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UjdjhΩn> xnj ceotcndétn ,∆ktt gzn∫ltcznb cg∆cj,jdj,kfxƒnmcz¡ d kikoi . ‰vvb pyƒtn b[ dct lj jlyju∆.

DDcctt rrffrr VVffll∆∆yyyyffGtd∫wf Vfl∆yyf xƒcnj vtyΩtn cdj÷ vfy†he jltdƒnmcz> brƒ;lsq hfp tq elf=ncz cjplƒnm y∆de/ ntyl†ywb/ d v∆lt.Nfr> d 2000 ujlé d cdj=v dbltjrk∫gt¡ Don’ t Tell Me jyƒdjpj,yjd∫kf¡ cnbkm cowboy% éprbt hfcrkti=yyst¡l;∫ycs c pfy∫;tyyjq nƒkbtq> ibh∆rbq htv†ym> rk†xfnfzhe,ƒirf b cfgju∫.

GGjjrrƒƒppss vv∆∆llssLkz gjrƒpf v∆ls vjltkm†hs cjplf÷n dtcmvƒ'rcnhfdfuƒynyst yfhΩls¡. Yf cƒvjv l†kt v∆lf ytcjplf=ncz nƒrbv ∆,hfpjv. Ukƒdyjt yfpyfx†ybt gjrƒpjd -…nj elbd∫nm gé,kbre b cl†kfnm ct,† ytvy∆uj htrkƒvs.

GG††hhddssqq vvjjllttkkmm††hhXfhkmp E∆hn> rjn∆hsq ;bk d XIX d†rt> ,sk g†hdsv vjltkm†hjv. Cyfxƒkf jy hbc∆dfk jl†;le lkz cdj†q ;tyß> rjn∆hfz> nfr∫v ∆,hfpjv> b cnƒkf g†hdjq vjl†km/. XƒhkmpeE∆hne j,Ωpfys hj;l†ybtv dsc∆rjq v∆ls> gjcr∆kmre jyhf,∆nfk yf ,juƒns[ b fhbcnjrhfn∫xtcrb[ ;†yoby.

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7

,,ttpphhffppkk∫∫xxyyssqq - hfdyjléiysq> yt dshf;ƒ/obq bnth†cf&ggjjllhhff;;ƒƒnnmm - gjdnjhΩnm xm∫-kb,j l†qcndbz> bl†b> rjg∫hjdfnm rju∆-xnj-kb,j&ggtthhtthhff,,ƒƒnnssddffnnmm - ghtdhfoƒnm dj xn∆-kb,j lheu∆t d ghjw†cct hf,∆ns&ggtthhttvvttooƒƒnnmmcczz - ld∫ufnmcz c jlyju∆ v†cnf yf lheu∆t&!!ddbbllttjj@@rrkkbbgg - ntktdbpb∆yysq h∆kbr% gjg- ∫kb hjr-g†cyz> cjghjdj;lƒtvfz hfpyjj,hƒpysvb bpj,hf;†ybzvb yf 'rhƒyt&ddjjppjj,,yyjjdd∫∫nnmm - yfxƒnm pƒyjdj&hhffccrrkkttii==yyyyssqq - !j ,h÷rf[@ hfci∫htyysq ry∫pe&yyffhhΩΩll - jl†;lf> rjcn÷v&ccjjggéénnccnnddjjddffnnmm - cjghjdj;lƒnm> bln∫ hΩljv&ggjjkkjjnnyy∆∆ - ukƒlrfz nrfym&jj,,kkffxxƒƒnnmmcczz - jltdƒnm yf ct,Ω.

ck†letim v∆lt*

Gjxtvé*

DDsshhff;;††yybbtt dd pp††hhrrffkkttDDjjnn ddcc††vv bbppdd††ccnnyyffzz ggjjcckk∆∆ddbbwwff yyff nn††vveevv∆∆llss.. GGhhjjxxbbnnƒƒqq ddsshhƒƒ;;ttyybbtt dd pp††hhrrffkktt..

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Dcnhtxƒ/n gj jl†;lt> f ghjdj;ƒ/n gj evé.

Jnd†ns yf cnh. 15


Pyfvty∫nfz héccrfz vfnh=irf> bpd†cnyfz lfktr∆ pfghtl†kfvb Hjcc∫b> bv†tn gjxn∫ cnjk†ny// bcn∆hb/.G†hde/ vfnh=ire cjplƒkb d 90-[ ujlƒ[ XIX d†rf dvjcr∆dcrjq buhéitxyjq vfcnthcr∆q `L†ncrjt djcgbnƒybt$.Únf lthtdΩyyfz buhéirf cjcnjΩkf bp djcmv∫ abuéhjr>rjn∆hst drkƒlsdfkbcm jlyƒ d lheué/. Yf g†hdjq vfnh=irt bpj,hf;ƒkfcm l†deirf dghjcnjyfh∆lyjv ujhjlcr∆v rjcn÷vt. Bvz `Vfnh=yf$ njulƒ,ßkj ibhjr∆ hfcghjcnhfy=yysv. Jnc÷lf b gjik∆

yfpdƒybt - `vfnh=irf$. D yfxƒkt 1900-[ ujl∆dvfcnthcrƒz `L†ncrjt djcgbnƒybt$ pfrhßkfcm>

yj bpujnjdk†ybt vfnh=itr cnƒkjghjljk;ƒnmcz d C†hubtdjv Gjcƒlt>

xnj d 70 rv c†dthytt Vjcrdß. G†hdst vfnh=irbghjlfdƒkbcm l∆hjuj> yj dc= hfdy∆ ghbdktrƒkb gjregƒntktqb g∆kmpjdfkbcm ,jkmi∫v cgh∆cjv. Gjcnegƒkb pfrƒps lƒ;tbp Gfh∫;f> ghjlfdƒkbcm vfnh=irb b d Uthvƒybb> yfpyfvty∫njq K†qgwbucrjq Ûhvfhrt. D yfxƒkt XX d†rf h∆cgbcm vfnh=itr cnƒkf rhƒcjxytq bhfpyjj,hƒpytq> bpj,hf;ƒkbcm e;† yt n∆kmrj l†deirb dcfhfaƒyf[> yj b gfcneir∫> ,jhjlƒnst cnfhbr∫> ytd†cns c;tyb[ƒvb. Afynƒpbz [el∆;ybrjd yt juhfy∫xbdfkf ct,Ωybxtv> d nj ;t dh†vz vfcnthƒ edtk∫xbdfkb rjk∫xtcndjdrkƒlsdftvs[ abuéhjr. Nfr d 1913 ujlé vƒcnth Y.<eksx=dgj,∫k cdjtj,hƒpysq htr∆hl> dßnjxbd vfnh=ire bp 48abueh.

JJnn rrffrr∆∆uujj ;;††yyccrrjjuujj ∫∫vvttyybb ,,tthh==nnyyffxxƒƒkkjj yyffppddƒƒyybbtt `vvffnnhh==iirrff$$ **

ff@@ Vfh∫z ,,@@ VfhmΩyf dd@@ Vfnh=yf

Jnd†ns yf cnh. 15

A∆hev> ult v∆;yj dßcrfpfnm

cdj= k∫xyjt vy†ybt yf hfpyßt

n†vs% rekmnéhf> yhƒds>

zdk†ybz> ghjbc[jlΩobt d

cjdhtv†yyjv ∆,otcndt>

gthcjyƒ;b.

UUjjddjjhh÷÷>> xxnnjj lléévvff//

RRnnjj ttccnnmm rrnnjj**

Flƒv <h∆lb<tyl;fv∫y VfrR†ypbH…xtk <∫kcjyV∫if <ƒhnjy

YYffggbbii∫∫ ∫∫vvzz ffrrnn==hhff>> rrjjnn∆∆hhssqq

bbuuhhƒƒttnn ……nnbb[[ ggtthhccjjyyƒƒ;;ttqq%%

AAttyy∆∆vvttyyThe OC !jn Orange County@- jl∫y bp ntktdbpb∆yys[ aty∆vtyjd …nb[ ktn.Cthbƒk yƒxfkcz d 2003 ujléd Cjtlby=yys[ Inƒnf[ bchƒpe ;t pfdjtdƒkjuh∆vysq ecg†[% ,∆ktt 10 vbkkb∆yjd ph∫ntktq pfc†hb/. The OC jcy∆dsdftncz yfljd∆kmyj ghjcn∆q bcn∆hbb.Hƒqfy !<tyl;fv∫yVfrR†ypb@> ,ktcnΩobq> yjytgjr∆hysq¡ gƒhtym>ecnhƒbdftn gthtgjk∆[¡ dj,o∫yt¡ Ôh'yl; Rƒeynb>hf÷ lkz ,juƒns[ k/l†q. D jl∫y ghtrhƒcysq ltymHƒqfyf b tu∆ ,hƒnf Nh†zfhtcn∆dsdf/n pf rhƒ;e.Fldjrƒn C…ylb R∆'y!G∫nth Uƒkkfuth@dsnƒcrbdftn tu∆ bp n/hmvß b htiƒtnghbukfc∫nm Hƒqfyf r ct,†ljv∆q yf ds[jlyßt¡ lyb. C …njuj vjv†ynf gh†;yzz¡;bpym ctvm∫ R∆'y b dctqj,o∫ys Ôh'yl; Rƒeynbbpvty∫kfcm^

DD ÔÔhh''yyll;; RRƒƒeeyynnbbddccttuullƒƒ ccdd††nnbbnncc∆∆kkyywwttG

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1. HHƒƒqqffyy ÚÚnnddeell………………………………………..…

Jy hjl∫kcz d ,†lys[ hfq∆yf[ u∆hjlf>yj gjgflƒtn d vbh ,juƒns[> crjn∆hsvb jy xƒcnj ,sdƒtn dhfpyjukƒcbb¡. Jlyƒrj> Hƒqfyv∆;tn hfccx∫nsdfnm yfctvm÷ R∆'y> yf cdjtu∆ kéxituj lhéuf C†nf bVfh∫cce> djpv∆;yj> - tu∆ h∆lcndtyye/ léie¡...

2. VVffhh∫∫ccccff RRééggtthh……………………………………….…

Rƒ;tncz> e yt= f,cjk÷nyj ,kfujgjkéxyfz¡;bpym> yj yf cƒvjv l†kt …nj yt nfr. Yfkbw∆¡ cthm=pyst rjynhƒcns v†;le ytq b t= ctvm=q. Vfh∫ccf ∆xtymhfy∫vf> b tl∫ycndtyyjtenti†ybt¡ jyƒ gjkexƒtnjn cdj†q kéxitqgjlhéub Cƒvvth b

dyjdm ghb,ßditujHƒqfyf.

yyttggjjrr∆∆hhyyssqq - ytgjckéiysq> ytecnégxbdsq&ggtthhttggjjkk∆∆[[ - dytpƒgyfz nhtd∆uf> djky†ybt&jj,,oo∫∫yyff - cfvjeghfdkΩ/ofz jhufybpƒwbz ;∫ntktqrfr∆q-yb,elm nthhbnjhbƒkmyjq tlby∫ws&ddss[[jjllyy∆∆qq !!llttyymm@@ - ltym ∆nls[f> ltym> cdj,∆lysq jn hf,∆ns&gghh††;;yybbqq - nfr∆q> rfr ,sk hƒymit&hhffppyyjjuukkƒƒccbbtt - jncéncndbt cjukƒcbz& hh∆∆llccnnddttyyyyffzz lleeiiƒƒ !!ddsshhff;;††yybbtt@@ - ,k∫prbq>gjybvƒ/obq xtkjd†r&,,kkffuujjggjjkkééxxyyssqq - elƒxysq> ecg†iysq&yyff kkbbww∆∆ !!ddsshhff;;††yybbtt@@ - Ωdyj> pfv†nyj&eennttii††yybbtt - ecgjrj†ybt> j,k†ux†ybt ,kfujlƒhzrjvé-xtvé-kb,j&yyff∫∫ddyyssqq - ghjcnjléiysq> yt[∫nhsq> yt∆gsnysq&jj,,kkffllƒƒnnmm - bv†nm&bbpp,,ffkk∆∆ddffyyyyssqq - bpy†;tyysq> bcg∆hxtyysqbpk∫iybv dybvƒybtv ∫kb pf,∆njq&gghhjjggeeccnn∫∫nnmm - egecn∫nm> gjnthΩnm&kkƒƒllbbnnmmcczz - elfdƒnmcz.

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11

Ctu∆lyz> ,kfujlfhΩ Bynthy†ne>;ehyƒkfv> vjyjuhƒabzv b uƒl;tne k/,∆uj n∫gf> The OC cnfk aty∆vtyjv yhƒdjd.Djn vy†ybz y†rjnjhs[ ht,Ωn j,…njv ntktdbpb∆yyjv cthbƒkt.

`Lkz vtyΩ> …nj ghbdßxyfzt;tytl†kmyzz dcnh†xf. Z yt ghjgecn∫kf¡ yb jly∆q c†hbb.Gjxtvé* Gjnjvé xnj dct vj∫ lhepmΩ cv∆nhzn …njn cthbƒk> bz yt d∫;e d …njv ybxtu∆gkj[∆uj.$

NNtthh††ppff>> BBccggƒƒyybbzz

`Vs cj,bhƒtvcz e vtyΩ l∆vf bcv∆nhbv cthbƒk. Vs dct v†;le cj,∆q lhepmΩ> b yfvyhƒdbncz rjvtyn∫hjdfnm dv†cnt cw†ys bp c†hbq. Lkz vtyΩ> …njhfpdktx†ybt> jn rjn∆hjuj vyt yt [∆xtncz jnrƒpsdfnmcz.$

KKeerrƒƒ>> BBnnƒƒkkbbzz

`Vyt ∆xtym yhƒdbncz The OC>lƒ;t †ckb z yt jnyjiécm r ytvéck∫irjv cthm=pyj. Z pyƒ/> xnjltqcnd∫ntkmyjcnm b yfcnjΩofz;bpym - jy∫ yt nfrjdß. Yj v∆;yjytvy∆uj b gjvtxnƒnm> yt nfr kb*$

GG††nnhhff>> YYjjhhdd††uubbzz

`Yt ghƒdlf> xnj pltcmhfccrƒpsdf/n n∆kmrj j gjd†h[yjcnyjv. Yfj,jh∆n^Gj,∆kmit ,s nfr∫[ ghjuhƒvv yf ntktd∫ltybb> ulthfccrƒpsdf/n j ltqcnd∫ntkmys[dtoƒ[> rjn∆hst v∆uen ckex∫nmcz c yjhvƒkmysvb k/lmv∫ rfr z bvjb ir∆kmyst njdƒhbob.$

KKbbww>> IIdd††wwbbzz

`Vyt The OC rƒ;tnczbcréccndtyysv. Dct rhfc∫dst> ghbx=cfyyst> eks,ƒ/obtcz> b lƒ;trjulƒ xn∆-nj yt kƒlbncz¡> dy†iytrƒ;tncz> dc= ghtrhƒcyj^ Yt yf[j;éd …njv ybxtu∆ bynth†cyjuj.$

GGjjkkmm>> RRffyyƒƒllff

FF nnss ppyyffrr∆∆vv cc cctthhbbƒƒkkjjvv The OC ** NNss ttuu∆∆ ccvv∆∆nnhhbbiimm** GGjjxxttvvéé**

Yfgbi∫ cdj= vy†ybt yf%:

[email protected]

`Z cvjnh÷ cthbƒk>ghjcnj gjnjvé> xnjjy bynth†cysq> b pltcm dc= rhfc∫dj^$

NNttjj>> UUhh††wwbbzz

3. CCttnn RR∆∆''yy…………………………………………

Únj yf∫dysq¡ b vtxnƒntkmysq gƒhtym. Jy cbvgfn∫xty> f tu∆ cfhrƒpv zdkΩtncz>,tpeck∆dyj> tu∆ kéxibv rƒxtcndjv. Jy k÷,bn r∆vbrcs b dbltj∫uhs> fnƒr;t ds[jl∫nm d vjh† yf gƒhecyjqk∆lrt. Jy j,kflƒtn¡ k∆lrjq> rjn∆hjqlfk yfpdƒybt `Summer Breeze$> d xtcnmltdéirb> rjn∆he/ dctulƒ nƒqyjk/,∫k> nj tcnm Cƒvvth H∆,thnc.

4. CCƒƒvvvvtthh HH∆∆,,tthhnncc…………………………....……………

<juƒnfz> bp,fk∆dfyyfz¡ b cyj,. Jyƒghbdßrkf ;bnm d v∫ht> ult cxbnƒ/ncz

n∆kmrj c ltymuƒvb. Yj cr∆hj pf …njq dy†iytqd∫lbvjcnm/ghjΩdbnczelbd∫ntkmyfz xedcnd∫ntkmyjcnm.

Jnd†ns yf cnh. 15

Ghtlkj;†ybz cjlyjh∆lysvb xk†yfvb


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12

Vtcnƒ

JJ PPjjkkjjnn∆∆vv rrjjkkmmww†† HHjjcccc∫∫bbVfhihén Pjkjn∆t rjkmw∆ Hjcc∫b ghj[∆lbn gj lh†dybvhéccrbv ujhjlƒv> [hfyΩobv eybrƒkmyst b wtyy†qibtgƒvznybrb héccrjq rekmnéhs b bcn∆hbb. D …nb[ ujhjlƒ[ ghtlcnƒdktys dct nƒgs hfpd∫nbz lhtdythéccrjujp∆lxtcndf¡% dtk∫xtcndtyyst ,tkjrƒvtyyst [hƒvs XII-XIIIdtr∆d> ifnh∆dst gjcnh∆qrb XVI d†rf> ghjbpdtl†ybz fh[bntrnéhys[ b ;bdjg∫cys[ irjk Hjcn∆df> Zhjckƒdkz>Céplfkz. D Cg∫cjr Dctv∫hyjuj yfck†lbz ?YTCRJdrk/xtyß% Fh[bntrnéhysqfycƒv,km Nh∆bwt-C†hubtdjq Kƒdhs d C†hubtdjv Gjcƒlt>Rhtvkm> Gjrh∆dcrbq bCgƒcj-Tda∫vbtd vjyfcnsh∫ dCéplfkt> Ecg†ycrbq bLv∫nhbtdcrbq cj,∆hs djDkfl∫vbht b y†rjnjhstlheu∫t gƒvznybrb.Vyjujx∫cktyystghfdjckƒdyst cdznßybghbdktrƒ/n c/lƒ vy∆;tcndjgfk∆vybrjd¡. Hfq∆y Pjkjn∆ujrjkmwƒ ckƒdbncz nƒr;tghjbpdtl†ybzvb yfh∆lyjujbcréccndf b nd∆hxtcndf.

DD ……nnjjvv uujjlléé `LLffddffqq$$ gghhttllkkffuuƒƒttnn ccddjj∫∫vv xxbbnnƒƒnnttkkΩΩvv ccjjddtthhii∫∫nnmm eeddkkttrrƒƒnnttkkmmyyjjttggeennttii††ccnnddbbtt ggjj vvffhhiihhéénnee `PPjjkkjjnn∆∆tt rrjjkkmmww∆∆ HHjjcccc∫∫bb$$.. HHéé,,hhbbrrff `VVttccnnƒƒ$$ ggjjppyyffrr∆∆vvbbnnddffcc cc eellbbdd∫∫nnttkkmmyyssvvbb uujjhhjjllƒƒvvbb ……nnjjuujj hhttuubb∆∆yyff.. DD ……nnjjvv yy∆∆vvtthhtt ddss gghhjjxxbbnnƒƒttnntt jjdd∆∆kk;;ccrrbb[[ uujjhhjjllƒƒ[[ HHßß,,bbyyccrrtt>> ‰‰uukkbbxxtt bb RRffkkΩΩppbbyytt..

HHßß,,bbyyccrrU∆hjl Hß,bycr cdΩpsdf/n c juh∆vysvdjlzyßv p†hrfkjv cƒvjuj ,jkmi∆ujbcréccndtyyjuj ∆pthf d v∫ht> yj bpd†cntyjy nƒr;t cdj†q elbd∫ntkmyjq cnƒhjqpfcnh∆qrjq> rjn∆hfz dspsdƒtn djc[bo†ybt

pyfnjr∆d héccrjq fh[bntrnéhs XIX d†rf. Bcn∆hbzd∆k;crjuj u∆hjlf e[∆lbn d uke,m dtr∆d.Fh[bjkju∫xtcrbt hfcr∆grb yfik∫ pltcm cktlß rhégyjuj

gjctk†ybz. D 'g∆[e Gtnhƒ I celm,ƒHß,bycrf> njulƒ to= ckj,jlß¡> h†prjbpvty∫kfcm. Ckj,jlƒ jrfpƒkfcm d rk/xtd∆v¡v†cnt y∆djuj [k†,yjuj gen∫% ∫vtyyj c/lƒgjlybvƒkbcm juh∆vyst ,ƒhrb c ybp∆dmtd¡D∆kub. D 1777 ujlé Hß,yfz ckj,jlƒgjkex∫kf cnƒnec u∆hjlf. R cthtl∫yt XIXd†rf rh∆vt gjcnjΩyyjuj yfctk†ybz d u∆hjlt,ßkj ∆rjkj 13000 nßczx gh∫iks[¡ k/l†q.<jkmibycnd∆ bp yb[ ,ßkb ktutylƒhyst,ehkfr∫¡. Pf v∫pthye/ gkƒne jy∫ dhexyé/nzyékb juh∆vyst rjhf,k∫> uhe;=yyst[k†,jv> gj htr† D∆kut. D nj dh†vz Hß,bycr to= yfpsdƒkb`,ehkƒwrjq cnjk∫wtq$. D 1977 ujlé d u∆hjlt ,sk ecnfy∆dktygƒvznybr ,ehkfré !crékmgnjh K. Gbcfh†dcrbq@> crh∆vysq> yj

tl∫ycndtyysq d Hjcc∫b. D XIX d†rt ,jufn†/obq u∆hjlcnfk byntyc∫dyj pfcnhƒbdfnmcz rƒvtyysvb plƒybzvb. Bp yb[ cj[hfy∫kbcm ecƒlm,f¡ Yfévjds[-Gthtckƒdwtds[>ult ctqxƒc hfcgjkfuƒtncz jlyƒ bp rhegy†qib[ ,b,kbjn†ru∆hjlf> b ljv Gjg∆ds[ - gƒvznybr gtht[jly∆q 'g∆[b.U∆hjl zdkΩtncz nƒr;t htkbub∆pysv w†ynhjv. Pltcm cjchtljn∆xtyj ytvƒkj [hƒvjd b wthrd†q nfr∫[> rfrCgƒcj-Ghtj,hf;†ycrbq cj,∆h> Djpytc†ycrbq bUt∆hubtdcrbq [hƒvs> w†hrjdm dj ∫vz Ch†ntybz Ujcg∆lyzb vy∆ubt lheu∫t.

PPjjkkjjnn∆∆tt RRjjkkmmww∆∆ HHjjcccc∫∫bb%%HHßß,,bbyyccrr>> ‰‰uukkbbxx>> RRffkkΩΩppbbyy

HHßß,,bbyyccrr

‰‰uukkbbxx

RRffkkΩΩppbbyy

WWtthhrrjjddmm CChhttnnttyybbzz UUjjccggjjllyyzz

HHttggbbyy BB.. TT.. $$<<eehhkkffrrbb$$

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