung cho mi chng phn u ca cc chng v cc phn mc ca dn bi ny c trnh by xuyn sut trong chng. Khi mt phn mc cp n cc chng ti, cc dch gi s ch ra l cc chng no. Khi mt phn mc cp

58

1. Ch ra s v i ca tc gi ca gio php ny xc lp rng gio php l ngun chnh php (chng 1) 2. Ch ra s v i ca gio php mang n lng tn knh vi cc hun th (chng 2) 3. Cch thc lng nghe v ging gii cc gio php ny (chng 3) 4. Cc thc dn dt t vi cc hun th tht s (chng 4 tr i)

n cc chi tit bao gm trong hai tp k, h s ghi r s chng m trong chi tit bt u v thm vo t v tip sau .

59

Chng 1: Atia1 1. Ch ra s v i ca tc gi ca gio php ny xc lp rng gio php l ngun chnh php {quyn nng}:

A. Ti sinh trong mt dng di qu tc B. t c cc phm hnh cao qu.

1. Qua hc hi nhiu kinh vn t c tri kin trc tuyt 2. t phm hnh thm su v tri kin chng nghim t vic

thc hnh ng. a. Ngi Atia thnh tu trong rn luyn gii lut

1) Gi gn cc th nguyn ti cao v vic gii thot c nhn2

2) Gi gn B-tt gii3 3) Gi gn cc th nguyn Kim Cng tha

b. Ngi Atia thnh tu trong tu tp thin nh 1) Rn luyn nh lc theo kinh in v mt in thng

thng 2) Rn luyn cc nh lc siu vit

c. Ngi Atia thnh tu trong rn luyn tr hu 1) Rn luyn tr hu thng thng

1C ni dch l A--sa hay Nhin ng Ct Tng Tr (skt. Atia) , mt

i s ngi ng n (982-1054), ng gp rt nhiu trong vic truyn Pht gio sang Ty Tng. S chuyn nghin cu cc phng php pht trin B- tm (skt. bodhicitta). L T ca dng Ma-kit- (skt. magadha) v thuyt s ti i hc Siu Gii (skt. vikramala), S c mi qua Ty Tng v sng 12 nm cui i mnh. S l ngi sng lp trng phi Kadampa (Ca-ng) v c nh hng ln n phi Gelug (Cch L).

2Ch Phn l Prtimoka hay tn phin m t ch Hn l Ba-la- Mc-xoa (chn. ) cn gi l bit gii thot gii l cc gii lut ban u ca hng tng s Pht gio tc l cc th nguyn hay l cc ni quy cm k m ngi tu hnh khng c vi phm. Vic gi gn cc gii lut c gi l tr gii hay gi gii.

3Hay cn gi l cc hnh nguyn B-tt.

60

2) Rn luyn Tr hu siu vit C. Sau khi c c cc phm hnh cao qu, ngi Atia tip tc hong ha

1. Hnh trng ti n 2. Hnh trng ti Ty Tng

1. Ch ra s v i v gio php ca tc gi xc lp rng l ngun chnh php {quyn nng}: Nhng hun th ny mt cch tng qut l t Hin Qun Trang Nghim Lun (Abhisamaylakra)1 c son tho bi c Di Lc. Ring, ni dung ca lun ny l t tc phm B- o ng Lun (Bodhi-patha-pradipa)2 ca Atia; do , tc gi ca B- o ng Lun cng chnh l tc gi ca bn [lun] ny3. Tn khc ca Atia tuyt vi l i s dpakararjna. A. Ti sinh trong mt dng di qu tc Nh c nhc n trong bi k Bt Thp K Tng (bsTod pa brgyad cu pa) vit bi i dch gi Nag-tso (Nag-tsho)1

1BA5 on vn ny hm v cc kinh in Ba-la-mt (prajna-paramita

sutra), chi tit ha l trnh gic ng (Sopa tr. 22). 2B- o ng Lun (skt. bodhipathapradpa) l mt tc phm quan

trng ca i s Atia (980-1054), ngi truyn Pht php sang Ty Tng trong thi k truyn php th hai. Tc phm ny l nn tng tu hc ca hu ht cc tng phi Pht gio ti y. i ca tc phm ny l vic chia ra th bc trong vic tu hnh Pht php do cn c khng ging nhau.

3BA6 V ngun chnh vn ca bn lun Lamrim Chenmo l B- o ng Lun, nn Tsongkhapa cho rng bn lun ny cng l ca Atia qua nu bt s v i ca Atia. Steps on the Path to Enlightenment. Vol1. P22. Lhundub Sopa. Wisdom. 2004.

61

Za-hor (nay l Bengal) thuc pha ng n , C mt thnh ph ln l Vikramanipra. ng ti trung tm thnh ph l cung in nguy nga Ca Hong gia vi tn Kim Thng Phng Vi ti nguyn, sc mnh v s thnh vng khng thua km vng triu ca Trung Hoa phng ng.2 Vua ca x ny l Kalyanari V hong hu riprabh C ba hong t l Padmagarbha, Candragarbha, v rigarbha.

1BA7 Nag-tsho-lo-tsa-ba-tshul-khrims-rgyal-ba (1011 - ?) sinh ti vng

Gung-thang ca nNga-ris nay l Ladakh. ng thnh cng trong vic thnh mi v thp tng Atia n Ty Tng v lu li nhiu nm lm thy dy. Tn y ca bi k xng tng ny v Atia ca Nag-tsho l Khams gsum chos kyi rgyal pod pal ldan mar me mdzad ye shes la bstod pai rab tu byed pa tshigs bcad brgyad cu pa. Bi tng c tm thy trong Legs par bshad pa bka gdams rin po chei gsung gi gces btus nor bui bang mdzod (bKa gdams bces btus) c dch bi Ye-shes-don-grub-bstan-pai-rgyal-mtsha, pp.30 -39. Mt bn tiu s nhiu chi tit hn, Jo bo rje dpal ldan mar me mdzad ye shes kyi rnam thar rgyas pa (rNam thar rgyas pa) (bn tiu s chi tit ca Atia) phn ln da vo Nag-tsho v Atia. Trch dn trn v trch dn sau y ly t tc phm ca Nag-tsho l bsTod pa brgyad cu pa u thy c trong rNam thar rgyas pa (Jo bo rje dpal ldan mar me mdzad ye shes kyi rnam thar rgyas pa), v khong gn mi cu k khc tip sau c th c mt ngoi l. Cc trch dn theo sau ca Tsongkhapa t cc bi cu xng tng ny s c trch ra t rNam thar rgyas pa. Cc cu trch dn y (vi mt t khc bit) l t rNam thar rgyas pa: 48.8-12 v 49.9-16 nhng l ca Paita Kaitigarbha (Sai-snying-po), t u tin ca Atia. c thm chi tit v rNam thar rgyas pa xem Eimer 1979, chi tit v bsTod pa brgyad cu pa xem Blue annals (Roerich:242), v Eimer 1997: 142-146).

2Theo nin i th y c th l Vng triu hu ng Tnggung () (923-926).

62

Hong thi t, Padmagarbha c nm hong thi phi v chn ngi con trai. Con trai c ca ng, Puyari, L mt hc gi v i thi by gi Thng c bit n qua tn gi Dhanari1. Ngi con t, rigarbha, tc l s virycandra. Ngi con gia, Candragarbha l o s2 tc tn s [Atia].

B. t c cc phm hnh cao qu. Vic ngi t n cc phm hnh cao qu c gii thch trong 2 phn:

1. Bng cch hiu bit nhiu v cc kinh vn, ngi t n tri kin su sc v kinh in. 2. Qua vic tin hnh tu tp ng n, ngi chng nghim c cc phm cht cao qu v tri kin chng nghim.

1BA9 Ba-so-chos-kyi-rgyal-mtshan (mChan: 20.5) cho rng l

Dhanarimita 2T ch guru (skt. guru) dch ngha l o s, thut ng t ting

Ty Tng ngha l mt ngi c c tri kin v tr tu su sc cng nh c thm quyn v kh nng hng dn ngi khc. Cn c dch l thin s hay thin xo s. Theo trang WEB Rigpa Shedra th thut ng ny c xem l tng ng vi thut ng "lama" {lt-ma} (tib. , lama nampa shyi): Trong Pht gio Ty Tng th ngi ta chia lm 4 loi guru: (1) Truyn nhn (tib. , gangzak gyp lama) nm gi truyn tha, (2) Pht ngn s (tib. , gyalwa ka yi lama) l ngi thy i din cho ngn t ca c Pht, (3) Tn s {bn s} (tib. , nangwa da yi lama) l mt v s ph biu tng cho mi trnh hin, (4) Chn s (tib. , rigpa dn gyi lama) l v o s tuyt i, l bn cht tht ca tm.

Guru. Rigpa Shedra. Truy cp: 12/02/2012. .

63

1. Bng cch hiu bit nhiu v cc kinh vn, ngi t n tri kin trc tuyt v kinh in Trong Bt Thp K Tng ca Nag-tsho c vit: 1

Vo tui hai mi mt, Ngi tinh thng su mi bn b mn2. Tt c cc loi hnh cng ngh, Phn ng v ton b trit hc.

Nh khng nh y, vo thi im hai mi mt tui, ngi tr thnh mt hc gi trng thnh sau vic rn luyn trong cc ti v kin thc chung trong v ngoi Pht gio, bn loi kin thc v vn phm, l lun, cc k nng, v y hc.3 [5] c bit hn, Dro-lung-ba nht (Gro-lung-pa) k rng vo tui mi lm, sau

1BA10 rNam thar rgyas pa: 51.2-51.5. 2BA11 Sgyu rtsal. A-kyayongs-dzin (A-kya: 89.1-2) c cho gii thch chi

tit v 64 mn cng ngh m ng cho rng n t b lun Mahvihba (Thuyt nht thit hu b i lun hay T-b-sa i lun), mt yu gii v Vi Diu Php ca phi Thuyt nht thit hu b. Nhng b mn ny cng c lit k trong Bod rgya tshig mdzod chjen mo (T in Tng Hoa) (Nh xut bn Nhn Dn 1984). Bao gm 30 k nng (bzo), nh vn chng, thin vn, v ngh, ni v hun luyn cc loi th, v cc mn th thao; 18 k nng thuc v m nhc (rol moi bye brag) ch yu l cc loi nhc c khc nhau cng nh l ging ht v cc iu i km vi tay chn; 7 loi ct ging (glu dbyangs kyi nges pa), l cc m thanh ging cc loi chim hay th khc nhau din by cc cm xc khc nhau; v 9 k nng l cc trng thi cm xc ma (gar gyui cha byad) din by cc tng cung cch khc nhau ca thn (mnh lit, hng dng), khu, v (t bi, an ha). Ganguly (1962) c m t nhng iu ny t quan im ca truyn thng n.

3BA12 rNam thar rgyas pa:34-35 c cho chi tit v nhng g m Atia tu hc.

64

mt ln nghe qua Chnh L Nht ch Lun1 ca Nguyt Xng, Atia tranh lun vi mt hc gi lun l hc phi Pht gio ni ting v nh bi ngi ny, bi danh ting ca ngi lan rng khp ni. Sau , ngi nhn im o trn vn t o s Rhulagupta, v t thin qun ca Hc Sn T2, ngi mc qun c Hevajra3 v nhn c li tin tri t Vajrakini4. Ngi c t php danh Mt tha l Jnaguhyavajra. Bng s rn luyn trong sut hai mi chn nm trong Kim Cng Tha vi nhiu o s, ngi t ti cc thnh tu tinh thn v tr nn thin xo trong tt c cc mt in v cc gio hun. Khi tng ta mt mnh thin xo trong Mt ch tha5 ny ln vi ngi th lng t ho b khut phc bi cc Khng hnh n6 trong mt gic m khin ngi

1skt. Nyyabindu-prakaraa y l mt trong lot 7 tc phm lm nn

tng cho lun l hc Pht gio ca ngi Php Xng (~ 600-650) Cc tc phm l Quan Tng Thuc Lun (skt. sabandhaparkprakaraa), Lng Quyt nh Lun (skt. pramavinicaya) Lng Thch Lun (skt. pramavarttika-krik), Chnh L Nht ch Lun (skt. nyyabindu-prakaraa), Nhn Lun Nht ch Lun (skt. hetubindu-nma-prakaraa), Lun Ngh Chnh L Lun (skt. vdanyya-nma-prakaraa), Thnh Tha Tng Thuc Lun (skt. satnntarasiddhi-nma-prakaraa). Php Xng l mt trong nhng lun s quan trng ca Pht gio truyn tha Nland. Ngi c nhiu ng gp trong Duy thc hc v Nhn minh hc (tc l khoa hc v lp lun).

2BA13 Tc l vng Kagiri hay Klail (Chattopadhyaya 1981:73). 3Hevajra cn c mang tn l H Kim Cng, mt gic th (thnh bn

tn) chnh trong Mt tng. V i ngu ca Hevajra l Nairtmy. 4Ba-so-chos-kyi-rgyal-mtshan (mChan: 20.5) cho rng l

Dhanarimita. 5BA14 Mt ch tha (gsang sngags kyi theg pa), hay Kim Cng tha

(rdo rje theg pa) l php tu hnh c ging dy trong cc kinh vn Mt tng, cc Mt in, v cc lp Mt in (rgyud sde).

6BA15 v Thub pa'i dgongs gsal, Xem Geshe Wangyal and B. Cutillo, Illuminations (Novato, 1988)

65

thy khi lng ln v l trnh Mt ch m ngi cha bao gi c bit trc . Sau , cc o s v cc gic th1 c y thc hoc trc tip hoc trong m thc gic ngi xut gia, bo rng lm th s mang 1T ch deity. Trong trng hp c s dng thng thng th thut ng ny ch

n cc thn linh, cc v thuc ci tri, hay cc biu tng siu vit v s c dch l phm thin, ch thin, thn th, tri, hay thn linh ty ng cnh hay dng vn.

Trong ng cnh tu tp thin Pht gio, c mt s gn gi gia khi nim ny v khi nim Yidam c dng rng ri trong Anh ng. Theo gii thch ca ngi Sogyal Rinpoche v thut ng ny th: Trong Mt tha, nguyn l v cc gic th l phng cch ca giao cm. Tht kh khn lin h s biu th ca cc nng lc gic ng nu chng [cc gic th] khng c sc tng hay nn tng cho vic giao cm c nhn. Cc gic th c hiu nh l cc biu tng, vn c nhn cch ha v thu bt cc phm cht v nng lc v hn ca tm tr hu ca cc v pht. Qua tu tp vic to ra v thm thu vo cc gic th trong thc hnh qun tng, hnh gi ng ra rng tm chc vn nhn thc gic th v chnh gic th khng tch bit. Nh trong nhiu gio php m t v i tng thin cng nh trong cc maala {n trng} th gic th c th mang hnh thc ca cc s vt (khng phi ngi) nh hoa sen hay cc m tit Phn ng, xa hn trong nhiu trng hp lin quan n tu tp thin v maala gic th c th l mt biu tng v s hp nht ca hai c tnh gic ng di dng kt hp trong dng hai ngi hay dng hai chng sinh i ngu. Mt s ti liu dch t ny trng ngha vi thut ng Yidam l bn tn hay h pht vi tng cc gic th mang sc tng mt con ngi hay chng sinh gic ng (ngha hp); tuy nhin, y chng ti dng thut ng gic th trong ngha tng qut nh va nu trn.

V khi nim yidam (iadevat) hay thn th, bn tn hay bn s: Cng theo Sogyal Rinpoche th: Cc hnh gi Pht gio Ty Tng s c mt bn tn, l, mt php tu tp v mt v pht hay mt v gic th c th m vi v bn tn h c mt mi lin h v nghip mnh m, vn i vi h l hin thn ca chn l [gic ng], v h mi gi bn tn nh l trng tm ca tu tp. V s tu tp ca h

66

li ch to tt cho gio php v cho chng sinh. Theo li khn hon ca h, ngi xut gia, nhn l th c tc gii1 t mt tr tr t mc chng nghim c thc ti2 qua thin nh t n l trnh chun b3. V Tr tr ny tn ilarakita4, l mt trng lo ca i chng b5 l mt ct tr ln v kinh vn ca lut tng.

cng nhn bn tn nh l s pht ta ho quang ca tm thc gic ng, nn h c th thy cc trnh hin cng vi s cng nhn ny v khin h khi sinh hnh nh bn tn nh l mt gic th.

Nh vy, trong sch ny, chng ti s ty theo ng cnh dng thut ng bn tn, gic th, hay thn th cho ph hp. Ni chung gic th trong mt ngha hp chnh l bn tn.

The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying. P 289. Sogyal Rinpoche. HarperOne. 1994.

1Tc l l tn phong tr thnh mt tng s chnh thc (sa-di). 2Ng v thy ca Atia thc chng c tnh Khng. Steps on the

Path to Enlightenment. Vol1 p24. Lhundub Sopa. Wisdom. 2004. 3BA16 C 5 giai on tu tp t lc bt u tu tp thin nh cho n gic

ng c gi l 5 l trnh: (1) L trnh Tch ly t c chnh nh mnh m v lm vic hng ti mt trng thi gic ng tnh Khng khi ln t thin nh. (2) L trnh Chun b quen thuc vi trng thi gic ng tnh Khng, cng vi vic nui dng ng lc t bi, nhn thc c s trnh hin ca tnh Khng ngy cng r rng hn. (3) L trnh Tri kin tnh Khng c liu ng trc tip, m khng c cc nhim vi t t s trnh hin nh nguyn. thi im ny trong i tha, bt u giai on thc hnh B-tt o. (4) L trnh Thin nh l trnh thin nh ny l mt l trnh m rng s thn thuc ho v tnh Khng. cp ny, cc mc cao hn ca B-tt o ln lt c chng c. (5) L trnh V hc cc tr ngi rt vi t b loi tr hon ton t chnh gic. Tip theo , tm thc t thnh chnh ng chnh gic, v bn cht su xa ca tm tr thnh Pht tr. How to Practice . p202-207.Dalai Lama. Pocket Books. 2002.

4Tn ilarakita c th dch l H Gii. 5i Chng B (skt. mahsghika) l thut ng ch ch phi i

chng, phn ln, a s ca Tng-gi, tch ra t i hi kt tp Pht gio ln th ba ti paliputra. Quan im ca i chng b c xem l tin thn ca gio php i tha sau ny. Ngi ta tm

67

Nh pht biu trong Bt Thp K Tng, tr tr ca ngi c mi ngi bit n nh l ngi t ti l trnh chun b 1 Xa hn na, Atia c t php danh l ri Dipakarajna2. Cho n tui ba mi mt, Atia tu hc qua tp hp cc kinh lun cc trnh cao v thp trong ni dung trit l truyn thng Pht gio. c bit ti O-tan-ta-p-ri3, Ngi tu hc trong mi hai nm vi v o s l Dharmarakita4 v i T-b-sa Lun5. Qua vic thng tu cc kinh lun ca bn truyn tha6, ngi phn bit v khng nhm ln cho n tng chi tit nh nht gia cc trng phi ny v cc ng x no nn c tip thu v nn trnh trong cc gii lut nh l nhng phng thc b th v th thc. [6]

thy ni i chng b quan im cho rng, tt c u ch l gi danh, ci tuyt i cng nh tng i, Nit-bn hay Lun hi, th gian hay xut th gian. Tt c nhng danh t khng h c mt tht cht trng tn.

1 BA17 rNam thar rgyas pa: 61.12. Ti liu y v on tip sau tm thy rNam thar rgyas pa: 60.3-62.6. C s khc bit nh trong trch dn dng th hai: nh c trch bi Tsongkhapa, kt thc dng l rab tu grags; nh c tm thy trong rNam thar rgyas pa li vit thnh grags pa yin. V th cng mt ngha.

2Tn ri Dipakarajna dch ngha l Nhin ng Ct Tng Tr. 3BA18. C nhiu cch vit tn ny, mt cch vit thng dng khc l

Odantapuri. V tr chnh xc ca Odantapuri cha c khng nh. 4Dch ngha tn ny l Php H. 5BA19 i t-b-sa Lun (skt. mahvibh), mt b lun c bin son

trong ln i hi kt tp Pht gio ln th IV ti Kashmir di s ch tr ca Th Hu (skt. vasumitra). i t-b-sa lun trnh by quan im chnh thc ca phi Thuyt nht thit hu b.

6BA20 Bn truyn tha hay bn trng phi thuc Tiu tha. Theo Ngag-dbang-rab-brtan (mChan:23.6) l Thuyt nht thit hu b (skt. Sarvstivdin), i chng b (skt. Mahsaghika), Thng ta b hay Trng lo b (skt. Sthvira) v Chnh lng b (skt. Sammitya).

68

Do vy, thng hiu qua lng gio php nhiu ta bin ca truyn thng ring v ca cc truyn thng khc, ngi t n chnh kin v tt c cc mu cht ca gio php kinh in. 2. Qua vic tin hnh tu tp ng n, ngi chng nghim c cc phm cht cao qu v tri kin chng ng. Mt cch tng qut c Tam Tng kinh in1 qu bu bao gm tt c cc gio php ca c Ti Thng2. Ging nh l vic tt c cc gio php ca kinh in c cha trong Tam tng th tt c cc gio php nh khi c chng nghim gi l Php ca gic ng c bao gm trong Tam hc3 Vi mi quan h nh th, cc kinh vn v cc ch gii ca gio php cao vic tu tp gii lut nh l mt c s cho tt c cc phm cht tt p nh l cc tu tp trong nh v tu. Do , ngay t khi u cc thin tri thc cn phi c nhng phm cht tt ca tri kin n c t khung cnh ca vic rn luyn gii lut. 1Ton b gio php Pht gio c phn chia thnh 3 loi chnh l

Kinh tng (stra-piaka) bao gm cc bi ging ca chnh c Pht hoc cc i t.

Lut tng (vinaya-piaka) cha ng lch s pht trin ca Tng-gi (sagha) cng nh cc gii lut cho ngi tu hnh.

Lun tng (abhidharma-piaka) cng c gi l A-t-t-ma cha ng cc quan nim o Pht v trit hc v tm l hc. Ba thnh phn ny gi chung l Tam Tng (tripiaka).

2c Ti Thng y tc l c Pht Thch-ca Mu-ni. 3BA21 Tam hc (triik) l ba php mn tu hc chnh ca ngi theo

o Pht gm: gii (adhilaik): Hn ch cc hnh vi to nghip bt thin v pht huy cc hnh vi thin c; nh (adhicitta-ik): Thin nh tp trung, rn luyn s tnh gic trong i sng; tu (adhipraj-ik): pht trin tu gic thu hiu bn cht ca s vt (php) nhm t n gii thot trn vn. C ba php mn trn lin h cht ch v b xung nhau. Hnh gi khng th t n gic ng vin mn nu khng hon tt c ba php mn trn.

69

a. Ngi Atia thnh tu rn luyn gii lut1 Vic ngi Atia thnh tu rn luyn gii lut c gii thch trong mi quan h n 3 kha cnh:

1. Cc th nguyn ti cao cho vic gii thot c nhn 2. Gii nguyn B-tt 3. Gii nguyn Kim Cng tha

1) Gi gn cc th nguyn ti cao v gii thot c nhn Trong Bt Thp K Tng, Nag-tso vit:2

Con ci u trc trng lo tr gi cc gii lut, Cc tng s ti cao, thnh tu trong cc hnh nghip cao qu Ngi, bc vo ngng ca Thanh Vn3 tha Bo tn gii hnh ta b-tt4 gi ui.

B-tt tht luyn chp cc si lng ui ca n n ni l khi mt cng lng vng vo trong bi cy, th n c th bt chp tnh 1BA23 mc ny khng c nu r trong i lun ca Tsongkhapa,

nhng n li c tm thy trong danh mc ca cc dn bi khc nh trong b lun Byang chub lam rim chen moi sa bcad v trong b lun Jam-dbyangs-bzhad-pa. s mChan (Ch gii v bn mi tng quan cht ch) 24.5. S thch ng cn nu ra ca mc ny c biu th qua lun im song hnh vi cc phn tip theo sau l: b. Ngi Atia thnh tu trong rn luyn thin nh v c. Ngi Atia thnh tu trong rn luyn tr hu.

2BA24 rNam thar rgyas pa:94.15-18. 3BA25 iu ny c ngha l cc th nguyn tu s c thc thi tng hp

vi kinh vn ca Thanh Vn tha ch khng phi ni rng Atia l mt Thanh Vn trong ngha ngi c mt ng lc theo tiu tha.

4Anh ng vit l Yak, tn ging c ca mt loi b-tt vi lng di ph bin cc vng Hymalaya Trung Nam , cao nguyn Ty Tng, Tn Cng v Mng C. V chng thuc dng b-tt v Ty Tng khng b nhm ln vi cc loi b khc, chng ti i khi s dng thut ng b-tt ch ging b Yak ny.

70

mng nhm bo m khng mt cng lng no ngay c khi n c th b git bi ngi th sn. Cng nh th, sau khi nhn cc hnh nguyn tu s, khng phi ch vi cc gii iu trng yu m d ch vi nhng chi tit nh, ngi dm liu thn gn gi. Do , nh c nu trong Bt Thp K Tng, ngi l mt trng lo tr gi cc gii lut. 2) Atia thnh tu tr gi cc gii nguyn B-tt Trong Bt Thp K Tng c nu:1

Ngi, bc vo ngng ca Bt-nh tha Pht trin mt gii php ton tm thun khit v da trn tm gic ng, ngi khng b ri cc chng sinh Con ci u trc ngi, ng tr hu v t bi.

Cho nn, iu ni ln rng ngi tu tp nhiu gio php pht trin tm thc ca gic ng, c gc r t yu thng v bi mn. c bit, nh vo ngi Ser-ling-pa (gSer-gling-pa) 2, ngi tu tp trong thi gian di gio php c chuyn xung t B-tt Di lc v Vn-th-s-li cho n V Trc v Tch Thin mt cch tng ng. [7] Qua , nh trong Bt Thp K Tng c nu: 3

Ngi gt mt bn quyn li ring mnh v nhn ly gnh nng t li ch ca tha nhn1 chnh l o s ca con [Atia]

1BA26 rNam thar rgyas pa:95.9-12. 2BA27 Xem J. Hopkins, Practice of Emptiness: The Perfection of Wisdom

Chng v Fifth Dalai Lama's "Sacred Word of Manjusrl" (Dharamsala, 1976).

3BA28 rNam thar rgyas pa:87.2-3.

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Khi ln trong tim ngi l tm thc ca gic ng cht chiu cho tha nhn hn cho chnh mnh. Tm nguyn trong ngi bao gm tm thc ca gic ng {B- tm (tib. )} phi c thc thi. Sau , ngi tu hc cc php nhm theo ui cc ha nguyn ca ngi rn luyn trong cc t sng v i ca cc nguyn c B-tt, v vi nhng hnh vi thin c , ngi khng bao gi vi phm cc gii lut ca cc con Pht2.

3) Atia thnh tu tr gi cc gii nguyn Kim Cng tha Bt Thp K Tng c ghi:3

bc qua ngng ca Kim cng tha, Ngi t qun mnh l mt gic th v t c Tm Kim cng4 Thin Vng, Avadhtipa5, Con ci u trc ngi ngi tin hnh cc tu tp Mt.

1Ch tha nhn, ngi dch dng y v v sau l m ch tt c

cc chng sinh hu tnh khc vi ch th trong cu ch khng ring dnh cho nhng con ngi hay chng sinh dng ngi.

2BA29 Con Pht (rgyal sras) tc l B-tt. 3BA30 rNam thar rgyas pa:95.16 - 96.1. 4BA31 y ngi Atia tu tp php mn thin nh gic th (diety

yoga). iu ny cho thy Atia t giai on hon tt ca thc hnh Mt in ti cao tc l t trng thi thin nh tr hu bt nh gia tnh Khng v h lc. Steps on the Path to Enlightenment. Vol1 p30-31. Lhundub Sopa. Wisdom. 2004.

5BA32 Avadhtipa l mt danh hiu cho Atia ngha l ngi tin hnh cc tu tp lin quan n kinh (mch) trung ng. {Ngoi ra, theo ti liu ca Berzin Archieve, v nhiu trang Pht gio Ty Tng nh www.lamrim.com v www.fpmt.org th Atia cng c mt s ph tn l Avadhutipa.

. May 02 2009. Geshe Ngawang Dhargyey. 2009. The Berzin Archives}.

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Nag-tso biu l mt xng tng chung, gi Atia l Du-gi vng do ngi t c mc tp trung ca giai on tng qut, trong ngi xem thn mnh nh l mt gic th, v s thin nh ca giai on hon tt, theo ngi t ti trng thi kim cng ca tm thc. c bit, trong kha cnh v vic bo m cc th nguyn v khng vi phm cc lut Mt tha, th Bt Thp K Tng c nu1:

V ngi lun ton tm v tnh thc, Ngi khng cn nhng tng v hnh T nh v cnh gic, khng mnh khe khng i hi, Ngi khng nhim u bi nhng sai phm.

Do vy, Atia khng ch dng cm trong vic ha hn tu tp cc gii lut ca c ba cp 2 m cn bo tr cc gii lut bng cch gi gn cc tuyn ha v khng vi phm cc gii hn ca cc gii lut. Ngay c vi vi phm nh nht, ngi lp tc gt ra sai st bng nghi thc thch hp phc hi li nguyn. Bit rng bn tiu s ny lm hoan h cc hc gi hiu bit v cc im mu cht ca kinh in; nu gng cho h. [8] b. Atia thnh tu tu tp thin nh 1) Rn luyn nh lc theo kinh in v mt in thng thng Tm thc ngi tr nn hot dng trong thin nh 2) Rn luyn cc nh lc siu vit Ngi t ti mt s an tr cao trong giai on tng qut bi do thc hnh cc cng nng thm diu trong su hay ba nm3. Thi

1BA33 rNam thar rgyas pa:96.17 - 97.1. 2BA34 Ba cp gii lut l Thanh Vn, B-tt, v Mt tha. 3BA35 Loch Rimbochay cho rng thc hnh cc cng nng thm diu

(rig pa brtul zhugs) tc l cc rn luyn ca ngi thc hnh Mt

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, sau khi nghe cc bn nhc mt in c ht bi cc Khng hnh n ti Oiyna, ngi ghi nh chng. c. Ngi Atia thnh tu trong rn luyn tr hu 1) Rn luyn tr hu thng thng Ngi t n mt tu gic hp nht gia thin nh v tr hu 2) Rn luyn tr hu siu vit Ngi t ti mt nh lc c bit ca giai on hon tt. Bt Thp K Tng vit:

R rng ngi thnh tu l trnh chun b Theo ng vi kinh in mt ch tha

c. Sau khi c c cc phm hnh cao qu, ngi Atia tip tc hong ha 1. Hnh trng ti n- Trong cung in v i gic ng Bodh-gaya1, ngi duy tn Pht php ba ln bng cch s dng cc gio php nh bi gio l ca cc trit gia ngoi Pht gio. Vi s tn trng n cc gio phi Pht gio cao ln thp, ngi thuyt ging su hn thng qua vic dn sch nhng sai lc ca v minh, nhng t kin, v nhng nghi ng. Vy nn cc gio phi khng cng h phi, xem ngi nh l mt bo trang. Nh trong Bt Thp K Tng:2

Trong thnh in ca ton gic Khi tt c t hp v

tng cao cp tng phn vi nhng ngi thng thng rng ngi trng nh mt tr.

1L thnh a Pht gio thuc bang Bihar n-. y chnh l ni c Pht Thch-ca Mu-ni nhp nit bn. Cn gi l B- o trng.

2BA36 rNam thar rgyas pa:40.13-16. Bn trang cui cng c trch dn ti 21.7-8.

74

Vi ging m ta s t hng Ngi lm bi ri tm trng tt c Nhng ai bnh vc cc tn iu thp km, Ca gio phi mnh v gio phi khc

Cng nh l:1 C ti Otantapri Hai trm mm mi tng s Ti vikramala hin din gn trm C bn truyn tha chnh2 u tham d Ngi khng cht kiu hnh trc cc truyn tha M tr nn bo trang ca tt c T chng ca cng mt bn s Trong mi lnh vc Thuc vng quc Magadha3 [9] V ngi truyn cc gio php chung Ca c mi tm b phi4 [v do l bt b phi]

1BA37 Ibid.: 92.13-93.1. Roerich (1979: 43) cc trch dn ca k ny

nh l ngun ch cho thy s suy tn nh th no ca Pht gio ti n trong vo thi gian ca Atia.

2BA38 Xem li ch thch 30 v cc gio phi chnh trong tiu tha 3BA39 T chng tc l bn loi ngi theo Pht gio gm: tng chng

(cc tu s nam), ni chng (cc tu s n), cc nam c s v cc n c s.

4Mi tm b phi c hnh thnh t bn truyn tha chnh. l: (1) Bt ngun t i Chng B gm: ng Sn Tr B, Ty Sn Tr B, Tuyt Sn B, Thuyt Xut Th B v Thuyt Gi B. (2) C ngun gc t Nht thit Hu B (Sarvastivadin) bao gm: Cn Bn Nht thit Hu B, m Quang B, Ha a B, Php Tng B, a Vn B v mt phn ca Phn Bit Thuyt B. (3) C ngun gc t Chnh Lng B, bao gm K Dn B, i Bt Kh Kh T B, v c T B. (4) C ngun gc t Thng ta b bao gm Ch a Sn B, V y

75

Mi ngi cng tu hc theo ngi.

2. Hnh trng ti Ty Tng Cc hong thn xut gia, ch v chu1, ni tip nhau gi hai dch gi n n l Gya-dzn-seng (brGya-brtson-seng)2 v Nag-tso Tshul-trim-gyal-wa (Nag-tsho-tshul-khrims-rgyal-ba). V h c nhng n lc rt ln mi ngi nhiu ln, Atia n Thng Nga-ri (mNga-ris) trong thi i ca chup- (byang-chub-od). c cho n ti , nhng th ch cu nguyn rng ngi c th tinh lc Pht php. Da trn li cu ny, ngi truyn ging su hn qua cc hot ng nh l son tho B- o ng Lun mt tc phm kt ni cc giai on tu tp li vi nhau, c ng nhng im mu cht ca kinh tha v mt ch tha. Hn th na, vi ba nm ti Nga-ri, chn nm ti Nye-tang (sNye-thang), v nm nm ti nhng ni khc trong (dBus) v Tsang (gTsang), ngi dy tt c cc gio php ca cc kinh vn trong kinh tha v mt ch tha cho cc t c c duyn3. Kt qu l ngi ti lp h thng tu hnh Pht gio vn b suy thoi; ngi tip thm sinh lc tr li cho nhng truyn thng m ch cn li mt cch lu m; v xa b s sai lc da trn nhng t kin. Do , ngi to ra nhng gio l qu gi khng b nhim.

Sn Tr B v i T Phi. Cc B Phi Pht Gio n Nalinaksha Dutt. Nguyn Tng dch. Chptr4 . PL.2015.

1BA40 H l vua Ye-shes-od (ye-shay-) sng v cui th k 9 u th k th 10, v Byang-chub-od (jang-chup-) sng trong tin bn th k th 11 tng l vua ca min Ty Ty Tng.

2BA41 brGya-brtson-grus-seng-ge mt nm 1041 trn ng v Ty Tng cng vi Atia.

3BA42 Ngag-dbang-rab-brtan (mChan: 29.4-6) cp ti vic c hai truyn thuyt v khong thi gian m Atia lu li ti Ty Tng. Mt cho rng ngi mi mt nm, thuyt khc m Tsongkhapa tin theo cho rng ngi ht mi by nm; c hai u xc nh ngi mt lc by mi ba tui.

76

Mt cch tng qut, cc i s tr danh Tch H v Lin Hoa Sinh du nhp h thng tu hnh pht gio vo X Tuyt [Ty Tng] trong giai on s khai ca s hong ha gio php1. Tuy nhin, v tr tr Trung Hoa l Ha-sang (Hva-shang)2 lm cho gio php b suy sp. ng ta khng hiu tnh Khng mt cch ng n v do ph bng yu t phng tin v ph nhn vic em bt k iu g vo tm thc, ngay c cc cng hnh. i s Tch H, sau cng bc b Ha-sang, thit lp ch ca ng iu Ng3; do , lng tt ca ngi to tt nht. Trong vic hong ha gio php sau ny ti Ty Tng, mt s ngi cho rng nhng hc gi v nh du-gi gi gii thch sai v ngha ca cc lp mt in. V th, h gy thit hi ln cho vic bo tn gii lut, ngun ci ca cc gio php. K xut chng ny [Atia] bc b h hon ton. Hn na, ngi lm cho cc li lm ca h tiu bin v sau hi phc li gio php hon m. [10] Bi vy, s t t ca ngi nh hng rng n tt c ngi sng X Tuyt. Xa hn na, tc gi ca cc lun gii v ch ca bc Thnh gi phi nn c c 3 phm cht. l, tc gi cn (1) thng tho

1Tch H (skt. ntarakita), 750-802, l mt Cao tng n thuc

truyn tha Trung Qun tng, ngi truyn b Pht php sang Ty Tng thi k u. S qu ti Bengal (ng Bc n) v l ging s ti vin Nland. Ngi n Ty Tng c thy hai ln, trong ln th hai i cng cng vi Lin Hoa Sinh. Ln , s hong ha 13 nm ti Ty Tng.

Lin Hoa Sinh (skt. padmasambhava, padmakra) l mt i s n sng vo th k th 8. Ngi c cng truyn Mt tng sang Ty Tng v sng lp phi Ninh M (Nyingma) l mt trong bn tng phi ln nht y. Tn Padmasambhava c ngha l sinh t hoa sen. Ngi thng c gi l Guru Rinpoche.

2Ha-sang cn c phin m l Ha Thng. 3Tc l c Pht.

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nm ti ca tri thc1; (2) lm ch c cc gio php m l cc im mu cht cho vic tu tp theo ngha ca cc ti v tri kin Pht gio c truyn giao trong mt truyn tha khng t on qua cc truyn nhn xut chng t c Pht ton ho truyn xung; v (3) c chun y cho php son tho lun gii tri qua s th kin v mt gic th c chn trc. Mt ngi c bt k phm cht no trong ba iu k trn c th son tho mt lun gii, v trng hp l tng l c c ba phm cht. Ngi i s ny c ph cho c ba phm cht nh sau: 1. V vic cc gic th c chn ca ngi h tr cho ngi, Bt Thp K Tng nu2:

V c cc th kin v nhn c chun y T Hevajra cao qu Trisamayavyharja3, Qun Th m dng mnh Thnh gi v tn s Tr1, v v.v...

1BA43 Nm ti ca tri thc m mt hc gi cn thng tho l: Pht

gio (nang rig pa), phi Pht gio (phyii rig pa), vn phm v lun l (sgra gtan tshigs), cc ngh thut (bzo), v y hc (gso ba). C trng hp danh mc ca nm ti c chia thnh: kin thc Pht gio, vn phm, lun l, cc ngh thut v y hc.

2BA44 rNam thar rgyas pa: 4.4-8. Dng th nm, venerable tr, and so forth, c ct b v l li sao chp. Trong ch gii theo cu ny, rNam thar rgyas pa lit k su gic th chnh (thugs dam gyi gtso bo) ca Atia l -la tn (skt. Tr, tib. Jo-mo sGol-ma), Qun Th m (skt. Avalokitevara, tib.Phags-pa sPyan-ras-gzigs), Bt ng a (skt. cala, tib. Mi-g yo-ba), -li-tam-mui-da Trang nghim vng (skt. Trisamayarjavyharja; tib. Dam-tshig-gsum-bkod-pai-rgyal-po), Lun Cm (skt. cakrasavara, tib. bDe-mchog-khor-lo) v H Kim Cng (skt. Hevajra tib. dPal dGyes-pa-rdo-rje).

3Dch Vit l Tam Mui Hoa Nghim Mt in.

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Ngi lun lng nghe li gio hun tuyt lun Ca nhng tri kin thm diu v hnh nghip i t bi Trong m hay trc tip.

2. V cc dng truyn tha ca cc v o s2, c hai truyn tha: tng qut [cho c Tiu tha v i tha] v ring ca i tha. Trong dng i tha, li chia lm hai: Bt-nh tha v Mt ch tha. Trong Bt-nh tha c hai ln phn chia truyn tha v tri kin thm diu v truyn tha v cc hnh nghip3 v trong dng Phng tin ny tch xung k t ngi Di-lc v t ngi Vn-th-s-li, to nn ba dng truyn tha trong Bt-nh tha. Xa hn, ring v Mt ch tha, c nm h thng truyn tha4. Thm vo , cn c cc dng truyn tha nh dng cc gio thuyt, dng cc h lc, v dng ca nhiu php mn. Atia c ph cho cc gio php t rt nhiu dng k trn. Cc o s m Atia nhn

1Tr (Tib. ), ngha l: 'Thnh N ngi gic ng' mt gic th th

hin trong dng n lin quan n cc hnh vi t bi v gic ng. C nhiu dng Tr nh l Tm v Tr H tr khi s s hi v 21 v Tr nhng v ph bin nht l v h thn Lc Tr (Tr c thn hnh mu xanh lc) v Bch Tr h tr cho s trng th. Tng truyn l khi thy Tr th hin t cc git nc mt ca c Qun Th m (skt. Avalokitevara). Tara. Rigpa Shedra. Truy cp: 16/06/2011.

. 2Cc dng truyn tha ny khng b gin on tnh t c Pht Thch-

ca-mu-ni truyn xung (Sopa vol1 p.40). 3Truyn tha Tri kin thm diu cn c gi l truyn tha Tr hu v

truyn tha v cc hnh nghip cn c gi l truyn tha Phng tin.

4BA45 Nm truyn tha bao gm: Dng truyn chung cho mi gio php mt in, truyn tha B Mt Tp Hi (skt. Guhyasamja), dng Mu Thn, dng Ph Thn, dng Mt in Hnh ng v Du gi, v dng Dim Vng Bt ng hay Dim-mn-c-ca (skt. Yamntaka) (Sopa Vol1 p .41).

79

c gio hun trc tip, theo Nag-tso nu ra l1:

Nhng guru m ngi lun tin nhn thnh tu nhng tri kin tinh thn; nhiu v l: nti-pa v Ser-ling-ba Bhadrabodhi, v Jnari2 V, bit l, ngi thnh tu Cc gio php tri kin thm diu v hnh nghip i t Chuyn xung qua nhiu th h t Long Th. [11]

Ting vang l ngi c mi hai o s nhng ngi thnh tu cc tri kin tinh thn, v cng c nhiu s ph khc. 3. S tinh thng v nm ti ca tri thc c gii thch trc y. Do , i s ny c th xc nh c ch ca ng iu Ng. i s ny vi nhng phm cht trn c s t ng khng tng tng ni ti Kashmir, Oiyna, Nepal v Ty Tng. Ni v cc t ng u nhng ni ny, th ti n-, c bn hc gi Bi-do-ba (Bi-to-pa), Dharmkarmati, Mahyasinha, v Kitigarbha tt c u c tri kin tng ng vi ngi Trng Lo [Atia]. Mt s ngi cng bao gm thm Mitraguhya nh l hc gi th nm. Ti Nga-ri, c dch gi Rin-chen-sang-bo (Rin-chen-bzang-po), dch gi Nag-tso, v hong thn xut gia Jang-

1BA46 Trch dn trong rNam thar rgyas pa:21.17-22.2. on ngay trc

l mt phin bn c ng ca phn 6-21 trong rNam thar rgyas pa. Cc phn tng ng vi 3 on tip theo c th tm thy trong rNam thar rgyas pa cc phn:6.3, 18.16 v cc phn tip sau ca chng cng nh l trong 225.1-226.8.

2Cc tn gi nti-pa, Ser-ling-ba (hay Dharmarakshita), Bhadrabodhi, v Jnari ln lt c tn dch ngha l Tch Tnh, Php H, Gic Hin (hay B- Hin) v Ct Tng Tr.

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chup-. Ti Tsang, c Gar-gay-wa (Gar-dge-ba) v G-kuk-ba-hlay-dzay (Gos-khug-pa-lhas-btas). Ti Hlo-drak (lHo-brag), c Chak-ba-tri-chok (Chag-pa-khri-mchog) v Gay-wa-gyong (dGe-ba-skyong). Ti Khams c Nal-jor-ba-chen-bo (rNal-byor-pa-chen-po), Gn-ba-wa (dGon-