Danjel Dzino - Constructing Illyrins

5/21/2018 Danjel Dzino - Constructing Illyrins

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Cosuctig Illyins:Pehstoc Ihabtats of the Balka Pesla

Erly Modem ad Modem Peceptios

Dj DzoMacquare Universty

Syney utrala

The ace, pe-Roma habas of he ceal ad wese Balka Pesla("llyas as hey wee poplaly kow ogho hsoy) have o ecevedsgica aeo mode scholashp Osde he llya ego modeCoaa (excldg !sa osa ad Hezegova Moeego nd Albaa pa1of Slovea Hgay ad Seba hese dgeos gops have bee aelydscssed moe ece mes. he hey ae dscssed, s o sal o see

hem mode scholashp as he lmae "Ohes sages o he Geeks

Romas ad ee o oe aohe? Thee s ohg ew clamg ha acellyas ae a hsocal cosc developed GecoRoma aqy adpeeaed dee coexs rom ealy mode mes o he mos ecehso. Howeve hs seems o be he oly wellesablshed geeal acasceaed by he scholashp abo hese commes o, as Wlkes wes, " ..we ca asse w codece oly ha llyas wee o a homogeos ece3 Followg s dobedly mpoa evelao, coempoay vews of

hese commes ema peeal lmbo balaced bewee mally opposgpecepos ofhe ad heeogeey4

Ths acle wll exploe he pecepos of llyas ate aqy whpacla emphass o he ways hs em was copoaed wh coempoadey dscoses popla ad scholaly pecepos as a way o clam he pasKowledge abo he dgeos poplao ad geogaphy of he ego waspaally peseved ogho lae nqy ad e ealy Mddle Ages As sch was he ma soce of fomao abo he pas of hese egos especally

befoe mode acheologcal eseach saed o eeal he maeal cle o heces habg hs ego e peRoma ad Roma ea Thskowledge became seul maeal fo lae wes rom he ego, helpg hem

o clam he pas ad jsY he pese fo a age o pposes cldg vaospolcal agedas ad dey dscoses Fo osdes ace kowledge abo


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2 DIEL DZNO

Iyas was fo a og me a po of hsoca efeece sed a mae o so

dee rom ace wes who woe he eogaphc mode. Ifomaoom dee poos o kowedge was combed ad chose ode o s he

ppose of wg ad fom a pecepo o he ego ad s habas5 Eaymode ad omacs pecepos of Iyas ema fascag maea fo

aayss becase of he sophscaed ways whch he kowedge of Iyas was

sed ad copoaed wh so may dffee eeca coexs. Howeve,

eve he peod 945-199, whe schoa eseach o he pehsoc

popao o hs ego was pobaby a s pea, coempoay deoogca adey dscoses wee cog o affec he pecepos of Iyas, as hey do

oday

Deeopmen oAnen Knowedge ao yrans

Ace owedge abo yas exss sevea dfee coexs o

deposoes of kowedge: he geopoca abeg of hs wde aea, Geco

Roma ehogaphy of he dgeos popao ad he hsoca oe o ew

may ees om Daba ads he ae Roma Empe. The yas

ay ied he oe of a babaa mo o Geek cvzao, a aaogy fo

he sdy of Geece mag by opposo paca qaes of he Geeks

Ths Iya was cosced as a ma ego sg bewee he kow ad

ow wod is he GecoRoma ad ae wese magao6

Ace dscose o yas deveoped sevea dffee ways The is was

he veo of yas Geek eay ad popa dscose o he ceao ofa abe fo he dgeos popao vg o he wese Geek bodes,

expadg ove me o cde he sohe Adac ad iay he spacebewee he sohe Aps, he Adac ad he Dabe The abe yrans haddee meags dee hsoca coexs hogho aqy he same

way as dd he geopoca coscs devg om , sch as Iyra o yrm

Howeve, dscose o yas aso deveoped domas of ace

ehoaphy, whee fomao gaheed a pocess of eae ca exchagead was pocessed eeca cces of he Heesc ea a 3 BCMos ehogaphc omao abo "Iya ads was gaheed he aea

was iay coeed by he Romas he ae s cey BC ad eay 1scey A.D The eay mpea peod pca he s ad 2d cey D,

esed he mos sgca woks ha comped ad pocessed avaabe


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g p p

ONSTRUCTING LLRIANS 3

infoation within dint ancint it gns This appis pticuay to th

oaph Stabo nccopadist Piny th Young and histoian Appian ofAxandia Ths accounts w not th ony ons but th fact that thy wtansmittd thouh th witn tadition of at antiquity and a mdiva timsmans that thy had bcom a co of tnogaphic knowdg on Iyians andyian ands togth with occasiona fncs in poty accounts of thRoman was aainst indinous communitis o bits and pics of infomationabout Roman povincia communitis i Damatia and Pannonia

Th cuitmnt of th indignous popuation into Roman gions on thPannonian lmes wch potctd th Roman Empi was th bginning of th isof a nw miitay it duing th Midd Empi kown as th yicii Thswas an idntity which fomd in th units of th Roman amy composd of sodiswho w bo in a simia cutua n of Roman povincs om amon thAps Adiatic Danub c and Back Sa Som of ths sodis hadindignous oigins; oths w dscndd om stts coming to ths gionsom Itay o oth pas of th Empi Touh th assumption of Roman vausthy dvopd i own spcic constuction of Romannss psntingthmsvs as th potctos of Rom and Roman vaus Th is to a positionof pow fo th Danubia ions occud in th at 2nday 3d cntu whith Roman cisis of th 3d cnt and th is of miita mpos sutd in anumb of Roman sodimpos bing subsqunty chosn om among thanks of th Iyiciani

Medeal and Early Mode Illyrans

As statd ai th tm lyrm suvivs w into mdiva tims but ony asa way fo outsids to fom pcptions of th ion btwn th Danub andAdiatic Sa and its popuation Th foundation of nw discouss coud b datdto th 9th cnt a tim of cutua tansfomations in Wst Euop Latinanguag soucs om th ay mdiva Wst (Fankish d ntian inpaicua) with xcptions imagind th oca popuation though cint

tmpats such as Iyians" Damatians and 'Pannonians Howv mo andmo qunty thy optd to us mo cnt idntity abs such as Savs"Byzantin soucs ittn in Gk took somwhat diffnt statis of appoachA good xamp is De Admnsrando mpero (DA a foin poic manuawitn und th auspics of th mpo Constantin II Pophognitus in th


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4 DIL DZNO

md-Oh cen. Compaed wh he Faksh and Venean soces DA s

dobed mch moe specc n ecognzng he enc of oca gops,ahogh was o mmne rom occasona ses of ance de empaes omoe ece geneaaos sch as he Savs11 ve me he abe "Ianssow opped o of se nea ad exea whe ohe den abes

wee se n paca Savs Coas Sebs Damaans ecWe aso have some med sgh no he oca ndesadng and

nepeao of he pas a de and he Ian pas wee o cosdeed

mpoan eogh hs peod o be camed b an gop Fogg ks wh heRoman pas ad de was mch moe sgnican amog he Romancspeakgnhabans of Damaan owns, who even cosced a specic "Roma denfo hemseves Especa neesng wee he soes foged o hep hehabans of Spaam (Sp) and Ragsm (Dbovnk) o cam he ancen

heage of Roman Saoa (Son) and Epdam (Cava) depopaed n aeaq These naaves appea he wen soces as ea as he mdO

ce (chapes 2935 of DA b aso n he Histo o the ishops oSalonaand Spalatm l as Historia Salonitana (H we b Thomas eAchdeaco of Spaam (200260/6) The man ppose of was o pese ahso of he chch n Spaam and o jsy meeva Spaam as he ega ands he o he acen meopoan see of Saona. a sho naave of he peChsan hso of Damaa and Saoa chapes ad 2 of HS Thomasmagned he habans of ancen Saona as hs acesos: Romans Thendgenos popaon was peceved and depced as "babaans ogh he se

of eemes of ance dscose as Thomas was wacqaed wh he woks ofLca Vg Hoace vd ad Fos ad he efeeces o Damaa Hspoaa of he ace ndgenos popaon epesens a pede o hedepcons of he Coas and ohe Savophoe gops of hs me who wee

peceved as he ma hes owad whom he Spaaa ee dened heden1 Anohe nlena oca wok om hs me he Chronile o PresyterDoleas dd o ake an oce of he dgeos popaon begng s

paa icona aave posRoman mes.The oos of ea mode an dscose can be seen n he coex of

sma deas ccang n ae medeva and ea mode Eope The neecaees of Damaan ows is saed o abadon medeva naaves abo hepas n he 5h and 6h cenes Ths neeca cseng of wha modeeseaches ca "Ian deoogem occed de he ence of deas


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eseaches ca Ian deoogem occed de he ence of deas

CONSTRUTG LL ANS 5

deeopg wh he medea Posh kgdom (Samaa deoogem ad amog

he Gemaspeakg eea ee (Teo deoogem, whh boh sed hetopos ha he se of a ommo agage eles a ommo dey of hespeakes. Esseay, he ew dsose was aempg o os a oy

of dees bewee he ae ad medea Saophoe popao, so ha he

Sas wee yazed ad yas wee Sazed ad maged as de

aesos. Wh e Ooma peeao of he Baka Pesa ad espeayate he oqess of he Bosa kgdom (43 ad he dhy of Hezegoa

(Hm (488, he wde ego beame a zoe o ese ol. The eaymode Sa-speakg oa eeas om egos de Veea o

Habsbg e osed yaess as a way o eam he pas ad egoae

he dey, posog hemsees opposo o he Ohes sh as

Hgaas, Oomas, aas ad Gemas osg hs eay mode

ya dey was aso a way o seek foeg eeo (Habsbg, Veea,

Spash, whh wod eape om Ooma e ad y he Soh Sa(ya egos o a sge ya Empe

The ogs of hs dsose a be od a he begg of he 5h

ey. The eaes eoded sae s he exp abeg of eaa

agage as ya by a oay pb Zada a dome daed Ags 3,

403. The mos mpoa epeseaes of eay mode ya dsose ae,

amog ohes, Damaa eeas sh as Geogs Sezgoes (Jaj go,

a 444509, Aes Lampds es (ja je 434520 oVes Pboes (Vko Pboje, d ae 532 he eay sages, hs

was js a aemp o esabsh oy wh he pas, so ae ames ndehoyms wee eed aogsde oempoay oes, as he ase of Sezgoes

De st lyrae et tate Sen Dg ae sages, eay mode yasmsessuy osed gee ad gs oy ad oeos

amog he peRoma dgeos popao, Roma ym ya sode

empeos, mgag gops om ae aqy, medea Soh Sa dees

ad he eay mode Saophoe popao. Bba aesy was aqed

hogh Gome, so of Japhe, gadso of Noah, ad assa aesy hoghAppa's myhooga geeaogy of yas The heae of he ae

Maedoa ad Roma Empes was aso amed hogh a e pege o

Aexade he Gea ad he ya empeos of Rome, ad eay hsay

hogh ya sas sh as S. Jeome ya deoogem osed a spa

aoa Sa dey based o ew paadgms of ommo ya aesy ad


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a a S a d y as d paad gms f mm y a a sy ad

6 DNIJEL DZIO

shaed Savc agages. I eaed ve csve s as phses ad

addo o he So Savc aos, cded ohe Savopoe aos sc as hePoes Czecs ad Rssas.

Sc deas appe tcaed as ea as he oao of Pboevs, eedDe orgne suessbusque Slavorum pbshed 1532. The os leaaave w s dscose s pobab he wok reno degl Slav we bRagsa Mavo Ob d 16) ad pbshed 1601. Ob cosced hscopex wok, kg he bbca ace ad ae qe pass wh hsoca

aaves of e edeva dases of Seba Bosa Coaa Bgaa adHeegova (H). He sed exsg dscose o pese e Savs as peope whoave a hsoca des o eca he ace hoead (Roa Ic) rohe Ooas. Ea ode Ias was e appopaed dffeeeeca ad poca coexs sch as Sovea Poesas ad Caoccoe-efoao aaa ad coea Coaa. I he aes sagesa deooge was eodeed ad sed fo e aowe Coa ad Seb

aoa pafos b Pavao Re Vezov (652713) ad Co oeBakov (16651711) especveYOsde pecepos ro s peod reqe eged e pese ad

ace pas o a sge aave, agg Ias as cog he dead lyra as a coos space ce deposoes of owedge abo hsego wee sppeeed wh oe ece ews ad foao asg oade ad ohe pes of coacs ad eacos These pecepos oecoespoded sape b o essece wh ea ode Ia deooge,

dscssed eae Fo exape, Ia ad Ias Egsh ogh of he 5had 6h cees wee abes fo Savocspeakg poes ad he popaoswho abed ace Ia ads. Shakespee's paes o Ia ae weow ad eos. Te wee based o ace kowedge ad he poes agao b aso beoged o coepoa exa dscose abo he ego,so he wee o as kow o s adece as oe g k a washese pecepos coed he appoach o ace soces: ew owedge

esabshed ew aaves whch exsed addo o ace deposoes ofkowedge. These ew aaves wee pepeaed ad ased ewccsaces, fo exape e opos of edec Adac pac eleced Sakespeaes eo of argulus the Strong lyran Prate

ohe eeca sea appeaed he 17h ce wh he hsoaad aqaa Johaes Lcs (Iva 604679) o Tog ad he


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ad aqaa Johaes Lcs (Iva 604679) o Tog ad he

CONSTRUTNG ILLANS 7

eeca cce aod hm. he sgcace of Lcs fo he ae

hsoogaph of hs ego s eomos, ad s o spsg ha he ssomemes caed he "fahe of oaa cca hsoogaph Lcs ebeedagas he paadgms of he pas esabshed b e mode a deoogem,ad pac agas he domag ece of Ob's Il regno degl Slavo coempo hsoogaph. Hs mos sgca ad ea wok s Dereo Dalmatae et Croatae (De rego) he s edo beg pbshed 666ad coveg he ace ad medeva hso of Damaa. Usg pecedeed

schoa ccsm, Lcs examed ad comped he exsg soces o acohesve hsoca aave, g o show ad cosc a aave abo heogs, deveopme ad cog poca sovee of amaa hoghhso. He sed he evdece rom DAI as cow evdece o cam a cea beakbewee aq ad ea medeva mes amaa, wh he excepo of

amaa ows The book seos demed pevos ea modeaaves whch focsed o dee saeges sed o cam he heace of heace pas ads 19

Fo he pese dscsso, s mpoa o oe ha Lcs gaheed a

age poo of svvg ce kowedge of s ad cm ad sed hs aave o amaas eaes hso. Lcs combed hs owedgeoccasoa wh Roma scpos rom he aea ha he hmsef saw ad woedow (De regno .6 ed. K-Makv). s paca mpoa ha amogohe soces he exesve ced ace Geekagage woks, cdgHeesc pepo of psedoScax ad psedoScs, Sabo d especa

Appa's an sto Lcs s pobab he s schoa who desood hahe em lyrum was coexa aq, aeg s meag deehsoca coexs De reo .3 esp. .3.25 d ha he em Illyrans hado oga bee apped o a dgeos gops cm (5.454. Hewas mos eesed coscg he aave of Roma coqes (.262846he ocao of paca dgeos gops ad especa he ocao ofamaawh ace cm. De regno does o pace mch emphass o ace

ehogaphes of a ads. O a few seeopes abo as spped oLcs s aave, sch as he oo ha he dgeos popao s wake(..484 o he moe geea d eqe meo of qee ea's mulebrmprudenta (552 .7374 47?

Lcss aave was expaded ad copoaed o he momeapojec lyrum sarum saed b he aa Jes Fppo cep (667742


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pojec lyrum sarum saed b he aa Jes Fppo cep (667 742

ANIJEL ZINO

continued by his successor Danee Farati 1690-1773) and nished by JacopoCoeti 734127) Ts work was pubished n eght volumes wth the primaryntention of depctng the histo of Christianity and the Chuch n Ilricumfoowng similar earier works such as Gemania opochono-semmao-gaphicasaca e poana b ucceinus or alia saca by Ughei. n imporant par ofthe inoduction to volume I started by Rceputi but nshed and pubished byFarlati 1753 is devoted to the hstory of pre-Cristan and ancent Ilyrcum andDamata iceputi orginally caled this par of the ntoducton llyici pagai

However in a nal verson Farlati divided it into two pars and renamed to/egomenon) De llyico nd olegomenon) De Dalmaia whch togetherntroduced the tex wit the thrd part olegomenon) De /lyica e Dalmaicaecc/esia Ths was in accordance with Farat's ntenton to imit llyicum sacumon ancent Dalmata excuding Aquiea Noricum and Pannonia which wereorignall ntended to be included by Rceputi. Riceput and Farati thus colctedin one pace te most compete coection of ancient knowedge about Iyrian

ands constructng this incredibly mpant compex and nuenta narativeabout ts erlest history The utlzed a massve amount of avaabe wittensources with sporadic use of epgraphic and numismatic evidence and critcalyassessed them although with ess rigdty and criticism of the sources as compared

to uciusThe rst two pars of the noducton to /lyicum sacum represent the al

stage of early mode ntelecual discourse on Illyrans and the ancent past ofIlyrian lands. It s most unfortunate that ths segment did not receive more

schoary attenton in the context of ts inuence on ater schoarshp and theauthors perceptions of the past. There is no space to provde a morecomprehensibe anaysis here but ony to comment on a few important things.Riceput and Farati developed a compact naratve om agmentary sources nd

ther own imagination teling a story about the origs and the earlest history ofthe Iyrin ands They were quite keen on folowig ancient authorties n therattempts to provde and conrm mythoogica genealogies and oigines of te

Ilyrians. This can be seen cearly trough tracig the oigines of pelasganIlyrians om Heraces' son Hylus nd his descendant Hyllaei but aso trough

the stories of Greek mythologica heroes such as admus and Domedes on teAdriatic etc. collectng the peces of ancient kowledge iceputi and Fraticonstructed new or expnded upon exsting stores (usually arising om ucus'snatve) some of which have impacted scholarship unt recenty


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natve) some of which have impacted scholarship unt recenty

ONSCTNG LL IS 9

h nunta tav ia ofVntan Abb Ab oti (1741183

aggo n almaa ubih n ngh un th tit Taels no almaaa not o iotant n th oc of coiation an cation of ancintnog" about ian H v of antqut td to h onaxnc of a f Roan it uing hi viit to Vntianu coataDaatia h nt Roan u a th hght of aatia go Hovh itig ha a icant an ongatig iact on th ction of tgon cia hi cton a ction of th Moacch Moacchi

th t hich vo a an outi nttab an a u fo thChitan ouation o at of th Daatan hntan takn bVnc oh Ooan a h ac of Caotz (Kovc in 699 oicton of th Moacchi a xotc nob avag hh ho v thountan a on of faton ton fo th vont o tcou on th Bakan in th 19th an a 2th cntu h ivion btncoata ct an ta ountan o hnta h to ofvong cvization an ti babait bo n th juxtaotion oaaian cti an h Moacchi. h ion of onat nchoa thought a at a an Bau A th a t a bo it ao igncant act v an cton of an in att

lans n he 1h and h enres

a on ction of Ian tabih th ntcua founaton onhch built o cnt ction of h ingnou ouation of tt an cnta Bakan Pninua Th vo oigna thoughantiquaian xoation a gna vva of ntt in th caca Gco-Roano a th att to tabih unbokn contnu ith ancint ti anca th at aong gona ntcua Paia v kog foantiqu a t on an cat into n an cohiv naatv of th at,uch a that of ucu e egno o h touction to l am ich

bcoing n otoi of knog fo u gnatonnttaton hazng IianSavc contnu ou b jct b atchoah foong a cv aai hi t acuat b uciu ha of anSavc contnuit ain nt n th t haf of th 9thcntu hough th hov Iian ovnt in Coata (ea. 1831843


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1 ANIJEL ZINO

b Ludeit Gaj and hi follower who appropriated earl mode lianideologem for the Croatian national platfom following in the foottep ofViteoi The Illian moement wa an impoant inpiration for the Croatinerion of Yugolaim deeloping within the intellectual circle urrounding thearchbihop of>aoo Joip Jura Joeph Georg) Stromaer a generation later

Neerhele the iew that Illrian were a ditinctie cultural and identitunit in antiquit will remain par of the dicoure epeciall aer the newdicipline of paleolinguitic etablihed Illian a a precuror to the Albanian

language on the bai of e modet eidence The exitence of Illrian a aeparate language clearl uggeted to 19th-centr cholar that Illrian onceexited a a eparate identi In addition the ael diarie of Foi etablihedimportnt new reference point which would be elaborated on b later traeler in

the region uch a the Englihman Arthur Ean The ancient population becomea reection of Forti noble aage the Morlacchi if not their genetic ancetor

then cetainl a their ancetor in hsoe des menals Some parallel beween

the ancient and more recent population of the Dinaric Alp were o deepl rootedin cholarl perception that the hae onl recentl been challenged n excellentexample i the preumption that the ancient population wa orgied in a ocialtem imla to that recorded in the earl mode-era Diric range

Heregoina Montenegro and Albania) baed on in-related brotherhoodhaas) and tribe5

It i important to note that thee earl naatie were heail dependent onwritten ource before the 19th centu The reearch of material eidence imilar

to a maori of other European countrie wa limited to the amateur eot ofatiquarian who were collecting the item decribing he ruin and writing doaailable incription The iibilit and monuentalit ceainl priilegedRoman proincial remain i the region a o litle remain le b the indigenoupopulation would be iible without more focue excaation Moreoer it ier important to note that the tradition of antiquaianim wa hown differentl indifferent region In Sloenia and Croatia antiquarian tradition deeloped on

imilar ground and about the ame time a elewhere in wete andMediteanean Europe epeciall in Dalmatia For thi reaon achaeologicalintittion and reearch deeloped much fater in the eal 19th centurHoweer in the fomer Ottoman poeion onia Heregoina Serbia andMontenegro antiquarianim wa rae and reearch on the material wa poorletablihed before the later 19th centur when Serbia and Montenego became


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etablihed before the later 19th centur when Serbia and Montenego became

COSRG LLlAS 1

ams pcpaes (ae depede ces) ad Bsa ad

Hezegva a c e Habsbg AsaHga e sae sd be sad e devepme acaeg s eg, wc dd w wesemdes b deveped specc was26

e ava 19ce wese mac aasm sgaed edevepme me spscaed ad eve me dvese aaves aess. Sme wee csced b sdes, ad es wee deveped ad

b w ega de dscses, te mpacg eac e. e me

ece pas, sca peceps e as wee sma peceps ma e pesc gps sed b mde deges sy pese de

cscs27 ee ae sica deeces beee sde ad sdedscses O e ad, e sde pecep a peced eess, ee maczg be savages m e Bakas, , me dec, pca

eess ca pwes, sc as e "cvzg mss AsaHga Bsa ad Hezegva.28 O e as 0-60 eas ave pdced a mecee, b s qaave mdes, cps eseac as. Regapeceps eeced e aemps bd e ce pas w ew aadscses Oe e a mvemes aa was e g sccessu Hweve, ew S Savc sca aaves deveped e

eeca cces ad e acbsp Sssmae, paca e wks sa F Rak ad gs Vasav ag. e csced a meacceped dscse e ea medeva Savc mgas sease Epeas a saed s e S Savs, eegag as a mc ess

sic ps.2

uside Pecepions Romanicism and Colonialism

Bs avees e 19 ce deveped e vews e as ewde cex dscse e alkans a ew cdewd e cmmesm e Omaed egs Epe, csced bewee ppsg ea

pjecs e Wes ad Oe. e cs Bs avees was iscceaed Abaa ad e Abaas. Sme ese avees, sc as W.

eake, eced e vew e Abaas as dec descedes aceas, b as as a pe ves nce Geeks, pe a e Geeks wwee camaed b e cees Oma e. Oe sd ge ecb e Fec dg e apec e Damaa, bes see e


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cb e Fec dg e apec e Damaa, bes see e

12 L ZO

1802 pbca Voyage pioesque e hisoique de l Isie e de la Dalmaie Afew hes sch as J Gade Wks aveed hgh aaa he shaf f he 9h ce. s w ves Dalmaa and Moneneo r 1848

pa scace ae as dawg fa ab he ace pass r aas aave

The s fas avee s cea S Ah Evas hewse mw ashe dscvee f he nsss ad Ma cvza. e aveed hghAsa aaa d s Oa-ed hed dg he ezegv

psg (18751878 f he Chsas (s Sebs agas he Ms addsad Oa e ad he sbseqe ccpa f Bsa ad Hezegva bAsaHga Evas was s eesed cepa eves sgspahzg wh he case f he ebes b he as pvdes a vvd descp fhe adscapes d achaegca eas deed hsca backgd adehgaph ec. He depcs bh Bsa ad Hezegva as saed egswhe hs sg ephass achevees f he ace Ias ad he hs

f he edeva Bsa kgd seves sae hs age ha he e fhe Oas was epessve ad backwad ad ha shd have eded 31Evass awas csse hs evaa f he pas b he dea ha Savc"babaas ccped ad heed he ace cvza f Rasca d geeca reqe ces p hs wgs Evasccasa cwedges ha he Abaas ae ue descedes f Ias b add as ges he habas f he ac Aps pac fshe aaa Hezegva ad Meeg as dec descedes f I

Ras. I s ssg ha he ess reqe he es lyian adlyians f he 19hce ppa f Caa aaa Bsa adezegva ad he agages. Sch a p pbab eced h seehe pvcas f Ra aa as saed ece csevave ad reedvg ke hs peceps f he pepe wh habed hese egs he9h ce Evas as spped he dea f Savc f whch he dsgd spp ephaszg Ia r he pas hs Ued Ia 33

Resace fEvass peceps ca be aced peceps fs he Agphe schashp f he 20h ce The ves f reedghg(especa efced b he e ece eape f gsav pasa geaghg he Secd Wd Wa csevavs ad ca f hedges ppa s ccasa appeaed scha peceps s cabe see hs qe


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be see hs qe

ONSTUCTING L S

Th Dnac gon of Ygosava compss som of mostmpnrab conty anywh n Eop Its habtas nvsbmtd to a cna athoty as oca oyats pva and hagmntd tan hnds contact vn btwn adacntcomnts y th sam tokn sstanc to th wod-bconqo has aways bn dtrmnd; th sggs of PanonanIyrans aganst th omans and hos of th Montngrs aganst

th Tks w matd by Ygosavs drng th Scond WodWa

13

Mod hstoogaphy and achaoogy cvd th songst ntamps om h woks of Grmanophon schoashp n th 9th and ay thcns concdng wth h Gman and Habsbg potca and coona ntstsn sothast Eop Zpp ot a monogaph on th oman conqsts nIyrcm yng mosty on th ntptaton of tary socs Ths book was ofvy hgh standads fo th pod and qnt fncng n at woks showsthat t stabshd fondatons fo th contmpoay hstoca naatv of thoman conqst of th gons dgnos cots bt aso sach ofpotca nstttons among ths conts jst bfo th Roman conqst5

Eqay mporant and nnta on schoay thoght was h socad"Panyan dscos Th Gman achaoogst Gstaf Kossnna postatdmassv mgatons of th at on Ag Uds towad sohast Eop

and th Aga Sa H ascbd h ogns of hs Uds to th Lsatanand Soh-Gman Ud cs who w n hs opnon pshd om thby vctoos Gmans movng om Jtand n 18-7 C Kossnnasntptaton of h tncy of ths cts vad ov tm bt n on nstanch ascbd h Lsatan ct to th Iyans Ths "sovd wo sss at hsam tm Fst t dd whn and om wh th ancstos of h Gmassd n many Scond t mad h dscndants of p-Gan nhabtants of

Gmany th ndct fonds of cassca Gk cvaton whch s n compac wth hs opon that Cnta Eopa phstoy was not nfo toth Mdtranan cs Kossnna dw hs vws om contmpoay Gmanand oth wst Eop sach whch saw h Iyrans as a dstnct IndoEopan ngstc grop and n accodanc wth 9th-cntry vws as a dstnct"aca catgoy


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aca catgoy

4 DL DZO

Gea paeogss sch as ahe a Poko ehsasca accepehe eas o Kossa, g o jsy a seghe hese vews b povgpaeogsc evece o assve pehsoc gaos ahe evse hsopos o he seco voe o hs s o he a agage pbshe 964, whe becae obvos ha Paa posos wee eabe. CaSchchha ook a sgh ee epeao ha Kossa He beeveGeas ro he Lasz ce gae soh a use wh e eohcaba popao (pooIs), ceag Ias. The basc ea o

Ias as he Uees a oe o he a pacpas he Aegeagaos ece schoashp o ecaes, eve ae 945, whe Kossawas age abaoe schoa eae, sce hs vews wee ebace bhe az ege (ahogh he hse e 1931)

A hs e, a sgca cops o Gea schoa woks eveope ohe ace hso a pehso o Coaa a especa Bosa aHezegova, a vg ea o achaeoogss po o he AsoHgaa

akeove b he Ooas 1878 Whe ees Sovea a Coaa pehso a ace hso eveas poca eess, as e wee pa oAsaHga, e achaeoog was cae o pa b ocaachaeoogss Howeve, he sao was sgca ee Bosa aHezegova, whee achaeoog eveope as a cooa scpe ae 1878. he cose o a ew ecaes o ocse a we-ue achaeoogca,ahopoogca a ehogaphc wok, hee ese a sgca cos o sro Roa a eeva es, b paca o pehso. Aaas

a ea achaeoogss he wese pas o Ia as ocse o e oevsbe a oe aba Roa povca s eRoa coes weeovea sice kow, so hese scovees AsoHgaa Bosa aHezegova wee cca o eveopg a ea achaeoogca pce o peRoa Ias

Ahogh eve as ea as Gea hsoogaph, oe Iaschoashp was aso eese eveopg a paca aave o I

pehso. Reseach was ocse o esabshg s bewee e pehsocVee a Ias poecg Iaa poca eess e aaa coashogh he eveopg coo pehso o oh Ia a sAacegos The cao pobab cae wh Iaa achaeoogca eess Abaa he 190s a 930s Resech was ocse paca o gevece o Aeeas aveg o Ia va Aba povg a eesg


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evece o Aeeas aveg o Ia va Aba povg a eesg

COSRUG ILLRAS 5

exmpe of he ep bewee he poc eess of Mssos egme d

esech of he ps.4

Insde Dsouses ouh ls nd Alnns

he s bewee he cosco of s d he chges poc

sodgs he 19s whe Ab 191 d he commo se of SohSvs 91 wee foded hs o eceved mch eo ece schoshp

whch hs bee cesg eesed he s bewee he Zeges d hepecepo of ps dees.2

Albnn Dscouse

Fom he e 9h ce he oo of co bewee pehsoc dce s wh he medev d mode Abs coes o be deepembedded Ab o dscose ws bsed o peogscssmpos meoed ee h he Ab gge desceded om he gge edg o e beef h he Abs ms hve bee he decsccessos of s. hs eves es ecogzbe seg deveoped he eec cme of omc osm whch cosced he hsocd boogc co fo Ab de rom pehso o mode mes

s spsg h Ab dscose o s sgic ffeced schoepeos Ab cheoog espec dg he me of comms

e 951991. sho scho epeo sppoed he vew h seve u ssmed dg he Rom occpo mg he sepeehc de he Abs e ccodg o hs vew dec descedes of

hose s who whdew o he ccessbe mos of mode Ab

he h d h cees pessed b he mgo d seeme of he Svs3

Some ew heoes wee copoed o he dscose he 1950s.Excvos he Ve of M bogh bo he cowedgme h M

ce hd sog eve of co om he Boze Age whch ws heme desood s poof h he ogs of s beoged o h me Sch vew coespoded wh pdgm sht occg mog Ygosv schos he 90s s he Becov heo dscssed beow of " ehogeessso emphszed he mpoce of c co rom he Boze o he o

Age Le epeos qesoed he oo h s wee fomed he


16/40

g p q

1 6 L ZO

Boze Ages. They poed o he Io Age as he me whe Illyas appeaed asa "lage commy of bes who shaed a commo cle ha evolved rom heBoze Age sam. Neveheless he vew ha Illya comes Albaaeoy maaed clal y dg he Io Ages was challeged.44

The clams of Abaa Illya ogs wee also ecoaged ad sed fopolcal pposes as a seul weapo a schlaly wa bewee Seb adAlbaa scholas ove he dey of pehsoc habas he dsped egoof Kosovo45 Alhogh he oo of coy s oday seosly shake by moe

ece eseach s o spsg ha coes o a cea degee o domaepopla ad scholaly Albaa pespecves. moe ece popl (b ooical scholaly) pecepos, he so-called "Pelasga dscose (o ahe aew Pelasga dscose) has appeaed. Ths heoy clams Illyas ad Albaasdeveloped om he Pelasgas a aochhoos poplao of pehsocsohease Eope ad Asa Mo I does o ake mch o econze hee ae o 9hcey heoes of Albaa aochhoy They wee ghly

ejeced ad cczed by Albaa scholas alhogh hese vews had beeocally embaced by he gea comms leade ve Hoxa. Ths bzae ewPelasgasm has s sppoes oacademc ccles osde Albaa as wel.4

ouh laic Dicouses

Ygoslav dscose o pehsoy ad Illyas o he ohe had svved sevealmpo paadgm shts. The sae of Soh Slavs was 1918 a eely ew

polcal fodao bgg ogehe dee peoples who spoke mallydesadable lagages ad some saces shaed clal habs. Thepeod of pehsoy ad ace hsoy was o ccally sgca fo hehsocal fodaos of a ew sae especally whe compaed wh AlbaaHsocal fodaos wee ahe esablshed e ealy medeval peod whehe acesos of Soh Slavs s appeaed we soces The dea of a joaval of Sebs Coas ad Sloveas o pos-Roma Illycm became he

fodao soe of ofcal Ygoslav dscose o hsoy. Illyas hs ewdscose wee peseed as a dsappeag people who s meled o wdeRoma dey ad wee lae absobed by Soh Slavs. Neveheless llyaswee sll cosdeed mpoa as hey let behd ados ad ways of lfe laecooaed o he cle of medeval ad ealy mode So Slavs47


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ONSRUCING ANS 7

It s dfult to dsut that th nun of Grman d Ausan

sholarsh at rst domnatd th rton of th llyran ast n ths rgon hss not to say that thr was no dvrsty of aroahs and onons, asGrmanohon sholarsh was ntally dvdd nto dffrnt shools of

thought, bst sn n arhaology. h rton of llyrans was lgly formdthrough Panllyran dsours bfor th 19s hs s usurrsng, not onybaus of th nun of Ganohon sholarsh: Panllyransm madllyrans drtly and/or ndrtly artat n th foudatons of lassal Gr

vlzaton through th lat Bronz Ag mgratons. At th sam tm, thy wrsn as a art of "ndogrman raal sto, thrfor of th sam "blood aswst uroans h rton of llyrans was domnatd by alolngustsIt was suggstd that mgratng llyrans assmlatd th ndgnous habtants,who survd only n ots suh as bu Som authors, suh as Budmr,assumd that vn thos rIllyrans (Plasg) wr also Indouroan sto,stlng n th BalanAgan rgon n th arly Bronz Ag, a B.C., andsgnantly matng nw stlrs Smlar das wr oatd n arhaology ofth tm as shown by th study of Cl Shuhhardt on th n dogrmanzaton ofrIllyrans, ugradng th orgnal das of Kossna.

h rst mortant aradgm sh was th brau of th Panllyrsm ofKossnna, whh was rsonatng n rgonal sholarsh vn ar 194 h soalld "Sarajvo symosum of 1964 rdnd th Illyrans as ols ndgnousto Roman Illyrum roughly sang, th Yugoslav fdraton and Alba of thtm, wth ts or n th rgon of th Dnar Als. Kossna's mgratory

amwor was rlad wth th noton that Iron Ag llyrans wr mostly ofautohthonous orgns, as th dsndants of th Bronz Ag oulaton stratum5

h drvng fors bhnd th da wr th arhaologsts Alojz Bna andBorvo ov, both om th Provnal Zemask) Musum n Sarajvo hywr not mmun om thr own Zeges though, and by rlang Panllyrvws, thy ratd a wdr xlanatory amwor fousd on thr own narrowrgon of rsarh, whh Ws dsrbd as "osna (and Hrzgovna)

ceneed

ov dnd th wdr Illyran rgon as th sa btwn thAdrat, Sava, Morava and Vardar, narrowng t to ntral and south Dalmata,Hrzgovna, south Bosna, Montno, southwst Srba and Kosovo5 Although drtly rtzng Kossa, ths aradgm sh s stll dly rootdwthn sam ulturhstory mthodology, rdnd and lansd ofunforunat raal baggag by Gordon Chld h mthodology s arularly


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gg g y gy y

8 EL ZO

visibe n the inkage of hstoricaly-naed groups with prehistoric cultures in anatempt to objecti ancient identities and put them on the map. This intent isshown cleary in the title of the proceedings: Symposium o Teioial andChonological Delimiaion ohe lyans in Pehso

n this new conceptal amework the Iyrians are seen as a supra-enicgroup composed of heterogeneous and culurayrelated tribes, who were well ontheir way to creating a unied people if not for the Roman conquest With thebenet of hindsight it seems reasonaby clear to say that the symposium of 1964

and its sequels of 1966 and 1968 deang with he lyrians in antiquiy and theirimpact on the "ethnogenesis of Souh Savs indrectly projected onto prehistorythe ideoogy of the federal Yugosav BrotherhoodandUniy asoedinso)of different but akin peoples connected n a supra-ehnic identity structue.5 A newamework did not oer a unied theoy on llyrian oigines and identiy. In fact,certain contibutions forced a wedge nto the view that llyians were a uniedgroup of commnities while Gabrovec insisted on he separation of Slovenan

regions om the Illyian amework. 53 The paper by Benac was rguaby the mostinuential sudy for new perceptions of Illyrians but it offered at tes unbalacedand mutualy excusive arguments. At the same tme he emphasized he crucialimpoance of indigenous and migatoy elements n the Bronze Age d asoanticipated the later term lyians trough the terminology used for eliercommunities (pre and proto-Iyians). A tee-phased terminoogy ofdeveopment (preIlyrians protoIlyrians praIllyrians) existed before hispaper thoughout Panlyrian discourse in different versions and not necessarily in

the same order54There were two mporant consequences of tis Saraevan symposium. 55 The

rst is that the most inluentia perceptions of Ilyrians were now provided byarchaeoogists specializing in prehistoy or the Roman provincia period whie thearguments coming om paleo-linguistics were pushed into the background Thesecond is that the focus of research on the identity of the prehistoric popuationmoves om highly speculative debates on he origins of Iyrians into moe

substantia evidence om the Iron Ages inciting debates on the identity of groupsknown om Greco-Roman writen sources Soon aer the Symposi in Sarajevoit becomes obvious that indigenous comunities Illyrian lands were dierentgroups which did not exist as historical categories before the late Halstat a BC They did not share political unity outines of social development or historicaexperiences until the Roman conquest ovi even suggested that llyian ws


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experiences until the Roman conquest ovi even suggested that llyian ws

ONSTRUCTING LLANS 19

nohg more ha a geographc erm5 Neveheless, he Illyrans dd no

dsappea om scholaly percepos. The foudaons of Illyran dscourse wereoo srog o be serously heaened by hs change of paradgm They wereredeed om beng a enc o a culural-lgusc caegoy, whch appeassomeme n he ealy 3rd mllennum B.C and conually develops no he IronAge Ilyran communes we know om wen souces. 5

As a resul of hs paadgm sh new percepos of Illyrans developed nhe 1970s ad 980s They were ow see as a goup of dfferen bu relaed enc

groups ulmaely uned under Roman admsraon As oed before, was apercepo very smlar o he vew of Souh Slavc peoples, ulmaely uned asgle polcal ad admnsave sucue, wch coseved" e ecdenes. A more complex regonal ehno-axonomy also develops n hs perod,augurang new us of analyss culural groups" beng dened by sharedmaeral culre chaeologcal culres), aroponymc classcaos ofndgeous names om Roman mes, and GrecoRoman sources The prevouslyued Illyra space becomes more vsbly dvded beween hese wder culralenc goups deed by scholars as e Pnon, llys and he Norh Adraccomplex. Shared maeal culre of he Iro Age archaeologcal groups wasregaded as a core of smaller enc groups or rbes") recorded by cewe sources5 Ts approach sll sees dey as an obecvely-deermedcaegoy cosruced n boh a hsorcal and power vacuum, and shows noeon of abadonng he noo of her uny. As a maer of fac, Benac neverreally dared o abdon he dea of Illyrans as a ghly boud oup of smlar

peoples self-aware of her knshp, who h opnon expereced smlarculural and socal developmen 5

The raumac experece of e Yugoslav break-up and uence of possrcurals approaches n wese scholarshp dd no resul n new paradgmshs n regoal percepons of he ndgenous prehsorc populao Polcalfragmenaon resuled he agmenaon of research d a sgncaly lowerlevel of nfomaon exchage, boh of whch sared o mprove only ue

recely

The encao of proohsorcal goups om Illyrcum wasaccomplshed, so dvdual peoples saed o replace Illyans as bas deyuns. Encaon of ron Age communes reseach reecs o some degreehe enc agmenao of e Yugoslav polcal amework. le moreadvanced han he earler, s approach s also a conseuence of he longer-ermsouheas European vew of ency as an organzaonal prcple hough


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souheas European vew of ency as an organzaonal prcple hough

20 ANIJEL ZINO

isory. lyians as a er did no disappea bu widrew ino e sadows unde

e dubiously-described ers "enic copex o wide communiy Te eis ipossible o dene moe closely and pobably epesens a ansiiona sagebefoe is compee disappearance o scoarly inerpeaions. Ae edeise of Yugoslaia in e early 990s arious aeps appeaed o appopiaeIyians as e ancesos of ode naions in s egion. Tis is mos cleayisible n e aemps o esablis e Bosniaks Bosnian Muslims in Bosnia andHezegoina as e descendens of lyians

I is aso ineesing o noe a e pecepion of Ilyians in no only SouSlaic bu also in Abanian soioapy was aeced by naaies of esisanceo a signican deee in paicuar in eaion o e Roman conques and peiodof poincial isoy. Sou Slaic and Albanian isoioapy peceied eRoan eaionsip wi e egion as Roan conques e submssion of eindigenous popuaion and e loss of eir poiical ndependence. A song degeeof self-idenicaion wi e ndigenous popuaion can be seen in equeny-used

moifs of naie eoes and eoic esisance agans e aggessos as wel ase diec assumpion of iciood fo e indigenous popuaion Roans aeusualy epesened as aggressos o occupies wose ony ai was o conquefoeign eior and e descipion of e conics beween e Roans and eindigenous populaion soeimes diec eecs narraies and expeiences ofgueila esisance o e Geans and Ialians duing e Second Wod Wa ne case of Sou Saic isoiograpy is esisance narraie is par of a wideisoica discouse wic inerpeed e inclusion of Yugosla ei win

wide poiica consrucs in e pas suc as Byzanine Ooan Veneian andHabsbug as "occupaion

lyians eeen he Pesen and he Pas

Iages of Illyians as pasoa ouna-dwees o scruf oug waios ome inges of e Medierranean wod deeoped in e inds of ousides in an

alos unboken coninuiy o aniquiy o ecen ies. Scaeed wrienefeences an oen-odes aeia ecod and agenay pubicaions in eAbanian and Sou Slaic languages wiou a doub conibued o e ack ofcurren wide scolary inees. A blury and incopee picure of esecouniies ade e paricualy usel o be embedded in e oe ecenisoica and poiical consrucs in souease Europe especialy Sou Saic


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isoica and poiical consrucs in souease Europe especialy Sou Saic

NSTRUCTNG LLYANS 2

ad aa he e had he ecme a sm a pam ha was sed

ecam he pas he eeds he pese The ks wh as weecsced sy ea cams pca ams ad hsca ghs mde ec gps as asaa dees he he had,as wee sed as a ak scee whch he pese was peced hepas, elecg cempa deges ad saedg pecs

s cea ha peceps as ate aq vaed ad ha hewee peceved dee dee sca pca ad degca

ccmsaces The cps kwedge as rm aq was papeseed ad s ragmes ceced he Mdde ges ad Ea Mde pedThese ragmes wee sed as he ms cvee maea mg ewaaves he pas ad hese aaves wee esashed wh dee degees ccsm vag rm he pca d de veveess he Idegem he das he cca scha appach he scesesashed Lcs ad lycum acum The eps avees, ke sad Evas as eced he vew hs eg as haed a cseavesce cvzed ad gh eedmvg ma ks wh shae esame ce ad de Sch peceps he ppa rm he dachead ad Dac ages wee te wg peced he pas adcmmes pehsc ad Rma as h he pecep sdesd sdes

The appeaace achaeg ad paegscs as ew schadscpes made he vews as mpa hgh he 9h ad 20

cees Pae-gscs deed s as a pepe wh spke e agagead heee shaed he same de Deaes he ca he gs as shted rm a mgas ms achs vews aks asht emphass he se achaegca ahe ha pae-gscevdece New epeas emphaszed ha dges ge cmmes,csdeed e ea as wee ceaed pehsc mmga gpswhe a ca ceasg d maea evdece sg dcaed ha

hese cmmes cd e csdeed e a ed d shaede Neveheess, s dd u dsappea rm ehe ppa scha peceps emag e peceved as a wde spacmm ca ad de-ceced smae cmmes The pec pcaramewks edea Ygsava ad aa e pas ecaged schas aace he s ad ds ad ve heeca d


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aace he s ad ds ad ve heeca d

O

explanaty amewks whch wuld ecncile these ppsed ntins edsntegatn f Yugslava in the 990s and appeaance f the pesent-dayndependent cunties made llyans nce me a usel tl f eclaiming thepast. t als pesents a new ppunity f schlas t e-examie the identity fthese pehstic cmmunities wthut the luing effects f cntempaydelgcal and dentty discuses.

Ntes

Th tcle pat of the Dcovey Poject uppoted by potdoctoal eech felowhp

awaded by the Autaan Reeach Concl The only majo wok n ecent tme that ha

focued on llyan Wlke (992); ee alo Stpev (977)

2 Hadn ( 992 )

3. Wlke (1992 38) cf Kat ( 991 9 ), ae Ko (200 23 )

4 See el Ko (200 219-44) fo the mot ecent aement and Wke (992) n eneal

See Woolf (20) fo lteay tatee of ethnoaph wtn n antqty6 Wallace (998)

7 ael Ko (200: 24447)

8. ael Ko (200) a mo ecent udy of ouce nd htoy of the aea up to Roman

mpeal tme ee alo Dzno (200a)

9 zz (2004), Mcy ( 977), Wlke ( 992: 6064), Fzoul nd Jouoy ( 998)

0 zz (2004 32023), Aldy (2004 179) cf alo Wlke (999) nd Syme (1973)

1 . Chapte 29-3 ee udak (2008), Dzno (20 0b 1 9297) Fne (2006 6366)

2 Kat (987 988) v (992), Matjev-Sokol (2002), MatjevSokol and Pe (2004),Pe e a (2006), Dzno (200b 004)

3 Hch (200 [Gean dcoue), Cynak (968), SymonSymonolewch (983 23

40 Samatan])

4. The bet mode eatment of the ubject e lev (2007a, 2007b, 20 0 abbevated n

Enlh]) See ao eale Petovch (978), Laue (974) ovne (1984), KuntMakv (1984),

Fne (2006: 13862), Madun (200), Palaveta (200) th (200 3942), a well a An

(200 2736 benn of th dcoue and ceaton of Dalmatn texta comunte]) . State Achve Zada, Achve of Splt Vol 2/a fol 78 An (200 3 0); cf the evval of

the tem Iricm n Histoia Rausii by Ione Cove of Ravena (343408) newad

(97 227)

6 The pvlee of Aleande the Geat to h "Slav toop a foey t ecoded n the

3th o 14th centy n Poland Odlolk (970) Moov (968 109 24) Sont (973)


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3th o 14th centy n Poland Odlolk (970) Moov (968 109-24) Sont (973)

ONSTRUCTNG LL NS 3

1 7 laevi (2007a 1 14336).

18. 2 Henr VI, 4 1 . 1 08, Stvukovic (2002), Pke (2008), Puljcn uc (201 1 )19 tolak ( 992: 2467), Kelac (1 994)

20. KuntiMakvi (991).

2 Falati (1751: 1-20) Uel eadn on the lon toy of makn ricm acrm cn be

found in Vno (1932) Patica (935) ui (972/73) nd eali (2010).

22 Foti (2007 [778] 4390), audel (1972 5 43) Fo Foti and he colonial dicoue on

Damatia in the Ae of Enihtemet, ee Wol (2001) kulin (200), Rapudi (2010 61-

54) and McCallam (20 1 ) ; and on Molacchi, Wol (2003). Fo a dicoe a afom of inteal Euopean "Oientalim, ee ote 30, below Foti (2007 [1778] 45) miht

have attibuted to the Molacc ome apect of thei mentality uch a babaity d vio a a

"eidue of ancien Illyian, but pehap not a clely a McCallam (20 1 1 1 2932) impie

23 Mot ecently, Maien (1998); in Enlh, ee Depalatovic (975) and Adle (1974).

24. Thunmann (1774: 171-366), Kopia (829), H (1853). ot much i known about the

lnuae of the ndienou popuation ee Katii ( 976) and Polom ( 982).

25 Citicized only ecently in ae (20 0)26. See ovakovi (20 1 ) de ndividual countie and eion but alo abi (200 1) fo

Sebia and ic (20 1 ) fo Dalmatia The tace of ntquain inteet in Ottomnuled

onia and Hezeovina exited motly amon the Fancican ia, but on vey modet cale

when comped with Damatia (Kaljnac and ianovi [2012: 240-50]).

27 n a wde context ee Kohl nd Fawcet (995), Dz-Andeu nd Champion (1996) Galatynd Watkinon (2004), etc

28. See Okey (2007) fo the AuoHnaian "civilizin mion and alo ote 40, below

29 See Ani (2008) fo Rai30 Goldwothy (1998), Flemn (2000 [dicoue on he alkan]), Todoova (1997 89115),

Wallace (1998 219-24), A Hond (2004 [itih avele]), McCallam (201 1 1 32

41 [Fench tavele ]).

31. Evn (1877 s well a 1878 [e epot to The Mancheer Gardian; 1 883/85 [lecte

fo Sociey o Aniqarian) See Wilke (976) fo Ath Evn in the alk and Dapac

(201 0 : 22-62) fo a wide political backond of Ev political idea

32. Fo exmple, Evan (877: xxii-xxiv, 231 347 367) That he conide "native to be"babaian i clea in a chllin tatement om ( 1 877 3 12 "I dont chooe to be told by evey

babain I meet that he i a man d a bothe beieve the exitence of nfeio ace andwould like to ee them exeminated

33 Evn (1877: 16-24, 21718, 28588, 369 1883/85 [1 31-36] [3 33-37] cutual and

phycal "inheitnce])


24/40

phycal inheitnce ])

2 EL ZO

34. Wilks (992 21); cf 25 S lso N Hmond (1992 23 consvativism]), Grun (1996

76 ["naton prid ad ''h rc spit olyria warors]).

35 . Zippl (1 877)

36 Kossa (1902). S Vt (989: 3541, 2000), Grnt (2002), Srnsn d Rbay

Salisbury (2008 6263 [Kossa]), Wi orra (2006) nd DaAndru (2007 36897

Kossinas Zeigeis])

37. ah (1925, 1955/64), Pokoy (936) Schuchhrd (1937) d also Fluss (931). S

Gavla (952/53 criticism o Schucrdt]), ov (1977) [critcism o Krh]), ovi (1986

5560) d ran ( 995 Palyrism])38 Miloi (1948/49), Mosolics (957), Graa (1960), Kmg (1964), tc S Ssn

ad RbaySalisbury (2008) on drnt ways th Uldrs wr constructd in archaology

39 Wilks (1992 89) Kaisr (1995 1002), Novakovi (202 57) S lso oldr litraur in

luss ( 1 93 1 : 3 1 1 2) ad h bibliography o Ausri works daing with ancint and prhistoric

priod in Croatia in Sadr (997)

40 S Mro (1900 [contmporary prspciv]) Wiks (992 89) ad spcially Novkovi

(20 1 : 40204)4 1 uora (2004) rsarch on "Illyris), Gilks and Mira (2000), Giks (2003, 2004 3954),

Magnani (1996, 2007 [taia achaological ission in Albia].

42. Kaisr (1 995), Slapak ad Novakovi (1 996), Novakovi (2007), Lomonosov (201 1), Gori

(2012).

43 Korkui (1971) Amali (982), slmi e al. (1985) f h updatd vrsion in Cka (2005).

On achaology and nationa idntity in Albana s Cabas (2004) ad Galay e al (1999)

Th gnral ida on Abans bing th dscndnts o Ilyrs is challngd oday s, eg

Wilks (1992 2780), owdn (2003) nd Nabn (2004)44 sl e al. (955 134 [continuity]), Korkui (1982), Prndi (1985a [mor advancd

intprations], 1985b [lyrin cultural nity in Albnia]).

45. S citicism o th approach in Xoha (2005), l os (2007), Lomonosov (2010) nd

Gori (201 2). On th SrbAbaian schoarly "ws, s Wlks ( 992 3), Kaisr ( 995

1 1 41 5) and Novakovi (201 1 : 43940)

46. Spahiu (2006) cf Jacqus (1 995 2 09), A (2003) S Cabas (2004 1 1 9) d Rappr

(2009) or critical ovviws For "oldPlasgansm, s Not 49, blow47 st omulatd nac (1969); s Lomonosov (202 6568) This notion bcoms vnmor importt, whn w tak into accout th impotc givn to "continuity as a

mtaphysical tsmission o cul in th mthodologcal mwork o naonl rchaologis

om hs rgion s Palavsta (20 1 1) or t notion o coninuiy in Srbian tnorchaology.


25/40

ONSRUCTG LLNS 25

48 S ee ebay-Salsbury (20 ) ad Srese ad ebaySasbuy (2008 6 -64) o deret

schools of Germaophoe archaeology, ad Novakov (202) o the strog mpact of the"Gea school o atoal archaeooges of he Weste Balka Pesula

9 Otir (92), Novak (929), Bum (97, 95), Mayer (957/58) Cf Schuchrt(97), ad the thkg of Sovee athropologst upa (Mlosavlev 202). osructo

of the lks bewee Aegea cvzato d the etra Baka Pesua s strogly preset

Serba chaeology om as owards Palavesa (20 5 8 -84), Bab (200 72-7)50 The proceedgs ere publshed as Beac (964a), a the seques as Beac (967a) a

(969)5 Beac (964b), ov (964), cotued Beac (967a), (967b) (977), Graai

(982). See the crtcsms ofWlkes (992 940)

52 Beac (964a: 287) cf Beac ( 95 88) See Novakov (20 442-4) o Brotherhooa-Uity te archaeology of the Yugosav pero5. Mar ( 964), ov ( 964), Kat ( 964), Gabrovec ( 964).

54. See he crtca approach of Gavela (97 4), who earler oered a smlar scheme of

doeuropzato for lyrs Gavea (958) Beac as aso uder the strog ueces of

Bumr hs peasgasm, cf Beac (964a 76)55 Mihalov (forcomg) rghty pots out the uece of Gara ( 964), who separate

otos of cultural a etic cotuty the pst o the later eas of Beac.

56 Gavela ( 97 ), ov a Gabrovec ( 97 ), as ( 97), ov ( 976 2 4).

57 Gavela (965, 978 5-68)

58. ov (986), Beac (987), Gara (988, 99) owever, the terature outse of the

rego, e.g Aldy ( 965 0-60), Wlkes ( 969: 5777), were aready much more aware of

hese dereces59. Beac (977 , ), as ell as Beac (97).

60 Novakov (20 48).

6 Kaser ( 995 009)

62. or exampe, Olu (2007), e Kos (2005), Matij (2009 0-50), Dzio (20 0a; 20 )

Ne tres deetczg lyras re vsbe the chage of termiology om "llyra

peopes to "peopes of llyric or "Ilyrcas See, e.g ael Kos (2005), Dzo (200a)

a Matev ad Kurl (20 49, 7) ecet orks Serba shoarshp show hematurato of a ew geeraos of scholars embracg postprocessual metodooges, e

Bab (2004) ra (20 ), Malov (forthcomg)

6 Imamo (998 ), lpov (2004) These ves were rightly crtcze by mastre

scholarship as scholly rreevat kegro ( 997), Novakov (2007 85) , a Pera (2002).


26/40

26 AJEL ZINO

S aso P (009 Lomoosov (01

70 ad zo (01

1

5 o s ofIas

bld w ddsoss amos h osaks.

64 S zio (009 0 fo dscriptios of bem Batonianm, as w as Ai (0 1 9

fr roatia hsoroaph.

Bibiogphy

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Ani M. 200 Inenta splitskoga kanceaa anog blenka ome Coutiide Cngu Rado Zaoda poesne znanos HAZU u Zadu47 pp. 99-48 2008 Kako danas itati studie ane Rakog Fanjo Rak

Nuanje sanje Haske pje soea An M (ed) Zageb: Godenmaketingehnika kniga pp ii .

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Mnmosyne.Bab S 2001 Janus on the Bidge A Bakan Attude towads Ancient Rome

Images oRome Peepons oAnen Rome n Euope and he Uned aesn he Mode Age Jounal o Roman Ahaeolo upplemena ees44 Hngley R. (ed) Potsmouth: Joua of Roman Achaeology pp 16782

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Muipe Aniquiies Muipe Modeiies Ancien Hisoes in Nineeenh

Cenu Euopean Cuues Kanay M. Wee and 0 ee (ed.Fankew Yok Camp Veag pp 44962

Bena A 193 ek enk poblem pehojkh anovnka Bone Heegovne Godinjak Zemaskog mueja u aajeu n 8 pp 73-9

(ed. 964a ymposium su a dimiaon eioiae echonoogique des yiens poque phisoique Saajevo: Akadeanaka mjeno BH

1964b Volye Poollye nd Ulye mposium su adimiaion Teioiae e chonoogique des yiens a poquehisoique Bena A (ed. Sajevo kademja naka mjeno BHpp 994

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. 1973 denkaj kog enoa Godinjak Cena zaakanoo ispianja 1 19 pp. 9318

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987 "0 enkm ajednama aeg eenog doba Jgolavjaisoa Jugosoenskh Zemaa, Vo 5 eezno doa Bena A (ed pp737-82.

Baev Z 27a. izam pe iiizma Zageb oden MakengTehnkaknjga.

27b Rehnkng Bakanm: Inepeave Chaenge of he EayMode Illym udes akaniques 27( pp 87 1 6

21 Indeerm-aon aave Ideny and Symbo Po Eay Mode Ilym ose Loe o ich Coun? Composie aes,Naona Hisoies and aioic Discouses in Eay Mode Eas CenaEuope Tenny B and M Zkaky (ed eden!Boon: Bl pp2324


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